My name is Luke Slaughter. Cattle is my business. It's a tough business. It's big business. I've got a big stake in it. There's no man west of the Rio Grande big enough to take it from me. Luke Slaughter of Tombstone. Luke Slaughter of Tombstone. Civil War cavalryman turned Arizona a cattle man. Across the territory, from Yuma to Fort Defiance, flagstaffed to the Wachukas and below the border through Chihuahua and Sonora, his name was respected or feared depending on which side of the law you were on. Man of vision. Man of legend. Luke Slaughter of Tombstone. The bunkhouse had quieted down an hour before and I should have been in bed myself. But I stood on the veranda watching the heat-lighting play around Apache Peak. It was quiet. Too quiet. Then I heard a single rider coming into the ranch held bent for leather. I sensed trouble. I was right. Luke, is that you? Yeah, Wichita, what's your hurry? That little bunch that we cut out for breeding and took to the upper Mesa this morning. What about it? Well, them critters is gone. There's only one trail leading up there. Yeah, and all the tracks on it are pointed downhill. At the bottom, they found out toward the border. How much of a head starter they got? Well, Pete Packer come in for supper and I went out night-hurt after about three hours, I reckon. Get Pete and Inky from the bunkhouse. Saddle up my night horse. We've got some riding to do. Son of Luke. Yeah. I'd be catching up with them brand artists pretty soon. Without them knowing it if we can. Dern couties. When I get my old Winchester Lord on them, they're gonna know it. Hold up there. What's the matter? You got a smell of them? Look, up there. On top of that rise. Why, that's a secretor.  On foot from here, Wichita. Sure.  There's the herd, but I don't see any riders. That wasn't no cow. Rustlers must be down there in the draw. Sit tight, Wichita. We gotta give Pete and Inky time to get in the other side of them. Well, we keep on being announced. They're gonna know we're sitting out here waiting to pot them. Get ready. They know it now. Can't see too well in this light, but just show me something to shoot at. There you go, off to the right. Hold your fire. But Luke, they're getting away. We're just gonna sit here. Let's move in slow. Only one horse rode out. This could be a trap. We're coming in! Throw it on your guns. Looks like there was only one man and he's gone. What do you think that is sticking out from behind that rock over there? That's a boot and a man's leg. Come on. Yep, it's a man all right, but he appears to be dead and weeing far to shot. He's been knocked out. If he don't wake up in time, he won't know he's been strung up.  What about that other one? Without the critters to slow him down, he'll make the border before we can catch him. Let's see what this one has to say first. Come on. What'd you say? I didn't catch it. Give him a drink. He's still human even if he is a thief. I hope it chokes him. What? What hit me? Well, Luke, he's just a kid. Yeah. What's your name, boy? Who are you? Luke Slaughter. These are my cattle you're trying to steal. Let me go! Easy now. I'll ask you once more. What's your name? Rainier. Buck Rainier. I think I do. What are you going to do with me? We're going to hang you up to dry on the nearest tree. I ain't done nothing. Ain't done nothing. You was trying to make off with 50 head of cattle, that's all. Hold it, Wichita. Ain't done nothing. Wasn't your father Buck Rainier the shotgun messenger who was killed last year on the stagecoacher under Prescott? What of it? How about your mother, Buck? What became of her? You just leave her out of this. Luke had other ones two miles away by now. Let's string this one up and get after him. We're going to let him go, Wichita. Let him go? We got our cattle back, didn't we? And one pipsqueakin' kid. You going to be satisfied with that? Yes, Wichita, I am. It's getting light now. You find Pete and Hinky and round up these critters. Buck and I will locate his horse. Well, what are you going to do with him? Take him back to the ranch with us. I don't want to go to no ranch. Doesn't look to me like you've got much choice. By the way, why did your partner put you to sleep? I ain't going to say. Suit yourself. All right, let's go. Yeah, come on in, Wichita. How's the boy doing? I didn't eat no supper. None of the hands will talk to him. Poor kid. Couldn't be more than 17. Luke, you're harboring the cattle rustlers. They don't make no difference. What you doing it for? Wichita, do you remember when his daddy was shot last year? I ain't exactly sure. He was riding messenger on the tombstone to Prescott's stagecoach when it ran into an ambush. Rainier was killed. Oh, yeah, I seem to recollect now. I knew Buck Rainier. He worked for me several years ago when I brought a herd up from Sonora. He was always talking about this boy. Proud of him. He said he was going to build up a stake for him. Well... Can't be much of a daddy when you're dead. Last I heard, he was living with his mother over in Prescott. Well, he sure ain't now. Appears to me he's made up his mind what trail he wants to ride. With a little help, he might change his mind.  