Hey everyone, how's it going? And welcome back to another smartphone gimbal review. Like I have done so many reviews on smartphone gimbals, but just can't. It's too much. But this one is quite different from the others, and that's why I wanted to include it in this video. So the clip you just saw was shot on the iPhone 12 Pro Max using the newly released smartphone gimbal, the Smooth Q3 by Zune Crane. Guys, when it comes to smartphone gimbals, there are just so many out there on the market. And it really can be difficult to find the right one for you. And I still continue to review gimbals to really help you guys make the right purchase decision. Remember, there is no best smartphone gimbal out there, but there's the right one for you. So for this video, I had none other than George helping me out with the behind the scenes and Polina who acted as the model of today's video. If you're wondering where I find all these models, well, go check out George's Instagram. Anyway, a huge thanks to both for helping me out. So the Smooth Q3 was sent to me by Zune, but I wasn't paid to say anything specific, so everything you're here will be my honest opinion. To give you an idea, I will first give you a quick overview of the Smooth Q3. Talk about the build and design quality, mounting and balancing the gimbal, show you how it performs and the different modes you can use, the ZY Kami app and the special features that come along. Talk about the price and my final thoughts to it. There will be a timestamp below if you want to skip or go back to a particular part of the video. With that said, guys, let's jump right in. So let's begin with a quick overview of the Zune Smooth Q3 gimbal. Starting on top, there is a fill light with a touchable light switch. You have a phone clamp, a lock screw to tighten the vertical arm when setting the gimbal up for shooting, the light indicator that will show you the current mode you're in, a joystick and a mode button. The red line is the record button. To the side, you have a zoom rocker to zoom in and out, and on the opposite side, a type C charging port. Behind there is a power button and below the trigger button. To the very bottom, you have a one quarter thread hole to mount the included tripod. So let's talk about the build and design of the Smooth Q3. It feels very lightweight. It's around 340 grams without the iPhone. The maximum payload is 280 grams, which can easily hold the iPhone 12 Pro Max. The grip feels very comfortable. It has a nice skin to better hold the gimbal. The bottom layout is made really simple, which allows you to shoot with your fingertips more easily and doesn't cause much confusion. It also has a unique folding design, which makes it compact to carry around. One of the unique features of the Smooth Q3 is the built-in LED light, which is helpful to fill in light. With the touch button, you can easily turn it on, and it produces a 4300 Kelvin warm tone light with three levels of brightness. And the great thing is that you can actually turn the light if you want to light yourself, for example, when doing a vlog. So let's now look at how to mount your phone onto this gimbal. The process is pretty simple. Loose the lock screw of the vertical arm and slide it up until you hear a click sound. Then tighten the lock screw of the vertical arm, unlock the tilt, and roll axis as shown. On the top, you have a sticker that will indicate the direction of the phone camera. Extend the phone clamp and insert your phone. When positioning the phone in landscape mode, you want to adjust the position of the phone left or right until the phone is steady and is almost leveled with the ground. It's really important to have a well-balanced gimbal to not consume more power for optimal performance. So let me quickly demonstrate what each button does. By single pressing the power button, you can check the battery level of the gimbal. Press and holding it for three seconds will power on or power off the gimbal. Double pressing it will reposition the camera. Triple pressing it will change between landscape and portrait mode. Pressing the mode button will switch modes and double pressing it will go back to the previous mode. Long press it to enter or exit standby mode. Using the zoom rocker will control the zoom in the ZY Kami app, which we'll get into later. Pressing the record button once will start recording. It not only works with the ZY Kami app, but also with the standard camera app on the iPhone and even in Filmic Pro. Triple pressing it will switch between the front and the back camera. With the joystick, I can control the movement of the gimbal. Last is the fill light. Long press it to turn it on and when pressing it again, you can adjust the brightness, which has three levels. Keep in mind that you can rotate the light into a certain direction. So let's now look at the modes. Similar to most gimbals, you can access different modes. Let me show you what these modes are on the smooth cue. PF stands for pan following and locks the tilt and roll axis motor. In this mode, you are able to pan left and right by moving the handle. This is set by default when the gimbal is turned on. L stands for locking and locks all three motors. Here the smartphone is fixed at a certain angle. F stands for following and locks the roll axis motor. In this mode, the camera pans and follows the movement of the gimbal. This is the mode I use most often for shooting mobile content. POV stands for point of view and locks all three motors to follow your gimbal movements. V stands for vortex and rotates the camera. By pushing the joystick up or down manually, the roll axis motor rotates clockwise or counterclockwise. Last is GO which stands for quick following and allows the camera to pan and tilt quickly to follow fast movements. You can also access this mode by press holding the trigger button. Now in terms of getting different angle shots, you can hold the gimbal upwards which is used most often or sideways or even upside down which allows for a lower shot and rotates the phone to avoid having the motors blocking the camera. In this section, I will introduce you to the ZY Kami app. Using an integrated app will allow you to access more features that you can use creatively in your videos. Make sure to enable Bluetooth and then head over to the ZY Kami app. As you can see, it will automatically search and connect it to the gimbal. To get back to the home menu, just select the upper