So which is going not surprising going to talk about learning okay quantum systems, so please I hope you can hear me now Okay, thanks for the introduction. Yeah, first of all, I want to thank the organizers for inviting me to this beautiful place. I'm I'm really enjoying this conference a lot because Okay, my title I tried to connect my title so to say to the conference so it has quantum in it It has learning in it. I mean, I'm an experimentalist coming from Vienna now and first of all, I mean I Cannot do machine learning in a way because I'm not used to using a computer. I like to use a little Quantum systems that we built in the lab But in the in the recent time we were thinking a lot about like how to use maybe machine learning and how to maybe Learn more about quantum systems. Yeah, and so this is a bit the story that I want to tell you here today So and I picked out two learning tasks I mean we are learning every day in the lab a lot But you know like two specific learning tasks I took out here the first one is a bit more on the experimental slash technical side It will be about like how we built a little physics inspired model to produce Optimal optical potentials with the help of a digital micro mirror device very much in the spirit of what Julian was talking about two days ago Like to imprint optical potentials to clouds of ultra-cold atoms And the other learning task will be about More on the quantum simulation side So I will I want to show you a very recent project of ours where we thought of like doing Hamiltonian learning so we heard this term also a lot this week already But I think I might give you another spirit on to that because I want to show you how you can learn Effective field theories from measurement data in your lab Okay, so we are asking the question. What is an effective Hamiltonian describing this system? Okay, but let me start with the first part Okay for this I will introduce to you our experimental platform that we have in our laboratories in Vienna So what we are using is a so-called atom chip. This is basically a microfabricated structure through which we can send currents oscillating or DC currents basically to create magnetic fields and with the help of these magnetic fields We can trap ultra-cold rubidium atoms below the surface of this chip and our speciality So to say is to generate To thin let's say call them quantum wire. So basically we are creating Two one-dimensional boson Einstein condensates of rubidium 87 below that atom chip Where you can explore the physics that's coming from the onsite interaction so the atoms are interacting repulsively with each other and the tunneling between the two wires, yeah and So how you can think of this is basically what you have you have two boson So quasi-boson Einstein condensates because we are in 1d. So there is no strict condensation So to say which we want to describe in terms of the relative degrees of freedom So I already told you we have some tunneling going on that couples basically did the two wires which each other So you want so what we are interested in is the relative degrees of freedom. So the relative density fluctuations What we call pi and the relative phase fluctuations, which we call fine Yeah, and later in my talk I will talk a bit more about the physics and how we can deduce the effect of physics describing the systems but what is now relevant is that like Usually creating these systems here below the atom chip what happens in this long in this longitudinal direction in the 1d Direction is that we create trapping potentials which look like that That's something you have often in in the lab if you create a trapping potential Is it from magnetic field or an optical dipole beam? what you have is you have harmonic trapping confinement and This is in a way not what you want because these systems then feature spatially dependent Atomic density and this leads to spatially dependent interaction and so on so what you what you would like to have is for example A flat box potential or at least you want to have control over the trapping configuration in this longitudinal direction so What we what we set out to do and we were not the first to do so there's many lab many people doing this For for lattice systems as well as continuous continuous systems as we have them in the lab is So basically what you do you have just you have your cl- sorry Okay, I Yeah, you have your cloud of ultra cold atoms and what you can do Additionally to the magnetic fields you can shine in basically light fields from the side with this create optical dipole potentials to compensate for the harmonic confinement and This was a setup we came up with so what we have is we have a digital micro mirror device So this is basically a pixelated like matrix of small mirrors that you can switch in an off or an on position And with this you can create basically arbitrary light patterns by shining a light source So for example a laser or here in this case as an SLD onto that thing And then what you do is you image the light that you create basically the light pattern that you create in the plane of the Dmd you image with some lenses does not does not matter the details for you now here Onto like the atoms or like in our case here. This was a test setup onto a CCD camera Okay, and then maybe you also want to do something like an optimal control on of your pattern So you want to give some feedback and modify the Dmd pattern to create some optimal optical potentials Just that you see that we can do like really what we want So this is one of the patterns that we created. So this is the logo of our home university So this is always a bit self advertisement here. Yeah, so you can see we can do really arbitrary patterns Okay, so but now question you told us you can do everything, but why do you want to do machine learning? Okay, or why are you doing machine learning? So, okay, what you usually have you have some input This is in this case a pattern that we put onto the Dmd Then you have this then you have a system which basically Processes this input and in our case. This is for example the optics that we use to image the Dmd pattern onto the atoms And then what you get you get some output and this you can compare to some target For example, what you want is you want to have a flag flat box trapping potential. However Unfortunately, word is not perfect. I mean most likely this is a good thing that word is not perfect But okay here in that case It's a bad thing because we you don't end up with a box, but you have some residual like problems So to say so what you want to do you want to calculate the error between what you get out and the target And you want to do some feedback Yeah, so however in our case what we wanted to have is we wanted to have a trained model Representing the system including all its imperfections. Why do we want to have this? Because our experimental system is usually slow So our machine gets like a picture or like a realization of the quantum simulation So to say every 30 seconds So this means optimizing that thing over hundreds of iterations takes a lot of time Yeah, and you would like to spare this time because if you can spare the time of optimizing an optical potential You can do some very interesting quantum simulation in the same time So that's why we were aiming for a model to do this optimization of the of this of this optical potential So to say offline so without using the actual system Yeah, and so now basically we asked the question how can we generate an experimentally Efficiently trainable machine learning model. Yeah, and this is what we in the end called physics inspired learning model Which is a quite fancy term for something very simple, but you will see it in the next slide, okay? so In a way, what did we do so we thought of what is happening in the system? Yeah, and what is happening so you have a 1d virtual input in our case 1d is enough because you have a 1d system and you You will get some optical potentials as an output. Yeah, and now the question is how do you set up the model in between? So what we first thought of okay? Let's put a layer which basically represents the shape of our beam So we don't put already a homogeneous light beam onto the dmd, but this already has some shape Secondly there is some Imaging going on and this imaging has a finite resolution so we can include basically a point spread function So this is basically like giving the resolution of the the optical system And there can be some offsets to to the camera to do the measurement to do something else to some noise basically And there's actually some additional noise appearing here as well. I see it Okay, and then we added one polynomial non-linear layer To include basically everything else But also the mapping from these 2d pictures that we have on the dmd To the word 1d virtual input and with this we basically set up our very simple physics inspired model That that should mimic basically our optical setup that we were using and then what we did is we trained this model Basically by by really I mean there we had to use the actual setup But we could we could use that and so this was like a test setup basically with light So we trained the model basically using Several patterns on to the dmd and then look like observing the output Yeah, so we could train this machine learning model and then we could go to the experimental Optimization yeah, and for this optimization just like maybe for the experts or if you're interested in this for for giving the feedback We use an algorithm which was which is called iterative learning control I won't go into detail I give you a citation on the next slide and if you're interested in that we can talk afterwards about this So what did we so what we did we do so you have some initial guess? So this is how the optimization works basically in the end you have some initial guess you feel you generate the 1d virtual input You feed it into your machine learning model you get some predicted optical output Compared to your target potential calculate the error put it in this black box Which is the iterative learning control and you update the virtual input and this you do as law Like many iterations such that you are happy with the result Okay, and this is what we called offline closed