Why not? He's liable to stab you in the back and make a run for it. He's a son, Wichita, but I don't think there's any such thing as a bad boy. Men make him look that way. You picked a good one to prove that. It's open. Come on in. Look here, slaughter. I want to know what you're aiming to do with me. Dang it, you speak when you're spoken to.  Put away that gun, Wichita. Luke, you going to let him talk to you that way? You go on back to the bunkhouse. I'll send him down in a few minutes. All right, Luke. Things is coming to a pretty pass when you treat rustlers like they was visiting neighbors. Sit down, son. I don't want to sit down. You smoke? Sure, I do. Here's the makings. Thanks. Wichita tells me you didn't eat any supper. I wasn't hungry.  Can you join me? You want me to eat with you? Well, now I don't see anything wrong with a couple of men sitting down to a meal together. Do you? Well, no, I... Sit down. What have you been doing since last year, Buck? Odd jobs. Been a cook's helper lately on a wagon outfit working out a press cut. That's an honest job.  I didn't decide to... I ain't going to tell you nothing. As you turn you over to the sheriff, you know that, Buck. Then go ahead and do it. You admired your father, didn't you? He was a good man. I know, Buck. But since he's dead, you're trying to prove in your own way that the name Rainier means something, aren't you? Yeah. And I will, too. By cattle wrestling? No, you wouldn't believe me if I told you the truth. Nobody would. But you try me. I'll handle this in my own way and in my own time. Why won't you tell me anything about your mother, Buck? Did she remarry? No, I don't want to talk about my mother. I see. Well, let's eat. Then you get out of the bunkhouse and get some sleep. You've got work to do tomorrow. Work? Starting right now, you're one of the punchers on this spread. Forty a month of keep. And you're equal to any man in the outfit as long as you do your work. That is if you want the job. If I want it, you bet I want it. Wichita, I'll outfit you in the morning. That sharps you a carry and when we pick you up, we'll do for a saddle gun. And this Smith and Wesson ought to do for holster duty. You...  Every man carries at least one. Mr. Slaughter, I... I'm gonna be the best dog-gone hand you ever had. You know, Buck, I believe you will. Let's eat. Luke, I give you credit for more sense than you're showing about this kid. What about that now? Why, letting him ride out of here by himself at night. You don't expect him to come back, do you? What did you say? Well, you give him permission to take one of your horses, didn't you? I did not. Of course, Steve, in addition to being a wrestler. Of course, if you want to let him go, well, I'm sorry I bothered you. All right, saddle up my night horse. Yours, too. We'll go after him. Yeah, if you're asking me. Well, I'm not asking you. Now, let's get him before he pulls another fool's stunt. In a moment, Luke Slaughter of Tombstone returns. Have you got a little list? Paper cups, paper plates, charcoal, sandwich, wrapping, mustard, napkins. Write it on a list, so nothing will be forgotten. Next weekend, you'll be joining the rest of America for the first big outdoor weekend of the year, the big three-day Memorial Day weekend. You'll be heading for the beach, the woods, the mountains. And don't land there without the forks, the Franks, and the film. Don't find out too late the vacuum jug fell to the floor last fall. Check now. Buy now at your grocers or drugists. And now, act two of William M. Robeson's production of Luke Slaughter of Tombstone. I'm gonna cover his tracks. Looks like he's headed straight for town. That new artillery he'll give him. He can create quite a ruption before he runs again. He's not running, Wichita. He's up to something. I wish I knew what it was. He's up to something, all right. Probably gonna meet his rustling friend and tell him what an easy mark you are. Wichita, if you've been kicked around as much as that boy, you'd take a few wrong turns, too. Well, but he don't know right from wrong when you lay it out for him. I think he does. Now, I know what you think, and I know what I think. Let's keep quiet and find him. Sure, Luke. That's the way you want it. There's my pie ball tied up in front of the Crystal Palace. You think he's in there? Let's take a look. Now, what you gonna