Rwy'n gweld gwneud yn gwybod i ei guweithio a'i gweithio gynnog yn gyntafon gyffredinosol, gan gyfaen presyfiadau oedd gwmeliadau a chylegau iddyn nhw i'n cael eu pentyn ymddangos dechrau. Rwy'n gweld i chi i'n gwybod i'r gwirioneddau ymddangos dechrau intefnigol ar gyfer gwasiwn ni. A byddai'n cael digwydd a wedi�flygu ar y cyfran o gynyddswil o ddaidd a'u effaith i'r gymhyself, ac i'n gweld i'r gwirionedd a'u effaith a'u hyry, i'n cael eu cyfraffu I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. In the stage 1 report on the land reform bill it has shown that social rural housing is needed across Scotland and planners have been allowed to group houses and village envelopes to make it easier to supply utilities. The real needs are for houses for tenant farmers and crofters to allow a retailer of agricultural lists on the spot in the places where they live and work. Will the Scottish Government ensure that planning makes real needs, not planning theories unshooted to much of Scotland? I have a great deal of sympathy with the point that the member makes. Our view is that planning authorities should accommodate the needs of people as expressed. We have the independent planning review being undertaken at the present time. I hope that the planning review will address the matter in its report, which should be due some time early in the new year. It is quite right that we need more housing and, to make it happen, we need to ensure that planning regulations are not overzealous. What analysis has the Scottish Government done on planning systems elsewhere that take less time to make decisions? We always look for best practice through our own offices, as well as the professional bodies representing the planning industry in Scotland. Obviously, one of the aspects of the independent planning review will be to receive evidence on where things work better elsewhere and what we can learn from other regimes. We have never taken the view that we get everything absolutely right in Scotland. We can always learn from other people, and that applies to planning, as it does to other aspects of policy. John Scott To ask the Scottish Government when it last met NHS Ayrshire and Arran to discuss primary care out-of-hours services. The report of findings and recommendations of the national review of primary care out-of-hours services was published on Monday 30 November. The purpose of the review was to ensure that out-of-hours services were patient-centred, safe and sustainable as part of our wider reforms of primary care. NHS Ayrshire and Arran representatives contributed to the review, and the review chair and review team from the Scottish Government visited NHS Ayrshire and Arran on 26 June this year as part of the review's national engagement programme. Officials will continue to be in contact with NHS Ayrshire and Arran as we move into implementing the recommendations of the review, and I have recently met the chair and chief executive. John Scott I thank the cabinet secretary for her answer, and the cabinet secretary will be aware that a significant number of GPs in Ayrshire are approaching retirement age. She will also be aware of the difficulty in recruiting young doctors to become GPs in Ayrshire, particularly in the rural areas. The recent suggestion of university bias against such a career path does not help in the situation. Given the likely lack of GP availability for these and other reasons, how does she see a doctor-led out-of-hours services being delivered in Ayrshire in the future? Of course, the member will be aware that all of the pertinent matters that Sir Lewis Richie dealt with in his very, very good report pointed the way to a multidisciplinary team solution, not just in Ayrshire and Arran, but across Scotland, with the focus around the urgent care resource hubs, where urgent care is co-ordinated from the one place. That was with an out-of-hours context, but it has an in-hours application as well. The member will, I am sure, be aware of the nurse-led pilot in Ayrshire. I can tell him that over 2,500 patients were referred to the Ayrshire out-of-hours service and half of them were referred to advanced nurse practitioners. The role of the GP within the multidisciplinary teams will be as a clinical expert supporting the multidisciplinary team. From the feedback of that pilot in Ayrshire, the feedback is very, very positive indeed. It leads the way of how a multidisciplinary team can work to bolster and improve out-of-hours services. I think that the pilot is excellent. I think that we would all commend the work that is being done, but, obviously, demand pressures are increasing all the time on the health service. Can the cabinet secretary please tell the chamber how many more patients are now being treated annually by primary of our services in NHS Ayrnand since the SNP came to office in 2007? The number of patients being treated across the whole of the NHS has continued to increase. Out-of-hours is no exception to that. I will write to the member with the patient numbers for Ayrshire and Arran, but that is why, of course, we need to ensure the sustainability of out-of-hours services going forward, which is why the report from Sir Louis Ritchie is so timely and so pertinent, because it shows that, with the right workforce model, with the right multidisciplinary team, we can provide robust out-of-hours services to what will be a growing number of patients. Also, if we get that right, we can avoid patients going to other parts of the health system, which is obviously something that we want to do. Richard Simpson, can I just point out that it is about NHS Ayrnand in primary care? I welcome the cabinet secretary's responses and I also welcome the Sir Louis Ritchie report, which is obviously critical to care in Ayrshire and Arran and elsewhere