What's the word ladies and gentlemen, so today we're doing another reaction, but it's not to a video is not of a compilation of highlights And so on it's to an article now I've done this on my main channel a few times and y'all seem to love it there But I think it's more of a reaction thing over anything so today's article was from Bleach report ranking every NBA Team's top three offseason trade targets and the reason why this is cool to me is because my team my Chicago Bulls is we're thinking about the offseason man. This year is over for us a lot of y'all are going to the bubble We aren't so I got to start thinking about the offseason. So ranking every team's top three offseason targets All right, let's get into it starting off with the Atlanta Hawks. They have Brandon Ingram Spencer Denwood II and Aaron Holiday Understand the Brandon Ingram 100% a sign and trade would be interesting But I don't see a world where the Pelicans are willing to get rid of Brandon Ingram Maybe I'm out of the loop on something but I do think that he fits pretty well with what they're trying to build Right, I mean right now. They're heading on to the bubble They have a good potential to end up taking an eight seed after the schedule was released and Brett Naked was an all-star this year.  Who's only what 23 24 sign and trade I have to read why they think That the pelicans was signing trade the Hawks are rare for having money to spend and rare for being a rebunded club They're already unearthed a star trade young they should aggressively attack the market So understand doing like offering him something because he is restricted free agent But again, I think the pelicans are gonna match anything that people out there throw the Hawks little lose by tying up max By either the pelicans We're almost certainly match. So yes, sure. They should throw off red them But again, the pelicans will also also match specific. They would be such a nice combo guard that can run basically one through three I can understand him being a target for them because I mean He's a player that is good and the Atlanta Hawks need that they're a young team with nice young talent But they also need somebody that can help them right now like Tray young I don't know if he's officially said it, but he wants to win games You know an era holidays a good backup point guard cuz he defends and everything so understand those three next the Boston Celtics Joellen bead John Collins and Patty Mills So if they're talking about these top two John Collins and Joellen bead that has to do with a making a big-time trade What in the world if Philly dramatically shakes things up and bead could be squeezed out They might connect on a missing piece to a championship puzzle My costume Jaylen Brown, but it could get them a top 10 player in the league Philly fans, not Philly both Philly fan and Celtics fans. How would y'all feel about this? I know y'all got this on-heat rivalry going to be tween y'all So how would you feel if Joellen bead was traded to the Celtics and Brandon? I'm not Brandon cheese I'm thinking about Brandon Brandon England and Jaylen Brown was traded to the Again, this is very hypothetical They would have to basically depend on how this this bubble works if Philly just gets destroyed in the first round or something That's the only way I see them trade enjoy the beat and even then There's excuses for them getting eliminated in the first round, right boys. They play basketball the four anyway John Collins would be a similar situation where they would have to make a trade form and Patty Mills Sure Brooklyn Nets is an interesting Bradley Bill Victor. Deepa Rudy Gobert and all of those the trade targets dealing with like carriage Laverne dealing with one of the I would guess Jared Jared Allen because Deandre Jordan is close friends with Kyrie and Kevin Durant, so they not trading him away So it would have to do with Formulating the trade packets for all three of these guys, but it has been rumors for having Bradley bill for sure Victor depots interesting one because they'd be taking a flyer on a guy who hasn't looked a hundred percent in like a year or so Mostly because he's not a hundred percent, right and really go bear and that is contingent on like How the jazz that's depend on what they want to do right with a whole corona virus and then don't admit you Be a pretty upset about catching it from really go bear They said that was nothing but also something that's interesting with Rudy go bear is that he's up for a max extension and not just a max a Super max extension and the Utah Jazz are gonna have to figure out Hey, it's good of a player Rudy go beard is is he worked the super max? They have to figure that out But Rudy go bear added to that team defensively would be ridiculous all these players added to this team would be ridiculous because it puts them in a legit big three a legit big three situation next team The Charlotte Hornets and they're just trying they're trying to get any type of assets restrict the free agency sign and trades make sense I'm not gonna go too deep into the Charlotte Hornets. They're rebuilt a team They have some good assets in Vonte Graham and PJ Watson. They're probably want to build around I do think Christian would it be such a nice pickup for them I really do but I don't see the detour pisses letting Christian will go because Christian would had a very very good second half For the season next team Chicago boys drew holiday Josh Richardson and Mo Bamba I read an article recently with this the same author author of this article was saying that Zach Levin can get traded for Terrence Ross and Mo Bamba No, no, no, I like Mo But bro, what? Jew holiday would be tough though. Jew holiday would be tough, but then that's also a trade situation Jew holiday. Yeah, it's too rich. Chicago. What do they Wait, Chicago could take a long look at holiday who can play the one both or neither of the Next next next next Cleveland Cavaliers acquire draft picks 100% you got Kamala. You have Larry Nance They have players that could get you late first round picks early seconds get draft picks Nazir little I don't think the Blazers would give up on him the Blazers I think they really do like him and Troy Brown jr. Cool next team The Dallas Mavericks. Can you imagine the picking up any of these options again? It would be A trade scenario which would be interesting because they did throw in so many picks to get poor zingas I don't even know what type of assets they'd have to give up to get one of these three players I mean, you'd have to do throw tim hardaway jr. For the money aspect But like what what else do they have to offer because again Thanks to the what is it stifling them where you can't throw back to back years of picks And whether they throw three first round of their own picks and like two picks from like the Miami heat So it's like I don't know how they make these deals happen. I would love to see it get another powerhouse in the NBA But I just don't know if that's really feasible next team Yes, I've been saying drew holiday on the nuggets For a long time because him him and Gary Harris are similar players as far as them being elite defenders But you holiday is just so much better on the offensive side of the ball than Gary Harris um, so I could see A straight up flip I can see a straight up flip if the pelicans are like, you know, we want to get younger We have a player that we think can be similar to drew holiday Except for Gary. Here's is not an on ball player like drew holiday like a he can run point guard Either way, we want to get a little bit younger. So we'll get this guy who had who's had had great seasons Like a couple years ago. He was averaging 18 points per game this year. He's averaging 10 So he he's just his offensive game has went somewhere and maybe the pelicans feel like they can bring it out So let's trade our old vet for the younger version of him and then a different nuggets looks so much better But he's soluble I don't think Philly's trading him away and alfred Camino does make sense But he got a big time baggy for his standards Uh, Detroit draft picks John Collison Dennis Smith jr 100 agree with number one and number three John Collison's name has been on a lot of different stuff I just don't see a world where the Elena Hawks are like just willingly trading him away I do think trade young and him are a nice duo and I think they love playing together So it'll just be really weird for them to up and trade him away after just a few seasons of his NBA career Especially considering he has been very very good, especially this year. Next the warriors Cut it out I know it's a possibility y'all, but I hate to see stuff like this. I hate to see it. What are y'all whispering about? Oh, brother, it's just like when LeBron was whispering to Lonzo and then later that year or the next season LeBron was playing for the Lakers with Lonzo I don't want to see it happen. So I'm gonna skip it Um John Collins would fit with the Warriors do same thing with mouse turner because he defends the paint But he also adds a different aspect the Warriors team hasn't had and that's a stretch five next team The Rockets similar situation if they if the Rockets are gonna go big again They need a guy that can shoot the three ball and mouse turner would be that I don't know