loop optimization So to say yeah, we can now do a closed loop optimization, but we can do the whole thing offline So without using our experiment system so the experiment system can do something else some interesting quantum simulation that we already prepared Yeah, but we can do in principle the whole thing as well with the system Yeah, we can also use basically the system itself. So do the optimization offline Okay So this was basically the idea and the idea of that so this is this is basically Summed up as well the model as well the results experimental site is summed up in this paper here And if you want to know more about it iterative learning control This is something which we got from our friends from the automation and control Institute So really people coming really from the control side were included in this is this you can find some details in this paper So what were the results? The results were the following so this is other like some examples of an optical potential where we optimized basically For some flat optical potential here in this regime and what you see on the right side Yeah, it's basically the error the root means square error in percent as a function of the number of iterations Okay, so you do this optimization several times So what the constant or what is it purple line here at ten percent? This is the result we get from the offline optimization Yeah, so this is constant because it has no it number of iterations using the system so to say yeah So this is just done with our physics inspired model So this is basically the level we can get without using the system after training the model And then what we compared to this is the green line. This is what we call a heuristic algorithm algorithm This is already used in another experiment in Vienna. Yeah, it's was basically our baseline This was used so far as for optimizing these potentials and what you can see is that like we can get to The same accuracy basically with our physics inspired model so without using the experiment So for which the the heuristic algorithm would need something like 75 shots using the experiment So we could already just comparing to this one spare a lot a lot a lot of shots Basically on the on the true physical machine. Yeah, so we we already gained some some big advantage here and on the other side what you see is our Our our also our feedback mechanism is works quite well. So the red line is basically just using the online Okay, you use the online optimization But now with the iterative learning control which was also not used before and then you see you You need something like 10 shots or so to come already to this level Which is the final level that we can achieve basically Yeah, and then in the end what we plan to do is now Basically to basically something like a pre optimization of line and then just do a few steps online using the machine So basically just do the final fine-tuning basically online. Yeah, this is what we envisioned So this was basically my first example of like how we used Machine learning or like a little learning model basically inspired by machine learning to to optimize Processes in preparing a quantum simulator. Yeah, and as I said, this this work is basically Summarized in this publication I just want to acknowledge already the people here because the people in the second project will be a bit different people So so this was basically the project led from the PhD side basically by my Martino Calzavara and by Evgeny Kuriatnikov So and we work together with the group of Andreas Deutschman and Andreas Kugy in Vienna and Thomas Okolaku and Felix Modso in Jülich. Okay. Good so Is there some questions so far to this part because if not I would Switch a little bit gears. Yeah, Chris. Yeah, so I mean, this is something. Yeah, this is obviously a question from an experimentalist But this is something which I think will I mean so to say in all its details only come up when we use it like for a long time on the experiment what we saw on the on the test setup so far is that it's it's rather stable actually and Concerning interferences and so on you mean like some some random speckles and so that's why I mean I had this I just flashed this shortly We were also testing out actually here using an incoherent light source Not a laser and we saw that this gives us definitely a big enhancement So in terms of train ability, let's say of the model I mean, I don't want to you know let me know not use this word train ability and not all not that all the machine learning people like Will fight me in the end. Let's say in terms of like how well we can do the offline optimization Using the incoherent light source works much better But if you have access to the online optimization The iterative learning control as a feedback mechanism works equally well for the laser as well as for the incoherent light source This is what I can say so far Okay, good then Let me come to my second topic and this is now Regarding like doing Hamiltonian learning for effective field theories. So what do I mean with that? I should give you a little introduction So what we are interested in our let's say physics endeavors Not that this was not physics But like you know like what we usually do in our laboratories is Quantum anybody systems. So we are interested in systems Like these yeah, so you have my you have many particles in the system Which are close to each other hopefully interacting with each other which have might have some internal degrees of freedom like here a spin or you know like they can tunnel as I already described it to you and They are their their properties are basically quantum Governed by quantum mechanical effects. Okay, and we already saw basically beautiful experiments for example again by for example in Julian's talk where Basically this this whole this whole field has grown Studying these systems really in a microscopic fashion So you do basically really like a bottom-up approach by assembling these systems in a microscopic fashion particle by particle on Lettacide by Lettacide controlling interaction controlling position We we rather take a so to say a contrary approach Coming from the big systems and understanding more and more By looking at those systems in a bit of like a zoomed out view, okay So we want to look at the large-scale low energy effective physics basically of these systems And then what might happen actually is that there might be new Emergent degrees of freedom on these long wavelength scales and okay surprisingly here in this example out of these like many little spins that were emerging basically big spins, yeah, and and we are interested basically into in in the physics of these like Spins or like systems or degrees of freedom emerging on the long low energy scale or on the long wavelengths yeah, so and So what we how we call this is basically we call this like quantum fields So we we seek descriptions of these emergent degrees of freedom by effective field theories Yeah, so the effective interaction constants should be captured by these effective field theories And now what we wanted to ask is Can we learn the effect of Hamiltonian? So like the effect of field theory Hamiltonian describing these physics from our experimental measurements and So for quantum fields, there were already basically investigations in this directions This was basically approaches using the equal time effective action Okay, now you might wonder who what is the equal time effective action never heard of this Yeah, this was the same for us because we were also not like trained that well in quantum field theory So the quantum field theories be In the audience might know but the others might not But we managed basically to measure like the equal time effective action in these like field theory systems this is a paper which was already cited this week and But we were all trained a little bit more in the language of Hamiltonians Yeah, so we wanted to learn effective Hamiltonians because this is somewhat more intuitive for us to Because we can interpret what is happening in Hamiltonian And so we took basically inspiration by by many many papers and I cannot cite all of them who do Hamiltonian learning for microscopic theories, you know But we wanted to basically translate those ideas to the realm of like effective field theories So What is the workflow? Okay, so let me let me guide you through this like very complicated slide But I hope you will get the ideas afterwards so if you think of like Hamiltonian learning what you want to do is you want to formulate an ansatz Hamiltonian Yeah, in terms of interaction terms in terms of interaction constants But the question you have to ask is what are the entities or what are the operators I put into my Hamiltonian? Yeah, and for spins for example sitting on a lattice. It's quite clear You put the spin operators on the different lattice sites and then you can think of like I have maybe a Z Z interaction I have a X Z interaction. I have a field in X direction. Okay, so it's quite clear in which terms You should formulate your Hamiltonian. However, what we do here is we prepare systems of ultra code atoms Which are like Icroscopically these are like atoms which sit on certain positions and interact with each other But what we are measuring is always a coarse-grained picture Yeah, so we get some coarse-grained Field like of thing which lives on a on a certain length scale basically, okay so And this is why you have to think about like what are basically the the coarse-grained fields I have to put into my effect of Hamiltonian and how this works is the following so what you do is on the theory side so to say you formulate an ansatz Hamiltonian now and This might depend on some masses some interaction scales Yeah, and then what you do is you have to basically coarse-grained This ansatz Hamiltonian So what you do is you basically write down the the generating functionals of all your Correlation functions and you basically integrate out high energy modes up to the scale Where you will measure yeah, and this will lead to basically a flow of the Hamiltonian in this like coupling space Basically, okay, so the coarse-graining brings you basically to some scale a on which the new Hamiltonian will live Okay, and then you will get some effective