left house icon. On top, you have three icons. The first one showing the battery life of the phone, the second one showing the battery life of the gimbal, and the third one shows the current mode you're in. If I select a different mode, it will change the icon. Next, we have manual and auto function. When selecting this, I can either select auto, which will take over my camera and do the adjustments for me, or if I want more control over my camera, I can select manual, which will give me access to ISO, shutter, and the exposure value. But I'm going to leave it in auto for the moment. Next, we have frame rate and resolution. So you can select up to 4k 60 frames per second. And that's what I usually like shooting with 4k just has more detail and 60 frames per second allows me to slow down the footage. And if you want a more cinematic look played in normal speed, you can select either 24 or 25 frames per second. And there's also a glamour effect that we're going to look at next. But that won't work in 4k 60 frames per second. So we're going to select 1080p 25 frames per second for now to access the glamour effect. So I'm going to select that. And I don't use this, but it's fun to have it. As you can see, oh my God, I'm so young. So next, you have even more settings by selecting the three dots. First, in the shoot section, you can select grid lines. You can leave that enabled and you can also select grid and diagonals depending on what you're shooting. But I leave it at grid lines. In the white balance section, I can select different presets. So if it's sunny outside, you can select sunny or if it's cloudy like today, I'll go for the cloudy option. And you can even set your own custom white balance if you want to. But for now, I'm going to leave it in auto and head back. Next, we have guest shirt control. And what this does is when you enable guest shirt control, you can just make a hand sign and it will start either taking a photo or a video. And you can allow the gimbal to follow you. Or if you don't want that, you can select the shoot only. And when doing your guest shirts, it will take a picture or take a video, but not track your head. But we're going to look at guest shirt control in just a second. So let's head back. Next, we have gimbal. So depending on what scene you're shooting, you can select walk or run and the gimbal will adjust its motors. You can also select different modes. I usually don't use this. I rather use the controls down here. You can also select the speed of the joystick and the zoom speed, but I leave everything how it is in the general tab. You just have more information. Let me now show you what guest shirt control is. So to the right, you have this hand icon over there and it's currently turned off. And by pressing it, you will enable guest shirt control. So when doing a peace sign, it will start record a video, but it won't track me. So if I want the gimbal to track me, I can head over to the three dots and select guest shirt control. And these are the two signs. You can do a peace sign or a hand sign. And I'm going to select follow shoot. So when I do it now, it will start tracking my face. And it does a really good job tracking the subject. And this can be especially useful when doing vlogs, for example. So you can also track objects by drawing a box on the screen and I'm going to track this lamp right there. And it does a pretty good job. What you also can do is select the trigger button below and it will automatically detect my face. And to disable it, just hit the trigger button once more. And it's really useful learning all of these shortcuts. This way you'll be way faster when shooting a video and won't lose time. So similar to the standard app on the iPhone, I can set my exposure and focus by tapping on the screen. And I can also lock it by tap holding on it. And now the focus and exposure is locked. And above the record button, you can switch between the front and selfie camera. But like I said, I prefer using the buttons right here. And to the bottom right, you can access your media. So let's now look at the special features that the ZY Kami offers. So tapping on the top right corner will access the templates. You can choose between different templates that will film and edit the video together for you. Let's select the like, for example.  So if I play it, I can see that it's going to pan to the right. So if I select the record button, it's going to do exactly that. And I don't have to do anything. It's going to do everything for me. Now I can hit the next button and it will show the next video. So it's going to tilt down. So when starting the record button and it's going to do exactly that. To the very right, you can select other modes. So we have live, which allows you to live stream on different platforms. You have photo, video, you have panorama that allows you to take a wider picture. You have slow motion, dolly zoom. Again, I like how everything is explained step by step. Then you have time lapse and hyperlapse, which is especially great when using a gimbal. Now if you want to switch between cameras, you can easily do that by selecting the times one and dragging it left or right depending on the angle you're going for. So last but not least, I will show you the editor. So head to the home menu and then select the plus button going to switch it to landscape mode. And here you can edit your final video. And it's great to have everything in one place. This way you don't have to, you know, search for another editing app. And you can select either templates that you can use for your social media or do a quick edit, whatever suits your editing needs. All right, so here are my final thoughts on using the Smooth Q3. For the price of $89, you really get a simple and well designed gimbal that creates smooth looking footage. And that for me is important enough when considering purchasing a smartphone gimbal. Now I also use this gimbal to shoot vertical videos for a quick social media post. And I was really satisfied with the shots I got. If you haven't checked out the video yet, make sure to head over to my Instagram channel at Bennett Grazer. Overall, I had no issues using the gimbal with the iPhone 12 Pro Max. Operating the gimbal felt really great. It followed my hand movement naturally, not causing any robotic movements. I personally don't use most of the apps that come with the gimbal. But what I noticed is that the ZY Kami app compared