Lamarcus Aldridge or how he would fit in the way that they used to Rockets run basketball Um, but Doug may durment a shooter. Sure. I just I'm going to see what they say Lamarcus is older More expensive alternatives Isn't quite as comfortable bit in this time on a perimeter. So yeah, why would you even consider that next? Team will be the Indiana Pacers Gordon Hayward feels like a Pacers type player. I don't know why please tell me if I'm tripping Kara Slavart, Harrison Barnes And that would have to do with trading mouse turner in any of these situations because the Celtics need a center Um, I guess the Nets don't need another center. They already got two and Harrison Barnes and then they could use in the I could this is why they put them in a picture together because in this hypothetical situation, they're traded for each other next The Clippers Cal No way imagine they team back up They get another ring to gather but in a different city a Cal Lauri Stephen Adams Andre Drummond, um, that's one of the big things about the Clippers is their center rotation Of course, you trust Montrez Harrow, but even him being a six seven center He's going to have trouble defending some of the better centers in the league Stephen Adams does that well and All the flak I give drum and he is uh, he is at least in the slightly above average defender So that those make sense. But again trading scenarios would be kind of iffy Lakers special identity buddy. He'll dare rose. I'm glad they didn't give the Lakers anything like too catastrophic like brally bill Uh, we want you to get CJ McCullough because those aren't really realistic But special identity is realistic dare rose is 100% realistic We had rumors about that when the trade that line popped up It was like dare rose for a first round pick and cow kuzma I like all of these assets for them 100% would help them out I would love to see dare rose end up there because A higher chance of winning the championship than him in Detroit But the pistons their owners said that they believe that blade griffin and dare rose are there for the future So I don't know what the heck they're doing next Miffus grizzlies lorry marketing Kevin herder and cow kuzma Marketing will be perfectly provided. He's available. He's been poorly unhappy with the bulls yada yada And that had to do with the way he was saying is that hey if there's not changes in the front office Then I don't want to be here, but we may change in the front office So I'm guessing he's here to stay, but anything can happen in the NBA I don't know what I would want from them to trade lorry marketing the way But um, he would fit what they're doing as far as the Miffus grizzlies go So yeah, I can see that I can see that Kevin herdy to add a more floor space and the cow kuzma Similar to like lorry marketing and select far as a four that can stretch the floor Next team Miami heat. Yannis Jolin v Bradleyville Okay, so we talking big time trades Um, out to kubo has a friendship with And the same agent is bam out of bio and bead considers butler a brother And bio has a deep respect for the franchise So in this situation all of those young assets that the Miami heat have are going out the window For a chance at one of these three stars and if I'm a Miami heat fan I'm cool with that because if you add yannis your roster your championship contender If you add Jolin beats your roster your chat you so on and so forth, you know and you would see Hypothetically keep bam in some of these trades. I don't know if you're trading for yannis and keeping bam though You know what I'm saying? If I'm the bucks and I have to trade yannis because he has notified me that he won't resign I want bam in that train I want bam in that train next the bucks chris paul Another team knows rumored uh for chris paul this trade deadline, but they were doing so well They're like we're gonna keep chris paul for the remainder of the season Um, he would definitely add another aspect to the Milwaukee bucks um Some leadership, even though it don't seem like they lack leadership right now Just an upgrade at point guard from from um Eric let's go Future first round picks. All right Next team is the minnesota timberwolves another player that's always been rumored to end up there And that is erin gordon auto ported jr. Interesting interesting. What do y'all what would you give us for auto ported?  He is available I don't know what the heck they'd give us but these are good offers. I don't know if fregney lakina That's a fregney lakina doesn't even change a scenery. I say that But um, they already have josh akogi who's an above average defender that can Fend one through threes he imagine a lineup of fregney lakina josh akogi. How are you scoring the ball? How? But I can understand one of three and d players when you have the angelo russell in car anthony towns Next team is the pelicans Similar situation now. We're just getting kind of back your fourth here. My turner Um, I was hoping that they would make a deal for him before this season even started because with ziya You don't want a big that's gonna clog up the paint. So my turner helps there same thing with lorry marketing and duck and robison Obviously add some more floor spacing new york nicks If i'm the nicks, i'm like give me anything any asset i'll take John collins jerick over and anthony simons All players that they would be willing to take a flyer on again I don't know a situation when the ellenah hawks are trading John collins to the nicks like what do the nicks have are they trading them for a top five picker or something? I don't really know next team Okay, see draft picks mckell bridges and denison jr. Sure. Okay. See keep out on the draft picks, baby Next team rilando magic zack levin carousel vert blake griffin You want to take on that blade griffin contract because I wouldn't I wouldn't Um, but again, this is the same guy that said that zack levin is going to get traded for or could get traded for tarence ross and mobamba Can't see it happening. Can't see it happening Next team philly give y'all drew holiday buddy here to chris paul all added different elements of the team Um, they knew they need shot creation and all these guys can do that All these guys can do that next team philly lorry market is just on everybody's list Who would they give us what they give us like? mckell bridges and something I don't even know I don't even know average the fourth fewest fans this season But lorry market is from arizona I love lorry marketer And I know he went to arizona, but I promise you if the sun's trade for lorry marketing That's not gonna bring fans to come watch him because he went to arizona right Or my tripping or arizona fans just that crazy. They're like, you know what lorry market is here You can we'll take this guy if y'all want this guy deal. Okay deal next team Portland trail blazers. Let's get wild. Yes, you are Uh, sure the blazers can focus on another round of marginal upgrades No one in the adi adi adi adi yet cut a ties a season of column So that the deal that they're thinking about it's been since the season of column and other prospects and draft picks Philly, what's up, bro I wouldn't accept this deal personally if i'm philly because ben simmonds are so good, you know what i'm saying? He's so good kings micah porta jr. Safe. They said that betrayed their lives I don't even know why you throwing him anything They said there's only only a few players in our roster that are untouchable and micah porta jr Was one of them, but they also have cow kuzma and then jaren aller The spurs get draft pick spurs. I'm sorry. This might this is the time to hit your rebuild It's gonna be the first year and 20 plus years where you don't make the playoffs probably because you don't have lemarkis And you're pretty far behind anyway So get your draft picks grow with your young players Does jante murder one of the best young players in the league? If you ask me, I think it's future super bright So just keep getting younger and um, I know that don't sound good to pop Then we have the Toronto Raptors sure go out there try to make that deal.  Um, wow the respect the adi adi adi adi Okay, whatever. Utah Jazz Namani be a lid to kema loves that Collins ad floor spacing Cool, all of these guys do exactly that some better than others But yeah, okay next team the last team watched it was just tyler hero micah porta jr. Julie's randall In this situation, are you trading John wall? Before even entertaining the idea of how 30 year old John wall looks coming off an achilles tear There just hasn't been much success between the two. So they're saying hey, let's split that up Interesting article man. Interesting interesting article. I agree with some things a lot of things I did not But I always love to see different point of views and read up on what other people believe Leave a like on the video man. I'll be back. Peace


Amorphogenesis is the process of breaking down the structure of cellulose fibers so that they become more accessible to enzymes. Various agents have been proposed to induce amorphogenesis, including non-hydrolytic proteins, surfactants, and other chemicals. These agents can increase the surface area of the cellulose fibers, making them easier for enzymes to break down. This article was authored by Sadler Jacken and Ehrens Valdir.