going forward. However, could I ask her in the meantime, while we are setting up new pilots for the Sir Louis Ritchie model of which Ayrshire and Arran again has got one of the possible pilots, could I ask her to take a look at the problems that are occurring in Ayrshire and other areas in relation to transport of patients to the more limited number of out-of-hours centres, such as is occurring in Lanarkshire and Tayside? Obviously, we have a debate on primary care next week, where we will be able to explore those issues in more detail, but we will require, while the roll-out of the report recommendations is happening, we will require boards to maintain a robust and sustainable set of out-of-hours arrangements as we move towards a different model of delivery of out-of-hours. I am happy to ensure that Richard Simpson gets an update on the transport issue in advance of the debate next week. To ask the Scottish Government what recent discussions it has had with the road haulage industry regarding reported driver shortages. The Cabinet Secretary for Fair Work, Skills and Training met with the Scottish road haulage group to discuss this matter in March, and that was followed by a meeting with officials in June. My officials also met with Lantra and the road haulage association in the past two months. Skills Development Scotland has been working with the road freight industry partners on developing an invitation to quote for research aimed at gathering evidence on the scale of the shortage in Scotland. The invitation to quote for this work is expected to issue shortly and will inform the development of a skills investment plan for the industry. Finally, I would encourage employers to consider the potential for recruiting former members of the armed forces into the haulage industry, many of whom will have received the industry relevant training and experience that could give them a head start in securing the civilian qualifications that they need. I thank the minister for his reply, and I welcome the action taken to date by Skills Development Scotland. Is the minister willing to discuss with the Cabinet Secretary for Fair Work, Skills and Training the possibility of working in partnership with haulage firms to share the costs of training new drivers, not just in the general haulage sector, but also in the specialised livestock haulage sector, where there is a specific shortage? Yes, I am very happy to initiate those discussions and report back to Mr MacDonald. Thank you. Questions 4 and 5 have not been lodged. In both cases, the members have provided an explanation. To ask the Scottish Government what action it has taken to promote self-help as a form of preventative care. The 2020 vision for health and social care focuses on prevention anticipation and supported self-management. We need to ensure that people can live and die well with whatever health conditions they have. We are working with the Health and Social Care Alliance Scotland. The Alliance developed our self-management strategy, Gone Yourself, and administers the £2 million per annum self-management fund. Our world-leading health literacy action plan, making it easy, supports people to be in the driving seat of their care by building their skills and confidence to use health information. That sits at the heart of our commitment to deliver a safe, effective and person-centred healthcare system. The One Stop Shop in Inverness offers a range of services to adults with autistic spectrum disorder. Because it delies in the budget this year, they are very concerned about the future of the service in Inverness. Can I ask the minister, can the One Stop Shop and its clients continue to count on the support of the Scottish Government? When will they be told that their funding will continue? Of course, the One Stop Shop in Inverness, like the One Stop Shop for people with autistic spectrum disorders, is a matter for health boards. They will be the ones who fund it. Personally, I think that they deliver an excellent service. I visited the one in Aberdeen, and I think that they do a marvellous job. I would hope that health boards would continue to fund them. To ask the Scottish Government whether the savings arising from renegotiating of the price of new hepatitis C medicines will be used to increase the number of people receiving treatment. Our sexual health and blood-borne virus framework, which we published this September, committed us to increasing annual hepatitis C treatment targets to 1,500. However, we were also clear that we would keep that target under review as the price of therapies changed and as more treatments came to the market. The treatment and therapies group, which we established to provide us with expert advice on those matters, will meet later this month to discuss recent developments in that respect. It includes members from NHS boards, procurement and patient organisations. We will consider carefully any advice that the group provides. The Scottish Government recently committed to the elimination of hepatitis C as a public health concern. While this is welcome, in order to do this, we must increase even further the number of people being diagnosed and treated. Will the Minister consider establishing a working group within the new sexual health and blood-borne vessel framework to investigate exactly what steps we need to take to eliminate the virus, given the importance of ensuring that this commitment is realised? The member is, of course, correct that we want to eliminate hepatitis C in Scotland. The number that we are treating has been welcomed by all those involved in the industry. As I said, we have the treatment and therapies group, of which we rely on advice, and we will look forward to the next report. To ask the Scottish Government what it is doing to assist farmers in