to other apps has a more understandable and easier to follow interface. The touchlight they added is a really nice little feature that can be quite useful when shooting in bad lit areas. I haven't seen this on other gimbals, so this makes it quite unique. Now, of course, with every gimbal, there are also downsides to it. Unfortunately, you're not able to add counterweights to balance the gimbal out when using an attachable lens. Also, you can't charge your smartphone and use the gimbal as a power bank, which is kind of a bummer because shooting videos can drain the battery very quickly. It would also have been nice to be able to change the color temperature on the touchlight for more control. Otherwise, I would say this is a great gimbal to use and it will certainly fulfill its needs for creating stable looking videos. And if you're someone that works with integrated apps, then the ZY Kami is certainly something you would want to check out. Alright guys, if you enjoyed this video, please leave a like and if you're new on this channel, make sure to subscribe so that I can keep creating awesome tutorials for you guys. By the way, if you need more help with making videos with your smartphone, the smartphone filmmaking community which I created on Facebook is a great way to ask questions and share your work with others. Well, that is it for today. Thank you so much for watching. Say creative and I will see you in the next video. Oh, my package just arrived. See you guys.


This came out of the mission on the video of Sam Irwin, by the woman at the desk, that no one else was there, but she did take our information and our documents in a very friendly way, told us that she would pass the mod to the ambassador, and that we could come back this week, unannounced and speak with the secretary there. So we had a good visit.


Hi, I'm Captain Landon Grover, I'm stationed at Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma and assigned to the third flying training squadron, flying the Mighty T-1 Jayhawk. My wife and I are both ski-17 pilots by trade and at our previous assignment we knew that if we wanted to stay together we'd probably have to come to a UPT assignment if we wanted to accommodate our joint spouse. To be honest I was a little apprehensive knowing that I'd be leaving a platform I was comfortable flying and transitioning to something that I only really remembered from my student UPT training days. While those nerves were quickly unfounded when I showed up at Vance Air Force Base I was met with tradition, camaraderie and a highly competitive team that made it an environment I knew I would thrive in. Since being advanced I've had opportunities ranging from being a flight line IP to a flying flight commander to even rewriting the T-1 syllabus and how we do pilot training to becoming a squadron evaluator. One of my favorite parts about being at Vance Air Force Base is not only that we get to train students each and every day, see new instructors, new fapes and new MWSIPs and I get to see them grow as people, instructors and even human beings. Knowing what I know now my wife and I genuinely can't think of a better place to spend our second or third assignment in our flying training career. While we thoroughly enjoyed the last three years we're very excited to give back to the MAF and AMC community.


What's going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here This video is mostly gonna be me talking about Beetlejuice Beetlejuice Beetlejuice, but before I get into that Really quick. I just want to talk about Christopher Nolan's comments about him wanting to do a horror film He apparently this is written up by Variety where he had a conversation at a London British Film Institute on Thursday When asked about Oppenheimer or addressing Oppenheimer and the horror elements that are in it He said Oppenheimer has elements of horror in it definitely as I think is appropriate to the subject matter I think horror films are very interesting because they depend on very cinematic devices It really is about a visceral response to things and so at some point I'd love to make a horror film, but I think a really good horror film requires a really exceptional idea And those are few and far between so I haven't found a story that lends itself to that My two cents on this is that I would love For Christopher Nolan to be a part of the horror genre with a classic Maybe he could be responsible for Dog soldiers to just throwing that out there I would love to see his take on dog soldiers or some type of American remake of dog soldiers but granted I would prefer a sequel and Obviously, I would love to see him tackle movies like maybe Jeepers Creepers But again, that's just wishful thinking and that's an IP that's dead in the water And we're likely just gonna continue to get trash up the trash up the trash with that IP He goes on to say but I think it's a very interesting genre from a cinematic point of view It's also one of the few John was where the studios make a lot of these films And there are films that have a lot of bleak bleakness a lot of abstraction They have a lot of the qualities that Hollywood is generally very resistant to putting in films But that's a genre where it's allowable So I think he has a pretty good understanding of the significance of horror And I hope one day he does get to put his name attached to a horror classic from him Because he's done a lot of films that I love a lot of classic things, especially the Batman trilogy that I grew up with But let me know what you guys think about that. Let's shift gears into Beetlejuice 2 Okay, so we've got a lot of things related to Beetlejuice 2 and important things that have come out Over the past week or so that I want to just do a video dedicated to because a few of you have been sending me requests Do a video on Beetlejuice 2 share more rumors. So I'm gonna do that in this video So as you see here, we got our official poster with the official title Beetlejuice Beetlejuice. Yes I think the title is stupid to Beetlejuice 2 is my preferred title But I get what they're going for because then business wise and just for the sake of them being humorous, I guess if you get a third film You then get to Title the third movie Beetlejuice Beetlejuice Beetlejuice and we all know if you're someone familiar with the lore of Beetlejuice You need to say his name three times for him to appear So that could be what they're trying to go for