As in the movie, three men shot Seal to death as he sat outside a Salvation Army in Baton Rouge in his White Cadillac. He died on February 19th, 1986, and three Colombian men were convicted of his murder. Even if some of the specifics vary, the film is true to two essential elements of Seal's story. One, he made a hell of a lot of money. Estim's range from $50 million to $5 billion. In any case, it all seems to have disappeared. Secondly, Seal was a man caught between a rock and a hard place. As his brother Wendell said, he had become entangled in so many relationships, it was hard to tell who were the good guys and who were the bad guys.


Fall Guys is the unexpected smash hit video game of 2020 from the United Kingdom-based studio Media Tonic. Within the first week, the game managed to get over 2 million people playing on Steam and even more over on PlayStation 4. Since then, the game has grown exponentially. What's even more impressive is that Fall Guys hasn't even launched on the Xbox or Nintendo Switch yet. Before a game to have this much success is unprecedented and after weeks of debating on getting the game, I finally decided to get it the other day. My son has been watching some of his favorite YouTubers like Markiplier and video game Donkey play the game and he's been wanting to try it too. The bad news is that he's primarily an Xbox player but the good news is that we can hook up the Xbox controller to my computer to play on Steam. Within the first 24 hours of getting the game, I was still pretty bad but my son managed to get his first crown. As a father, many people hope their son will grow up to find a cure for cancer or become president but I'm satisfied that he managed to get his first crown faster than Tim the Batman. But today, we're not going to poke fun at Tim. We're going to dive into the psychology of how this game blew up and has continued to grow. Each year there are thousands and thousands of video games that are released and most of them you've never heard of. So for a relatively unknown developer to make such a huge splash in a short time, it's definitely worth analyzing. Recently, I've been absolutely fascinated with the topic of luck versus skill. If you watched my recent video about the influencer debate, I touch on the fact that when you look at the current zeitgeist, it's not always apparent why something is popular but something else isn't. Fall Guys is an absolutely amazing game and it's extremely addictive. But by analyzing how it gains so much attention, there are many key lessons that we can learn. Even if you're not a gamer, there are good reasons why we should look at what becomes popular because it happens in all aspects of our lives. By applying critical thinking and having a better understanding of the world, we can understand why predictions from politics to movie releases are often wrong and how certain bad ideas spread. It's also important to really be able to separate luck versus skill because sometimes we focus on the wrong things in our own lives. Whether you're a content creator or someone just trying to work your way up the corporate ladder, understanding how Fall Guys was able to succeed can help us in our own lives. Before we move forward, I have a question for you. Did you know that people in the military who are from rural backgrounds are in better spirits at war than people from city backgrounds? If you're like most people, of course you knew that. People from these areas are hard-working tough guys, so they're used to the type of labor that goes into going into the military. And it makes perfect sense because a lot of these city folk are wusses and aren't used to hard work and perseverance. Well, I'm sorry, but I actually lied. This is from a study done by the famous sociologist Paul Lazarsfield. And he did this to prove that people tend to think things are obvious after they receive the information. In fact, I first learned about this study from the amazing book by sociologist Duncan Watts called Everything Is Obvious Once You Know The Answer. We all have a friend where we tell them something and they say, well, of course, because to them everything is obvious. Right now there are many gaming journalists and gamers alike saying, of course Fall Guys was a success and will point to reasons that they couldn't have possibly predicted before the launch of the game. We also watch pundits who try to explain the results to us by saying everything was obvious, but research from Phillip Tetlock in his book Super Forecasting, The Art and Science of Prediction, shows us that quote unquote experts are often no better at predictions than the average person. So if we don't want to be that annoying friend who always acts like everything is obvious and if we want to have a better understanding when we see quote unquote experts discuss results in the news, we can start by looking at the psychology behind the success of Fall Guys. In this first section, we're going to discuss what Fall Guys did right and how you can apply these lessons to your own life. But before we get started, if you're new to the Rewired Soul, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. Here we take a look at various subjects and use critical thinking to not only analyze them but to improve our emotional intelligence and overall well-being. And as always, if you're interested in checking out any of the books that I mentioned in this video, there are affiliate links down in the description, which means that when you get the books with my links, some of it comes back to help support the channel. In his book, The Luck Factor, psychologist Richard Wiseman explains how a lot of success is dependent on being in the right place at the right time. Wiseman is a leading psychologist when it comes to studying the inner workings of what we perceive as luck. If there's one takeaway that I got from this book, it's this. You can't succeed if you don't take a chance. So one of the first aspects of Fall Guys taking off is the fact that the game developers decided to allocate time, money, and resources to a simple game with costume jelly beans running around different levels. Something Michael Rayner discusses in his book, The Strategy Paradox, is how when a company or person takes an action, there's no telling if it'll be a hit. As we discussed earlier, there are thousands and thousands of unknown games released each year, but we don't know of most of them. There might be games that are extremely similar to Fall Guys, but Fall Guys came out on top. Whenever discussing luck versus skill, I think it's natural to get a little defensive, and I'm sure many of you have already left comments talking about how amazing Fall Guys is, and I absolutely agree. Author and researcher Michael Mabhausen in his book, The Success Equation explains how there's a luck skill continuum. The team behind Fall Guys was able to capitalize on aspects of the game and the launch that required skill while leaving the rest up to the universe. As someone who works in branding and marketing, I can't even begin to explain how amazing the social media team is for Fall Guys. Within weeks, the Fall Guys Twitter account gained hundreds of thousands of followers and currently sits at over 1 million followers. Now that everything is obvious, part of you may want to say, well of course it blew up. All of the big streamers like Ninja and Tim the Tatman and YouTubers like Markiplier are playing it. While it is true that influencers can help greatly, it's not guaranteed. Duncan Watts, who we discussed earlier, has conducted many studies trying to find correlation between influencers and products gaining a ton of traction, but this is actually few and far between. In a collaborative study that Watts conducted, titled Exploring Limits to Prediction in Complex Social Systems, they found that it's actually quite rare for influencers to be the primary cause of a cascade effect. So in the case of Fall Guys, big influencers playing definitely had an effect, but maybe not as much as we think. So if it wasn't due to the big names, what was it? To try and get closer to the answer, we're going to discuss what industrial designer Raymond Lowey calls Maya. And no, not Maya, adorable cat Maya, Maya is an acronym that stands for Most Advanced Yet Acceptable. In his book, Hitmakers, journalist Derek Thompson breaks down Maya by explaining what it means and why it's important for innovation. Unlike my moody cat Maya, we can understand the Maya theory by taking a look at what Fall Guys did right. I don't know about you, but when ordering products online first entered the world, I was pretty skeptical. Amazon started in 1995, but it didn't really blow up until years later. When Zappos began, they didn't know if they'd succeed either. Today, Zappos is a huge company located here in my hometown of Las Vegas, and the ethically questionable Jeff Bezos is the richest man in the world. My son and many others have grown up not thinking twice about ordering products online, but if you're a little older, you remember how many of us were hesitant. The reason it took so long for many of us to adapt to services like Amazon is due to something called neophobia, which is the fear of anything new. New is unknown, and the unknown is scary. If you're like me, someone who struggles with anxiety, we need to have some solid proof before we try anything new. Some of us are just control freaks, and that's why we stick to eating at the same restaurants or only hang out with the same group of friends rather than meeting anyone new. The reality is that even if you're not someone prone to anxiety or control freak, you have some level of neophobia. This is something that Raymond Lowey figured out decades ago, which is why he came up with the Maya principle. He theorized that the consumers influenced in his choice of styling by two opposing factors. A, attraction to the new, and B, resistance to the unfamiliar. Lowey stated, when the resistance to the unfamiliar reaches the threshold of a shock zone and resistance to buying sets in, the designing question has reached its Maya stage.  