Hi, Shant. Okay. Yeah. You have joined recently or what? She will continue with. I need to give him. Okay. We were doing last class. Okay. So like last class we have done. About the calculation of alpha, right? How and when we can neglect alpha? Few questions, one or two questions we have already done on that. So the next thing we have to discuss here is common ion effect. Have we discussed this common ion effect? Tell me common ion effect. Write down the heading common ion effect. Okay. So write down first of all, what is common ion effect? In this, we are talking about weak electrolyte. Okay. Electrolyte we have already discussed. Okay. And this thing is the degree of dissociation. Write down the degree of dissociation. Dissociation of a weak electrolyte. A weak electrolyte is suppressed by suppressed by the addition of, suppressed by the addition of another electrolyte. Another electrolyte. Okay. So we are talking about two electrolytes here. Okay. Two electrolytes. And we're talking about the dissociation of those electrolytes. What is the meaning of this particular concept is suppose we have two different electrolytes, right? One is suppose I am taking, suppose I will take the example of a weak electrolyte, which is CS3 COOH. When it dissociate, it forms what? CS3 COO minus and H plus. And another electrolyte, suppose I am taking, which is, suppose I'm taking a strong electrolyte here at CL. So this will form CL minus plus H plus. Okay. So both electrolyte if you compare, they contains one ion common. Okay. And what is that common ion? The common ion is H plus here. Right. So when the two electrolyte contains one common ion. Okay. So dissociation of the weak electrolyte is suppressed by the another one, which has a common ion. Okay. Okay. Okay. So since both the electrolyte contains one common ion, the dissociation of weak electrolyte is suppressed. Means the alpha value of CS3 COOH will be very, very less or minimum here. And suppose if you take these two electrolytes in a container. Right. So in this container, suppose I have added CS3 COOH and HCL. Right. CS3 COOH and HCL. Then what all ions will be there in this container? The ions will be what? We will have CL minus. We will have CS3 COO minus and H plus. Three ions will be there. Right. And what we consider because of the common ion, what we say this H plus is because of HCL, not because of CS3 COOH, if it is not mentioned. Understood. That the H plus, which is present in the solution is because of the dissociation of only HCL, not CS3 COOH. It doesn't mean that CS3 COOH will not dissociate at all. The point is, since this is strong and this is weak, and both contains one common ion, so the dissociation of weak electrolyte will be suppressed by the dissociation of strong electrolyte here. And hence, most of the H plus, 99% you can say, or more than that also even, can say most of the S plus in this solution or mixture, most of the H plus is because of the dissociation of HCL, not because of CS3 COOH. Okay. That's the meaning of common ion effect. Okay. Application of this also you will see in few questions. Okay. They'll ask this theoretical questions directly. Okay. Understood. Now suppose in this, if I take one more example, suppose I'm taking an electrolyte we have, and suppose that electrolyte is, which on dissociation gives B minus and A plus. Okay. And suppose it is a strong one. So when the dissociation takes place, this becomes zero and this becomes whatever the molarity of this compound we have, and this is also M, whatever the concentration we have. Another weak electrolyte, weak electrolyte, suppose I'm assuming that is HA, which on dissociation gives H plus and A minus, and A minus, here also it should be B plus and A minus, not A plus, with an ion we have. If this is C, zero to zero, C minus CL5 after dissociation, this becomes CL5 and this becomes CL5. Okay. So if I write down the KA value for this acid, that will be what? Concentration of H plus, concentration of A minus, divided by concentration of HA. Now you see these two are there in a mixture, right? Both are present in a mixture. Then only we can apply the concept of common ion effect. Okay. Now H plus concentration we know it is CL5, as I have written over here, CL5, and this A minus concentration is what this plus this, because both equilibrium is being affected by each other, because they have one common ion. So the concentration of A minus will be CL5 for H plus, for A minus it is CL5, plus whatever the molarity we have, divided by the concentration of HA, which is C into one minus alpha, right? Now the concept of common ion if you apply, because of this is strong electrolyte, the dissociation of this is suppressed, right? So alpha value is very less than, is very small or very less than one, we can say. Or what we can say, one minus alpha, which is here, one minus alpha, we can almost write it as one. We can neglect alpha since the dissociation of HA is very small. So we can neglect alpha with respect to one, right? So next thing here, if you write it is C alpha, now we are just solving this, C alpha into C alpha plus M divided by C. This C and C will get cancelled and when you multiply alpha, it becomes C alpha square plus M alpha, M alpha. Now since alpha is very small, so alpha square is even small, right? So we can also neglect this alpha square. Why? Since alpha is small, alpha is very small. So we can neglect alpha square also, okay? Hence, C alpha square can be neglected, can be neglected, right? So this expression becomes, K A is equals to M alpha, which gives alpha is equals to K A by M, okay? Alpha is equals to K A by M. This is the value of alpha we have when common and effect will apply. If you try to recall the same kind of expression we have already got in Ostwald dilution law, but little bit difference we have here, what in Ostwald dilution law, alpha is found to be K A by C root over of it, okay? But this root term is not there, right? This is the value of alpha when common and effect is there. Is it clear? Okay, now one question you write down and you try to solve this one. Calculate the degree of ionization. I'll just write down the question. Calculate the degree of ionization of 0.02 molar acetic acid, acetic acid, if it's K A value, if it's K A value is 1.8 into 10 to the power minus 5, what would be the degree of dissociation, degree of ionization, degree of ionization if the solution contains 0.01 molar sodium acetate. Sodium acetate. Yes, yes, yes, I'm sure. Because you see in the solution, you don't try to memorize this. You see this, the previous slide I'll show you. There's nothing to memorize here. Okay, whenever the solution contains 0, whenever the thing is there to memorize, I told you already that you have to memorize this. You see in the solution, what all ions we have? We have Cl minus CS3CO minus and H plus. So this H plus is coming from HCl and CS3COH. However, the dissociation or the ionization of this is suppressed from this HCl, which we are neglecting here also. 1 minus alpha is equals to 1. But since here also you see A minus and A minus. In the solution if you see, we have B plus, H plus and A minus. And we do not know from where this A minus is coming from. But we can say since these two has 1 comma ion, so most of the A plus, A minus is coming from H A only, which is a strong electrolyte. So whatever the A minus we have total, we are assuming it is both from this one and this one. But hence, the sense of this 2 contains 1 comma ion. So the degree of dissociation or ionization is this is very small and we can neglect this with respect to 1 and so on. That's why it is, right? Then 3 into 10 to the power minus 2. Is it 3 into 10 to the power minus 2? All of you are getting 3 into 10 to the power minus 2. Okay, I see. First of all, suppose if you have only acetic acid, CH3, COOH, only this one. If it dissociates, it forms what? CH3, COO minus and H plus. And it's alpha value if you calculate, which is not the question. If this alpha value you calculate from post-vault dilution law, that will be what? KE divided by its concentration root over of it. Anyone of you, if you have any doubt in this, you can ask me. Since I have done this in the last class, I have not known. Writing down the steps. How do we get this alpha value here? And when you write down the value here, 1.8 into 10 to the power minus 5 divided by 0.02 root over of it. And when you solve this, you will get 3 into 10 to the power minus 2, which is most of you are getting. Yes or no, this is what you are getting. But the question is not this. You'll get this as alpha when we have only CH3, COOH. This is not required to calculate. This is not the question. I have just calculated this to make you understand one point here. So first of all, this formula we can use when we have only CH3, COOH present. But here in this question, we have CH3, COOH and sodium acetate. The mixture we have is CH3, COOH and CH3, COONA. This is a strong electrolyte and this is a weak electrolyte. So here we have one common ion. And what is the common ion we have here? Can you tell me? What is the common ion? CH3, CO minus, yes. So don't get confused that common ion is always, you know, H plus or something like that, some cation. We can have any common ion. We are talking about ion, not cation or anion. So this will dissociate and forms CH3, CO minus and H plus. And when this dissociate, it forms CH3, CO minus and NA plus. So both contains one common ion here, which is CH3, CO minus. So obviously because of this common ion effect, the alpha value here for this weak electrolyte I'm talking about, because what is the question? Calculate the degree of ionization. If the solution contains this, means the degree of ionization of acetic acid we have to find out when this contains sodium acetate. So obviously alpha value is this when we don't have any common ion present. But when we have common ion like this in this situation, according to the logic, which is common ion effect, alpha value should be lesser than this, correct? Yes or no? The alpha value should be lesser than this, 3 into 2 minus 2. That is what our question is, right? Now that value must be less than this, otherwise the answer is wrong. Okay? So how do we calculate alpha here? Here you see, if only CH3, CO H is present, then it will dissociate according to the alpha value of this. But now since we have one common ion, so this CH3, CO H will not dissociate with the alpha value, which we have calculated already, which is this. So when this dissociate, it forms CH3, CO minus and H plus and its concentration it is given, which is 0.02. And suppose it dissociates X mole, which should be less than this, right? X and this will form X and this will form X. Right? Another electrolyte that we have, CS3, CO and A, when it dissociates, it forms CH3, COO minus and Na plus. Since this is a strong electrolyte whose concentration we know already, which is 0.01, so when it dissociates, it forms 0.01 molar of CS3, COO minus and 0.01 molar of Na plus. Right? K A value is given. So we have to write the expression of K A because we have to use this. So K A we can write for this one because this is an acid, this is a salt and this is an acid. So K A we can write only for acid. So K A value if I write here, see, K A is equals to what we can write, CS3, COO minus according to the first equation into H plus divided by CH3, COOH. Right? What is the concentration of CS3, COO minus? CS3, COO minus concentration is what? It is X from here and 0.01 from here. So concentration of CS3, COO minus is X plus 0.01 into concentration of H plus is X divided by concentration of CS3, COOH is 0.02 minus X and this K A value is given, which is 1.8 into 10 to the power minus 5. One more thing here you see, we have to calculate alpha, right? When CS3, COO Na is present, sodium acetate. So alpha value is what? It is a degree of ionization, which we can consider same as degree of dissociation. And what is that? Number of moles, number of moles reacted divided by, divided by total moles initially taken. We have done this in chemical equilibrium. Moles reacted divided by the number of moles, which we have taken initially. So what is the moles reacted in this case? X mole, here you see. So we can write X by initially what we take since we are talking about of CS3, COOH. So we will take 0.02, 0.02. This is the alpha dash I should write here because this is a new degree of ionization in presence of the common ion. So this alpha dash we have to find out, which is nothing but X by 0.02, right? So if you get X, you can find out this alpha dash, which should be less than this alpha here, 3 into 10 to the power minus 2. Now here you see since this X is very small because of the common ion effect. So we can neglect this X with respect to 0.01, right? So we'll write here 1.8 into 10 to the power minus 5. If you neglect X with respect to this, you'll get 0.01 into X. And this denominator also this X we can neglect with respect to 0.02, right? And when you solve this, X value you'll get is 3.6 into 10 to the power minus 5, which is obviously lesser than this value, right? Now X value is 3.6 10 to the power minus 5, which we can substitute here, 3.6 into 10 to the power minus 5 divided by 0.02, right? And when you solve this, you'll get 1.8 into 10, 1.8 into 10 to the power minus 4, right? 