but still I think the name Beetlejuice Beetlejuice is stupid for a sequel title Nevertheless, like I mentioned, I've had some of you send tweets my way Wanted me wanting me to go over Beetlejuice 2 and since I haven't uploaded in two days I figured I just make a video to address some updates that I have about Beetlejuice 2 now for the sake of this video I'm just going to say this stuff is rumored and alleged and yet to be confirmed by the studio or any actors Several rumored bits that I've stated in the past have been confirmed by Willem Dafoe himself Before I get into the rumored bits We had a recent plot description. I was revealed Stating that after an unexpected family tragedy Three generations of the Deets family returned to the small Vermont town of Winter River I think that's actually in Connecticut though am I mistaken? I don't think it's in Vermont And it says paranormal empath Lydia Deets begins to see the lecherous demon Beetlejuice who haunted her as a teenager His plans to finally marry Lydia are given extra urgency when his dead wife comes to life It begins to stalk the afterlife hunted for him Meanwhile, Lydia's teenage daughter embarks on a romance with a local teen now that description Confirmed my previous reporting if you recall how I put out that Delores Beetlejuice's wife would be the villain in this story Then Catherine O'Hara recently told this to people calm talking about a scene She gets to share with Beetlejuice this time around she said I had a little two-person moment with Michael as Beetlejuice I've been in the first movie in group scenes with Michael But in this I had an actual moment where the two of us just and it was just so crazy and thrilling Really should just be face-to-face with Beetlejuice Now I will say This moment she's talking about is related to a search and rescue as far as I know that's all I will say about it It's related to some sort of search and rescue involving those two characters a rumored search and rescue for Beetlejuice and Delia Delia has also done very well for herself since the last time we saw her lots of progress in her art career If you follow me over on Twitter, you already know what I'm talking about Here are some other rumored major events you can expect in Beetlejuice Beetlejuice So for one, there's a plane crash that leads to heartbreak for many There's a shark attack that also ties into said plane crash Something sad happens to a returning star, but I'm not going to say who or what of course I'll just let you guys speculate as you please Lydia's daughter played by general ortega spends the most time with the film's other villain So one thing that I hadn't been seeing floating around on Twitter is who was the second villain I kind of have given that away for those of you who want to connect the dots That should be enough for you to connect the dots as to who the second villain of Beetlejuice Beetlejuice is Because general ortega's character will spend the most time with this person in the film before the Search and rescue has to go on for this character. Now you guys can let me know Are you looking forward to Beetlejuice Beetlejuice? Why are we not down in the conversation below? I've also heard That this film is better than Hocus Pocus 2 But not as good as Top Gun Maverick if that makes you hopeful for the film's quality That's what I've had described to me So it sounds like the movie is fine and as I've talked about on my channel in the past I am pleased with the story they've cooked up. There are elements of it that I want them to remove I don't think they're gonna remove them. I just think that certain elements in this story are a little bit Unnecessary over the top, but the nature of Beetlejuice itself is kind of over the top But for the context, I think you would have to know what I know and I'm not trying to overly spoil certain things about this movie But let me know what you guys think about these rumored plot details. Who do you think is involved in the plane crash? Who do you think is involved in the shark attack?  I'm not gonna say what it is, but you are correct If you know what I'm talking about then you just need to know that you are correct I will say that my biggest hope for Beetlejuice Beetlejuice is that it can just be a legacy sequel that Doesn't really tarnish the legacy of the original which I don't think this one will do And it's not like it's the most incredible story either I've talked about this story in the past very vaguely and I'm gonna just do that a little bit more now The story that they have cooked up I think takes the character of Lydia in a believable direction takes the character of Delia in a believable direction Jenna Ortega and her character the stuff they're doing with Charles all this stuff is believable. It's Understandable it feels in line with where we could see these characters all these years later The way Beetlejuice is handled and the fact that he's still trying to get married To Delia or Lydia I should say because of Delores returning all that stuff feels kind of believable and Natural considering where we last saw them in that original film There's also a lot not a lot But some other familiar faces from the original that will make an appearance if you follow me on Twitter again You probably already know who I'm talking about characters like Barb and think the other guy's name was Adam they are not in the movie but The movie does address why they are not present those of you who are on Twitter You already know the explanation but for those of you who are not on Twitter I again, I'm just not trying to overly spoil this movie for you I think what they have done with Beetlejuice Beetlejuice will be pleasing to most people who grew up with the original It's not going to be better than the original I would say this sounds like it's just an adequate sequel and it sounds like it'll be one of the better films that we get in 2024 after all the stinkers that I have the unfortunate pleasure of watching but that might change on Tuesday when I check out Dune part two. Let me know what you guys think about all of this down in the comment section below If you haven't already of course make sure you go ahead and subscribe turn on post notifications That you never miss a video in the description I'll have links to all of my social media accounts I am on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram you can message me there Of course, let me know if there any movies news or reviews you want me to cover in the future And with all that in mind guys, I will see you in the next video


