Hi and hello from MIP TV and today we're going to take you on a journey of discovery we're going to take you on a wonderful trip through the development the arc of the development of transactional analysis for its very early roots to the present day and there's no better tour guide to take us on that wonderful journey than Mr Bob Cook who is it was a I'll say today an authority on transactional analysis so as we cast our boats out on this wonderful voyage where's our first ports of call Bob? Well we have to start really we have to start in 1949 and mention the originator of transaction Eric Byrne. Yes. In 1949 his first book which was a layman of psychanalysis and he was really talking about psychanalysis was a Freudian. Yes. And that that was really his first ideas and thoughts I think from those early days about the ego and then he departed from psychanalysis really through that the 50s and started to think about his early ideas of what he would call the ego and we all know that what the ego is it's really the genesis and called personality and created a personality model for psychotherapy if you like and the idea that there's three parts of the self in one psychic skin. Yes. Yeah and it's interesting we just recalled another video we kind of talked about the idea of Freud but what I want to ask I want to kind of ask if this is a myth because it's it's kind of abroad is it true that Byrne was declined membership of the New York psychoanalytical society and that is what spurred him on to develop his new idea. That's the that's the got it. Now interestingly I went on a mission to find out where that gossip originated from and there's three autobiographies on Byrne and I couldn't find it in any of them so I don't know if that's been handed down to different trainers or but that is the sort of like conventional gossip they got declined as that we've just said and that spurred him on. Yes. It's his own his own ideas and development personality. Yes it's an apocryphal story perhaps. Yeah that's right. I've heard about many many times. Yes. Which if you say students watching this tells you one of the reasons you shouldn't use Wikipedia for your reference. It's on the front of Wikipedia. I haven't found it anywhere. I think it's one which has been passed down in time. Yeah but the thing is of course it is true that in 1961 he created a new model of psychotherapy and we'll let's start there. So in his first book 1961 he put down the four four building blocks of a transaction analyst and you can call yourself a transaction analyst if you adhere to these four theoretical concepts. Yeah. A parent adult child, a theory of personality, a theory of communication called transaction analysis proper with you know things study of transactions, a theory of script which is an unconscious life plan played out throughout life and games which is to do with repetitive behaviors. If you think those four arcs or four templates you could call yourself a transaction. Yeah and that's important. He went on in 1963 to form the first International Transaction Analysis Association in America, Carmel and he started to supervise early TA therapists in his methodology. Social workers, probation workers love the first model of transaction analysis because they like the idea of parent adult child and they really love the focus that Eric Byrne had which was that especially with people who are quite damaged or even the neurotic population to strengthen the adult ego state instead of somebody getting caught up in the regressed child or the overburden critical parent. So it provided good tools for those early mental health professionals. Yeah and I think what's really interesting about that is a very, very if you think of Freudian ideas they can be complex and quite kind of you get bogged down in them but TA is quite it's a I read somewhere he wanted to write it and they use the terminology the 60s in layman's terms we'd say laypersons nowadays and it is very simple and in fact we were speaking a little while ago off-camera and he was saying that in his very early ideas he said that unless you went to the the board and wrote these ideas and taught it to the client at least is it four times in the session? Yeah you really weren't doing it properly. Correct and very much an edgictive model and probably the first CBT focused. Yes that really struck me out because you know everybody thinks you know TA is about subconscious process but actually the model is the model of understanding our transactions and strengthening that adult ego state is quite a cognitive approach really isn't it? Very much. I mean Eric Berner had great challenges with a very, he wasn't that young at the time but I would say a very young psychotherapist coming through at that time who developed Gestalt Psychotherapy and he had a lot of challenges with Fitz Pearls who developed Gestalt Psychotherapy from Karl Mao which is very you know in the different parts of San Francisco yes of course Gestalt Psychotherapies all mainly to deal with the unconscious and what he would do he would send clients to the new Gestalt Psychotherapist or psychoanalysts if they wanted to deal with their unconsciousness because he was far, far, far more focused on how to strengthen the adult ego state in here and now and move towards quite focused cognitive changes through many of the techniques like the drama, triangle, like ego grams, like script analysis so he wanted change to happen as soon as possible. Yes so he would encourage people to understand how they developed their life plan that kind of play of play of life that we call the script and it also be interested in the repetitive behaviors that got people you know people always falling down the same behavioral hole and it also be really interested in trying to get people to understand you know were they being affected from how the child in them was affected by the parent almost like this kind of battle of wills that sat inside the skin of the person and to make a new decision and put that new script on the road as soon as possible yes yeah changed changed the record almost and a lot of the early TA therapy it's methodology was through education yes so that takes us to 67 maybe 1960s and they died right and when he died in 1970 from a double heart attack on Carmel Bill he was he was just finishing off another one of his books which was called Sex and Human Loving which again was finished off by somebody else costumously and what you had one is then an avoid in the TA movement and you have three approaches vying for priority and the three approaches were the enduring classical approach or burning approach the idea is we've just talked about developing a robust adult mediating between the warring factions of the parent and child eager state and making new re-decisions and putting a script on the road that was the adult eager state and then you had another wonderful charismatic person developing another approach still TA but dealing with the parent eager state and that was called the Shiffian school or often called the Catexa school which is very much to do with re-parenting the idea of a replacement parents and the idea that the TA therapist would have a contract with clients where the contract would be something like the client who was quite disturbed with that population usually we're going to a resident residential therapy and through regression take on board the new replacement parents of the the therapist so it's long-term work and very very always diametrically opposite from the approach that Bern talked about which is cognition so that's the second approach and probably the one which came won the battle was the approach which concentrated on the child eager state which was re-decision psychotherapy by the Gouldings buildings he had three schools if we take you back to the Shiffian one that's Claude Steiner is it no that's that was definitely created no nothing no course I was very much in the classical school right the particle Sun actually very good sure talk about Jackie shift yes Jackie shift and most shift yeah so this is just just for those people maybe you're not all favorite TA this was a move away from a more cognitive place to a place where there's a more intersubjective relationship where the client could know no no not at all this was about replacement parenting yes regression nothing to do with the intersubjective space between the verbs and the client in a co-creative relationship this was very much what some people call brainwashing all right okay I've got a very very bad name Jackie shift got debarred from TA in 1979 and it's the dark side of transaction analysis really which many many people today would really never talk about it's taught in training programs and some of the concepts are still talked about but the early ideas of replacement parenting or brainwashing I would like to say are really the dark sides the dark ages of transaction analysis okay yeah okay so the the theory that dare not speak his name yeah because it had a terrible press and I really fundamentally moralistic to be done agree with it right so we're now moving on to the the next model he talks about which was the decision school yes this is the Gouldings isn't it yeah yes is the idea that we make are that you go back in time with the client either through role play where they play out the parent child conflicts and make new re-decisions so you have to go back to when the first decisions were made originally look at look for the injunctions look for the the stuck places and with the help of the therapist make new new decisions and reintegrated in your life and develop a new script yes so this is very much about looking at how you viewed the world as a child and how you adapted to the world as a child correct and then realizing that maybe those adaptions that may have worked as in childhood to some extent now no longer are a bit defunct in adults so you go back you look where it started and you literally like her like it's somewhat like the therapist is like a writer on a TV series re helps the client rewrite the script so that they can read they can they can act in a more in a in a play of the lives which is directed by them yeah that's right and yeah you're right the therapist plays a very directive function yes almost like psychodrama they go back make these new decisions and then with the help of the therapist integrate them in their modern-day life yes script on the road yes that's kind of the lot of was that a lot based on contracts in Bob did I remember that you make contracts to go back in time a lot of role-playing yeah into the child and it's a wonderful approach I mean it's very much to do to do with going back into the child league estate see I never went to the child league estate he believed you can make redistributions from the adult where the Gouldings believed you need to go back to where the decision will originally made which is in the child league estate and make new ones and am I right in thinking that one of the contracts may be not to go crazy is that is that right yeah that you could have things called escape hatch closures yeah make decisions not to go crazy to make you know keep yourself sane yeah you know yes you're quite you're quite right but fundamentally you'll go back and the idea is that you would put in make new redistributions from the child league