Okay, let's see if you grasp the full ramifications of what Mill is talking about. So let's ask, what relevance is one's own interests in moral decisions? What role do your own interests, your own happiness, your own pleasure, what role does that play in making a decision? You're supposed to maximize the greatest overall happiness. But there's a lot of people out there. There's a lot of different decisions, a lot of different actions, a lot of different ways that people live their lives. There's a lot of different things to consider. What role does your, do your interests play in this? Do you get to consider your interest above everybody else? Do you get to perform those actions that increase your own happiness?  Well, Mill's pretty emphatic.  You are one more person in the crowd. So here's a question. All right, suppose we have three possible decisions. Action one, action two, or action three. And for action one, it produces, suppose we can quantify happiness in this way. For person A, represented here, I think that's blue. I'm a little colorblind, so I'm pretty sure it's blue. It produces five units of happiness for person A, five units of happiness with person B, which is, is that red? And then five units of happiness of person C. Okay, that's one decision. Everybody gets the same amount of happiness. Okay, well it's supposed to be considered action two. Action two, person A gets seven units of happiness as well as person B, but then person three, if person three, C, excuse me, person C, only gets three units of happiness. And then let's look at action three. Action three, person A gets 15 units of happiness, person B and person C only get two. So here's the question. According to Mill, which action should you take?


This study assessed the efficacy and safety of trans-catheter arterial embolization, TAE, for spontaneous non-neurovascular acute bleeding in patients with coagulopathy. The results showed that TAE was successful in all cases, with a 92.5% clinical success rate related to nine cases of re-bleeding. Additionally, correction of coagulopathy within 24 hours of TAE resulted in better clinical outcomes. This article was authored by Roberto Minasai, Federico Fontana, Massimo Venturini, and others.


Okay, Bellinger, Wilson, Decker, Donahue, Hammond, Heidemann, Caw, Lussard, Lundusky, Maticek, Brasler, Van Akron, Vanderweel, Versey, and Wongamon. Thank you. If you'd please join me in the Pledge of Allegiance. Pledge of Allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. Alright, thank you. Next we have the approval of the minutes. Alderman Carlson. Move to approve. Second. The motion and a second under discussion. Hearing none, all those in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed? Alright. Next, resignations. City Attorney McLean. Don Dolson has advised that he's resigning from the Historic Preservation Commission effective immediately. He was just elected county clerk and is going to be taken over shortly and working on preparing for this. Alderman Carlson. Move to accept and file the resignation. Second. It's a motion and a second to accept and file. Clerk will call the roll. Born. Aye. Carlson. Aye. Decker. Aye. Donahue. Aye. Cannon. Aye. Heidemann. Aye. Lassard. Aye. Lewandowski. Aye. Madicek. Aye. Racler. Aye. Vanderweel. Aye. Bursey. Aye. And Bellinger. Aye. Thirteen. Motion carries. Next we have public forum, City Clerk Richards. We have our 13th Street. If you want to hold on just a second and you will have five minutes. Okay, thanks. Sure. First of all, thank you Susan, appreciate it. To the council members, I don't greco cab service. We just passed the taximeters which I pushed for because I felt that the city of Sheboyin, the constituents were not getting a fair treatment from other cab services. So I decided to put my own in. Well, as we had the meter put in, I have to get it certified which is paid on certification. Well, as we passed these through the, through the common council and along licensing, we went through four meetings. There was only one meeting where we said how much some of these costs are going to be. And that was the last meeting here where they had said that it was going to be about a minimum of $200. Well, I get a letter the other day saying that we are not going to have a $40 meter fee, a $50 initial processing fee and an annual base fee of $30. Add it on to the fee that we normally do to the city and then add it on to the fee of the certification. So now for me, I don't care, I have my own. You've got six or seven companies that have five or six cabs. When I researched this, the meter itself, I got lucky and I found a guy at Milwaukee. I paid 310 bucks. That's a brand new one. If you get a used one, it's going to be about $200. Added all these fees, it's going to come close to $400 for one cab. Just, and most of that's the permits. Now, when I called the state guy, he had no clue on this at all whatsoever, which is fine. And I can understand a $50 processing fee. Now, I was told the other day that it goes through weights and measurements and you need a permit from them to have the meter in. Well, four meetings and two common council meetings and nobody said anything. That's pretty frustrating, especially when you get phone calls from other cab companies yelling at you, knowing that you pushed for this, saying, now you just cost this X amount of dollars. Which, you know what, finding dandy, I understand that, but just the fact that the five, the six meetings and nobody said anything. You know, I don't have a problem with being certified and doing those things, but now to get it certified twice. Now, I have to pay this $40 fee plus the initial $40 fee that I only paid. Now, you're looking at 80 bucks. Now, the processing fee is for what? The state guy? Okay. And then the $30 base fee is for what? No one said anything to us the last minute. And it was thrown at us last weekend, which is, or Friday, which is, you know, I mean, that's a pretty tough nut to swallow at that point. That's a lot of money up front right away. And I just did this just because I felt that nobody was getting a fair shot out there as far as the customer. You know, one day they're paying five bucks, the next day they're paying seven. Here was a good opportunity to show that everybody's going to be seeing what they're going to be paying. And now, I guess no good deed goes unpunished that we're going to have to come up with this. You know, and I feel bad for the other companies that, you know, they got seven cabs. You're looking at probably two grand just for permits and meters as opposed to what it was before if it would have been $200. If they bought one with their initial fees that they normally pay to get a driver and a van, what the cities are. But now they're going to go, like I said, I got four or five phone calls yelling at me that this is what happened. So I decided that I'd come and let you guys know that we believe that this is kind of unfair at this point. If there's something that can be done, if not, I mean, I'll pay it. I don't have a problem with that. But it just seems to me a little bit in excess for that purpose and what we've tried to accomplish with having the meters in the vehicles. You know, we're small businesses. We're not making a lot of money. You know, there's a lot of us, but like I said, when it's a $4 ride here or $3 ride there, that's a lot of money going up front, especially with insurance being as high as it is. So it's, and I feel bad for them. Like I said, my good friend at All Star, they're paying a lot of money for insurance. Now to add this stuff in there, that's a lot of money to come up with and it's going to be a tough one. You know, so if there's something that we can revisit to see why these extra charges are there and then if it's legitimate, okay, it's there and we have to do it. But up until that point, this is not a fair shake for us. Thank you very much. Thanks, Chris. Thank you. And next mic, Brunette. You may go. All right. Yeah. Mike Brunette. And your address, Mike? 1925 South 26th Street. Okay. And I'm looking, I think you're voting on, I don't know if it's being presented or voted on, but a study on organization of the fire department tonight. And I like studies, I like studying studies. But if anybody's familiar with the Gigo principle, garbage in, garbage out, and it's like, you get what you ask for. And basically, when you read the layout of what you're asking for, you're asking them to compare ultra comparables instead of asking them, how would you really revise things and what would you do pie in the sky? What would you do? What would be the best case scenario to come in and revamp a fire department and make it nice and efficient? Like in there, there's a lot, you know, for, it's asking them to compare similarly sized cities and similarly staffed fire departments. Right there, you're binding them to the fact that it has to be that big. And if anybody's seen, looked at the numbers of what they're producing right now, it is also a leading statement saying what it does. But if you look at percentage of calls, it's overwhelmingly ambulance and then fire department. And correct me if I'm wrong, but that was my understanding on it. But it reminds me of back in the day when I was in Minnesota, where we had a directive to redesign our newspaper. I go into the first meeting and I look and we have all the newspapers from around our area, such great, the Faribault Minnesota paper, the Oatana paper, and kind of like, this is ridiculous. And I went and looked at what the top 20 design papers in the country were, had them overnighted. We basically took the best principles from everything and we went with that and it ended up, we were the biggest chain in North America at the time and several hundred papers adopted our layout including the Sheboygan Press at the time. But basically we went for what's the gold standard? What's the best we can get? What's the best bang for the buck? But that study leaves it open to get what can we get? That's kind of like what Fondlec has, kind of like what Waukesha has. And if that's the best in the world, cool. But I'm thinking it's probably not. And switching it up on subjects now and it's like the great mayor's race as perpetual is going to be starting off. And right now there's two people in it as far as I can tell. Terry Venakren and Mike Van der Steen. And I don't know, there will be more. There always is. But it's like right now it's made the best van win. And it's like to me it really doesn't matter which one, as long as they represent the city well and are straight open with it.  And I don't try to hammer people on anything other than issues. But this is an example that this is, yeah. But it's like this is an example. This is John Kerry when it was at the point where they were right before the Iowa caucuses from the thing of it. And it's like I was offered $2,000 for this site unseen. But this had the possibility of becoming that tank picture. And it's like you guys saw it. My class saw it. A bunch of visiting professionals saw it. Other than that, nobody has even seen this. Because it's kind of one of those this shouldn't just shouldn't wreck somebody's career one way or another. And at the same time, same thing with this.  