Coming up on Titans All Access, Dave McGinnis is here to break down what makes Kansas City's quarterback Patrick Mahomes such a challenge to defend. Jack Rabbit Jenkins is this week's Nissan Insider. Find out the story behind his name. John Robinson stops by with his take on how the Titans performed on Monday night. Plus, Amy Wells goes around the field with Chester Rogers to find out how the child actor made it in the NFL. All of this and so much more coming up on Titans All Access. Welcome to another edition of Titans All Access. We're starting this program in the TitanZoom Studio. I'm Mike Keith with General Manager John Robinson and we're zooming some talking ball presented by Duncan. Coming off the Monday night when 34 to 31 over Buffalo. John, I know it's been several days, but I don't know that I've recovered yet. That was a hard stop. Yeah, I mean, talk about an exciting night of football for Nashville for our fans.  I mean, we traded blows back and forth. Buffalo traveled well. They had fans there. They would make a play and their fans would get loud. We'd make a play. Our fans would get loud, but it was just really cool at the end when Derek broke off that long run to take the go ahead score. Really well blocked play. Give them the ball back, get it down on the goal line and a fourth down stop and the Nissan Stadium just goes into complete pandemonium. I don't know that I've been a part of many exciting games like that with Mike. Okay, so some of your specific takeaways about the ball game, John, what did you take away from Monday nights when over the bills? Yeah, I mean, I think it was a really resilient game for our football team. You know, we knew that they were top defense in the league. They were a high octane offense. They've got a lot of great players, but we were going to have to be detailed. We're going to have to execute those details that they were going to make some plays and we were going to have to bounce back. You know, and I think that's what we did. We never panicked even down there on the goal line stand. Like we didn't panic.  They really stood out as well. Talk about AJ Brown's individual effort, seven catches, 91 yards. AJ got going in the second half. The passing game got going in the second half. John, what really fueled that in your opinion? You know, I think we're able to build some play action stuff off the run game. Mike, some of those strikes, some of those in cuts that, you know, AJ has caught a lot in his time here. You know, he just did an outstanding job of breaking his route off at the top, creating some separation. The old line did a good job of giving Ryan a pocket and Ryan stood in there and stepped up and ripped it in there. And AJ does what he's always done. You know, he throws his hands up there. He catches the football, puts his foot in the ground and tries to get extra yards.  Jeffrey Simmons is the guy who's getting a lot of attention following that game for the play at the goal line. Did an interview with Amy Wells after the game and he said he'd really been pressing. He'd been trying too hard to make things happen. Then he just sort of took a deep breath, let the game come to him. And it really did, particularly in the fourth quarter. What have you seen from big Jeff? Yeah, I think, you know, in that, in that game specifically, he got more comfortable with the scheme, with the way that they were trying to attack him and block him. You'd see that he was playing with a little bit more violence. It seemed every series because he started to gain some familiarity with the scheme and the blocks and the goal I played down there at the end. It was just an outstanding individual effort on his part to knife in there and explode through cutoff block and force that sneak to come up short. Let's talk about the fact that Monday Night Football is over. You've had a short week now to get ready for this weekend's game with the Chiefs. With everything that has gone on injuries and such, how challenging has it been for this football team? Yeah, I mean, we've been there before on short weeks, you know, whether it's a Thursday night or whatever it may be. But, you know, on Tuesday you come in, you take stock of the game, you know, you go through the injuries, you start to map out the practice plan of how many reps is this player going to get? Does this guy need an extra day of rest?  You know, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, you're back on the grass, kind of in a normal routine, if you will. It's probably a little slower, Mike, because you have a little less time, you know, to kind of heal up after a tough game like that Buffalo game was. By the time you get to Saturday, you're working with some speed, you know, and you're really trying to fine-tune the details. And it's been a good week. Bottom line is, this is a tough football team, John. You've got to be very proud of that. Yeah, it is. And we've got another tough opponent this week. I mean, it's an explosive offense. You know, we know at Kansas City, we've played them. Seems like we've played them, you know, last couple years at least as well. So, we know what they're capable of, but super proud of our football team and the way we've been able to continue to fight and stay resilient throughout the course of games. John, thank you so much for the time. As always, we enjoy talking ball with you presented by Duncan. Thanks, Mike. Tighten up. All right. So, I'm going to throw on the sport coat, leave the Titan Zoom suite, and head to the Ben MGM studios. When we come back, you'll learn about a Titan who actually has an acting career in his past. This will shock you. Amy Wells has the story when Titan's All Access continues. Titan's outside linebacker, Bud Dupri's real first name is Alvin. Titan's corner, Jackrabbit Jenkins' real first name is Gennoris. But Chester Rogers has a stage name, so he's really got two names. He's Chester Rogers on the football field, but when he was an actor, he was Trey Rogers. Find out about more of that part of his life as we go around the field with Amy Wells. All right, Chester, there are so many things that I could ask you about your career in playing football and being with the Titans, but I'm skipping all of that right now. Okay. I want to start with the fact that before you were a football player, you were an actor. Right, correct, correct. Okay, tell me about this and how your acting career started because you're not from California. No. You're from Alabama. All right, I'm from Huntsville, Alabama. I started, I got into my acting career around 19 years old. My first movie was Constellation with Billy D. Williams and Gabrielle Union. I got cast to put a role of the young Billy D. Williams. We shot it in my hometown at actually Huntsville, Alabama. And after my first movie, like all the producers and directors, like, they told my mom, you got to get this kid out to LA. So I moved out to LA for four years, went to middle school there, landed some big roles, and I just kept, you know, kept doing it. I was having fun. I loved it towards the end. I kind of told my mom, I just wanted to go back and be a kid again. And I got back into football and now I'm here.  Did you get to interact with these people? Like, how Hollywood were you? It was honestly, it became so normal that it didn't feel Hollywood.  Like, I was living in an apartment complex with all these guys, one of the guys that was random, but it was Rick James. Like we stayed in the same, you know, apartment complex and I would see him in a grocery store and you know, but it's so normal. It was normal because, you know, everybody's just regularly out there. But yeah, you know, that was the, that was the upside of it. So how do you then make the transition from, you know what, I think I'm done with this. I think I'm going to go play football now. Well, really, it wasn't that I was going to be done with it. I just wanted to go be with my friends again. And we never made it back out to LA because like I said, I got good at football again and just took it from there. So actually, I do plan on going back to acting on some family football. So I didn't put it to bed. Is there any crossover from being an actor in Hollywood and having some of those acting skills and being an NFL player? It seems like they're on two separate ends of the spectrum. Yeah, but I kind of, I kind of challenge it as the same, you know, when it's time for game time, it's like flipping that switch, you know, just like we're acting. When the director says action, it's time to go.  So I'm kind of like, it's the same as football, you know, Monday night, I'm going to flip that switch and this I'm going to be an actor, you know. Ain't that like Monday night football, baby? It's going to be a show tonight. It's two of them. Being here with the Tennessee Titans, we've seen you kind of grow into a role and be more of a contributor. You're on the field a lot more. What has clicked here with the Titans? It's genuine, you know, from all the way up to the GM and down to the training staff. Everybody embraces me. I feel wanted. And, you know, it's just a great situation. I just feel like I'm in the right place at the right time and I'm just taking advantage of it.  