Scotland. The Scottish Government supports farmers in a range of different ways. We provide around half a billion pounds, £500 million per annum through direct support through the new common agricultural policy, which for the first time will have access for new entrants, and we have a couple of support schemes for both beef and sheep producers. The Scottish rural development programme supports around 11,000 farmers and crofters through the ELFAS scheme and the new multi-million pound beef efficiency scheme that we are introducing as well. Those schemes seek to support Scottish agriculture and to ensure that the sector has a profitable and sustainable future. I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. A recent meeting at Theinston in my constituency, I met with farmers and suppliers. They are expressing their concern that the banks are maybe not taking overdraft and bridging loans for suppliers in particular. They have not met the suppliers to look at this overdraft facility. I know that the cabinet secretary has met the farmers and the bankers to look at this. What can he do to allay their fears and concerns with overdraft facilities? Thank you, and we share Dennis Robertson's concerns over the cash flow issues facing many Scottish farmers and crofters. For that reason, I recently met RBS, the Clyde Steel Bank, Bank of Scotland, HSBC, to discuss their relationship with their farmers at the moment. They all gave me an assurance that they are standing by the sector at this time. If any individual farmers have any particular problems, they should alert their local bank as soon as possible. If there are any instances that Dennis Robertson can make available from speaking to his constituents, please let me have them, and I will discuss them directly with the banks. Not many of your constituency there. To ask the Scottish Government what guidance is available to planning authorities to ensure that equalities are central to the decision-making process. Presiding Officer, equality is integrated throughout Scottish planning legislation and guidance. A core value of the planning service is that it should be inclusive, engaging all interests as early and as effectively as possible. I highlight to the cabinet secretary the petition that was submitted to Parliament on 3 December by Eastumbartonshire Visually Impaired People's Forum. It was about shared space schemes, which include the Catherine Street junction in my constituency. In that petition, it referred to the lack of consideration by Eastumbartonshire Council of the proposal on the visually and mobility impaired. Is there any advice that the cabinet secretary can give to the group? I am aware of the petition and confirm that officials have listened to the concerns of representatives from local disability groups. In general, shared space schemes can be appropriate in some settings to put people in place before the movement of motor vehicles, but the decision is very much for local decision-making and local authorities on a case-by-case basis. Clearly, people should be given every opportunity to ensure that the shared space allocation within their community is absolutely adequate to their needs. What new efforts have the Scottish Government made to work with planning authorities to avoid the all-too-common scenario where local decisions are appealed but overturned centrally? I am not sure that that is entirely relevant. Dennis Robertson Does the cabinet secretary share my concern that people with significant visual impairments and those with dementia and other mobility problems as well cannot orientate through shared spaces because they have no significant landmarks? I am very aware of the problem, in fact. I was this morning launching the official new place standard tool, which will help local authorities and others to address some of those issues. I think that the point that Dennis Robertson raises is a very valid one, and one that every planning authority, indeed every department of every authority, including central government, should take full account of. To ask the Scottish Government what plans it has to adjust the common agricultural policy greening measures so that they can be implemented in the clearest way for farmers without jeopardising environmental benefits. In Brussels next week, I will meet representatives from the European Commission to explain why their greening requirements, in particular the three-crop rule, are not compatible with Scottish agriculture and why common sense must prevail to enable our farmers to choose alternative measures through what are known as the equivalence rules. I thank the Cabinet Secretary for that. There is still concern, as highlighted to me at the 4th and Clyde meeting, regional meeting of NFUS, and I'm very concerned particularly about a range of issues, but particularly about the grazing on ecological focus area buffer zones and the confusion expressed to me about where farmers are not able to graze because you have made the decision not to implement the grazing rule and how the double, where there are buffers for water courses, is beyond that. There is also the confusion about whether the ecological focus area has to be added to that or whether it can be part of the same buffer. There are three elements to the European rules on greening, the new common agricultural policy, and 30 per cent of the payments are dependent on farmers meeting those conditions. Where we have had some influence over flexibility in terms of how we implement those in Scotland, we have worked closely with the sector. If there is a specific concern that has been expressed to Claudia Beamish, I would ask her to contact my office and I'm happy to meet her because it sounds quite a technical issue, but I'd be happy to learn more about it and see what we could do.


