Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I'm Owen Lewis, Chair of the IIEA Climate Working Group, and I'm delighted to welcome you to this webinar, which is co-organized with the Environmental Protection Agency. The event is part of the Environmental Resilience lecture series, which explores topics such as the secular economy, air quality, environmental governance, the bio-economy, sustainable waste management, water quality, and today, climate finance. I would like to thank the EPA for their generous sponsorship of this series. To achieve Europe's climate goals, every company, every financial firm, every bank insurer and investor will need to change. Countries need to manage the increasing impacts of climate change on their citizens' lives, and they need the funding to do it. The scale and speed of the changes necessary to move towards climate resilience will require public and private finance. We're delighted to have the opportunity today to hear the insights of a renowned expert in the important field of sustainable finance. It is a real pleasure to welcome Josh Delbeca to the IIEA, and I would like to thank him for sparing the time today. Josh is a professor at the European University Institute's School of Transnational Governance, where he serves as the university's European Investment Bank Chair on Climate Change Policy and International Carbon Markets. He is also professor at the Catholic University in Leuven in Belgium. From 2010 to 2018, Professor Delbeca was director general of the Commission's DG Climate Action. In this role, he was centrally involved in setting the EU's Climate and Energy targets for 2020 and 2030, and was a key player in developing EU legislation on the emissions trading system. Professor Delbeca was previously the Commission's chief negotiator at the UNFCCC conference of the parties, where he was responsible for the EU's implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and pivotal in the negotiation of the Paris Agreement. As an economist, he underlined the role of market-based instruments and of cost-benefit analysis in the field of the environment. The title of today's address is the European Green Deal and Sustainable Finance. Professor Delbeca would speak to us for about 20 minutes or so, and after his presentation, we will go to the Q&A session. You can join the discussion using the Q&A function on Zoom, which you should see on your screen. Feel free to send your questions in throughout the session. You don't need to wait until the end, and a reminder that today's presentation and also the Q&A session are on the record. You should also feel free to join the discussion on Twitter using the handle epa underscore iiea. First, now let me hand over to Laura Burke, director general of the Environmental Protection Agency, to make some opening remarks. Laura. Thank you very much, Joan, and we in the Environment Protection Agency are really delighted to be supporting this lecture series and also delighted that Joss has kindly agreed to talk to us this morning. Really, really interesting and really topical, particularly as in Ireland, this is climate finance week, so the timing couldn't be better. And of course, as Owen said, public and private finance are both necessary for climate action here in Ireland, as well, of course, as around Europe and globally, and we need creative solutions to ensure that public finance catalyzes private action. Climate action can also serve as a lever to attract more international finance flows into Ireland. The European Investment Bank has a mandate to increase the share of its finance and financing represent with regard to both climate and sustainability up to 50% by 2025. And this represents a significant increase. And again, of course, a key opportunity for Ireland. In addition, Irish sovereign bonds are also an instrument that can successfully leverage private finance for public investment. These and other measures like green budgeting are welcome, however more is needed. And we must phase out supports that are inconsistent with climate neutrality. So we need to do the good things and also phase out where we're supporting inconsistent actions with our climate ambitions. With regard to the emissions trading scheme, and I wanted just to mention this because I know this is something that Yoss was so heavily involved in. The Environmental Protection Agency is the competent authority in Ireland for the emissions trading scheme. There are over 100 installations in Ireland covered by this theme, everything from power generation, cement, large dairy plants, semiconductors and pharmaceutical plants. And in Ireland, there have been decreases from ETS emissions over the last number of years. This has been strongest in the power generation sector, mainly because of increased availability of renewables and the phasing out of coal and peat. And in fact, that's what makes it so concerning with the discussions we've been having over the last number of weeks around security of supply and potentially bringing coal back into the equation in Ireland, which would have significant impact or potentially significant impact for greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, with regard to the emissions trading scheme, the cement industry have decreased emissions year on year, just under 6% in 2020 and 2% in 2019. And while these decreases are modest, we would hope the rising price of carbon will incentivize further investment in low carbon technologies. And the area will grow for Ireland, for the EPA, for the EU. And really interesting the current proposals from the EU Commission to widen the scope of the EU ETS to include maritime buildings and transport. And of course, this may bring new opportunities, as well as challenges both nationally and also to European level. So that's really all I was going to say. So I'm really looking forward to Yass's presentation and I'm going to hand over to now. So thank you very much. Thank you very much, Laura and Owen for the very kind introduction. And indeed, I'm going to speak also a little bit about the Europe's ETS carbon market in my introduction. But I have prepared a few slides and while we are waiting for them, let me underline how pleased they are to be with the IIAEA and to have this discussion with all of you and eager to go into the questions. Now on the next slide, what I would like to do this morning with you, next slide please, is to go of course a little bit in climate change, the IPCC report, but I'm going to pass over fairly quickly and to move to the Green Deal and the sustainable finance or at least a few elements of sustainable finance that I would like to highlight. Now to start on the next slide, we all know that climate change is a manifestation that we are experiencing over not only decades and centuries, but millennia because we talk about the fundamental cycle of things on which we are today, it is in the hollow scene. And if we only look and put ourselves on the scale of 20, 25,000 years ago with the mark zero is the Roman times, you see how much the red line brings us out of range of what is normally happening in the climate system. So that's why people are talking about the Anthropocene instead of and say that we may be moving out of the hollow scene which is newly uncovered territory. So the IPCC has been doing great work on that, we have been seeing it over the summer, the forest fires, the flooding, not only in Europe quite heavily and quite you know Europe was quite openly and clearly hit but also throughout the world and one region that is bothering me a lot is the Arctic because their climate change is twice as fast as what we experience in our zones and we see there are a lot happening in terms of permafrost and methane emissions in terms of new navigation routes and in you know also in terms of the new military presence because that zone becomes very important. But moving on to the next slide, where are these emissions coming from? Well it is very surprising actually and it was not as clearly foreseen that as of the 1990s with the industrialization of what we are calling the emerging economies we are have been entering into a new phase and a new phase that brings us up to a level where we have not yet peaked the global emissions. We would have hoped that corona, the corona pandemic would help us in peaking those emissions but you know where it doesn't look like we are going to have seen already a major peaking of those emissions and it is since the 1990s where the new part of the world is rapidly industrializing. So that's why when we look on the next slides for COP26 that the Paris Agreement commitments are not good enough and we have to take a next step and I think the EU was right in 2019 to make the first step towards climate neutrality by 2050 and a 55 reduction at least by 2030 which was followed by major important players in the world, not least China. It is President Xi Jinping at the United Nations gathering who declared himself and China to be ready for carbon neutrality by 2060 and of course you know the United States followed as well with the election of President Biden which brings us that the three big players on carbon and climate policy in the world have made strong commitments now followed by more than 60 countries covering more than half of the global emissions so COP26 as from that perspective doesn't look too bad. Now on the next slide you know what is the Europe's climate vision on all this? Well it's clear that today's climate change is caused by the industrialization of the west but tomorrow's climate change will be depending on how the industrialization of the emerging economies is going to go and that brings us on the entire discussion about what is left for those new countries you know joining the clock of heavy emitters and the brutal reality is that if we come down from the well below two degrees centigrade limit that two-thirds according to some even three-fourths of the margin has been consumed already which brings the urgency for these commitments in the light of COP26 with more prominence forward. Now Europe's climate vision is strongly endorsing a multilateral approach that's why Europe has been a very strong defender of the Paris Agreement because it includes policy action by all countries which was not the case under the Kyoto Protocol so also emerging economies are asked to join the club of emissions that are required from them and it intensifies you know the Europeans intensified bilateral action in particular towards the emerging economies called them the G20 group of countries. Now Europe is putting itself forward as a first mover because it has a heavy climate responsibility but it also sees economic opportunity and I think that is an element that is new and that is where the Green Deal has been announced and we could even say that Europe is now the laboratory, the laboratory for low carbon technologies and low carbon policies. Now on the next slide you know let's zoom in on the Green Deal I think it's fair to say that the Green Deal is an economic strategy and it encompasses climate and sustainability concerns for all economic sectors of course energy is the most heavily you know involved because fossil fuels are being consumed in masses in the energy sector but also transport industry, construction, agriculture and forestry you know all these sectors are asked to move in with