do if he is in there? Call him out? No. Let's stop here by the door where we can see. Do you spot him? Yeah, far into the bar. Talking to a man with a black mustache. Yeah. Slick-looking saddle warmer, ain't he? Looks like he's been riding hard, too. Never seen him before? New one to me. I told you that kid was coming to town for a powwow. Here he comes. Let's get back out of the light. Now's the time to grab him, Luke. Quiet. Well, he sure ain't looking to be spied on. Headed right back for the ranch. Wichita, you wait here. I'm going in and talk to that waddy. Talk to him? Why don't you get him arrested for wrestling? Takes more than suspicion to arrest a man, Wichita. You're sure doing a lot of pushy-footin' over one stray kid. We were all kids at one time. I think this one needs a nudge in the right direction. If you don't get your pinfeather singed while doin' it. Whiskey bartender. You, uh, you join me, stranger? Huh? Oh, why, sure. I'm Luke Slaughter. I'm a spread in these parts. Oh, well, my name's Price. Price? I don't recall having seen you in Tombstone before.  No offense. I'm always lookin' for good cowhands. You're interested in a job? Who'd be?  He works for me. You know him? This is a public saloon, Slaughter. I was talkin' to him, same as I'm talkin' to you. Sure. If you want that job, come on out tomorrow. Anybody can tell you where I'm located. Thanks, Slaughter. I just may do that. Good night, Price. I see Wichita got you outfitted. Sure did. These new duds feel awful good. The next thing you'll need is a string of horses. A string? All my own? I never heard of a cowboy doin' his job on foot. Gosh, my own string. Since you've taken a liking to that pie ball you were ridin' last night, let's start with that one. How'd you know I rode into town last night? I know. Ain't you gonna do nothin' about it? I figure when you get ready to tell me what you're up to, you will. You trust me, don't you, Mr. Slaughter? I trust any man until he proves he isn't worthy of it. Ain't nobody ever trusted me before. Not like that. It's about time somebody did, then. Oh, uh, by the way, I ran into a friend of yours at the Crystal Palace last night. Name of Price. Price? He ain't no friend of mine. Oh, I thought he was. I offered him a job. You offered him a job? Anything wrong with that? Well, it's your spread. Now, I'd like to pick out those horses now, if you don't mind. All right, let's go down to the corral. Well, looks like Price is gonna take me up on that job. I'll go on down to the corral. No, you wait here. Good morning, Price. Morning, Slaughter. Hello, Buck. Good morning. I'm glad you had to offer. Glad you did. You want the job? How many head do you run? Around 500 right now. Increasing it gradually. That ought to be enough to keep a man busy. I'll take it. Good. You're obviously in old hands, so I'll pair you up with Buck here. Mr. Slaughter. That sounds good to me. Maybe I can teach the kid the thing or two. I'm sure you can. Now, Buck, we'll pick out two strings of horses. Ride nightguards, my specialty, Slaughter. Oh, well, we can start you right out at that, tonight. Most of the boys prefer a bunkhouse duty after dark. Mr. Slaughter. Yes, Buck? Never mind. Let's get the horses. Dang it all, Luke. You didn't even let me finish my supper. You can have two suppers tomorrow. Did you tell the boys what I told you? Yep, said you and me had to ride in the tombstone on a cattle deal this evening. Rise over here, you? Make sure you did. Good. Now, we ain't going to town. Where are we going? Same place we went two nights ago. Upper Mesa. Why? Kidding that new fellow prizes right tonight, heard up there tonight. Went up nearly an hour ago. You trust that combination? Not, but you're the boss. Give a man enough rope. He's liable to hang himself. Give a boy enough rope he might get tangled up. I figure Buck's tangled up.  I haven't seen him do anything wrong.  Here's a trail entrance leading up to the Mesa, Luke. You want to go first? We'll stop right here. Here. Whoever comes down has to pass this point. It's the only trail. You aiming to ambush pricing that kid? Ambush? No. Observe is the word, Wichita. You could observe them back at the ranch. What you going all this trouble for? Proof. I'll bet you a heifer against four bits there's another wrestling attempt tonight. How do you figure that? Did you take a look at Price's hands? I didn't like his face. Didn't get as far as his hands. They're soft, gambler's hands. He's not a working cowboy. What does that prove? Nothing yet. But I think that Price is the wrestler who got away the other night. And I think he's forcing Buck to act against his will. Well, if you ask me... I didn't. Now let's hide the horses and get set. Yeah, but Luke, if the kid helps Price move them cattle out he's guilty of wrestling no matter what you think about it. This time he won't be knocked out and if he doesn't answer some straight questions he'll go to jail the same as Price. Here they come, Luke. Appears who was right. Yeah. They didn't get down off the trail into the flat and then we'll challenge them. There's Price and the kid bringing up the rear.  