And it's just one of those little things there's nothing you can do about. I mean, it's and it's just really nothing.  And basically she's doing nothing but addressing it. But it just freezes on and it says Senator Ronan Clinton. Well, did you have a good night tonight?  But somebody wanted to use this and needless to say no papers want it. The Republican Party wanted both of these because they wanted to hammer on both of them. And it's just I looking forward to what's coming up. And it's like, I just hope everybody plays fair. That's all I got. Okay, thank you very much. All right. Under I guess acting mayor's comments. First off, I just want to thank everybody for last week. Making it on Friday, Wednesday, Monday, the previous Wednesday. I know for a lot of you had to rearrange schedules and things like that. So, you know, I really appreciate your efforts last week. All right. Consent agenda to 1 through 2, 9 Alderman Carlson. Move to accept and file all ROs except and adopt all RCs and pass all resolutions. Second. All right. We have a motion to accept and file all ROs except and adopt all RCs and pass all resolutions under discussion. The clicker is working. The clicker is working. Clerk will call the roll. 13 ayes. Motions carry. 3-1 through 3-5 to be referred. 4-1 was withdrawn. 4-2 through 4-6 to be referred. 5-1 RC by law and licensee recommending denying beverage operated license 9781 based on her failure to accurately reveal all relevant convictions on her application and a record of violations related to the license activity. Other person Vanderwill. Thank you. I move that the RC be accepted and adopted. Second. There's a motion and a second to accept and adopt the RC. Is Jessica Lyons here this evening? She's not here. The vote was 3-1 to deny based on mainly based on appending unlicensed persons serving alcohol and some of the things that she said during her interview with us. There's a motion and a second to accept and adopt. Any other discussion? Hearing none. All those... I'm sorry. The clerk will call the roll. 13 ayes. 6-1 lies over. 7-1 Resolution 101-12-13 by older persons Hammond Carlson and Riesler entering into contract with Tyler Technologies for the implementation of the Human Resource Module of Munis Software. Alderman Carlson. Thank you. I move to pass the resolution. Second. There's a motion and a second to pass the resolution under discussion. Hearing none. The clerk will call the roll. 13 ayes. Motion passes. Other matters. The city attorney, McLean. 8.1 is an arrow by the city clerk submitting various license applications for the period ending June 30, 2013 and June 30, 2014. Will it be referred to law and licensing? 8.2 is an arrow by the city clerk submitting communication from Richard Ruppnick requesting a waiver from the sex offender residency restrictions in order to live at 14-16 when it's forced. That'll be referred to public protection and safety. That's it. That's it. I move to adjourn. Motion to adjourn. Second. Motion and second. The roll please. 13 ayes. Thank you very much.


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. I am Paranjoy Gohar Thakurtha and we are going to discuss the 20th December statutory order issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs which authorizes ten agencies of the Government of India to intercept, monitor and decrypt any information in any computer. Subsequently, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has issued what it calls a draft note seeking to amend particular provisions of the Information Technology Intermediaries Guidelines Rules ostensibly to, and I quote, deploy technology-based automated tools or appropriate mechanisms with appropriate controls for proactively identifying or removing or disabling access to unlawful information or content. Is the Indian state now increasing its surveillance? Over ordinary citizens? What do these notifications and proposals to amend the rules mean for freedom of expression of every citizen, including journalists? And what does it mean in terms of the privacy of citizens? To discuss these issues, I'm very happy to have with me here Pravir Purokashto. He's the editor of NewsClick. He's been very, very active in issues pertaining to freedom of information. Pravir, what do you make out of this Home Ministry order of the 20th of December which authorizes ten agencies, the Intelligence Bureau, Narcotics Control Bureau, Enforcement Directorate, Central Board of Direct Taxes, Directorate of Revenue Intelligence, the CBI, the Central Bureau of Investigation, the National Investigation Agency, the NIA, the Research and Analysis Wing of the Cabinet Secretariat, the Directorate of Signal Intelligence. These are areas they operate in Jammu and Kashmir, the northeastern part of India, including Assam, and the Commissioner of Police. What do you make of this Delhi? That's correct. The Commissioner of Police, Delhi. Yes. Now, why now? Why suddenly when the Home Ministry itself says that these have been going on?  Well, you know, there are different interpretations that can be put on this. One, the benign one that anywhere they had those powers, because this comes from the section 69 of the IT Act. And in fact, this was also challenged in the Supreme Court as a part of the Shreya Single Challenge. These rules were framed in 2009. That's correct. We're talking about 2009 rules. We're talking of the Home Ministry, which is really the section 69 of the IT Act under which they had certain powers. Section 69, the powers under section 69 were also challenged in the Shreya Single case, which actually struck down provisions of the 66, section 66, which had really draconian provisions which the police were using for all kinds of things, tweets that people might have made, Facebook post people had made. And it was finally seen to be a complete overreach in terms of law. The Supreme Court intervened. Section 69 had not become controversial at that time and the Supreme Court sort of let it stay, though there were apprehensions regarding section 69. What does it really say? It essentially has omnibus provisions that if certain authorization has been done by what the government of India and India and various, shall we say administrative bodies called the competent authority as defined in section 69, the very funny book called the competent authority as you know. Okay, let me interrupt you briefly and read out to you what the Minister of Home Affairs has said. They are saying this statutory order has been issued in accordance with rules that were framed in the year 2009 and been invoked since then. He said no new powers have been conferred on any of these security agencies or law enforcing agencies and furthermore it says that the notification has been issued essentially so that ISPs, that's internet service providers, telecom service providers and intermediaries codify, underline codify the existing orders. And then it goes on to say every case of interception monitoring decryption has to be approved by competent home secretary or in the state government. What is the reason for doing it now? I think that's the important part if this has always been there. Why now? Why now? And I think when we see the intermediary guidelines just sort to be modified, I think if you take both of them together. So I think it's very clear that the modification to 69 or the shall we say not so much the modifications, clarifications as the Ministry of Information Technology says with 69 was also to be seen in conjunction with the intermediate guidelines, intermediary guidelines which they are modifying. Taken together, there are two broad things that I want to draw your attention to. What is none of the state governments folk figure anywhere in this? Though they have a competent authority. They have competent authority under the act, there are certain powers given to them as well. But the way I read it, now this has been taken over entirely by the central government and its agencies. And if you take into account all the things we are hearing about CBI, somebody calling I think one of the DIGs who have moved the Supreme Court, talking about the extortion directorate as calling the enforcement directorate. So I think that these are really draconian powers which are inherent in the section 69, which we did not challenge as vigorously as you perhaps should have. Now we are aware of the dangers when it is clarified in this form. So central government is now saying we have the sole authority to do quote-unquote digital wiretapping if you will and we should be able to- Digital surveillance if you like. Digital surveillance, digital wiretapping whichever way you want to phrase it. And it is directed also at intermediaries like WhatsApp. All right. Now this is the key issue that comes up. We are going to come back to that but let us take one or two steps backward. According to the notification or the clarification issued by the ministry of home affairs, all such instances of interception or monitoring or decryption are to be placed before a review committee headed by the cabinet secretary as per rule 22 of the information technology procedures and safeguards for interception monitoring and decryption of information rules 2009. And this committee is supposed to meet at least once in two months to review cases. The second point is according to various RTI applications right to information applications every week thousands and hundreds of telephones are being tapped. Now furthermore the government is claiming that this statutory order of the 20th of December is to ensure that any interception monitoring or decrypting of any information through any computer resources done as per due process of law. This is what they're claiming. They think that's why it'll help. And it says that you know notification about these agencies will prevent any unauthorized use. I want to stop you all right because I think we need to understand what the two things that have happened as I said one is this seems to be directed and what's happened encryption as one part of it. There are two other parts of it which have not drawn attention. One is the Supreme Court has as per the judgment on privacy we call the Puttu Swami judgment has already said that people have a right to privacy. And this is a fundamental right. So now if fundamental right really come in conflict with section 69 what happens? What is the shall we say the surveillance laws you call it the surveillance laws. How do the surveillance laws square up with the right to privacy given under the Puttu Swami judgment and what should be the modifications done to these is an open question and also the Srikrishna commission on data privacy has also talked about measures required to square up all of these into