1.8 into 10 to the power minus 4. So this is the actual value of alpha dash when we have this common ion effect. You see this value is lesser than this, right? This value is lesser than this, which is our logic. 10 to the power minus 3, okay, 10 to the power minus 3. So this is the value of alpha dash here. Is it correct? So this is the answer, 1.8 10 to the power minus 3. So you remember most of you have calculated this. This we can use when we have only CS3 COH present. In presence of a common ion, we have to calculate like this. Next to write down, pH also we were discussing, right? Next one is H of the mixture of weak acid and strong acid. We have a mixture of weak and strong acid. We have to calculate the pH of that. Suppose a strong acid here is I am taking HB and this weak acid here is HA.  Sorry, H plus and B minus, okay? And if the concentration of this suppose I am assuming it is C1 and this is C2. So since it is a strong acid, so it is initially C1, 00. And since it is a strong, it dissociates completely C1 and C1. This is for a strong. Now for weak acid suppose, which is HA, which also gives H plus and A minus, which is C2, 00 initially. Now C2 minus C2 alpha, C2 alpha and C2 alpha. So we have to calculate what? We have to calculate pH. And the formula of pH is what? Minus log of H plus minus log of H plus. So what is the concentration of H plus here? The concentration of H plus is C1 from the strong acid and C2 alpha from the weak acid. So if you know this C1 and C2 will be given in the question, right? With K value will also be given for the weak electrolyte. See, when I write down the K expression for this, the weak electrolyte, what is the K expression of this? It is equals to concentration of H plus, concentration of A minus divided by the concentration of HA. This expression, which is nothing but the Ostwald deletion law, which is only applicable for weak electrolyte, not for strong electrolyte. So in this type of question, the K value of weak electrolyte will be given. And this will be equals to C2 alpha plus C1, the concentration of H plus because we have the mixture of these two. Sorry, A minus concentration will be C2 alpha divided by the concentration of HA will be C2 into 1 minus alpha, right? K value will be given in the question. C1, C2 will be given. From this expression, you can calculate alpha, right? So from this relation, you can calculate alpha. And when you get alpha substituted here, you'll get H plus concentration and then you can find out pH, which is nothing but minus log of C1 plus C2 alpha, right? Substitute this alpha value here. C1, C2 will be given. You can find out the answer. Is it clear? Understood this? Make sure of weak acid. The only thing you have to keep in mind, the only thing you have to keep in mind, is the calculation of H plus. Okay, thank you. Thanks all. When you have to calculate pH, you have to find out H plus concentration, right? And H plus concentration, depending on whether you have weak acid, strong acid, and mixture of acid and base, which will neutralize each other. Accordingly, we'll calculate H plus concentration and we'll use this formula of pH. Okay? That's the only thing you have to do. Anyways, next question. Thank you all of you. Thanks. Okay. Now you see the next question. What concentration of HCOO minus is present in a solution, present in a solution of 0.015 molar HCOOH, 0.02 molar HCL. K value is given. That is 1.8 into 10 to the power minus 4. Solve this one. 1.35 into 10 to the power minus 4. Concentration of CS3 HCOO minus is 1.35 into 10 to the power minus 4. Yeah, it's correct. Yeah, answer is correct. What we'll do into this one? You tell me one more thing. Like some of you may have this confusion that there are two acids given. One is HCOOH and other one is HCL. This K value is given for which one of these? For which one of these acid? K value is given for which one of these acids? Yeah, it's for V. K value is always given for V acid. In the question, it is given that K is for this HCOOH. It is given, but I did not write it down here. Because you should understand this K, whenever it is written, it is always for V acid. And HCL, obviously it is a strong one. So this is given for HCOOH. Here also we have 1,9, which is H plus. You see, I'll just quickly write down the solution for all of you, if you haven't got it. Yeah, HCL is a strong acid. You see the concentration of HCOOH is given 0.015. HCL is 0.02. K value, if you write for the weaker one, which will be H plus into HCOO minus divided by HCOOH. H plus concentration is given, which is 0.02. See, one is weak, other one is strong. H plus, what we assume because of the common ion effect, it comes only from HCL. So that will be the concentration of H plus here will be 0.02 into concentration of HCOO minus, which we have to find out. And HCOOH concentration is 0.015. K value is 1.8 into 10 to the power minus 4. When you solve this, you'll get concentration of HCOO minus will be equals to 1.35 into 10 to the power minus 4 molar. You can also do this by assuming alpha, x and all. Eventually, what do we have to do? We have to write down this expression. And finally, we have to neglect alpha with respect to this, with respect to this concentration value. So ultimately, you'll get this only. Like this also you can do. This also you can do directly can substitute. And this you'll get the answer. Both ways are correct. One more question. Calculate H plus concentration. Calculate H plus concentration in a 0.20 molar solution of dichloroacetic acid. Dichloroacetic acid. I want you to write down the formula of this also. Dichloroacetic acid. It's K value is given, which is 5 into 10 to the power minus 2. That also contains 0.1 molar sodium dichloroacetate. Sodium dichloroacetate neglect hydrolysis of sodium salt. 0.1. 0.18. 0.1. Okay. What about others? Now you see. See, if you calculate alpha for this dichloroacetic acid, what is the formula of dichloroacetic acid? Tell me. Formula of dichloroacetic acid. First of all, we'll calculate alpha for this from host world dilution law. I have discussed this last class. And I guess you forgot. Alpha is equals to K a by the concentration C root over of it. Right? And this K a value will be 5 into 10 to the power minus 2 divided by 0.20 root over of it. When you solve this, you'll get 2.5 root over of it, which is obviously more than alpha. This value is more than 0.05. Right? And if you remember, I have discussed this when alpha value is more than 0.05, then we'll do the what? Exact calculation. We will not neglect. If you remember this, is it root 0.25? 5 by 2, we are getting now. 5 by 2, 0.5 into 10 to the power minus 2 divided by 0.20. It's 0.25. Correct. It's 0.25. Then also it is greater than 0.05. Correct. Yeah, my calculation mistake. Sorry. Right? Then also alpha value is greater than 0.05. Correct. Okay. So we hence we have to do the exact calculation. The first question you see, the first question you see, I know you'll miss this here. This alpha value is what? It is 0.03, which is less than 0.05. Yes. Hence we have neglected alpha here. You see, hence we have neglected x or alpha here and we get the answer. That's why here in this question, in this question, you cannot neglect alpha, but you have to do the exact calculation. Did you understand? Exact calculation we have to do. We cannot neglect alpha here. Now you see when you write down the equation here, this is dichloroacetic acid. C-S-Cl2-C-O-H and it gives C-H-Cl2-C-O-O minus and H plus. And for this, it is 0.0200 initially. Now it becomes 0.02 minus 0.02 alpha, 0.02 alpha, 0.02 alpha. Next we have dichloroacetate, sodium acetate. That will be C-H-Cl2-C-O-O-NA and it gives C-H-Cl2-C-O-O minus and H plus. Its concentration is given 0.1 molar and it's a strong electrolyte 0.1 and 0.1. So if I write down the K-A expression, again K is given for weak electrolyte, which is this one. So K-A will be concentration of C-H-Cl2-C-O-O minus H plus divided by C-H-Cl2-C-O-O-H. C-H-Cl2-C-O minus concentration will be what? 0.1 plus this? 0.1 plus 0.02 alpha into H plus concentration is 0.02 alpha. This is what we have to find out. First we'll get alpha from this equation. Then 0.02 into that will be the answer. Okay, divided by C-H-Cl2-C-O-O-H, which is 0.02 into 1 minus alpha. Now this quadratic you have to solve. 5 into 10 to the power minus 2, which is 5 into 1 minus 2, which is 0.05. Or we can say 5 divided by 100. Now you solve this equation and you find out the value of alpha. Quadratic you have to solve. What is the value of alpha you are getting? 0.02, 5 by 20 root over 8. 2.5 by 10 is 0.25 root under. That will be 5 by 10, 0.5 I think we are getting. Check once, is there any calculation mistake? What is K value? K value is 5 into 10 to the power minus 2. 5 into 10 to the power minus 2 K value, right? So 5 by 100 is just a calculation. Tell me the value of alpha you are getting here. What is the value of alpha you are getting? Concentration is 0.2, correct. Okay, I have taken it wrong. Anyways, you take 0.2 only. Whatever the concentration you take that only. Okay, I have written here it is 0.02. You take 0.2. Here also it is 0.2, 0.2 and 0.2. Find out alpha and then the answer will be 0.2 into alpha. This is the value we have to find out. H plus concentration. Yes, but alpha is 0.25, correct. And hence H plus will be what? 0.5, 0.25 into 2, 0.5. The alpha value you get here is 0.25. Hence H plus concentration 0.25 that gives 0.5. By mistake I have taken 0.02. Understood, you must take care of this thing. Here only usually we make mistake. Calculation of alpha. You must check alpha whether it is less than 0.05 or greater than 0.05. Okay, you must do this calculation. Next you write down when we have di-basic acid. Next, like I told you already that in this chapter we have calculation of pH. There are a lot of questions of pH calculation. So write down pH of di-basic acid, di-basic acids and polyprotic and polyprotic acid. Which means where we have more than one H plus ion present. Suppose the acid general expression I will write down. Suppose the acid we have H2A, di-basic acid 2H plus ion it can give. Concentration is C and when it dissociates it forms HA minus plus H plus, right. So when it dissociates initially it is 0 and 0. So C minus C alpha 1, this is C alpha 1 and this is C alpha 1. Next what happens since this HA minus can also produce H plus. So when this dissociates it forms H plus plus A minus 2, right. 