Hamiltonian Describing the physics at the scale a Okay, and the second line that you see flowing in here the gray one. This is basically Describing the system the true system because basically your system Hamiltonian that you will learn later and The microscopic Hamiltonian that you write down in your field theory ansatz They do not have to coincide because for us in our example to get very explicit It's atoms interacting via delta potential interaction and tunneling between two wells and later We will describe it by a sine Gordon field theory Yeah, and this will only match on a certain scale, but microscopically they are definitely not the same Yeah, so you have to basically translate your microscopic ansatz on to the right scale Yeah, and then what you do on the other side is you perform your quantum simulation experiment So you have your experiment Yeah, and then you have to you you prepare some interesting quantum state in our case for example here you prepare a formal state of a certain system Hamiltonian and then you do coarse-grained measurements and You basically store the results. So here in this case This is the field value phi as a function of the position X for every pixel that you have for example on your camera Okay, and you take many snapshots of those systems and you store the data On your computer and from this you can calculate Basically any type of correlation function that you can imagine having these fields, okay and now Everything now everything else you have to do. So what what did we do just to summarize maybe shortly? What did we do we formulated an ansatz Hamiltonian? We just under just I mean I did not do this. This is the field theorists work But we they basically integrated out the high energy so to say scale This is something they can do perturbatively so analytically so no basically solving you're involved of any theory Yeah, no numerics nothing and on the other side we performed our quantum simulation and basically calculated this correlation functions and all the rest we have to do is We have to do classical post-processing. Yeah, so from calculating basically Basically commutators between the Hamiltonian and certain observables Just like calculating on a field levels to say yeah, not not calculating the expectation values We can get constraints on These correlation functions. Yeah, and these constraints allow us basically to deduce the interaction constants Okay, so you see here's an I hope you see here's no numerical or analytical solving of the whole theory involved Everything we have to do is we have to formulate an ansatz Hamiltonian and do the measurements on the system This means we can do this whole procedure also in regimes where we do not have Can't where we cannot solve basically our ansatz Hamiltonian, so to say yeah, so it's not a fitting of somewhat generated Computer data, but it's really deducing the Hamiltonian parameters in that way without being able to solve the theory Okay, it's just that we have constraints that we can deduce from the ansatz Hamiltonian Okay So now that the confusion is finally arrived has arrived. Let's get a bit more explicit so in our case as I already described basically at the really low momentum scale like high energy scales basically or like at microscopic distances Our system will be described by both gas. So these are bisonic atoms interacting with each other However, what what was already found in other studies there or like you can also show Basically that on large the large wavelength physics basically can be this effectively described by a sine Gordon field theory So what we did is we basically formulated the sine Gordon field theory a Microscopic sine Gordon field theory and then basically Calculated the effect of Hamiltonian on the scale on which we can do the measurement and the experiment Okay, so on the other side you perform your experiment We do basically here interference measurements details do not matter so much at the moment Yeah, with a certain scale a and calculate the correlation functions and by mapping the correlation functions to the constraints We can learn this effective sine Gordon Hamiltonian. Okay, this is basically the workflow that we were performing Okay, so What did we do? So far that the results I will show you today are actually I Actually obtained using some numerical simulations. I mean I said we we don't need numerical simulations But so far We we tested basically this procedure on numerical simulations on the sine Gordon field theory in a certain in a certain limit Because this was much cleaner so to say in an experiment even though I'm the experimentist Okay, so what what are you doing? What do you do? You basically want to learn the Hamiltonian and now what we wanted to look at is what is the Hamiltonian as a function of Measurement scale. Yeah, so you do some numerical simulation This numerical simulation has some lattice scale a uv and now you do a coarse-graining basically of your results and As a function of the coarse-graining We do basically the Hamiltonian learning. Okay, and And this is these are the results so in the upper plot what you see the learned couplings of of our Effective field theory and they are normalized to the values that we know because now it's numeric So we know the value so we can basically normalize to our expectation and in the lower graph what you see this is what we call reduced chi squared This is basically Telling us how well did this like variational finding of the optimal parameters work? Okay, and This and both these quantities we plot as a function of the pixel size so basically of the of the coarse-graining size so what you see is Starting from a certain scale which is like on the order of twice or three times or like up. No It's actually eight times the so to say this a uv sorry for this like different notations here Yeah, suddenly our field theory learning works because like below that scale what you see is basically lattice effects Yeah, you see that this was done numerically on the lattice But the field theory description basically works starting from a certain scale So you see because like chi squared is basically equal to one Yeah, and what you see is that like the learned couplings coincide with the exact couplings that we put in This works until basically here so here here still chi squared is within the arrow bar equal to one But what you see on on the on the higher part here basically is that the learned couplings do not coincide Anymore with the except couplings that we put in but the coupling is basically flowing with length scale Which is somewhat reminiscent of like a flowing coupling if you do a renormalization group analysis of the field theory So there's more details to that and also a bit of analytics Concerning this in the paper that I would like cite you later So but you see we now have a method basically with which we can deduce something like a flow of Interaction constants as a function of the length scale that we are looking on it And so we can make basically study this are G type of flow basically of the of the interaction constants in our system Yeah, and then you see if you go to longer scales Okay, certainly it does not work anymore But at some point if the if the coarse-graining scale comes on the scale of your physics Okay, if you wash out everything with your coarse-graining that that maybe the description does not work anymore I think is also sensible Okay, let's but now okay now what we did is we took an answer to Hamiltonian From which we knew it should work and we basically found it works and we analyzed the couplings But it was already discussed this morning I think that like maybe sometimes you also want to put your answers as in terms of like what operators should I put yeah And this in some discussion this was coined like a discovery mode of our of our methods so to say Yeah, so what do we do we basically we write down in ansatz Okay, so this the details so to say do not matter But in a way what we do is we write down in ansatz and here the interaction potential V We now basically test different interaction potentials V Yeah, and we see how well does the word the learning work Okay, so what you see here is basically this reduced chi squared again as a fun Not as a function, but like for different Interaction potentials V. Okay, and the sign Gordon theory which I did used before for doing the learning is basically the cosine phi here and For us so to say the most relevant to compare is actually the phi squared because phi squared would be basically a simple non interacting theory It would be just like Gaussian theory and this is something you want to exclude if you want to Call your system maybe strongly correlated for example Yeah, so what you see here is you you will see soon three types of markers and these markers are basically for different regimes It has a bit to do with with like coupling strength and temperature does not matter so much But what you see is like for the two white markers basically For these two parameters the learning also works for only using a phi squared potential So this data is basically consistent with using a Hamiltonian, which just has quadratic So no interaction just a marshal theory However for q is equal to 3.2. This does not work at all Yeah, so we basically saw that like this this this data here is not consistent with using a quadratic theory Yeah, however if we use the cosine I mean the cosine always includes the phi squared so to say so you will get fitting here as well However, this this data can all also be represented by the using the cosine Potential yeah, and then you see okay. It depends on for the for the different potential So you see that like the basically the periodicity does not fit here very well So you get like a better fitting but not still good Yeah, okay, and then we can we can do this a bit more systematically So now what you see is to reduce chi squared as a function of this coupling coupling ratio q and you see For the blue markers is again the fight Fight to the two basically five squared theory that we used you see that there is a whole region Where basically the fitting does not work but for the red blood the red blood markers or the cosine theory it works everywhere and Actually the region that we marked here