As the title of this video said, this is about city lips having their Bogo sale and I'm going to tell you all about that and you're probably wondering why I'm holding up my hand. It's to demonstrate to you the power of city lips. And this is a lip gloss that I have been using forever and I love that I was able to partner with city lips to bring you this video today. Let's talk about how wonderful this lip gloss is and let's check out all the shades that city lips has in their range. Hi friends, okay, let me show you the difference here. I did this because I wanted to show you how beautiful city lips is. If this side has obviously the product on it and this side doesn't. My lips get so dry and the older I get it seems like they're just shrinking. But city lips helps to show off my lips to their best possible plumpness. And I'm somebody that has vertical lines around my lips. I feel like my lips are getting smaller and smaller every year. But I love the effect that city lips has not only short term, but long term as well. And as you can see right here in the value of how beautiful it is. And like I said, this is just clear. So what I'm going to do is I'm going to go ahead and I'm going to put this on the rest of my lips so you can see and we can talk about this. The city lips is sponsoring this video and the reason is because we're coming on to their true Bogo sale. This sale runs from March 19th through March 22nd. So you have a few days to grab what you want and be able to get the beautiful benefits from city lips lip gloss that we all enjoy.  And that really only works out to be about 25% off of each individual product. Now with city lips, this is a true buy one, get one free, which I absolutely love. So when you buy a tube, you can put any other tube in your cart and you'll get it for free. So instead of it being full price for just one, you're getting full price for two. So it's actually half off, but you have to have two in your cart in order for it to work. So if you were to buy four, you could do it and it would be half off six and so on. You can't do like three. It would be two at the regular price and you'd get one for free. You might as well just get your second one, right? So really, this is a true Bogo, which I love. And I always stuck up this time of year. And for the sale down in the description box and in the first pin comment, I will have my link that you can use to order it. And don't forget that in order to get the discount, you need to use my coupon code, which is Melissa M 50. So go and order through the link and then use the code and you'll be able to get that buy one and get one free for sure. So what I do is I use this as my treatment at night and in the daytime, because I live in a desert and it's super dry and the heat comes on and everything gets dried out even more. And because of that, I'm lost if I don't have a tube of this with me. The clear is my gold standard for nighttime. I absolutely love using this at nighttime right before I go to bed. And then when I get up in the morning, I still have some of it on, which is kind of unheard of when you're talking about a lip gloss. It is kind of a thicker formula. If you've never tried it before, it is a thicker formula. It's like the true 80s gloss that we used to wear. But I love that about it because I feel that little bit of tingling, that little bit of plumping that it gives you to help smooth out the fine lines. And I feel like the more I use this, the better my lips look.  I'll use this and let my lips just kind of marinate in it. Also, not only does this give the moisture and the hydration you need immediately in your lips, it has long term benefits because it's full. Of really good ingredients that help out with plumping the lips, keeping them more supple and soft. Some lip glosses, they can dehydrate your lips. And when you have them off, your lips feel worse than before you started, not with city lips. So I love them. So let's get into the colors. This one, like I said, is clear, and then we'll go ahead and we'll go through all of the colors that I have. I want to showcase this color called Watermelon because it's this beautiful coral pink color. It's not too warm and it's not too cool. And I wanted to talk about this color, especially because we're coming on into spring, and I think this is so flattering. And the nice thing about it is it's pigmented enough that you don't need a lot of it on. I love the Doe Foot applicator in these as well. It's got kind of a point right there and it's a little bit angled. So you can use this as your liner and get way out there on your lip line if you want to. Beautiful color in that watermelon. And it's one that I have loved and I wear every spring this time of year. So it's a clear if you're wanting one to just go over your lipstick that is a beautiful color. Los Angeles is one of the prettiest colors I think that they have. And it's kind of a sheer pink with a little bit of reflect in. But what I love about it is as you put it on top of your lipstick, it's going to brighten the lipstick that you already have on. And you're going to love having it as a topper. It's such a pretty topper. The lips has the sparkly colors or the shimmer colors. And then they have the regular, just opaque colors or the solid colors. This one is called Pink Nude and I like this one because it goes so good, which is about any lip liner that you put on your lip. Again, that one is called Pink Nude. Next, going back to a sparkling one, this one is called Tinsel Town. Now this one is just kind of a clear one. So again, you could use this one as a topper