2H plus ion it can give. That's why it is di-basic acid. So this concentration is already we have that is C alpha 1 and when it is 0 and 0 next when it dissociates it forms C alpha 1 minus C alpha 1 alpha 2 where alpha 2 is the degree of ionization of this. Alpha 1 is the degree of ionization of this. The H plus ion that you get here will be C alpha 1 alpha 2 and A minus 2 will be C alpha 1 alpha 2. Now here one thing you must take care of that this is we have a reaction vessel or we have a beaker in which this di-basic acid H2A is present and all these reactions 1 and 2 is taking place in this vessel only, in the same vessel. So in this in one reaction HA minus is forming and in other reaction HA minus is dissociating, right. So concentration of HA minus will be same here, here and here it will be same. Here the concentration is this but here the concentration is C alpha 1 minus C alpha 1 already. So concentration of HA minus will be here also C alpha 1 minus C alpha 1 alpha 2. This is the concentration of HA minus because both reactions are in equilibrium with each other, right. From H2A first of all HA is forming and simultaneously this is also dissociating into A minus and A minus 2 and H plus. So when this equilibrium is established the concentration of HA minus is C alpha 1 minus C alpha 1 alpha 2. The same concentration of HA minus should be here also. Is it clear? So for this one for this suppose it is KA1 and for this reaction suppose the equilibrium constant is KA2. So if I write down KA1 that will be equals to concentration of HA minus, concentration of H plus divided by the concentration of H2A, right. Concentration of HA minus will be C alpha 1 if I take common 1 minus alpha 2, H plus will be C alpha 1 alpha 2. Again you see H plus is present in both reaction. So here also the concentration of H plus will be C alpha 1 alpha 2, correct. So this is again H plus in this, okay one thing, one thing. This is again, this is not there, correct, correct. Okay, so now you see in both reaction we are getting H plus concentration. Here H plus concentration is this and already C alpha 1 is present. So total concentration of H plus is what? C alpha 1 alpha 2 we have to add into this one and here also we have to add C alpha 1. So the total concentration of H plus will be C alpha 1 plus C alpha 1 alpha 2. So H plus concentration is this, I'll write down this here. This into C alpha 1 if I take common 1 plus alpha 2 bracket close divided by H2A concentration is what? C into 1 minus alpha 1. Like this we'll write down the expression of KA1, okay. Similarly KA2 will be what? Will be H plus A minus 2 divided by HA minus. H plus is again same C alpha 1 into 1 plus alpha 2. A minus 2 will be C alpha 1 alpha 2 divided by C alpha 1 into 1 minus alpha 2. Now you can also solve this. H plus the important point is what? Since we have to find out pH so we need H plus concentration. So the important thing here it is what? The H plus concentration is C alpha 1 plus C alpha 1 alpha 2.  And then we can solve this and we'll get pH. Both these value will be given in the question. With the help of these two value we can calculate alpha 1 and alpha 2. And then we'll find out H plus concentration. C A1 A2 plus C A1 which one? That's what I have written, correct? No. Okay can we move on? Write down the question based on this. Find the concentration of H plus HCO3 minus and CO32 minus in A 0.01 molar solution of carbonic acid. What is the formula of carbonic acid? If the pH of the solution is 4.18 you see pH is given. K1 is given 4.45 into 10 to the power minus 7 and K2 is 4.69 into 10 to the power minus 11. Solve this one. Yes, H2CO3 is carbonic acid. Solve this one. 16 to 6 10 to the power minus 5 minus 5 minus concentration is 4.78. Strong circuit. Check your calculation. So one thing I'll give you. pH is given so you can directly find out H plus concentration. pH is 4.18. So that we can write 4 plus 0.18. And that we can write 4 plus 6 log 2 because log 2 is 3. And this will be log of 10 to the power minus 4 plus log of 2 to the power 6. Is it correct? See, excuse me. We can write this 18 as 6 into 0.3. 0.03, right? Okay, it is 0.03. Yeah, that's a mistake I made. The derivative calculation we have in this. 4 into 0.6 into 0.3. Can we write this? Now 0.3 is log 2. 4 plus 2.6 log 2. So log of 10 to the power minus 4 plus log of 2 to the power 0.6. So this becomes 2 to the power 0.6 into 10 to the power minus 4 log of the whole this. So this concentration is this 2 to the power 0.6 into 10 to the power minus 4. What is the value of this one? 2 to the power 0.6. Can you tell me? Minus log, correct. So minus log, so we'll have, let me correct this. Minus log of h plus is equals to log of 0.6 into 10 to the power minus 4. So h plus concentration will be 2 to the power minus of 0.6 into 10 to the power 4. Is it correct? Yeah, correct. When you solve this, you'll get h plus concentration is 6.61 into 10 to the power minus 5 mole per liter. However, this solution is not given, right? They have only given the answer. Ph is this, so h plus is this. We can cross check your calculation. H plus concentration should be this. Now when you have this h2SO3, h2CO3, sorry. When it dissociate, it forms hCO3 minus and h plus. And kA1 for this will be concentration of hCO3 minus into h plus divided by concentration of h2CO3. So h plus concentration you have already, h2CO3 is given, right? You can also find out hCO3 minus kA value is given. So I'll just write down the answer here. hCO3 minus answer will be 6.73 you are getting, 6.73 into 10 to the power minus 5 mole per liter. And when you have this similarly with the help of kA2 value, you can find out the concentration of CO3 minus 2. For the second reaction, CO3 minus 2 concentration, the answer you will get is 4.78 into 10 to the power minus 11 mole per liter. This is the answer. Next I write down Ph of the mixture. Ph of the mixture. I'll just explain this one with the help of one question. And it is basically, you know, when you are talking about mixture, so mixture can be anything. We can have the mixture of anything possible. We can have acid plus acid mixture. We can have acid plus base mixture. And the last we can have base plus base mixture. Anything is possible into this. Now, when you have only acid present, so both this acid will give what? H plus ion. Here acid will give H plus and the base will give OH minus. So this gives you the neutralization process, neutralization reaction. Both will neutralize each other. Base if you have only base, then it gives OH minus. So in all the three cases, you may have the question to find out the Ph of the mixture. And again, for Ph, we need H plus concentration. So if you have acid directly, you can find out H plus from there and Ph we can calculate. So what we can say when we have acid plus acid mixture, acid is mixing with acid. So there are few data will be given in this kind of question. Calculation is mad. So let it be. Remember in the exam, you will not get those kind of calculation. It's only because of like you should have the practice of all kind of questions. So it is important for you to solve those kind of questions. Understood? Yeah, actually it depends upon just a second. Depending upon the option you can solve. And in the exam, you will not get those kind of tough calculations. Don't worry with that. Okay, but you have to do some questions like that. So if you have acid plus acid, right? So two, three things are there. Either normality will be given or molarity will be given for the acid, even for base also. This thing, what I'm discussing now, it is true for all these three cases, acid base, acid, acid and base base. Normality or molarity will be given. Volume will also be given into this. Okay. So if you have molarity given for any acid, so if the acid is also given, so we should also know the n factor of whatever acid and base we have. So if molarity is given, then we can multiply this by n factor and we'll get normality, right? And we know normality into volume that gives you the number of what? Normality into volume gives the number of, what is normality into volume? Number of equivalence, okay? And we also know in moral concept two, we have discussed that when two molecules are reacting acid base, acid, acid, then equal equivalence react, right? Equal equivalence react. So suppose you have acid one and acid two, we are mixing here. So whatever the equivalence of these two that we have to add to get the resultant equivalent of the mixture or resultant normality of the mixture, right? So what we can write here in this case, both acid and base will give you H plus, right? Acid one is mixing with another acid two. So since both are acid, so both will give H plus ion. So concentration of H plus will write here. That will be N1V1 plus N2V2 divided by V1 plus V2. Volume of acid one, volume of acid two, right? This gives you H plus and then we can find out pH if you have H plus, right? Case two, if you have acid plus base, acid A and base B. So in this case, when you have acid and base reaction, then it is a neutralization process, right? And in this case, there are three, in this particular section, there are three cases possible. What we'll do? We'll just calculate the number of equivalent of acid, which is NAVA and number of equivalent of base, which is NBVB. So there are three possibilities. One is when the equivalence of acid is more than to that of base, when both are equal, when the number of equivalent of base is more than to that of acid, right? So three cases possible, excuse me, three cases possible here. When we have NAVA greater than NBVB, right? So acid is more than that of base. So resultant mixture is acidic mixture. And since the mixture is acidic, so we'll get H plus concentration here. And this H plus concentration will be what? The number of equivalence of acid that has been neutralized that will be equals to the number of equivalent of base, right? This divided by VA plus PhoB. We are mixing acid and base, right? So whatever is more that will left behind after the neutralization reaction is complete, right? And whatever is less that will completely consume or indirectly we can also say whatever is less that will be the limiting reagent, okay? So the number of equivalence of acid that is left that gives the solution acidic property and since the solution is acidic, so we'll calculate H plus and by this, okay? Similarly, third, the second case or third one I'll discuss here, suppose, when the number of equivalence of base is more than to that of acid. So in this case, acid will get consumed completely. This is the limiting reagent. Here the limiting reagent is base. And hence, since base is more, solution will be what? Solution will be basic. For basic solution, we calculate OH minus. OH minus concentration will be what? The number of equivalent of base that is left. VA plus PhoB. So when you have OH minus, from here we can calculate what? PoH. And if you have PoH, right? And then we can calculate pH because we know pH plus PoH is equals to 14 at 25 degrees Celsius, right? These kind of questions usually they ask at 25 degrees Celsius only. If they change the temperature, they'll give you KW value for that, okay? So accordingly, you can add these two and put the value here and then we can find out pH. One more case possible here it is what? When third case possible is what? When the number of equivalence of acid is equals to the number of equivalence of base. In this case, the solution will be pH will be neutral and pH is 7 in this case. At obviously 25 degrees Celsius. Okay, here we are not considering the hydrolysis of salt. Neglecting the hydrolysis of salt. We are neglecting here the hydrolysis of salt. One more very important thing here it is what? In case one and two, in these two cases, in these two cases, right? Buffer solution may form. Buffer solution forms. What is buffer solution we'll discuss, okay? And in this case, if hydrolysis of salt we are considering, then pH will calculate according to the formula of hydrolysis of salt that also we'll discuss. But if hydrolysis is not considering hydrolysis of salt, then this is the case of, okay, sorry, then pH value will be different if you're considering the hydrolysis of salt. But hydrolysis of salt is only possible when the complete neutralization process is there. So in this case, hydrolysis of salt is possible, right? In this case, buffer solution forms. So in case of hydrolysis of salt, right, there is a different formula of pH that we'll discuss. We'll see the derivation of that also. Buffer solution, we have different formula of pH, different buffer solution, how it works and all, everything is there. We'll discuss that. So all these things comes under, these hydrolysis of salt and buffer solution comes under the reaction of acid and base. That too, what is the equivalent of acid and base you are taking? So all these things, in this kind of question, you