their emissions reductions. Now a very important element of Europe's action is of course also innovation research and development but perhaps even more so the deployment and the scaling up of investments in low carbon equipment and expenditure and that is what I would like to zoom in for a moment later on but what is so important on the European Green Deal and that makes me happy as an economist that is that we are moving the political attention away from targets we have set out targets that's now a done deal but that we move our policy attention into policies what are we going to do to bring the emissions down and the regulations are key and they the frustrating part and I was myself involved in developing lots of regulations is that the rollout of these regulations and policies is gradual and it takes time in fact time that we do no longer have when we look at the figures put forward by the IPCC. Now on the next slide you know and from the impact assessment that the Commission has been making I think this slide summarize it's very well where we are going with the Green Deal that means that the GDP our levels of income and wealth should continue increasing but our emissions should go down to zero or almost zero by 2050 and that is what is colored here and sketched out in the slide. By 2030 we see that the blue zone area which is power generation is going to have gone out almost entirely out of greenhouse gas emissions while the other two zones the red zone and the green zone respectively transport and industry are going to see the bulk of their emission reductions after 2030 shortly after 2030 so now it's the moment to prepare for those important emission reductions after 2030 but the biggest source of emission reductions before 2030 is going to be in the power sector and the secret about the decoupling of economic growth from emissions is technology and that is why we have to put in a lot of effort to bring forward low carbon technologies. On the next slide I summarized a little bit what was put on the table by the Commission just before the summer holiday a dozen of policy proposals which could be classified in three sorts of policies the market based ones the ones relying on mandatory standards and benchmarks and the ones looking towards the governance in particular by member states. I will concentrate in my talk more on the market based ones the carbon market the ETS but also the disclosure of climate and sustainable information by private companies that is becoming mandatory. I will leave aside the mandatory standards and benchmarks they are important you know on car emissions we see a phase out of the internal combustion engine by 2035 we see that the technology is almost mature with the electric vehicle in particular. On the renewables we have a quite ambitious target but if we believe the market we are going to beat even the 40 percent that is mandatory there for 2030 there are biofuel blending obligations for aviation there are standards for fluorinated gases that are present in heat pumps so there is a lot of mandatory standards and benchmarks that are being developed as part of that policy package and the governance tools is in particular the national energy and climate plans because somewhat half of the emissions are coming from transport buildings and agriculture and these are managed by the member states and so having a proactive planning by the member states is very important. Let's move on the next slide to the green deal and the point I want to make is that seen as an as an economist the green deal is a tremendous investment challenge according to the impact assessment we talk about an annual additional investment of 350 billion euros between 2021 and 2030 so this is quite a down thing figure it's almost 2 percent of GDP additional investment almost the doubling of the investment that is currently happening in the economy and it is going to be in the private sector but also a lot by the public sector because there is also infrastructure that needs to be updated and energy is of course the most important sector the rollout of investments in solar and wind and in the renewable sector is now really taking shape but also the grid needs an upgrade the digital developments that we are going to see are making a cluster of investments in the energy sector that are really you know big and and the scale becomes even bigger by the day on transport the electrification of the car fleet is something many member states still have to move towards another level of activity but that is of course depending also on the investments in the energy sector construction the commission was talking about the renovation wave to improve radically energy efficiency but also to have other ways of heating homes in particular heat pumps and the electrification of construction and buildings and transport is a very important trend so which puts again the emphasis on a lot of investments in the field of energy in the field of industry I think between now and 2030 we are going to see more innovation type of activity bringing forward the innovations for which the rollout massively may be expected more after 2030 we are talking about hydrogen carbon capture and storage and the carbon capture and usage and storage the biochemicals drive so on industry we see currently in the steel in cement in chemicals we see massive technological changing changes that are going to bring down the emissions of greenhouse gases so the green deal is a tremendous investment challenge and the question is where are all these sources of finance going to come from and so on the next slide I'm developing some examples of sources of sustainable finance I think Laura was already indicating where on the bones and the green bones etc let me highlight three elements the first is the EU funds the EU budget and the the post pandemic pandemic resilience funds called next generation EU you know the 750 billion that is the new you know type of financing the EU that is being experimented with which brings us forward with a daunting amount of 1850 billion euros that are going to be subject to a strong green dimension 30% of these funds of the EU budget and 37% of the next generation EU budget is mandatory to be spent in direct relation to the green agenda to the green deal agenda while at the same time there is a no harm principle being used that is that we would not you know would do damage and other fronts by the green investments that we are going to see there are still plenty of multiple challenges we just had a debate on the common agriculture policy that is not yet bringing us entirely in line with the green deal objectives but that is going to be one of the key examples where we are going to see lots of more discussions in the future on the next slide I wanted to make the carbon markets as an issue for also sustainable finance because when we look at the EU ETS Europe's carbon market we have been looking primarily at the price impact to reduce emissions and as you can see the prices have gone up spectacularly over the last couple of years the prices today hovering around 60 euros per tonne of carbon so I should have updated my slide for you know what we have been seeing over the last couple of weeks but it is unlikely that prices are going to go below you know that the 50 euros of the 50 euros per tonne of carbon dioxide that we have been seeing over the last couple of weeks now on the next slide you know the price impact is so important we know that economists will know how Scott the Nobel Prize winning win for that theory that he has been doing on this issue but the revenues have been a little bit snowed under in the attention that we had for carbon markets and you know just the back of the envelope estimate is indicating that the revenues from auctioning have easily or are according to today's prices are easily reaching the staggering amount of 50 billion euros and this 50 billion euros go to the member states and it is quite timely that member states now that these carbon prices are so high in combination with the high gas prices that the social impact is being addressed because energy and electricity prices are you know quite high historically very high in most parts of Europe and using part of the revenues from auctioning to dampen the social impact is I think particularly important then and the commission is going to come forward this week it seems with the communication on the issue but what has been clear is that the social impact use or this use of revenues for the for addressing the social impact should be used in a targeted manner and not in a eternal manner but in a temporary manner so the revenues from the carbon market are really an important element of the political debate and innovation and modernization is is clearly an issue that should continue going on now dwelling a moment on the EU ETS and I think that Laura was indicating that we go for a larger scope to include road transport and heating fuels in an adjacent ETS system and this separate system would converge over time with the main ETS system the main ETS system is being extended also to the maritime sector but a very important new element is that for the first time the EU is proposing a correction at the border a carbon border adjustment mechanism that should also raise revenue that could be used for the elements that I just was indicating either social or innovation or internationally for support worldwide for those going under quite dramatic changes for example in the trade they are making with the EU I wanted to make on the next slide a question mark on the voluntary carbon markets because since Mark Carney has been chairing his task force on scaling up voluntary carbon markets the question is there to what extent this voluntary carbon markets will be able to drive finance to low carbon to encourage low carbon investments and this voluntary carbon markets come from the demand for offsets in particular to the multiple net zero announcements we are currently having from companies local authorities foundations you know a lot of demand coming from this net zero announcements because first companies should reduce their emissions as much as possible but the remaining part is going to be subject of a demand for offsets and then comes the question where is the supply of these offsets going to come from and that is where the private sector is very active so it seems but it is active without any public regulation and so the question that is still hovering around is will the voluntary carbon market be able to scale up itself through the creation of trust and confidence that is voluntary carbon market is requiring because if that creation of trust and confidence would not happen then it's difficult to see how important funds will be channeled through the voluntary carbon markets finally third the next slide I would like to put some attention on the greening of the private finance and there a number of new initiatives have been taken by the commission the taxonomy regulation for sustainable activities is intended to put some light on what is green I'm going to come into that in a minute but once the definition of what is green is made then this definition is going to be used in two important vehicles the corporate social reporting directive that would be applicable to all major companies industrial companies in with the mandatory obligation to