Oh man, it's a blessing, man. I'm super excited to be a part of it because it's a great group of guys and we all have a, you know, a common goal, you know, at the end of the season when we're striving for it. So like I said, I'm embracing it and I enjoy it. So you're going to go as long as you can and then when we take it back to Hollywood? Yeah, once I'm done, once I hang the cleats up, I'll probably be back in LA, you know, doing some things. What is your dream role? My dream role, um, not to sound cliche, but I was talking to some of my friends and just my story, my life story, but some of my friends, I think it would be a great story, you know, to pitch, you know, everything I've done in life. I would love to, you know, be in my own, my own movie. Well, then who plays you in your movie? You play you? Absolutely, absolutely. Not as a kid, but you know, as I get older, I would play myself. I would love to do that. I'd watch that movie. Welcome back to Titans All Access in the Bette MGM studio. Now, everybody's got a nickname. Mike Keith was Bam Bam. We don't need to know why. Mine was Dubs because my last name starts with the letter W and Jack Rabbit Jenkins. Well, of course, his nickname is Jack Rabbit. But why? We sent old Bam Bam Mike Keith in to find out for us in this week's Nissan Insider.  Nobody called me Genorus. No one? No. No member of your family calls you Genorus? No. You're Jack Rabbit? Jack Rabbit or Rabbit? Jack Rabbit or Rabbit. And you asked the Titans to list you on the roster as Jack Rabbit? Yeah. Because that's what everybody calls you. Correct. Explain how you became Jack Rabbit Jenkins. Well, it started at the University of Florida my freshman year. I was out there, you know, making plays on the field, but I didn't know what I was doing. Remind you, I had went early in the spring.  But I was making plays. We got a meeting room one day and the coach was like, making a lot of plays. You're moving really fast.  And then ever since that day, I just ran with it. But you didn't actually chase rabbits. Of course. You did. That was part of my nature. Okay. That was part of my living. That was part of my growing up. How did you not end up on offense being so fast? Because I always been quick. And I was like real physical in high school. So, I always wanted to hit people. But I played running back in high school. But when I got to college, they moved me to corner. Have you been surprised if you could play this long? Not really. I haven't been surprised. I mean, it's a position that guys, you know, once you hit 30, you start to, but you've just, it's like you've gotten better. It's all about taking care of your body.  I feel like I've been doing a great job of that because I've been in the lead and I just got to continue. Dave McGinnis works with us on Titan's Radio. He loves Jack Rabbit. He talks about the fact that you've become more of a pro as you've gotten older and that that's what's really allowed you to do it. Where would you say you've become more of a pro and who helped you to become a pro? Just studying on and off the field. People like Cortland Finnegan, Dominique Rajatumarty, just being under those guys that's at a young age and learning from those guys and understanding the game helped me become a great pro. I learned how to film, study through Cortland. I mean, I just learned. At first I came in, I was young here and there, but then I got settled in and just learned how to become a pro. What's the hardest thing about covering an NFL wide receiver? The hardest thing, just being consistent. You got to be consistent at cornerback because at any moment you don't know if the ball is coming or not so you always got to be consistent and just learn how to take care of your body. The other thing that I've never understood that's really hard for people is you're going to fail as a corner in the NFL. They're going to catch passes, it's going to happen. How do you get over it and how long did it take you to learn to have that put it aside after one play and go on? Well, in the NFL, you got to understand, everybody get paid, everybody going to make play.  It's a whole game. One play, don't determine one, the whole game, you just got to continue to work. There's more Titans All Access on the way on the other side of this break. Mike Keith, Keith, the best part of the show is coming up. Stick around. What's good, Tennessee? It's hard to say we're clocking in because we never stop. Let's go to work. Welcome back to the Bet MGM Studio with Amy Wells. I'm Mike Keith and we continue with Titans All Access as we go beneath the surface powered by Microsoft Surface. And here's Coach Dave McGinnis. Mike Keith, so happy to be here with you and Amy Wells and beneath the surface powered by Microsoft Surface. Let's go. All right, there's a lot to look at and we want to talk about Patrick Mahomes and how dangerous he is as a runner. He's an absolute threat with both things that go on with him. And here's what you've got to worry about with him. When he escapes, he escapes vertically or horizontally, you've got an issue. So you not only have to be able to cover what he may throw, you also have to be able to get the lanes and cover as you see him here. And what he's going to do, he's going to motion his tight end to go to two by two. You see the defensive front shift to where the tight end is. Now off of this half play action, you can see the B gap to his left open up immediately. They're in man coverage in the back end.  Watch this thing open up. You can see what's going on back here. This is kind of got an umbrella. They've dropped into some zone with man pickups, but as soon as the zone people underneath turn their backs, that B gap opens, he's gone. Coach Mack, he's dangerous as a runner, but Patrick Mahomes also dangerous when he gets rid of the football. Yeah, and we've seen what he can do with his legs. Now let's take a look at what he does when he recognizes coverage. This is now three by one. They've moved the back over to his left side. Now they got a quads look, a four by one. And immediately he steps up, but as he steps up, they run a layered route. You see how quickly it comes out. He's got that shortstop snap throw too. Watch his eyes downfield, quick snap. Ball is in there before anybody can react in a zone coverage. This makes him doubly dangerous when he starts to step up. He's identified it, he flicks it, completion. Now you want to talk about being dangerous. It's not just when he's passing the ball, it's those deep balls that you've got to be worried about too. Well, and here's the issue too, Amy.  You're going to see in this play, he moves a back out to get identified man zone. He knows now he's got man to man coverage. He immediately knows where he's going. Watch him drop back. He's got one on one on the outside to McCollardman. McCollardman is another speedster in their stable of speedsters, but he's identified it so quickly. And look how quickly the ball came out of his hand. He threw the ball when he was still covered. And quarterbacks that throw the deep ball, if they can see the back of the defender's helmet, the ball's coming out of there. And this is a great example of all three levels that he's dangerous on. So he can run, he can get rid of it quickly. He has a great arm, he's smart, and he can throw the deep ball. Well, all of that is true. No problem. You didn't lie. You didn't lie with any of that. Titans have their work cut out for them Sunday. Yeah, sure you do. And then the thing you have to do, if he does throw it quick like we saw earlier in that one, you got to spot tackle. You can't miss tackles against these people. They're going to move the ball. You can't miss tackles and do not give them the explosives like you saw them get against Washington football team and McCollardman. You can hear Dave McGinnis on Titans Radio Sunday at noon central time when the Titans take on the Chiefs. When we come back, more of Titans All Access. Stay tuned. My acquaintances around the league, very close acquaintances. Because we really do just talk ball all the time. I think it covers the whole entire spectrum of what the National Football League is all the way from the technical aspect of it, from officiating to the women in the National Football League. But then we're also going to have a lot of fun.  And you ask what it is. It's the greatest thing you'll ever listen to. I mean, that's basically. Tune in. That's with Titans Amy and Coach Mack podcast. Coming soon. Welcome back to Titans All Access. It's time for the best part of the show. Mike, Keith, keys, ladies and gentlemen. Mike, the keys to beating the Kansas City Chiefs. All right, let's talk about getting a couple of big play touchdowns for the Titans. That's one of the keys to beating the Chiefs is scoring via defense. Maybe a defensive back picks off a pass. Or maybe you throw a long touchdown pass. Or maybe Derek Henry breaks a long run. You can't go drive for drive with the Chiefs. You need an easy touchdown or two on a big play. I like those kind of plays. Give me another key. All right, let's talk about the Titans linebackers. Big game for them. Inside linebackers have to make sure they're doing a good job against the run. And keeping Patrick Mahomes from stepping up and taking off. Outside linebackers have to take outstanding angles, rushing the passer, not losing contain, and hopefully knocking number 15 down. Big game for the linebackers. All right, third and final key. And final key to beating the Chiefs. Derek Henry. Just Derek Henry period. This is a game where if you can get him 30 to 35 touches and have him control it, it's a great situation for him against the Chiefs defense. It's also a great situation for your defense to control time of possession. This is a Derek Henry game. Maybe they all are, but this one especially. I like it when Derek Henry gets involved and I like it even more when he's a key to the game. A key to the game, very easily done. Reminding you, we're on the air at noon central time with the game on Sunday. Titans and the Chiefs actually come on the air with this lady and Rhett Bryant for Titans Countdown at 11 a.m. central. We hope you'll join us. For Amy Wells, I'm Mike Keith. Thanks for being with us and we'll see you next time. Why is your nickname Bam Bam?