our existing legislation. So that's one part of it. Second part of it and that's an even more important issue. You see once upon a time all these things were drawn up at a time when they had to issue orders to the different agencies and ask for information to be provided to them including pulling up conversations metadata access to phone conversations and so on no longer the case today they have now got what we call the central monitoring system that now it's tap into any service provider and they can pull in any information they want let's face it this is very much like the NSA and GHQ model which is a US and what is the general headquarters which is basically what the British intelligence agency is called the competent authority. This is the one which the Edward Snowden had disclosed that the national security agency of the US government had actually been invading the privacy illegally illegally and he also pointed out GHQ's close links with NSA and GHQ and Indian authorities functioned in a very similar legal framework because we draw our laws a lot of it from the colonial laws. Now Indian telegraph action. The important point is it is no longer asking for information they are really pulling information of any amount that they want directly from the cell phone mobile telephone lines whatever you call it today and this is in this is something which is hardware the centers we know where they are and they have access to all the all the telephone systems that we are talking about today service providers and this is now sought to be extended to all digital communications as well. Let me play devil's advocate let me here tell you what the Ministry of Home Affairs is claiming and they are claiming that this notification does not confer any new powers. They are claiming they are saying adequate safeguards are already provided in the information technology act of 2000 and similar provisions and safeguards and procedures already exist with the more than a century old telegraph act. Now they have been modified time to time. Now these they are saying the present notification that means the the recent notification is also subject to a robust review mechanism and it is analogous to the authorization issued under the old telegraph act. Now what is it every individual case will continue to require prior approval of the Home Minister of the State Government and the Minister of Home Affairs has not delegated its powers to any law enforcement or security. This is what is being played though we know they gave blanket permission to hundreds hundreds of people virtually every every day. You see this is like the NSA what constitutes pulling up what constitutes permission and so on. I am not going to get into technical details of this but let us understand what is happening. Ministry of Home Affairs has given blanket clearances for X number of agencies like this they will give a post fact to approval for anything these agencies do. It is a reality of what is happening today. We we cannot prove it but this is what we understand is hearing or what you hear from is happening.  Now you know if you remember the famous maintenance of internal security act reviews which is to take place during emergency the MISA. There are thousands of people who are in jail and they were all routinely reviewed and all the reviews said you know the grounds are perfectly okay and it should continue forever. So this this kind of reviews which take place is far single depending on the political authority the important part is why is it being done now. This is I think the crucial issue and you believe it has lot to do with the fact that the political atmosphere being what it is we are going to see the next general elections. I think it is very clear that as long as as long as WhatsApp was under the control of the BJP's electoral machinery they did not they did not really need this but now everybody is using now that everybody is following suit therefore the need to harass because you see if you criticize the BJP they can call it anti-government and anti-national and therefore any criticism of the off shall we say the existing political party in power could be construed to be an anti-national activity therefore subject to all the searches and harassment even if you can't prove any of these things finally all right but you can harass them. Now the interesting aspect and again I'm asking you tonight again go ahead a little bit what happened is the day after the statutory order was issued by the Minister of Home Affairs which was the 20th of December on the 21st of December the Minister of Electronics and Information Technology with members of what is called the Cyber Law Division they convened a meeting there were representatives of Google representatives of Google Facebook WhatsApp basically the major intermediate Yahoo Twitter share chat the Securities and Exchange Board of India and the Internet Service Provider's Association of India there was supposed to be a sort of a closed door session and a five page set of draft rules which are now available in the public or the mighty mighty website that's all this all happened in the 21st of December and now the point that everybody has to understand and this is where I'd like you to explain it. If the proposed and by the way these people who were part of the meeting they have been given time till the 7th of January to respond to these draft proposals. Now have we turned gone back in a sense regressed after the Shreya single judgment of the Supreme Court which was in March 2015 which repealed its struck down section 66A of the Information Technology Act which allowed the arrest of those who were posting offensive content online. Now you're saying you're proposing to say you can go back to where you started from and the earlier one the Home Ministry's orders you know the I mean seven months you can be put behind bars for up to seven months I mean whether you do it or not is another story so how do you see is it all really WhatsApp again. You see let's put it this way this is a lot to do with encryption as you saw the 69 the section 69 they were talking about in the IT Act refers to also de-encryption of computer resources. So and if you see what the intermediary section that we are talking about of the IT Act again it refers to essentially again encryption issue. So I think there is a battle that's going to come up immediately Facebook has to give its encryption keys to the government of India so they should be able to pull up anything they want but Facebook just hold on just hold as long as it is lynching as long as it is common and writes in Zafar Nagar in which Facebook you know was used but much more than that WhatsApp was used. We know it has been used extensively people have been asking what are you doing about it there is enough information available in public domain why aren't you prosecuting anybody till that point of time government appeared to be very shall we say continuing in its position of laissez faire on this you know one should not interfere in any of these things now the elections are close it raises an issue more than the legality of all of this and I think all of this need to be questioned in line of the Supreme Court judgment on the what is right to privacy that we should not be incriminating ourselves you know without the due process of law. So see what is on my computer but you have to exercise due process that part is not seems to not to be there but to me the main important part is why today why is it that suddenly it has become so important to look at all these issues which we have been raising for a considerable period of time that social media is used being used for all this shall we say violent incidents so the government is not cracking down on those who violate public law and order including bullenshire and suddenly you find this so let's say that we seem to be regressing in a okay possibility direction and it seems to be more than anything else in this particular time this particular time one must the charged political atmosphere post the assembly elections in the run up to the next general elections. Okay the opposition the Indian National Congress the Samajwadi Party the Communist Party of India Marxist the Rajasthya Janta Dal the Srinomul Congress have all been very very critical they are saying the right to privacy fundamental right this is all being done by stealth by by surreptitiously and and and and people have said this is unconstitutional it's draconian and and he says every citizen should be concerned when and Sitaram Yathuri has said why is every Indian being treated like a criminal and so so the whole opposition is predictably up in arms now let's hear another view the other view saying that the opposition is perhaps you know exaggerating the danger that that intercepting online communication systems monitoring coming computer systems is not really as simple as it is sometimes made out to be whether it's by the national investigative agency all of these so the contrary viewpoint from the Ministry of Home Affairs is that the new notification has only streamlined the process and specified which agencies can do the interception and the monitoring earlier it was free for all now I am quoting here an article by Dipthiman Tiwari in the Indian Express which was published a day after Sima Chisti broke the story about the draft rules to change the IT act yes please your reaction well I think the fact they're talking about exaggerating the danger is an admission the danger exists okay okay opposition is exaggerating it but it's a concession at least to saying that yes of course such powers are dangerous the question is that we are moving into a scenario where is wiretapping digital wiretapping is it to be done under only the internal jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home Affairs are the judge jury and executioner as it were of these set of policies or these powers that's really the question and I would submit that before any of these things takes place we have to go back to fundamentals that as technology changes the digital platforms emerge we have to go back to fundamentals what is the right to privacy in the digital age and I think these the danger of these laws being expanded in this fashion is a matter of concern probably you are a technical expert you have been very very active in the free and open source software movement in India across the globe you hold official you're an office bearer of free software movement but the contrary viewpoint is that you know platforms like WhatsApp have end-to-end encryption so even if the messages are intercepted at the gateway what you might get is a garbled text and the analogy that has been given in Deepthi Mantewari's article that you open like a Hindi text document on your laptop or your computer but you don't have Hindi fonts so it comes like garbled text and he said it can he said is very difficult to break what is called the 256-bit encryption it can take weeks or months by which time