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar A.S. Academy. The list of topics chosen for today's discussion along with the page numbers is given here for your reference. Today we are going to discuss a wide range of topics including geography, economy, environment, as well as quality. Before starting today's news analysis, let us take up this multiple choice question. This question is based on different types of majorities discussed in constitution. See, on 2nd June we discussed about Speaker, Chairman of Raj Sabha, the removal, etc. And few people Dinesh Kumar, Anjali Swaini, Rohan Yem have asked us to clarify majority required to remove the speaker. So in this session, we are going to discuss all the majorities present in the constitution. See the question, consider the following pairs. So on the left side, four conditions are given. On the right side, we should see whether they are perfectly matched or not. See the first one, passage of an ordinary bill. We all know that simple majority is required for passing an ordinary bill. That is majority of the members present and voting. See, we know that there are 545 members in House of Lok Sabha. Assume that on a particular day, only 350 people came to Lok Sabha and 50 people abstained to vote. So only 300 people are present and voting. So in this case, we need half plus one that is 151 members or 151 votes for the passage of an ordinary bill. So the first one is correctly matched. Coming to second one, that is the removal of Lok Sabha speaker. See we have discussed in depth about the removal of speaker on our second Joan video. See we know that to remove Lok Sabha speaker, the majority required is effective majority. That is majority of all the then members of the House. See for example, in Lok Sabha out of total strength of 545 members, assume that there are 45 vacancies. So the effective strength is 545 minus 45 that is 500. So effective majority is 50% that is 250 plus 1. So it will be 251 votes to remove Lok Sabha speaker. We need 251 votes in this case. So second one is also correctly matched. Coming to third one, the impeachment of president. Guys be careful here. The majority required for the impeachment or removal of president is the highest majority required according to constitution. It is a majority of two-thirds of total membership of the House. So in case of Lok Sabha, it is two-thirds of 545 which comes around 364. So third one is also correctly matched. Coming to fourth one, it is constitutional amendment under article 368. See if you want to amend constitution under article 368, the majority of total membership of that House, a majority of not less than two-thirds of members of that House present and voting. See it means out of 545 members in Lok Sabha, to make a constitutional amendment, we need a minimum of 273 votes plus two-thirds of members present on that day. So fourth one is also correctly matched. And know that there is one more condition under article 368 where ratification of half of the states is required. This additional majority that is half of the ratification is required. If amendment seeks to make any change in say article 54, 55, 73 which talks about president, etc. Or to make any changes in seventh schedule or to make changes in representation of states in parliament that is Rajasabha, etc. We need ratification of half of the states also. See all the important majorities present in the constitution we have discussed now. Hope this will clarify your doubts. And remember that the words simple majority, absolute majority, effective majority are nowhere mentioned in the constitution. They are only for our understanding. And more importantly know that absolute majority means more than 50% of total membership of the House. For example in case of Lok Sabha it is 50% of 545 plus one that means 273. So absolute majority and majority required to remove president are completely different please know that. Now let us start today's news analysis with this news article. This discussion is going to be based on this news article which says that the national capital region that around Delhi has witnessed several minor earthquakes. So in this context let us discuss in brief about earthquakes, how they occur and how they are measured. The syllabus relevant for this discussion is given here for your reference. Simply put an earthquake is intense shaking of earth surface. See an earthquake happens when two blocks of earth suddenly slip past one another. The surface where the slip is called fault or fault plane as you can see here. The location below the earth surface where earthquake starts is called hypo center. And the location directly above it on the surface where earthquake is felt is called a peace center. So what causes an earthquake and where do they happen? See from NCRTs we all know that the earth has four major layers. They are inner core, outer core, mantle and crust. See the solid crust and stiff top of the mantle make up a region called lithosphere. And this lithosphere is not a continuous piece. The lithosphere is made of many pieces. You can visualize it as in puzzle like many pieces sitting together. These pieces are called tectonic plates. See these tectonic plates keep slowly moving around sliding past one another and bumping into each other. This non-stop movement of these tectonic plates causes a lot of stress on earth crust. When these stresses get too large it leads to cracks called fault. So these plate boundaries across the earth are made up of many faults and most of the earthquakes around the world occur along these faults. So why do these earthquakes happen? See when the tectonic plates move past each other the rough edges get stuck. So the energy that would normally cause the blocks to slide past one another is being stored up. See when the force of moving blocks finally overcomes the friction of stuck edges of the fault it unsticks and all the energy is released. This energy radiates outward from the fault in all directions in form of seismic waves like ripples on a pond. These seismic waves shake the earth as they move through it and shake the ground when they reach the earth surface. So this is all about earthquakes. How do they happen and why do they happen? So how are these earthquakes measured? See often we see it is like a 5.5 earthquake, 6.0 earthquake. We