I have the final stages of my defined field, my PhD, and I'm working and I'm considering the open air lithic sites in south east England that I was trying to get into context and bringing in theutors sisters to try to look at these cross-channel, potential cross-channel connections, dynamics. I'm starting with this image which is of the Iceland where the glacier and a gradient river system and a thermocast managed it, ...wyddi'r ddigbyn y sydd gyffredin o'r gyfraith yn gwlad droi... ...y'r gwrthidiaeth ffordd i'r Llyfrgell... ...cymdeithasol yn gwerthodd iawn i'r wych... ...y'r gwlad yw'r gwlad yn ymweld yn ymweld yn ymweld... ...y'r ddigbyn i'r ddweud... ...y'r dwylo sydd wedi'u bod yn ddweud. Yn olyfrgell yr oeddur sydd yn ymweld... ...ym ni'n sgwrs yw'r ddweud, y Chathro Rybryd yn ysgwrs... Mae'r Llyfrideg yw'r Llyfrideg ה� inning maen nhw'n rywun yn gyfwyl, ond yn ysgriffaeth gŵr yna'r Lhyfrideg yn gweithio'r Lhyfrideg er mwyn ffawr yn ymgyrch atrygiadol, wedyn oedd ymwys i ymwhaith o'r hunain a'i wneud i'r bwysig i'r ymddi'ch gwelltyn. Fyno'r Llyfrideg yn cyfwyl sy'n fwyaf. Mae'r Llyfrideg yw'r Llyfrideg er mwyn uchwynt yn cydweithio i'r Llyfrideg yng nghynghwil,don i gael y llwythoedd o'r llwll ddwylliant o'r cyfrifvedig hwnnw mewn y gwasanaeth yna, cyda fi'n cael ei wneud gweithio'ch bethau cyrru a thwylo gwneud â'r rawn sydd y gwasanaeth o'r ffordd yn roi'r Llyfr sophisticatedu. Felly rwy'n cael ei wneud e'ch cyfrifedig hefyd i gael llwyddiad I would like to argue that river systems are the principal topographic features linking and separating these regions. The dynamics of these river systems actually have a huge impact not only on the seasonality and movement, but also on the different distributions of the after-experiment we find at different periods. So, this will be at three parts, a geographic settlement and a quick discussion of the records, carbon seasonality and resources of river systems is the core, and I need to include some of some comments on the archaeological landscape. So, the channel river is really part of the panorai system. The panorai is starting at the outskirts of glacial effect throughout the glacial, so there's a constant flow, except in whichever way to go. It's constantly fed throughout the summer months, and it's actually a really vast catchment. I'd like to point out at this point that Martin Baker's a great talk recently at how these are reminding you to reference how we're making these maps. This is a, with Jetco and Hugo Nett, and all the maps throughout will be based on those base maps and added catchments. The rivers themselves, some have been used by plotting GIS, by creating a flow on GIS, and others have been handled here based on literature review of known aspects of the paleochats. If we compare it to other catchments in the area, it's very close to the size of the Danube, and this is why it's also, it's comparable. In between the Danube system and the panorai system, the channel river system, they actually meet the links and all across Europe. A continuous, how to say, a continuous, fhuvial link in some ways with a meeting somewhere in the Alps, just to explain the channel river itself truly really starts after the Strakes of Dover. The Strakes of Dover to the Atlantic is for the channel river, and before that is the Paleo Rhine, Paleo Moose, and as is the Paleo Shell, and the Paleo Tens, etc. Well, Rhianon is just going to help me out by, despite the chronological situation, I'm really going to use the chronos of the terminology boiling an animal throughout because of the fhuvial on the resolution of the fhuvial context. At the onset of the Lake Glacier, we have glaciers that have basically retracted, but that means that there's a lot of, there's still, however there is, just before the boiling, a perms from some biome, and when we transition into the boiling, what is important is that the landscape is transitioning from a perms across to a thermocast biome, which says there's a lot of water, soil, and the grain in the thermocast will be providing lots of water for the flow of the season. The concept of the channel river itself has been, at least since the 19th century, within the 19th century, really developed by Reid in the early 20th century, and it's byerly coals who revived this doggerland and channel river network, and the importance of this period of overhaul. This is following the work of Old Freya and Smith in the 1980s. You can really start to describe topographic features that were submerged in this landscape, specific channels, cliff lines, and actually start giving a submarine topography to all of this landscape, so this landscape is starting to emerge from this process. Finally, a big changing point was around transition 2009, or the series of articles from 2006 to 2010, where they were doing offshore quarry and fans, the legal fans of the continental shelf, and through mineralological analysis, they could link to which legal networks these sentiments were associated to, and OSL dating, date them, and really, for the first time, define how these two major river systems, the Elm and the Pallod Rhine and Channel River, were behaving. We saw it very recently that we can start considering exactly how this river is behaving, and now this sets up a framework with, I would say, a true submerged landscape with topology, with different channels, and these channels have their own specific topography with very clear, renewal features that have been eroded away by mega floods with the melting of these glaciers that were, I mentioned, very high pulses of flooding following the last facial maxim until before the voting, so before the incident, there is very high energy flooding taking place, and these are carving out much of this landscape that is present during the lake glacier when people are moving in, when people are now moving back into this landscape. This topography also has a very strong relief. On the bottom left, you can see that it's actually 20, 30 meters high, some of these AIs that are on the channel, and it's been visualised and prepared to other mega floods that take place in a very similar context with West America, and the drop-out of channels have been carved out by mega floods, and we have these very steep, fluvially eroded landscapes, so this is something that we can imagine submerged. It's a very different type of topography that we have above ground currently, and it's quite important to consider that from just from a small, proper environmental perspective, a mosaic environment with different fluvo systems on different paths going through it. Roughly, we construct this and place some of the archaeological sites, some of the reference sites around it, and this gives an idea of some of this topography. That blue lake is not really a lake, it's more of a question mark at this point, and I've discussed it with Vim Scaffley and Simon Fitch, and they're working on it, whether this is a wetland or what's going on there exactly, no one knows, but that's where the land is supposed to be, so it's a particular quarters. You have to imagine that there's this huge river that's had a little grime coming down, and it must be over that flooding that's being fed by meltwaters from the landscape, so something very wrong. So there are several records that we now have, very good sequences, very good sequences to help characterise this. I will just be mentioning a few for this part of trying to characterise this. I will just emphasise the rhythms and seasonalities of these rivers through both the bowling and the arrow, and then consider how it might affect human mobility factors and the archaeology for silver southeast England. The considerable amount of work among these organisms, notably the Merges, Shelts, Bech, and Palio Rhine, have enabled to characterise transitions and taking place associated to the Lake Leishio, but there's also a different type of transition that's happening in the Paris basin of the Seine and the Song system, and we're seeing something slightly different in the UK. So although there's a general trend of moving from braided rivers to possibly a roading meandering, but lastly a roading rivers to single channel rivers, you have to be a bit careful. To complement this, there's a lot of high environmental records, as Rhianne just described. In order to be around wetlands, there's also some in Belgium, but also in the southeast England recently at Brock Hill. Brock Hill, where Brock Hill, they're recording from peaks, Lake Leishio peaks, and recognise coralis, so there's hazel in Lake Leishio now in South East England, which is very interesting, and I was always surprised by it, but it shows that those riparian or wetland environments can actually produce a slightly different type of vegetation. For the UK, the Great Wolves River, for ours, has been very well characterised for this period of time. Moving from the transition from the LGM, the final phases on GS2A into GI1E, the end of the last special maxim, into the building, was very, very, see a sharp transition, not only in the environment, but also in many of the river systems, not all of them. This is what is interesting. In south of the channel river, we see quite a significant transition to more, how to say, they're still braided rivers, but they can become single channel or principal channel of river systems that are moving towards the reality system. Whereas in the UK, it remains a braided river system, which implies a higher water flow, but also less vegetation, which fits very well with what Daniel just described. It's also very cold winters, and right through the warm summers in the building, so we have frozen landscapes. This is very important and very water-loan landscapes in summer, and I hope to emphasise and emphasise why this is important. When we look at the channel river itself and consider what is submerged, this is all, how to say, a conjecture, but we know that we're getting the onset of woodland up down river along the Parry Rhydon and also along the Senn. The Parry environmental records, they are getting the first evidence of actual trees, arboreal growth, whereas it's absent to the northern part of the channel river at this time. What is often regarded is how these dynamic rivers actually transport material. They freeze over, banks are aboded, and trees fall in. There will be lots of dead, of drivers in these environments, which are a very important resource. There are also