states integrating into adults and have a new script in life okay and that went into the 1980s okay that takes us up then to the birth of a new school really the Richard Erskine ideas of integrative psychotherapy now integrative psychotherapy is primarily relational in nature and it's the idea that the therapist's major function is to help the client integrate the different parts of the cells in other words to help them integrate the cutoff fragmented disowned parts of the south through trauma or through this health and help them provide a more healthy function through integration yes to to leave parts of that were not useful behind look at them and maybe cut them away or take them out or bin them yes well what happens in food trauma yes what you do of course is that you almost like fragment off cut bit like a honeycomb yes you basically because you don't want to feel the feelings of the trauma or even remember the incidents of the trauma you hide it off into parts of your unconscious or consciousness if you like with press consciousness into that segment within the honeycomb and you close that part of you so you don't remember you for getting in inverted commas and you don't feel it and the only way you probably feel it through flashbacks and later life that becomes repressed and cut off from the major energetics energetic source of the human condition now the problem with that well the good thing about eyes it cuts off the trauma so you don't have to feel it yeah you don't have to think about it the problem though in later life is that number one you haven't got access to that energy anymore because it's spend all the time keeping the honeycomb shut or that energy compartment of home close up and also you're driven all the time to to not feel not think or not get in touch of that that part of you so you will often be driven compulsively through triggers in the present and you won't know why you're driven that way yes yes and come back from wars something post-traumatic stress disorder what they've done is a fragmented part of that whole will swarm away but in the present suddenly they can be cycling along the road and then you know they hear a bang from pay I don't know a carpenter in a car or whatever it is and then they end up on the floor like a regressed child yes yeah because because they've hidden it away and the explosion is kind of opened the box and it's all come out yeah that's right and so so it's really important to integrate to take back to take ownership of the different parts of yourself so that you can put another script on the road so again it comes back to scripts comes back to scripts life plans life plans yeah so moving on from Richard's ideas idea yeah big piece of research done in the 80s and 90s about how the relationship impacts on the therapeutic outcome correct and that that lays us then to what were called in general psychotherapy the relational turn yes your idea that it is the relationship between the therapist and client which is paramount regardless what model you've been trained in yes and that what really is the curative part here is that the relationship takes center stage yes not the methodologies yes so a big shift if you think of where we started we burn where it was the model it was the the teaching it was the going to the board now we're into a place where the relationship sits central central front of the centre and from there all the works kind of moves moves that moves on from it yeah so so I'll say the final school but the up-to-date school if you like in terms of a developmental arc of TA is Helena Hargan and and Charlotte Sills Keith Tudor you know that now they are the sort of forerunners of this final school which is called relational transaction analysis yes and the idea we've just talked about is the relationship is right at the front and they would use transference but in transference in the here and now they would rework with transference in the here and now not go back into history and examine the transference there so they wouldn't go back to you know somebody comes in and says oh you're lying me of my father when I was three so if you look at classical transference through regression you go back and examine the transference or analyze the transference but in relational transaction analysis you wouldn't at all you would stay in the here and now and say well I'm not your father let's explore what this angers about yes and that's interesting isn't it because that's very much here and now instead of kind of going back and exploring it say well I'm not your father but you know what's what's going on yeah that's very relational and it's interesting Keith Tudor when I trained was a big writer in in the world of person therapy yeah Roger's yeah big time big time he writes a lot of books and articles yeah and he's written quite a lot in TA and this school I would say he's probably the most prominent in transaction analysis at the moment the idea of reworking the transference in the here and now that the relationship is the curative factor now all these people still think eager states through communication live scripting games they're still transaction analysts the methodology is different yeah just how it's delivered yeah so what's next is there a new emerging idea in CA so it's Bob cooks some new school no seriously I think neuroscience yes I would agree yeah yeah and maybe also looking at spirituality yeah I'm being more more I don't I don't think you've got a long way to go with that transaction analysis but the idea is of you know neuroscience neurobiology transaction analysis I think I think that there's a book there you know transaction analysis and neurobiology and I think it's a wheel wheel probably where we'll go and I said I think was a big way to go in spirituality as well for the idea of vices and you know we've got the fifth dimension of the self because Erskine talks about four dimensions of self cognition emotion thinking of behavior I think there's a fifth which is spirituality so those are two particular areas I would think might be concentrated more on especially neuroscience what would burn have made of this do you think he would have dropped dead if it's turn it is a phase turn in his grave if it is thought I think of some of the shiffian work yeah move further on I think we love the redecision work and I think I think he would also like to a lot of the ideas of relational transaction analysis and I hope but I think his own shortcomings to do with his own script but I hope that he would have embraced the methods of using transaction analysis in a child eager state in the early years of someone's life I don't know but he certainly as he was very in very sharp intellectual thinker I would embrace some short money but the ideas of the modern age yes and it was a it was a medical doctor as well isn't it so the idea of neuroscience I would love that I would imagine he would have loved that yeah he would really have embraced that and it's a sad loss that he died he died at the age of 60 yeah so yeah yeah so young I mean so we've seen a huge huge number of stars and approaches in transaction analysts and I when it when somebody says they're transaction analysts worry the real question is the real question is well okay what type of transaction list yes that's the real question yeah and it poses the question that you know it would be difficult to train as a TA therapist in a year or 18 months wouldn't say it's it's such a look on your face does it all Bob yeah this is a you know this is a huge piece of theory and the therapist has to go along with that this isn't something they can just kind of you know hop on the bus and you know they really have to engage in the in the therapy themselves and experience it for themselves don't they yeah and they need to know all the different styles and approaches so they know what they don't want and they know what they like and yeah they develop their own identity but I know to be a certified transaction analyst will take you about 70 years time training yeah so it's a big training big training and I'm a relational psychotherapist I'm very much versed in a lot of Erskine's ideas so I know where I stand in terms of somebody asked me what type of therapist and I would say I would say I'm a relational integrated transaction analyst yes and somebody like you asked burn back in 1960 would have said that I'm a classical TA therapist whatever TA is there but we've developed now it's a 2017 well Bob it's been a wonderful journey our ship has docked and yes that's a full what a wonderful trip and what a valuable learning I'm sure there's going to be people watching this who'll just be so grateful of you spending the time to share this I mean this is a wealth of knowledge you've shared Bob so thank you very much you're welcome thank you


one shiver one thousand here with another walk Wednesday right yeah she's trying not to laugh because I had a hell of a time starting this one for some reason but we're gonna be doing something different aren't we Monk yeah what are we making we're making soup in the walk we're making chicken noodle soup in the walk that's not homemade noodles because we are keeping we want to hand me one of those we are keeping it kind of with the theme so we are using the low-main wide noodles and so we're just going to kind of make a chicken noodle soup only we're gonna do in a walk so stick around it should be fun right Monk yeah guys we're gonna start with our ingredients here we've got two of these chicken bullion cubes we've got this stuff this is really good excuse me this is really good guys trust me cheap too was it a dollar or something yeah we'll just say two bucks but yeah that's and there's a lot in there four ounces doesn't sound like much but there's a lot more than six of those we're gonna be putting these in the soup I'm gonna be stir-frying with these because we are going to stir-fry the vegetables a little bit which we have our celery we have one huge onion here we have three carrots these are just diced up with a dicer chopper thing and there's a couple onions in there that's okay I have about three-fourths of a ball but garlic in here so I'm not sure how many cloves I used but they were all pretty decent size and then I don't know I had monkey get me these cans of chicken I've got eight of them here she said that she had thighs and I wasn't thinking I could have just boiled the thighs down and use the chicken just deboned them and and done it that way I don't know why I wasn't thinking that so anyway my bad I had a little bit of this into the stir-fry I got a couple of these well about one and a half I think so we're gonna need this is a half of one here so that's chicken broth alright so I'm gonna get you over here and I think what we're gonna do is we don't have stir-fry these long because they're gonna cook a while in the wok they're gonna boil down we're gonna reduce it down almost into a stew and then we'll add some more liquid so I'm gonna start with the carrots I'll throw the carrots in there and then we'll go with the onions and then the celery and then we'll start making some broth and cooking the noodles okay so now we're gonna go ahead and add our carrots in nice little sizzle there got my sous chef over there sitting on the couch I'm gonna let these get heated up there seasoning seasoning