often see this in use. See the severity of an earthquake can be expressed in terms of both intensity and magnitude. So what is intensity? See intensity is based on observed effects of ground shaking on people, buildings and natural futures. It means how much destruction it has caused on the earth surface. See it varies from place to place depending on the location of the observer with respect to epicenter. So this intensity is measured by the modified Mercale intensity scale or simply called Mercale scale and then coming to magnitude. So magnitude is about the amount of seismic energy released at the hypocenter. As we know hypocenter is somewhere located inside the earth where the earthquake starts. It is based on the amplitude of earthquake waves recorded on the instruments called seismographs. So this magnitude is measured using Richter scale or Richter magnitude scale. This is what we often see in the news like Richter 7.0 earthquake, Richter 6.0 earthquake. With this information let us discuss today's news article. See according to today's news article many minor earthquakes are happening around national capital region that is in and around Delhi. So few people and scientists are terming these minor earthquakes as foreshocks. See the foreshocks are smaller earthquakes which are later followed by larger earthquake. See scientists cannot tell that an earthquake is a foreshock until the larger earthquake happens. The largest main earthquake is called the main shock and this main shock is further followed by smaller earthquake called aftershocks. So four shocks that is smaller earthquakes followed by the main shock and again followed by smaller earthquakes called aftershocks. So now there are concerns that these minor earthquakes ranging from 1.8 to 4.5 on Richter scale may lead to a bigger earthquake that is main shock called the Great Himalayan earthquake. So we know that the NCR is situated close to the most active fall in on earth that is the Himalayan belt where the Indian plate or Indo-Australian plate collides with Eurasian plate as you can see here. So because of this collision the stresses are continuously adding up and many scientists and geologists believe that a big earthquake called Great Himalayan earthquake will happen anytime because of these continuous adding up of stresses near the tectonic plates. However there are arguments and counter arguments regarding this Great Himalayan earthquake. Few believe that the minor quakes currently happening would release the energy accumulated and therefore reduce the risk of a very big earthquake. Others believe that the possibility of Great earthquake with magnitude of greater than 8 is going to strike near Himalayan belt. In such case the national capital region that is our national capital Delhi which is very close to this active Himalayan seismic belt is under a very big threat. So this is all about this news article. The displayed practice question will be discussed at the end of the session. Let us take up the next news article. This FAQ article is with reference to estimates of annual national income and quarterly estimates of GDP. These were recently released by National Statistics Office which functions under Ministry of Statistics and Programming Limitation. So this article talks about gross value added that is GVA, GVA at basic prices, GVA at factor cost and as well as gross domestic product. So these terms are very important for prelims and are considered fundamentals in the economics. We shall discuss them in this news analysis. The syllabus relevant for this discussion is given here for your reference. So first let us see gross domestic product that is GDP. So at this stage we shall see the definition of GDP and in the later parts of discussion we shall arrive at GDP using gross value added that is GVA. So GDP is defined as the final value of goods and services produced within the geographical boundaries of a country during a specified period of time normally one year. In other words GDP measures the aggregate production of final goods and services taking place within the domestic economy during a year. Now let us see what do we mean by gross value added that is GVA. See generally value added refers to the value addition to a raw material by a firm. Imagine that a firm has purchased a raw material for rupees 10. By adding value to this raw material the firm has made a product whose final value is rupees 100. But this 100 includes the cost of raw material also. So we need to subtract the price of this raw material to arrive at the value added by the firm. So therefore the value added is 100 minus 10 which comes around rupees 90. So this raw material used by firm is called intermediate consumption. So the gross value added can be mathematically expressed as output minus intermediate consumption. This is what we call as gross value added that is GVA at factor cost. That is the GVA by the firm using its factors of production. In addition to these factors of production the services of government are also used for which the firm needs to pay land revenue license fee etc. These expenditures are called production taxes. At the same time enterprises receive production subsidy from government as well. So for example production taxes can be land revenues, stamp duty, registration fees, tax and profession etc. Production subsidies can be subsidies to railways, input subsidies to farmers, subsidies to village and small industries etc. So if we add the production tax incurred by the firm and if we subtract the production subsidy received by the firm we get gross value added at basic prices. So the formula becomes GVA at basic prices is equal to output minus intermediate consumption plus production taxes minus production subsidies. So this is all about GVA at factor cost and GVA at basic prices. See after production the product or the good has to be sold in a market at a particular price. So up above this price and indirect tax will be added. This is called product tax. At the same time government may also offer product subsidies for purchasing the goods. For example product subsidies can be subsidies on food, subsidies on petroleum, subsidies on fertilizer, subsidies on gas cylinders etc. And product taxes can be excise duty, sales tax, service tax etc. So when we add these product taxes and subtract the product subsidies to the gross value added at basic prices we arrive at the final value of that product at the