lake systems, so herds deep, which is here. Herds deep is a very deep trough, and that would be a lake at the time, probably a freshwater lake as the sea levels are rising. Moving into this has become brackish, and this is probably at some point during the boning then, what about this transition is taking place. This mosaic landscape is of interest because, how to say, braided river systems, it would represent very much a mosaic environment with potential seeds and other plants coming down. And being brought down by rivers and resources, that are being brought down by rivers and possibly colonising it. So the arwath, that are arwath is where we see transition to meagoring river systems. We also see the arwath appearing, especially along the Rhine, there's evidence for it. Once again, this environment has now become, during the arwath, is an estuarine environment, and this is very rich in resources and probably a whole of attraction as well. So one would expect that sites that are in southern England would have direct relationships with this estuarine environment, as well as these meagoring rivers and systems that are. One of the main questions that has been brought up is how did this colonisation take place? I was just plotting the distribution of sites, we could see that there are connections that have crossed this, and most of the time some sort of land bridge is considered to the north of the river system. We have archaeological, I would say, parallels of very, very large territories and also very close proximity here with northern France and then south-east England. There are very strong parallels in the Lithic's technology during the era. We mustn't forget that these rivers freeze in winter. This is worrying because the main point that I want to put across is that these frozen landscapes and rivers within the frozen landscapes are one of the main aspects when navigating boreal or sub-arct landscapes. We mustn't just consider this, there's the potential that a lot of this landscape is waterlogging summer, high summer temperatures during the bowling. Winter would be a very good time to follow these rivers to the landscape and to move, so it might not be a tri-land passage to the eastern river, but more a tri-land over the river, to follow the systems. One period where the rivers would be truly blocked was during the iceberg. This is both for the bowling and the other one. When the time of the iceberg takes place, it is extremely dangerous. The river, especially the main channels, would be full of high energy and lots of them are flowing from south to north. The mountain takes place upriver and then flows over the ice, creating all sorts of problems from south to north. We consider many of these rivers, at least during the spring of the iceberg season, as true barriers, and that's when the land reaches would possibly be preferable. This is also for animal migration as well. It's recognised for reindeer that they often follow higher reaches in North America when doing that spring migration. Finally, these braver channels, although they're very high energy during the melt, towards the end of the season in summer, they die down in energy. Although there may be some deeper central channels where the river valley is broadened, this is when they're actually quite un-level. However, in the anorod, the problem is that the channels are single-channel and they're quite deep water. Crossing these rivers during the summer period, especially with legal mels, and this has been demonstrated at Great Wool's or Al's, I'm sure. There's a continuous flow, and finally there's a continuous flow of deep single-channel. Finally, I always like to bring in the element of boats, especially for the anorod, because in the subsequent Mesolithic, we have clear evidence of boats. At a contemporary period in Cyprus, people are colonising the Mediterranean islands at the same time as the anorod, with the whole, how to say, a formal transport of wild animals and the domestics. The whole of the anorod is going across 160 kilometres. So, why wouldn't there be boats along these single-channel? The Miannian river systems are also ideal for that type of movement. These deep channels are perfect for boats, whereas the braided channels are not appropriate. Distance-wise, I don't have time for this, but it was the raw materials that basically re-designed this circle that 250 kilometres is considering. These are all-material sources of distances that we know people are moving in the archaeological record. This is compared to ethnographic, or the reindeer migrations, whereas Gordon, when he looked at the Magdalenian reindeer migrations, where they're all curved east towards the Belgian caves because there was a channel river, often they cross rivers on, if it's an east-west flowing river and they try and cross them on a north-south access, it would be an ideal location in the landscape for what we know of the reindeer migrations. If we compare it to further ethnographic data, this 500-kilometre scale actually becomes smaller still. If there is to be suppose that it goes up to where we can compare it to the green, and different types and different innovative distances travelled where there is no basis, so we have different scales and we start looking at movement across this channel system, when we look at the rivers, carvel, the bedrock and everything.


This session is something different, what the previous speakers present it... My background is coming from the environmental and social sciences. I'm not actually presenting any specific paper, but research work from the previous year. We are working with the climate mitigation, adaptation and natural resources governance research with our partners from various countries. And today I thought that I'm actually presenting environmental collaboration, what we mean and understand with environmental collaboration and how it's actually linked to the climate change and also these risks, what climate change is already having but also creating in the future. And once we are talking environmental collaboration, these types of collaborative actions for example, often those are related to conflict resolution, conflict mediation actions but also the responsive natural resources and collective actions to mitigate and also to adapt to climate change. And once we consider these, what type of processes are environmental collaboration, there are certain descriptions, certain norms in these type of processes, for example public purpose, inclusiveness, representation, shared decision making, third party facilitation is always or often connected to these type of collaborative actions, committee, conveners, power balancing, deliberative and collaborative platforms. So for example in our studies these are so-called descriptions of the processes in these countries which we are working with. And then if you look the terrorists for example from the social sciences or political sciences, they connect to collaboration and collaborative decision making often with the reason-based decisions and how those are foundation for the cross-group democracy and empower deliberative democracy. And yes, we as the environmental social science scholars as well we agreed very much with these political sciences. But same time we are also a bit critical because sometimes also these participatory processes might have a risk that those are undermining the for example existing governance failures and also these so-called uneven playing fields which sometimes also are connected these type of collaborative processes for example between the public, private and people partnerships. Where for example you might know these processes where for example private sector is quite in the different balance and these so-called uneven playing fields can be very visible in these type of processes. But also we use this term as symbolic violence which comes from the philosophy purdia meaning that it's these type of situations are sometimes quite naive that when the people for example do not have the same resources or same information or same possibilities for example negotiating in these type of participatory processes this can be also the violence. Not maybe in the violence in the physical means but the violence in the symbolic way. And then what we also have studied in these processes how these collaborative processes are connected with soft security. Yes we do agree that environmental collaboration it can be very well demonstrating these type of processes where the soft security are promoted through the civic skills participatory and collaborative approaches but also in these type of social processes to for example mitigate the conflicts and these measures to mediate the conflicts which for example in these current climate conditions sometimes are just creating the situations where people need the very different type of civic skills like the previous presenter was also saying that once the conditions are harsh people also it's impacting to our society in very many ways elections or food conditions or for example in migration and in these situations the environmental collaboration but also these type of skills to promote soft security comes more important. And we have been also working with the large project here in Finland with the youth studies and youth researchers and which also claims that this climate chain environmental crisis and support for sustainable transformation also requires the social debate which actually not only here in Finland but globally the youth have been very active in debating but also if you look the climate actions which youth have been very active often these actions have been seen very critically or even sometimes seen that this is the risking and conflicting in our societies when youth are for example demonstrating at the streets but our research we see that this is actually this youth debate and also the demonstrations this is the way how youth are showing their ways to act and it's also important that we see that this demonstration can be a way to drive the chains what can be called as transformation sustainability transformation which this current climate crisis are also very important And just to showing the one example from the Finland Finland have been one of the first country actually building up this type of networks among the countries relation to this youth peace and security which are called in UN processes as UN regulation 2250 and Finland was