create reliable and comparable sustainability information towards investors but also other stakeholders and that is part of the proposal by the commission it's being negotiated in council and parliament but it is hoping to put a fresh a fresh approach to the ESG reporting the environment social and governance reporting that is today being implemented but in a little bit of a creative manner let's put it that way and the third element that is already mandatory is the sustainable finance disclosure regulation that is applicable for all financial companies so let's zoom in on the next slide on the taxonomy the taxonomy is covering six environmental objectives climate mitigation climate change adaptation sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources the transition to a circular economy pollution prevention and control and biodiversity and the goal is on this six environmental objectives to increase sustainable investment in those six areas but to limit as much as possible the greenwashing that we are currently seeing lots of activities currently are called green but are they really green and that is what the taxonomy wants to do it is not creating a mandatory obligation for companies to go into green activities but it creates an obligation when companies are saying that they are going to go green that they have to follow the classification that is developed under the taxonomy and the European Commission is developing you know implementing legislation as we go forward and the heat is in the debate in particular on which natural gas and nuclear power generation is subject to the taxonomy is nuclear and natural gas use a green activity yes or no you may have followed the press there are heated debates on this so the taxonomy is there it covers six environmental objectives and the implementation is being rolled out step by step but so far gas and nuclear is not yet covered by the EU taxonomy and the jury is out whether that is going to be the case on the next slide I zoom in on the sustainable finance disclosure regulation which is a very important one and it is also the Irish Commissioner by the way Mrs. Guinness who is responsible for the implementation of the sustainable finance disclosure regulation that is already applicable and the goal is to create much more transparency on the ESG you know in particular and sustainable finance disclosure is applicable for financial companies and investors banks and it is to to have much more information about the adverse impacts on sustainability that their actions may have so it is improving transparency and all financial market participants are covered for the products they develop on the EU market so also foreign financial market participants who are active on the EU market are subject to this sustainable finance disclosure regulation and as of next year there is going to be a list of indicators that are applicable to indicate the principal adverse impact of the activities that are being undertaken so this SFDR is a very new kit on the blog and I was wondering whether my comments that I just make on the voluntary carbon market whether the voluntary carbon market also should not be brought under the SFDR because after all the voluntary carbon market can be seen as trading financial products and the players there can be interpreted as being financial market participants so a whole new machinery and in particular the indicators the PAI the principal adverse impact indicators are going to play an important role so let me underline that this is already applicable this legislation and of course we are not yet very far on the disclosure in an orderly manner for 2021 the first statements and project disclosures are falling already under the legislation but much more you know streamlined indicators are still being developed so a very important regulation to green the financial activities of financial market participants in the EU and I think through this the potential of having and creating another Brussels effect in which the EU is putting up an implicit standard on what is happening possibly also elsewhere in the world and also in the United States for example the financial regulator is very interested in these activities that are being rolled out in the EU and I hope that a helpful debate is going to develop in the immediate future on the next slide let me put up some conclusions the green deal is a comprehensive economic strategy but it requires a huge investment effort and I would hope that a lot of economists looking at public policy are going to include the green deal dimension much more proactively in the policies they are coming to come forward with market-based instruments remain central in the policy approach on climate change by the EU but they are combined with a lot of other regulatory measures and it is that combination that makes I think the EU very very successful in bringing forward emission the reductions there is an economic dimension and there is a mandatory regulatory dimension for one or the other specific area that needs to be that or that is difficult to catch through the development of market-based instruments and the greening of private finance I hope is key and is being dealt with through new legislation and the sustainable finance disclosure regulation I think is a real a real new instrument that has not yet been discussed widely enough in my view apart from those who are immediately involved in the in the consultancy and in the private finance world so thank you very much for your attention I produced a little book with my colleague Peter Viss that is freely downloadable through open access for all those who are interested it copes with the current legislation that we are having in place but as I was indicating through the green deal a lot of this legislation is now being reviewed and is part of a negotiation process in the institutions of the European Union thank you very much thank you very much indeed professor Delbeca I find the the scale of the numbers that you're talking about just eye watering I mean nearly nearly two trillion euro over the the period that we currently foresee and over a third of that it relation to to the the green the greening of of our budgets you refer to commissioner McGinnis made McGinnis was was writing at the weekend talking about setting EU standards for green investment and clearly I mean it's it's perhaps it's a detailed point but it's a potentially very damaging one they hold green washing and do you see a significant role for EU green bond standards in climate finance measures and I think you you you referred to the possibility of this being exported becoming international standards would you say something on that I know relatively detailed but rather crucial issue please right right well the orientation that is being taken is either to develop specific products such as green bonds and they are quite important the European investment bank I think Laura was indicating that at the beginning is going into that quite extensively but and has been an innovator on on this in this area but where I think the most powerful impact is going to come from this transparency this regulation the sustainable finance disclosure regulation because it is addressing the whole bulk of private finance because let's face it how staggering the numbers are on the public finance private finance is the big player those days and fighting the green washing I think most of us will agree that when we look into the the the annual reports by companies that there is a lot of green you know subjects being raised but you never know exactly what is being covered and this green washing I will not say by all of them but increasingly you know people are looking into that and at least half of what we see in the reporting by private companies is subject to greenwashing others would say it's even up to 80 percent I I saw a recent report by some green NGOs I wouldn't be that dark I think that many players in the sector are very honest and and want to do a good job but for that you need to go to regulatory context and that is what the sustainable finance disclosure regulation is offering and that is where I think Mrs. McGinnis is really sitting on an extremely important chair for greening the economy in in Europe and setting implicitly a world standard because a lot of other financial players from global players are also very active in the European Union and they will discover their standards as they have to implement them for all their activities inside the European Union. Thank you. His excellency Adrienne Palme the ambassador of the Netherlands to Ireland raises a point which is of a certain sensitivity here in Ireland he thanks you for a very interesting presentation and says that for many sectors the way ahead on reducing carbon emissions is more or less clear like in the power sector as you highlighted but for agriculture responsive for one third of greenhouse gas emissions in Ireland this is still unclear he asks what steps do you regard as essential for the agricultural sector to contribute substantially to our EU climate action goals and what financial instruments would be necessary? Well I think it is obvious that the common agricultural policy should be the vehicle to drive the greening of agriculture even to put it a little bit ironically because agriculture is a green activity but the common agriculture policy makes important steps but more in you know not in the core of the way subsidies are being managed but rather ancillary you know in the margin that a lot of activities sustainable activities are being financed but they are not in the core of the pricing of agricultural products like it should be and that has been a heated debate in the Indian institutions European parliament as you know you know had the very lively discussions on the issue and there are two elements to be addressed first is how to reduce the direct emissions from agriculture it's you know a lot of emissions come from the activities there but even more important is the potential in agriculture to absorb carbon from the atmosphere so the way agricultural practices are going you know could and should be reviewed to improve the absorption of carbon and to store it in the ground instead of traditional activities where a lot of emissions are being you know through the way plowing is being done are coming into into the air of course animals are very important to this and the way cattle is being fed there are you know new studies now coming forward where you can come forward with better feed for this for these animals and this feed can control the methane emissions that they are emitting it's hard work I think that is still in front of agriculture because it is not as I don't dare to use the word simple as the power sector where you can switch from coal to gas from gas to renewables that is where and how we are reducing the emissions in the in the power sector but on agriculture we are at the beginning of a long process production emissions carbon absorption but also the way in the habits that people feed take food to themselves you know there is a lot of criticism on the red meat that is possibly very bad for for the climate in comparison to white meat that chickens and and things like that and pigs are much less damaging compared to red meat so a lot of new developments lots of structural changes ahead I myself not