that's there okay he's on the couch laughing so now what I'm gonna do when I got love the smell of this stuff just gonna put a little bit in here because remember this is all gonna you know cook as it as we cook it all together if that makes sense you know what I mean right and I'm soft enough so what we're we're doing we're just kind of turn the heat up a little bit I'm on a number eight put a little bit more this in here then I'm gonna take that was probably maybe a tablespoon all together I'm gonna take about about a teaspoon of that and add it in there like I said this guy's I'm not telling you exact I'm saying about because you know that's what a recipe is about you know I mean this is what you go by and then you know then you go from there because some people don't like a lot of flavoring some people like more some people don't like carrots they won't add any but you know once you once you make it and you got an idea of how to make it then you just run with it just go and have fun it's your creation now crap mama here we go we're getting in there now just enough cameras picking it up but excuse me starting to turn a little yellow there see that's because of this stuff that we put in there chicken broth flavoring go about a nine all right I'm gonna cook these for about three minutes and then we'll add our celery in and then we'll go on okay it's been about three minutes exactly three minutes cuz I timed it put a couple more tablespoons of this in here stir it up a little bit and then we're gonna put this up to the side let that broth drain down I was gonna add our celery I used a whole stock of celery but it was a small stock so without probably a cup and a half maybe two cups again it's up to you guys what you want how much and how little you want something I got the fan on so sorry about that I want to add about another teaspoon of this because remember guys we're not straining any of this so this is going to be broth for our soup so as you can see it does soak it up pretty well some of it of course evaporates you can actually use beef broth if you're going to be using some beef always do the carrots first because they're always the hardest vegetable so it takes a little more to for them to cook a little longer for them to cook but if you're just making soup regularly you know you can just add it all together but still sometimes like your onions may get a little soggy so always try to keep everything about the same so that way when it cooks it all cooks the same so we got this going now now I'm gonna add you know some of my garlic in here now so it'll get infused with the vegetables I'm gonna add about half of that again you don't have to use garlic we eat a lot of garlic it's good for a heart waiver of it I love the smell of it keep them with some people with the tradition here we're gonna add a little bit of this not a lot because it is gonna be chicken soup so that should be enough I put about a tablespoon in there I might add more you don't have to add it off you don't want you can use soy sauce or yeah that's soy sauce you can use what's that stuff we made homemade no teriyaki yeah you can use Worcestershire sauce though yeah and you can throw the vegetables all over the stove and counter if you want I advise against it but one piece of their lavish think it's funny when I do stupid stuff like that and I'm already smelling I am smelling the celery the carrots and the chicken flavor in there already glad we just you know a couple tablespoons at a time now we're gonna add this in that's our onion like I said it's I used we had a half of a large onion then we had a large onion in there and I used half of that so I'm gonna say about a large onion now we're gonna add about another teaspoon of this stuff have been a little bit more but I'm gonna let this cook I may have to add you know table spoon at a time just to keep it from sticking because this is all gonna be going in here eventually our noodles will be last because these noodles don't take that long so what we'll do is we'll probably reduce this by half add a little bit more liquid you can use water or whatever I'll be using this stuff and then and then we'll cook the noodles because in noodles only take like four minutes to cook so let me cook this off for about another three minutes and then we're gonna add our our chicken in and we're gonna do the same thing we're gonna let it cook for you know three or four minutes and then we'll add our broth we'll bring it to a boil and then we're gonna let it simmer but right now let's go ahead and cook this up okay it's been about another three minutes I'm gonna add some seasoning and start off with some fresh ground black peppercorn however much or little you like some people don't like pepper at all so I'm gonna add about let's give it a couple teaspoons just guessing like I said guys it's not you know rocket science you and you can always add it later as you taste taste it as you go as it's cooking if it needs a little bit of this or less of that you know it's not big deal I'm gonna add about another tablespoon of that I'm gonna add some lemon pepper here flowers now you're not gonna see me adding any salt or seasoned salt because of you know that broth is salty those boyan cubes are salty add a little bit of turmeric about a half a teaspoon we're gonna go with cayenne pepper and add about a teaspoon of that just a little bit of a kick tiny bit of paprika just for some color look at the colors in that already guys look at that you see all the different color hopefully I know it's steaming a lot but look at that that's looking good I know it's chicken noodle soup this is kind of the general thing but you can add some squash or whatever zucchini can't you mom a little bit another two tablespoons of that add about another teaspoon of this that might have been a teaspoon and a half but you get the idea it doesn't matter really it's all you don't use like half a jar and now what we want to do is I drained these off but not like completely completely so we're gonna add eight it says four to five ounce well you would think it'd be one or the other right this is cornmeal chicken breast that one says five ounces so like I said I just what I did when I opened it I just held the lid on there and just you know drained it out there's some left in there but that's okay because you want a little bit because it'll give it some flavor you know so I was gonna put these in a in a bowl too but I thought well I wanted to see what we was using so I didn't forget to mention what kind of chicken we were using so now we're gonna give this a quick stir you know I may add another can or two of this chicken I think I will once we get everything going probably I'll add two cans okay now we're gonna add the rest of our garlic in there very nice I'm gonna give it a couple more tablespoons of that our chicken broth and I am going to cook this for about another three minutes and I'm gonna stir it a little bit not much and then I'll kick it back on we'll add the broth until it's almost full well our boy in tubes and then we'll give some more and like I said we'll reduce it down by half so I'm not gonna be covered in this and cooking it at all okay so I didn't time it but it's been about three minutes maybe four I did put two more cans of chicken in there I'm going to dump the rest of this in here monkey's wanting to taste it she tasted the little piece of chicken but I told her it wasn't it hadn't had time to soak up a flavor yet so what we're gonna do is we're gonna take take two of those and I'm gonna put about another two teaspoons of this in there and this these cubes will melt up real nice like I said I'm going to fill this up by three four full let's go ahead and bring it to a boil and then I'll reduce the heat so it's probably going to take this whole one which is fine I got another one in there if we need it this is just to get you started I make a lot too this is more than enough for two people because we like leftovers well I like leftovers okay so I'm going to go ahead and bring this to a boil and once it starts boiling I'll kick you back on and then I'll tell you what we're going to do next after that because we still have to add our noodles but I want these the vegetables to cook some first because them noodles doesn't take long they only take like four minutes so I don't want them getting real soggy as you can see it's already starting to come to a boil so hang tight guys okay as you can see we've got it kind of between a rapid boil and a rolling boil the reason why I don't want to put a lid on it is because I do want this to reduce down so I can probably keep it right there because this you know these electric ranges don't get get as hot see there it's kind of rolling right in there's kind of a rapid but as you can see over here it's more of a rolling boil so I may have to just keep it on high it depends you know on your on your stove and altitudes and all that okay so monkey tried it how is it so far month that's good so I'm going to reduce this down a little bit and then we're going to add our noodles and about four minutes after that they'll it should be ready so because the carrots are done right yeah so we're just going to reduce this down a little bit but I don't want to go too much because I said about half but that's not right it just all depends how many noodles you're going to use if you're using homemade noodles it soaks up more because your noodles will soak up a lot of that bra so yeah there we go there's a good boil so I'm going to turn it down just a little bit want to give it about 15 minutes and then we're going to add our noodles then we'll go from monkeys clapping then we'll go from there so hang tight guys okay we're back now want to add the noodles we've got two packs here I'm gonna break them up just gonna put them in here you should only take what should only take four or five minutes here to cook these noodles I did add some I did add about four tablespoons of cornstarch just to thicken it up a little bit and these noodles will soak up some so I may add some more broth in there just all depends it's also up to you you don't even have to add the noodles if you don't want you can just have chicken soup instead of chicken noodle soup all right so I'm gonna set a timer on these I'm gonna let them cook for about five minutes if it takes longer I'll let you know but it shouldn't okay guys end up taking a lot longer because I had some noodles stuck together so I had to keep cooking them to get them to come apart but there's still something there but they'll come apart here in a minute once we dish this out so and I'm taking about ten minutes I think wasn't it something like that all right so we're gonna get these get this in a bowl and we're gonna try it and let you know if it's any good or not I had some sticking on the bottom monkey looked at it like oh my god so that's all right we just won't scrape the bottom because I had to wait so long but yeah that looks pretty good it is kind of like a stew but like a soupy stew yeah some people like it where you're just okay we're gonna get some of this in a bowl we'll be back with you okay guys so this is our chicken noodle soup like I said it's almost like a stew but we're about ready to give this a try I also did have to put the lid on for a couple minutes of that time what