have to, first of all, you have to check what is the equivalent of acid you are taking and base you are taking. Depending upon the equivalent of acid and base, we will calculate H plus, H minus concentration according to this. And if solution is forming a buffer solution, then we'll see what is the pH calculation over there in case of buffer solution. We'll discuss that suitcase into hydrolysis. Actually, you see what happens. A little bit I'll discuss now. I thought I should discuss this in the class. See, actually what happens, this acid and base, there are again four cases possible here. Acid can be strong and weak and base can be strong and weak. So if you take the, you know, four different possibilities, strong acid is strong base, strong acid weak base, weak acid is strong base, weak acid weak acid weak base. Like this four different cases are possible. Correct? So when you see, first of all, suppose, a little bit I'll discuss now because we are discussing something else. Since you have asked, I'll just discuss a little bit here. Suppose I am taking NaOH and HCl. Equal equivalents, NaOH and HCl. This forms what? NaCl and H2O. So this salt which is forming over here, this salt may also react with H2O. However, in this case it is not possible. But if you take, because both are strong, this is a strong base, this is strong acid. And there is one more thing that the hydrolysis of a strong acid and hydrolysis of the salt of a strong acid and a strong base is not possible. We'll discuss this later on. But if you take this weak acid, you have CS3, COOH and NaOH. So this gives you CS3, COO and Na plus H2. Now this is a salt we have and this gives the iron which is CS3, COO minus and Na+. Now this is the base. This reacts from salts plus water. This salt also has tendency to dissolve into the water. That is nothing but the hydrolysis. So what kind of salt can be dissolved? What kind of iron we should have here where the dissolution is possible that we'll discuss in the physical class when we do the hydrolysis of salt. So since this is forming, reaction is forming, we are getting salt over here. This salt, depending on its lattice energy, this salt will also have tendency to get dissolved into water. That is why hydrolysis of salt we are discussing. The point is these two are having equal equivalence but when the product forms, this product when we get whatever the salt we have, this salt may dissolve in this water depending on the nature of the salt. It has nothing to do with whether the number of equivalence of acid and base is same or not. That's why we said that acid and acid forms salt plus water. Usually what we say, acid base when reactant forms, the answer is salt plus water but it is not always true. Acid and base forms salt plus water whenever the acid and base is strong. If they are not strong, any one of these is weak. In this case, any one of these is weak. The acid is weak here. In this case, the reaction may go in the reverse direction. That's why this reaction is reversible reaction but this one is not reversible reaction. This is irreversible reaction. Why? Because the cation of base and an ion of acid which are strong is not hydrolyzed. There are many things to discuss into this. We will discuss this in the hydrolysis of salt. Let's not waste our time over here. The point is why it gets dissolved? Why it gets hydrolyzed? The point is whatever the product you are getting, the reaction of these two products has nothing to do with the number of equivalents of these two. Once it has been formed, depending on its nature, it will either dissolve into water or don't dissolve. That's the reason. We were discussing these four different cases here. Buffer solution will get when we have these two cases possible and hydrolysis of salt is possible whenever we have complete mutualization. These two you must remember. Now you see the question onto this. In the mixture, see we have sample 1, sample 2. pH is given. pH is 2. pH is 3. Volume is 1 liter. And here the volume is 2 liter. You have to find out the pH of the mixture. What is this pH of the mixture? Bharat is right. It is 2.3980. Approximately 2.4. And then it's also closed. 2.39, 2.4 you can have. Yes, 2.398. So basically we have pH, so we can get H plus concentration from there. And then concentration into volume, like this we write simply, the molarity of the resultant solution will be M1V1 plus M2V2 divided by V1 plus V2. M1 is nothing but 10 to the power minus 2 H plus concentration into 1 plus 10 to the power minus 3 into 2 divided by 3. This is what you have to solve. The answer will be 2.398 exactly. Next one you see. You have to find out the pH of the resultant mixture. First one. Volume is given of 0.2 molar, this CaOH whole twice. And this reacts with 25 ml of 0.1 molar HCl. H2SO4 plus CaOH whole twice. 0.01 molar. 0.01 molar. Third one. H2SO4 plus KoH. 0.01 molar. 10 ml. 0.1 molar. First one is acidic or basic. Check your answer. The first one, solution is basic pH value 12.63. Second one, the solution is neutral and hence pH value is 7. Third one, the solution is again basic and pH is 12.6. Is it? Do I need to solve this? Okay. Next one you see this is also important. Write down relation between pKa and pKb pKa and pKb for a conjugate acid base pair. Conjugate acid base have we discussed? I think we have discussed. Yes. Okay.  This is the acid and this is its conjugate base. Okay. So this conjugate base for this if I write down the reaction for the conjugate base X minus dissolved in water and it forms HX again plus OH minus releases OH minus that's why it is base. Right? Acid are those compounds which releases H plus iron in water, RNA acid releases OH minus iron in water RNA space. Right? So for this Kb will be Kb will be HX OH minus divided by I will not consider into this. Okay. This is equation one and this is equation two when we multiply one and two left hand side will get KA into Kb and right hand side will have X minus X minus will get cancelled. HX HX will get cancelled. So we'll get what? H plus into OH minus which is nothing but the ionic product of water KW and the value of KW at 25 degrees Celsius we know it is 10 to the power minus 14 and when you solve this log, if you take both side, it becomes pKa sorry pKa plus pKb is equals to 14. This is the relation of pKa and pKb. Right? Now from this relation we can conclude one very important point here. As I think we have already discussed that acidity for any acid of any acid is directly proportional to its K value and inversely proportional to pKa value. Why it is directly proportional? Because you see here, acidity is more means H plus concentration is more when H plus is more, K should be more and K is equals to and pKa is equals to what? Minus log of K so when K is more then K will be less. That's why acidity is directly proportional to K inversely proportional to pKa. This is the relation we have. And the same thing is true for base also. Basisity for any base is directly proportional to Kb and inversely proportional to pKb. Same logic. Okay? So now when the acid is strong stronger acid will have lower value of K and higher value of pKb. When pKb value is more say strong acid, lower value of pKa lower value of pKa means higher value of pKb higher value of pKb means what? Low is the basisity. And this acid base here it is this is for conjugate acid base pair. So note down one point here first point you must keep this in mind it is important when we discuss acidic and basic nature in organic chemistry also. So write down first point here stronger acid stronger acid will have weaker conjugate base means the conjugate base of strong acid is weak. Second point you write down second point higher the value of pKa of an acid higher the value of pKa of an acid higher the value of pKa of an acid lower its acidic strength higher the value of pKa of an acid lower the value of lower its sorry higher the value of pKa of an acid what I said just a second higher the value of pKa of an acid lower will be its acidic strength higher will be the basic strength of its conjugate base higher the value of pKa of an acid lower will be its acidic strength and higher will be the basic strength of its conjugate base we are talking about. Higher will be the strength of its conjugate base. Is it clear? Have you written this? Yes. All of you have written. Can we move on? Okay. Write down one more question. After this we will take a break and then we will see the buffer solution. Calculate the H plus ion. Calculate concentration of H plus ion in a solution containing 0.1 molar of form 0.1 molar Cn. For this the Ka value 1.8 into 10 to the power minus 4 and for this the Ka value is 3.3 into 10 to the power minus 4. You have to calculate the concentration of H plus ion. Solve this. Both are weak acid. 7.19.9. Most of you are getting 9.9. The answer is 7.13 into 10 to the power minus 3. 7.13 into 10 to the power minus 3. Can you see the screen? Not visible. Just a second. I think some network issues there. The video has been paused. Audio is clear. That's why you are replying. Okay. I will tell you how to do this. We will take a break and we will fix it up. Okay. And then we will come back after 15-20 minutes. See, actually just you listen to me. Okay. HCOH and HOCN. Both are weak acid. Okay. So as you know, X is the degree of ionization of HCOH and Y is the degree of ionization of HOCN. Okay. Both will give H plus ion. Correct? So from HCOH, if X is the degree of ionization, so we will get X mole of H plus. For HOCN, if Y is the degree of ionization, we will get Y mole of H plus from there. So total H plus concentration will be X plus Y in the solution. We have to find out X plus Y, means X and Y value we have to find out. Okay. Then you write down the Ka expression for both acid. Okay. Solve those equations for X and Y. Okay. X Y, add it on. And then you'll get the concentration of H plus. Have you done this one only? Yes or no? Just tell me. The answer is 7.13 into 10 to the power minus 3. Check your calculation. Have you done this only? Yeah. Check your calculation then. 7.13 into 10 to the power minus 3 is the answer. Assume the degree of ionization of HCOH is X. If degree of ionization is X for HCOH, then X mole of H plus will get from that. Okay. Similarly, if Y is the degree of ionization of HOCN, then we'll get Y mole of H plus from that. Okay. Total H plus concentration will be X plus Y. Okay. Just on the expression of Ka for both acid. Solve those equations for X and Y. Best way is to take the ratio of equation one and two. You'll get X by Y directly. Find X plus Y, that is the answer. No, no, not Ka by C. Yeah, it's true. It's right. But 7.1, 10 to the power minus 3 is correct. Yes. H plus concentration is common. That's why we are adding from HCOH and Y from HCOCN. To try this, okay, I'll just, I will try to fix it because I'm at my hometown, I mean, in my hometown. So I think there is some network problem. That's why the video is not going through. Audio you are getting, right? So we'll take a break of 15 minutes. I'll try to fix it up. Otherwise, we'll see what can be done. Okay. By the way, what is going on in the school? Chemistry. It's okay. 7.2, it's close to correct hydrocarbons. Have they finished isomerism? Isomerism also, they have finished. What about stereo isomerism? Optical, they have finished optical isomerism. We have the finished two lines on optical. Anyways, anyways, anyways. So we'll take a break now. It's 11.20. We'll start at 11.35. If the video is, I'll try to fix it up. Otherwise, I don't think we can continue. Okay. So next week, do you have any classes? Is it holiday? And if possible, can we take like one session, one class next week online? Compensate this because we are not, if video is not going through. Fine. So let it be. We'll wind up the class here only. I'll take two hours next week. Okay. Any day I'll tell you the timing, but it will be online because the school is closed and the center is also closed, right? Okay. So fine. We'll wind up the class here only. Okay. I will, yeah, I'm coming. I'll be there on Monday. Monday by evening. I'll be there. Okay. So the schedule I'll let you know next week, what time. Okay. So you all enjoy. Have a great time. Enjoy Christmas.