Well, if you haven't figured it out by now, my theory is that they did an impeccable job with the Maya principle. Fall Guys is an extremely innovative game, but like Lowey theorized, it hooked us in by being advanced while also being acceptable. When you play Fall Guys, you're having a brand new experience while also experiencing the familiar, and you can see this with the game design. The gameplay is simple by really only having three buttons, jump, dive, and grab. This makes the game familiar for old school gamers who grew up playing side scrollers on systems like the NES, Sega Genesis, and Super Nintendo. Although it's simplistic with limiting its movements to jumping, diving, and grabbing, it's on a three-dimensional landscape, which brings something more advanced. Next, they were able to combine aspects from games like Mario Party with smash hits like Fortnite. Like the classic game Mario Party, which was built for groups of friends and family, Fall Guys launched with a wide range of levels that have different challenges for you to win. But like Fortnite and its predecessor PubG, it's a battle royale setup that boils down to one final champion who grabs the crown. Finally, you see elements of Fortnite in the user interface of the game. Nowadays, many games present a similar interface with features like a battle pass as well as a shop. The battle pass encourages people to play to reach new levels, and the shop provides the developer an opportunity to make some more profit. Thankfully, in Fall Guys, many of the cosmetics can be earned through simply playing, but if you have some extra money, players are able to buy kudos to get new cosmetics. So, why was Fall Guys able to become such a success? They were able to minimize the luck factors while maximizing the skill factors. They've been killing it on social media. And they made a game that's just advanced enough while not pressuring our neophobia. Personally, I think the most important factor is that Fall Guys has taken this momentum and is running with it. Even after the initial buzz on social media died down, they continue to interact with the community a ton. And they've already given teasers for season two. But will a game like Fall Guys have the longevity of games like Fortnite have over the last few years? A lot of that will depend on the developer staying innovative while also still keeping people comfortable within the game. As we've seen with some other games, they've lost players due to trying to be too innovative. And that's when neophobia kicks back in. All right, everybody, you heard all of my theories as to why I think Fall Guys was such a smash hit. But I wanna hear from all of you down in the comments below. Let me know why you think Fall Guys has been so successful. And yes, in this video, I reference a lot of books. And as always, they're linked down in the description below all the books that I talk about. And if you're interested in topics like this, if you ever need like book suggestions, like hit me up, I love talking to people about books. But anyways, the links to all the books are down in the description below. Those are our affiliate links. So when you use my link to get the book, then we're gonna check out anyways. A little bit comes back to help support what I do here at the Rewired Soul. All right, but anyways, that's all I got for this video. If you liked this video, please give it a thumbs up. If you're new, make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell. And a huge, huge thank you to everybody out there who supports the channel over on Patreon or supports the channel by using my affiliate links or getting merch from the merch store or getting my books from the RewiredSoul.com. All right, thanks again for watching. I'll see you next time.


Going on everyone Sam here with late and sports guards doing the ran or not doing the ran We're ripping 22 23 p.m. Select basketball hobby in H2 six box mixer number three random team style So look again at your random results as always you can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the link in chat Good luck start with H2 Jake is Don't mean that Barrett shade on sharp rookie. I have to soon move nice court side Darius Garland to 49 And the red and silver Devon Bissell Kyle say was the cell going Oles steal the draft AJ Griffin Tyler here a Wendell Moore jr. 290. Yes 99 for the T wolves and Fred van Bley O'Shaik Bajie Kyrie to 75 on the court side for the Mavs and Silver Luca Disco at Bradley Beale and James Hardin Box one of each two off the board up each two number two Matherin rookie That is a Keldon Johnson red to 49 for the Spurs and Disco Malachi Branham rookie There's white Joellen bead to 75 and Jake Loravia LeBron to 99 Silver Devon Booker, that was so funny on Thursday how Mad Sean was getting I Got a gold coming off accounts Malachi Branham to 10 that is 10 of 10 nice one there Spurs congrats on that Yeah, so I had two of us going in on both of us firing in all cylinders Yeah, I showed forest all the accounts yesterday Mark Williams to yeah to 99 silver Marjan Bochamp. You probably have more than me. I've got like six I've got like six unit. That's I was cute. I have not actually Jabari Smith Dalin Terry to 75 on the court side take a look here looksy So Han rookie That is a court side Andrew Nemhard to 99 for the Pacers and Silver Usman Jane Holy cow What he is very is huge dude. Oh my god It's like a chat home grid 49 debook Nice one there sons and Andrew Nemhard. It's like six three two fifty God It's gonna be a hard guy to bring down. It's like tackling like Cam Newton It's that wheel around set wheel around On even watching film, huh? That's cool. Watch this Ready That was that that is as some of the that's the coldest moment, maybe in NFL history. That's very cold It's that wheel around set wheel around Cam was him Shade on Jason Tatum tricolor and Jalen Duran court side Carl Anthony Towns and Tatum court side Shade on sharp. It ain't everything to 75 on the game use Jersey for the Mavericks Hey muscle sexton and KD Steal a draft AJ Griffin to 149 John or 175 John Moran. I must have a pretty good cafeteria. Yeah Redemption that is James Wiseman autographed memorabilia purple. I'm assuming pistons, but I'll double check that Yeah, Detroit pistons James Wiseman. Nice one there Detroit Silver Brogdon and Bradley Beale. I think he was one of the three wise next back Silver Fred Van Vleet Patrick Baldwin Pistons. Yeah Their Zion Williamson to 99 Jimmy Butler you're too busy trying to get that joke out Them hard. That's a red shed Holmgren. Nice one there for the Thunder to 199 Rookie, there's Jane and Ivy and Anthony Dips channel two is a Still bought lobby over there though You got an orange die cut Jimmy Butler nice one there to 65. They hear this one. 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That's dope That is sweet I have just to move to 175 on the maroon die-cut and DeMarco Rosen about a Kevin Porter, Jr. And Jalen Green Be drew holiday kid Cunningham and Marcus smart do a quick recap here. Everybody. Thanks again for getting that filled up Do appreciate it very much Much right on schedule, which is good, too all right, we had numbered cards and Jersey's Malachi random to 10 Jason Tatum tie-tie Washington. That is Kyrie Irving Palo Ben caro autos. We had James Weisman Trey Murphy Dallon Terry Jabari Smith, Jr. And Christian Latner That will do it for the break. Thank you all again for the fill up next is stow was