market. When this final value of all the goods and services produced in a country are added together we arrive at gross domestic product at market prices or GDP at market prices. See as you can see here GDP at market prices is equal to GVA at basic prices plus product taxes minus product subsidies. See this method of calculating the GDP is called product method or value added method. See in this discussion we talked about output of a producer, taxes on production, subsidies should be a producer etc. So from this it is clear that the gross value added generally gives the perspective of supply side and not demand side. So this is why the news article states that GVA is measure of the contribution to GDP made by an individual producer or producer industry. So this is all about GDP, GVA etc. Now let us come to today's news article. It states that from January 2015 India adopted a new methodology. Before January 2015 India was measuring GVA at factor cost. But in 2015 it was decided that sector wise estimates of gross value added will be given at basic prices instead of factor cost. India switched to this methodology to adhere to international norms which is the United Nations system of national accounts shortly as NEA. Next this article talks about the relevance of GVA. We have just seen that GVA captures only supply side and not the demand side. So this GDP calculation based on GVA is called value added method or product method. But GDP can also be calculated by other methods like expenditure method. In expenditure method as the news article states that GDP is computed as the sum total of various expenditures incurred in the economy. These expenditures can be private consumption, government consumption spending and investment spending. This way of computing GDP by adding up all the spending reflects essentially on the demand side of the economy. So the value added method reflects the supply side while the expenditure method reflects the demand side. However this GVA method becomes relevant mainly to conform with international standards. See when we conform to international standards it attracts foreign capital and foreign investment. However there are some drawbacks in using GVA to measure economic growth. Such as see the accuracy of GVA is heavily dependent on sourcing of data and the reliability of these data sources. In that context GVA is prone to vulnerabilities from the use of inappropriate methodologies. There is a general criticism that the change in methodology and data sources had led to a significant overestimation of economic growth. So when we say the change in methodology it means the revision of base year, change in use of GVA at factor cost to GVA at basic prices etc. With this we have come to end of this news article. The displayed practice question will be discussed at the end of the session. Let us move on to the next news article. This question is based on this news article which talks about Padma awards. So according to news article this year government is expecting many nominations related to public service during the COVID-19 pandemic. So in this context let us see in brief about the Padma awards. See the Padma awards are one of the highest civilian honours in India. They are announced annually on the eve of Republic Day and presented by President of India every year. These awards are given in three categories. They are Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Sri. So these awards seek to recognize achievements in all fields of activities or disciplines where an element of public service is involved. So basically these awards to recognize the public service done by civilians. Uncommon to qualifications required to get this prize.  However government servants including those who are working in PSUs are not eligible for these awards. And doctors and scientists working in government sector are exception to this. They are entitled to get these awards. Very importantly this award does not amount to a title. It means the person who got this award cannot use this as a prefix or suffix. Suppose if I get this prize I cannot use Padma Sri before my name or after my name. So coming to selections for this award a committee is set up by the Prime Minister every year called as Padma Awards Committee. All nominations received are scrutinized by this committee which is headed by Cabinet Secretary. The recommendations of this committee are submitted to Prime Minister and President of India for approval. After they are approved the awards are announced on the eve of Republic Day every year. Now coming back to the question. It says that with reference to Padma awards consider the following statements. The statement 1. The award recognizes achievements in all fields of activities where an element of public service is involved. Yes this statement 1 is correct. So therefore you can eliminate option C. Coming to second statement. They are awarded only to Indian citizens. Now this statement is incorrect since even foreigners are eligible to get these awards. So by eliminating statement 2 you can arrive at the answer that is option A 1 only. And coming to statement 3. The awards amount to a title and can be used as suffix or prefix to the awardee's name. As we just discussed the award name cannot be used as prefix or suffix to the awardee's name. So statement 3 is also incorrect. The correct answer is option A 1 only. Let us take up next news article. Now have a look at the given question. It is based on these news articles which talk about Rajya Sabha elections. So as we all know Rajya Sabha or council of states is the upper house of parliament and represents the states and few UTs of Indian Union. So in this context let us discuss in brief about Rajya Sabha. Coming to composition of Rajya Sabha the maximum strength according to constitution can be 250. In addition article 8 it provides that 12 members in Rajya Sabha can be nominated by president of India. And remaining 238 comes from states and UTs. At present there are 245 members in Rajya Sabha. So out of this 245 12 are nominated and rest 233 are elected from states and UTs. And coming to nominated members president nominates 12 members amongst the persons who have special knowledge or practical experience in respect to matters such as literature, science, art and social service. So this is all about composition of council of states or Rajya Sabha. And coming to life or term of Rajya Sabha article 83 clearly mentions