in gray is not marked by us by hand so to say but in gray color What you see is the magnitude of fourth order connected correlation functions So a measure for basically having a non Gaussian state and you see that this very nicely Coincides with the region where the learning with the fight squared potential does not work anymore This was very easy to say satisfying for us to see this was like we were very happy to see that Okay, good Basically this was the results I wanted to show you Concerning this part Yeah, because I saw in the paper there is much more, but I think this is this is basically I think you got now you got now the right the right flavor Unfortunately, so we also did this with some experimental data and it works However, we are still a bit limited by resolution resolution So we are more on the on the right side of the first plot. Yeah, so it works But higher resolution would certainly be nice and higher statistics as well But we are working on that and the other thing is Also the numerical data. I showed you so far was all in a regime where classical statistical description Is still working so it was rather rather effective field theory learning than effective quantum field theory learning, okay? But we are working currently on the experiment on methods also to bring these systems in regime where quantum fluctuations actually might play a role and The biggest killer so to say is temperature. So to at which temperature. Can you prepare those systems in a thermal like state? And for this I want to just so this is just a short teaser and just short Advertisement and just like something to think about for the last two minutes Okay, so how can we go more quantum or how can we go towards quantum states? Or how can we create like lower temperature states? So what we have as I said is we have two tunnel coupled basically Well, yeah with a tunnel coupling J and on-site interaction. So how do you how do you create those systems in a thermal state? How it was done basically Let's say historically or still done But this is a very efficient way is what you do is you prepare a thermal gas in a single well Yeah, and now you split this thermal gas into a double well system already Yeah, this we can do with high with a high level of control And then you cool down by evaporative cooling Yeah, so you blow away the hottest atoms and you cool down in the Bose-Einstein condensate state basically And then what happens is you will get basically a thermal state in this double well Where the temperature of this relative degree of freedom is basically governed by the temperature of the of the density degree of freedom So after some degree of freedom, okay? This is nice. This works very efficiently. You get very nicely firm at states However, the temperature of this some degree of freedom of the density is quite high This is the limitation I presented to you another way of preparing the systems This could lead actually to to new regimes or to like colder effectively colder systems So what you do here is you? prepare the thermal gas again in the single well and then you cool it down in the single well to the Bose-Einstein condense Vc state and then you do a slow splitting, okay, if you are so to say coming from the business of squeezing and entanglement in atomic condensates this was basically already the you know This was already basically the technique used by Marcus Oberthaler 2008 to create spin squeezing in a in a multi-well potential of Atomic bc's yeah, but there it was really like single mode bc's like just in the double well But but here we are using this technique basically now for our 1d coupled wires Now and this because like you know like basically you can see that like that the ground state of this with repulsive Interaction and finite tunneling coupling will feature some number and spin squeezing So it can feature entanglement and actually it was shown that like This entanglement or like every every amount of spin squeezing will directly translate of of a low into a lower Effective temperature in a pre-fermalized state and this were now many buzzwords But if you're interested into it You can either read this publication with which just appeared in PRX or you can just come to me after the talk And I'm happy to also tell you some more details what we actually really did in this paper. Yeah Okay, so with this Let me also acknowledge the people in Involved in this work. So as I said the hard work in in a way the Calculation so the RG stuff and so on was not done by me But was done by robot form like first mostly of by robot odd and torsten zache and this was basically a big Collaboration with Hannes Pichler and Peter Zoller and from the Vienna side with Amin, Sebastian Erne and Jörg Schmidmeier And the other people on there on the right side are basically people doing the work In the in the laboratory as well from the from the last project I showed you and if you're interested in what we what we plan also in the future to do Venkat is here. Yeah, the poster yesterday. He's also happy to talk about that Okay, with this let me summarize The first learning task I showed you was concerned with like how can we create? with basically feedback control optimal optic Optimal optical potentials. That's always not so easy And the second part was concerned with doing Hamiltonian learning for quantum field theories and with this I want to thank you for your attention Of the conformal field theory. Who you know you What do you mean with that? Sorry? Yeah No, no, I don't I I mean I I think I roughly get what you mean But no, we are really looking, you know for an effective description of our system and We really are after the after just the effective description Yeah, so this is actually I think I think this is Concerning Klein Gordon, for example, this is effectively what I show you here I mean or like basically on that slide, you know as a function of Q So, okay, I will start a bit slower So if you if if you write down the microscopic Hamiltonian basically of two bows of gases in a time in a in a double Well, okay, and then this was basically a paper by Polkoff-Nikov-Demler and Chris Krizev in like 2008 Then you can show under some approximation in some second-order perturbation basically neglecting some terms blah blah blah you can show that this system maps on to sign Gordon Yeah, but at this point it was not at all clear if all these approximations hold and in which it's with in which regimes It's clear and so all the works that were done before were basically surprising in that respect that it works over such a large area And what I show you here basically is here that like true sign gone So to say with the cosine potential it's only needed here where you have the gray area Otherwise, it's either a mass full theory with just a phi squared or it's you know, it's Yeah, use these things to find how to measure fundamental constant Yeah, yeah, no these things let's talk about these things. So no, it's very nice But so you mean like of QCD or so No If no, I don't yeah, I mean like if okay, let me put it like this if someone in that If if someone has an experiment that can access scales where QCD is the is a good effective theory Yeah, so I mean that I say these are bosons which live at a certain position in space It's also just true until a certain scale at some point QCD might be the right theory But so if someone has an experiment working on the on the right scale and can measure the Relevant correlation functions describing basically the fields appearing in the in the Hamiltonian then maybe you can use it Yeah, but I think they have better methods most likely in the QCD regime No, no, no question Or this was not very clear. So how you do this course granny different scales of the correlations Okay, this is this is okay. This is very this is so an experiment. Let me say let me start with experiment It's like supernatural I mean if you do if you do microscopy the size of the lens and the focal length of your lens defines Some some resolution limit. Okay, so there and then you have a camera with which you record and this has a pixel size So this very naturally gives you a coarse graining of what is happening, right? And in the numerics is just I mean the numerics is calculated on on a certain lettuce And then we binarized it new basically we introduced new pixels or you smooth it out with a Gaussian kernel that you just like you know Like convoluted and then this gives you a new scale which how many or correlations and you need Yeah, this is yeah, super. Thanks. This is a I mean is a very subtle but Very good question. So Okay, I mean I did not go in too much to detail how we how how we anyway get the constraints So what you do is the following you take your ansatz Hamiltonian you promote it on that scale are a where you work And now the question is how get how do you get constraints on your correlation functions? So what you do is you take your ansatz Hamiltonian and then you calculate the commutator of this thing with some observable okay, and The expectation value of this You know is Zero because I said we are in a firmate state and You know a commutator of age with any observable is zero because this is time time term evolution basically So and what this I mean, maybe I so what this is basically what what age? Commutator with some observer gives you is a basically a sum of some correlation functions now again Which are weighted somewhat by the interaction constants So by just using one of these observables you get will get a sum of correlation functions And these you have to measure okay now you can ask what's over what observables should I use? Yeah, best you use for example first Which are basically compatible with the symmetries that you write into your Hamiltonian otherwise these are non-trivial zeros Basically, but how many you should use I cannot give you a recipe in in general so you should use different ones and And so that you basically I think sample well enough like the terms so to say that you also have in your Hamiltonian So you should also have some high so I don't think you should use things that only give you second-order correlation functions Because if you have interaction terms in your Hamiltonian, then you should also sample higher ones But I mean we write