Welcome you all to the session. In this session, we will see what is virtual Kubernetes cluster and what it offers. Myself Nathan and I work as principal software engineer at Ericsson predominantly into verification of machine learning operations and a test automation. The agenda of the session goes like this that starts with the background, then the overview of virtual Kubernetes cluster with a recorded demo to see how it works and finally it's various use cases where it could be used. Let's start with the origin story. The origin story is based on the challenge that we faced in our organization. It may be applicable for others too. As we all know in any cloud native product development team, right? Test environment that is Kubernetes cluster plays a major role in our day to day task like during study phase to do proof of concept, during development phase for individual developers to test the code changes, during testing phase to certify the release of the product especially in CACD pipeline, right? So now let's see these challenges one by one. First, let's see the challenge that a team faces for a development environment. Multitenancy is really tough with Kubernetes and there are pretty much two model which the people use to share a cluster across individual teams, right? The one model is that there is a shared cluster for everybody with a namespace isolation. So an individual team or sorry, so an individual or a team gets their own namespace and that's what they have access to, right? But the challenge here would be the teams might be developing a global objects like custom resource definitions that is CRDs and we all know that they cannot manage that in a namespace isolated cluster, right? So the only practical solution here is used to dedicated Kubernetes clusters to guarantee true separation which is known as cluster-based isolation where every individual or team gets a dedicated Kubernetes cluster and you know, even this is problematic for a lot of reason. It is an edit to the management due to the cost and the complexity associated with scaling the Kubernetes cluster as the team grows with respect to the complexity, right? Most important part is maintaining the clusters on the longer run by upgrading and performing other maintenance activities. Finally, it brings in environmental impact means an individual user may not use the full capacity of the resources in the Kubernetes cluster and most of the time, right, it will be underutilized. And as we could see in the comparison, the isolation is not that great in namespace whereas it is true in separate cluster but at the same time it increases the cost and brings in other complexities that we discussed, right? So what if instead of namespace and cluster isolation, an individual team member is given a dedicated cluster without all these challenges? Now, we'll answer this question in a while as we move forward in the session. The next challenge that we face is freedom of choice. Usually in a company, we'll have a central admin team who will take care or run the Kubernetes cluster and they do sort of an IT overload, you know, telling the team that no, no, we are running this version of service mesh and that's all we run in the Kubernetes cluster and this is how we set it up and everybody must obey by that and they don't want to run thousand different versions of Kubernetes cluster design, okay? So however, we can't blame them for it but practically their approaches are in the way of progress or flexibility for developers. Now, what if a developer is given a dedicated sandbox environment where they have more freedom of choice and still it is managed by central admin team? And we will, we will also answer this question in a while as we move forward in the session. The next challenge that we faced is less, less flexibility in CACD. In a conventional CACD pipeline system under test, we may need to have a Kubernetes cluster installed with the respective version every time manually or via automation, where the setup time of Kubernetes cluster will be like 10 to 20 minutes, right? Then the system test would start which gradually increases the overall feedback loop time of your CACD pipeline. Also, let's say we want to test a product in multiple Kubernetes versions. It is going to take a lot of time to test all these probabilities and combination because setup time of Kubernetes cluster going to take time. So what if there is a flexibility to have all these covered in the CACD pipeline with the quick feedback loop time? Then it is more advantages for any product development team, right? And more importantly, you know, it brings in more confidence before they ship the software package to the end users, right? Just like any organization, we also faced all these challenges and this triggered a study to explore technologies that could help us to use the development and test environment efficiently using cluster virtualization technique and reduce the cost and provide more freedom of choice to the developers. While exploring, we came across an interesting open source project called VCluster that looks promising to address the challenges that we discussed so far. Now the next question would be what is VCluster? On a funny note, going forward this session will be like the inception movie in a very simple term virtual cluster or in short VCluster or lightweight Kubernetes cluster that runs on top of another Kubernetes cluster. Now, VCluster is an open source project. Initially, VCluster is built in a commercial product by Loft Labs and going forward, I'll be using the term VCluster in place of virtual Kubernetes cluster. More specifically, VClusters are just a control plane that runs inside another Kubernetes cluster. What is a control plane? As we know, a regular Kubernetes cluster will have an AP server. Then we have a data store like HCD, standard backend for Kubernetes where the cluster configuration and state data such as number of parts and their state or store. Then we have a controller manager that controls the deployment, replica sets, et cetera. Also, we have a scheduler that actually takes the parts and assign them to the different nodes in the cluster where the container gets started. Then we have the workloads on top of this control plane. Typically, we'll create a namespace to essentially run parts in them. Typically, we'll have multiple namespaces, right? And that's how a regular Kubernetes cluster looks like. Then for anything, we always talk to this AP server, which is the gateway to the Kubernetes cluster. And in a regular Kubernetes cluster, we have the capability to spin up workloads inside the namespaces. And so why not a control plane inside a namespace? And there comes the v cluster, which is designed in such a way that a control plane runs as a pod inside a namespace of the underlying Kubernetes cluster. Going forward, we'll call this underlying Kubernetes cluster as host cluster. That means we have an AP server and couple of other components, which we'll talk about in a while, and which this AP server will be the gateway to the virtual cluster. And so we'll not talk to the host cluster's AP server anymore, and we'll talk to the v cluster's AP server directly. So in a nutshell, what they do in v cluster is that they give a way to share a host cluster, but at the same time, it gives the people an experience that feels to them like that they have their own dedicated Kubernetes cluster. I know this sounds like an overwhelming topic. And so let us experience the same with a quick start recorded demo. In the interest of time, right? So we have already prerecorded the demo. Now I'll walk through this prerecorded demo. Now I have already connected to the host cluster. And I have listed all the namespaces in the host cluster. Now, let's create a namespace called host namespace in the underlying host cluster, which is supposed to host our virtual cluster. Okay, now what about the permissions in the host cluster to run v cluster? Actually, we don't need any cluster wide permission, only the permissions to create a stateful set and a service in this namespace is required, right? When we have that permission, right, we can create a v cluster and inside the v cluster will will be the cluster admin now. Now let's go ahead and create a v cluster called VC one in the host namespace and there are multiple ways we can create a v cluster either through v cluster CLI or Helm or just a kubectl apply I have used v cluster CLI which is a very lightweight binary from v cluster project. And under the hood as we see here, it exhibits a Helm command that pulls the chart and deploy it to the cluster. Now let's wait for the command to complete. Now we list to the v cluster. There we go. Now we'll see what is inside this host namespace. We could see a stateful set and it's associated service and parts and the pod as we see here it has two containers running in it. Now let's wait for this host cluster to come up. Sorry, the v cluster to come up now as we can see the v cluster is up and running inside the host namespace. Now let's access the v cluster and again there are multiple ways we can access the v cluster. Here I'll be running a simple connect command using v cluster CLI. What it does is it does a kubectl port forward to the v clusters AP server. Now I'll split the terminal here. The v cluster CLI command creates an cube config in the current working directory. As you can see here, now let export it to the environmental variable called a cube config so that all my kubectl commands now points to the v clusters AP server and not to the host clusters AP server. So any kubectl that I'm going to execute now will run inside the v cluster. Now let's list all the namespaces inside the v cluster. As we can see here it is different from what it is there in the host cluster. Now let's get the pod in the cube system namespace of the v cluster. As we can see here there is one pod running called to core DNS. We'll talk about this core DNS in the later part of the session. Now we are admin in this v cluster. Now let's create a namespace inside the v cluster called NS1. Now let's get the namespace there we go it got created. Now let's try to schedule some workloads inside the v cluster by creating a deployment called a sample inside the namespace NS1 with the name engine X with replicas to let's wait on until this two pods are up and running. There we go. The pods are up and running now wait we saw in the previous slide v cluster had only control plane right remember well then where these parts are running that's the question we'll answer in a while. And finally, as the v cluster is set up and workloads are running, let also look how to wipe the v cluster. It can be done using a v cluster CLI or using