Felly byddwn i'n dwybod i gynhyrchu wrth yng Nghymru, leeniol yn y Llywodraeth, y fawr a byddoedd cyfnodol i dwybod ar y dweud o yng Nghymru. Ac yn y ddweud o'r parwyr iawn, mae'n dweud yn rhoi'r ysgol o'r unedig yr Unedig, yng Nghymru, yw'n dweud o'r ystoddau. A'r ysgrifetio nôl o'r hyn o dweud o'r Fyfrith, gallwch chi'n gwybod i'r ysgol efo'r Lleid Ynodol? Well, thanks Simon. It's great to be here and I think the question is an important one, especially given the cuts we've had to legal aid. Many people in the legal profession and in wider civil society are concerned about whether we can afford or have access to justice without a properly funded legal aid system. I think viewers would be interested to know that an important piece of legislation came out in 2012, known as LASPO, which did have an impact on the amount of money the state would give to lawyers and legal advice agencies to support the provision of free legal advice and representation. So it's important to be clear that legal aid still very much exists, very much present in the criminal law and in certain civil law issues, but the number of range of cases and the types of people who can qualify for legal aid has been restricted and the overall budget has been cut. You might take a political view about whether that's a good thing or not. Let's take that view then. Couldn't you say lawyers are paid a fortune? Why should taxpayers subsidise lawyers to argue cases against the government and also funded by the taxpayers? That's a good point. Some research done last year looking at the hourly rates of solicitors partners in big city law firms in London and these fees are eye-watering. You're getting average rates of £1,000 per hour in some big city law firms. Now, to put that in context, that is people engage often in commercial corporate law work for large corporations working on huge cases worth millions and millions of pounds. But these are areas where legal aid has never gone. There are lawyers making a lot of money and in the past some lawyers made a good deal of money out of legal aid. But I think it's fair to say that those days are gone in relation to legal aid. When you talk to people who have legal aid practices, say for example at the criminal bar, especially at the junior bar, people are struggling to make a go of it in terms of making a living. Where there's a problem I think in terms of us thinking about a just society is whether people can get the advice and the representation that they need. Take for example the events surrounding the Grenfell fire. What you have there is a situation where people who are in need of perhaps legal advice around their tenancies, getting rehousing and stuff, there is a limit now to the number of lawyers who can afford to provide free legal advice. And some people are concerned about legal advice deserts. So yes there are some lawyers in the commercial sector who are still making an awful lot of money, but what the concern is is are the people in the areas working in social security law and housing law, are there enough people being able to offer free advice there? It was a very good example, but didn't the law society intervene and say actually there is a neighbourhood law centre in North Kensington that has been doing good work and we don't want firms coming in to exploit this? No, that's right. Well I think what we're talking about is whether there's provision for people who are in need and who can't afford to instruct a lawyer to get the advice that they need. And I think one of the key pillars of our democratic society is the rule of law. So that means that those in power have to abide by legal rules. And that's such a fundamental provision that it's almost difficult to appreciate unless you actually think about what life would be like if people could arbitrarily decide to take your house from you or to move you on from the house that you're living in or something like that. Now access to just rule of law therefore depends upon people being able to access the courts who are the arbiters of the rule of law. So let's suppose that I object to Brexit and I want to challenge what the government is doing about it. Should I get legal aid for that or can't I just ask the barristers to do it for free? Or is there another opportunity of doing it? Well that's a really good point because there are some barristers and there is a tradition within the legal profession to work pro bono, to work for the public good. So some cases are taken on a pro bono basis and one of our colleagues here at the AP University has taken pro bono cases from jurisdictions in Jamaica, people involved in criminal cases there. So that's a good example. But going back to Brexit, the Gina Miller case, you remember Gina Miller was one of the applicants in the review of the power of the government to withdraw to sign the article 50 declaration without first going to Parliament. That was a big case around Christmas time. You remember the Daily Mail did the famous enemies of the people headline and what we had there is a situation where the case was funded by essentially crowdfunding. So people put money in using social media to support the legal action to get that matter heard before the courts and this is something that's increasingly the case that certain issues of kind of general public importance can be funded by campaigners through crowdfunding. So we've seen as well as a response to the coalition between the Tory party and the DUP. The deal with the DUP, yeah. There's a crowdfunding case going on at the moment regarding whether that amounts to a breach of the bribery act or even a breach of the Good Friday Agreement. But the cynics would say, at the end of the case, suppose the applicants lose, what's happened is the barristers have been paid by other people. Now it might in this case be the public. But if it was legal aid it would be the taxpayer. Why don't the barristers just do it for free? Well, some barristers do work for free in the sense that there is this tradition of pro bono, but I think it's perhaps unrealistic to think that all lawyers would work for free all the time. And there is a wider question of how the level of which people are paid. Yeah, well that's a good point because BBC presenters are in the news and some of the men are saying, well we'd be delighted if the women got paid as much. And then some of the critical public are saying, well why don't you get less pay and give that to those who are doing the same job as you? So with the lawyers, could we agree on if you like the price of a just society, not a thousand pounds an hour but I don't know, 50 pounds an hour, 100 pounds an hour or whatever, would that be fair? Well, the legal aid system does to an extent give fixed prices for certain types of legal representation and legal work in a number of days in a trial, sometimes preparing and so on. But effectively, we live in a market society and I suppose going back to the BBC presenters or the footballers and so on, if you've got a particular talent in a particular area then you can command a higher price. So a particularly talented barrister who's a very good advocate might be able to charge a higher price from a client who can afford to pay. So this raises bigger questions about inequalities in pay that point to a wider discussion which I'm sure you've been having during this series about what amounts to a just society in terms of the distribution of resources and the levels of taxation. In terms of citizenship, central part of our strategic research area, let's take the example of asylum seekers and it's not some rich commercial barrister who's helping them. It's a young solicitor somewhere around the UK and she's interviewing the asylum seeker and then probably really getting caught up in the case and championing this and so on. Now that person isn't being paid a fortune for legal aid, are they? And we do want or you and I I guess want those asylum seekers to be represented. Yeah, if we care about the rule of law, which means that if there is an issue, a legal issue, it should be resolved fairly and impartially and if it does need to go to court, part of that needs that the people involved in the case need to be properly understand their legal rights and their legal position. And given how complex the law can be, it's unrealistic to expect for example an asylum seeker to be able to navigate their own way through the court system. Of course, to make it clear, there is no bar to representing yourself at court. You are able to speak to the judge if you're a litigant in the case so you can represent yourself. But the problem with that is that there's not that many people who have the background knowledge when you're in a high stake setting such as in the asylum case, you'd want to make sure you were putting the case in the right way, that you've not forgotten key points of law. And so in this situation you were talking about, the legal aid solicitor, that we do need to make sure that there's a baseline level of access to the courts. Access to the courts doesn't just mean being able to get there but to have the advice to be able to make your case properly. You sound like a social crusader for a justice entity and that's why you're both an academic lawyer and at the Open University? Or is that too pious or we're looking at it? Well, I think there are a number of reasons why I've chosen to work here but I think the social justice mission of the Open University is something that I'm proud of and I still think it's something that informs what people do at the university. And we were conceived as an institution to provide increased opportunity for people who would not otherwise be able to access higher education. And what we've done in the law school is to try and integrate that into the way we teach law and with a new project that's fully launching in the autumn called Open Justice which will allow students to engage in some of these issues about access to justice and to really think about how we as a law school can serve the public good by reaching out to people who might need support or benefit from having a better understanding of legal principles. That sounds great. We look forward to that. I guess it'll be the rerun, the next series of these chats. That'll be really good. Just a last way of looking at it. You mentioned Grenfell and I think it is important for students on these Facebook live chats to take whatever is in the news and to think about it. Is it the case that if one of those tenants complained to over the last five years, if somebody had had a lawyer who was funded by the public purse and had really pursued it, we might have stopped that kind of disaster, is that the best way of looking at it? Well, it's conceivable. I suppose it's too early to, we still don't know fully the cause of what happened. But in principle, yes, if you've got people in Grenfell Tower who were fairly vulnerable really in terms of their ability to instruct proper legal advice, they did have issues, concerns about the safety of the building in advance of the fire. And it seems from what I've read that not all of those concerns were listened to. And I think if you put on top of that the difficulty in getting good legal advice, especially in areas to do with legal aid practice such as social housing, which isn't an area where you're going to go and huge amounts of money, then I think these two things together do raise some uncomfortable questions. Hugh MacFall, thank you very much. Thank you to everybody who's been following our series of discussions about how we can make a just society. Thanks.