this also explicitly in the paper There are some guiding principles that you can follow but I cannot prove you what you should use so you should basically use different types of correlation functions and So far what I showed you here is only using this fine, right? I told you there's the relative phase and there's also the relative atom number in The classical statistical regime that we were in those two factorized basically because you have only pi squared and the rest so to say However, if you go eventually in a quantum regime Yeah, then you will all then they do not factorize anymore So you will also have to measure correlations of pi and you will have to measure correlations of pi and Face yeah, and there are methods for the covariance matrix for this system already But we are also I could not show because of time, but we are also working on methods how to measure General correlation functions of pi and pi index permit by using some generalized Puvm type of measurements basically so by measuring both in the same experimental realization. I hope this No, we do some type of heterodyne. I would say let's put it like this. So you really can measure both quadratures X and P in the same experimental realization We will get in some noise from the heterodyne measurements of to say but you can measure them both as a function And then you can do really all the correlation functions up to any order. Okay. I might ask Follow a question to this so now now we understood a bit better all of these works at first It was a bit of secure. Yeah But but so in case in case you want to prepare then a state, which is which is not a thermal state Uh-huh as you as you from at the end Then this post processing needs to be really modified, right? Thanks, you're I mean thanks to all the question. You're basically asking all the rest said I did not show so So we stole basically one of the techniques that were already there for Hamiltonian learning This is for thermal or like basically a steady state you can use that the commutator is zero But you can also do quenches So you can also go you can prepare a state do a quench and what you then use is basically energy conservation The energy conservation also gives you constraints on your correlation functions Because it tells you what you have to do then is you have to basically measure the energy So measure the Hamiltonian Yeah in every time step and you know that the right Hamiltonian gives you conserved energy So and actually there are new subtleties coming in for the field theory because suddenly what happens if energy is not conserved Because excitations flow into a regime that you cannot measure Yeah, microscopically it's clear energy is conserved But here even though energy is conserved it could be that like your field theory Hamiltonian Shows you that energy is not conserved because excitations are flowing into a regime that you cannot observe And then you would need new types of descriptions in terms of open systems or whatever Or like if someone has a good idea what type of description you need. I'm super happy to talk about this I find this super interesting, but I I mean I'm an experimentalist Just thinking about these things. So yeah, super. Thanks for the question, but you can adapt us We actually we have in the paper. We have actually also Some analytics concerning quench data Thanks a lot how it works. Yeah, you're welcome. Thanks for the question


Yeah So we will start with the coffin and then we'll go into the All the details we'll cover everything. It's just the sequence My name is Abdul Rahman and this is half is Tameem we both are from the Islamic Society of East pain Fremont and We have a goosal facility there. Maybe we can show a bit of that and then jump so the facility at the Lauri Masjid we at the at the back of the the facility we have this room called the goosal facility Basically, it has a cold storage for three deceased people to store to be stored it it has a room which has ventilations and Drainage systems clean, you know, it's a clean dialed surface with a sink at the corner that you see and then there's a table with has a with has a Pathways on both sides for the water to drain down or down the table Into a hole which will go into the sink so basically we have the deceased placed on the table and then we move the table almost close to the end of The sink and then we have the water facility to give Goosal and also shroud after that So and also you see others and there is this Thing for heavy individuals we can use this motorized kind of a thing which has three strips Which we can put under the deceased and lift them, you know via motor It's a motorized lift. So this is the facility at Lauri Masjid and we have been giving goosal for many years So this is something we want to share with the community all are welcome Anytime to come and give goosal with that said I'm going to jump into the coffin Just because we want to lay the cloths on the table. So, you know So kaffan, let me go to this for men. It's three pieces of unstitched cloth There is no stitches It's three unstitched piece of cloths. The biggest one is chadar The biggest one is the chadar, which is the biggest piece of cloth, which is at the bottom most The next one this one is is our so you see there that is already laid Which is the biggest piece of cloth on the table? The next one is Is our which is like the the bottom half of the of the Kaffan so so that's the piece of cloth there So we can lay this out So we are going to place the head on that side so we have the bottom half of the you know These are on this one. So this is a second piece of Unstitched cloth There's no stitching. It's just a cut you can get from any fabric store of a good size and that To work fine for anyone kaffan And the third piece is a come come ease and if you look at that if you look at the come ease or the shirt It's a rectangular piece of cloth and that has a slit So basically what we are going to do is We're going to lay it on this side, which would be The head this way and we would take the top part away for this at this point so that we can place the individual I Can place the individual where the slit is you know and then cover the top part through the slit so so and then the most important part is the Tire of the ties so there are three tie tie ropes That should generally go at the bottom so Yeah, so just to show how it is. It's just a tie rope. It's just a you know tie rope So basically it is placed in three different places the center One on the head and one of the feet Yeah, so so So we would we would So we would use this we would lay down the lay this kaffan inside this on a separate table Because after the washing when you dry, that's when we bring him and lay it on the so this is a so this is a grave that you see in five pillars Basically, they have a concrete liner called grave liner and also there is a concrete slab that goes on top on top and then The cost is around $2,000 for a cost of a grave site At livermore and then there's an additional cost of 3,900 Which is which includes the endowment fee the grave liner the concrete lid marker to put a name and when someone passed away And the opening and the closing cost so all those add up to All those add up to 3,900 plus 2,000 which will be 5,900 for one grave site For an for an adult and on a weekend. It'll be $500 more because of the $500 more for labor which is So if you pass on a weekend, it is $500 more and some Symmetries like loan symmetry they mandate not I mean we don't Use this casket or cardboard carrier into the grave But in some symmetry they mandate use of a cardboard Wooden wooden casket Like loan tree or some of a symmetry. They say they won't let but you could request them to not have the wooden casket That would cost a $500. So this is the basic things about the grave and the coffin now. Let's jump into the actual process or couple of process That is followed in California So when a person is sick for a long time, you know, and he passes away We generally categorize them as natural death because he's been sick ill for a long time or elderly gentlemen's mostly And also youngsters who are sick for a long time. It's a natural death So and then there's another category where it's unnatural that unnatural deaths are car accidents or someone passes away at home So the first to think when someone passes away In a home or a car accident the first thing is the the paramedics come So if it is at a home You have to call the paramedics 9-1-1 they come in and they check an Individual for their pulse and make sure they are alive if it was if they are alive They are taken to a hospital if not if they are declared dead they call cops and the cops and the paramedics come in and then Call the coroners Call the coroners to make sure call the coroners To take the individual to a coroner to do an autopsy to find the cause of death So if a coroner comes into play or he comes into action because of an unnatural death They are going to do an autopsy on the individual to find the cause of death because in California a doctor has to certify the cause of death So when there's an unnatural then you have to go to a coroner to an autopsy to find the cause of death It's a do a DUI or drugs or any kind of a thing. So the coroners will cut open the chest All the way to the bottom Take out some body parts take out fluids as well and just evaluate What was the cause of death and also they do a cut over the head? All the way and then they sue the on the body after the and then the doctor certifies the cause of death as Something other than if it is non-alcohol or alcohol or drugs or whatever Because no doctor in case of an unnatural death will come forward to certify an individual So that's a that's a reason when you have some individuals at home who have an history of sickness like high blood pressure It's good to have medical records and and visits with doctor So you know for sure you can convince those paramedics that this individual had a history of Illness and there's a doctor who is vouched for and they did visit doctor Because sometimes people don't visit doctors for a long time. The doctors are not in a position to certify Or they were they're not going to certify So it's a good practice to keep in touch with the doctors