the information would be of no use well I think the intent of this laws are very clear that end-to-end encryption has to be broken by the intermediary and that's what is really the subtext of what is being argued and that is the the the source of concern and and and considerable apprehension and danger am I right yes absolutely absolutely this basically this whole issue of being able to see proactively means essentially demanding that encryption keys must be made available because they are saying that it should be proactive that the intermediary should deploy technology based to automated tools or appropriate mechanism with appropriate controls for proactively identifying and removing or disabling public access to unlawful information or content so that would really mean that encryption keys need to be broken the end-to-end encryption needs to be broken that's the argument which I have been saying has been the intent of both the earlier notification and this one. Okay now the other complication that a lot of people talk about that data is not kept kept here the data is they have said very clearly servers in the US wherever the servers are that they have to be given access if they are operating the services in India I think that position would lead to the position that data has to be localized all right no so those are said if India says that all data is 64-bit data then it's easier to break but if it's not 64-bit data it's 256 then it becomes the encryption okay now the encryption now again when you look at and here I'm quoting an officer quoted in this Indian Express report an unnamed officer it's a social media platforms with servers in the United States have been largely reluctant to share information and after 2611 there has been good cooperation quote-unquote India and US there are agencies and social media information has been shared on a case-to-case basis all related almost all of it is related to terrorism so the officer is also saying even if you have all these these draft rules or these rules are changed then unless these companies voluntarily agree to allow their access to that information it'll be difficult for the India's law law enforcing agencies to force them to provide this information because their servers are based elsewhere so this is the big battle which took place over Blackberry if you remember Chidambaram had actually asked Blackberry to give its encryption system he was at that time the home minister he was actually the home minister he wrote to the finance minister yes he did ask for access to their encryption keys because Blackberry had a messenger system which was a turn to Blackberry so I think we are reaching a similar point where this carpet is also essentially asking going to ask for two things one is localization of data which is coming in different forms already notifications have been issued for all financial data I think we're going to get that I'm not opposed to it per se because yes of course data localization is something we should encourage but at the same time that does not mean the right to privacy should therefore be arbitrarily construed by the government that's I think the threat okay my last question to you and you can sort of conclude with the big messages that are coming after the home ministry's notification after this proposal to amend the IT rules IT intermediary guidelines rules the media say a journalists if we say we want to protect the information that has been provided to us by a source on condition of anonymity and if we don't give this data I consider this private data a source of mine from a particular ministry has given me this data on condition that my source the name of that person would not be disclosed can I be put behind bars for seven years and under this laws that the way I see it that this is a distinct possibility both for you to be put under bars and a facebook or whatsapp in this case owned by facebook doesn't give access theoretically even their the company official city taken to put behind bars we know that's not going to happen they're going to negotiate with them and see what is what can be resolved but certainly you can be asked to de-encrypt whatever you have received which is on your mobile or which is on your computer and if you are using a lot of people use for instance encrypt whatever is there the hard disk of the computer you can be asked to de-encrypt it yes that's a distinct possibility but Praveer I mean what does it mean for freedom of expression and not just the citizens right to privacy I mean this is George Orwell big brother is is watching you and and and I mean what do I say they've gone ahead all all these proposals to change the rules these notifications there've been no public consultations whatsoever one bright day you were suddenly provided these these my virtue of a leak my virtue of a leak of a conversation they were having only with the intermediaries you see here is the issue that something which concerns every citizen becomes a discussion with only intermediaries you know when these rules and laws were put in place they were publicly discussed and in fact the intermediaries were actually lobbying with various groups hey you know for your interest you should do this this this now we seem to be going by intermediaries to the government to know what the hell is happening I think that's a that's something which is really ironic last pop comment I would make this is somebody's written this is 1984 beats a brave new world it's Aldous Huxley and George Orwell put together so we are in a far worse situation than either of them anticipated thank you so much for explaining what are obviously very very complicated technical and legal issues but nevertheless has an important bearing on the every citizen of this country every Indian citizens fundamental right to free expression and privacy thank you once again and all of us should be aware of how big brother is snooping on us and in the process are violating our fundamental rights to free expression and privacy thank you for being with us keep watching news click


Good afternoon and welcome to Rams TV for pre-season 2022-2023 the pictures alive from Valley Parade West Yorkshire Bradford City the Bantams are the opponents this afternoon and it is gonna be Derby County to kick off pre-season 2022-2023 so there it is pre-season underway with Derby County tremendous Lang having a run here at Staunton. Mendes-Lang has already shown what he's all about a tricky wing a bit of a step over gets his cross in here as well and that could be the first goal of the game but the goalkeeper makes a terrific block in the end and it has to be a double save as well but it was all about the run of Mendes-Lang to play that one into Barkhausen who slaps the ground in frustration. Yeah those two new signings really make an impact. Barkhausen making a run one side of him here Jason Knight the other side doesn't come to Jason Knight it comes to Louis Sibley Sibley with the ball it goes all the way through opening goal of the game and Derby have taken just 13 minutes to score their first goal of pre-season and in the end it was a brilliant cross-field pass that was converted. He's pray for South on the end of it brilliant ball from Sibley whether he meant it or not I'm not sure he's got a big smirk on his face driven towards that far post and it's pray for South who arrived late first time finish great finish as well big smile from Fossey getting really bright in possession Louis Sibley out of the pitch and wasn't sure whether he's gone for the Barkhausen pass. You can't argue with a finish wonderful finish on his left foot. Bradford looked to try and get level here could save from the goalkeeper on a terrific challenge as well. Really good saving tackle there. Hope it hasn't done any sort of damage. It's a great first save from Wild Smith and then recovery as well from Max Bird. It's a good tackle. This is that transition. His desire to keep on going goalkeeper makes the first save down to his right hand side and it's Max Bird who got back into position really well to make that challenge David's conceded possession here and a chance which lands on the roof of the net in the end from Jamie Walker. Well, he had a great opportunity to level things right on the stroke at halftime. Yeah, sloppy from Curtis Davis.  I think back to his center half partner in cashing and there's like again driving in towards the penalty area and again battling with Staunton. Another chance saved for the first time of asking. And then in this time it does end up in the back of the net. But I think it will be a goal that will be claimed by Tom Barkhalsen bounced off the defender and the crossbar in the end. But it is the second goal in stoppage time at the end of the first half and David lead by two goals to nil. And I think they deserve that second goal or some of the chances they've created down that right hand side once again. Jason Knight, wonderful pass into the space for Mendes Lank. He drives forward, look at his pace and power there, cuts the ball back to Barkhalsen, strikes it first time.  Great position. So as mentioned, Bradford have made a number of changes. Staunton, Chapman, Angle Walker and Young. All the players off the pitch and they're on the attack here now and they've got a chance in the middle. Golki was come out and made a really good block. That was to deny scales, wearing 17 for Bradford. It's brilliant play from Bradford. One and two touch football and the press trying to win the ball back. Exploited that with the space that was in behind.  I think Wildsmith has had a couple of opportunities. Just put his foot through. And there he's come to try and punch that one. He's missed it and it's had to be headed off the line in the end there by the experienced Richard Stearman. Wildsmith have a couple of opportunities just to put his foot through it when we're under a bit of pressure. Understand there is pressure. We want to play out from the back. It's just resulted in Bradford bombarding our six yard box. Always scores goals, it seems, when I've watched him at under 23 level. And maybe a chance through the middle here for Chavalski. Golki, but did well though. Harry Lewis had to get that right as well, coming right out to the edge of his box to deny Bartosz Chavalski. Yeah, it's a good save from the Golki, but comes out really quickly and invades that space that Chavalski wants to get his shot off. Glover taking on the defender and beating the defender. Here comes Ryan Glover inside the area. Well, again, right idea, but the defender, Oscar Threlkeld, got back and made the block. It's been really bright in the last five minutes. Glover, nice positive run again. Just love how he knocks it into that space, drives forward, look at the power then to get into the box. And on 90 minutes exactly, referee brings to an end the contest. Derby County could not add to the two goals that they scored in the first 45 minutes. It's finished in the sunshine, Bradford City 0. Derby County 2.