Okay, would any one of you be okay to lead in prayer, please? How about Abraham? Abraham, are you able to? Yes, Pasta. Okay, so let's pray. Okay, yeah. Yes. Please can you hear me now? Is it okay? Yes, now we can hear you. Okay, so let's pray. Precious Father, we thank you for this morning. Father, our hearts and minds are open to receive of your work. Father, we thank you for what you are doing in our lives and we thank you for the opportunity you've given us to study and to know you. Father, we pray for more grace, more strength that whatever we are going to learn today is going to be part of us, that we are going to carry this word in our hearts and work in the light of it. Father, we pray that all transients will be granted to Pasta that everything she shares will be a blessing to us in the name of Jesus, we have prayed. Amen. Amen. Amen. Thank you. Thank you, Abraham. So going back to our notes here, we have a couple of chapters left. This is about nurturing and equipping of believers and, you know, sort of giving the work to people that are faithful or raising up, you know, raising up the right leaders, developing them, helping them grow in God and, you know, sort of strengthening the church. We've already said that the church has leaders and the leaders make the pillars of the church. And then I think the next couple of topics here are about administration and then a little word of encouragement from the book of Revelation. So that's what we have left in this publication, APC publication called The House of God. So today let's begin with studying about raising people to serve God. Now, when it comes to a local church, we know that there is a mindset and this is sort of a historical thing that happened initially if you look at the 1st century church that was raised up under the apostles, everyone was serving in that church.  You'll study about all this in church history. So the church became institutionalized and there was a clear demarcation between those who serve and those who just come and receive from the church. So the terms clergy and lady, that's when those terms also came about. And till today, there are many churches who follow that pattern where you have the pastors, you have the leaders, you have, you know, people who oversee the ministry and the congregation just attends. The congregation receives from the ministry that the pastors and the clergymen do. But, you know, we've seen that passage from the book of Ephesians, Ephesians 4, verses 11 through 13, where we are told that God gave the five-fold ministry offices for the equipping of the saints, okay, for the work of the ministry. So it's pretty clear that God has a ministry for every saint and a saint is a believer who has been washed by the blood of Jesus, who now has the born-again life to live. So every saint, that means has a call on their lives. Every saint has gifts to manifest. Every saint has a purpose of God ministry to do with the growth and the advancement of God's kingdom. Thereby, it is important for us to equip every believer who comes to church. So this concept of clergy and lady, to consider that some people in the church have no calling or they are not meant to serve in any way. We've already seen that the word of God says something completely different. And so we have to see how to engage, okay, believers. So that's what we are going to talk about. So how are we going to nurture and equip believers? We've already touched on the subject, in fact, in the Kingdom Builders course and quite a lot of content was covered. We've looked at it in depth, so I may not go in depth, but we'll touch on the key things that need to be done to nurture believers. So one is we've understood that saints or believers have a work of the ministry that they need to engage in. We have to equip every believer to become a minister of God. So we look at the progression in the life of a believer from a believer to a disciple, from a disciple to a minister, from a minister to a leader. So that's how the growth of a believer should be. So how can we lead believers from just being believers to ministering to others? Now, we also must understand that the full time, the way ministry is understood by many people, the full-time ministers who are completely dedicated to ministry, who have their income from ministry, they devote all their time and energy to the ministry, that is not the only pattern that people can use to serve God. Yes, there are some full-time preachers, for some full-time ministers, but then everyone can serve God, in whichever way God calls them. So one could even serve, if you use the terms full-time and part-time, that tells us that someone is connected to church and they are giving in a certain amount of time to the church and maybe also getting a support from the church for the work which they are doing. However, one could be in the workplace, we use the term marketplace just for us to understand. So you have the church, serving within the church is like working within the local body, but the marketplace refers to people who are out there with a different job and yet they can serve God in the marketplace. So when we talk about equipping every believer to be a minister, we should not expect that ministers of God will only be within the local church and fit that description of full-time or part-time ministers. They could also be marketplace ministers serving God in their own way. So everyone should not be forced to quit their jobs. But when we come across people whom God is using powerfully in certain areas, certain vocation, we must see how we can encourage them to continue doing what they are gifted for and yet be ministers of God. So that is something that we have to understand. So we must help believers discover their gifts, their place, their function in the body of Christ. Now again, these gifts and functions could have to do with them becoming full-time ministers. So as we are working with a young person in our church, we realize that God has a call as a pastor. We'll have to do our part to equip that person to be a pastor. So we would provide the opportunities that they require. We would give them the guidance that they need. We could also give them information. Maybe your local church has a Bible college or it doesn't have a Bible college. So maybe you may want that person to get more training and you suggest, hey, why don't you go to this place or connect to this college and learn from this college. So we do our part, the best that we can do to groom them according to the gift or the purpose that God has for them. Now what if the person is gifted differently for the marketplace and their potential lies there? Then we'll have to see how to help them nurture themselves in that zone. Let's say IT professionals and they're doing an excellent job. So you may want to spend time with them and encourage them. Show them that, hey, God is using this skill of yours and you can be salt and light in your company. You live by God's standards. You practice the principles of God's word.  Maybe they have the opportunity to share directly or start Bible studies in their company. Some companies have that provision. They allow you to meet and to just have these small groups where people can pray. And I know of people who have started Bible studies in companies, tech parks here in Bangalore and it has run really well. So encourage people from people who have not known Christ or those who are young believers. Just encourage them, hey, come, let's have a time of prayer together and just strengthen them in their journey with God. Sometimes these people belong to different local churches. We don't disturb the membership that the people have but we can encourage these marketplace ministers to do their work of witnessing, their work of nurturing other believers in an honourable way by respecting the local churches that people belong to. So in this way, we can help people discover their gifts, place and function in the local church. And it might be easy for some people to find their place but it might be somewhat challenging for some people. Sometimes people do one thing and they discover that that's not their calling. They might go from doing missions to teaching God's word to engaging in media and then they figure out, hey, media is my thing. So it might take some time for a believer to discover the area where they are fruitful but it is our task. Those who are in the leadership, those who are in the 5-fold ministry to journey with the believers and help them find their place. So that is the way in which we can do that. So basically what we are doing is we are catalysts. God has a plan, God has a purpose, God has a function for every believer. We are supporting them, encouraging them, helping them to discover that plan and purpose. So it's like the role of a catalyst. Just being there, stand by them and see them fulfill God's purpose. Then help believers discover their life assignment. So life assignment is the main call of God. The way Apostle Paul, he said that he's called to be an apostle to the Gentiles and God also told him, you're going to stand before kings, you're going to testify about me before leaders. So he did many other things Apostle Paul, but there's something called as the life assignment. Jesus did a lot of things. He healed people, he preached the kingdom of God. He did many things. He invited people, discipled them and then he prepared them for the life after his ascension. So he did many things, but one of the core things that Jesus' life was about was the redemption that he was to bring to mankind. So every individual has a life assignment. Every individual has that call of God on their lives to do that one main primary thing that God has called them to do. So even in this area, we need to be instrumental in helping people discover as well as fulfill God's purpose for their lives. Again, just going back to what we said in Kingdom Builders, it's not about us filling the empty places in church because you see, when we are serving in a local church, there's always need and we might think that there are certain ministries where you need people, I need people. Okay, you found somebody, just put them in, let them be there for years together, just help the church. That's what people need to do. But if we look at letting people minister only in that way, we would be stunting their growth. So the best way to cause a local body to thrive is to help people discover what God wants for them and when they are positioned accordingly, the entire church will flourish because they are in their primary calling, they are using the grace that God has given them and that strengthens the church. So that's the way in which we have to help people. Let them discover their life assignment, let them move in the direction of their life assignment. Now, for us to help them discover these things, it may so happen that believers, somebody gets saved, they are part of our local church, they are growing here and we discover that, hey, this person is gifted in worship and this is what God would want them to do, lead worship, lead many people to worship. So when we have that platform, we see how to provide opportunities. So we might say, hey, we have this sign up for worship team, why don't you sign up? Why don't you go through the training? Why don't you be a part of the practices? So we are helping them grow, not just in their skill, not just in their gift, but also as they journey along, hopefully their character also will be built up as they are being equipped to serve in the area of worship ministry. So in this case, something already exists in the church for that person to minister in. However, we might be talking to a believer in our church and wanting to equip them further and discover that what they are called to do, that ministry does not exist in church at all. So God may want us to connect them to that area of ministry. So we may want to see, okay, is there something like that happening in the city? Can this person join, be equipped? Can they be trained? Can they release their gifts there? Or maybe, I'm just giving an example. There's a couple and for many years, they have been serving in the area of marriage counseling and somehow they got connected to your church and while meeting with them and while talking to them, that's something that you realized. Now, how do we help this couple serve in the area where God has called them and you strongly feel this is the niche area or the core area where they must serve and there's no marriage ministry in our church. So how do you deal with this? Maybe you want to set up the marriage ministry and launch it and have some guidelines and just help them start that whole thing. And that way, what happens is they are serving in their area and it's also benefiting the church because God has an anointing on their lives with regard to marriage counseling. So we can encourage them to join existing ministries or we can encourage them to help them to start new ministries and that's the way in which we guide people. Now, some people can, as I've already shared earlier, they can be ministers in the marketplace. Now, they can be entirely ministers in the marketplace as in they don't preach and teach in church or they don't do anything that you see as your typical way of ministry. However, they might have a strong witness in the workplace. Might be a Christian person in the police, might be a Christian person in the armed forces, might be a Christian person in business, head HR who is helping many companies. So they might be entirely in the marketplace but they have a Christian witness where the way they work or the life that they live is an example and they may also be actively leading some of these small groups in their area. So just a few examples that I'm giving you. So there can be people who are impacting the seven mountains. We've talked about that, the area of business, the area of government. So we might have some people fight the elections and be positioned in the legislative assembly, member of parliament but making a difference in their own way for the kingdom of God in the area of education. It could be in the area of entertainment. So there is a need. Why should we not have people in all these streams standing up for God? There is a place and there is a call that people have and they can make a difference also in the area of art, in the area of media, sports. So wouldn't it be wonderful to have people in all these places. Now what if we stop people from serving the way God has called them? Let's take for example, there's somebody who God has called to make a difference in the field of sports. But if we insist that that person only serves in the church and these are the only things you're allowed to do. Forget about sports, forget why you're spending time practicing. Come here, be a part of the Bible study. So we must not stop what God wants to do through people and it really is going to take discernment, it's going to take that hard work to know people and what they are called for in order for us to guide them and develop them in that area. So in all these ways, people could be serving God and they might share with us and say, this is what is happening, pastor. This