among of those countries for built actually the action plan to how to implement how to support not only the youth but youth organization and the state in various levels to actually support the youth in not only the peace building but also the various soft security ways and for example this environmental collaboration conflict resolution course series which we have been implementing here in Finland and among of our partner countries it's one of these examples how us adults can support the young people with these soft security skills and for example this during the COVID yes we couldn't organize the face-to-face courses but once you are innovative it's also possible to do this type of training and research through the web based systems and these seems to be year after year we have more applicants to applying to participate these courses and these courses are also related to term environmental citizenship which stops on one of the scholars who have been studying these type of environmental processes but also this intergenerational learning processes he see that environmental citizenship is a commitment to the common sustainable futures so that it's not only us as individual persons but this type of intergenerational knowledge sharing plays very important role in environmental collaboration and this environmental collaboration it's also a possibility to co-create social innovations to get something which is not only as somewhere top-down blueprint interventions but how it creates for example space for the youth to create their own innovations to support the soft security and their own actions in our society and one type of this what we call as intergenerational learning and knowledge co-creation models related to mitigation and adaptation to the climate change is this model which have been created with the youth and the youth organization but also different type of organizations here in Finland the youth could share their own understanding of the climate change but also together with these volunteer adults to then create the new ways to act in our society the other example comes from Tanzania where the climate change has been very much changed to for example agriculture, forestry to certain sectors have been for example changed the climate so that it's very difficult to see when the planting seasons are for example starting when you can for example carry out the fire protection activities in the certain areas in Tanzania and there through these collaborative processes environmental collaboration offered the possibility for these different actors in the rural level to actually create and share their own experiences and build this type of collaborative processes how they could mitigate the forest fires for example then one of our recent studies which we are studying here in Finland is this UNESCO Manon Biosphere Reserves this concept of Manon Biosphere it's actually quite old concept and this Manon Biosphere Reserves is global network but for example here in Finland it's gave a very positive example in the eastern part of Finland how the different actors with some times are actually having very conflicting interest how they are actually creating the platforms to discuss shared understanding of the for example when the tourist enterprises and the forest sector is functioning in the same landscape, same areas and this type of collaborative actions also promotes the idea that when there is the conservation areas these conservation areas can also give new type of livelihoods for the local people of course there in previously there was a lot of this type of cross boundary collaboration between the Finland and Russia but unfortunately in this current era those actions are not continuing but concluding environmental collaboration is it the rhetoric or key for the soft security yes there is a lot of scholars who are very critical towards this type of processes and participatory actions and yes I agree with them that sometimes these can be what for example this our colleagues who have been studying the Nepal and various other countries and they are for example saying that this can end up to be empty promises or themselves to means to reproduce the existing political orders or powers or what earlier I was saying that creating the symbolic violence or sometimes actually the real violence for example what we have been following in one of our case studies in Mexico but however I'm also arguing that climate change and the conflict risk requires the new type of skills and ways to act and these type of facilitation skills and collaborative ways to mitigate and also to mediate the conflicts these should be considered as civic skills and these type of skills like what we consider for example as here in Finland the first aid skills which are then for example as school trainings and the various workplaces for example here in Finland you can get the free courses for the first aid skills and in our understanding also this type of collaborative skills facilitation skills these should be considered as well the skills which are in everyday day life we should learn so thank you very much


Studying William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, let's examine the character of Tybalt and his anger when he realises that Romeo is at the Capulet Ball. In Act 1, scene 5, he's angered when he sees Romeo and he tells his page, fetch me my rapier, fetch me my sword and the literation hair shows his anger and vengefulness. Furthermore, the caesera hair shows that he's really angry and very quick to fight. The assonance of A in an antique face when he's referring to Romeo's mask shows that he feels that Romeo is being deliberately deceitful. Furthermore, this rhetorical question shows that the presence of the Montagues at the Capulet Ball is damaging the Capulet reputation. Furthermore, the adjective stock and honor to refer to his kinsmen, his family, the Capulets show he holds very typical traditional Elizabethan views of protecting one's family through violence. This violent verb shows how impetuous and quick to anger he really is. The literation hair shows he's really keen to prove his honor through violence.


Asking a child questions about their day encourages them to express themselves. To start, you can ask the child, what did you do today? After they answer, you can ask more specific questions. For example, if the child says they played with their friends, you could ask questions like, which friends did you play with? What game did you play? Or, what did you like most about it? Talking with the child about their day helps them develop communication skills.


Good evening, everyone, I am going to call the Board of Finance to order at 5.35pm on October 30th, 2023. The agenda is the agenda. Welcome, motion to adopt this. I'm moving to adopt the agenda. I second. Any discussion? Seeing none, I'll go to vote. All those in favor of motion, please say aye. Opposed? Motion carries unanimously. We have an agenda. The next item is the public forum. And I will open the floor. Is there anyone in the room who would like to speak at the public forum? Seeing no takers on that, we will look online. I do see former City Councilor Sharon Buschers with us. Sharon, please raise your hand if you're hoping to be recognized for the public forum. It's not here. Sharon is raising her hand. I think that is the only non-celebrity attendee. So I am going to close the public forum and move to the consent agenda. I would welcome a motion to adopt the consent agenda and take the action. Thank you, Councillor McKee. Do we have a second? Second. Councillor Jang, thank you. Any discussion of the consent agenda? Seeing none, we'll go to vote. All those in favor of the motion, please say aye. The motion carries unanimously. And we have adopted the consent agenda, bringing us to our deliberative agenda, which has just two items. And then we will be hearing from, we'll be having a presentation as a third item. So the first of the action items for approval and recommendation of the City Council is a request for approval of a contract amendment for emergency Muskie River Siphon pair work. I do want to say that thanks to the fast-moving team here, we are pivoting as quickly as possible to get this repair done before winter. I have been fully engaged in this and believe that staff has put together a good recommendation. Megan, if you wouldn't mind just summarize the recommendation here and we'll have to answer any questions. Thanks, Tapan. Yes, you approve the initial contract at the last board of finance and then City Council and that initial scope of work was based on the inspections we had been able to do to date. The turbidity in the river, when we did our last inspection was still quite high. And so once we mobilized the ECI team with divers, they did additional inspections and found that in addition to the joint being broken on nearshore, there were some unstable joints that had leakages further out, up until where the pipe dives underneath the bottom of the sediments. And so it does make sense that there was the potential for this. We didn't have that information. I think our contractor quickly put together a change order that we are seeking your approval for $414,000 additional dollars. It's requiring a lot more equipment effort and labor effort in order to do this other work, but we believe that it needs to be done and is still female eligible. So if you have any questions, I'll entertain those. Thank you Megan. The floor is open for questions. For a motion. I would like to move the motion as indicated on Civic Clerk. Great. Thank you, Councillor Chen. Do we have a second for that motion? Second by Councillor Barlow. And can you just remind us what it means if it's female eligible? So it's where it will be at least 75% paid for by FEMA with then additional 12 and a half percent by the state with the city being responsible for 12 and a half percent. My understanding is that the state has reached the 90% threshold or the threshold that will potentially draw down a higher level of FEMA reimbursements. But that additional money does have to be authorized by the feds. And so there's always the possibility that they won't authorize it, given everything that's going on. And so we are fingers crossed that we will hopefully only be having to deal with like a 5% local match if in fact the feds authorized those findings. Thank you. Any further discussion? Okay, yes.  