for people who are sick and also have the documentation this way you can prevent You know a coroner taking away the body and doing autopsy on you So this is something to keep in mind But whenever there's an unnatural death you have to call the paramedics and call 911 It's it's a it's a required Now when an adult pass you get a death certificate same with the natural or unnatural when it's when a small baby Loss of a baby before or during delivery. This is another category of death Less than 20 weeks. You don't need a paperwork to bury for any burial of a deceased You need to have a burial permit So in case of a stillbirth less than 20 weeks, you don't need a burial permit. So you can just Burry and they are very small you can do it in the backyard or any play any vacant land you can bury them You have to ask for for a doctor to release the that individual because they are very they're smaller than your palm You know and then 20 weeks or above is a stillbirth and you will have to get a paperwork Which is $500 not too expensive and then you can find places in Sacramento to to bury them in case of Five-pillars they charge 1200 for an you know for a child. They don't have a special Prize for you know so these are the kinds of Loss of an individual and for any case except for the 20 weeks You would need a burial permit and the burial permit requires a doctor a doctor comes into play because he has to give the cost of death Or a coroner will give a cost of death and that's when a burial permit is issued And with the burial permit you can go to five pillars or anywhere to bury a deceased Couple of do's and don'ts Yeah, this is something I mentioned Update updated medical records can help you know save the coroner's autopsy. That's important Don't leave parents alone. We have seen cases where parents are left alone and they pass away three days four days No one's there and it can get pretty bad students and Uber drivers sometimes they go in night doing over and they pass away they And so they may not get an Islamic burial If they don't carry with them an identity identification which states that I'm a Muslim or please contact You know a Muslim friend So it is always advised for students and Uber drivers to carry Something that tells that they need you know in case of an emergency they can get a right kind of an attention and Then some people demand they want to transport their disease to back in the Pakistan or Bangladesh and for that there's Embalming is a process that is required to transport a deceased or transport them by air Embalming is basically they take out the fluids of the body and They fill it with formaldehyde and formaldehydes are carcinogenic and also the the purpose of it is to Slow down the decaying process. So the the disease don't decay quicker So formaldehyde and this is something we recommend not to do and do a local burial Again, we just advise them. It's up to them. It can cost up to $15,000 to transport a deceased to a different part of the world Okay, and then I just used to mention about Singapore tour. It's a small country. They don't they allow only burial of naturalized citizens There is no place for outsiders. So in those in in Singapore, you'll have to transport it If you're not a citizen because of the space, there's no there's no place for burial in Singapore So this is some basic things Just to keep in mind about updated medical records very important if you have anyone sick in family and that can save Trip to coronas and also the top C So with that said any questions so far and then we can jump into Practical yeah, so let's go into the go so Yeah, so the MCC website has contact numbers if you go similarly the Islamic Society of East Bay website has it if you even call your Imam or the local Masjid that's the place to get it right away and There's a contact for Imam Siraj myself and for sisters. There's sister Rihanna marker and many people know so So that's the website is the first place to go or call the Imam Yes, so there was a reason that it was an elderly woman but passed away at home, you know So they do a lot of they ask a lot of questions and then see the guy state If there's an elderly women or think they let easily go with few questions still it's questions were asked and the coroners were called and within a You know, you know with a close call with them. They make it call whether to release it at home itself or Transport it to coroners. So there is an investigation if it's a young person You know because of acidic or some kind of a thing obese person There will be a lot of investigations and if they have to take it there is no way out, but you can convince them We are Muslims. We don't Drink alcohol. We don't take drugs. We are you know, we can convince a lot But then and that's only so much you can do it's up to the coroners to make the call We have got some exemptions just making those calls But in some cases where there was a car accident Tariq Khan Zada was one of them very well-known personality He was helping on a on a on a freeway to 37 at 2 a.m. To help someone and he got hit by another car in the back So he passed away So there are many instances of that Where if it is a gunshot wound where a lot of Muslims they go encounter with cops and They are shot and it has to go through Coroners there's no and When they come when the coroner's cops comes and the coroner's it comes from the coroners They are lightly sutured with a lot of gaps and so we just take care to gently use, you know, not too much water Yeah, so they are sutured a sutured into a little bit larger like one-half inch gaps You know, so if you give a go so the blood is going to Come out when it gets warm when you use a warm lukewarm water the blood is going to come out But we just make sure we don't shake too much or you know, we just make sure the basics of the go so is complete So those are basic things and when you do a paperwork For a deceased you have to make sure the social security and the names match of the deceased, you know Some people have four words and then you have to make sure you have the right first name last name and middle And then the socials otherwise it gets rejected in the sense. They can't find a match against the social security it can delay the the go so and the burial and Also knowing also making sure the doctor is available and he's reachable Because those can delay the burial permit So if you can't get the burial permit on time, we can't release the body or you know, we can't bury Yeah, who has been giving care to the patient and when the patient pass away make sure you talk to the doctor and you tell them See we do Islamic burial and it's quick. We have to do so you expect a call from the funeral director and Kindly attend the call because they have to classify or they have to state the cost of death So they are called twice first to get the information then they are put in computer system And then when it comes in they have to authorize. Yes, this is correct the second time so if the if the doctors are in In rounds or away on vacation and if you if you're not communicated then it can delay it can get it can delay the The burial permit and you can't give go so so it's good practice to just be Just communicate with the doctors when such a situation arise and Like I said the name the social security number Also Basic information their parents and where they lived that's good enough That's good enough for a for a funeral home to send a send a hers to release From wherever so what happens is just to go to the process right the final step before we jump in so you call the funeral home and And we help you with that and you just fill up some details You are giving you're giving permission to release the the individual to this funeral home So the funeral homes come to the home or a hospital or a coroner's and they pick up the deceased And they come to the must eat lowering must eat and they place them in the one of the three storage facility We have and while they are working on the burial permit. We can give go so and You know and and the Strouding And then keep it ready when the burial permit comes we take them to the cemetery The house the house is sent by the funeral home. So the cost of the funeral home is around the 2800 You know $2800 just to for the funeral home to send the horse work on the burial permit and work on the death certificate eventually which you will receive after two weeks and Pick them pick them up and You know transfer them to the cemetery So around 2800 that includes some donation to the mosque as well that includes and then the cemetery cost is around 5900 so that's this is the basic process the process is very simple It takes 15 20 minutes in the morning whenever the person individual passes away 15 20 minutes you can get within two hours a person to come and pick up in some Cases the family wants them in their home for a day So you just make a work it out with the funeral home Please come tomorrow morning because we have guests coming home to see the deceased And so they can hold into the in the house for a for less than a day And nothing nothing harm will happen.  