is how I am serving in the company. We can give them more inputs and we could suggest, I remember this one particular person from our church from a different location, not the location where I go, but a different location had started a life group, something like a, not even a life group, just a group that meets once every couple of weeks and they started praying together and people were experiencing miracles, people were experiencing supernatural interventions in their lives to an extent that once I met one of my relatives and she was telling me, do you know so and so? They are from your church, right? And they started this Bible study and she's from a different church, my relative and she was so excited, she's like, yeah, we meet, we pray and things like this are happening and it's amazing, is this how you all pray? I was so touched by that, that just to know that God's power is made available in the, this is all happening, it's a tech park, it's all happening in a tech park and really, we could see how God is leading someone and we could encourage them, strengthen the work which they are doing and it's really wonderful what God can do in every walk of life so we can continue to support and encourage believers, equity believers in the supernatural so just what I shared now about, when we have things like teaching from the pulpit we have resources that people can tap into in the form of books or PDFs or podcasts or YouTube channels or weekend schools that we run here in APC what happens is people can come and they can learn in detail what does the Bible say about being a witness? How can I share the gospel? Sometimes people have to be equipped even in these basic things and then they know how to do it right where God has placed them or moving in the supernatural we can talk about the biblical basis why the supernatural is important and how Jesus said you shall do greater things than these and then equip them on the gifts of the spirit now people may not know how, yes the gift is flowing prophecy but a little more about the prophetic how can I minister to a colleague how can I minister to a neighbor how can I minister to a family member how do I hear from God when we equip people and they have those handles they are able to do a better job they are able to serve God better they are also confident in stepping out and doing something for God out there in the marketplace and when it comes to the supernatural God is not limited God doesn't see whether we are praying within the church or outside the church amazing amazing things can happen so we must just be open and help people also to be open and miracles happen I have heard testimonies where I generally share this in the understanding the prophetic class but one of the young people in our church after understanding about the prophetic he was talking to a distressed colleague of his who was going through marital issues and so many things so much was going on and also the couple the young couple did not have children so after all this teaching about the prophetic and all just while talking to a colleague it so happened that the colleague is sharing about different things but this young person got a word be fruitful and multiply just random just random and the person was like looks like there is a word from God for my colleague here but how do I tell him will he receive it will he misunderstand anyway he got the courage and he realized that it was a word that God was giving for the colleague and he just stepped out and in the midst of everything that was being shared he just said hey I don't know if this is going to make sense to you but I believe in God and I believe that God speaks to people and God helps people in their situation and I feel like God is giving this word be fruitful and multiply and the colleague had not shared too much about the couple wanting to have children and all that but it really blessed that person and the testimony is that soon after they shared with this person that they had conceived and they were going to have a child but you see the prophetic word was released where in the marketplace how could a person minister a believer, normal regular believer minister if they are not equipped, if they don't understand hey this is the prophetic word I need to share this I need to say it in a way that this person is able to receive so you basically what I am saying is even for the supernatural it's important for people to be equipped and when we do our part local churches to equip our believers every place they can give witness to the supernatural working of God maybe they would say to someone sick in the office you know when the time is right they could say hey if you don't mind can I pray with you and the fever would leave or the swelling would disappear God is amazing, he can do amazing things anywhere but these are all believers who are ministering not just within the church but even outside the church normal everyday life they are able to bless people in this way we can equip people and guide them to be ministers wherever God has called them and provide leadership about mentoring there is so much that we have talked about but this is more in the area of ministry so even in the area of ministry sometimes people don't know how to minister so it is helpful to have some guidelines maybe in a given local church ministries have emerged over the last 10 years or 20 years and there is a lot of learning and unlearning that has happened by one person or several people it's good to capture that how can you capture it maybe you just write it down in the area of campus ministries it started out in this year and then these campuses were reached these were the activities that were undertaken but this had to be stopped because that happened so basically the knowledge we have the knowledge we have the guidelines sometimes it's important to spell out the guidelines when you go and speak in these places don't condemn other religions when you have these guidelines in place or something as simple as being punctual being timely please come on time or come 5 minutes prior when we have all this you have the the principles on which that particular ministry works and some of these are the basic principles it's very helpful because the person who is starting off from this point can make use of everything that someone else has done all along and the ministry only goes from good to better and best so in that way providing leadership providing leadership not just with guidance here and there but also guidelines helping people understand hey this structure works well you will be able to impact more people this way so you provide leadership in every way that is something that we have to think about that what are the areas where this person is going to need our guidance so once we provide the know how it becomes easier and of course through the lifetime and the ministry and the service of that individual there will be new things that one discovers and that can be added to the treasure of the information and knowledge that has been gained all along so in that way we guide the person we help them make a good start we help them even with regard to their character sometimes people they are they intend well but they might come across in a sort of a way which is not correct let's say for example pride one might be really very excited about their skills and their opportunities and wanting to serve God but the way they might do it it could come across as pride rushing into everything not giving anyone else a chance or talking about yourself so as a leader we might also have to address these character issues and say okay I am really excited that you are able to do all these things but you know what this area this seems to be happening but this is a better way to do it this is what the bible says so with regard to character with regard to skill with regard to that area of ministry you know how should it be done in an honourable way what could be some of the things that one could do to take this ministry forward but of course you know it would be their ideas God working through them we are not trying to control them but we are just trying to give them all the know how everything they need to kind of stand firm and from then on let God release what he wants to release through that person's life so you know support provide leadership leadership is directives direction because if we don't do that then sometimes people are good people are skilled they have a heart and a burden to do God's work but they don't know how and that could end up in them wasting a lot of time just trying to reinvent the wheel but when there's somebody who can guide them you know lead from the front that's what people say right we be an example and we also instruct people clearly then they are able to go a great distance and accomplish mighty things for God and we've also said that you know once someone has grown in the Lord and the ministry is quite well developed there might come a point where the person wants to do something beyond the local church you know and that happens their ministry is not just limited to one local church maybe God wants to bless many local churches with the ministry you know by a believer or a set of believers at that point one in leadership should be willing to let go release them with a blessing release that ministry to the wider body of Christ so that's a little bit about nurturing and developing ministries you know nurturing and developing believers to walk in their ministry so any any questions on that any thoughts comments I think most of it is familiar isn't it so yeah unless you want to add yes yes Charles and I was I'm appreciating the fact about the workplace people being ministers in the workplace here in Uganda we have a church called Watoto they trained the children earlier and they are in the workplace they are in the Lord they are in the parliament everywhere and the church is now known because of the Christian witness that is done by the people that are worshiping from Watoto so it is so important also to train that the Christians are on duty full time 24 hours even if they are on the street teaching and preaching or they are not on the pulpit but they are in the government they are in the music they are everywhere so I appreciate that and I believe that the Lord is using us for that thank you so much yes thank you Charles very valuable so whether or not someone is classified as a full time minister every believer is a full time minister isn't it they are full time ministers and they serve in the way which God has called them yeah so anything else that you may want to add to that alright if not we can proceed and the next topic here is about nurturing and developing leaders so along the same lines actually but this is about leaders okay leaders who you are definitely going to assign you know ministries to lead and when they lead there will be a lot of people following so this is about leaders so far we have only touched on the topic regarding the believers so what to look for in leaders now even when Paul did his ministry he developed potential leaders you know Timothy is a good example we have talked about that he picked Timothy because he knew the destiny that God had for him so similarly you have people like Titus you know and you had Silas so there are people who were leaders who were part of Paul's team how did he pick them there is there should be some criteria picking leaders and the early church also they picked those seven volunteers remember how did they even pick those volunteers there was some criteria so keeping all that in mind we are just going to talk about some basics about looking for potential leaders so what kind of people are we going to consider Paul root to Timothy find faithful men and entrust the work of the ministry to them so there is some criteria and we have to look for that criteria to raise up leaders so a good leader or a potential leader is somebody who has a good personal life example so someone who is serious about following God who is consciously trying to live for God in every aspect of their lives it's not just about ministry sometimes there can be that disconnect that somebody does ministry really well but they are not necessarily wanting to live the life but here is the most important thing for us in selecting leaders and here at APC we also believe that just the way one's life like personal life example when they selected those seven volunteers in the early church they look for men of good report so sometimes it's okay to give time to people I don't rush them to leadership because people also need time to grow people also need time to develop that intention within I want to serve God you know I want to do well so they need some time let them take that time let them develop that good report and you would also see that they are sincerely trying to follow God sincerely serve God for maybe months or even years sometimes we need to wait for a couple of years before we decide and I'm sharing this from a leader's perspective okay from so even years observing that person what is their intention do they want to get famous do they want to get a name you know what is the intention if they if you see over time that this person they are sincerely wanting to serve the Lord they sincerely wanting to serve God if I got there's a good potential leader for you so look at their personal life example