This is stock number 11211. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters and today we are checking out this super clean 2019 Chevy Silverado 2500 crew cat. I'm sorry double cab short box This is a work truck package. This truck has the six liter v8 motor It has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. It has four brand-new tires Havana brown metallic is the color We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to Check out the quality and condition of the truck before seeing it in person And if you'd like to check out all the photos on this truck in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link to our website Click that and check us out there This one comes with the 20 inch polished aluminum rims and it has Goodyear Wrangler SRA LT 265 60 R20 tires and these tires are brand new. We put those on in our safety inspection You can still see the little wear knobs on them there Framing on the bodies really nice condition on this truck Driver's side front fender no major dents or dings on there The front bumper is in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on that The headlamp lenses are nice and clear and you do get the chrome trimmed grill on here The hood is a nice condition as well. I didn't see any dents on that and the passenger side front fender No dents or dings on there Passenger side rim no scuffs or scrapes and that tire is brand new as well As you go down this side of the truck take note of how clean the body is how reflective and mirror like that paint is We take these HD videos So if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down But you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle You can see the truck hear the truck and of confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at Before you even get here so that when you do get here There's absolutely no surprises and that is why we offer the summit auto fast-pass option in the upper right hand part of your screen It link right to our website where you can apply for financing get pre-approved See a payment quote even appraise the trade all from the comfort of your own home So when you get here, all you got to do is drive the truck love it You'll be all set to go these back tires brand new as well and the frame and underbody is exceptionally clean on this truck Those box rails right there no corrosion on them, and it's like that all the way underneath Definitely what you want to see on a 50,000 mile truck lower rockers look really good, and it has all the remaining factory exhaust Box side is really nice and clean as we come around to the back here You can see the rear bumpers in nice shape But those have a full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring rear bumper steps The tailgate is in really nice condition as well Has a locking tailgate also the shock down assist tailgate Very nice spray and bed liner, and it does come with a turnaround goose neck hitch Beds really nice and clean Didn't see any major damage back there any dents or dings and as you go down the driver's side Just as clean as a passenger side Box looks really good and for full disclosure this back rim is in excellent shape as well That tire is brand new, and that's how you release that goose neck that is a curtain Goose neck and Down the rest of the side of the truck looks really good You do get the telescopic tow mirrors. They have built-in directional signals LED side lights They telescope out like that and fold in And you turn those side lights on with the cargo lamps inside the LT or I'm sorry the work truck package gives you the gray cloth interior No major rips or tears on the seats. They are in pretty nice shape, and it does have weather tech all-weather floor mats Auto headlamps factory brake controller does have tilt steering wheel power windows power locks and power mirrors and As we hop inside the truck we'll turn the ignition on so you can see the miles and everything Telling you that ice is possible. You can see that this one has 51,606 miles instrument cluster is very nice and clean steering wheel is in nice shape I didn't see any major rips or tears or excessive wear on there It does come with the six-speed Automatic transmission with the optional tap shift your four by four shifter is on the floor and that flooring is carpeted This one comes with the Chevy my link system and FM radio It also has projection so you can protect project your cell phone to the screen through Android auto or Apple carplay and You can so if you've got a navigation system on your cell phone you can Put it up there, and then you have navigation on your radio. It's pretty cool It's also where your backup camera shows up. There's your climate controls You do have heated mirrors and I'll show you those LED side lights in just a second You do have your stability control there as well passenger side format and seat Are in really nice shape. No major rips or tears on there And the headliner is in really nice condition as well Up here your map lights and your on-star capabilities in the mirror We'll take a quick look at the back seats, and then we'll check out Under the hood and start it up Back seats are just as clean as the front seats No rips or tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system fixed glass rear window These seats do fold up like so and then they lock into place with this strap And you get those weather tech floor mats back there as well They go down like that Bottoms of the doors are very nice and clean And we'll start it up and take a quick look under the hood These side lights you can see just how bright those are And I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video You'll have been able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around Inside note under the hood. We have the six liter VA motor engine bay is very clean runs very smooth This truck has been fully saved and inspected by our service shop once again As a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off has four brand new tires And this truck is 100% Ready to go and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks SCVs minivans wranglers you name it. We got it go to that website right there www.SummitAuto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summit auto comm and if you like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube comm slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there In fact in a second you will see link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left a link to more Chevy 2500 truck videos like this one on your right if you've not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website Click those check us out and we really look forward to helping with this super clean 2019 Chevy Silverado 2500 double cab Short box work truck and Havana Brown metallic. Thanks again for checking out the video


Some of you are constantly reacting and living from what hurt you, and if you don't heal what hurt you, you'll bleed on people that didn't cut you in the first place. I've done that in my life, and I've had it done to me, and I think we've all got to figure out where this lands for us, and beware the tendency to live, speak, react, make decisions, make choices. When you're in a wounded, open, wounded condition, it's not gonna be a good outcome. Wait, heal, learn, grow. That's the book we want to read. That's the voice we want to counsel us. That's the wisdom we're looking for. It's from people that have allowed it to become a massive act of service to the rest of us that are going through stuff and need someone the head of us to say, I went through that too. Here's what I learned. Pass it on to us.


Hello everybody, I hope that you're all doing well. Welcome back to my channel and welcome back to this little podcast series that I have started over here.  I did a little bit of traveling and so we just took a little bit of a break, not too long of a break, but we're back today with episode 4, I believe. And today I wanted to talk a little bit about a season of singleness as a single woman in her almost late 20s. I just kind of wanted to talk about the things that I have learned from my seasons of being single. And I wanted to make this video because there is such like a stigma or just feeling about being single that people see it as a bad thing and it's really not a bad thing at all. And so I have a list of like five ish talking points to share with you. And there are just five things that I've learned about singleness that, you know, you can actually use it to your advantage and use it as a good thing. And so I hope that if you are in a single season and you are feeling lonely or you're feeling, you know, hopeless that you may never find your person, I hope that these will help you find comfort and help you kind of alter the way that you think about being single until you do meet your person. And I get it. I know it's hard. I mean, I have been in love and I think being in love is one of the best feelings in the world. I miss it every day. Doesn't necessarily mean that you miss the person at all. But you know, that feeling of being in love and having that partnership is a great feeling. So I get it. I totally get how it's hard to kind of alter your mentality. But I hope that these things will help. So the very first one I have written down here is to learn how to be thankful for your single season. And I know that's hard. And that's something that I really had to remind myself of when I first, you know, all the times that I entered my single season.  And we're all getting older and in one day you'll probably be married and have kids and you'll never get a long time like ever again for the next 20 plus years. So it's it's a season that you might not ever get again. And so if you think about it like that, you'll learn to enjoy your alone time and you'll learn to enjoy the quiet. You'll learn to enjoy a random Saturday where you didn't make plans and you can sit on your couch and watch whatever you want in pajamas if you want to. And there might be a time in your life where you may not be able to do that again. So that's something to keep in mind. And two, you have so much more free time to see family and friends.  So you have more freedom to do things and go places and see whoever you want and do whatever you want. And you have the room to become the best version of yourself. So that's the first one is try to alter your mentality and learn how to be thankful for it. The next one is a hard one to kind of get through your head I think, but it's that you're not missing out. I get it. I am like I said entering my late 20s, I am getting to that point where every time I go online someone else is engaged or getting married or this that and the other thing. And while you're so happy for them, it's easy to compare yourself to them. Like, oh, we're the same age. Should I be doing that? I should be doing that too. I should be in that stage of my life. But you know what? Everyone's timeline is different. You're not missing out. You just haven't found your wisdom yet and that's okay.  And you know, trusting God's timing, I've learned trusting God's timing is always better than trusting your own or trying to make your own timeline. So just try to remind yourself that you're not missing out. Your timeline is just different. The next one I would say is don't settle. And it's very easy to settle. People do it all the time, especially when you know what it's like to have a partner and you know what it's like to be in love and to like have that person be your person. When you don't have it, it creates a void. And so you want to just date someone to fill that void to have someone to talk to all day, someone to go out to eat with or whatever. It's human nature. I feel like we've all kind of been there. But I had to remind myself that, you know, relationships affect every part of your life. They affect you emotionally, physically, sometimes mentally, sometimes spiritually. And so if it can affect you like that, imagine what the wrong relationship would do to you or what it has the power to do to you. So jumping into just any relationship, you know, it's this risky business and every decision that we make now affects is going to affect our future. So don't settle just because you want somebody to fill that hole because the right person will. But until then, use yourself to fill that void. We'll get there. Number four is your patience is not in vain. And as cheesy as it sounds, good things do come to those who wait. And this is something that I have to remind myself of because I'm sitting here and I'm like, God, I'm being patient. Like I'm doing all the things, right? And another big thing that I remind myself is honoring God and, and, you know, putting him first will always be worth it. And I'm not trying to make this video totally about that. But for me, that's that's what I'm trying to implement in my life and remind myself. Because, you know, we think we know better, but we don't. That's that's where that's where the patience comes in and it's hard and it sucks. But you gotta do it. Okay. And the last one, number five, you guys are going to think I'm a cheese ball for this one, but I'm going to say it anyway, because it's true. And I have found this to be true for me. In this season, this is where you should be putting yourself first and loving yourself first and dating yourself first. And I mean that when I tell you that I bought myself flowers once a month, I was buying myself flowers once a month, I still kind of do. You know, this is the time where we we find our our identity and we get self awareness and you find purpose like this is where you become yourself and I genuinely have felt that the last couple of months where I've been navigating this this season, you really become the best version of yourself.  Once you have that self identity and that self awareness and you're like, okay, I have a better grasp of like who I am as a person. Again, as as my own person without a partner, then you can properly love someone else. And I think our human nature is we we go to like love somebody else first without learning to love ourselves and then we expect that person to make us feel good about ourselves. And it doesn't work that way. It should it should go the other way and I have been guilty of this and that's why I can say this because I have learned that lesson. You have to be good with yourself first so that you know who you're bringing you yourself bringing into whatever relationship comes next. And I'll never forget the one day that I was like, wow, I love being single. It was the first time since I I got a relationship that I was like, wow, I am like thriving. It was a Sunday afternoon. I had gone to church in the morning. I went grocery shopping afterwards and then I was pulling into my dad's driveway to have like family dinner with the family and like watch a movie and just have a a night in at their house. And I was like, I never got to do this before because you know, you always had something to do or you were always with your partner and not that that's a bad thing, but you do kind of lose a little bit of your own like self identity and it was in that moment when I I became so like content in my singleness and I was like, I love this and it was from that that week was the week that I realized, okay, I think I'm ready to like see what's out there and maybe try to date again just to see just to like dip my toes in a little bit and that's how I kind of realized that once I was okay, I think I said it in my very first podcast episode full circle that when you're content with your now you can God will slowly start to reveal your next and I really do believe that and that's kind of where I am now and so the next episode that'll come to you in a few weeks might be sooner than you think. I don't know because now I feel like I'm on a roll. I'm going to talk about a couple of points to keep in mind when you are ready to date again and these are things that I had to relearn myself because dating is hard. It was hard a couple years ago and now it's a lot harder so that'll be the next episode so if you're curious to hear those points if you are in a similar season like I am then that'll be coming to you really soon. I know this was a little bit shorter of an episode than usual but I hope that you guys got a little something out of it. I look forward to reading your comments down below. Thank you so much for being here and I will see you in my next episode. Bye guys!