I understand about the FEMA and we're still working around maybe, right? We're not still sure. But what I'm really interested about the insurance of the work being done, how do we ensure that it will be also quality knowing we cannot dive. So are there contingencies instead after it's fixed, if something else happened, are there some type of entrances that the city will not come back to it because the work was about that type of. Yeah, I believe and Martin, I think is on online. I believe that they are going to warranty the work for at least a one year time period. It is why we are in parallel moving on a design contract for the permanent permanent fix, which would be not to have a river on the bottom, or sorry, a pipe on the bottom of the river. So we hope once we will be bringing that to you probably in December for that scope of work and then beginning that design to then hopefully next year starting construction on this other this other alternative. Yeah, that and we will be leaving I went to the ward 47 in PA will be leaving the black pipe in place, even though we'll be decommissioning the pipes, so that if something were to happen to the pipe. And even if we couldn't get people into the river, right because of the cold or the ice, we would have this backup solution to kind of revert back to hi hi Martin, is it a one year warranty I know we talked about this. Yeah, it is a one year warranty. We've talked with the contractor about that so they, they're keenly aware that they're on the hook for the work that they do for one year. Yeah. Yeah, and thank you Megan and for attending the NPA. I think it was good. And was just wondering, you know, if you have a plan of sending like a communication because just today for my director of DPW is leaving me a message about this. So, maybe an update about where things are. I know you do a lot of this, but additional. No, that reminds me that we are. Whoops. We are overdue probably in doing a front porch forum or, or Facebook postings. I'll talk with Rob building about that. Thank you for the reminder. Thank you. Okay. We're ready for vote. I think we are. We'll go to the vote. All those are very emotional. Please say hi. Hi. Hi. Anybody opposed motion varies unanimously. Thank you, Megan Martin, a water resources team for the continue big push on this unexpected major issue out there. So, thank you so much. Okay. 4.2 creation of one position at the CJC. We have Brian Pine here, director of iron to speak to us so turn it over. So, the record is Brian Pine director of CETO. As you may recall about a month ago you all approved a increase in funding from the Vermont department for children and families for the youth component of what the community justice center does and their work is as Rachel described it, they've worked under subcontract through spectrum before now they have direct funding from department for children and families. They expect this funding to get awarded again, but don't have a guarantee beyond July by the end of June of 24. So, the request here is to create a new position, which is being funded entirely by this grant. And it would be a grade 16 union position so an ask me eligible position and it is intended to be limited service just for this portion of the rest of FY 24. The goal being that if if the state continues to fund it next June for that actually, we would be seeking to make it a regular position since we don't know if the funding will go beyond the June we thought it was most prudent to just plan this way for this time. Thanks for that brand. The floor is open for questions. Council McGee. I'm happy to make the motion is recommended on civic clerk. Second. Thank you. Second by President Paul discussion. Yes, Mr Mayor. Director pine. Thank you for that. And I do believe just wanted to say also for the record that Rachel has done an amazing job at a trauma informed leadership panel that took place last Wednesday. I mean, I feel like she did an amazing job highlighting this service for the city of Burlington and how it and how important it is for all the municipalities to consider having such a great thing. And she talked highly about about about the mayor and about about you. Yes, I was I was just very proud to be there. Just wanted to say here. Yeah. Thank you for the all the work you do and the team does about restorative justice. Thank you guys. Okay, I think we are ready for a vote. All those in favor of the motion please act. Okay. Ready post. Motion carries unanimously. That includes that item and that brings us to our final item 5.1 town meeting television is here welcome. And I think it's going to give us and update. There's the partner. So welcome there. Jordan Mitchell is now our town meeting TV co director with Stephen Herron from leadership transition over there and so she's going to kick us off and I'm here to support. He's been doing a great job with Stephen carrying forward. Great. Welcome Jordan. Thanks for having me. I'm Jordan Mitchell, operations director for town meeting TV. And this is Kevin who's our trustee for telling TV to represent Burlington. Thanks for having us tonight as Megan, going through some transitions in our organization with that comes. And with that, I have left a couple numbers out of your packet tonight and I will get that to you after this meeting. So I'll read some numbers that are updated, but it's nothing too unusual. Apologies for that. So anyway, I want to give you a little overview of what is our fiscal year 24 your fiscal year 25 budget and also talk about some things that happened last fiscal year. So last year we produced 1300 programs for the community with 362 of these programs being municipal coverage for Burlington we produced 202 meetings. This was 28 city council meetings 17 mayors press conferences and 55 and being meetings. So our non municipal coverage included the old Norfolk and Ramble city markets 50th anniversary celebration lecture free libraries 150th anniversary. And they discovered jazz festival Memorial Day and things like that. Our contract stipulates the production of six meetings a month or seven to two meetings a year, as well as some other production within that we covered about 107% of the budget and never programs and covering 20202 out of 189 expected meetings. So time meeting TV is funded in large part by cable subscribers of Comcast and for telecom municipal contributions help to cover other operating costs. So this year, we are requesting an FY 25 city of Burlington municipal commission of 27,783 for general operating funds and that that number is in your packet. This is a 5% increase for last year, and you can see past municipal funding support history on packet page 52. Part of that was left out. We are also requesting 16,695 to town meeting TV production support of ongoing hybrid meeting coverage of the six neighborhood planning assemblies per month. And this is also a 5% increase from last fiscal year. This represents less than half of the actual costs of services. Lastly, we're requesting the same as last year 40,000 to CCTV productions for additional burlington municipal meeting coverage. This was no increase from last year. And I have those numbers printed out I can pass it out to the folks in the room and I'll make sure that gets shared with the folks online. So secondly, we have an exciting update from the legislature that we're looking for your support to help get over the finish line. CCTV is part of a statewide organization, known as the Vermont Access Network. And we've been working for the past several years to find a stable and permanent funding source for community centers across the state. We've been successful in getting one time bridge funding for the last few years, but now we're ready to propose a permanent solution for the legislature to show support for our request for asking organizations to sign on to a letter of support. And I can share this letter with you all as well. And this would later be shared with legislators for their 2024 legislative session. I'd like to of course thank Kevin for being a town meeting to be trusted to represent Burlington. And also one of time meeting to be staff Miller staff members Bella who's online who you don't see but she's currently recording the meeting from our office. When you have your city council meeting she's the person in the room. So thank you to both of you for your support for community media. So thank you again for the continued partnership and the opportunity to present. Are there any questions. Thank you for that. So open to the board for questions. Yes, I mean, this is this is so great. And I think from the perspective Megan, this is for you that you are getting the next generation ready. This young person sitting down right here talking to this council about CCTV of the great work that they do. And you're knowing also that when CCTV created and the support it received from the city. I'm just happy today that young person like the future of CCTV it's a very good hand. I'm happy about that and happy to sign that letter to whenever you're ready to keep up doing the good work. It's important to mention that Jordan came to us originally as an intern. So we talk about the work that we do supporting interns during the graduated BBM and came to us through Richard. Lots of program there and worked as an intern did some production work and then we didn't wait long to hire her. Because as you see, she's an amazing asset to what we do. We'll say I'm just to underline the letter of supports for the legislature is both a general letter of support for a fourth year of rich funding out of the general fund. And that last year was a million dollars that went to the access network 23 access centers around the state. And then the second is a general support for legislation that we expect to see come through with the House and Senate. Starting in January to support some replacement of cable revenue as we see cable revenue decline. We're coming to the municipalities to ask for general support. We're also looking for other mechanisms to support what we think is a really important partnership that we have both with government entities but also with our community. So we will always have adverse revenue source. The CCTV production side is our fee for service that supports the work as well. And so that's what we're looking for in that letter of support sign up. Just add a little bit to the kudos of the trustee so I'm the Burlington trustee for those