what they believe how is their personal work with the Lord and maybe all along you're talking to them you can encourage them you would probably excuse me know their challenges as well in those areas help them to develop their prayer life their time in the world their time in worship their witness their you know their ministry so develop develop everything and over time you would also notice that they have a good testimony even people around them recognize and say oh so and so yeah okay if they if they lead you know it'll be good or yeah I'm ready to follow such and such a person they have a good personal life example so look for somebody with a good personal life example that person would make for a good leader also look for spiritual and emotional maturity so in the case of leadership it is important you know to have somewhat steady spiritual walk with God and even emotionally a lot of things happen but no we can't be up and down up and down but maturity will if you have that maturity there'll be there'll be some stability in the person spiritually as well as emotionally so that person again would make for a good leader and such a person hopefully they have a grown past the need for popularity self promotion and you know other things that only satisfy the fleshly desires that one has and also you know yes maturity is important personal life example is important the alignment when we want to have someone as a leader they're going to steer things they're going to drive things so how is their commitment to the vision that God has for the local church what is you know how much are they aligned to the direction the teaching the standards we do not want to have built up you know God's work beautifully over the years and then somebody comes in yes they have the potential and all that but they steer things in a completely different direction so that shouldn't happen or they change the standard so far the standards were upheld really well but here comes a person you know they would bring down the standards and that's a very sad thing so alignment we can also see whether they are aligned to the vision the direction the teaching the standards of the local church otherwise you know you can have somebody who is talented but it does not really serve you know the destiny of the local church that God has and in fact that can be very dangerous you know the work that has been built so far can be destroyed overnight so alignment to purpose alignment to vision is also very critically important also look for somebody who is responsible responsible simply means having that sense of commitment and you know somebody who takes things seriously now we can observe this by the way they treat the tasks that were given to them maybe you know if someone is taking everything lightly yeah we can do it later that doesn't show that commitment so if that commitment is not there in the simple matters you can't expect it to suddenly arise when a huge task is given but when we see that responsibility even if it's a small task you can trust hey yeah this person is responsible they will do it okay they will do the best that they can so is that person responsible what about their commitment you know they do they just conveniently you know sometimes even when it comes to like I was sharing with us you know setting up church Sunday services some of our teams come in very early like you have to show up by 7 15 am if you don't show up imagine you know in our location we also have to open the door so the person who has the keys if that person has an excuse and says hey I couldn't yeah it will be it will be really difficult for the entire team they have to show up if it's a cold day or a sunny day or whatever it is it's not about convenience it's about commitment so responsible how responsible is this individual will they show up will they do what they have you know committed to do responsibility is important reliability reliability is when you can depend on that person you know that if a task is given they will go an extra mile to get it done or they will put in everything that they have to do an excellent job that kind of a person because otherwise you know one will keep wondering will this person do it I'm not sure I hope they do it you know if they don't do it I need to be speaking to somebody else to you know do that work and that doesn't make for a reliable person if one says they will do it and they are not going to do it then obviously that person is not reliable excellence excellence is to do the absolute best that one can do so you just see their attitude you know whether they are the kind who will work hard they will they will do whatever you know whatever is possible by them are they able to do you know a good work an excellent work and then continuous growth continuous growth is a desire to keep growing they don't settle because you see in one season of life ministry and work could be going on really well but it has to it has to adapt it has to you know change in a creative way and one must be open if people are just stuck with their old ways and not willing to go to the next level and that can be a hindrance for the ministry actually so one who is willing to grow continuously and then again you know having no personal agenda sometimes people want to be in leadership because they have all these personal goals you know I need to accomplish this and that and when that's done they are they are quite comfortable to just quit and they are not very concerned about the vision of the local church as such so all these things matter and it's only when we are careful so when it comes to leadership you know it's important to understand the person understand whether the person has maturity in all these areas because once you hand over the responsibility then going in and doing all this back and forth correcting the person and all it's very difficult so we do our best and again nobody is 100% perfect not even the elders of the church nobody is perfect that is a given we know that but we just do our best and also step in whenever there's a need to address all these areas we must step in so that we help that person you know lead well yeah so see that the person has no personal agenda gift and calling whether it is suitable sometimes people may be very reliable but I'm just giving an example maybe there is something to do with your Christmas outreach where money has to be given money has to be spent for Christmas gifts for old age homes just one example but what if that person who is very reliable has no training in accounting or has no training in handling numbers or money or even basic they may be reliable but they will not be able to do the work because they are not gifted in that area they don't have a calling in that area so it's like that we also have to see whether the person is gifted otherwise it's not good for the ministry and it's worse for the person because they'll get frustrated they'll be like what is this task you know I'm doing my best but it's still not going I'm not able to accomplish this so try to make that right connection, gifting, calling responsibility, maturity everything and also check whether they are good followers because it's usually those who are good followers who know that a leader has to go through all these things to really keep the ministry going somebody who understands the challenges of their leader and somebody who understands if I'm a good follower if I do my best to support the leader over me then the work of the ministry will be done well so somebody who is a good follower who has a heart of a good follower generally a person like that will be willing to work very hard and that person makes for a good leader as well so look for somebody like that and also leadership is about imparting into people's lives so one who is only about accomplishing tasks it wouldn't help especially in the area of church and ministry because leading people is also about nurturing people so one must have a heart for the people so look for somebody who is also a good nurturer meaning as they are leading they know how to look out for potential leaders themselves and they know how to teach, equip guide, encourage support others so such a person would make for a good leader so I think we are run out of time now let's take a 10 minute break and we will come back we will be back at 10.01 and let me see if possible I am just trying to complete the portions today so you have time next week I mean you don't have to join a class let's see let's go for a break class and we will come back in 10 minutes thank you


So we have a few minutes left for questions. One question is from Chris from Nivenhausen. Whether the policy supports exceeded the corporate liquidity shortfalls, meaning if you sort of add up all your numbers, whether you can see that firms actually were able to increase their cash balance? Yes, definitely this is about being that most money went to storm firms. In those things, again, we don't observe actual, you know, 2021 cash balances, but our model predicts that definitely what happens. Now, to check in real life this happened or not, we need real-life data. And the only work so far I know is the work from BIS, and co-authors using French data by looking at the actually what happened to cash balances matching firms to the policy pickup, the amount of policy they receive. And they find actually very similar results to us. Again, only four friends, but they find that, you know, a lot of money went to these firms, you know, kind of, you know, could have survived without the money, but also they didn't find its own location. So there's definitely a base in that sense, but maybe, you know, yes, storm firms got this, they increased their cash balances, but maybe we didn't create so much of a notification. So that's kind of the good part of this message. Okay. And then, so you tell mostly positive story for the advanced economies because of fiscal support. Does it mean there are no long-term scars? Or let's say that's remaining high or some reallocation needs that would call for further accommodation of monetary policy? Yes, that is definitely correct. There can be further scars. And that's exactly what I wanted to communicate with my last point that we should watch monetary policy and financial markets, right? Because there is a lot of debt, not just government debt, but also corporate debt. This corporate debt is higher actually in advanced economies. A lot of large firms just went to the market in advanced economies. They just, they just borrowed, they increased their corporate debt for sure. In that sense, for the future, there can be scarring and there can be, you know, downside scenarios if we are not careful with monetary policy and if we are not careful with general working of the financial markets. That's exactly it. Okay, and then there's a conjecture here since of course you cannot incorporate bankruptcy costs in your model. Is it fair to say that your output loss is sort of a lower bound so that these policy support measures may be really well for improving, especially in these developed countries where sometimes bankruptcy costs can be very, very high, especially in Europe? Yes, no, exactly, you're right. And we cannot incorporate that and that's exactly how to interpret it. But I mean, if you really start getting details of these bankruptcy stuff, I mean, it's amazing. So I really, at this point, recommend you don't look at these type of figures that show you all this much bankruptcy and exit during the Lehman collapse and European crisis and look, nothing happened now because this is very dangerous, these type of messages. When you look at these countries originating in bankruptcy, called just in normal times, forget to call it normal times, and now what happened to call it? It is a mess. I mean, they're just Germany. Germany actually basically, when you have a liquidity shortfall, you go and file for bankruptcy. You don't even wait to install it. You look at it, you file. Germany, stop that. You just cannot, even if you have a liquidity, you cannot file. So many, many things like that. So it is going to take us some time to sort this out. We also interpret it as a lower one, but I mean, once you start bringing this type of heterogeneity and what's really happened artificially during COVID on top of that type of bankruptcy and heterogeneity, things can change, of course. And last question. Can your model also show sort of the, well, when you do the prediction of your model, can you show sort of the evolution of bankruptcies because at least in Europe, bankruptcies actually came down during COVID quite substantially. Now they're starting to pick up just a little bit. So when you sort of do the sort of linear projections of your model, can you sort of mimic that data? Yes, we can do that, but on purpose we are not doing that because then you are going to say that, okay, this model is the only thing that will give you this. But of course, as I just told you, there are all these things. But on average, maybe you can take that seriously and we have a full offset, actually a negative number in advanced countries. Remember, I put minus 0.4 and that's pretty much going to, on average, match the experience of advanced economies. Correct. Okay, well, that's more interesting questions, but I have to let you go because Thorsten is waiting. Great paper. Thanks so much, Shepnam. Thank you very much.