about five minutes yeah I did put the lid on they're al dente right now but if you don't let them stick together as my fault I just kind of dumped them in I should have separated them and then but you know it happens so you know right so what we're gonna do now is we're gonna give this a shot so I didn't do any work on the John Deere today because well it did start raining this afternoon and it's it rain well it's raining right now but kind of hurt my back to past two days I think what did it was when I was moving them concrete things yeah well it was bags bags a quick read and then hardened over the year so there was this 80 pounds of concrete so I'm not supposed to lift more than five pounds but I didn't want her doing it so you know can't ask her to do that very hot yeah that stuff all the time noodle fell your noodle fell yeah very good mm-hmm wow that's very good yeah I think you guys will really really enjoy this little recipe you don't have to do it on a walk I just thought we'll do something different I never made soup in a walk so yeah you can taste everything you taste the garlic then you everything is flavorful in here and what you can also do is like that some people will add their celery at the end mm-hmm so it's a little more crunchy and stuff and I find it looks great however you want to do it I like it both ways so I think it turned out good yep very good I don't know her fork is like just I can't say it raise it up mine's like regular but make sure if the noodles don't stick together I think about five minutes we'll be flying on them yeah see my my fork's kind of hers is like well we're gonna enjoy our supper so late supper about 830 yeah but she went to go see her mom and mom did get out of the hospital she's in rehab now and she's doing better yeah still got some issues but she may be in there a couple more weeks and she could be out there three months not sure yet though yeah it depends on you know how well she does and everything so but anyway guys again thanks for watching this has been chef shea bear on walk Wednesday yeah I'm gonna go so monkey can eat her meal and enjoy herself and we'll see you guys in the next one monkey anything you want to add thanks for the help monkey she's kind of cleaning up and stuff and I turned around and the broth was gone it's like where's the broth I put it in the fridge you say you done with it I said well I guess I am so anyway guys again thanks for watching appreciate it so see you in the next one bye bye guys and take care hey she bear monkey 1000 here today really what I'm recording and you know what you said well I always say no now I gotta do it over yeah cuz you messed it up anyway roll it back okay roll it back everyone like 1000 here say there's gonna what the hell okay say it right I thought you were doing it I thought you were starting this one cuz I keep scaring up


Ever wondered what Gothic literature really means? Or you're not entirely sure what the key elements of Gothic literature are and what to look for if you're currently reading a Gothic text? Stay tuned as I'll dive deep into what Gothic literature really is and key elements that make up this genre of writing. So let's get started. Now firstly let's address what is Gothic literature? What's the dictionary definition of Gothic literature? Now Gothic fiction essentially means a genre of literature that combines horror, death and sometimes romance. And Gothic literature often features strong world protagonists who are in isolated fearful settings and they're usually elements of sublime nature and supernatural fearful spectres. Now this type of fiction is designed to make us as readers feel a really strong sense of foreboding. Now before we go into the separate elements to look out for that compose Gothic literature let's look at some really famous Gothic novels because maybe you might be reading one of these types of novels or you might be familiar with them. Now when it comes to some famous Gothic novels and do bear in mind we actually have summary videos summarizing these different novels. Here are a selection of a few famous Gothic texts. One of them is Ordering Heights by Charlotte Bronte. Another very famous which we've done lots and lots of different revision videos on so please do check out our channel is The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. There's also Frankenstein by Murray Sheddy one which we also have lots of videos on. Dracula by Baram Stoker. The Picture of Doreen Gray by Oscar Wilde. The Woman in Black by Susan Hill. Jane Eyre again by Charlotte Bronte. Jamaica Inn by Daphne du Maurier and The Legend of sleepy hollow by Washington Irving. So these are just a few of very many Gothic fiction novels that are available for you to read. Now when it comes to key elements of Gothic fiction and these elements that you're going to see in all of these novels here are a few elements. Now let's first start off with the setting that's used. Now often in Gothic fiction writers and the authors of these stories feature old rundown structures especially castles, mansions, country manners, where we find hidden passages, trapdoors, dungeons, secret rooms decline from the former greatness and also when it comes to the setting writers often create bleak and foreboding environments so you'll find lots of dark forests, imposing mountains, tempestuous weather and areas which are far away from civilization because all these elements really create an atmosphere of fear, foreboding and we as readers sense a strong feeling of tension. Moreover when it comes to setting other elements of setting include a castle usually quite ruined and haunted or ruined buildings as I've mentioned mansions for instance which tend to be sinister or which arouse a sense of melancholy. You also find dungeons, underground passages, crypts and catacombs which in modern novels so in modern Gothic texts have spooky basements for instance or scary attics. You also of course have labyrinths feature dark corridors and winding stairs and there are lots of shadows, a beam of moonlight for example in the blackness or a flickering candle or the only source of light which could be a very weak candle failing and of course the threat of darkness. Also when it comes to landscapes that tend to be very extreme such as rugged mountains, thick forests, icy wastes and really extreme weather and of course also the things like marshes featured. Now when it comes to the protagonist and the typical style of protagonist in these types of stories the plot often involves hidden secrets which threaten the protagonist and the protagonist tends to be isolated or alone. The protagonist also senses some kind of physical entrapment so they're usually far away from civilization and they experience emotional needs and tension as they tend to be cut off from the people that are closest to them. These protagonists also tend to have a high social ranking so think for instance of Dr. Jekyll, Mr. Hyde. Now the main character Dr. Jekyll is of a high social status. Also if we go further with this example they tend to suffer from psychological conflict and in a turmoil again Dr. Jekyll had a hidden side hence why he created Mr. Hyde in order to try to placate this psychological conflict. Often they tend to suffer from this tragic flaw which ultimately leads to their downfall so for instance if we think about Frankenstein, think about Victor Frankenstein's own tragic downfall and his ambition. Now another element of gothic fiction is to do with the female characters, the women. Now there are usually two main female roles that tend to be given to women in these types of texts. You either have the predator or the helpless victim so firstly the predator tends to be dangerous yet powerfully attractive. Think of the sisters in Dracula and the women who are classified as predators help to portray the plain and pleasure paradox that is quite synonymous with gothic literature. On the other end of it you tend to have women cast as the helpless damsel in distress. They are fragile, vulnerable, they're often frightened and they suffer from some kind of ailment and the writer tends to give the protagonist or rather the woman and the protagonist something to rescue so it's up to the protagonist to rescue this helpless damsel in distress and often this helpless damsel is the prize for the male protagonist's brave endeavors. Now when it comes to the supernatural elements of gothic fiction so the supernatural is a key defining element in the gothic and writers invoke the supernatural directly or they rely upon the imagination of the reader to provide it. So the supernatural tends to build suspense. We witness ghosts, dead spirits and uncanny characters and stories often include omens, ancestral cure curses, magic, the supernatural manifestations or the suggestion of the uncanny. Now also especially when you think about stories such as Frankenstein and the strange case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde, science is involved so some of the gothic literature especially gothic literature created and written during the Victorian era dealt with science and this is because contextually people like Charles Darwin became massive during this period and advances in science made people especially Victorians quite fearful of whether man would try to use science to replace God and do a natural action. Therefore the gothic literature exploits this fear and we get the worst case scenario depicted. So for example think of Frankenstein and the creature who ultimately destroys his creator and this creature was caused through science. Now when it comes to emotions explored in gothic literature often it's very dramatic. There's lots of high emotions triggered by murders, kidnappings, people going mad or tragic illnesses running through a family. So for instance think of some of Edgar Allen Poe's stories such as the fall of the house of Usherward. There's a tragic illness that captures this one family. Also of course emotions can run high and characters tend to be quite passionate to strong world. They defy others and even sometimes they defy their own common sense in pursuit of their goals and women in this context tend to be quite curious and they have a tendency to swoon while men storm and rage in reflection of unseen inner torments and there's a heightened sense of drama. Furthermore there are lots of extreme emotions triggered by murders, kidnappings, people going mad and there's a lot of horror. There's terror which we experience and of course which your characters experience in the macabre and the sinister is all experienced in this. Furthermore there's a focus when it comes to the style of writing on emotional rather than rational thinking and characters tend to be quite passionate, strong-willed and defy others and so that's really it when it comes to gothic fiction. Thank you so much for listening and if you found this video useful do make sure you check out our other video summaries of some of the most famous gothic texts including Wuthering Heights, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Frankenstein, Dorian Gray and more. Furthermore if there's a gothic text that we haven't covered in our channel please do let us know in the comments box as we'll do our best to make a summary revision video to help you in your studies. Thank you so much for listening.