who don't know. If anyone at this meeting or anyone on the council has things you would like town meeting TV to do happy to go through me to do that. But I see my role as twofold. One, I make sure the town meeting TV is fulfilling its contractual responsibilities to this municipality. And that jobs really easy because they're hitting 107% of their targets. And there's really nothing that they won't do to support getting the community program to the community. Another role is advocating to this municipality and other stakeholders to support town meeting TV. That's why I'm here tonight and that's I want to underscore again the legislative support is important. They love bridge funding, harder to get ongoing support so fixing this cable revenue always falling year over year, asking municipalities for more more every year that's going to break at some point soon so the legislature really needs to step in. And bridge that gap, not with a one time funding request, but long term solution. So that's really where, where the future is. Great. President Paul, go ahead. Thank you. I just wanted everyone to know for the record that, you know, the past, the representative for the representative to town meeting TV has always been the city councilor and I became council president, no one was jumping up and down to be the counselor representing doing this work. And the resignation of two city counselors, there's too many, too many committees to, to keep track of, and we were lucky. We were very lucky. We were very lucky that Kevin moved. Kevin was inside Winooski and moved to Burlington, and I was like, Oh my God, you can be representative, and you've done an amazing job. You've made it so easy for all of us to be kept informed and I told we totally know that, you know, we totally know that our commission is in, is in the best of hands. So thank you again for, for stepping up and doing this it's been, it's been wonderful having you there and what can I say about town meeting TV Bella is at the council age does great job. And it's been great. So thank you. Thank you all. Scott Barker, your C. I was going to come in November, we have a alliance for community meeting in northeast or sector industry representative. You know, what do you call that. We're together under one roof in the same world and Scott Barker is going to come and speak. I think you're out of town that day. And so he's going to come and speak on behalf of the city. We are in communication with him and Catherine shed to some degree and also to with Scott Rogers around to our various different partnerships and so you know the door is open to keep having conversations about what we're covering how that coverage is working. And the setups and the different community rooms, the setup upstairs, etc. So this really is a partnership and we are happy to keep doing it and happy to keep communicating with you about how we can do better. Great. Well, good. Thank you very much. We will take all this information. Under, you know, we're very helpful to get these kind of communications and this request at this point in the process as we're early in the budget process and we, you know, as we have in the past, we're going to be a good partner and to have a financial commitment to tell me television going forward. So we do, we do have budget challenges on our end to and we do need to kind of weigh this request with everything else in the budget process but we appreciate getting at this time and taking the time to lay it out for us in person and good luck to you during its critical community role and welcome and we look forward to working with you. Thank you. Okay. And I'm going to close that item. And that concludes our board agenda. And no objection. I will adjourn the board of finance at 559 am. Thank you very much.


Suppose we want to color an arbitrary graph. One potential problem is that when we assign a color to a vertex, this limits the possibilities for the adjacent vertices, which limits the possibilities for the vertices at distance 2, which limits the possibilities for the vertices at distance 3, and in fact, every vertex in the graph. This means we can't reliably assign colors to vertices that are far apart. So to avoid this, we can begin at any vertex and assign it a color, then assign its neighbors a color, Lather, Rins, Repeat, until we color the graph. So let's describe this as an algorithm. We'll assume our colors are 1, 2, 3, and so on, up to some maximum value of k, which at this point we won't predetermine. We can select a vertex v1, assign it the lowest numbered color different from its neighbors, go to an adjacent vertex, then Lather, Rins, Repeat. For example, we might try to find a coloring of this graph. We'll choose the starting vertex, about this one, and give it a color, about 1. We'll then choose one of the adjacent vertices, about this one. Since this is adjacent to a vertex colored 1, we have to give it a different color number, so we'll give it color 2. Now we'll go to an adjacent vertex. Say this one. Since this is adjacent to a vertex colored 2, we can give it color 1. That's the lowest color number that does not appear in any of the adjacent vertices. We go to an adjacent vertex, and from here there's only one adjacent vertex. Since this vertex's neighbors have colors 1 and 2, we assign it color 3, and finally we go to the last vertex, and we note that at this point, its neighbors have colors 1, 2, and 3, so we assign it color 4, and so our graph is 4 colorable. While this is a way to color the graph, is it an algorithm? Remember, an algorithm must terminate and always produce an answer. Since we eventually go through all the vertices, this algorithm definitely terminates. We'll assume the graph is connected since if it isn't, we can apply the algorithm to the connected parts. And since we always assign a color to a vertex distinct from the colors of its neighbors, we'll always get a K coloring. So this is in fact an algorithm. However, while this is an algorithm, is it a good algorithm? And in particular, we have a bunch of choices we make here, and so we might ask, do we get different answers if we make different choices? Well, let's see. So again, we'll assign the first vertex color 1. This time, let's go up to this neighbor. If we go to another neighbor, we'd assign it color 2. Then another neighbor, we'd assign this color 1. Then the next neighbor gets color 2. Our last vertex, we're adjacent to vertices with colors 1 and 2, so we can assign this color 3, and our graph is 3-colorable. So notice that when we went around the vertices this way, we were able to color the graph using only 3 colors. Again, just because a graph is 3-colorable doesn't mean that its chromatic number is 3. It just means we haven't found one that's less. So we might ask, is the graph 2-colorable? And in this case, note that it does contain some 3 cycles, so it can't be bipartite, which means it can't be 2-colorable. Now, you might notice that our first graph coloring algorithm is actually depth-first. We follow a path down through the vertices that are connected. What if we tried a breadth-first algorithm? Try it! So we'll start at the vertex, and stop me if you've heard this before. We'll assign it color 1. The adjacent vertices are actually connected, so we have to introduce two new colors. So we'll label them 2 and 3. The next vertex is not connected to the first, so we can reuse that color, and the last vertex can be assigned one of the already used colors, so this graph is 3-colorable. Well, let's do a more complicated graph. Let's do this both ways. We'll use our depth-first coloring and then our breadth-first coloring, and then see if we can find the chromatic number of the graph. So for the depth-first coloring, we'll start at a vertex about this one. We'll assign it the first color, and we'll go to an adjacent vertex and color it. And we'll lather, rinse, repeat until we've colored every vertex in the graph. And so we can find a 3-coloring of the graph. If we do a breadth-first search, we'll start at a vertex, and we'll expand to include all the adjacent vertices, and since some of these adjacent vertices are connected, that means we'll have to assign our colors a little bit more carefully, and then we'll expand from those vertices, which gives us another 3-coloring. And since a 3-coloring exists, the chromatic number is less than or equal to 3, and since there are odd cycles, G is not bipartite, so the chromatic number can't be 2, and since G is not totally disjoint, the chromatic number can't be 1, and so our only choice is 3.


In the spring of 2022, researchers from Colorado State University deployed NEON's mobile deployment platform to the Conza Prairie Biological Station in Manhattan, Kansas. The objective of this research project was to equip NEON's MDP tower with edge-enabled sensors to conduct responsive and real-time data-driven soil microbial sampling, immediately following fire disturbance. This novel deployment of the MDP system, in collaboration with SAGE, a mid-scale project funded by the National Science Foundation, used thermal imaging cameras to guide soil sample collections across gradients of fire severity that drive biogeochemical feedbacks.


Go ahead. We're trying to calculate here the average molecular weight of air. Of air. This is a very useful calculation that we would be needing in several of our problem solving things. We all know that air is composed of roughly nitrogen 79%. And O2 is 21%. We should remember that O2 is not 21 precisely, but we would use this approximate composition and try to figure out what is the molecular average molecular weight. We know that the molecular weight of nitrogen is 28, and oxygen is 32. Sorry, 32. So average molecular weight is actually mole fraction of each of these components, A times molecular weight of A plus mole fraction of B times molecular weight of B plus and so on. So in this case, we have only two components which is 79% or 0.79 times molecular weight of nitrogen is 28 plus 0.21 times molecular weight of oxygen, which basically comes out to be roughly 29. So average molecular weight is 29 for air. And if we do precise calculations, it might be slightly different. However, for the purposes of this class, if we take it as 29, that'll be good. Basically, what this means is 29 grams per gram mole. Or we can also say kilograms per kilogram mole. Or the same thing, 29 will not change pounds per pound mole.