Oh, hello, you beautiful viewer, and welcome to Loco in Love. I'm your host, Sergio Angelos. Did you know that according to the Pew Research Center, 75% of daters say that they have found it very or somewhat difficult to find people to date in the past year? Or that 67% of daters say that overall things in their dating life are not going well at all? And that 47% of Americans say dating is now harder than it was 10 years ago? Well, I hope that we can change that. Loco in Love is a new show by Lamont Public Media to help Lamont singles find love and to help two individuals commit the perfect crime to steal each other's hearts. Our first eligible bachelor is a charming, eloquent, warm-hearted man in his mid-30s. He recently purchased a beautiful home in downtown Launmont, loves his dog Remy, and makes a delicious enchilada sauce. Let's meet Shaquille, and as you get to know him, pay attention to your heart and see if it says, oh, there you are, I've been looking for you. I mean, secretly I'm a Bing fan. You know the ladies love Bing. I've never had applesauce before. No, I want to go back to the other question. Can you ask it again? I get nervous when I'm trying to impress someone. I'm depressingly straight. I'm good with my hands in multiple ways. Yes. What are you looking for? I'm Shaquille DeLal, 34 years old. I'm five foot six. I weigh 165. That's a lie. I weigh 155. 165 used to be the lie when I weighed 185, but now I can honestly say I weigh 155. I have two older siblings, two sisters. I moved to Longmont in 2017 to start a company. I break things before they get sent into space. Do you feel nervous? No, I don't feel nervous. Do you know I've never been in love? Have I ever told you that? I am looking for love. Do you have any pets? I have a dog. Her name is Remy. She's seven years old. She will always be happy to meet new people and she'll be very happy to meet you. Oh man, what is my favorite restaurant? I really like Long's Peak Pub. It's always less expensive than you expect it to be, even if you get beer and I really like the beer there. I like Westside Tavern. I think I have more favorite bars than restaurants now that I think about it. I mean, my favorite bar is Drowning Distillers. They are most famous for like their Escal, but I actually like their whiskey. Quarters is a really good place to take a first date. It's an arcade if you're like a little bit competitive and into video games. I think I am without a doubt a mama's boy. The way that I know that is because I've been cooking with my mom since I was five. I would get tricked into making this traditional flatbread that called a roti that Indian people make. It's sort of like a tortilla. Has to be handmade. Has to be fresh. You can't buy them in stores at least you couldn't back then. And so my mom would make like 200 of them every weekend for like all the week's meals and I eventually, I started doing it because it was fun and then it became a trap. But yeah, that's how I know my mama's boy. If you happen to be stranded on an island, what one item would you take with you? I mean is a dog an item?  Yeah, dogs are a thing. So I would take my dog. That's a good easy one. Yeah, yeah, we're going to go with the dog. Does the curtain match the drapes? Yes. What are you looking for? Sheesh. What? Do you want to match the drapes?  I would absolutely punch that child. How would my friends describe me? I try to be funny because I think people find that attractive and I enjoy making people laugh. I've been told that I can be really nice by people who have just met me. What's your favorite sex position? Honestly, I like cuddling and so anything that feels like cuddling is going to work for me.  I am really glad, comfortable with my privacy and just knowing that all of us are a little bit broken on the inside a little bit and as a result, we all have deep dark secrets that we'll never tell anyone and this is one of them. Truth or dare? Truth. I'm such a chicken. I'd rather reveal something about myself than actually have to do something. Here are three truth questions for you.  What's the last thing you Google? I actually turned my phone off so I'll go get my phone. Alright, the last thing I Googled. So does it have to be Google.com or what if I use a different search engine? It has to be Google. Wow, these are all really old actually. So the last thing I Googled was funny flags for house. So I have an American flag on my house because I am a very patriotic person. I'm liberal patriotic as opposed to conservative patriotic. Anyway, people tell me that having an American flag on the front of my house confuses them because that's like a very Republican thing to do. But you know what?  It's our flag too.  What are your skills? What is it? Is it your tool belt? What's in my tool belt? I have a battering in my tool belt. I also have a flashlight in my tool belt. Not one of those people who carries a pocket knife, but I do have a pocket knife that I sometimes carry around as a tool. I really enjoy cooking. I am good with my hands. I like fixing things around the house. I like to think that I'm generally good at things that I put some effort into being good at. Woodworking is not one of those things. I find woodworking incredibly intimidating. First of all, I think the table saw is like a fundamentally terrifying tool that can never be safe. What's your favorite part of your body? I don't think I have a favorite part of my body. I've got body issues with it, just like everybody else. I don't really think I have a favorite part of my body.  It would be real relaxing. It would be chill. Also, I think being a bird would be really cool. I think I would enjoy the sensational flying. I am a really bad swimmer, so a blue whale would be really cool. What are some of your hobbies? I play board games. I cook. I play with my dog. I'm really involved in my community. I love civics, so I'm involved in the local public access TV station, Longmont Public Media, LongmontPublicMedia.org. I really like local politics. I like getting involved in city council elections and helping candidates. I sort of think of my job like a hobby sometimes. I mean, obviously I'm getting paid for it, but it is a lot of fun to deal with stuff that goes to space every day. I really like work sometimes, actually. I liked science probably from like fifth or sixth grade on, but I think I knew I wanted to be a scientist after I took my first chemistry class. Yeah, so we'll call that a hobby of its own. I think if work wasn't scratching that itch for me, other things would have to. Where do you see yourself in the future? It's in Longmont. It definitely involves a family. I want kids. I don't know exactly how many kids. I think I'm going to be a really good father someday, and I'm looking forward to doing that. I think two is the right number. Three is a lot of kids, man. Raising three humans seems like a lot of work, but two I think I could do. What are you looking for in a partner? I think I'm looking for someone who has the same values that I do. I think values are what create a stable long-term relationship. Though in terms of personality, I like assertive personalities. I have a thing for prominent noses, like sort of angular prominent noses. I would describe my personality deep down. I am a gigantic softy. I get really sentimental about certain things. Yeah, I like smart people. I enjoy having conversations with people that are not just like small talk. I enjoy really learning about the other person because I think it's really interesting to learn how someone else sees the world. I think the view that I will never forget was a night in the summer of 2005. I was in the Monongahila National Forest, for a summer camp in West Virginia. I went for an evening stroll with the girl. We walked into this clearing in the woods where it was in the middle of the forest, but there were no trees. The cool thing about this part of West Virginia is that it's in the National Radio Quiet Zone. There is no light pollution of any kind. We walked into this clearing in the forest and the far tree line was just covered in fireflies. There must have been millions of them. You looked up into the sky and that was the first time I ever saw the Milky Way. 100% clear, no light pollution, nothing. I will never forget that moment. What's your type? I like assertive personalities. I like someone who just reads random things and has interesting things to talk about, whether it's like a magazine article or a news story, or just a fun fact that you have about whatever random situation we're in. I like having someone who I can experience something with and come away from that experience with more than if I had done it by myself. What are you looking for in a partner? I won't know until I see it. There have been people who I got really close to. None of them fit a template that I can identify. I don't know. I'll know when I see it. What? I think being in love is having a deep sense of trust with someone to know that you can rely on them and to know that they will be there and to know that you care more about their well-being than your own and that you can live your life assuming that level of ongoing support for them and from them and that's an empowering thing for a person that you can move through life with that kind of support.  Or maybe you were attracted to his radiant charisma. We'll be scheduling three dates for three lucky women and if you think Shaquille may steal your heart, let us know by visiting lawnmontinlove.com forward slash contestants. If you're single in lawnmont and would like to be on Loco in Love, let us know by filling out an application at lawnmontinlove.com forward slash apply. Tune in for the next episode and see if Shaquille inches closer to being Loco in Love. Until next time. Tried not to censor myself.