The loneliness came back, worse than I remember. I don't get it, though there's some devoid inside.


What's up everybody? Jayce here for jasperjasekatesprac.com. 2021, Origins, football, Pikachu number 5, R&B just sold out, which includes the Bear, Steelers, Eagles, Dolphins, as well as the Colts, Bills, Panthers, Packers, Giants, Rams, Lions, Seahawks, Titans, Raiders, all 14 of those teams there. And again, please note that there will be some non-numbered cards, guys, from these teams, including autographs, relics, base cards, etc. Remember, all unnumbered cards in this break will be randomized to the block of customer names, and one customer in one lot is going to get that at the end of the break. And again, if we go by the left side of the serial number dash, first number on the left side, and there you go right there, and there you go. So here's the dice roller, and again, for selling this out, guys, we only sold nine spots. We're going to give away a free spot for the customers that bought spots in this break. So here's the dice roller, here's the customer names, there's the nine customer names. What we're going to do is randomize those customer names with the dice roller, then paste in the extra name, then randomize the customer names and the listed numbers, and then we'll do the break in a separate video. So let's roll it. It is a one out of three, four times. Good luck. One, two, three, four. Boom, four times.  A little free $150 extra R&B spot. Boom. There's the customers there. Okay, so three out of one, four times. Now here we go, four times. One, two, three, four. Boom. Mark down to Mike Tower. Four times, four times. One, two, three, four. Boom, four times. Seven down to eight. All right, so Margie has about seven. Matt with three, Jeremy with four. Andrew, any and all credentials. These teams will be yours, Robbo with six. Brett, your free spot was nine and you have five. Steve Wright with two. Adam Coverham with spot one. Any one-on-ones at Mike Tower with eight. So there you go, guys. Now coming up next in a separate video is Origins Pikachu number five.


Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Hello. Okay, friends. Myself, Akhilash. I am working as a, working as a system administrator under professor ADP Phatak. We have a five member team. I will introduce them. They are sitting in the back. One is Swadipatil. Can you raise the hand? Swadipatil. Swadipatil. And Kalyan Ram. Rahul KV. And Saurav Vimal. Okay, they are handling the system and infrastructure for this project. So I think today we are going to discuss about the Linux. I think how many of you are familiar with Linux? One, two, three, four, five. Most of the people. Which flavor you are using? Distribution. Distribution. Which flavor you are using? All of the people. How many of you are new to Linux? Raise the hand now. Only two. Three. Only four people, right? Only four people don't know Linux. Not audible. You don't know anything. You are new to Linux. You are using only Windows. How many people are only using Windows? Not reduced to Linux. Okay, fine. I think everybody knows who invented Linux. Who? Okay, fine. How many distributions are there? Tell me some names, no? Debian. How many of you have done any course in Linux like RHC or RHCA? Anyone done that course? Not here. So anybody done any course like RHC or RHCA? Anybody here know any courses is there like Red Hat courses? Anybody have any idea? You know Red Hat Linux, right? You don't know? You know Red Hat Linux? No. Because Ubuntu you know in your colleges you are using Ubuntu. That's why, right? There is a famous distribution called Red Hat Linux. Right now they are using Enterprise Linux 7. It is paid. But they are giving support. So that's why they are charging. Only for the support they are charging. Linux. So they are distributions like Fedora. Fedora is their open source community. And also there is a Linux called SendOS. Anybody heard about SendOS? SendOS is exactly RHCL 7. What they are doing is only taking the RHCL 7 and changing the logos. Rest of the things are there. If you go to inside all the files. So you will get a same feeling like this in open source community. They are only helping out. I think it's clear. Right? So in Linux I think you can see everybody is interested only in graphics. Like Windows. Everybody need Windows. Like GUIs. Right?  Only in commands. Like this one. No graphics, nothing. You want to type the command. You want to edit the files. Then only everything will work. In GUI if you want to change an IP address. If you want to change something. You want to go to the corresponding area. Right click. Change. You give the IP. Everything will change. But here how we will do? If I login then also I will get only this black and white. If you want to change an IP address. If you want to change your host name. If you want to add a new user. If you want to change password. How we will do from this? But GID will not work. No. I think everybody know in Linux is fully this configuration. Like you can change any configuration. You can go to the corresponding configuration. And you can change what are the things you need. Then restart the service. It will work. You have to know that. For that you want to learn some commands. Like creating folders, directories. Changing password, creating users. I will switch to graphics. Next is a Linux system is booting. Anybody know the boot process? Boot process. How a system is booting. When you are switching on a Linux machine. How it is booting? What are the steps? Louder. Boot loader first. Okay. Okay. Partially it is correct. I will show you. You can go through this presentation. I think I am not explaining so much. So these are the six steps. I think most of the people know. What is the first one? BIOS. I think everybody know BIOS. Right. Then MBR also most of the people know. Master boot record. Then grub. I think maybe that is a new word. Grub. What is grub? Grub. Okay. Then kernel. Then init and level. Next slide you can see what is BIOS. If you do not know. As many as system is switching on first it will check. If suppose a RAM is missing or some hardware is some problem. Is the system boot? Yes or no? No. No. How it will identify? From this part. Right. I think you understand anybody have doubt or BIOS? No. Next is MBR. I think in the there is no need to explain everything is here. If it is success then only first step is success then only it will go to second one. Otherwise it will not go. Okay. Then grub. So grub means if you install a windows as well as Ubuntu or any other distribution in a single machine. And I think when I reboot the machine you saw the screen is coming with the three four options. So that screen is called grub. In that three four options are there like first is windows then Ubuntu then Ubuntu rescue mode. If I have any other OS in my system it will show that also. So I can select from there. We can set the timing. If you want to default it will go to if you want to go to windows we can set. For that we want to change some files configuration files. Okay. Then run levels. Anybody know about the run levels? This is the run levels. Run levels you know. Suppose if I am using a terminal like I will get on a black and white screen. Right. There is no GUI or anything. I want to shut down the machine. How? Simply power of the machine. No. I want to shut down the machine. How you will do? Because we are using only desktop because we are handling with only servers. In servers there is no need for GUI. Because nobody is going to the server room and full 24 slash 7 we are not accessing it. What are the things we want to do? We directly assess it. And what are the things we want to do? We change the file. Save it. We start the service. It will work. There is no GUI because my server room is in another building. Otherwise every time I want to do some changes. How you are saying? Okay. I will do this. If I run from here to there. I will go back. I cannot do it. It is a full terminal. At least you know how it means in it is zero. If you type in it is zero. Ender the machine will go down. Okay. Understand. Next is single user mode without networking. In it one. So in what cases this using is for troubleshooting. Normal variables we are not using in it. For some emergency if the system go down. Something happens. After booting it is not booting. Otherwise you forgot the password of the system. Including root user. So if you want to change. In that case you want to go to single user. Even from the grub itself you can change the parameters. And you can directly boot to single user. It will not ask any password. Nothing. Directly you will get a back end by screen with shell. You want to type the commands. Change it. Restart it. It will work. I think everybody know single user as well as multi user. You know multi user. Okay. Then there is no need to explain. Same. Second means you will not get internet. Like dindra network you will not get. But multiple users can act. Third one is the full multi user mode. In this mode you will get all the features. But there is no GUI. X window will not come. Like GUI will not come.  With the shell prompt you will get. You can login. This third word means we are using in the server. Because there is a reason for that also. Because if we load the desktop. It will take more processing as well as more RAM. From the server side there is no need for graphics. We need more processing power. Plus we need more RAM. So simply we will avoid that. Okay. Four is not using. Five means you can see X11. X11 means the graphics. Most of the these things are if you check. All of them have graphics. That means it is running in the run level file. Okay. Next is six. In it six. If you put in it six and enter the machine will remove. But you should have pseudo user. Otherwise it will not allow. So all of the run levels it is loading from the file. If you go to the files you can see these files. So to the machines you know you can see this file. In ETC or C.D you can see these files. So this is, sorry please. What is this screen? What is it? Entering commands. The same screen you are getting here also. Okay. It is taking the input from the keyboard. And giving to the Linux kernel. And giving the output. If you run some command. I think most of the people know the basic commands. Like everybody knows. CDLS, LS-L. How to hide a folder. Means everybody knows the permissions. Then I do not want to go there. Permissions. What are the permissions? Read write execute. Okay. Read write execute. Good. If I put this you can see a lot of read write executes are there. What is that then? Don't read write execute. Okay. How many of them know that? You can see a lot of read write execute. Read write execute. Around six are there right? Read write execute. Read write execute. Everybody know that? What is mean by that D? Okay. Before that I will show some basic commands. I think most of the people will go. Because they know already these things. Like LS means those who don't know they can refer this. I think most of the people know the Linux. You can learn from there. If anybody don't know how to install Linux. How to install Linux. Be honest. I will train you.  