In 1913, Niels Bohr presented a model of the atom which appealed to concepts from both classical and quantum physics in order to overcome the shortcomings of the planetary model. He started with the idea of electrons held in orbits about the nucleus by electrical forces. Now, we've seen that the two primary problems are radiation collapse and the lack of discrete radiation frequencies. Bohr solved both of these with the radical proposal of stationary states. Why don't orbiting electrons radiate away their energy and crash into the nucleus? Because certain orbits are quote stationary and don't radiate. We can number the orbits one, two, three, and so on. And we'll say that the nth orbit has radius Rn and energy En. And the reason atoms display discrete spectral lines is as follows. An electron in an orbit of energy Ek can transition to a lower energy orbit En by emitting a photon of energy Ek minus En. The frequency of this radiation, new Kn, is fixed by Planck's relation. The energy of the photon is Planck's constant times frequency. Conversely, the electron can transition from the low energy orbit to the high energy orbit by absorbing a photon of the same frequency. The existence of discrete electron energy levels means that only certain discrete frequencies of radiation can be emitted or absorbed. Abstractly, we can think of an electron in an atom as occupying one of a set of possible energy levels. If it has energy E1 and it absorbs a photon of energy E2 minus E1, it'll move to energy level E2. If it's in energy level E4, it can emit a photon of energy E4 minus E3 and move to energy level E3 and so on. Now we look at some details of circular orbits in the hydrogen atom. The next two slides contain a bit of math in the interest of completeness. There's no need to follow them closely. At the end there's a simple takeaway. The nucleus, a proton, with positive charge E is essentially fixed at the center of the atom. The electron with negative charge minus E and mass M orbits at a radius R, moving with velocity V around a circle. We use units in which the magnitude of the electric force is E squared over R squared. Newtonian mechanics tells us that force equals mass times acceleration, and you can show that the acceleration of a circular orbit is velocity squared over radius. The result is an equation MV squared over R equals E squared over R squared. Multiplying both sides by R over 2 converts the left side to the expression for the electron's kinetic energy, one half MV squared, and this equals one half E squared over R. In smaller orbits the electron moves faster and has more kinetic energy. In addition to this kinetic energy, the total energy of the atom also has a contribution from the binding energy between the proton and electron. This potential energy is zero when the two are infinitely far apart. As the electron moves closer to the proton, the potential energy becomes increasingly negative. Negative energy means we have to put energy into the system to pull the electron back to infinite distance. At distance R, potential energy is minus E squared over R. Comparing this to the kinetic energy, we see that potential energy is minus 2 times kinetic energy, so the total energy, kinetic plus potential, is minus the kinetic energy, minus one half E squared over R. Even though the electron's kinetic energy increases as it orbits closer to the proton, this is more than offset by the decrease in potential energy, and therefore the electron is more strongly bound to the atom the closer it gets to the proton. Now Bohr proposes a way to determine which orbits form discrete stationary states that can exist without suffering radiation collapse. We've seen that Planck's constant is at the heart of quantum theory. It has units of energy times time, which are the same units as momentum times distance. This combination of units is important in classical physics and is called action. Since Planck's constant has units of action, maybe action comes in discrete chunks of size H. The action of a circular orbit is the momentum M times V times the distance around the orbit circle to pi R. Now suppose this has to be an integer N times Planck's constant. We call N the quantum number of the orbit, and we say that the orbit is quantized. If we divide by 2 pi, and define H over 2 pi to be H bar, then we have the simpler expression M times V times R equals N times H bar. Now N times V times R is called the angular momentum of the orbit. We say that H bar is the quantum of angular momentum. We propose that only orbits with angular momentum equal to an integer times H bar are stationary. This is Bohr's quantization rule. Previously we saw that Mv squared equals E squared over R. We can manipulate this to find that the quantity MvR squared equals Mre squared and solve for the radius. We find that the nth radius, Rn, equals N squared times a constant. We call this constant A0, the Bohr radius, and we find its value to be 5.3 times 10 to the minus 11th meters. The orbit's energy is minus E squared over 2 Rn, and plugging in values we arrive at the following result. The energy corresponding to orbit with quantum number N equals minus 13.6 electron volts over N squared. An electron volt is a convenient unit of energy. It's equal to what a single electron gains when it passes through a 1 volt battery. The 1 over N squared dependence of orbital energy in Bohr's model explains the 1 over N squared and 1 over k squared terms in the Reidberg formula. This is simply the wavelength corresponding to a transition from the kth orbit to the nth orbit. For instance, the red line in the Balmer series is produced by a transition from the third to the second orbit. Bohr's model had explained the observed hydrogen spectrum, and this was hailed as a great triumph. But as with the photon concept, it came at a conceptual price. Let's sketch out the first three orbits of hydrogen. An electron in the third orbit can transition to the second orbit and emit red light, or it can jump to the first orbit and emit ultraviolet light. How does this happen? To get from the third orbit to the first orbit, wouldn't the electron somehow have to go through the second orbit, and if it did, wouldn't that create red light? The answer to this is our old friend the quantum jump. The electron jumps from one orbit to another, and a discrete amount of energy at a single wavelength is generated in the process. The jump happens at random with some characteristic probability. There's no deterministic mechanism proposed to explain how this occurs. That an electron starting in the third orbit can generate light of two different frequencies, depending on what orbit it ends up in, shows that it is not the orbital frequency of the third orbit that determines the radiation frequency, yet that is what classical physics unmistakably requires. So we seem to have broken away from classical electromagnetic theory, which is troubling, since that theory has been experimentally validated to a very high degree. But, Bohr pointed out with his correspondence principle, the break is not as sharp as it might seem. Classically, the radiation frequency should equal the orbital frequency. The orbital frequency is the electron velocity divided by the length of the orbit. The radiation frequency, from orbit N to orbit N-1, is just the difference of the orbital energies divided by Planck's constant. It's true that these are different for small values of N, but as N gets very large, the values converge. On this graph we show in red, Bohr's prediction for the radiation frequency, for different quantum numbers, from 1 on the left to 100 on the right. In blue we plot the orbital frequency, and we can see that they converge for large values of the quantum number N, that is, for large orbits. Thus, the quantum theory smoothly branches off from classical theory. The difference becomes prominent at very small scales, that is, for very small orbits, very small quantum numbers. We have the guiding principle that for large quantum numbers, quantum mechanics should correspond to classical mechanics. There were some indications that Bohr's theory might work for other atoms and even molecules. For example, he had some success in explaining how two hydrogen atoms form a hydrogen molecule. The two positive protons repel each other. But if the two electrons circle between them in a quantized Bohr orbit, the proton-electron attractions more than offset the proton-proton repulsion. Bohr showed that a stable molecular configuration results. Here's a page from Bohr's notebook showing how he thought these ideas could be applied to more complicated molecules. Ultimately, however, he had only very limited success. A new breakthrough was needed. That breakthrough came in 1924 when the concept of wave particle duality was applied to the electron by Louis de Broglie. De Broglie's hypothesis was this. Quantum theory had shown that light, which is classically a wave, has both wave and particle properties. Specifically, if the wavelength is lambda, then photons of light have a momentum equal to Planck's constant over lambda. De Broglie has suggested that wave particle duality might be a general principle of nature. Therefore, an electron, which is classically a particle with momentum p equals mass times velocity, should also have an associated wavelength given by Planck's constant over momentum. Now consider the situation when an integer