The divestment movement played a key role in helping liberate South Africa. The corporations understood the logic of money, even when they weren't swayed by the dictates of morality. Climate change is a deeply moral issue too, of course. Here in Africa we see the dreadful suffering of people from worsening drought, from rising food prices, from floods, even though they've done nothing to cause the situation. Once again, we can join together as a world and put pressure where it counts.


It is the touch line here on Y25. I hope you enjoy the show. You just go to social media. It's at Mirumbi Osoro hashtag touch line and we are still enjoying ourselves. We are talking about all matters of sports. HSBC 7 is out and it was there for the Kenya rugby 7s and here to talk about that is none other than our rugby expert, the director of youth and innovations at the Kenya rugby union Kikechi Combo. Thank you for inviting me again. Let's talk about the postmortem of the two legs that we had in Canada, the Vancouver 7s and the Edmonton 7s where Kenya came second in the first leg and also third winning bronze in the second leg of the Edmonton 7s. Big wins for Kenya 7s. I think the boys played very, very well. It was exciting to watch the matches even late at night because it could keep us going and how they were playing and the integration of the new players and the experienced players. It worked out very well and that shows how the talent, how Kenyan is rich with the talents in terms of players' generation and the party of the players as they grow up and enter the national team. Covid-19 had really impacted us because we looked at our preparations for the Olympics where there were not many matches going on, mostly the Kenya Cup and everything, but this team looked that they were technically oiled to play together the way they played. One interesting thing with the Kenyan rugby is the mode of play, how they play and they play the same kind of rugby and this one goes through the same training. You find we have the same trainers and most of the coaches are local coaches and whenever you watch the local circuit, 7s, you'll be able to see these teams, they play the same kind of rugby. So it's very easy for a coach to identify a player or the selectors to identify a player and send that player to the national team and you find that that player will be able to fit in the team and play. The way you were saying, so also Covid-19 had really affected the game, but it was happy, it was good to see that the game was back and the player played up to the end and we had the final case he'd be playing and get the scabras in Nandi Bears. I think that was good and also it was now to bring back the players into shape and even those players, when they were called upon now to represent the team, even those ones who were not able to play at the Olympics, you find that they played so well, likes of Amunga, Demoy, you saw how they played with Maishi and Vati, they played so well because of the Kenya Cup coming in of that particular game and also playing up to the end as much as they were breaks but towards the end you find that they was called that consistent over the Kenya Cup matches up to the end. And some of the players that came out from these two legs of the HSBC 7s in Canada was Jeff Oloch and Alvin Oteano being named also onto the dream team. Talk about Alvin Oteano first, his rise onto the rugby 7s team. Yeah, I think now Alvin Oteano is now at his peak in terms of playing and he's been with the national team. We remember he was not used much 2015-2016 and even when the Kenya team won the Singapore 7s in Singapore, beating Fiji with a very huge margin, he was part of the team and so that consistent now he's at his peak now and he's playing so well and even himself he's also enjoying the game and even the commentators see how they are commentating and he's mastered his way of playing the position he's playing and also in the training and having gained that particular experience in playing the 7s circuit so he's enjoying himself in terms of playing for the national team. And also Jeff Oloch is also another fantastic player who is also on the side. Yeah, and that's why now you see even the teams they really fear Kenyans when it comes to the breakdown because these are people who are hearing those breakdowns and they are very aggressive when it comes to the breakdowns and in 2016 when Fiji were complaining when they made the final they said we are going to lose that much in the breakdowns because Kenyans are very aggressive and they are very strong in the breakdowns turn over and securing the balls and it's working out that cohesion of Jeff and Alvin having played together for long we find that they have geled up so well and they are playing so well for the national team so it's good to see that every circuit Kenyans participating in were part of the dream team we have Kenyans players there. At the moment when you look at the HSBC series our biggest obstacle at the moment for me I can authoritatively say it has to be South Africa, it has to be the spring books how can we beat this team because if we beat that team we will be winning all these 7s circuit so I think you are in it out these are African players and when you look at the statistics it doesn't mean that Kenya has not won against South Africa we have won even kept on itself and when you look at the way I have seen the consistent of all the coaches who have come in coaching the national team I have seen that whenever Kenya plays South Africa the margin is too small because Kenyans are mastering and they are closing the gap against the spring books but still the spring books have a very good development program that's the 7s academy and you can be able to see the players who have come from the 7s academy like Robert and Angelo Davis and they are very aggressive and they are playing very nice rugby and that kind of a mode of play they change their play at a very high speed so even the teams now if the teams are not good in defense so that's where they are beating and whenever they discover their weakness even if you make your defense that strong they start to grab and rush and get the ball and score so that's where the coaches probably have looked and having lost twice to South Africa the one in the finals and the other one at the 7s so that's a challenge but it's a lot of time and Kenyans will close the ranks with the South Africa and when we look at the two legs now as we wait for the other one to come in what was our biggest lesson from those two legs? well, the biggest lesson was we need more integration of the young players coming in the national team and we saw the captain now having called it off we went up a number of experienced players and young players are coming in so it's now time for us now to eat the small pocket the new players, the young talent is coming in to step up and find that they are now ready to fit in for the big shoes and fight for the national flag for the national team big one there for us at the Vancouver 7s where we came second and also the Edmonton 7s where we came with a bronze medal and then coming back here at home we are going to talk about also the Simpas they are preparing to go to South Africa on tour and they will be playing some of the best teams that are actually in South Africa when are they leaving for South Africa? well, we are here to give the exact date but the plans are there we saw the coach naming the 40 players who will be moving the camp to prepare for the test matches and these test matches are good you remember Kenya have been very close in qualifying for the World Cup but having lost to Zimbabwe last time when they had beaten Namibia and losing to Namibia and also losing the re-peachage but you see now they had made huge strides in terms of preparation for the World Cup remember the one for 2019 they went to re-peachage in France so that was a big step and so this time just now they have to bet on that and that's why now Kenya has taken a huge step in terms of preparing themselves and it comes to the qualifying matches now the pool games where they make an impact to be able to correct where they went wrong last time and make it instead of going through the re-peachage to make it straight to the re-peachage directly yeah, you know now the losers will go for like last time when they lost Namibia and then we went for re-peachage we played against the Canada and Romania and when they travel to South Africa they will be going against the established teams like Namibia Zimbabwe and also Brazil but also an all set side that will be coming an all star team that will be selected they have to play against the Zimbabwe but there are also some also new debutants who are called onto the team we have got Beto Lanami of Stratumorliu and Jojo Molo of Muamba also being integrated onto the team what do you make of the two young players coming onto the Zimbabwe it's a big assignment for them and new experience also for them and I know having played in Kenya Cup and participated with the same players who are in the national team they need now to it's a big colour for them they need to step up and fight for the position and make it for the final selection and also probably fight for make it to qualifying matches so it depends on how they be able to step up but it's good can be able to see other players also coming in and fighting for the position with the senior players and playing against those experienced players well a big chance for the Zimbabwe to make us proud as they are also scheduled to go to South Africa to play in those matches there and the competition is likely to start on November 6th to the 14th of November so we'll be waiting for the exact date when the teams will be travelling to South Africa to play in the Kari Cup and the Zimbabwe wish them good luck but we've got to talk about also some news that came out international in South Africa finally managing to win the rugby championship test against the all blacks big match it was it's a big match for SA and being a world champion there was too much pressure on the spring books and they hate now also to prove that actually they are the top the number one nation in the world to fight until the end you see how it was it was going either side but actually they were the lucky the last man standing and they got the penalty but I saw the coach now having realized that when they were training towards halftime they had