Aaron you've talked a lot about how every game is critical at this point and obviously this was the really big series But what are your biggest takeaways going to be from the way you guys bounce back and won this series? It's been a hard week. I mean bottom line as a team. It's been a hard week and Just really pleased with with the level of focus and energy that the guys have come in each and every day We lose the first game of this series it's easy to be deflated and and Nobody was and you know Garrett goes out and pitches a great game for us last night You know we do some things well and a couple homers and boom We get one and and then everyone kind of having a hand in it starting with JMO who pitched who pitched outstanding against obviously a Very good lineup, but up and down the order you saw everyone contributing All the way to the back end where I thought you know Chappy's last three hitters was really encouraging and Definitely a good win to get over a team we're chasing You know heading into the off-day We'll enjoy that but but it's it's right back to right back to work And no one we got a tough opponent and really important couple games with the Phillies And the scoring you know got started early. Thanks to Glaber homering and back to back games And beyond the results of these two home runs What are you seeing that might indicate some of the power is back or is coming back here with labor I thought he was in better better positions on some on some swings over the weekend in Houston I thought he got into some really strong hitting positions where you know and smoke some balls He didn't hit them out, you know, they were through the ground or line drives but in a position to where you know, hopefully the power will come and You know in this series he flew out to the wall the first game Homer'd obviously last night and then and then got another one tonight So I just want him to really focus on on the at-bat quality and getting into strong hitting positions And if he does that the results will follow for him Now you guys got you know plenty of long balls tonight, but you also, you know have runners in motion You had stolen bases. We saw the outdoor bun How much of that if any is a conscious decision Intentional given all the players you don't have in the lineup right now. Well, yeah, I mean it's And some of the players we do have in the lineup now that that can play that game and are capable of that So you got to be able to adapt, you know based on Personnel and things like that and the guys did a really good job tonight of of you know doing some small things That added up big for us Tom Merriam you have the next question I Think it's partly a product of just just gaining the experience of being on the mound every fifth and sixth day You know after the layoff the last couple years, but I really go back to the Philly game where you know It doesn't get out of the first inning and I think it caused him to You know add to his repertoire a little bit and get a little more versatile and we're seeing him now incorporate a Number of pitches it you know early on it was just a lot of foreseem at the top and curveball off of that We're seeing a mix in to seem now We're seeing a mix in change up and slider to still go along with the foreseem that he's featuring in the curveball So he's just a lot less predictable and a lot more versatile on the mound And and he's pounding the strike zone and I think he's just into the rhythm of the season and I'm really excited about where he's at Dan Martin, please unmute Did you get an explanation of what the Vasquez was talking about behind the plate? Yeah, they said a red light they saw somewhere in the batter's eye and Gary said something about it It happened to him when he was catching As well, so I don't know Other than I didn't even know where it came from or but they said there was a red light that flashed up there And and I have not got the full explanation though, so I have no idea and That's a Chapman Where we're seeing right now in terms of your your trust in him You know you were talking about trying to get him into the right spot So that was tonight. He was good. He was if we had a safe situation tonight. He was closing the game So that's where I'm at with it and I thought after the first hitter You know, that's the best version of Chappie. We've seen in a while those last three hitters It was on time in his delivery. It was driving his fastball through the zone. It was a wipeout split He got for the one strike out So it was it was good to see him really Get into his delivery and really execute the way he's he's obviously capable of Go next to Brian. Hope I know you said it's been a hard week But do you feel like this is provided a spark in some ways to get, you know, some of the rail riders up here and basically have some fresh talent there's no doubt that they've come in and and and brought an energy and excitement and you know, obviously an enthusiasm of For for a handful of them first time being in the big leagues for a lot of guys getting back to the big leagues So there's no doubt that that's brought a little bit of energy And and but more importantly, they've gone out and played well and contributed to you know You know his his tough as it's been. It's it's another winning series And that's a three in a row now against some really good opponents. So we just got to keep that going And and you know keep finding ways ways to win ball games


came along and I'm certainly a great pleasure for me to have this chance to speak with you in this historic location. All of you from Southern Regional High School and Lennahawk and New Jersey. And I hope I haven't interrupted your tour too much by taking advantage of your presence here. Well during the Second World War, General George Marshall, who later became Secretary of State as the creator of the Marshall Plan, he was asked at the beginning of the war what was our secret weapon in World War II. And the General said, just the best blankety blank kids in the world. I've had a feeling for some time now that that can be said again about your generation. I've met a lot of you all around the country and been very proud of what I've seen. An important reason why some of us older types are still active, instead of being up on a certain ranch in California, is that we want to make certain that when it comes your turn to take over, you have the same kind of a country with as much opportunity and as much freedom as we had when it was our turn to take over. This is a fitting location to speak about our country's security and my recent talks with General Secretary Gorbachev. The British had already burned Washington by the time the their fleet arrived at Fort McHenry back in 1814. And they would have continued their drive, capturing and possibly destroying the metropolitan centers of our young country had they not been stopped. What saved the day was the skill and bravery of those who fought here. Some undoubtedly were no older than you are. The defenders of Fort McHenry withstood a tremendous naval bombardment, stopped the enemy cold. They were heroes. But in retrospect credit must also be given to those far-sighted individuals who made certain the fort was ready for action and who equipped the fort's defenders with reliable weapons. And it shouldn't be forgotten that this fort was built in 1799 during a time of peace. I understand you're here today as part of your study in American history. And I tell you I'm delighted that that is so because there has been a period not too long ago when history sort of fell out of fashion in many of our schools and people like yourselves were allowed to grow up without too much knowledge of the past. Fort McHenry as I say was built as a means of defending our country against the deadliest weapon of that time, which was the warship with its cannons. And no one could imagine then what accomplishments were to follow for peace and regrettably for war. And again today we can't imagine what the future holds. We hope and pray that there will always be peace. But like those who built this fort in the time of peace, so too we must be prepared to defend against those who would attempt to deny our freedom. We must be prepared.  Nuclear tipped missiles, intercontinental ballistic missiles. Somebody pushes a button and a half hour later our world is blowing up. The having such a defensive system wouldn't threaten anyone. It would protect our country and this is what our research program, our modern day Fort McHenry, called the Strategic Defense Initiative. You've heard those letters SDI over and over again. Well that's what it's all about. We're engaging some of our country's best minds to find out if it isn't possible to build a system that would provide a shield to protect all of us from a missile attack as this fort shielded Baltimore from cannon attack. And by the time your high school students are finished with your education, new technology may be available. It will make this a far safer world than the one that we're living in today. One in which the danger of nuclear war will not cast a shadow over your lives as it has over ours. I met with General Secretary Gorbachev over the weekend as I'm sure you know, in Iceland. We spoke about human rights, certain conflicts in the world in a more open relationship between our two countries. We proposed the most sweeping and generous arms control proposal in history. We offered the complete elimination of all nuclear ballistic missiles, Soviet and American, from the face of the Earth by 1996. While we parted company with this American offer still on the table, we're closer than ever before to agreements that could lead to a safer world without nuclear weapons. I'm always aware that as president, I'm not just making decisions for today's Americans, but tomorrow's Americans as well. I was not about to bargain away a safer world for you tomorrow. It's my sincere hope that Mr. Gorbachev will review the great strides we made in Iceland and join with us in reducing nuclear weapons and in building technology that protects lives rather than destroying them. That's the only protection we have today. The policy is called the mad policy and really because the words are mutual assured destruction. But it really is a mad policy, a treaty called the ABM. And in reality, what it says is neither side will protect our people from a possible nuclear attack, and therefore we'll be so scared of shooting at each other that we won't do it. Well, I don't place an awful lot of confidence in that. And I think if we can come up with a weapon that says to them, if you push that button, your weapons can't get here. And I offered to share that weapon with them so they could say the same thing about ours. But we'll keep on working at that. SDI is our policy on insurance policy to protect against a madman in the world or an attack by the Soviet Union. So let's forward look forward and seek agreements and not look back and place blame. I repeat my offer to Mr. Gorbachev. Our proposals are serious. They remain on the table and our negotiators are there in Geneva looking at them. So we're ready to pick up where we left off. There's a unique opportunity to achieve real arms reduction and it shouldn't be missed. Technology and