Keep me covered. Either one of them reaches for his gun, shoot. Gotcha, Luke. All right, get ready. Hold it, Price. Wait a minute. This is as far as we're going. What are you talking about? Come on. We gotta keep these critters moving. I'm not going any farther and neither are you.   Now, what's the idea of the gun? I've taken all I'm gonna take from you, Price.   I don't know what my mother sees in you.  Well, you can't make me one, too. Your ma's a pretty woman, Buck. We're gonna get married on the money we make selling this herd.  You ain't one-tenth the man my daddy was.  You ain't gonna add no more to it.  No, I'm not. If my mother wasn't mixed up with you out of told Mr. Slaughter who you were the night you knocked me out and left me to take the blame. I don't know why he's been so good to me, offering me a job and all, but I'm not gonna pay him back by letting you get away with this.  Don't reach for it, Price. Cover it with your tongue. Mr.  I couldn't stand by and let you commit murder, Buck. I've learned all I need to know about Mr. Price and his wrestling. Now, just a minute, Slaughter. You're still on your property and you can't prove a charge of wrestling. Price, did I give you orders to move that herd down from Upper Mesa tonight? Well, no. Just who do you think the judge is gonna believe? You, uh... you still want me to work for you, Mr. Slaughter? Of course I do, Buck. And after the trial of this sidewinder here, it might be a good idea if you took a week off and rode over to Prescott to see your mother. I'd like that. Take along a copy of the Tombstone epitaph that dealt about Price's trial. It'll set her straight on the mistakes she almost made and let her know what kind of a man she raised. Luke Slaughter of Tombstone, starring Sam Buffington, was written by Alan Butzer and directed by William N. Robeson, editorial supervision by Tom Hanley. Supporting Mr. Buffington were Junius Matthews, Sam Edwards, and Vic Perrin, with music composed and conducted by Wilbur Hatch. Next week at this time, we return with... Slaughter's the name. Luke Slaughter. When we meet up again, you can call me that. Luke Slaughter. This is the CBS Radio Network.


Waheguru Juka Kalsa, Waheguru Juki Fateh. Thank you all, thank you to all of the Sangat for being here today. I want to especially thank Minister Chagor for her kind introduction and thanks also to everyone who is involved with bringing us all here together. I know there was a lot of work done and it's wonderful to see so many people come together here. In particular, I'd like to thank Darshan Khan for lending out his office for the Akan Bhatt and to the Ottawa Sikh Society for all their support. And thanks to the Dr Harjot Kaur for her fantastic singing and before that Rapindar Kaur and our own Anjou Dhillon. This room was once known as the reading room but perhaps the singing room would be more appropriate for now. Thank you for sharing your talents with us today. Across our country, at Nugur Kirtans and in Gurdwara's, we will see hundreds of thousands of Canadians celebrating the creation of Kalsa in 1699 by Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji. When we reflect on the creation of Kalsa, we think of the call that Guru Gobind Singh Ji made for five brave volunteers to be inducted into the Kalsa. What Guru Gobind Singh Ji had in mind was a society based on equality. Those five individuals came from different religions, castes and professions. When we think of Canada, it's the same principle applied. Equality is our objective. Every Canadian, no matter who he is and where he comes from, deserves a real and equitable chance to succeed. And that is as it should be. In a country as welcoming and diverse as Canada is, a country strong not in spite of our differences but because of them. Unfortunately, as we all know, Canada hasn't always lived up to that ideal. This year, we'll mark the 102nd anniversary of the Komagata Maru incident, where 376 passengers of mostly Sikh descent arrived in Vancouver and were refused entry to Canada due to the discriminatory laws of the time. The passengers of the Komagata Maru, like millions of immigrants to Canada since, were seeking refuge and a better lives for their families. With so much to contribute to their new home, they chose Canada. And we failed them utterly. As a nation, we should never forget the prejudice suffered by the Sikh