They do heavy breathing Those are the signs when a person is going to go away leave this world and also it's good to Give some some some always give a few drops of some some during the time to help ease the Passing and and they're not dry and you know, they're not dry So those are the some basic things and you can ask with your olama or in things to do when someone is sick or close to Their death. So with that said We can jump on to the practical aspect of giving Goosal basically goosal means is washing washing of a of a deceased. I have this mannequin which is made It is assumed that it has yeah, basically So it comes from a hospital comes in a in a bag hospital bag sometimes they're double double wrapped They have a hospital gowns. Oh another thing to important that that needs to be mentioned here when a person pass away in a hospital with a lot of tubes is good to tell the Nurses there to take away whatever is possible the tubes from the individual Some the tubes can go all some tubes go in and they they have a mechanism to bloat. I mean kind of a Balloon to to get attached to internally. So those pipes won't come out So I think those things you can cut it off at the mouth or But any things like that can be removable you can ask them and they can help you because we are not expert when we Give you know, so we don't know exactly what is going on But it's good to get and get those as much as taken away from their body easily with the help of a nurse before they come to us So with that said We are going into the actual Process so the first thing what we do they come in complete bag like I said So we place them on a table and before that there are a couple of Couple of things to follow Follow in the goosal firstly the satir the satir is the area between the navel and below the knee That area will be covered all the time at no point of time is The satir not covered so from start even before on the bag itself we start covering the satir Second important thing is no recitation of Quran in the while giving goosal because it's dirty place It's all with a lot of blood and all those things so we have to clean them up So no recitation of Quran while giving goosal process Thirdly you can make Dua Allahoom Makfirlahu walla forgive him You know Allah forgive us Allahoom Makfirli these are Duas you can recite while doing goosal The most important thing is any Imperfections or shortcomings that you see on the individual for example if it is a coming from a coroner you would see all those Gasly sites of cuts right you can't reveal those to any of your spouses or any individual You have to those kind of a missing limb or anything or whatever you see any imperfections or shortcomings that you see on the individual For people who are giving goosal. It's the family members who are giving goosal They have to keep it to themselves till till they die as a manna It cannot be they can't share it with their with spouses or with children's or anyone how he looked any good things You can share but anything like this you keep it to yourself till you die With that said the hadith says 40 major sins are forgiven for people who participate in the goosal So who can give goosal only the for a man It is it's a man the closest father mother brother. Oh, sorry father son brother Those are the people who can give goosal to the to them the male folks and women give goosal to the women Only if a child is really small and they are not age mature The mom or a dad can give goosal to the baby That said if you can't find any men folks. It's a pious People of the from the community can come and give or you can choose anyone who are pious They can give goosal, but the priority is for the family members So we encourage all the family members to come and participate because it's their last obligation and Service or a kid with kid with to the the individual who's passing away So the family members are you know are participating. So so no quran dua is okay And the satir is covered all the time And then basically three things to keep in mind istinja washing of the private parts wudu And body body bath. So these are the three things that you do In a in a bigger picture for goosal washing So this is similar to how we give goosal to ourselves for juma or anything You have to wash cleanse all the dirt areas the dirt You know istinja and then wudu and body bath. So this is a basic thing So with that said So we have the the body the body is in a bag body bag So Let's come here So with these clothes on with the satir covered we undo all the clothes And so basically with the satir covered we take away all those all these clothes everything the bags all the tags The you know all the tags All the bandages that you can see and also the diapers everything. So what we do is basically If there's anything below we cut open with a scissor on the the clothes just to make it easy to remove the clothes from the individual And also all the bandage anything that doesn't come out or a tube, you know We can we can see if there is already a clamp sometimes close to the mouth. We can just cut on the top. It's not going to Cause we also take the opinion of the family members. Is it going to be a problem? Do you know what is happening? Is it going to cause, you know, it would be some ivy thing or it's not a big deal So so once those are cut off and taken off Anything anything like a ring which is removable we take it out and dentures we take it out But generally when a person passes away rigor mortis sets in So the body gets firm So you can't open your jaws or things so easily to remove even dentures So if you have dentures even in the hospital, it's a good time to take it out when they are still, you know Oxygen in the body. So with that said we remove everything Um and with the stutter on With the stutter on and the first thing what we do is we will Press the abdomen three times So there are people around the around the table They help lift him a bit with the head and the shoulder and press the abdomen three times The idea behind that is any kind of uh Thing that you want to take it out of the system. You can do that with a gentle massage for of three times So before doing this we make a knee of giving go soul to the mayut and generally the mayut is placed with kibla facing the kibla in our facility So basically all the dirt in the body, whatever can come out with that pressure can come out, you know, and then we start with the istinja So like I said the first thing is the istinja. So we we give clothes. So if you have to touch Clean the private parts. You can't do it with your fingers or gloves So even before this, right?  We have to protect ourselves and as a as a process We have to wear it. So with that said the Um So So istinja, right?  So while doing that, we also try to help Split this so that we have clearance just to Cover everything not just the private parts even the groin area and all the inner thigh area All the dirt area and complicated area. We just clean it up when while we are there So the idea is they should not be stained You'll know if the water is clean or this is clean, then we know it's clean, you know So we we use and throw away all these small clothes small troubles To a point where we feel good that it's clean on the top On the top and the groins and all those Then we turn always So we turn him now we are we have to do istinja of the back side So what we do is we have people turning him this way And there are people standing there and cleaning up the backside of the private part So while doing that, we also sometimes Lift the leg up just to get some clearance. So everything is cleaned in the back So all that is cleaned and then we also cover the lower back, you know Lower back and all those areas could be if they are wearing diapers It can be soiled as well So we cover all those area around the diaper area the lower back everything It's clean. We do the same thing from this side as well So one side from the right side and then one from the left side. So with that said The istinja is complete So we press the abdomen first and then the istinja is done So with that done we remove the gloves of the individuals because it's not clean anymore So they change their gloves or they can wear double or triple and they take it out Now we go to the wudu And the wudu is basically the faraid of wudu So oh even before that right before going there. We also make sure as part of the istinja, right? I make sure that the nose is all clean as well, you know, a lot of blood and Fluids might be around the mouth area, right? So before giving the wudu, I just make sure we use the cotton roll it up roll into the nose Take away all the dirt that are easily Removal all the blood stains.  We can cover the nose so that the water doesn't go inside So there's enough water on the face To do the wudu of the face Once the wudu of face is done We do the right arm three times below the elbow three times Yeah, same thing like how we do wudu three times on the left hand so right and then left Then the masa of the head One time and then the right foot above the ankles and the left foot So once that is done The wudu is complete. So we started off with the pressing of abdomen Ishtinja and wudu wudu is done with the satark covered and if this cloth is dirty soiled We replace it even before wudu Before wudu if it is very dirty we replace it and do the wudu That said the last But one is the body bath. The body bath the idea is to wash the right side of the body And then the left side. So when we do the right side We do this on the top and then we turn him do it in the back And then the left side and the left side back So for that we have three four people we someone focuses on the in the face neck underarms And anytime with the private area you use a cloth You can do we you can do it just with the gloves You have to use a cloth so you don't feel the the private Touching of the private parts use cloths for all those private areas washing washing the leg on the right Then we turn him And then we wash everything so the whole body every nook and corner of the body has to be wet So everything we can do a lot of spray or you have a flow water flow or we have lots of Jugs of waters that we just pour and there are four or five people there everyone is Focusing on giving a very good Very good bath. So the right side and the right side back and the left side and left side back three times So with that that completes washing and then we press The abdomen one more time This time the voodoo is not mandated. It's just a must-know. We just press the abdomen But we also flush in some water just if anything happens, but we don't have to give voodoo And the last part of this goosal is Is We we have camphor camphor is Is something you can pass it on here You can smell this open this and so what we do is we put this camphor in the water It gives you that kind of a A fragrance that is that hides all the You know foul smells of disease So it's just camphor karpur, you know, it's very strong and So we powder a few tablets of those into water and we just run them. So the body stays fresh and you know with that kind of So generally they have used leaves and you know bay leaves some people So you can get them in the stores online, maybe we can mix that with the water and then use them After that, we just dry him up completely by the way, right? The roof is the soul is still alive. So he can listen to all of us It's just the physical