freedom are opening new possibilities every day. Clearly, I think the future is on our side. But right now, I know I have to go and I'm taking up too much of your time. But I just like to mention something else to you as history students. You know, I've read a lot of constitutions. I guess every country in the world's got a constitution. The Soviet Union's constitution I have read. And if you look at it, you'll see many things in there that are in ours. The right freedom to speak and freedom to assemble and so forth. Of course, if anybody in Russia tries to do that, they get arrested. But it's in their constitution. Now, what is the difference? Why is ours a document so great that one of the greatest of English statesmen many, many years ago said that this probably represented the greatest single achievement of mankind. The creation of our of our constitution. Why was it that Daniel Webster said, protect the constitution, preserve it. Because if the American Constitution is ever allowed to fall, there will be chaos, anarchy throughout the world. Well, there's a difference that is so little, tiny, that you hardly notice it. And yet it is so great, it tells the whole story. All those other constitutions are written by governments that in their constitution say to their people, here are the privileges and here are the rights which we guarantee to you. Our constitution says here are the rights and the privileges that we the people grant to government. And government can have no other rights or privileges that are not mentioned unless they are mentioned specifically in this constitution. When our revolution took place a few years before this fort was built. Other revolutions have taken place in the world time immemorial and up to today. All those other revolutions simply exchanged one set of rules for another set of rulers. Ours was the first philosophical revolution. Our said governments are not the masters of the people. They are the servants of the people. And government can do nothing unless the people tell government specifically that government can do that. And I don't know whether you'd thought about that, but the very near future we're going to be rec recognizing and celebrating in this country the 200th birthday of the United States Constitution. And I just couldn't resist in case you hadn't gotten to it in history. Making sure that you knew about it. Well, listen, it's good to see all of you here. And I know I've got a incidentally in addition to that history and everything else. You keep up with your studies. But also those of you who are 18 and those of you who are approaching 18. Remember that this government of buying for the people won't work unless the people perform their duty, which is to vote. Every time there's an election. And try to make up your minds as to what the issues are, what you're feeling is about them. Don't just get bothered by labels and think you've got to vote one way because you belong to a certain party or something. Vote on the basis of what you what you think and what you feel. There was a man a great humorous named Will Rogers. Some years ago, he's dead now, but Will Rogers said that the people that we elect to office public office are no better and no worse than the rest of us. But they're all better than those who don't vote at all. So keep in mind that that's the privilege you've got. Use that privilege. God bless you all. Thank you very much. Have fun looking at the fort. I've got to go over and get somebody elected to office now. Thank you all. You think you're winning the propaganda war with Gorbachev after Iceland? Well, he's trying propaganda. I'm just trying to prove. When do you think you'll have an agreement, Mr. President? Do you think that you'll actually go back to the table again with him? I have to believe we will. Yes. When? Ask him. Mr. President, a Republican candidate is going to be held by how you did in Iceland. Republican candidate. Republican candidate is going to be held by how you did in Iceland. Oh, I thought you said held. I don't know. I'm going to find out between now and November 4th. Are you going to rise up and drop it personally when conducting the foreign policy and without further ado? Christians. One Christian stood up and said something. An alliance stopped their advance, laid down, never made a move. And he simply said, I just told them that there would be speeches after the meal. In their own, that means a landing center of the future land has saved that stand and inflated mine center. For a nation of sense and well, we control the body for the over the year. And it can be a return to work situation. So I'm not sure it's business. Ever increasing that and struggling. Counted on to support the appointment of tough law and order judges, greatest responsibilities of any elected official is to see to the security needs of the United States. Back in the 90s, Linda's opponent at her views carried the day during these last five and a half years, we would have no be one by no nemesis, no nuclear and chop up America's strategic defense initiative, which is exactly what Mr. Gorbachev is hoping that Congress will do. Let me state in play, it would be a terrible tragedy for this country and for great strides in these last five and a half years, the United States has again resumed his leadership role. The Western Alliance is again united, united, rather than ignored. Central America, for example, Linda and how many people, the liberal men are saying we should just turn back time and business, trying to get any other today. Freedom. I know there's been a lot of talk lately that Linda didn't always believe these things. Well, I used to be an active member of that other party too. It reminds me of a story of a little boy who was selling puppies just outside of Democratic for selling Republican puppies. And he called him and he said, Hey, two weeks ago, those were Democrat puppies. What do you mean? Now the Republican puppies. Kids says now they got their eyes on them. This place, the issue is employed, which is the highest percentage in the history of our country. So, welcome aboard. Thank you. Am I regretting it? And yet, the Republican people are taking the bread and I was speaking at their foundations and so forth. And what do you mean speaking to one such gathering? I'm a woman out on the middle.


Hey everybody, welcome back to Magic By Thoughts and my name is David and this is a Magic Review. Hey, today we're going to look at Indigo from OmniVed and Beautiful Mind. What is Indigo? Basically it's a mentalism effect. It's a four spectator card reveal effect. So you have four spectators and they are allowed to pick four different cards and they can actually change their minds, switch their cards back and forth amongst themselves before you make your revelation. You want to see the promo? This is it. So that was OmniVed and Beautiful Mind and just a couple of questions we always ask about all of our Magic Reviews. The first of which is what is in the box? What's in the box? What's in the box? Not much.  So this little cardboard box that I'm holding in my hand, this is the only thing you're getting.  So you're not getting a video and you're not getting a completed Gash. For $30 you have to build your own Gash and muddle your way through the download video. Is it what I thought? No, it is not what I thought. There's not what I thought for a lot of reasons. First of which is they make the trailer out to be like this really cool thing and then when you get the product it's this little tiny box and you're kind of wondering okay what what do I have to do and then when you see that you have to assemble your own gimmick and muddle your way through the download video to figure out how to use the gimmick you just become so overwhelmed with the work that they're expecting you to do that you kind of just give up halfway through and you think I don't even have the patience I don't even have the time to do this. I mean the trailer is neat it's fun to watch the live performance but then after that you're kind of left with you're kind of left with a school project that you have to complete and it feels like a bit much. Hey how are the angles on this? The angles are fine. I really wasn't worried about the angles so much. The gimmick talks though it might talk more depending on how you make it because remember you have to build the gimmick yourself. There's some movement action to it and the movement action actually can speak a little bit and not that just that but there's just an angle issue that you have when you're lifting the gimmick and moving it around you have to be sensitive to people behind you or just just your angles in general so you have some angle issues you have some talking issues so that's just kind of like what I would say about any angles. Can the gimmick be inspected? No it is a working moving gimmick and so you can't hand it out. They definitely teach you a switch on the video and so you could switch it and you could bring in a gaff that they could feel and hold for certain but while the gimmick is in play you have to make sure that nobody grabs it. Alright so what's the overall quality and production value? Here this is where it really is lacking. Let me just say that the video itself is two hours long and two hours long. One hour is gimmick assembly. So if it takes one hour for them to assemble the gimmick on the video it's probably going to take you longer because you're gonna have to pause, grab materials, glue, wait for things to dry, etc. The performance video is also an hour so and the effect isn't that long right? The effect isn't really that long. I could probably explain to you what you would have to do to do this trick in 10 minutes. They took an hour and in the granted they're trying to cover every base and I give them credit for that but when you don't have a DVD menu where you can easily navigate between setup, presentation, tips and advice, handling and you have to muddle through an hour long video it makes it extremely difficult to watch, navigate and learn. In addition to that there is also a language barrier. They are speaking in English but it is very hard to understand, very difficult to muddle your way through the video both with trying to listen audibly as a learner and visually as a learner. Yeah I felt the video extremely difficult to navigate, didn't want to complete it, didn't want to watch it, it was boring me and it was just frustrating me so not well taught, not good quality or production value at all. Is it well made? Like I said you make it and I take issue here. I really do and we'll get into that when I talk about is it worth your money? When you pay $30 for a magic trick you expect to receive something right but when you have to not only download the two hour video yourself and you have to assemble the gimmick yourself you're really almost getting nothing you know you're you're getting the parts to put it together sure I mean that's nice and you're getting the video but give me one or the other for my money give me an assembled gimmick or give me a DVD that I can navigate give me something help me out a little bit as the consumer and I just don't feel like they did that for you. How much practice does it require? Not much I think anybody who's