particularly a specialist of the agricultural sector but addressing emissions absorbing through the feeding of animals and things like that other food patterns that the society may adopt and the absorption of carbon in in in the in the underground or in the ground I think are very important elements to look at thank you Dost I have a question from a journalist Porick Hoar with the Irish examiner and he asks the sheer scale of the challenge ahead is so daunting not only because of the cost but also the urgency of what must be done but naysayers also said the same about post-war reconstruction from 1945 to 1953 that it couldn't be done that period was a triumph of European cooperation is the current climate crisis analogous to 1945 to 53 um yes but I would say if we um do it in a clever manner and that is where I think I would have to say the European Commission with the economic analysis they made in preparing for the Green Deal is using a lot of possibilities to keep the costs down as much as possible because if you make the wrong regulatory decisions then the costs are going to be very high and cost effectiveness you know the hobby horse of the economist is very important because potentially you could drive up costs without improving much the overall result and so going in first where the low hanging fruit is and that is exactly what the carbon market is doing the carbon market is giving to many people in companies the option either to reduce emissions themselves or ask someone else to reduce them and through that cost effectively reducing emissions where I think we should be very much on our guard is to avoid stranded assets and stranded assets is making the wrong investments now you know in the light of where we have to go and I think that that is perhaps the most powerful element of the Green Deal and the carbon neutrality by 2050 everybody knows the direction of travel and if you go in and you have a disregard for that direction of travel your chances of investing in the wrong issue is going to become much more likely so my reply would be that we are perhaps better equipped to where we were in 45 of course it was brutal in 45 with the destruction that the continent was going through so let's not go for such a radical destruction but let's move in let's phase in in a cost effective manner the reduction of emissions and above all let's avoid stranded assets because that's very expensive and I think that this stranded asset this avoidance of stranded assets is going to be improved a lot through the transparency that the sustainable finance disclosure regulation is going to offer us so in that sense I'm more hopeful that we have not to go through such a disastrous you know new reality as we saw in 45 thank you Mary Burke has a question in relation to that regulation she asks would you comment further on the public sector infrastructure that would be necessary around the sustainable finance disclosure regulation she refers in particular to water scarcity measurement testing verification and sampling of air and water but the public sector infrastructure is her query I think indeed that the demand for data is going to be staggering and we are not yet fully equipped neither in the public nor in the private sector to already deliver all these data overnight so that's why I think the commission made the right decision to make the sustainable finance disclosure regulation mandatory but to be to phase in gradually the data need over time and not too much time but still allowing that still a lot needs to be done because not all data related to economic activities are in in great detail yet available I think that the work that the European environmental agency is doing and new elements and new technologies like monitoring from space offering lots of new data are going to be ways to develop much more proactively compared to what we did in the past and I see that these developments become available in particular as regards space or monitoring from space through satellites and things like that where in when it comes to forestry to agriculture you know these are very very important thank you there's a question on changing the topic changing the area a little from a an economics researcher at the institute Dora Lwawar his question is do you believe that the world needs a multilaterally negotiated global carbon price to be able to effectively ensure global emissions are reduced um yes I would be strongly in favor of a world carbon price or you know tax or market or whatever we do it but there is a but and that is why it is probably the reason that it is not included in the Paris agreement that is that the authority by parties to the Paris agreement to go for a carbon tax slash carbon market is their own internal responsibility what Paris has been doing the Paris agreement is setting objectives targets obligations but not in the detail that is required to create such a carbon tax worldwide that's why I would hope that the border adjustment the carbon border adjustment that mechanism that has been proposed by the commission is going to lead to a fresh international debate because those exporting to the EU are not going to be very enthusiast that's what we heard from China India you know Saudi Arabia Russia you know they they are very they use very strong words against this border tax and I hope that in the context of either the G7 the G20 the WTO we may go into a debate or the OECD where we have a little bit of the emergence of comparing policies having some more pressure to come forward with carbon pricing policies we already see that happening we even see in Russia you know where people are looking into the possibility of a carbon price because they see it as a rent that may be taken off by the EU to the disadvantage of Russia in this context and so out of this debate I would not exclude that the debate of a carbon club is going to be dusted off and a carbon club is a club of countries where you would agree that amongst the club members there would not be trade restriction because their policies are comparable but for all those who have not comparable policies they would be a tax at the border so the tax at the border would be a kind of a de facto sanction for not having or not implementing a carbon price and I think that that may be a very interesting route for for for discussions to go and I would hope that economists could contribute into that we know the Chinese go for a carbon market that is very similar to the European carbon market they are going to roll it out not only for power but also for aviation for steel for cement etc so the Chinese are really working on that what is my worry and my deep regret is that it is not on the table in the United States the idea of a carbon tax or carbon pricing came from the United States they were trying to put it in the Kyoto Protocol we did it in Europe the Chinese are doing it but oh irony the United States is not taking any steps to do that it's so controversial in the United States and so reflecting further on the carbon club idea I would welcome very much a carbon club I would welcome very much a multilateral approach to a carbon price or a carbon tax but what are we going to do if the United States does not play ball on this issue and that is a bit of a headache we all would have hoped with the arrival of Biden that they would have been more proactive on this issue but it is not in the major act that Biden is currently negotiating on the hill there are here and there some hoops but they are being weakened as the process continues so yes there is scope it's hard work and I hope that the Europeans are going to use their carbon border adjustment mechanism proposal to make a next step in that direction a related question should businesses in developing countries be exempt from the adjustment mechanism given that these well the countries have historically not responsible for the climate crisis I would personally be in favor of that because they were not as you are indicating at the source of the problem but it goes against some of the basic principles of the World Trade Organization that you cannot have any form of discrimination between the trading partners according to the countries they are coming from so I would hope and we need a debate in the WTO so as possibly to allow such an exemption for the carbon border adjustment mechanism that the Europeans are having put on the table for more discussion so we need a discussion not only on climate but also on trade policy and that's a very hard nut to crack as we all know in the WTO but it's unavoidable we will have to raise that debate and we will have to put it on the table well we're coming close to the end and there are quite a few questions so I'll have to be selective and I'll take if you're talking about tough nuts to crack there are two questions one from Osir Kuddiaba and another from Jean Boucher which are about the de-growth strategy about that consumption sufficiency one even going so far as to suggest that the green deal could be construed as a kind of greenwashing if given its continued focus on GDP and growth and so on do we need to focus on a de-growth strategy please I would be hesitant to go into that line because what we have been observing in the past is that economic growth facilitates change and if you have no economic growth you camp on old assets and what we are clearly in need for is new assets that are low in carbon low in carbon emissions and so without economic growth we will not be able to do that now having said that I'm not pleading for growth figures like we have seen in China or 10 per cent per year etc that is clearly doing harm to the planet but we need a little bit of economic growth to facilitate the transition we are going through so my argument would be in between the two not very high economic growth not zero economic growth but a little bit to facilitate the change we are going through otherwise the green deal objectives the emission reductions 55 per cent by 2030 is very important is drastic you will not achieve that through de-growth you will achieve that through the use of of new capital new equipment new tools insulated houses and for that you need a bit of economic growth to facilitate that. Professor Drostilbecker on behalf of the EPA and the IIA I want to thank you sincerely for giving us the benefit of the enormous experience of this whole area that you speak to us today on that on that platform and this isn't by any means the end of the topic it's one of course we will have to return to time and time again but thank you very much for your insights today we are very grateful to you you're very much welcome it was my pleasure.


Ionic liquids, IELs, are molten salts that have been shown to provide excellent protection against wear and friction reduction in lubricant applications. Researchers have demonstrated that certain IEL compounds can also be used as added as a non-polar base oils, maintaining the same level of performance as the neat IEL. These IELs contain large asymmetric ions, which adhere to metal surfaces and form a protective layer under boundary lubrication conditions. In addition, certain IEL compounds can also react to form a protective tribofilm when fluorine, phosphorus or boron atoms are present in the constituent ions. This article was authored by Anthony E. Summers, Patrick C. Howlett, Douglas R. McFarlane and others.