That was a question. Welcome back everyone to the FAA 2008 Sun and Fun. Our next program is going to be conducted by a fast team program manager, an FAA safety program manager, a colleague of mine. Mark Lafbridge comes from the Orlando office. He's got a background in aviation maintenance. But the thing that will unite us all is his passion for aviation and his passion for fun, along with safe aviation. Please welcome Mark Lafbridge. Thank you, Kathleen. It's great to be here. Sun and Fun is really going to have a great show this year. What I want to talk to you today about are his failure to follow procedures. And this cover is not only aircraft maintenance, but also pilots, procedures or something we usually do, something to do with them every day. So anyway, without further ado, a little bit of introduction to failure to follow procedures. We're going to go over some causal factors, then also some maintenance errors. A bit of an overview, like Kathleen told you, I'm with the FAA safety team. We're going to go over some regulations involving some of the maintenance procedures, an accident scenario, maintenance error findings, the aviation or safety net, safety motivation, and some safety tools. Objective, to provide awareness of the risk associated with failure to follow procedures, prevention of contributing or causal factors to help reduce maintenance errors. And again, this is brought to you by the FAA safety team. Mental limits. Here we've got a bolt with numerous nuts on it. And obviously, you have to take one off at a time, only one way to take it apart. But there's many ways to put it back together.  Easy task, right? Of course, there's only one way to disassemble them, but over 40,000 ways to reassemble them. Let's get started. Before we do, let's read out of the Good Book of Regulations. 4313, performance rules. A says that each person performing maintenance, alterations, preventative maintenance on an aircraft, engine, propeller, or plants, shall use the methods, techniques, and practices prescribed by the current manufacturer's maintenance manual and instructions for continued air wear that is prepared by its manufacturer. Or other methods, techniques, and practices acceptable to the administrator. Further, he shall use the tools, equipment, and test apparatus necessary to assure the completion of the work in accordance with accepted industry practices. If special equipment or test apparatus is recommended by the manufacturer involved, he must use that equipment or apparatus. And what I want to emphasize here is anywhere where you see shall or must, these are requirements. There's no getting around that. It goes on to say in 4313B, each person maintaining an aircraft shall do that work in such a manner and use materials of such a quality that the condition of the aircraft airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance worked on will be at least equal to its originally or properly altered condition. Now here, where it says at least equal to, many times and many of you may have heard the term, it's better than it was to begin with, better than original. Well, if it was better than original, then it's no longer meets that original. It's now been altered. And to alter anything with an aircraft, you've got to have approval for that alteration. So what we emphasize, and this is again, the minimum standard is that it is at least equal to its original or properly altered condition. Further in 4315, the performance rules for annual inspections and $100 is that each person performing an annual or $100 inspection, again, shall use a checklist that includes the scope in detail of part 43, appendix D. Before approving a reciprocating engine powered aircraft for return to service after an annual 100 hour, each person shall run the engines to determine the satisfactory performance of the power output in either static or idle RPM. And again, this information can be found in the manufacturer's maintenance manuals, also in the type certificate data sheet. That's a very important document that many people feel like they don't have access to, but actually through FAA.gov, it's available to anyone online. Also, you need to check the magnetos, the fuel and oil pressure, cylinder and oil temperature. These are all important. And again, all this information is available on the type certificate data sheet or in the current manufacturer's manuals. For approving a turbine engine aircraft for return to service after an annual or 100 hour, each person, again, shall run the engines to check the satisfactory performance in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. And at many times here, the only way you can accurately determine whether or not that the engine meets this standard is through these manuals because there are various charts and graphs needed to determine this for the day's condition, temperature, et cetera. So we've discussed 43.13, that the industry approved tools are needed and when we have to use them, the methods, techniques, and practices, and the performance standards. Additional procedures may include service bulletins, service instructions, airworthiness directives, which usually tie into the previous two mentioned there. Again, the type certificate data sheet, very important document. Also, supplemental type certificates. These are where the aircraft has been altered, but not a major enough alteration to require a new type certificate, but still major enough to where it, for instance, cannot be field approved by an FAA inspector. Instructions for continued airworthiness, the advisory circulars, 43.13, 1B, or inspection procedures for appendix D of 43. We're also going to cover some aircraft accident statistics to show you why that failure to follow procedures can lead to a very bad day. Let's look at some of these statistics from the National Statistics by the NTSB, Accidents They've Investigated, and some causal factors. This deals with the significant accidents caused in 93 major airline accidents by Gabriel and Marx, and it was determined that 12% of maintenance and inspection deficiencies were attributed to accidents. The failure to follow maintenance procedures can result in death, injury, occupational injuries in persons, or damage or loss to equipment, property, or damage to the environment, even. Let's look back from when aviation started to today's present time. In the early days, in 1900, early 1900s, when the Wright brothers got all this started, at that time, the human causes were few. We had very little control over the aircraft there, but the machine causes, because there again, we had no standards really at that time as to how aircraft were built. So at that time, the mechanical problems were many. The human causes were less so. But again, we've always got that element of human error, and human error is defined as the unintentional act of performing a task incorrectly, which can potentially degrade the system. And there are three types. Error of a mission, which is not performing an act or behavior, just didn't do it. Error of commission, which means performing a different act or behavior, something that's out of the norm that you would normally do. Extraneous error, performing some additional action, change from the norm. For instance, I mentioned about the, back in 4313, the standard there for, and I mentioned where a lot of people say, well, it's better than original. This would be an extraneous error. Now, here, this is a photograph from the late 1800s, somewhere in France where this locomotive, something tells me the operator there probably failed to follow a particular procedure, which this was the end result. Human error, there are different levels of human consequences of human error. There's little to no effect. You've got physical damage to equipment. And then we've got personal injury and ultimately a catastrophic event. Now, this is an example of a U.S. Air Force aircraft. This was a KC-135. It was being pressurized at ground level. The outflow valves, which were used to regulate the pressure of the aircraft were capped off during a five-year overhaul and had never been opened back up. The post investigation revealed that the civilian depot technician had always done it that way, using homemade gauge and no procedures. The technician's gauge didn't even have a max peg for the needle, so it was no surprise when he missed it when the needle went all the way around the gauge the first time. As the technician continued to pressurize the aircraft and as the needle was on its second trip around the gauge, the aircraft basically went boom. The rear hatch was blown over 70 yards away behind a blast fence. In this incident, even though it seems funny, they're never really funny and it's further regrettable when you consider that this mistake caused us, the taxpayers, a lot of money. Fortunately, no one was reported as being injured. Now, this is a good lessons learned for making sure that we have trained people who have the right tools and who are following detailed procedures. And it should serve as a reminder that just because you've always done it that way does not make it the right way. Let's take a picture of this aircraft. Here you see that that's gonna take quite a bit of work to get that back in shape, which obviously would never happen at this point. And if you'll notice the hatch between the two blast fences, that's that hatch that was blown off the aircraft. Failure to follow procedures or result of human errors related to one, a lack of knowledge, lack of current technical data, lack of experience, lack of proper tools or equipment, also lack of training, which can then tie back into the lack of knowledge, lack of proper preparation of resources and failure to take safety precautions. Also, failure to research and follow federal aviation regulations. This is an accident we're gonna discuss. Flight 5481, this accident happened on January 8th, 2003. And in this, you'll see where there were numerous procedures that were not followed. It was a beach 1900 with 19 aircraft or 19 pastures, two crew. They lost pitch control on takeoff and crashed, killing all aboard. Probable cause was the loss of pitch control during takeoff, resulting in incorrectly rigged of the elevator control system, compounded by the aircraft's aft center of gravity. Contributing was the operator's lack of oversight of the work being performed at a maintenance station, maintenance procedures, documentation, weight and balance. The mechanic who adjusted the flight controls on the beach 1900 turboprop was doing the job on this type of aircraft for the first time, according to sources. He expected the inspection by a supervisor and whether that inspection occurred is, was never really determined. Now the mechanic was told to do the job according to his sources that his inspector or supervisor told him to follow the steps and that he would watch him. But the guy was busy, his supervisor. And this did not happen. He was managing the rest of the operation there at the hangar, I'm sure it was quite a busy atmosphere. Now some of the bigger maintenance bases, including some of the third party shops, there's typically more support for a mechanic, including inspectors and more supervisor and spirits coworkers. If you'll notice there on the left, there's a detailed, detailed six inspection work card, talking about the aft fuselage eponage and it includes there the non-specific references and inadequate instructions that were available to this mechanic. What he followed was what he was given. What he didn't know was that this aircraft on the right here, that because it had a specific flight recorder installed in the aircraft, flight data recorder, it required different procedures. But in the task card he was given, there was no reference to those procedures. So he had no idea that there were additional procedures involved. Now the NTSB findings found that there was failure to follow procedures by the company, the manufacturer, there was failure to document actions, failure to communicate in the turnover process, in supervisory oversight, regulatory oversight, and that there was generally a lack of safety culture. Their recommendations for Flight 5481 was that for the manufacturer of Part 21 aircraft, they identify appropriate procedures for complete functional checks of each critical flight system, determine which maintenance procedure should be followed by such functional checks and that for manufacturers and 121 air carriers to modify existing maintenance manuals to contain procedures at the end of maintenance for a complete functional check of each flight control system. Part 121 air carriers implement a program in which air carriers and aircraft manufacturers review all work card maintenance manual instructions for critical flight systems, ensure the accuracy and usability of these systems to the level of training is mechanics. Preventative measures, by employing the performance standards set forth in the regulatory requirements, the manufacturers and operators procedures. Some of the safety nets that we've got are performing the task to the best of your ability, perform it to the task where it's equal to its original condition, perform the task in accordance with appropriate data. Also perform the task using methods, techniques, practices acceptable to industry and the administrator. Also perform the task without pressure, stress or distractions. Have your work reinspected by someone prior to returning it to service. Make sure you've done the proper recorded entries for the work performed in the aircraft maintenance records and perform operational checks, again in accordance with the manufacturers or air carriers approved procedures. The motivation, your motivational considerations to do the job to the best of your ability are to lower your risk and your reliability. Obviously, this day and age, the liability has a large effect on pretty much everything we do. Take pride in your work. This also reflects your character and it's your responsibility as a professional. It's good for the company, it's good for the profit and losses. Anytime there's a loss, that definitely affects the bottom line. It's also good for business and the public confidence. If there are air carrier that has many incidents, the public's gonna take note. The bottom line is the safe thing to do. Here we have a safety maintenance tool and again, this is, whereas most of this presentation deals with maintenance, again, this carries over into the pilot arena because again, pilots in general aviation aircraft are responsible for the airworthiness of their aircraft. In this maintenance tool, safety tool, we have a before task. On the backside of the safety tool, there's after the task and I won't go over each one of these, but I encourage you to go to your local FA office, contact a FA safety program manager to get you a copy of this. This can be used in not only for maintenance, but also you can utilize this after you've received your aircraft from maintenance. And again, we in the FA, we stand ready to join with you to guide you and assist you in every way possible, but the primary responsibility for aviation safety rests with you. Thank you, thank you Kathleen.  He gave you a whole lot of detailed information and he gave you a whole lot of specifics and in the bottom line we're talking about safety is how you do it day to day and now we'll be switching up to Studio B and go forward with the rest of our program. See you back later.