and this one has silver reflects in it instead of the gold, but it doesn't have color to it. So wearing this one, you could wear this one again at night to have a little bit of extra little spice to the lip gloss you're wearing to bed. It's a really pretty topper for lipstick as well. The next color is called Nude and again, this is an opaque color and it goes really well with just about any lip liner you put on. You don't need too much of this, but it looks really pretty with neutral or warm toned liners as well. You could fill in your lips underneath and then put this one on top and you'd have a beautiful color. This one is nude. The next one is called San Diego and this one is a nude with a little bit of sparkle in it. You get that topper benefit of if you do a lighter coat of it. But you also get a little bit of reflect in there. This one is really pretty for a nude with a little bit of extra in it. I just think this is so pretty next to our little bit darker. So these would be pretty on their own. This one is called Crimson and this is a beautiful kind of burgundy color. This is a very creamy looking color, kind of like a burgundy maroon color together, maybe a little bit lighter than that. Beautiful color on this one in Crimson. The next one is the darker one as well, and it's called Plum Springs. And so this is kind of along the same line as the Crimson one, maybe a little bit more plum in it, a little bit more purple in it. And this one has reflex in it as well or there's this shimmer sparkle color in it. This is just a beautiful color, very easy to wear on its own. You wouldn't need to wear a liner or anything with this. I saved my two favorite colors for last. I absolutely love both of these. The first one I'm going to show you is called Nude York. And I like this one because it is the nude color, but at the same time it does have the pretty reflex in it. It has the gold in it. This is a beautiful topper. I will return this one as my topper all the time. This one in the Los Angeles, I just think it's so pretty. A little bit more of that nude color, gorgeous with any lip liner that you decide. Again, this one is Nude York. And then lastly is my very, very favorite one. I think I like this one the most because it is that pink color that I gravitate towards. And it does have the shimmer in it, the gold shimmer in it, but it is so beautiful. Such a beautiful color for spring. So easy to wear. You wouldn't need to wear anything. Just a little bit of mascara, this and maybe a touch up with some concealer. You would have a look. This is a beautiful one. So here they all are tons of colors to choose from. But the benefits of this way outweighs the colors. It is just such a nourishing, yummy formula that makes my lips feel very pouty and very youthful. I love the way that this tingles on the lips just a little bit without being burning at all. This is a beautiful formula. And if you haven't tried it before, this is a great time to stock up and try this. Hope that you did enjoy seeing all of these swatches. Thank you so much again to City Beauty. Tell me in the comment section if you've had any experience with City lips. I'd love to hear that from you. Hope everybody's doing really well. Please come back around to see me in my next video. Love you much. Bye, my friends.


This is the last session of the conference, so thank you for everyone participating to this point. As you can tell, I am not a Tysin Matthews. Tysin has actually unfortunately caught the flu and he missed his flight this morning. And because I was working with Tysin very closely in the deployment of generative AI, as well as I'm actually very passionate about elderly care from previous startup work that I've done, I had the honor to be able to give this talk today. So SkyPoint, to give you a little bit of context about SkyPoint, they're an AI platform that helps the senior care industry. And what they basically try to do is give access to information around elderly care and primarily geared towards nurses, doctors, et cetera, et cetera. Now the question is, why is this so important? How exciting could elderly care be? Well, the number of individuals that need elderly care is going to be doubling by 2030. The budget is $1 trillion a year in the United States alone. Just for some context, the entire US defense budget is $800 million. So what's going to happen when we have doubled the number of elderly in the United States? Is our budget going to go up by 2x to 2 trillion? No. We're going to have elderly being put out on the street. There's going to be a lot of poverty, a lot of pain. The good news is in the elderly care industry, 70% of the costs is actually on administration. It's not on care. And I know you're all shaking your heads. What do you mean by administration? Well, things like figuring out how to do my insurance payments, things like scheduling new nurses to come to take care of the elderly, all those kind of things. There's about 70% of waste that really IT should be able to get rid of. And generative AI is extremely important because when I actually try to tackle this problem when I was trying to do the startup company through mobile apps, it turns out nobody wants to do that. It turns out that nurses, elderly, children of the elderly, etc., they all communicate via text. It's all actually human interaction. So the only chance that one actually has to get rid of a lot of these costs in elderly care is around generative AI, in my opinion. So that's why this is so important from a societal standpoint. This is probably the most, I think probably there's nuclear war, climate