to make the changes, the front three Bronin, Malcolm X and Kitzov and the coach now they came in and you find that they got a penalty and it reduced the margin 10 to 20 now 11, 20, 14 14, 20 I think that was a good step and now when they came in I think the second half was for the spring books and they really played well and managed to win that one against the all blacks it's a very tricky side but also having new players also coming in and also testing how it was a big one for them I can understand how these test matches are structured because before the test match between South Africa and the all blacks I think now has gone up to 100 test matches between the two sides we also had the British Lions also come to South Africa for another test match against the spring books and then you look at the rugby championship some of the teams that are there spring books you look at the all blacks the wallabies of Australia also how is it structured that one that's a tournament for the southern hemisphere the rugby championship it's a tournament for the southern hemisphere that's for New Zealand all blacks Australia, Pumas of Argentina and spring books they normally have that particular tournament but this one is the British Lions normally have a tour after every four years so this time now in South Africa then they will make another tour to Australia then after four years again they will make it to all blacks then back to South Africa that's the traditional tour for the British Lions so that one is for years so they will come back again to South Africa after 12 years that's why it's a big deal when they come back to South Africa but it's been very difficult for them to win with the all blacks but the last one when they won for the first time it was a big thing international media was taking much about that particular game but also now it was big time for them having come to South Africa it's a tour for the spring books and the world champion so it was quite a number of players who are playing for the England national team who are playing for the British Lions so they are going to meet the books who defeated them the world cup finals in 2019 but the other one the Arabic championship the Pumas have been unlucky they have selected we have been boys for that particular tournament but it's good for the Argentinian rugby because having played also players have been getting experience and that's why we see the barbarians who have been called up because of that particular experience of playing in the world cup playing with the championship cup and having grown the Argentinian also have been able to grow and we expect them also to do well even the 7th team for the Argentinian is doing so well we saw how they played at the Olympics big one there for as a South Africa one against New Zealand in that rugby test much championship with a very late penalty 21-29 let's come back home a lot of changes that are coming up before the new season kicks in and Impala Sarasens actually managed to name Oscar Osir as their new coach now replacing Mitch Ochola what do you make of Oscar? Oscar is a he's a good player he's played for the national team and he's also an Impala player he has an experience and that's what he takes to taking Impala to the next step Mitch has also been a good coach and now he's a part of the NS team and also been Mitch has also been and a coach for Nakuro so I feel that's a good thing also and I know he'll be able to he's capable of carrying on the assignment with Impala Sarasens to contest for the upcoming Kenya Cup for the next season well big one therefore Impala Sarasens the last time we won the Kenya Cup was back in 2009 but now they'll be playing alongside Pull A side KCB Menengai Harley Quinn, Mwamba and homeboys and the first fixture will be the Ngongro Dabi against Kenya Harley Quinn and that one will be coming away I think up to late November we will have tentative fixtures that we have so far we wish also Oscar Osir good luck in that new assignment some of the other changes that are coming on to the Kenya Cup well I think now teams are preparing and they are doing what they are transferring on his own now so teams are doing the transfer registering their players so we expect when they close over the registration now we will be able to know how things will be lining up for the coming season but we hope to have a very very competitive season Kabras was unlucky to Kenya Cup again but I know they will be coming up strongly so KCB with their coach who is also the under 20 coach Katis very tactical coach so how we change the game and KCB were able to win that particular match actually it was one of my how can I say it one of the toughest things you can also watch in the world of sport because I think the other time Kabras was leading by 20 points and KCB had no point at all then at the end of the coming on to the 60th minute they were tied at 25 then also we were talking about it I think in studio the last time we were talking about kicking and penalties and it's what won that game they got the penalty and they sealed over that particular game but Katis being a very tactical coach having won the Kenya Cup he knew what to do towards the second half and actually KCB stood up and they were able to challenge the very strong side towards the last minute the last quote of the game that's where everything changed so it's about the endurance and when it comes to 15th games about also the endurance and how to manage the game and that's where KCB were able to win the game I also mind control coming on to the game because when you are leading 20 points you've got to be exact you're going to win this one but also that time frame for you to think that you have won the game and as it happened also in the championship final between South Africa and New Zealand last minutes of the game it's true it's about the mental strength of how you'll be able to hold on with the game it's key once you be able to control the breakdowns you control the set pieces it was key and that's where when we saw the spring box we were able to on the breakdowns and set pieces fast in exchange of the game that's where they were able to get they were able to go on for the offside and they won a penalty and it sealed the game so it was applied the same you see Kabra's got a penalty and Dubena was unable to convert then KCB went on to get one and it was converted and it sealed the game one thing also for getting a penalty I understand that the USIU team is actually in Uganda playing in Makareira for the university sites and they are playing there what is our curriculum like for the university and some of the coming up matches that will be coming up next season that's a king's tournament it's for universities in Africa and Nani has a head and upper hand South African University normally head and upper hand but I know Kenyans will give them a run for that particular tournament USIU has done well but also have Black Blood it's a strong side Kenyan side we also have Min Machine and also we have Daista Nationwide team so Kenyans were represented in that particular match all of them actually there Kenyans once hosted so we expect the Kenyan side also to do well in that particular tournament but the winners now will be able to qualify for world invest championship in Russia that one should happen this year next year now so the tournament is happening this year that's in Uganda we are going for Kenya there as we are also preparing for our teams and last time when we were talking of the record and you talked about our players develop late when it comes to rugby that's why the likes of Collins in general still good to play rugby at the moment you doing that now we can get our players starting to learn the gamers early enough so that they can go ahead and deal with these young South Africans the way they are playing their rugby ok ok we look at our rugby normally players mature late when you come for your assessment and on your statistics but now we are working out Kenya rugby union with the structure with our development structure we are trying to bridge that particular gap because initially what our players have been setting they are getting very late mostly in high school and high school is only four years so we find but this particular player is learning the game at very late and you remember when Mike once was here he said he was an issue with the national team but now the Kenya rugby union has come up with a structure where we started the primary school then we also have good structures for the region the regional development of the radios so what they are doing they are also identifying the players early enough but they are identifying these particular players based on the age grade we have under 10, we have under 12 under 14, under 16, 18 under 20 so this particular elite players we now pull them together we bring them to the national they play together and when they play together this particular coach can be able to identify the right skills for these particular players early enough and that's why last month I had to launch under 20 girls because this is something that has never been there but for the first time now it has happened in Kenya because we are preparing ourselves we need to call, we are having olympic in 2024 we are also having World Cup in 2025 World Cup 2025 we will be having 16 teams Kenya must be at the World Cup 2025 the women team Olympics also have to make an impact in 2024 we saw how we played this year they played so well but now we need something and we need now to prepare early and these particular players now because we have realized that our players are maturing there but they still can be able to present the country and they are playing the country very well and I'm not saying that's a big issue when it comes to the players I saw Fiji in 19 that was 2009 they went on, they were saying the old team they cannot be able to win the World Cup and actually Fiji with the likes of Sereni they went and won the World Cup 7s the biggest in terms of our age, average so what we are doing now we are starting in the primary school then now these players can be able to learn the skills very early then now we can be able to identify these elite players and put them in those age categories and then as they move up so now we are preparing ourselves for 2023 we already have the team and that's why Polaroid has named the team for 2023 World Cup in Paris in France but now we want to