وأقول في القرآن ما جاءت به آياته فهو الكاريم المنزاله وأقول قال الله جل جلاله والمصطف الهدي ولا أتأوله الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثناء الجميل وشدوا لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له وشدوا أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله تعالى I want to go into the second type of extremism either in exaggeration or negligence in the concept of التبديع going extreme in negligence or extreme negligence in التبديع or extreme exaggeration in التبديع is what I want to speak about إن شاء الله تعالى in this episode بإذن الله الكريم there are two extremes exaggeration and negligence and as I said before I'm always going to start with extreme exaggeration and then I'm going to mention those who have fallen extreme negligent regarding the concept of التبديع how do the first group who fall extreme in exaggeration when it comes to التبديع how do they fall into it and how does it occur it occurs إن شاء الله تعالى in two ways the first one is تبديع بعض أهل السنة والجماعة بزلتي والفلتتي وبالظنوني والأهم making the tabdee of some of أهل السنة والجماعة I mean people who are the people of the Sunnah and the Jama'a you're making them an innovator based on what بزلتي والفلتة a mistake that they did an error that they came with and سبحان الله actually gets worse for some of them they make you move to the other not because of a mistake you did not because of a shortcoming that you came with but rather with ذنوني والأهم speculation and assumption going into your intentions and this is what he meant this was his intention this was his motive he was trying to say this بزلوني والأهم based on assumption and speculation إمام أحمد رحمه الله I'm going to quote two great imams that debunked this evil methodology evil group الإمام أحمد was asked عمان فضل أبا بكرن وعمرى ثم وقفا ولم يثلث بأثمان a person who gives virtue to أبو بكر and then عمر he says أبو بكر is virtuous عمر is virtuous ثم وقفا and then he stops ولم يثلث بأثمان and he doesn't mention أثمان is the third هل يخرج من السنة does this person leave the sunnah الإمام أحمد said إخراج الناسي من السنة شديد taking the people out of sunnah is a very severe matter الله أكبر taking a person out of the sunnah is severe أحمد said that in the context of a person who did a mistake it's a big mistake evil mistake to not mention أثمان is the third it's an evil mistake but أحمد refuted and debunked the ones who would make تبديه based on a mistake he's at إخراج الناسي من السنة شديد taking the people out of the sunnah and saying he's not من أهل السنة is a very severe matter the second statement that shows this evil trait of making a person مبتدع an innovator based on a mistake that he did or a shortcoming that came from him let alone a zunoon and oham assumptions and speculations that you think is a statement of أحمد ذهب رحمه الله where he said ولو أن كل ما أخطأ إمام في اجتهاده في أحد المسائر خطأ مغفورا له قبنا عليه وبدعناه وهجرناه لما سلم معنا لبنا منصر ولبنا منده ولا من هو أكبر منهما والله هو الهاد الخلق إلى الحق وهو أرحم الراحمين فنعود بالله من الهواء والفضابة الإمام الثهبيه he said every time a person does a mistake إمام في اجتهاده إمام makes a mistake in his اجتهاد he's from أهل السنة he does a mistake he comes with a shortcoming في أحد المسائر in issues of the religion خطأ مغفورا له a mistake that he's going to be forgiven for we come قبنا عليه وبدعناه وهجرناه we come we boycott him we consider him as an innovator لما سلم معنا لبنا منصر محمد من النصر المروزي will not be left for us ولبنا منده and also إبنو منده will not be saved for us neither of the two will be saved why? because محمد يبنو نصر المروزي and إبنو منده were both harsh at each other and they were refuting each other they were going at each other إمام في اجتهاده he said if we because one did a mistake and the other one did another mistake we go and we say مبتدر مبتدر or one of them did a mistake and the other one didn't make a mistake we go on the side of the one that didn't do the mistake and we look at the other one and we say يوم مبتدر then if we do that no إمام in Islam will remain everyone did a mistake إبنو منده will not be saved for us we will say he is a مبتدر because he did a mistake محمد نصر المروزي he did a mistake he is a مبتدر ولا من هو أكبر منهما and these two and these two bigger people than them will become a مبتدر والله هو الهادي في الخلق والله هو الهادي الخلق الله is the one who guides the creation إلى الحق into the truth هو أرحم الراحم and Allah is the most merciful one فنعود بالله من الهواء والفضع we seek refuge in Allah from what? desires and misguidance we seek refuge in Allah from it brothers and sisters تبديعوا أهل السنة making a person of the sunnah a مبتدع and take him out of أهل السنة because of a mistake he did a shock coming an error making him a مبتدع عنات أحمد بنحمل يسأل إخراج الناس من السنة الشديد سبية معها let alone بالضلون والأوهام speculation and assumption I think this is what he meant yeah so he's a مبتدع إِنَّا لِلَّا إِنَّا إِنَّا إِنَّا إِنَّا رَجْعَنُ what are you going to say to Allah يوم القيامة when you are shown the evil consequences of your statement and your deed the second way that this group fall into extreme intabidee is امتحانوا دعاتي بأشخاصين وعيانين they come with an issue known as امتحانوا دعات testing the people in the Da'wah scene they test them with particular individuals they will test you with individual what do you think about sheikh so and so what is your opinion regarding sheikh so and so they come with this ابنو تيمير رحمه الله he said about the concept of testing people upon a particular individual a particular individual remember they have a selected selective individuals particular individuals they've hampered they're going to test you on those people they're not going to test you with العلماء بالسلام no, not the العلماء بالاسلام they're going to test you with their group members they're going to test you with what their particular شيوخ they'll test you with that look what Imam ابنو تيمير said he said فإذا كان المعالي مؤول أستادوا if the teacher قد أمر بهدري شخصين he commands his students to boycott a particular person or be a daddy or to drop him وإسقاطه وإبعادي to distance from this person he says to his students everyone listen to me boycott so-and-so drop him throw him ignore him distance yourself from him ونحو ذلك and things like that he says to his students نظير فيه the student must look at what his teacher said your teacher's statement is going to be looked at فإن كان قد فعل ذنبن شرعين if the person that your teacher's telling you to stay away from has done a شرعي mistake bear in mind there is a شخصي and there's a شرعي he's on a personal issue to your teacher that's another difference that's between the teacher and the other sheikh that's between you two the sheikh said الامام ابنو تيمه he said فإن كان قد فعل ذنبن شرعي and this person has done a شرعي mistake شرعي روقبا بقدري ذنبه بلا زيادة he will be punished in accordance to his mistake that he did in the religion and we will not add anything onto it we won't do it more he's done اي ذنب شرعي اي شرعي mistake he will be punished روقبا بقدري ذنبه he will be punished in accordance to that شرعي mistake that he did بلا زيادة we're not going to add anything onto it ابنو تيمه here and I want you to underline this point just put a pen under it if you're writing in Arabic put a pen under this he refutes two parties of people the extreme exaggeration and the extreme negligent somebody does a شرعي mistake we don't say he's my brother let's just ignore it روقبا he's punished بقدري ذنبه in accordance to his sin that he does in the religion pay attention to this he refutes there the group who make the punishment based on personal issues he refuted them and he also refuted the ones who have no غيرة for the شريعة they don't want to punish anyone whatsoever even if he does a شرعي ذنب they don't care they'll ignore it وإن لم يكن اذنب ذنب شرعي if the person didn't do a شرعي mistake he didn't he did a personal mistake to your teacher he shouted at your teacher he pushed your teacher I mean personal issue لم يجز the student has no rights to punish whatsoever the other sheikh لأجلي غارب المعلمين only based on the mayor of the teacher غيره just because your teacher it's a purpose that he wants or it's issue personal issue for him the student doesn't have any rights to punish this sheikh or this other individual ورسل المعلمين and I will tell him it talks to the teacher he said it is not allowed for the teachers and you حزب الناس that they place sectarianism amongst the students like my students are never going to go to that sheikh and his bia creating that ويفعلوا ما يلغي بينهم العداوة والبغباء and they place and they throw in the hearts of the students that which is going to bring about enmity and hate بل يكونون بل يكونون مثل الإخوة rather they should be all brothers متعاوينين على البرل والتقوة they help each other in good كما قال إتعالة أزال الله سلين القرآن وتعاوينوا على البرل والتقوة ولا تعاوينوا على الإثن والعزوان ما هو جميل إبنو تيمي موضوع here is that إذا فا شخص يدين دم شرعي ليس من الناس يفعلوا تعاوين على البرل والتقوة ولا تعاوينوا على الإثن والعزوان The aya doesn't apply on that The aya is that you work with a brother who has done something personal to you you put the personal issue aside and you look at what تعاوينوا على البرل والتقوة he hasn't got aqida issues he doesn't have many men had issues you put your issue aside للا فلسك الله سبحانه وتعالى and then you just forgive and forget and you move on and you do the دعوة with them this is what تعاوينوا على البرل والتقوة like if he does a دم شرعي روقب he's punished but if he's غرض غرض المعلم the teacher has an objective the teacher's personal issues should not be a reason why you shouldn't work with another teacher who's upon the sunnah who's calling to the sunnah who's propagating the sunnah ابنو تايمي أرشو يسأل how is she right لك أشيخ العلامة الشيخ العلامة المحبة الفقيه عبد المحسن العباد البدر رحمه الله تعالى حافظه الله تعالى he's still alive he spoke about issue of testing a person on another person عبد الشيخ عبد المحسن عباد القرسان he said ومن البداع المنقرتي one of the innovated matters that have spread is محادثة فيهاد الزماني things that have started to creep into the religion or things that have snually been invented things that have newly been put which is what فيهاد الزماني at this particular time من إمتحاني بعض من أهل السنة it's to test a group of people of the sunnah I'm the liner points the person is من أهل السنة already we mentioned how a person can be أهل السنة how a person can be أهل السنة in two ways we're reading kind of the