already familiar with card tricks especially already familiar with forcing you're gonna have to be able to force four cards okay so it's not a free selection you're gonna have to be able to force four cards but I think anybody who's already kind of familiar with working a table is gonna be able to pick up and to go pretty quickly. All right so what are the positives? Positives to this the positives for this are is that this trick allows you to make a pre-prediction with no switches okay and after the cards are on the table the spectators can swap cards and you are still able to determine which person has which card that in itself is a really cool effect that's a cool gimmick okay that was a cool trick unfortunately it just takes you a long time to get there with the product that they give you negatives aside from all the negatives that I've been saying this entire video essentially you still have to know how to force four cards right and so any card magician that already knows how to force four cards could easily do a four card prediction the only thing they wouldn't know how to do is allow the spectators to switch the cards at the end so that's really the part that indigo does for you it allows the spectators to swap their cards and you still can name each person so you give them names you say this person the spectator a and they're going to have the four of clubs the spectator b is going to have the six of diamonds okay so you're saying so that part that's the cool part but like I said any magician who's worth their salt who knows their way around like a card they know how to force four cards to four people so the negatives are there's really only one kicker and to pay 30 dollars for that kicker and you have to assemble the gimmick yourself just seems like a lot isn't worth your money no that's all I have to say about that all right so who would like this mentalists people who are into mentalism and people who do table hopping I think this trick works itself best right when you have three spectators and going table hopping uh you're going to find those tables that have three people sitting out there so I think people that do table hopping venue events places where you're hired out I think would uh like indigo sorry uh so that's my review for indigo from omnivet and beautiful mind and if you'd like to purchase your own even after I gave this really terrible review uh you can find it one of your favorite murphy's magic suppliers thanks bye


The Kraft Foods Company, makers of Kraft quality foods, presents Harold Perry as the great Gildersleeve. Again this week, Bertie and I want to tell you about Gildie's Blade, the wonderful night's spatula now being offered as the premium bargain of the year by Parkay Margeron. You'll hear from Bertie in our next announcement, so have paper and pencil ready for big news from P-A-R-K-A-Y, Parkay Margeron made by Kraft. In summer field, after a hard day at the water department, there's nothing the great Gildersleeve enjoys more than relaxing in a barber chair. Give me a nice close shave, Floyd. Okay, Commiss. You knocked off a little early today, didn't you? Early? You're getting rid of your five o'clock shadow at 4.30. Well, I simply have things well organized at the office, Floyd. When I stop work, the water doesn't stop running. That's sufficiency. Ah, yes it is. You getting prettied up for the Jolly Boys tonight, Commiss? Not exactly, Floyd. In fact, I may be a little late for the meeting. Huh? Why? I promised Miss Milford I'd drive her home from the hospital. She gets off work at 8 o'clock. Well, eat a quack, huh? Well, let's see. It's 10 minutes from the hospital to your little nurse's house. Then you have to walk her up on the porch and say goodnight. Yeah. We'll expect you about 11.30. It doesn't take me that long to say goodnight. I guess not. You did say you was efficient, though, didn't you? All right, Floyd. And take your time, Commiss. The judge is going to be late, too. Oh, what's keeping Horace? He's having his house exterminated. Exterminated? Yeah, it seems he's got ants in his kitchen. The judge has ants?  Oh, poor old Horace. Last year was aphids in his rose trellis, and now it's silverfish in his closet. Yeah, he's getting rid of all them things.  Fumigating, eh? Yeah, yeah. The judge is thinking of taking a room in a hotel over the weekend. Wonder why the old goat doesn't stay home and gets sealed in. I've seen moths fly out of his pockets.  Yes, Floyd. I kind of feel sorry for the old judge having to pack off to a hotel like that. I wish me and Lovey had a room for him. Oh, why don't you take him in, Commiss? He's a fellow Jolly Boy, you know. Floyd, I don't have room for him either. Got more room than anybody else? I've got more family than anybody else, too. Besides, you know how finicky the judge is. Only be for two short days. Floyd, with a judge in your house, there's no such thing as a short day. Can I order another cup of coffee for you, Cuffin? No, thank you. Nice of you to buy my dinner trough, Morton. Glad to do it. I hope you don't mind the hospital coffee shop. Not at all. I wanted what they fed people in hospitals when they weren't in bed. I usually eat earlier, but I became very interested in one of my patients. A lady patient, I suppose. No, a man. Uh, Catherine? Yes. Any of those patients ask you for a date? Oh, no. That's against hospital rules. Love those hospital rules. Of course, sometimes they call up after they leave. What a sneaky thing to do. And I hope this man does. You do? He can hardly wait to get out of the hospital. I'll bet. I'll throt, Morton. He's anxious to get home because he and his wife have just adopted a little orphan. Well, fine, fella. Sorry he's been sick. You know, that's one thing I like about my work. A nurse sees so many people doing wonderful things for others. Oh, yes. This man can't really afford it, but he's giving this little child a home. Well, good for him. I admire him so much. He's so generous and warm-hearted. Well, nobody ever accused me of having a cold heart. What? Come to think of it, I have a pretty warm one. Oh, I know you have. You bet. In fact, I've decided to help somebody out, too. Who's Rock, Morton? Well, poor old judge Hooker is fumigating and has to get out of his house. He's going to a lonely old hotel, but by George, I'm not going to let him. I'm going to insist that he come to my house. Oh, that's thoughtful of you, Rock, Morton. It thrills me when people do nice things like that. I could kiss you. Well? But it's against hospital rules. Hate those hospital rules. Took me an hour at Catherine's front door, but I got around that hospital room. Guess I'm late. There's PB tuning up his violin. Sounds like a cat with his tail in the screen door. The judge is here, too. Hope he doesn't bring his flute to my house. I'd have to go to the hotel. Hey, here's the commiss. Now we can get going. Hi, commiss. Hi, Floyd. Evening, Gelde. Hi, Judge. Hello, PB. Hello, Mr. Gelde. Band practice tonight, fellas? Sure. Get the trombone off the piano, commiss. Give us a blast. Wait a minute. Wait a minute. Where's the chief? He's under the weather tonight, commiss. Too bad. Hope he's better soon. Yeah, I'm taking over the bass drum for tonight. Better tune up, Gelde. Before we start, Judge, I'd like to talk to you about something. We can talk later, Gelde. If I wait any longer, I'll lose my lip. Well, button it up, judge, and let's play. Here's your copy, commiss. A waltz. Well, a merry widow.  Okay, now everybody follow the music. I hope Mrs. PB won't mind if I follow the merry widow. PB. Okay, fellas, let's go. Wait a minute, Floyd. Give me a chance to warm up. Okay. You're warm. Did you break it, Mr. Gelde? Yep. All right, PB. Okay, now let's go, gang. Look, when we come to the judge's solo part, everybody lay off. No, the judge has a solo, eh? Okay, now, a one, a two. Here we go. Full orchestra. I think we're showing definite improvement. Don't you think so, PB? No, no, I wouldn't say no. Very good, PB. Let's all relax and open a coke, huh? I want to talk to the judge anyway. By the way, Judge, how's the fumigating coming along at your house? I'm inter-starting in the morning, PB. I'm checking into a hotel tonight. Judge, that's what I want to talk to you about. Well? I'm not going to have an old friend of mine staying at a hotel. You're coming to my house. Hey, I thought you meant... No, Floyd. Judge, you must come home with me. Well, thank you for the kind invitation, Gelde, but I'm looking forward to staying at the hotel. You can't do that, Judge. I'll consider it a personal insult if you don't accept my warm hearted hospitality. My, my. The commission must have an ankle. No, Floyd. How about it, Judge? But, Gelde, I've only inconvenienced you. Oh, no, not you, Horace. At the hotel, I'll have complete privacy, maid service, bellboy. Well, we've got Bertie and Leroy can be the bellboy. You've got to come, Judge. Gelde, why insist? It can't mean that much to you. Oh, yes, it does. What are you trying to do? Show me up in front of Catherine? What? Nothing, Judge. Say you'll come. Well...   Say that's right. At least when I leave Gelde's house, he won't present me with a bill. Well, now I will. All right. Gelde, I've decided to come. I can't resist such a sincere invitation. Well, I'm glad you can't, Judge. Now, where are your bags? They're in my car. So is my rowing machine. Rowing machine? Oh, I wouldn't think of going anywhere without it, Gelde. I get up every morning at six o'clock for an hour's exercise. Six o'clock, Judge? Of course. That's why I'm so robust. Robust? Rowing at six o'clock?  