helm or using cube CTL delete namespace. If you use v cluster CLI as used here it also does the helms delete in the back end. So that's it. The v cluster is deleted in a matter of seconds. Let's wait until this the host namespace also deleted as we want to the v cluster delete command to delete the namespace as well, right? And there we go. Yeah, so so the host namespace is also removed, right? So now let's go through a few slides to understand what happened in the demo from v clusters architectural perspective. Now I'm going to walk through command by command that we did in the demo to show the inside perspective of v cluster. Okay, now what did we do first? We took a regular Kubernetes cluster that is host cluster, right? Then what did we do? We created a namespace called host namespace on top of host cluster, right? Then using v cluster CLI, we created a v cluster called VC one inside the namespace host in in space, right? Then we also saw the components running inside the host namespace, right? So the v cluster has namely two components. It has a stateful set that we call as VC one is the v cluster that we created and it's as an associated service, right? And this stateful set essentially creates a pod with a single replica in this case and inside this pod is where our v cluster really leaves now. And we have two containers in v cluster pod. The first one is a control plane. This is where we can pick our own supported Kubernetes distributions like k3s, which is the default one and other distributions as listed here. It has an AP server. I mean the control plane as an AP server for any kind of kubectl interaction with v cluster and it has a separate controller manager. Then the controller manager is hooked up to a data store by default. It is SQLite and it supports more than like it's CD, etc. That means when we write something to this AP server, right inside the v cluster, it writes into separate data store and this data store is mounted as a volume to this v cluster pod. Then we have a second container which is sinker and we'll talk about the sinker in a while where our answer to the question where the pods are running resides. Then we connected to the v cluster using v cluster connect command, right? So what is done in v cluster is that we don't talk to the AP server of the underlying host cluster and run kubectl commands against it. Instead, we spun up a control plane itself that runs as a pod inside a namespace. So now we talk to this AP server, which is the core idea of v cluster. Now as we connected to the v cluster, let's get rid of the underlying host cluster and just focus on the v cluster alone. Inside the v cluster, we ran a command to create a namespace, right? Now namespace got created and it creates an entry in the v clusters data store. And as we already saw, v cluster uses SQLite by default, which is a lightweight data store. And by default v cluster uses k3s AP server, which supports SQLite as a storage backend. Instead of SQLite, we could also use our own SQL database or we could deploy a fully fledged hcd in a separate pods. And natural there are multiple ways to hook the data store. What did we do next? We created a deployment called sample with the image engine x with replicas to write it's pinned deployment. And now we have another entry in the data store about this deployment. Now this control manager inside the control plane, watch is the new entry in the data store, and it creates two pods. It means it writes two more objects into the data store. Now we have four objects in v clusters data store, right? We are namespace deployment and two parts owned by this deployment. Now these two parts are waiting to be scheduled. Now whose job is to schedule is a job of scheduler, right? To schedule these parts to the nodes. But as we can see here, there is no scheduler in virtual cluster, right? So the big difference between the regular Kubernetes clusters control plane and v clusters control plane is that there is no scheduler. Instead, there is something called a sinker. We cluster does not use scheduler from its distributions and it only uses AP server and controller manager and sinker is what really makes the v cluster really virtual at the sinker. What it does is it watches the v clusters data store and copies the parts down to the underlying host namespace that talks to the host clusters AP server. So now the host cluster scheduler, right? That will schedule these parts and the networking policies, admission controller, etc. in the host cluster will also apply to these parts. But these restrictions are only to the part level because all the higher level objects you know that the things that that are creating parts like deployment, stateful set, all these kind of things stays inside entirely virtual inside the v clusters data store and they will not be synchronized down to the host cluster. Only the parts are synchronized. And obviously we can create multiple namespaces right in v cluster and creates same deployments. But now how do we handle the naming conflicts? Since all these parts are scheduled in the underlying host cluster, what sinker does is when it sinks from multiple namespaces down to single namespace in the host cluster, it renames the pod and adds two suffix that is virtual namespace and virtual cluster name in which this workload is running. Without the namespace, there would be conflict, right? Let's say you have two parts of the same name into virtual namespaces as here, then we are mapping these parts into single namespace in the underlying host cluster and that wouldn't work right because this name would get conflict in the underlying namespace. So the namespace in which this workload is running is suffix. Also, we can have multiple v cluster inside the same namespace. So to avoid a conflict, v cluster name is also added. So that's what we saw in the demo. Now let's see how different Kubernetes resources are handled inside v cluster. All the higher level objects, you know, the things that are creating parts like deployment, stateful set, stays inside the control plane of the v cluster. Even the CRD states inside the v cluster and this is what makes the v cluster really virtual and gives the feel of running our own separate Kubernetes cluster. And these higher level Kubernetes objects, right, never reaches the AP server of the host cluster. So the basic design here is to reduce the request on the host cluster. Now coming to the lower level objects, sinker plays a key role in syncing them to the host cluster and sinker sings only few things, mainly the parts and other stuff that parts need to start. So the basic design here is to avoid a performance degradation like workloads running inside v cluster, right, will run or should run with the same performance as workloads which are running directly on the underlying host cluster. Okay, now let's shift our focus to the backbone of any system that is networking and understand how it is handled in v cluster. As we saw, sinker component in the v cluster sings the parts to the underlying host cluster, right? And so regular part to part communication works out of the box just like a regular networking and can communicate with each other via IP based networking. Sinker also synchronizes services, it also wire them to the right parts. What it rewires is that as we saw initially, there were only one part running inside the cube system namespace of v cluster, right? That is core DNS. So by default, v cluster has a core DNS deployment in its cube system namespace itself. This means when a sinker synchronizes the part down to the host cluster, it updates the part spec and point it to the v cluster DNS service instead of host clusters cluster by DNS service. And then the name resolution works as normal, right? So cluster internal DNS just works as expected inside the v cluster that that also means that you cannot directly access access the host services inside the v cluster, which is kind of a security that comes in built in as part of v cluster, okay? Now, what is the meaning of nodes from v cluster perspective? In case of nodes, we need to understand the sinker swings in both direction, right? So when a sinker sinks a part down and that part being scheduled now by the host cluster scheduler to some worker node, but there could be many things can go wrong, right? We could get an image pull error or image pullback of error. And so what v cluster does is it also synchronizes the status up from the host cluster to the v cluster. And part of the status is on which node this part is running so that the users in the v cluster can monitor the parts or see whether the parts is scheduled successfully or not. And the default option in v cluster is that it shows inside the v cluster only those parts that nodes that our parts are running. As you can see here, the host cluster has three worker node, but it shows only two worker nodes because our workloads are running only on these two nodes. And also we can see here, it doesn't show the real node details here. Actually, it shows all the fake node details, which means the v cluster when it copy the nodes from host cluster to v cluster, right? It renames them and obfuscates certain things. Say if a user doesn't want to have the fake nodes, they want to see the real nodes, right? Still they have option to install v cluster with certain configuration so that they can see these real node information in the v cluster itself. Now let's