You don't know how to install Linux. Everybody know? You don't know? Two? Three? Anyone else? You? Four. I think you four people can do one thing. By tomorrow onwards I will not be here. Monday I will be available. Monday afternoon. You can fix the time and come to ASL lab. You know ASL lab. There is a building. Air processor Portuguese. You know that. In the ground floor there is a lab called ASL lab. You can come there. For schedule and mail to me then I will give a training. How to install Linux. Five people can come together. Okay. So simple commands like my friend said already LS. Means you can explain what is LS. Loudly. At least. Or. Okay. Louder than others can use this. Five people don't know Linux. So how you will get help? You need help for a specific command. Okay. If you don't know any command. Any options you can put man. LS. It will show all the commands. Means all the options. Sorry. LS minus A. You can refer this. And you can proceed further. Then PWD. And everyone press and working directly. And what is top command? Top. Karachi running process. Karachi running process. Top. Understand what it is. What are the process currently running? And this show. It is changing. You can see now. It is changing. Real time. Then how you will check who is logged in. Then what is this? Okay. How to check the IP address? IP config. Not IP config. IF config. IF config. IP config is in windows. If you put IP config, it will give something else. Okay. IF config. How to check the host name? Host name of the machine. How to check the domain name? If you send an FQDN, how you will check? Right now it is done because we are not searching the domain name. If in the servers, you will get the domain name. Okay. Then how you check the connectivity between two machines? Ping. Everybody know. Ping command. Ping. Then the next machine's IP address. Just giving. When anybody know NS lookup. It will give the IP address of the Google server. And then you know how to add users? Not GUI commands. GUI everyone know. User privileges, normally there are three commands. User add, user mode, user delete. User add means we can add a user. User mode means you can change some features of the users. User delete means we can delete the user. User add, user mode, user delete. And we are used. Okay. Now in the server, I want to download a file because I do not have any GUI nothing. I am getting only the terminal. Black and white screen. How I will download? Wget. Wget. Alright. Wget. Wget. If you give the path, it will download that. Okay. And how to check how much memory the system is using? GUI. GUI is not memory. The GU itself, it is there now. What is GU? Disk usage. That is not related to memory. No. How you will check how much memory it is using in my machine? How much RAM is free? G part n means that is disk partitioning, not memory. Memory, we are not able to partition. How we will check the free memory? The command is free. Free minus m means it will give in megabyte. Free. How you will check the release? If you do not have any GUI nothing, you are getting only the screen. How you will get this 12.04, 13.10, how you will know? Anybody know? If GUI is there, you can go there and find it will show this is the version. No. No. If you are working in a server, no. Never, we are not able to restart. Restart. lsb release. lsb underscore release minus m. This is the command, Linux distribution. But this is only, it will only work in Ubuntu machine. If you go to Fedora or any other machine, the command is different. Which machine that is? Which distribution? SendOS 7. Right. I think these are the simple basic commands. I think you can refer, you will get a lot of commands from the net also. Next I want to talk about version control. How many people know version control? No, I am not asking the tool. What is version control? You can also understand. Okay, that is true. Anything else? I think Avinoiser explained the software development process, right. He explained that. The software development process, how it is functioned. Do you have any idea? How software is developing or how it could up to the production. No idea. I think people have already done projects, right. Projects, mini projects. No. Okay. In this case, software development, like that, we will maintain a server. It will be called version control. I think before that I will tell a story, then only you will understand. So, I think now everybody is thinking why version control? I have 5 friends. I will put 1% of everyone's machine. No problem. What is this? We are thinking like that, right. Here 50 people are there. I will copy my project to 50 different PCs. Then my source code is secure. If my machine is go down, I can retrieve that from there. Like that. Anybody is thinking like that? Okay, now I will tell a story. It's a real life. When I am also the own part of that. Don't ask who or all the characters are imaginary except me. So, when I join here, that time there is no version control. Nothing. There are 2 programmers. They are extremely good programmers. They are also like you. They have freshers. After completing their MTAC and MCA, the joint in IIT. They are doing a lot of work. Everybody is impressed. Everything is going perfect. So, what they are doing? They will come early morning and directly log into the production server. That is live server. If something is changing, within a second it will reflect the entire world. That is the thing. However, if you change something, at the same time it will reflect to everybody. So, they are coming every day and logging in and doing the things. Everything is working. All of them are happy. So, in our requirement, some of the time all the features are not needed. Like registration. Summer internship registration. It is happening in a year only once. That time you want to register. Then rest of the 10 months it is ideal. Next year around next 2016, again I want to take this code registration page code. I want to put it live. Two people are registering. Everything is working fine. One day what happened? There is no version control I already mentioned. They are doing a lot of things. Accidentally they deleted on file. That is an important file. It is an evaluation file. Because when you are entering, registering, that time it is evaluating. Nobody registered or not. Your mobile number is there, your email address is there. That part they deleted. Nobody knows that. Nobody knows that it is deleted. After an year, again the same thing comes. Okay. Okay. People log in again in the server. They are searching for the files. The file is not there. What they will do? What they will do? They put the registration page. There is no issues. They put the registration page. Registration page is there. But validation is not there. Nobody knows that. Some student is trying to register. He got some error. Immediately he called one of our PM pick the phone. If the problem goes to the PM, you know what will happen. Means you are in firing point. Why it happened? There is no version number. Still I am remembering that it is a Friday. By around 3.30. He simply called in the office. He said come up. He came up. He already learned. We took three people. He said you sit there. You sit here. I am standing here. Where is the door? Without working the code, nobody will go outside. That is the thing. If a version control is there, it is a simple thing. We can go there and search it. Otherwise we can check out one year back code. We can replace it. If you are not following that thing, the same will happen here also. I will not tell the name. We will do that. Some of the people will understand after some time. So everything should be in version control. Because most of the time we are saying like people are saying Sir, it is in my laptop. There is no problem. Sir, please show me the demo. Sir, please take my laptop. If you tell like that, same time you are in firing point. So don't do like that. What are the files you are doing? Put it in the version control. Okay. Maybe accidentally, all of them are human beings. Sometimes we will delete some files. We also don't know. Okay. If it is in version control, we can simply check it out and we can do that. Okay. What are the version control? I think you understand the story. What are the consequences? Because for that day we spend up I think around 1, 2, 3 o'clock in the night to retrieve everything. Because the because thing is the because lot of software engineers are trying to do that. They are failing. When he take the responsibility and he write the code and he told to them this is the code you can use anytime. What are the things you need? Only enable, rest of the thing you disable. If you need mobile number then enable that feature. Otherwise you need city enable that, disable this, this, this. That's all. They delete that code. Important. That's all we spend. Partially it is complete, not fully. So that is the consequence. See if it is in version control that if we maintain the version control within a second I can say like less than 30 seconds we can analyze, we can check it out we can replace the code everything will work. So now what are the version controls? What are the tools we are using? Git. Everybody know only Git. Only Git. Before Git. Some other CVS SVN Subversion Lot of tools are there. So how many of them are familiar with Git and GitHub? Familiar with the GitHub? You know how to push, how to pull everything. So I think we will, I think how many of them are working in EDX? EDX. Going to work in EDX. No idea. Project is not an allocator. Sorry. I think some of them are working on EDX, right? Open EDX. You know that? Yes, right? Okay. In Open EDX all the files are storing in GitHub early. Open EDX related files, all the updates will come in GitHub early. What we are doing is we have a branch here, we already have a repository here. We will give access to that repository. So you can download that code. You want to work on that. You will get individual user ready and password. You will get which group you are working like that you will configure. It will take some time. I don't know when they will allocate the project. I think I want to... So for a demo purpose I am giving, there is a website called gitlab.com I am not going to GitHub because GitHub has some limitation for me. We can create only public project. Private project is allowed. We want to give money then only they will give. So I think people can also... Somebody can create a project in gitlab and you can see how it is working. Some of the comments I will show you but you can see how it is working. You can add groups. You can add more files. You can create