that Rajya Sabha is a permanent house and is not subject to dissolution. However one third of members shall retire every second year and an equal number of members are chosen to replace them. And now we shall see how Rajya Sabha members are elected. Know that they are elected by proportional representation by means of single transferable vote or simply put indirect election. Normally when a member is elected to Rajya Sabha he or she serves a period of 6 years. However there can be vacancy in Rajya Sabha due to reasons like resignation, death of member or disqualified under 10th schedule. So the election held to fill such a vacancy is called by election. And very importantly know that a member elected in by election can be in the office of Rajya Sabha only for the remainder period. Suppose a member who got elected to Rajya Sabha in 2017 so died in 2020. So he was in Rajya Sabha for 3 years. So now the member who gets elected in this by election can serve only the next 3 years that is the remainder period of 6 years. So coming back to the question it says that the first statement the electoral college of Rajya Sabha includes both elected and normative members of the legislative assembly of a state. So this statement is incorrect since the normative members of assembly are not included in the electoral college of Rajya Sabha. Only elected members that is elected MLAs can vote for Rajya Sabha members. Coming to statement 2 the term of office of member elected to Rajya Sabha through by election is 6 years. So this statement is also incorrect. See just now we discussed that a member elected through by election serves only for remainder period not for a full term of 6 years. So the correct answer is option D neither one nor 2. Let us move ahead with this news article. This question is based on this news article which talks about poaching and illegal wildlife trade. According to a recent report by traffic a significant increase in poaching happened in India during the 2 month lockdown period. In addition the report found that poaching for consumption and local trade have more than doubled during the lockdown period. So in this context let us see some facts about traffic and also sites in exam point of view. See traffic is a leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. See it was established in 1976 as a joint conversation program of WWF and IUCN that is worldwide fund and international union for conservation of nature. See this traffic is aimed to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature. In India traffic operates as a program division of WWF that is worldwide fund for nature. Since its founding traffic has grown to become the world's largest wildlife trade monitoring program and a global expert on wildlife trade issues. This non-governmental organization undertakes its activities in close collaboration with governments on the convention on international trade in endangered species of wildlife fauna and flora that is sites. See sites is an international agreement between governments to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. See sites is an international agreement to which states and regional economic integration organizations are there voluntarily and know that sites is legally binding on the parties that is states that have joined sites. As of now around 183 parties are members are there in sites agreement. See when it comes to conservation according to the degree of protection they need the species covered by sites are listed under three appendices their appendix 1, 2 and 3. See appendix 1 includes species threatened with extinction. Trade in specimen of these species is permitted only in exceptional circumstances. Coming to appendix 2 it includes species not necessarily threatened with extinction but in which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival. And appendix 3 includes species for which a range country has asked other parties to help in controlling international trade. So this is all about sites and traffic in brief. So let's get back to the question. Consider the following statements with reference to traffic. It is an international agreement between governments for wildlife trade monitoring. See this statement is incorrect since traffic is not an intergovernmental agreement or international agreement between governments. It is a NGO that is non-governmental organization. Coming to statement 2 it aims to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to conservation of nature. Yes this statement is correct since it is the objective of traffic. So the correct answer for this question is option B 2 only since we are supposed to find the correct statements. Let us take up other practice questions. This question is based on economy article we have discussed today. So the question says consider the following statements two statements are given and we should identify the correct answer. Statement 1 GVA is obtained by the addition of intermediate consumption with value of production. This statement is incorrect since GVA is obtained by subtracting intermediate consumption from value of production. That is output minus intermediate consumption. Here it is given as output plus intermediate consumption. So statement 1 is incorrect. Coming to statement 2 GVA reflects essentially on the demand conditions in the economy. This statement is also incorrect since GVA reflects the supply side of the economy and not the demand side. We have discussed this one in detail when we are discussing about the economy news article. So the correct answer is option D neither one nor two. Let us take up this main question. The Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and NCT of Delhi are situated close to the most active fault line on earth and soon may experience a very big earthquake. Explain this question is based on that geography news article where we discussed about earthquake, how they occur and about Himalayan region as well as great Himalayan earthquake. So you can use those points to write this answer. Try to stick to the word limit that is 250 words. Please write the answers and post them in the comment section. We will get back to you with necessary feedback within short time. With this we conclude today's news analysis. If you find the session resourceful click on the like button and share appreciation in the comment section below. And don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel. Stay home. Stay safe.