look at 2037, 2031, 2034 and 2039 which players are going to play there we need to start early so that we have elites and accomplished players who will carry the national flag for the Republic of Kenya finally before I let you go malem we have got to talk about the Safari 7s I understand it's actually coming on to I think late October it will be coming out can you give us just a sneak peek on some of the teams that will be coming for the 7s I think what normal happens because we confirmed and the minister said go ahead to host the tournament so they send out the invites and now the teams are confirming but I think they will be able to now the union will be able to compile the list for those teams that are confirmed but for now we are waiting for the confirmation is not complete for those particular teams that will be playing at the Safari 7 but it's good because that's where Kenya has identified their players for the national team once the team those players who presented the team they went on to play so well at the circuit so it means a platform for us in terms of preparing for the 7s and then I remember because of COVID-19 and everything that came with COVID-19 we had only one competition and that was the Kenya Cup and it made us know to have a promotion and a relegation coming on to next season we are going to have Kenya Cup are other competitions also coming like the championship will they be coming back also we expect now to roll out all the leaks now and for the matches to and that's why you said you've seen the draft fixture coming out because it's for all the teams so we expect all the leaks to be back to play and we're happy to see that our rugby will be back in all stages because this is where now we have a platform for the party of the players some of them now playing for the national team championship and graduating to the national team and also for the under 20 team that's where also now once they are playing competitive rugby we can also be able now to get right players to represent our country Vancouver is over, Edmonton is over what is the next stop for Kenya 7s now in the rugby series HSBC? 1 more, that's in Dubai and late November and early December and Dubai will be hosting the 2 so we also expect to carry on and do well as we prepare for 2022 season San tesana malim, thank you for coming here on touchland to give us a sneak peak on what is happening in the world of rugby, director of youth and innovation at the Kenya rugby union KKC combo here with us today to give us everything a sneak peak of what happened in the world of rugby, let's take a short kumashu break there with the highlights of the semifinals of the UFN nations Lake Belgium, they are losing to France by 3 goals to 2 when we come back we will be having Erika Ganya and Taira Soiaki and we will be talking a lot in the funds on considering there is a new rich man in town


Global trade and investment and commerce does require a fair amount of certainty. And the uncertainty that President Donald Trump has brought to regional and global trade is very disruptive. So a lot of uncertainty about US policies, how inward looking the United States is going to be, and combined with Brexit and the troubles in Europe, the rise of protectionism and nationalism leaves a huge amount of uncertainty globally. That's troubling for the global system and the region. The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement was important for the US in Asia and US entrenchment of economic and political interests in Asia. So the US withdrawal from the TPP, the Trans-Pacific Partnership, is symbolically significant and hugely un... it's very worrying for partners. A lot of the negotiating members, the 11 other countries, used a lot of political capital in negotiating this agreement. And having the US withdrawal kills the agreement. I don't think the Trans-Pacific Partnership can continue on without the United States. So it's a matter of picking up the pieces and looking for alternatives going forward. We're very uncertain about what policies Trump will implement. During the campaign, Donald Trump promised 45% tariffs on Chinese imports, 35% tariffs on Mexican imports. Either or both would be a disaster. That's unprecedented and would lead to large shocks internationally. And Australia and the region, others will suffer significantly. It'll have major welfare implications, but it also will test the rest of the world and the global trading system. So the WTO, for example, challenges through the WTO take many years, will be underway, but also other countries will retaliate without waiting for WTO dispute settlement. So very worrying if those come through other measures such as the border adjustment as part of corporate tax reform in the US, broader tax reform as it currently stands is not consistent with WTO obligations that the United States has agreed to and the Europeans are lining up to challenge the United States if the United States undertakes that, which would be significant for relations between the United States and Europe and the United States and the rest of the world. So it's very troubling times if any of Trump's campaign promises are implemented. There is a worry that after a year or leading up to the mid-term elections in the United States, if employment hasn't picked up and manufacturing jobs haven't come back, then the Trump presidency will be forced to pick out China or one of these other big countries, especially China, that they have a trade deficit with and implement protections policies. So Australia is a small open economy and countries in the region to our north and our partners around us rely on an open system, open rules-based global trading system, an economic system. If that is undermined by the United States, which might well be, I think these countries in our region have to form coalitions of like-minded open economies that have an interest in keeping the region open. So we can't sit back and wait for something bad to happen, but we have to push ahead with reform, opening up liberalisation and looking for ways we can draw clear lines and build coalitions against inward-looking policies in the United States. Now that might happen in the G20 with Germany hosting this year. The United States is party to the G20. It will be difficult, but there are big strong interests in the G20 that require an open system. But most of the action will have to come from Asia. So Asia is still growing faster than the global rate and relies on open markets to expand their trade, to develop their economies and to do so in a hostile external environment is very difficult. So Asia needs to create a more positive external environment and a ballast against these protectionist forces elsewhere.


When it comes to Super Nintendo games that weren't released in the US, the Firemen is kind of an unusual one. For one thing it was one of the handful of games that came out in Japan and in PAL regions but skipped North America entirely. It's also one of the strangest yet easily approachable games on the Super Nintendo because you are quite literally two Firemen and you put out fires. Sounds pretty mundane, right? The Firemen is much better than it sounds on paper. It's structured in a way that has you in one giant high-rise going through six levels guided by a map at the top of the screen. And yeah, you put out fires, rescue people, fight fire bosses and robots that are on fire, but there's more to it than just that. For example, the fire patterns you have to deal with can be creative. There's firewalls rolling at you from all directions, there's flames that come at you in a centipede kind of pattern, there's fireballs shooting at you, and you have to put out each pattern in its own way. It's not a good idea to just go brute force Rambo on these fires with your fire hose, otherwise the fire could come roaring back. Yeah, to fight the fires you have a fire hose that's, uh, not really a fire hose since you just sort of produce water somehow. Yeah, I'm not gonna make the obvious joke there. You also have to do a fair share of dodging as well, and the game lets you crawl by holding the A button. The thing is you can't use your fire hose while crawling. You also have a partner controlled by the computer AI who just wanders around swinging an axe. He's also evidently completely fireproof because he just saunters into the flames with no fear waving an axe around. Hey, it works. Kind of. I don't know how, but it does. Oh, and yeah, you might think the fireman is two-player co-op, but it is not. It's just a single-player game. The biggest thing that makes the fireman stand out is how open-ended the gameplay is. You don't have to put out all the fire to progress through the game, but it does track the percentage of the flames you put out. So this is a good game for a 100% run if you're into that, and you don't have to rescue people if you're okay with letting people burn to death and suffocate from smoke inhalation. The game does reward you for saving people by filling a good chunk of your life bar back up, though. The fireman may sound like a simple straightforward game, but believe me, it gets pretty challenging once the building starts to collapse. Yeah, you have to watch out for the floor giving way and explosions beneath your feet. Also, you eventually have to contend with backdraft, and you'll be dodging every bit as often as you'll be using your hose. The game stays well-balanced, though. It's challenging, but each hazard you have to deal with has some kind of cue you can look out for. I should mention there's a lot of text in this game. A lot of back and forth between the two firemen, between you and the people you rescue, and it's all pretty standard stuff you'd expect. I guess it does kind of add to the drama a little bit, but just a quick tip, if you pound the select button, it speeds past the text much faster. Anyway, yeah, the fireman is an impressive piece of work. It takes something like firefighting and makes a very solid game out of it. I know that natural inclination is to wonder why this never came out in North America, and you might assume that it's because of the rather dry and boring subject matter, but we got our own firefighting game over here called The Ignition Factor, a decent game in its own right. But I'll take the fireman over that game. It's a well-made, open-ended, carefully balanced title that's more fun and maybe a little more challenging than you might guess.