concept of Teschi we kind of mentioned that a scholar says that he's a scholar who's known to be from أهل السنة say this person is from أهل السنة take knowledge from him or he's become famous he's become known for knowledge and the sunnah that person is from أهل السنة we saw his tapes we saw his recordings with lessons books authorship الله وعكبر بارك الله وفيك أخي you've aided the sunnah this person you go and you want to test him with individuals من انتحار بعض من أهل السنة some أهل السنة he said testing another group of أهل السنة بأشخاص you're testing them with particular individuals سواء كان الباعث وعلى امتحان الجفاء في شخص يمتحن به أو كان الباعث وعلى الإطراء لشخص آخر the aims that people do this is what the objective is to what is to boycott a person or it's either to go overboard and praising someone your aim is to test this person شيخ أخي what do you think about a شيخ سواء سواء you don't like him you don't like him you can't your aim is to either keep that person close with you or you want to cut them off if he sprays your شيخ or that person that you admire ضفرة بالترحيب واللمتحيب والثناء عبد المحسن says that the person gets happy and screams and masha'Allah look at allah من أهل السنة you haven't even seen this عقيدة yet you haven't seen anything else about him just because he spoke good about your شيخ من أهل السنة الله أكبر take knowledge from him وإلا كان حضور تجريح والتبديع والهدرة والتحلير or else if he doesn't praise the sheikh then he's going to be boycotted he's going to be slandered he's going to be boycotted he's going to be wounded against all of that that's one extreme now in شاء الله I'm going to go into the other group الطائفة الأخرى the second group of people who are falling into extreme negligence extreme negligence how have they done it the two opposites we just mentioned which is عدم التبديع they do not place تبديع on what من وقع في بداع a person who fell into innovation for them is not an innovator this person has fallen into innovation he's a مبتدع because أخي إخراج الناس من السنة شديد أخي taking the people out of the السنة is harsh نحن دراجل is مبتدع وقع في بداع he fell into innovation حتى it reached a point where the person is saying I am not from هل السنة يعني إلا هذا الحد I am not Salafi he's saying it to you and you're saying والله أخي is a Salafi إلا هذا الحد keep the person in لأ إن شاء الله explain a very poor question that many people ask which is ماتا يحكم على الرجل بأنه ليس من هل السنة when can we say a person is not from هل السنة very important question right when can we say because this is the whole معركة the whole discussion and the dialogue right you did tabidia on this person and you didn't do tabidia on this person let's discuss ماتا يحكم على الرجل بأنه ليس من هل السنة when can we say this person is not from هل السنة when and who can say it please listen attentively and observe absorb these points إن شاء الله absorb it and take it in and understand it يحكم على الرجل بأنه ليس من هل السنة والجماعة when we say that this person is not from هل السنة he is an innovator is بأحد أموره تراته three things is when he becomes an innovator if he falls into any of these three things he is an innovator he is not من هل السنة والجماعة لا من قريب ولا من بعيد in no way shape or form first of all is أن يكون منهجه في تلاق الدليل أن يكون منهجه في تلاق الدين والاستدلال مخالف لمن هجي أهل السنة والجماعة this man the source in which he takes his religion from and the way that he uses the textual evidences it's totally and utterly in opposition to أهل السنة والجماعة is upon this person is an innovator where does he take his religion from where do you take your religion from where do we أهل السنة إن شاء الله إن شاء الله ما الله make us from them where do we take أموره where does أهل السنة take their religion from أهل السنة والجماعة take their religion from the Kitab and the Sunnah and the إجماع the Kitab the Sunnah and the إجماع that is the source of أهل السنة anyone who does not take the Kitab does not take the Sunnah and does not take the إجماع ليس من أهل السنة question here pause can anyone make تبديع on a person who does not take from the Qur'an or the Sunnah or the إجماع or is there a must there is إقامة الحجة that the proof is established upon the person or can a general mass أمي person say that this person is not mean أهل السنة can he say that yes he can if a person does not take the Qur'an he does not take the Sunnah and he does not take the إجماع in the religion any and everybody can consider that person to be an innovator إقامة الحجة does not prevent him from being a Muqtadiah or not فتنبهلي ذلك a ponder over this point for instance إستعمال الأقيسة العقلية يوجد شخص يستعمال الأقيسة العقلية على القرآن والسنة قرآن والسنة يضع القرآن والسنة ويقول الله أرستوتو يقول ها ويخبرهم ويخبرهم يضع القرآن والسنة هو من أهل بداعي والأهواء هو يعتقد أنه يكون من الإنفايتات هو يعتقد أنه يكون من الإنفايتات عبدالله المسعودين يقول يجيء قومون هناك سيكون قامة يقيسون الأمورة برأيهم يستخدمون الأمورة ويخبرونهم على القرآن على القرآن والسنة ويجمع فا يحدموا الإسلام ويثلم الإسلام سيبقون لأنه ما يفعلون هذا سيقومون الإسلام ويقومون لأنه ما يفعلون ويقومون إبنو تيني ألوكوريسة يقول التمسخ بالأقيسة تقومون تقومون بالفلوسفية الأمورة مع الإعراضي عن النصوص ويقومون من القرآن والسنة والآثار ويقومون من المتابعات من الصحابات في التابعين في التابع والتابعين باريق وأهل البداع هذا هو الطريق من الإسلام الثاني يذهبون لأهل السنة في المشاكل في المشاكل في المشاكل منه ردوا المصوص التي تخالفوا أصولهم الفاسيدة They reject the textual evidences that go against their filthy belief when the Qur'an and the Sunnah comes again نعم أطعنوا في خبر الأحد anyone who rejects خبر الأحد in عقيدة he's a muptada he says I don't say single generations in religion in عقيدة sorry I don't take single generations in عقيدة he's a muptada this individual بعيني individually he's a muptada شخصون so he's not waited for he's a muptada the khawarij the qadariyah the murjiah the the jabariyah the صوفيا if anyone meets any of those groups bumps into them into the streets they are muptada he considered them to be a muptada just the same way when you meet Chris Michael Steve you don't call a sheikh and say sheikh I met Steve and is he a Muslim أصل is that you can see this person is a kafir the muptada from the group of the صوفيا or you meet a person who is from the مثلا he is from the qadariyah and the murjiah or the khawarij he is من أهل البداع والأهواء علماء أهل السنة قديما وحديث and they spoke about these issues or else there will be no مبتدع on this earth because every single person on this earth is a muptada unless there is a sheikh who preceded you and make it a deal of this person particularly then no one will be a muptada or literally will be a muptada that's another extreme in negligence brothers and sisters extreme in negligence we have a people saying I'm not taking khabar al-had in the religion we say you مصدر تلقي where أهل السنة take their religion from you don't have it you're من المبتدع okay the second way a person can become a مبتدع is أن يعتقد أصل من أصول الفرق إضالة المنحرفة he believes in a foundation from the foundations of the people of innovation and those foundations are five the issue of the sahabas he goes against أهل السنة regarding what the sahabas are for أهل السنة or he goes against أهل السنة the issue of الوعد والوعيد promises and rulings that are found in the Qur'an in the sunnah القضاء والقدر the things that Allah تبارك وتعالى predestined the fourth one is الأسماء والحكام names and rulings that are found in the Qur'an in the sunnah like issue of the iman kufouran fisq and bida'a or not the fifth one issue is what الأسماء والصفاء Allah's names and attributes these are called أصول أهل السنة والجماعة these are fundamental issues أهل السنة والجماعة these fundamental issues أصول that I just mentioned now if a person goes against أهل السنة والجماعة then we will have to establish the proof against them we call that person زاق يونجيس أهل السنة in this issue it's a fundamental issue in the religion let us explain it to you these are أصول إقامة الحجة على المعين a particular individual requires proof to be established on them and we're all together brothers if he's consistent if he's continuous upon the innovation after he's been told يا أخي this is not what أهل السنة والجماعة believe he will then be ودهل بدا he will be considered to be for أهل البدا this one the second one the person has to be a person of knowledge to do it and a person of understanding comprehension it's not every individual who can do this second thing is that because what you have to do is two things you have to bring the proof against them and you have to remove the doubt that they have and only علم and a scholar can do that the second type it requires a person of knowledge it requires establishing a proof against a person the third type or the third thing that makes a person مبتدئ takes them out of أهل السنة والجماعة is أن يخالف في جزياتك كثيرة this person he comes with opposing أهل السنة in so many issues sub branches none of these issues are fundamentals but they're sub branches يعني أكوال شاده he brings all of the strange opinions and he brings them all to the table all of each and every one of them is a فقي issue which is فرع it's not an أصل when they come together they become a أصل that it's now harming an أصل but how can all of this shad come together for you unless there's a problem in the أصل for you it's a fundamental problem here أهل السنة والجماعة consider this person to be a مبتدئ but they do after they've established a proof against them they remove the doubt from them the last two that I just mentioned which is he goes against أهل السنة in a fundamental issue or he goes against أهل السنة in many sub branches those last two إقامة الحجة establishing the proof on the person what the علامة called and would do the شروط وان تفاق الموالع the conditions have to be met and the obstacles and the preventative factors have to be absent for the last two the first one which is مزدر طلاقي where you take your religion for brothers and sisters إقامة الحجة does not come in place in that issue فتانا با point around this issue this is where the إفراط and the تفريط happens the extreme exaggeration and extreme negligence if a person goes against أهل السنة إن مصدر طلاقي بعينه زيد خالد عمر إذا مبتدع and this is where أهل السنة والجبع many scholars have mentioned this like أبو قاسم التيمي نسكتاب الحجة في بيان المحجة شيخ لسامي بنو تيمي I mentioned this ألي ما مشاطبي you mentioned this رحمه الله تعالى أبو قاسم هبط الله اللي لك you mentioned this رحمه الله نسكتب أصول عتقاد لسنة والجبع this issue that's the problem with