change, and then the secondary effects due to the population inversion. So this is probably, in my opinion, the most impactful way to use generative AI. And so what Skypoint AI does is an end-to-end lifecycle for your data. So all the data, they basically have a big database of all the different data related to healthcare. It's a lakehouse of the core. And then the co-pilot, the AI co-pilot allows you to chat with your data. And one of the things that they've been working on, that Skypoint has been working on, is creating Microsoft co-pilots. So these are co-pilots that are on top of your AI-ready data. They leverage a combination of, they leverage a lot of the, they try to unify all the data. It's very industry specific. And they do actually, it's something called a lot of fine-tuning of the AI models. So that with RLHF, et cetera, et cetera. From an architecture standpoint, Skypoint leverages a combination of structured data, primarily in data bricks on top of Azure. And then they also leverage unstructured data that is stored in vector databases in AstroDB. To give a little bit more context to this, for example, in the case where there's querying structured data, they would take the data and then they would leverage a process called self-reflection. So the LLM would take the data and then start saying, okay, what do I do? I need to answer this question. So let's look at the different overtime. Let's look at the different tables there. So there's actually underneath the hood, it makes an API call via the tools API within Langchain to the Unity catalog. This is the data bricks Unity catalog to collect information about what tables there are. And it would identify the LLM would be smart enough to identify which particular columns to use from which tables. Then there's a process. Once we have collected the right schemas, the right tables that the data is from, then there's a process of generating the SQL statement. And then they would leverage previous examples called few-shot prompting in order to generate the SQL statement. So in this case, the LLM realizes it needs to join the employee attendance and group by role. Underneath the hood, there's a method called React. This is a reasoning action. It's a paper published by Google in 2020. And this is very similar to, if you guys were in my previous talk, the action perception loop. So React stands for reasoning action. And in order to generate the SQL statement, they do a couple of things. They pull in the data model when they do the prompting. They pull it in the data model. They use dynamic few-shotting. So this is the creating the natural language of SQL statements. And this is particularly useful when you're trying to do joins and group buys. They do metadata annotation. So what happens is that in the Unity catalog, where they have all the table schemas, they're able to provide extra information such as what does this table mean? What do these columns mean? How are the column information related to each other? Then they use something called structural decomposition. So this is the idea of splitting up a question into multiple questions. And then the last, but not least, is something called self-reflection. So self-reflection is a technique to see if the generated SQL statement answers the original question that was being asked. And underneath the hood, there's also a whole bunch of enterprise features. Namely, they've implemented RBAC and observability, RBAC access control, and then observability to make sure that these things are, the answers are being surfaced right. So diving a little bit more into the SQL agent, this is a Lang chain particular feature. The few-shotting. So for example, if there's a question say, what is the average rating of a community Morris house, it's able to figure out what is the right columns, leveraging the metadata to identify the right columns, and then generating this average, it's able to generate this particular statement. As I just talked about, self-reflection is able to allow you to see if the end query matches the original question that's being asked. So what about structured data? So structured data, what they do, what that does underneath the hood is that let's take a look at this question. What is the leave policy for new hires? One of the methods that they use is this called multi-query generation. So we would take one particular question and decompose it into multiple questions. So for example, what is the leave policy for new hires, then it could be broken down to what is the new policy for new hires? Actually, that's just the original question. What is the leave policy for new joiners, which is similar to new hires, but it's just an extra question. And then what is the absentee policy for new hires? So it generates three questions at one time and then calls one or more vector database tables. And then after it gets back the response from three questions, three questions in a row, the LLM is able to summarize the answers for all three. So RAG is being done on top of PDFs, text documents, etc. They've leveraged a lot of document annotation. And one of the things they do is actually they use a lot of fine-tuning. So once you have enough history built up of making these kinds of queries and they look at the thumbs up, thumbs down, they would be able to figure out what kind of data they can use to fine-tune the models, such as the open AI models. Then there's also this idea of contextual compression of algorithms. And what this is is really leveraging fine-tuning again to skip some of the steps. Because these are multiple steps, they could use fine-tuning