body that is departing And the the roof the soul is still alive and he can hear all what we speak in You know, he can hear everything So we dry him up completely everything the table as well the back the front everything is dry And it's the table is so dry and we move him into the the the casket which has the coffin Which is shrouding part. So that completes washing. So any questions with washing so far And then the last part is the shrouding part, which is just wrapping Any other questions Is the is the order important like you have to do the voodoo first and then washing can it be the other way around? Yeah, I know the sequence is that is sequence that we should do for ourselves also that is sunnah The order is also sunnah See, even if a blood stain is there, right? You fell down blood and you are salad time You need to clear all the blood and stains, right? Even if you vomited you can't You need to clean them up and then so voodoo first and then voodoo Yeah, yeah, first cleaning that's how yeah, these two also voodoo first voodoo next I have a good point So with that said Shrouding so we come to the point where shrouding we want to do this after the salah No, I think by the time it'll be five minutes and we'll wrap it up after the salah Ah Please don't leave any gaps keep the heels on the lines But Allah Assalamu alaikum We have just we'll wrap it up in five minutes Yeah, Assalamu alaikum brothers, um, there's a virtual symmetry program Starting soon in like next five minutes Uh in the conference room in the conference room, please please make sure you join. It's very beneficial a lot of good things happening Insha Allah So so we are So let's this is the coffin part. So like we mentioned earlier I don't know if you guys you you started a little bit late. I think so that we are going to the shrouding the shrouding basically involves Yeah So that's here quickly so For shrouding we use three unstitched piece of cloth It's like a blanket the biggest piece is a blanket kind of a blanket chadr. You see there that's laid there It's a rectangular piece. It's a big piece The biggest which is at the bottom most But even before this right we have three tie ropes We place three tie ropes one by the leg one in the midsection and one by the head So there are three tie ropes That are placed and then the biggest Sheet is is laid down and then You get the the second sheet is called is our is basically for the the lower portion of the For the individual So you can see there on the table And then on top is kamiz which is like a shirt. It's a rectangular piece With a slit you can see there the slit is where the head rests So there is there's a rectangular piece with a slit in the middle So the back part the back the one Half of the sheet covers the back and the other one on the front with a slit See here So this is like this It's like a with a slit here on one side And then it's a rectangular piece the bottom covers the bottom and then He just placed the the top part on on front So the sattar at this point right the sattar is still covered So now we have dried After the washing we are completely dried the the deceased and then place them in the in the in the casket in the cardboard And The first thing we do Can you turn it? Yeah, so after the washing after the washing this is the question is about how do you dry them? We have a lot of towels. So we literally go and dab on the on the individual every corner and also turn him And dry the back the underarms all parts of body with the sattar still on You know, but when you're drying the the private area, we still cover with the cloth not with the fingers So we dry thoroughly The table is dry as well. And then we shift The the deceased onto the the the cardboard casket, which which is already laid with the sheets So the biggest one is the bottom The second one is the is our which is the bottom For to cover the like a lungi And then you have the commies like this which is So at this point, right If you see there is a turkey towel below this which is covering the sattar all along And now once this is covered we remove the The turkey towel or the one which you used to cover the sattar the sattar is between the navel and the knee below the knee So at this point what we do is we you know when we do So we anoint with the seven or eight areas of the of the body with some ether or Camphor with little water When a person prostrates in front of Allah the sujood while doing sujood the areas that touch the ground Which would be your forehead the nose tip the two palms The two knees and the back parts of the fingers right those areas we just anoint with With a perfume perfume water, which is with You know the camphor Our perfume so we just apply on the forehead The nose tip the two palms right and left right knee left knee and then the back of the So at which point of time we start wrapping Okay, and people sometimes use little jams on this or the ether they can apply So while wrapping the bottom part so the top is covered right the kameez is already covered the isar this one the left part goes Here and it wraps below his leg like this tight and then You have this one And then the this the right side goes on top of it. See how it is wrapped tightly so in a similar fashion Yeah So in a similar fashion we do the the biggest piece the biggest piece also goes under his leg and Back here it goes tucked in like a bed sheet tuck on a on a bed So it gets nicely tucked and then The right side of it comes on top of this On top of this and it gets covered thoroughly Now we leave the head so that the Meharam can view After the you know goosal so all the daughters wife Can come and view all the family Brothers and uncles all can view and once the viewing is complete then we wrap the the head as well so all along Just this like I said these this is an unstitched piece of cloth you can get in any fabric store And we have them as well. So we wrap it like this Again the left goes and then the right comes on top and it comes tight like this So at this point we just tie use the tie ropes and use a shoelace kind of a tie so we just Apply so for the head we just put a single knot With a shoelace like this So when they are lowered into the grave you just undo untie and same thing we tie sometimes we tie it Like this together or we tie separate some some some can use this to lower if they are an obese person but And then the midsection is also tight So at this point the goosal and the shrouding is complete You know and two hadis that we generally mention is Visit the grave often Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam said that visit the grave often to remind yourselves of the akira This world is temporary and our permanent aboard is akira that gets reminded the second is for the children For the children if it is a dad who passed away the children to fix once a week in a month To visit the grave because the grave he sold Expects the family members to visit him So Make it a habit to go once a month on a saturday morning with the family all the brothers And the women can read the Quran and send the sawab to the the the deceased So with that that becomes a source of salvation for the the sons And he'll be returned the best son You know for his dad so that's just an hadis And there's a reward for attending the janaza prayer It's a kiraat one one kiraat you get if you attend a janaza prayer One kiraat means it's equal to mount ohad. That's the reward you get while attending a janaza prayer So I recommend everyone to wherever there's a janaza go and join And the second kiraat you get when you go to the cover stand or the cemetery For the deceased and say same of you get another kiraat which is another Mount ohad reward So those are basic things and it's mustahab to take shower For individuals who are given goosal to go home and take shower And then if they decide very far away, you don't have to take shower You can just do vadoo so long as your clothes are clean and you are clean So those are the basic things With the shrouding and then Before this can be tied We take them to a clean room where Quran can be read everyone sits around the family Members read the Quran and they can view them as well And once the viewing is complete then they can cover the face The the most important thing is uh the three questions that get asked in the grave when the person is passed away Amar Rabbuka who's your lord?  What's your religion? Islam is my religion and who is the nabi or the you know the prophet Muhammad? So those are three things which we have to remember ourselves to prepare ourselves in this dunya Because our mouth will not speak. It's the conviction of our heart You know, so those are some reminders for youngsters To prepare ourselves and how do we prepare just to kithmat good deeds collect as much as good deeds Because when we leave we leave behind wealth Family house everything what we take with us is all the good deeds That we do in this dunya. So it's just a Advice for myself and you all So with that, I think we completed The the the washing and the shrouding any questions. I think there's an event happening after this And everyone is welcome if you know there is a friend of yours or someone you know passed away You can come join with them come Have a voodoo and you can participate in the goosal at the mosque All are welcome All right with with that we can close. JazakAllah for coming It was a pleasure being here JazakAllah


You're never going to believe this, or maybe you will, but the Chicago Board of Education is actually considering a proposal to remove school resource officers from its public schools. Does this seem like a good idea to you? Yeah, we didn't think so. And it's important to note that there are some school officials that also think that this is a terrible idea. Take Taft High School, for example. They are actually in favor of more security in their school. Why? Because hundreds of its students have walked out of its classrooms due to safety concerns. When students feel unsafe, they don't learn. It's just that simple. School resource officers risk their lives daily to ensure that our schools are protected. They should be celebrated. They should be thanked, rather than trying to get rid of them. You can read the full story at readalion.com.