both parties now إن شاء الله تعالى I'm going to go into the last form of الغروف التبديع extreme negligence in التبديع which is عدم ممتحان الدعاة بأشخاص بالكلية they don't test any person with any شيخ whatsoever that's another extreme that's another it's another extreme extreme negligence if a person comes to us he's unknown we don't know who you are we've never heard of you you don't have any دعوة we will test you with some شروخs and people of knowledge we'll also test you with some of the صحابهs and this is something that was present in the books of عقيدة you find that present that إمام quoting and saying that but there are two conditions that must be met or else it's going to be a exaggeration or it's going to be negligence what are those two conditions those two conditions is the person that you're going to test the people with must be someone known يكون شخص الممتحة وبيه من أهل السنة first of all that person has to be from أهل السنة and he has to be known from أهل السنة like شيخة من أباز شيخة من أعثين من شيخة للذانية are very well known scholars everyone knows them the second one is ألا يستعمل إلا في محلي it can only be placed in its right place when is the right place this person must not be known as أهل السنة in the first place is known to be أهل السنة يدعو إلا السنة we don't test him the second thing is that this person is not in a land where the bid'a is more than the sunnah the bid'a is more than the sunnah what's the point of you testing the people with the علماء of the sunnah حالة وضع في والقوة we look at it we observe that شيخه الإسلامي بنو تيمي appointed that out if those two conditions are not met it either becomes extreme exaggeration or extreme negligence والعلمة عند الله knowledge is with Allah سبحانه وتعالى anything which I have said that was wrong or incorrect is from me and Shaytan and Allah has messaged about three from it سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك أشدو الله إلا إله إلا الله استغفروك وأتوب إليه السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته how can you do a two second action right now that will give you a share of the reward of everything we're doing on this YouTube channel سمبر like this video and click subscribe why it will allow YouTube to recommend our videos to other users and imagine the huge amount of reward that could be waiting for you on the day of judgment if you did that with a sincere intention of spreading the Dean of Allah you'll be rewarded for every single person who benefits from one of our videos as a result of your like or subscribe that's an easy two second action that you definitely don't want to miss out on do it now click like and subscribe and don't forget to make that intention


D5 Render Version 2.3 Available Now The latest version comes with 53 updates including AO Mode, Outline Mode, Round Corner, Thickness Simulation for Transparent Materials, and Optimizations for Cloud and Fog Effect, Grass Material. At the same time, we see a huge update in D5 Asset Library, that includes landscape models and materials, crops, falling water, interior parallax, 3D Asian people, and more. Here let's break some of the updates down. One of the major updates this time, is rendering effect. We bring to you better cloud and fog effects, optimized grass material, and adjustable sun disk radius in geo and sky. Clouds are divided into two types, high and low. Go to environment, weather, to further adjust the cloud effect with thickness, density, and height parameters that are newly added. Speed and direction are also adjustable, to make better movement of clouds. Just as in real life, thickness, shape, and movement of clouds, will have an effect on lighting conditions. Optimized cloud effect usually works best for aerial view rendering or natural environment visualization, especially from a low angle perspective. Adjustable sun is now available in geo and sky. You can find it in environment, skylight, geo and sky. By adjusting radius for the sun, you'll see a remarkable change to its size, and it also affects the softness of the shadows edges. Meanwhile, lighting of the scene will stay the same. Go to environment, weather, fog, and you'll find more parameters added to the fog effect. Height. Controls the altitude at which fog forms. Falloff. Controls the height falloff speed. Greater the value, faster the falloff. If you want the fog to fade out vertically, with a more smooth transition, then bring this value down a little. Start distance. Determines how far away from camera the fog forms. You can manually enter a numeric value, with a maximum of 1000 meters. Architects tend to use fog effect to add depth and a sense of space to the scene, especially for aerial view rendering. This is something you've been waiting for. The grass material in D5 has been optimized. The polished grass is rid of the rigid, upright shape, and now has a more natural look. Height, density, and trim parameters are added. Grass material in this update is recommended for family lawns, garden landscape, and meadows. Select a material, and go to advanced round corner in material template. Switch on round corner, to achieve rounding of edges and corners for selected materials. Adjustable radius parameter is also enabled. With just one click, this feature saves you the effort to make rounded corners in modeling software yourself. Line mode rendering is added to effect, style. With this option turned on, you can easily render cartoon style scenes. Support adjustable parameters of color, transparency, and change width by distance. A, O, short for ambient occlusion, is used to calculate how exposed each point in a scene is, to ambient light. It brings a sense of space and artistic contrast to the scene. You can switch on AO mode in effect, style with adjustable AO radius. AO mode rendering export and AO channel export are all supported. AO and outline mode rendering will definitely help you a lot in making amazing architectural concept diagrams. Since single-sided transparent materials are likely to cause errors when rendering, we have added a thickness parameter under, refraction, for transparent material template to solve such problems. Select the single-sided material, which in most cases is glass, and check, thickness, to simulate thickness for it so that it renders correctly. ABC file imports are now much faster and more stable, even for complex animations. Making animations in D5 is made much easier for you. Another highlight in this version is the optimization of some interactions within the software. The current interface of D5, and some commands are adjusted, to serve as a more intuitive and logical tool for you to work with, offering you a delightful and efficient rendering experience in D5. You'll find an optimized material picker in D5 2.3. Selecting material that is located behind another material from camera is now made easy with just one click. Select tool, and press Alt, so you can go through at most two layers of materials, to select the material behind, with the picker. We have added animation control, to all the animated models, for you to customize the animation playing process, by clicking on pause at any time you like. Play mode, offset, speed, and range parameters are enabled. In addition to vegetation, characters, and vehicles, path tool now also applies to animal assets in D5. Vehicle path now supports one click, to turn on or off all the car lights. Left hand drive, random color, density, and more parameters have been added, for cars drawn with path tool. This saves a lot of time, when you need dozens of cars with lights on in the scene. Playing models in D5 is now more convenient with presets. Rotation and scale of a model can be preset, before it's placed into the scene, with shortcut keys R, and C respectively. Press R, to rotate models around Z axis. One click on R leads to 90 degree rotation. Hold R and drag the model with your mouse, so you have a better control, of the rotation degree you want. Press C to scale the model up or down. One click on C, and the model automatically scales up by 10%. Hold C and drag your mouse leftwards, or rightwards to scale objects as you want. Left, to scale down, and right, to scale up. Shortcuts in D5 can be customized as you like, in menu, preference. Changing the order of decals is supported. For overlapping decals, for example, puddles, manhole covers on crosswalk decals, you can bring up the menu, by right clicking on the object list. Bring to front, send to back options are enabled, to help you reorder the decal assets. Please note that, the puddles created by rain and snow weather, will also be part of the display order for decals. Watch on depth of field, in camera, and set a focus, which will automatically activate follow focus. Unchecking follow focus, allows you to manually set the focus distance, by entering a value. The group and multi-select actions, have been optimized. Grouped objects are seen as a whole, for following actions, while multi-select is for batch editing, on multiple selected objects. For example, when you rotate a group, the group rotates around its axis, while for multi-selected objects, each of them, rotates around its own axis. Select within a group, double click on an object in a group, and you're able to select any other objects in this group, with the following clicks. Select within a scene, press alt, to select the grouped object, directly from the scene, regardless of its group. Use material picker icon, in the upper left corner of the viewport, or go to menu, tool, or simply activate it by pressing shortcut key, I, then you're able to keep selecting materials, in the scene. Multi-editing and more features, will be supported later. Batch import PBR textures option is added, to the material inspector, to allow for importing multiple PBR materials. D5 applies the metal, roughness PBR workflow, so the maps you imported, need to have the corresponding suffixes, to be recognized. Here's how to name your PBR texture maps, or you can click on the link in description box below. To find the directory where you stored the map, simply click on the texture slot, then, file location, and that folder will open on your screen immediately. The radius of brush, has been adjusted, to scale up or down with the zooming in or out of camera. To brush on a relatively small area, you can move the camera closer, so that the brush size is also smaller. For large scale scenes, especially aerial view rendering, it's recommended to move your camera away, to draw with a larger brush. On the upper left of the viewport, you can