branches. You can create versions like that. I will show you some of the comments. So I have already created a project in gitlab. It is called summerender. First step is I want to clone this code in my machine. This is the command. Git clone then you want to give the full URL. This is my code, summerender. So I am cloning that summerender. You can see in the test folder summerender. There is one file. Only one file. So you can think like it is a project for your java project or python project. On that case it will get lot of files. Many files. Okay. Now I want to edit this file. I am editing this file edited by Nabila. Okay. Now I edited the file. Now the thing is in our git the file is different in my local repo the file is different. I want to change the reflect. What are the things I have done in my local machine. In your case what are the things in everyday what are the things you are doing. In your case I can say when I work in one part suppose user authentication I am doing something some modification it is working fine. What I will do next that is my local machine I want to push back I want to reflect the same in the original then only my colleague can download the code and work on that. Okay. For that what I will do first we want to add. If it is only one file that is why I use one. Otherwise you can use dot or start it will put ender files or you want to put only specific files then you want to mention the name. Okay. It is clear. I will show you. There is no concept of overwriting. That is why we are using versions and all that. If it is overwriting how you will retrieve? Vi editor. Vi is an editor. Vi, vim, geditor that is our editors. Like if you are not getting this GUI in the command line you want to work for that only. Otherwise it is the same file you can open it. Open office or anything. Oh you want to over save escape colon wq. Wq means write and quit. Now I added the file. So what is next part? Next I want to commit. When you are committing a file you want to give some messages.   What is the important of this message? I can simply write. Okay. Abhilash committed. Abhilash committed and dead and dying. Okay. For commit. Yes. Because in our environment most of the time I am seeing like committed by these people. If you write that line or not like that line it will automatically record. According to your user name it will take the date stamp also. Everything it will record. There is no need to mention Abhilash is committed. You can simply write this feature or this feature deleted. These many lines added. It should be clear. Then only after some time you want to retrieve that file you can simply identify. In this while I edited this thing I want to just go through the log and I can find. In this area I edited. So this is the file. I can check out that specific version. Okay. Now in the local it is reflected. Now I want to put it in the production original. In the remote server. Done. If you go here you can see. There are two commits. Less than a minute other. You can see the first commit. You can see the last commit. Who committed? The VPCSR user. If any other user is there their name will come there. Okay. Understand. So testing and adding two more files. Sorry. Okay. Only one file. So next is branch. So in software development you know in during the development cycle lot of bugs or lot of new problems or new challenges will come. How we will manage from the same report. In a software development we will get some new tasks. The same code right now only 1.txt Okay. Tomorrow Sarai is calling and saying okay I need this audio. Two more people calling and saying okay I need this audio. In this case how we will manage. It should be isolate. That case the branches is coming. Can create different branches. Suppose group 1 I am giving one task. Group 2 I am giving another. I will create two branches. Okay. Two branches I will tell you what are the people in that branches. They can work on that specific branch. Once they finish we can merge back. This is an option called merge. We can merge with the existing. Okay. How we will create branches. Okay. Then again I want to push back. Oh I want to give branch name. Okay. ABC. You can see here. Who should I new branch. From that point I created a new branch. Okay. Understand the what is branching concept. You doubt. Okay now the development is moving. So some of the modules are finished. Some of the module otherwise some team or some common modules are finished. So products are called all you guys and saying okay release that. What we will do. You want to release up to that today. What is today 12. Right. I saw release correct. You know the releases right. Releases. Anybody don't know releases. Like version. Versions. This I can say revisions. Not versions revisions. Version means version 1.0, 1.1, 1.2. So today he is saying okay release. It has version 1.0. How we will release. For that we are calling this tagging. Like minus l means it will display all the tags. Okay. Now I want to push back. That is version. Yes. Yes. Yes. Like if you go to edx they have two releases. I think aspen as well as bridge. So I think. So they are done like this only. They will tag from this day. This is the version. Topmost. What are the things you done up to today. That is version. After 5 days or 10 days after an year you are checking out version 1 means you will get today's code. What is the version. That is the tag. Most item. You will get v2.0 only. When you download v1 you will get only view. Sure. But that is latest update. Change a lot of things. You will get the updated version. I can say like that. Version 2 means you should update something. Then only you will release a version. Right. From version 1 these much things are working. Some bugs are there. You know the bugs. After that we will fix the bug and release it as version 2. They are very software doing like that. Because some of the companies they want to they are saying we will release by this day. They know it has bugs. But they will release. I say version 1. So then we will report bug. Okay. Here bug again. Here bug again. So for example anybody know open stack. Open stack. Open stack. Open stack cloud. No. No. There is no need for. You just search it in Google for open stack documentation. And see every 2 or 3 days what is the difference. You can see every 3 days they are changing the document. They are updating. But the same version is different.  Like they have weekly releases and they have this version kind of every week if you go to the you can see every week they have releases. Like what are the things from last week to this week. They will fix it and release. And once all the components are stable some still some bugs are there but most of the components are stable then they will release as a name release. Like aspen or this thing. But in between if you compare aspen aspen aspen there is huge difference. They are saying around 1 lakh lines of code they change their signals. That is the difference. You will get version 1. Your point is correct. That code also. But modified code. You can say like updated code. How you can see 2 commits because I committed 2 times at least that's why 2 commit. I created 2 branch. Why 2 branch? One is the master branch and second one is I already name it ABC. That is the branch and one tag. Ag means right now I created E1.0. Ag means that is a final thing. Branch you can decide. If you are checking out only the branch. If we are saying you work it on branch 1. You check out that branch and do what are the things you want to change and push back. If you are checking out only that branch when you are pushing it will go there only. It will not go anywhere. Because we will not give the original source code permission. That as it is. Because otherwise there is no point. Because tomorrow something goes wrong. At least I can check it out from there and run it will work. What are the modifications you would have? That will go. You can fix it. After that we can deploy again. We deploy. Okay. So git log. It will show the log. What are the files I committed how many times I mean that that thing it will show. So for this git log you know there are n number of options are there. Like suppose some PM want to check. In my team 5 members are there. Each commit I want to check. 5 members who is ideally I want to check. You go there and put your name it will show only your commit. It has time stamp also. So he can check regularly what is happening. He is doing or not doing. I think hope everyone understand what is the important of version control in a software development. I think everybody follow this rule. Are you going to follow or not? You should follow otherwise you will be trouble. Because most of the time I am seeing like people coming and they are showing in their laptops that will not work. So in the final Professor Fatak or any other PM asked only he said in the git up. Then send a mail to Abilash. He will send a mail to me. I will run some commands. It will deploy in the production server or run it. If it is working okay otherwise you will be trouble again.  It will come there and run it. If it is working then you will claim that sorry my laptop it is working. There is some problem. It is not possible. Your laptop it is working means it should work everywhere. Otherwise maybe you missed some file to push back to the original. That is the problem. Sometimes it is happening still in our software development it is happening.  Our job is only run the command. We will run the command we have script so we will run the script. Everything will check out from the right now we are using SVN from the SVN it will automatically compile deploy. It will replay back okay deployment is run. Then somebody will check they will add it okay there is a big mistake. Again what is the problem? Push back one file. Again in the same process again come here I want to run the script go production everything is working fine okay. Make sure all the code should be in the git or what are the version control we are giving for your save as well as ours. Next part is documentation. I think Avinash sir discussed about the documentation importance. Yes or no? Yes, no. So follow that why documentation? Because your job is for the 2 months. After 2 months you will go back to your colleges. Then what we will do with that code? What are the things you develop? I don't know. There are millions of code. I don't know where you change what functionality you add for configuring that what are the things I want to do. So we want to follow that. I am sorry. Even that also you can keep it in the git. Document also you can keep it in the git. Regularly we can update. Only we can check. The final means that that final version of your documentation you can release like a tag. Final. You can download that and check it is working fine. Okay. I think some of them got something. Some of them didn't get anything. Deep base.