number of electron wavelengths fit into an electron's orbit. The electron wave would repeat, constructively reinforcing itself and forming a stationary state. But, if the orbit is not an integer number of wavelengths, then the electron wave destructively interferes with itself and no stationary state is possible. The circumference of an orbit is 2 pi r, and we want this to equal an integer n times the wavelength. Lambda is h over p, and p is m times v. Multiplying through by mv, and dividing by 2 pi, and recalling our definition of h bar as h over 2 pi, we end up with mvr equals n h bar, which is precisely Bohr's quantization formula. It seems that the discrete radiation spectra of atoms might be a natural consequence of wave particle duality. But is there any evidence for this? Do electrons actually exhibit any wave properties? Well, from as early as 1927, experiments have repeatedly shown that yes, electrons do exhibit wave properties. For example, we've seen that the double slit experiment with light is a powerful demonstration of photon wave particle duality. The same experiment performed with electrons likewise shows a combination of the particle and wave behavior, an electron wave forming an interference pattern. From wave particle duality, it immediately follows that electrons, like photons, must be subject to the uncertainty principle. Therefore, we see that the Bohr model's picture of an electron at a specific place in an orbit moving with a specific momentum cannot be correct. If we want to unlock the secrets of the atom, we're going to need to move even farther away from classical concepts.


ybe see you on the circuit.  Look forward to seeing you. You too. Maybe, they may- Go DMA. They may find replacements for us. I mean, you know, we, but if not, we'll see you here again next campaign. But I know that you've got a party to get back to and results to watch. So don't stay up too late. It may go into tomorrow or the next day, but we'll be watching them with you and wish you all the best. All right, great. Thanks so much for doing this. Thank you. Thank you, and go DMA. I love that. Don't get any access. So we will take a look at... Oh, no, I'm not gonna take a look at anything. I'm gonna talk to Supervisor Bill Dodd, I believe is on the phone, running for the Fourth Assembly District. Good evening, are you there? I sure am. Wonderful, welcome. We have been watching the preliminary results come in. We haven't been watching it county by county. We've looked at Yolo County and then looked at the Secretary of State's website. And you are in a convincing lead district wide and would appear that you will be one of the two on the ballot in November, but it's early yet. And so, of course, me declaring anything doesn't make it so. But you are certainly in a convincing lead with the few precincts that are reporting in so far. How do you feel about how the evening's going? Well, I think, you know, just visiting with our red star voters in Napa County and he's just, you know, he's done this for something like 30 years and, you know, well, I will respect the final results, obviously. He just feels like, you know, at this point, these numbers are gonna be very, very hard to overcome and I'm very, very gratified with that.  Yeah, it will be, I think, probably a long night and maybe into the days to come, depending on how many absentee ballots were turned in at polling places, those always take longer to count. So, and I know that there are quite a few of those here in Yolo County. So I know that it's early yet, even though it's 1030 in the evening, it's early yet for anyone to declare anything, but it does look like, and not, I don't think surprising. I think the pundits for many weeks or not months here in Yolo County have been saying with two Yolo County, well, really three, including Charlie, Yolo County candidates that divides the vote and so you had less competition from your home territory and so I think that the race is shaping up the way we would expect it. It's just who will be in that number two spot and be your competition for November. Right, I think you're so right. It was very fortunate to have four guys, it's actually four because I just recall even though he wasn't really present during this race, there's four guys from Yolo County and so I was very fortunate to have that. And I think you're right, it's gonna be either Dan Walker or Charlie Shout in that second place, Yolo position and that's kind of what it really looks like here at my campaign headquarters right now. Right, right, right. And so it will be interesting to see how that goes as the votes come in. Traditionally in Yolo County and countywide races, we say, and of course I am sitting in Davis is saying this, but we traditionally say that as Davis goes, so goes the county. And really until recently that has been the case because there's more registered voters in Davis and more reliable voters than anywhere else in the county. So I don't know that that's still the case. We've had, West Sacramento has had quite a bit of growth and Woodland has had quite a bit of growth but I think that it will be interesting to see how, when the Davis votes come in, if that changes, who's in the number two spot district wide heading into November, so. Yeah, I agree, I think that's gonna be anybody's guess at this point. It looks like Shout does have a pretty good lead at this point though. Right, right. And I know there's quite a few people who are trying to familiarize themselves with Charlie. I've known him for a number of years and he's lived in Esparto for quite some time. But he's an unknown quantity for a lot of folks in this part of Yolo County. So we look forward to getting to know you better. We hope that you will avail yourself of the opportunities to reach out to people here through Davis Media Access and hope that you'll come in and visit with us sometime and we will watch the results as they continue tonight and let you get back to your party and wish you the best of luck. Well, listen, thank you very much and I will take you up on that invitation. This is gonna be job number one, it's for me to get to particularly if I wed against Charlie Shout, is to get to Yolo County and make the presence and really do a good job there. And frankly, I hope to do a good job for Yolo County, particularly Davis and Sloan Sloan and Mariko Yamada has done for Napa County as our representative and I hope that I can get to know more voters in that area. Well, we have a great farmers market and you will find that- I've heard about that. You will find that you need to have a team there every Saturday and I think they set up about 6 a.m. Okay, well I look forward to seeing you. Yeah, all right. Okay, we'll look forward to meeting you at the farmers market. Take care. Thanks so much for calling, I appreciate it. Take care, thank you. All right. We are fortunate to be joined tonight in the studio with yet another city council candidate and the man who is the leader and has been the leader all evening, of course 5.9% of the votes are in.  But as I said in the beginning and people who know me, I speak my mind. I'm not surprised that you were the leader. You've run an incredible campaign. I don't know if you heard Bob Dunning when he was here, but he talked about that he thought you had the biggest, you know, stretch to make up that you were running against people whose name was known in the community and you did that. You did that with a lot of hard work and obviously a lot of dedicated volunteers. No one does this alone. Absolutely, yeah. You'd have to be Superman to be in that many places all at the same time.  You've had a campaign that was on a straight trajectory and obviously a good group of people. So, who would you like to thank and what? Well, yeah, many people, I mean, you really hit it. It was a great team. It was a great team of people and I'm really proud of them and I'm proud to be able to be part of them. I have to start with my wife who, you know, she laid down the ground rules at the beginning about how this was gonna be in terms of what I could and couldn't bring home and she enforced that but kept the space that we had non-anxious, supportive and I love her. We've been married 33 years nearly. Congratulations. Yeah, thanks. And her support and just her commitment to helping, she did a lot of the stuff that any other team member would do, you know. I think that's what's cool about a local election like there's everybody, the friends and everybody gets involved. My team, my core team, Dick Livingston was my, you know, was the chair, Mount Hubbard, the treasurer. Claire Goldstein did all of the walk sheets and we walked every precinct in the city. We did 15 precincts twice. Oh my gosh. And she organized it all along with help from Robert Canning who originally helped put the list together. Matt Williams helped put the list together. Carolyn Hinshaw was a core team member who just walked constantly, was at the market every Saturday. We started marketing, we started at the market February 15th. We have done every week since February 15th. We have walked precincts every three or four times a week since the beginning of April and the end of March really. So Carolyn's been involved in that. Michelle Malay put out all the lawn signs, delivered them, has been at the market every week, taken it up, put it down. And a lot of lawn signs. A lot of lawn signs, about 450 people hosted signs for us. And those are not on neutral corners, those are in people's yards. And those are friends and people we've met. That's important. I mean, you've worked hard. I didn't even know who you were.  