We'll return to the great Gelde sleeve in just a minute. You've probably all heard about Gelde's Blade, the amazing knife spatula we're offering as a phenomenal premium bargain on this program. Tonight, we want you to hear from a woman who's already using one in her own kitchen, who can tell you just what a real cook thinks of this unique kitchen implement. It's none other than your old friend, Bertie. Mr. Stewart, I think that knife spatula is just about the handiest, most practical thing I ever used in my kitchen. It certainly is. It's two fine kitchen knives and an all-purpose kitchen spatula, all in one. One edge of Gelde's Blade is a lifetime serrated edge that never needs sharpening. Wonderful for slicing fruits, vegetables, bread, cake, anything you want to slice without crushing. The other edge is a hand-honed razor-keen straight edge for all other kinds of cutting. Every woman ought to have one, Mr. Stewart, because it's such a good knife. It's more than a good knife. It has two different kinds of cutting edges, and Gelde's Blade is spatula-shaped. It mixes, turns, stirs, scrapes. So it's two fine knives and a spatula, all in one. Now, Gelde's Blade is a real $2 value. It's made by Kailan World Famous Manufacturers of Fine Cutlery. But you can get one for only 50 cents, plus the label or wrapper from any loaf of bread you buy at your grocers, and the red end flap from a package of Parquet Margarine. Tell them where to send, Mr. Stewart. Every woman is going to want one because it's wonderful in so many ways. Just send your 50 cents, the bread wrapper or label, and the Parquet Red End Flap to Craft Foods Company, Box 5939, Chicago 77, and be sure to include your own name and address. I'll repeat that address. Craft Foods Company, Box 5939, Chicago 77. Then tell them to do it now, Mr. Stewart. That's right. Hurry. Get this wonderful knife spatula. Send for Gelde's Blade tomorrow. Let's get back to the great Gelde sleeve. Tonight, he's helping out a fellow jolly boy. Rather than have Judge Hooker go to a hotel while his house is closed, the water commissioner is invited in to stay at his house for a couple of days. Are you sure I won't be overcrowding you, Gelde? Of course not, Judge. I should have thought to invite you sooner. Well, it's most considerate of you to take me in and give me a rip over my head. I don't you mention it, Horace. As Samuel Taylor Coleridge so aptly said, friendship is a sheltering tree. Oh, the joys that come down shower like a friendship. Quiet, Judge. We don't want to awaken the little family. Oh, I'll be as quiet as a mouse. Where shall I put my bag? We'll put them right here in the den. Very well. Now, let's get my rowing machine. Oh, yes, your rowing machine. Are you sure my luggage won't be in your way here, Gelde? My way? Well, Judge, I thought you'd like to sleep here in the den. More private. Huh? Don't lair at the couch, Judge. It pulls out into a nice, soft bed. Does it? Let's see. Needs oiling, I guess. What makes it so lumpy? Lumpy? Judge, it's very comfortable. It's a faithful old horse hair couch. Well, I don't want to speak ill of a faithful old horse. But I just remembered, Gelde. I'm allergic to horse hair. What? Judge, you're just saying that. I'm not, Gelde. Let's put my things back in the car. I better check into a hotel. Of course. There's somebody in every room in the house except mine. Oh. All right. I'll sleep down here. You can have my room. Grab that end of the sheet, Judge. It can help me put on the clean linen. Didn't anybody know I was coming, Gelde? Well, I didn't have time to prepare for you.  The sheet, please, Judge. Oh, yeah. It's been a long time since I've made up a bed. Well, it's not exactly in my line either. Tuck in the corners, Judge. I can't tuck in the corners. The bed's against the wall. I know it. All you gotta do is push it away from the wall. Very well. Shh. Not so loud. You'll wake up the family. Now push. I'm pushing. Catch the nightstand. The alarm clock. Yes, yes. It can't be time to get up. Very funny. Hey, what's going on here? Leroy. Lovely, Roy. Oh, it's Judge Hooker. I thought you caught a burglar. No, Leroy. The judge is staying a couple of days. Uncle Morty, you dreaming? No, Marjorie. I wish I was. Go back to bed. You too, Leroy. I'm sorry. I disturbed the household. Well, at least we didn't wake up birdie. The judge is right. This is a lumpy couch. Horse hair. What's the left of the horse in it? What was that? Oh, that big spring that snaps the back of it up. Open holes. Never did trust these folding attractions. The judge is right. This is a lumpy couch. Horse hair. What's the left of the horse in it? What was that? That big spring that snaps the back of it up. What kind of attractions? Just have to lie still. That's all. A thing like this could throw a man out of bed. Judge is a bother, but it's nice to know you're doing somebody a good turn. Makes you feel good. Glad everything's quieted down. Rival, rival, rival, rival. Must be Leroy. Yes, he can't sleep. Too bad we awakened a little fellow. Who is it, Leroy? It's I, Gilly. I just wanted to say good night to my host. Good night. What a night shirt. The old goat looks like a zebra. Everything settled at last. I'd be more comfortable on the floor. Didn't mean to frighten you. Looking for a place to shave, Bertie. Yes, sir. Judge, look, he's shaving in the bathroom. Yeah, he's been primping for an hour. Of course, it takes quite a while for the judge to make himself presentable. I think it's mighty nice of you to invite the judge over. Yeah, nice. Bertie, can I have a basin of hot water? I'll shave out here on the service porch. Morning, Leroy. Well, Leroy. What's for breakfast? Leroy, you're not ready for breakfast. You haven't even combed your hair. Yeah, I know. Well, I'm sorry you haven't had a chance to clean up. Who's squawking? Bertie, make that two pans of hot water. Oh, for corn's sake. It'll take a little while to heat it. The judge uses a powerful lot of hot water, and I was going to wash clothes this morning. Oh. But it's nice to have the judge around. Good morning, everybody. Good morning, buddy. Bertie's got another wash pan for lunch. Never mind. Everything's clear upstairs now. It's about time. The judge will be down in a minute. Now, here's what he wants for breakfast, Bertie. He wrote it out? He's on a health diet. Oh, my goodness. Well, I'll be glad to fix whatever the judge wants. Carrot juice?  He's certainly got his crust. Cocoa made with skim milk. And what's this he's got on here about an egg, Mr. Gisley? Oh, he wants it coddled, Bertie. Well, Bertie better get busy. I can see she's got a lot of codling to do. Now, Bertie, like you say, it's nice to have the judge around. Yes. Commissioner, you've had a long day at the water department. I guess the judge is home already. There's this little cape hanging on the hall tree. Even, Mr. Gisley? Oh, Bertie, what are we having for dinner? I'm glad you asked me that. We haven't barley broth. Broth? Green salad with no dressing, boiled rice, and eggplant instead of meat. Eggplant? That's coddled. That's what the judge ordered. Well, Bertie, we should have something the little family likes. Mr. Gisley, you said accommodate the judge. That's what you said. But... And that's what he ordered. Bertie can't cook to please everybody. This ain't no hotel. Big hearted coddled egg gilder sleeve. Wonderful dinner. The eggplant was delicious. Yeah.  Judge, I thought I might drop over and see Catherine this evening. You and I have been seeing quite a lot of each other. Very well. I suppose we know each other well enough so that you can go off and leave me alone in the house. All right, judge, we'll play checkers.  He made me seasick. I'll bet he's paddled 50 miles this morning. Now he's a riverboat. But a whole breakfast, Bertie. We're waiting for the Robert E. Lee.  Marjorie, do you and Bronco mind if I have the parlor this evening? But you and Judge Hooker had it last night. I thought this was his evening to leave. Well, it is. But he may want to hang around. That's why I've cooked up a little plan. A plan? Yeah, a humdinger too. I'm having Catherine over. Oh. Yeah, when he sees I have a date, he'll surely leave. Of course, I've enjoyed having the judge, but he'll leave. All right, Anki. You and Miss Milford can have the parlor. Thank you, my dear.  Yeah, yeah, yeah. Nice of you to come over to Catherine. Oh, I understand, Throckmorton. After all, you have a guest in the house. Yeah, and I couldn't leave until he leaves. And he'd be leaving any minute. Then we'll have the parlor all to ourselves. Oh. Yep. Leroy's over at Piggies. Bertie stacked the dishes and went to a movie. She did? Nerves. Oh, here he comes now. Guess he's all packed. Good evening, Miss Milford. Hello, Judge. Judge, where are you? My bags? I mean, can I help you pack? Thank you, Gilder, but I'm not ready to go yet. Oh? Thought you might be ready. This was the night we lose you, isn't it?  Thank you. Well, what are you two doing for amusement? Well... Miss Milford, perhaps you'd like to see my stereopticon slides. Thank you, Judge, but I see quite a few slides at the hospital. Oh, but those are germs. I bet you haven't seen Old Faithful in Yellowstone Park. Old Faithful, if I didn't know a judge so well, I'd turn off his water. Let me go get the slide.  It doesn't pack yet. Well, let's go pack it. As host, I think I should help you. Gildy, I'm not ready to go yet. Oh, my goodness. Excuse me, Catherine Dorbell. I'll get it, Gildy. I'm sure it's for me. For you? You know, Trock Morton, it was awfully nice of you to take the judge in like this. I'm the guy who's been taken in. What? Catherine, sometimes a man can have more heart than common sense. I was right, Gildy. It was for me. A little something I ordered from downtown. Oh, a life preserver for your rowing machine? Matter of fact, Gildy, it's for you. What? That package?  Oh, thank you.  And in appreciation of your warm hospitality these two days. Oh, judge, you shouldn't have done it. In such a big package. What's in it? Why don't you open it and find out? It's a humidor of 50 cigars. 50 cigars? The very finest quality. Isn't that nice? Well, judge, I don't know how to thank you. Not at all, Gildy. That's why I couldn't leave. I had to wait for your present to arrive. Why, of course. This was mighty thoughtful of you, judge. What a real friend. Hope I didn't give you the impression I was trying to hurry off. And I hope that I haven't been a nuisance while here. No. Been a real pleasure, judge. Mmm, cigars smell good. Think I'll like one. Judge, come over any time. My home is your home, old friend. You're always welcome. Thank you, Gildy. As a matter of fact, since my house is closed, I've been thinking it'd be a good time to have it painted. And it'll only take another three days. I knew these cigars were loaded. We'll hear from the great Gildy Sleeve again very shortly.  Send for one of Gildy's blades. Get this $2 knife spatula for only 50 cents. The label or wrapper from a loaf of bread and the red end flap of a package of Parquet margarine. Send your half dollar, your bread label or wrapper, and your Parquet red end flap to Craft Foods Company. Box 5939, Chicago 77. Craft Foods Company. Box 5939, Chicago 77. And hurry, this offer is for a limited time only. Just a moment, Leigh Roy. Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to take a moment to thank the city fathers of the village of Upper Sandusky, Ohio for making me their honorary water commissioner. And the community of Palm Desert, California, near Palm Springs, and the Shadow Mountain Club for appointing me honorary hot water commissioner. Gosh, a hot and cold running water commissioner. Yes. Good night, folks. The great Gildy Sleeve is played by Harold Perry. This show is written by Paul West, John Elliott, and Andy White, with music by Jack Meakin. Included in the cast are Walter Kentley, Mary Lee Robb, Lillian Randolph, Kathy Lewis, Earl Ross, and Vick LeGrand. This is Jay Stewart saying good night for the Craft Foods Company, makers of the famous line of craft quality food products. Hot water commissioner. Be sure to listen in next Wednesday and every Wednesday for the further adventures of the great Gildy Sleeve. Here's a taste test that counts. Try any meat without mustard. Then add a golden dab of craft-prepared mustard to your next bite. Taste the difference. There are two kinds of craft mustard, you know. Salad mustard delicately spiced for those who like their mustard mild, or craft-prepared mustard with snappy horseradish added. Have both on hand. Or remember this, when you add a little mustard, you add a lot of tang. Get craft-prepared mustard. Next, join the excitement up break.


So that's it now, you'll dip it and see if we've got enough for the day, but if not, we'll have to de-carry a bit of that. No problem, we've got enough. It's half full now, I'm just putting a bit more in.