see a newly added option to switch, between local, and world coordinate system. In previous versions, D5 uses, the world coordinate system by default. In this case, all actions will be performed, along the orientation, of x, y, z coordinates, which are aligned with the world coordinates, and will not be changed. When the local coordinate system, is active, however, the orientation of an objects x, y, z coordinates, will change, according to its rotation. World, local, coordinate system activation, is a global option, so changes to the coordinate system, will apply to every model in the scene. The sync pivot feature is added. With this feature, models in D5 can retain its, 000 point, from modeling software. Making door opening, closing animation, will get so much easier. Stay tuned, for our upcoming tutorial. Please note that, in video rendering tab, if you change the coordinates, of a model with keyframes, then its keyframe data, will be cleared. When you've installed D5 render on your computer, for the first time, it will automatically run a benchmark test, after which you'll see the results. Whether your specs, are standard, or recommended. You can also download the D5 benchmark tool, from D5 website, and run the test to see how your machine performs, when it comes to real time operating, and rendering in D5 render. You can now find, estimated time remaining info, on the rendering progress bar, so you have an idea, of approximately how long it takes to finish. We've covered a variety, of rendering scenarios, with nearly 1000 new assets, in landscapes, interior parallax, Asian people and more. In this update, 300 new landscape models, including landscape furnishings, outdoor decorations, and landscape lights are ready to use, in D5 asset library, model, landscapes. You'll find a bunch of new pavilions, benches, exterior floor lamps, tree ring edgings, landscape stones, outdoor paving textures, and more ready to use assets, in D5 2.3. More than 500 vegetation assets in nature category, high quality vines, crops, succulent plants, 9 new particles of fountain, and falling water, 45 new interior parallax, for commercial and residential projects, that support lighting parameters and more. Scanned Asian characters, will be added to D5 library soon. You're welcome to post your ideas and suggestions, for animated people, on D5 forum. Alright, that concludes the video, for some major updates in D5 2.3. To learn more about what's new in this new version, please go to D5 forum, for the complete release note. If you are curious about anything that we didn't cover here, feel free to leave a comment down below and we'll come back with more tutorials for you. See you in D5 2.4.


One of the tasks that we are given and trying to do is to raise a taking care of a kid at home, taking care of your children at home, but we are troubled with, whenever we need to make a decision or not to make a decision, we are troubled with like what to consider and what not to consider. Can you give us some perspective about something that we should think while making a decision or not making a decision for the kids? Why are you making all the decisions for them? So that's the trouble. I'm not sure... I'm sure I'm... I'm not the right person to make the decision but should that be made or not, like what do I do when I need to do something? First thing we need to understand is children only come through you. They don't come from you. They are not your property. To be conducted whichever way you feel fit, yeah, they are not. If you treat them as your property or your future investment, if you treat them as such, you are committing a certain sacrilege against creation and the creator for which there will be a price. Simply it'll come in the form of life or maybe it'll come in the form of your children, the price. Yes, you'll be very unfortunate to see that. I'm saying this, a very cruel thing to say to any parent, but I'm saying this because it's a very cruel thing to parent a child. A child doesn't need that, but please see in so many ways you're doing everything possible to see that he remains dependent on you in some way or the other. You're not thinking of liberating him.  Well, you yourself open Bhagavad Gita and read and say, you should not be attached, I should not be attached. You tell your wife, see, don't be attached to me. But your children, you want them attached to you. So before you choose to have children, you must think about these things, but if already it has happened, now at least now you must think about it properly, seriously. One thing is if you want to produce something little better than yourself to the world, it's important. If you produce a child, it must be at least one step better than you, isn't it? The same nonsense is going to happen once again. What's the point? So something better than you has to happen means the first and most fundamental thing is you are one hundred percent straight. Even if it's embarrassingly straight, your one hundred percent straight is important. This is something very hard for most parents because that's the only place where they get to boss around. They have a committed audience in their children. Wherever else they speak, nobody will listen to them. Children till they become twelve years of age. Thirteen is dangerous.  You're losing that also, many of you, much earlier, isn't it? Yes? Much earlier you're losing it. So how old are they? Hmm? Okay, there's enough room for correction. You must do this. Stop parenting them. What they need is some good company, not a bloody boss walking around in the house. Yes or no? When you were growing up, did you like it? Being talked down to, did you like it? No. So what they need is a friend.  That job is already done. Fathering somebody, mothering somebody means biologically delivering them, that's been done. Now they're trying to become alive by themselves. What they need is a friend. The only qualification you have against them or over them is, you came here a few years earlier than them, that's all you have. What else do you have I'm asking? Are you sure you're more intelligent than your child? Are you sure? Huh? What? Yes. So the most important thing you need to understand, just you came here a few years earlier than them. All you have done is a few years earlier you landed here. Beyond that you have no other qualification to tell them what to do and what not to do. Yes or no? But the other consideration is, if you don't tell them, somebody else unqualified advice on the street will happen. You only have to guard them against that. But if you have to guard them against that, that you must have the courage to bring them up in such a way that they don't take any advice from you either. You say, what I say you must listen, but don't listen to your friend. He's telling you to take a drug, don't listen to him. But what the friend says seems to be more of a pleasure than the nonsense that you're talking about. That's a fact, isn't it? So it's not going to work. If you bring up your child with such a fierce sense of his own intelligence and his own decisions, then you will see he will seek help because he will very easily realize that his intelligence, his understanding is not good enough for everything. But if you bring him up that he has to listen to your advice, he will come up with a rebelliousness. Even when good things are said he won't do that, he will do the reverse of it. This is something that most parents are experiencing, isn't it? He wants to do just the reverse of it, just to feel independent because he doesn't know what it means to be independent. So four is not bad. Now you can start treating them as just one more person, not as my child, my child, it is not yours, I'm telling you. At the most you're given some genetic substance to create a body. You can't create a life, don't have such grandos ideas about yourself.  You just provided some substance, some genetic substance to make a body, yes? That too you did not think about all these things out of your own compulsions, you do something and they land up, yes? So understanding that a child is not your making, it's a privilege, they have come through you, enjoy the privilege, cherish the privilege, respect the privilege, do not abuse the privilege that's been given to you. It's very important. Why are you brought up this or that? You're supposed to grow up as a human being, isn't it? It is just that most people never create an atmosphere for people to grow. They have brought up the way you want them to be, not the way they should be as life. If you're not ramming up nonsense into their head, they have a tremendous sense of observation and observation naturally pops up a million questions. You answer as many questions as you can, the way you know it. What you don't know, you just tell them I don't know. My only problem is I came a few years earlier than you, this doesn't mean I know everything. Admit it to your children, what's the problem? Yes?  You think they can't see it? If you think they can't see it, I want you to know by the time they are ten, twelve, thirteen, if they have some problem within them, they don't come to you, they go to their friends. Why? Because they feel they're more sincere than you. Know the reason? Yes or no?  Who wants to listen to your nonsense?   Yes or no? Unless you brought up on it seriously. So just handle this privilege sensibly, respectfully. Do not abuse this privilege. Just you have to protect them from wrong influences. Rest, leave them free. If you think they will anyway go wrong, that must be your own self-knowledge. You are so sure of yourself, my children bound to go wrong. Just protect them from… you have to protect them a little bit from wrong influences. But at the same time they must remain free of your influence, which is also a bad influence. I'm saying, if you show that what you're doing is of real worth and you're willing to invest your life in that, why would your children not invest their life in it? If you don't show that commitment, if you do not show that involvement with life and you're expecting them to become wonderful whatever, no, it will not happen.  They're observing what you do and how you are, isn't it? So if you want to raise children, please raise yourself. Don't worry about the children. Just raise yourself into your wonderful human being. Make yourself that. It will reflect. It cannot go wrong. But there's no guarantee. Like in everything in life, there's no guarantee because there may be some other stronger influence on the street side, isn't it?