see the comparison between namespace cluster and v cluster. So giving each team a cluster is going to be expensive and giving them namespace might be too restrictive. How about something in between? Maybe creating v cluster is the way to go, right? Hope you'll agree based on what we saw so far with respect to v cluster. Now let's see the use cases where v cluster could be used. Lots of people uses v cluster for more ephemeral activities, one for development environment, where developers will have full freedom of choice. Example, if a developer wants to run service machine, a particular version, it is completely up to him because it is going to be only scoped to your namespace and it is not going to impact other people and give them sort of their own little sandbox, right? And next v cluster could be used for installing testing applications in a CI CD pipeline. As we witnessed using v cluster, a new Kubernetes cluster can be spun up in few seconds, right? And we can pick and choose the Kubernetes versions on the fly while we spin up v cluster and this gives us a lot of flexibility to test the product in multiple Kubernetes versions. And also it helps us to test the product that has different variants of installation like optional components or without optional components. And all these probabilities and combination can be done in parallel using v cluster in the CI CD pipeline itself that will save a lot of time and effort and brings in more confidence with the product development team when they ship the product to the end users, right? Now, as a user, if you are interested to explore more on v cluster, you can refer the v cluster website and their documentation that has more details on the architecture and the answer and part and say if you want to raise any issues or if you would like to contribute, we can always do that in their GitHub page. And if you need any clarification, we can always post that in their Slack channel. So this is with respect to the documentation support of v cluster. And that is the end of the presentation. Hope you have understood the basics of v cluster and how it works. I thank you all for attending this session. Thanks.


Shalynne was, you know, she was 22 and she was in school full-time to become an RN. She had been recovering from a torn ACL in her leg. She had had an MRI done before she left, knowing that she was transitioning jobs. She drove 20-plus hours to get over on that leg injury. It wasn't severe at that point. But when she arrived, she kept on saying, look at my leg, Mom, all the time. Look, it's a different color and it's swollen. And when I left, I got a phone call from her. She was playing around and then she had fallen on that same leg. For her to be in as much pain as she was in, that was like, okay, yeah, we need to go to the hospital. They were asking her for her insurance. Shalynne had mistakenly replied, no, when they asked her if she had it. I'll never forget the tone of her voice when she called me. She's like, Mommy, I'm begging them for something for this pain. It hurts so bad and I'm begging them for some testing to see what's wrong. I asked them for an MRI and they told me I need to go get insurance and see a specialist because they're not a doctor's office. They failed to notice that there was a blood clot. I think it was a week or two weeks later, she had to fly back to Kansas City. And, you know, when you get into a plane, the cabin pressure can cause a blood clot to dislodge. And it went into her lungs and caused a massive pulmonary embolism. She had a clot so massive that it was from her ankle up to her groin. When the time came, I got up into bed with her. I was there with her when she took her first breath and I was gonna be with her when she took her last.  I had made attempts to contact the hospital. No one was really interested in speaking. And pretty much it was we gave the best service for Shalyn. We did everything that we're supposed to do. One of the things that really struck out to me as I was searching for reasons why Shalyn died, I ran across studies after studies of the discrepancies and outcomes for black and brown women versus white women. As a medical community, there needs to be a lot more attention to these discrepancies, that she had all of these things that made her higher risk for a blood clot were not taken into an account. She was black, she had sickle cell trait, she had PCOS, she was on birth control, she was overweight, and she had a red swollen leg. She had all these symptoms, she didn't check for a blood clot, and instead of them doing the necessary test required, they did what was called a wallet biopsy. And they essentially sent my daughter to her death. How would you feel if it was you? That's the guiding principle you should be thinking about. How do you change going forward? We all know that companies have mitigated risk and risk assessment. We need to stop thinking of it that way, and especially healthcare facilities. These are people's lives.  Don't discriminate towards people. If they're saying they need help, help them like you're supposed to, if you go into the medical field, you should have that passion to help save people, live up to that passion and save everyone no matter what, and treat them as if they were your family.  So not only is it the moral thing to do, but from a business standpoint, I think you're absolutely nuts if you're not reaching out to patients and trying to better what's happening in your facility and stopping the needless deaths. Not stopping it down by a percent, but to none, to none. The sad thing is that when I got Shalyn's phone after she died, I was looking through what she had been doing, and because she had been so embarrassed and so demoralized, instead of going to a hospital immediately, as she had been told, she needed to get insurance, because she was looking up signs of a heart attack hours before she called an ambulance. As we just saw from Shalyn's story, not only did she not receive immediate attention due to the color of her skin, disparity in care happened because the hospital wasn't sure how it would be paid by insurance. Let's talk more about disparities in healthcare. Growing up in rural, segregated Alabama, was a very common back build. So what I saw there and what I still see all these years later is at the time I did not know was disparity. And that disparity I would describe as this indifference. And W.E.B. DeBose described it as a peculiar indifference. And that indifference continues to persist. It is pervasive and it is stubborn. The result of this indifference are significant, less than optimal and poor outcomes for black, indigenous, and other people of color in the United States and in fact around the world. And this is quantifiable. It comes back to us through qualitative measures such as surveys and opinion surveys and the patient experience that we see in healthcare today. So when we think about these disparities then these differences for specific populations, primarily these marginalized populations, we see this in surgical procedures, surgical outcomes, decisions being made about medical treatment and medical interventions. We see it expressed in the harm that's caused both in outpatient and specifically inpatient setting as it relates to hospital-acquired infections and other hospital-acquired conditions such as falls with injury and pressure ulcer. We also see the same disparities in long-term care facilities and there are other marginalized and vulnerable populations where disparity is also present. This is in disabled populations, people who are in the rural areas that are poor, people who have some other kind of cognitive disability, people who are obese. We see it in the LGBTQ plus population as well. One of the issues that we really need to take on if we're ever going to achieve health equity and eliminate disparities is take an honest, courageous look at structural and institutional bias and racism that has been part and parcel of healthcare delivery and clinical decision-making far too long. We see it back to the early 1600s when Black people first came to the U.S. as slaves from Africa and it continues to this day. So then as we begin to have these frank and honest conversations about what are the structures, what are the policies in place that continue to support a system that is currently designed to create disparities and create the pain and anguish that many of our patients see, particularly in the Black indigenous and people of color populations and, again, other marginalized populations. So then as a care provider, what I would say is I have to find ways to be a better service to all patients, not just the ones that are insured, not just the ones that are white or high income or et cetera. So in order to do that, what I would advocate for is that patients should be charged with their healthcare, that they in fact become part of an abolitionist movement if I may call it that, so that we begin to address disparities and abolish disparities and abolish inequities begin to undo deep-seated institutional and structural biases that have existed for too long. In order to do that, we have to engage with the patients and say you have to be more active in your healthcare and enter into those partnerships to co-produce that, if I may call it equity in healthcare. A big part of this for patients is we and I'm a patient learn to communicate, to take charge of our health and our