Yeah, I think what it is is we had that core team and I know I miss someone and I don't wanna miss anybody. It'll come back to me later. But then what it was was friends and colleagues who just, I was, we had 36 hosted events in people's homes. It was about 12 to 15 people in each. That's individual people who open up their homes, invite their friends, invite their neighbors. Those were amazing events. We had all, I counted today, we had more than 60 people walk precincts, different people. We had more than 20 people work the table at the market. I mean, it was a broad community effort. It was a broad, and then in addition, those who put out signs in their yards, those who attended coffees. So, we set out to do a very grassroots thing and I think we accomplished that. And frankly, Brett Lee, who was also a member of the core team, and Dick said, this is the way we're gonna do it. Ken Wagstaff, who read all of my, everything that I wrote, three of them got together and said, this is the way we're gonna do it. We're gonna meet people in their homes. We're gonna meet people at the market, meet people at the coffees. We're gonna get the word out through just knocking on doors. And that's what we did. And I'm really, that's why I'm proud of them because we just put into place a plan. We worked that plan and the results are not in our hands but what we did do, I think we did effectively again, just a lot of non-anxiousness, a lot of just good, solid work, looking at each other in the eye and saying we're gonna do this. Yeah, yeah. And now you totally understand O and P. Yeah, well, I do. I mean, I understand. As much as anyone can. Yeah, no, I do. I mean, we've talked, I mean, we've talked, all of us, all of the candidates, and I think we've been very focused in an appropriate way on the fiscal challenges of the city. And though, measure O, I think others have probably said, I think it can only be seen as a temporary fix. I mean, the structural issues, getting total compensation in the line, figuring out how we can expand our revenue base. Those are the challenges of the, that are ongoing for this next council. I mean, we have many opportunities. So I think, I've supported O because I think it provides us with some breathing room to put into place. But we gotta move quickly to move into, especially the revenue expansion pieces, which is our downtown, which is maybe the innovation parks. Capitalizing on all that wonderful innovation that comes off of UCD and not letting it slip away. Well, and that's it.  I mean, I really want us to have a grown-up relationship with the university and really talk about our mutual needs, the positive and negative externalities that exist because we rub up against each other, but we're two very different entities. We're a representative democracy in every sense of the word and a fully engaged population. That is not an efficient way of making decisions, but so what? That's what we want. Well, the university isn't that. They're part of a federation. They answer to different stakeholders, but our futures are bound up. We need what flows from that university in terms of innovations, and they need us. They need a good community to welcome students and faculty and the leadership. Our futures bound up, and it's also bound up with our farmland around our edges because without that resource, this university wouldn't be here. And the innovations that are flowing are largely linked to that, feeding the world. So it's this amazing thing that we just need to figure out constantly ways to capitalize and build that relationship at all levels. It's a ladder of relationships from getting students in to do research on city issues to the really macro level, how are we gonna work on Nishi property together and those types of things. And the opportunities are there. I hope I can help provide, if I'm elected, some of the leadership that would help continue to move that relationship in a good direction. Well, I think you totally understand the full picture. So. It's a big picture. It's a complex picture. But you seem to have it in your mind how to work it. So I hope it's all good news. This is the lady who's seen a lot of candidates. This is the lady who's seen a lot of candidates. She remembers when Jerry Adler was young. Yeah. Well, I think all of us are in this really amazing learning experience. And that's what I really love about campaigning is that it's not just, we talked about the work out in the field. But the resources that we have in this town to draw on for learning, if I wanna know something about water, if I wanna know something about issues related to, I know, POU, there are people in this town who are not just local experts. They're state, national, dare I say, even world experts on those issues. Right here. So our learning, it's like having an opportunity to take a free graduate level course when you sit down and talk to folks. No, it is. And it's just over and over. And so, though it's complex, we have an opportunity to engage in a tremendous amount of ongoing learning, which I've been so energized by. Oh, I have. It's been just amazing. Obviously, I mean, here it is almost 11 o'clock. And I know you've been working like crazy. You've probably been up since early this morning. Copy.  This is amazing. This is a good sign because council meetings can sometimes go late. That's what I understand. I think I've been doing a few. It's better than it was. It's better than it was. And much more collegial than it's been in a number of years. And I see that continuing in the future, no matter who ends up in the top two positions once the votes are finally counted. It will. You know what? What council is, is people bringing their gifts to the table to collectively solve problems. And as we honor each other's gifts on that council, we'll work together. Doesn't mean we won't have conflicts. We should welcome conflict at a certain level. But we'll work together to move initiatives forward. I have full confidence in that. Yeah, no, I think, and this is a town that does, in a sense, welcome conflict. We should. And we should. We should. We need to do with it productively. Right, but difficult decisions require hearing more than just one side and not rubber stamping. And we don't do that. And I don't see us doing that in the future. And, but it does look like as, but it's really early results. Yeah, we're not gonna say anything. No. What our team is thankful for is that we achieved what we set out to do. And we're proud of what, we're proud of that. The results, the people that are voting, they have a lot of reasons for voting the way they vote. And if they elect me, I'll gladly serve. If they don't, then I'm gonna go back to the community and work on the things I'm working on. Restore of justice, I'm gonna keep working with issues related to homelessness and addiction. I'm gonna keep teaching kids how to bike safely. My dad, I don't know, I know you guys probably need to move on, but I wanna, my dad passed over Memorial Day weekend. And I wanted to honor his memory tonight. And what my dad taught me, among many things, and we didn't agree politically, was faithfulness, faithfulness to the task, and integrity in doing a task.  And I saw the faithfulness to my mom. I saw the faithfulness to all the things he was involved in. And what that meant was, there were times when he was called on to play a leadership role in a very high profile way, but most of the leadership he provided was in the small things. And if I'm given the opportunity to provide leadership in that Davis-wise, high profile way, I'll accept it. If not, there are a lot of places in this community to operate, live, work, serve, and I'll continue to value that just as much as I have in the past. But we won't see the end of you, so it's wonderful. I live here. This is my town. This is my home. This is our home, right? Yeah, that's wonderful. That's what a wonderful sentiment because so many times people run for office for the first time. Lamar Haystack is one that I bring up time and time again with people. He ran a very dedicated young man, very focused, and he didn't make it the first time. And he didn't let that stop him. He worked hard. You talk about walking precincts. He was walking precincts in January. He's an amazing guy. Daniel Perrella's done the same thing. I mean, you gotta give a big hand to Daniel because every time I was out walking, it seemed like I run into him. And he was out there week after. I know you were out shoes. And he's following Lamar's footsteps. We need that type of dedication. We need to see it. We need to be part of it. We want to be part of it. We want to be part of that commitment process. And I'm excited to see people stepping up like that. I want to make it clear. If I don't win this time, I'm gonna stay in the community. I'm not gonna come back and do this again. So you won't proceed in me in four years. But you never know. You never say no to that. And it's actually true. I made a commitment to my wife in two years. Two years, four years, six years, eight years, 10 years, doesn't matter. I personally would encourage you to do it. And she knows. She's had to be the wife of a mayor. More than one. I know. If my wife were in here, she'd say, no, we made this commitment. There's just other stuff to do in this town. And a lot of it is just gonna require a long walk in the same direction. And I want to participate in that. But one thing I would like you to encourage is for UCD students or anybody to have a bike light at night. Don't worry. We've been handing them out. We've been handing them out.  