to actually just skip some of the steps. Another way that you can use fine-tuning to skip steps is that, let's say for example in this case, there might be a step of having to go out to the database to fetch the catalog of all the schemas. One can actually take all the catalog of the schemas, fine-tune the LLM so the LLM already knows what schemas there are in the database. So you can skip the step of having to go out to the database to grab a schema. So there's a lot of nifty tricks that one can do to really cut down on a latency. All right. And then the last point is the combo prompts. So the most powerful ones are something like this. This is a fairly complicated query. It's asking you to do a lot of different things. And in order to construct this query, the answer for this query, it needs to be broken down into both structured and unstructured data. And so one of the very big concepts in retrieve augmentation is the idea of doing planning. So they're planning, they're doing a plan and they want to make the plan be able to be paralyzed so that they might be able to fetch data from multiple places all at once. And there's different access patterns that are there's different ways to actually get the data. One is you do unstructured rag with structured querying. When I say structured querying, it just means you ask a structured question to the LLM. You could do unstructured rag, sorry, this is supposed to be unstructured rag and structured rag, structured querying plus structured querying plus structured querying plus unstructured rag. So there's many different combinations of the ways that you can actually collect your data. And so for example, this particular use case, they decompose it into these several questions, sorry, these several plans in order to fetch all the data at once. And I think this is probably the ultimate in terms of being doing Q&A because you're leveraging the combination of the data that's structured as well as unstructured. And I think this is very exciting for Cassandra because majority of the data that's being stored in Cassandra these days is structured data. So the end conclusion is that Skypoint incorporates multiple pillars into enterprise AI. Those pillars are accuracy, configurability, reliability, governance, security and observability. So that's a good example of a production AI system that leverages fairly sophisticated generative AI and advanced rag techniques. Thank you. Any questions? It's been in production since June, end of June. Yeah, end of June. Yeah, they've been able to measure, the question was, are they able to measure benefits? And the answer is yes. The early customers are finding massive time savings through this. In fact, it's shocking how much time they're saving. And I think that's another point is that if you're doing saving of time to the bottom line of employees who are fairly high cost like nurses, they start at 50 bucks an hour. And if you can save one hour of nurse time just by providing these generative AI apps, you can start charging based on a certain percentage of what the nurse's salary per hour is. So I think this is kind of from a business standpoint, very different than let's say the other technologies like mobile or business reporting. Any other questions? I think the hardest part that they dealt with was hallucinations. And they basically like, so Skypoint, they threw everything at it. Every single technique possible, they've tried it out. And so there was a lot of experimentation. The area that I think they have the most opportunity, the most opportunity is this combining structured data and unstructured data. I think that's kind of the holy grail and something that they're still working on. But if somebody can crack this, that'd be very, very powerful. The other part that was really hard was to get under the five second SLA. So a lot of these techniques are multi step problems, right? So for example, taking this one query and turning into three queries, previously what they did was they took this one query and they use a technique called Flair. This is for an active retrieval generation. And what the Flair algorithm does is that it does rag, but it looks at the probability of the tokens being generated from the LLM. And if the probability is low, it would cause the system to try to re-ask another question. So meaning that you can use the LLM to actually figure out if it's unsure about itself. Now that sounds great in theory, but what happened was they found that there was too many round trip costs and that instead it's better to take one single query, turn it into multiple queries, and then do parallelization at one time. Which is actually why they moved off of a zero cognitive search onto Cassandra, is because they wanted to have a lot of this parallelization capability. So it's balancing that it's actually the hardest thing for them to do. Any other questions? Yeah, actually I don't know. But I looked at their schema and they had hundreds of tables. I looked at their Databricks schema and it was hundreds of tables. It was like a massive ER diagram that looked too small on the screen in Zoom, so it's a lot. And actually that's a point too, is that one of the things that was fairly surprising was they did add a little bit of annotations to their tables, but they managed to get high enough results. Just even without annotations, they managed to get high enough accuracy on the results. So they're, depending on the customer base, they get between 85 and 95% accurate results, like thumbs up, thumbs down. Any other questions? All right, let's then have drinks. Thank you, everyone.