healthcare. Communicate, ask questions, seek more knowledge about your healthcare. Begin to break down these paternalistic barriers that have existed for too long in healthcare settings and almost the passive acceptance by marginalized communities and populations as it relates to their healthcare. So in order to do that then, we have to form relationships. People that we care for need to work on building a trusted relationship with clinical providers, clinical decision makers and truly reach new levels of activation that we haven't seen to date. I'm very hopeful that we're having these conversations. I'm very hopeful that we can begin to at least make more progress in issues around health disparity and healthcare disparity and then start to achieve health equity that we so desperately need in healthcare, not just here in the U.S., but globally. African-American mistrust of healthcare is real. It's a real thing. But the larger society has to understand is it's well-rooted. There were so many things going on, not just the Tuskegee experiment. There were forced non-consensual sterilizations. My own grandmother, my mom's mother, was an unknowing participant in a radiation experiment that took place at a hospital in Cincinnati from 1960 to 1972. My grandmother died when my mother was 15. It was devastating to their family. And these kinds of stories are pervasive across the country with black people. And so there is a history there, not just the Tuskegee experiment, but other things that took place in healthcare that make African-Americans not trust the system. And then when you go into a hospital today and you have some of the experiences that I had, nurses asking how can your parents afford to be here or people bringing garbage to my dad, and then when we talk to the nurse manager, they say, well, we don't give any blacks here. When you have that kind of flippant behavior, when you have that kind of offensiveness, it's easy to understand why blacks don't trust healthcare. So we've got to repair that trust. We've got to build a bridge and be better. We've got to start looking at healthcare and the way we treat patients of color. In a pandemic, unfortunately, minorities suffer disproportionately. Recent statistics show that blacks had 2.6 more times the risk of dying after contracted COVID-19. In New York City as well, black people make up 22% of the population but accounted for 28% of COVID-19 deaths. And similar trends can be seen among Hispanic and Latino populations at national and state levels. A pandemic unveils our different realities. Everybody should take COVID-19 seriously. And by these, I do not mean living in fear. But we should be properly informed about common symptoms and recognize that some people have a high risk of progressing to a condition where hospitalization might be needed, especially people above the age of 60 and those who suffer diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Unfortunately, again, these chronic conditions are far more common in certain minorities. It is a responsibility to help spread the message of prevention in all our communities. As physicians, we strive to save and improve lives but we can also do so by avoiding errors, by creating a safe and transparent environment in the hospital. This is a big change of paradigm. I believe that preventing errors is a condition that can cause more than 250,000 deaths per year in the United States and this condition should be studied rigorously and above all, we should act together with full transparency. I am proud to represent this movement that has the potential to improve our lives immensely. Unite for Safe Care represents to me hope, health and happiness.  You need to hold with both generosity and clarity that racial bias in the healthcare system is a thing. When I say generosity and clarity what I mean by that is generosity toward the human beings behind the system that are struggling. When I say clarity I mean even though you hold the humanity of the people and you treat them like human beings first I'm talking about doctors, nurses, etc. Just be clear that racial bias is a thing and you're going to need to advocate for yourself. So advocate for yourself. Do it early and do it often and don't make any assumptions. When it comes to disparities in the healthcare system right now especially due to COVID I have a personal stake in this because I'm pregnant right now but black maternal health is really on my mind. I've just read so many stories about black mamas who are not getting access to the kind of testing that they need because there's so many barriers that so many people have anyway about going to the doctor but in the era of a pandemic when you're getting constant messages from the hospital to do as many appointments via video as you can you don't have someone touching your belly to figure out how big your uterus is maybe you're not going in for frequent blood tests maybe doctors are missing things and many of the women the black women who have died in childbirth in this era of COVID was because they missed these vital tests so one recommendation that I would have around this is I would love to see hospitals doing more outdoor care especially in this era of COVID if we know that being indoors I didn't go to the hospital as much as I needed to this pregnancy because I didn't want to be inside I didn't want to be stuck inside of a hospital room with an N95 mask just shaking and praying that I didn't get infected but there are certain tests that can be done outside what would it look like for a phlebotomist station to be set up outdoors that is something that feels very important to me for patients of color I would say need to make sure that they're going to credible sources to be informed in regards to COVID-19 and with that I would also ask people to be responsible in using social media social media is a great platform but you have to know when to use it in social media Facebook, Instagram, Twitter should not be your end all and be all for your source of information especially as it pertains to the medical points of this pandemic I think if you're trying to find credible information you want to rely on credible sources that are based in the science and medical facts and you can find good resources from the CDC website you can find good information at Chicago.gov there's a subsection on that website that specifically talks about COVID-19 as well as the Illinois Department of Health website so those are good sources that you can rely on for credible information also this is a small more medically related fact people of color tend to be more vitamin D deficient so we all think about vitamin D as it relates to our bones but vitamin D also has an immune protective effect and a lot of people of color particularly African Americans tend to be vitamin D deficient so because we've seen in treating patients with coronavirus that vitamin D has a positive effect I would urge people to be more knowledgeable about their own vitamin D status and if you're deficient or low that you want to make sure that you're keeping up your vitamin D through your diet and possibly with supplementation as a Native American woman I have a very special message um health issues in our reservations in our communities are we don't have much due to poverty due to lack of facilities on the reservations it's very sad what's going on with the COVID per capita the rates of death and infection are higher than the population in general in the United States and I have special words that you please understand what is going on we're talking about people who do not have running water gas or electricity 40% of the reservations lack those basic rights we are trying to fight for those things but people do not pay attention to this very often so again this is very important for Native people I'm addressing you personally please learn you have rights and please use those rights and speak up hello everyone my name is Stix rapper slash activist and I'm coming to you live from Think Watts headquarters right here in Watts California when it comes to bringing new messages to the world I'm all about it and today I want to talk about the patient safety movement the United for Safe Care campaign it's all about bringing awareness for medical errors and did you know that medical errors are the third leading cause of death today in America and did you also know that the black and brown community have rates of infection and medical errors higher than any other background in culture the disparity between the two cultures is insurmountable creator, grandfather grandmother I offer this prayer a very short prayer I want to go to here I'm asking for blessings for all people who are ill at this time who are suffering in some way creator ask this in a good way I ask for our spirits and our ancestors to surround us and give us good energy and to be healthy and to have good food clean water and all the things that we need for life that are simple nothing more food and good health creator I ask for all caretakers that they realize these are human beings to always treat them with kindness especially during this pandemic I see many frontline workers they put in hours and hours of work and they're the last person to hold that person who is passing their hand their family is not allowed to be with them it's such a hard time so creator these are my special prayers and I ask this for in a good way I ask for your blessings