By the way, I have my light. I'm on my bike tonight. I have my light. I have a very good high-power light. We're working on this. Our new bike plant enshrines that as a top commitment. I yell out the window. I literally yell out the window. That's okay. Bike light. Do it. Keep doing it. Keep doing it. It drives me crazy. We're gonna get there. It's very dangerous. It is. It's our biggest complaint in the bike advisory commission. Totally. Yeah. Well, because it's so hard to see at night. Yeah. And a horrible accident could happen when it doesn't mean... What I've learned is it's really scary for automobile drivers. Yeah. And it's... Anyway. Yeah. Good. Well, it's... It's a pleasure meeting you. It is. You too. Wonderful. Thank you so much for having me nearby. Wonderful to you. And we look forward. For doing this. I remember following us two years ago. I really enjoyed the whole evening. This year, I didn't get to it because it was noisy everywhere. But I'll try to look at the tape and... That's right. Oh, please. Thanks for coming out and doing this. Well, we have fun doing it. At some point, they'll probably find replacements for us, but until then, we have fun. We have fun. And we're looking forward to getting to know you better. Thanks a lot. So keep up the good work and we'll watch the returns. And we will go to some returns. They're gonna show us something here and it's still the same 5.9. And it still has you there at almost 41% of the returns as they are. And not a lot has changed. That will change over the evening and in the course of the next couple of days. But let's see measure O is passing with a more comfortable margin than it was with just the absentees. And I think we will continue to watch those results. It's also really just 6% of the votes in at this point. And so a measure P is also passing. I don't remember if that's tightened up, but it's also still just 6% of the votes in. So still a lot of votes to be counted. Oscar Villegas from West Sacramento is still in the lead for County Supervisor District One, Mike McGowan, has been the District One Supervisor for 122 years. Okay, not really. But a long time. A long time. He retired and Oscar was appointed to his seat and he's now running for that. And just early returns on that as well looks like about 7% of the vote in. West Sacramento has a long way to drive their ballots just like Davis does. Maybe even a little further. He's got a lot of name recognition. But he's been there for a long time and on the council for a long time. Looks like, is that right? 50% of the votes are in for judicial. And it looks like Commissioner Boronio is on her way to being Judge Boronio. She has 52.9%. I believe that's an increased percentage wise. She's pulling away from the field slightly. If I'm reading that correctly, and that is over half of the votes in. So Yolo County returns only, but of course that's everybody that's running. And my goodness. Well, so let's see. Freddie Oakley is still in the lead. 50% of the votes counted in that race. And she's leading basically two to one against her opponent. And I guess soon to be employee that will be an interesting relationship. And it looks like Jesse Ortiz. 50% on that one is counted. It looks like Jesse Ortiz is pulling away slightly from Sam Neustad, not dramatically, 52 to 48. I think we were a little bit closer earlier in the evening. But I apologize if I'd scrambled any of that. I've been talking live since 8 p.m. And completely unscrupulous. And I have a surprise for Autumn. Oh yes, we would like. I need the package that I brought. And I also need Autumn to come in to receive something. While we're doing that, if I could just once again, if I could just once again thank our crew that starts with Diane Dodoschka, you'll probably never see her on camera. Someday maybe I'll get her to come in here. But she's an incredible woman and brings a plethora of knowledge and information about real TV studios and commercial TV operations. And we're lucky to have her. Floor manager is Dan Choi and he's been absolutely amazing. He may try to strangle us with some cord later this evening, but hopefully I can outrun him. Oh, who am I kidding? I can't outrun him. The cameras have been operated by Bryce Parker, Bill Lurfring and Cliff Gamble. Bill came back in. I see he got refreshed and rejuvenated and was able to stay with us all evening. The audio board and phones has been handled by Tyler, Una, Cho, recent addition here at Davis Media Access has been great at mic'ing all of our guests, including our executive director who is reluctantly back in the studio. Wondering what we're doing. I'm not done with my thank yous yet. Derek Service, Alex Silvassater and Jeff Shaw. Everything here takes a team effort and they're almost always a part of that team. And of course, Autumn LeBearano is our producer. And none of this would happen without her scheduling the multitude of guests and calls and what number are you gonna be at? Well, because I'm here and I'm, you know, once again for the second time, I'm never here on election night. I get to thank Andrea Jones and Leah Rosenberg for doing a great job with our show tonight. It's not an easy thing to talk for three hours. It's even more difficult to talk knowledgeably about politics and to make people feel at ease and you both do a great job. And I think this is their fourth outing as Andrea likes to call them pen and teller. Yeah, although whichever one's not supposed to talk started learning how to talk and it's great. You did a great job. So I'm curious and a little scared.  And I happened to have found an interesting article amongst my papers. Oh dear. And this is when Autumn took over the helm of DC TV in June of 2006. Wow. So we made a little... And the cast of characters is the same. The equipment has changed, but Jeff and Derek are pictured in this Davis Enterprise article with Autumn. Yeah, can you get a... And if you can get a closeup of it, they were younger and but it's the same team. The trio that has led this organization for a number of years and we're lucky to be celebrating the 25th year and thriving in our 25th year here at Davis Media Access. And with Autumn being with us since 2006. Well, she was here long before that. I've actually been here longer. In 2006 I was asked to step up as interim director and have been the director since 2007 when we changed our name to Davis Media Access and have really gone from a single channel to a media center. So it's been just my honor to lead that charge for a number of years now. And thank you for this. It was very sweet. It's a recycled frame as you can see. That's okay. There's an inscription on the back. For those of you out there who know Leah, she does collect things and there's an inscription on the back and as we were driving over, I said, well, what does that say? And it says something to Julie because the original frame was to someone. Anyway, but you know Leah, she's always got surprises. I think we've gone over the results as they stand now. I know that we will be keeping the results up and on our rotating board overnight. Overnight on channel 15. And so we, I had the experience of live tweeting tonight show all night long. Our Twitter feed is at DMA feed and hashtag Davis elections 2014. And so you can go there and find that. I'll do some more posting tomorrow to put the wrap on it. I can see we're getting the wrap it up signal. Yes. Oh, I've been getting that all night. Poor Dan. I've ignored him more than I ignore my husband. But the tweeting has gone well because you have a lot of new followers. This iPad gets a message every time you get a new follower. There you go. So if you've heard dings throughout the evening, it's a new follower for Davis Media Access and we love that. So we love that almost as much as we love a new donor. So there's still time to get your donation in to support all the wonderful work that goes on here, a local election coverage that wouldn't happen without community support and dedication of folks like Autumn and Derek and Jeff that have been around and involved for so long. And well, Cliff, Cliff was practically here with the building too. Daniel's gonna give you the hook in about a minute. I see that. Well, I'm worried. Shall we say thank you and good night? Yes, I know there's lots of parties going on out there. There's a little flurry of activity going on in here and I hope that that doesn't have anything to do with us. And for all of you at your parties, enjoy things, drive safe home and watch the results as they come in over the evening and over the next few days. And for those of you that have worked on campaigns, thank you for your dedicated. And faithful to the candidates too. That's right. It takes a lot to put your name on the ballot. It really does. And hats off to all those folks. We're lucky in Davis to have as many dedicated people as we do. Thanks for tuning in. And we'll see you the next time we have one of these crazy local elections. Good night from Davis Media Access. Good night.