community at the hands of the Canadian government of the day. We should not and we will not. That is why next month, on May 18th, I will stand in the House of Commons and offer a full apology for the Komagata Maru incident. An apology made in the House of Commons will not erase the pain and suffering of those who lived through that shameful experience, but an apology is not only the appropriate action to take, it's the right action to take, and the House is the appropriate place for it to happen. It was in the House of Commons that the laws that prevented the passengers from disembarking were first passed. And so it is fitting that the government should apologize there, on behalf of all Canadians. It's what the victims of the Komagata Maru incident deserve, and we owe them nothing less. Just as we look back and acknowledge where we have failed, so too do we need to celebrate the remarkable success of the Sikh community here in Canada, and Visaki is the perfect opportunity to do just that. April is a special month, not only for Sikhs, but for all Canadians. It marks the anniversary of the adoption of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which ensures that no Canadian needs to make the choice between their religion and activities in their day-to-day lives. The Charter ensures that the five Ks are protected. As Canadians Sikhs gather with their loved ones to mark the creation of the Khalsa, it is a chance to reflect on shared values and celebrate the successes of the past year. I know that these values, a dedication to community service and to the principles of equality, inclusion, and respect, serve as inspiration to all Canadians. Values a commitment to honest hard work and volunteerism, while ensuring equality for all. The Sangat here knows the value of hard work and understands the sacrifices that have been made so that future generations may have greater opportunities. The Sikh community in Canada is more than a hundred years strong, and its members have always excelled in every field and sector. In so many ways, this community is key to Canada's own economic and social success. And I know this past year has been a really remarkable one for Canadian Sikhs, particularly in the political realm. My friends, I am so incredibly proud to serve in a parliament that has 17 Sikh members. Each is an exceptional individual. But there is one part of Harjit Sajjan's story that I think is particularly interesting to share on this day. Between 2011 and 2014, he was the commanding officer of Dukov-Khanat's own, the same British Columbia regiment that once forced out the Komagata Maru. A century ago, Harjit's family might well have been turned away from Canada, and today he is one of four members who now sit with me in cabinet. As you may know, with the record number of Sikh MPs elected last October, Punjabi became the third most common language in the House of Commons after English and French. Now I can't claim to speak the House's third language as well as I do its first two, but on this occasion, I am deeply honored to be able to say again, WAHE GURUJICA, KARSA, WAHE GURUJUK, KIFATEH


Thanks for joining us at Think Tech, Hawaii for another difficult conversation to make good trouble. And we have with us today, Professor Vinnie Liorando, Professor Emerita from University of Dayton School of Law, and a leading expert for decade on race and the law and racism, with a website with a lot of materials for any of those interested in the subject racism.org Tina Patterson in Germantown, Maryland, not New Jersey, we're not giving Chris Christie any more jurisdiction or dominion than he already has. Mediator, arbitrator, consultant, business advisor, Jeff Portnoy, who's right now in Big Sky, at the Ninth Circuit Judicial Conference, leading senior Hawaii First Amendment and constitutional attorney, partner at Cage Shuddy, and Ben Davis, Professor Emeritus from University of Toledo School of Law. And now visiting professor at Washington Lee School of Law and former chair of the American Bar Association section of dispute resolution. Welcome everyone. So one of the questions that was raised late in one of our recent sessions was, what's the responsibility of the media to public health, safety, and information? And how does it measure up in these times? Any thoughts on that? Jeff, you're our media expert. Can you repeat the question again one more time? I didn't hear it. Okay, so the question is, what's the responsibility of the media in these times for public health, safety, and truth, and information? And how are they measuring up? Well, I think it depends on your definition of truth. That's a major problem, isn't it? We apparently have 50% of the country believing one truth and 50% of the country believing another truth. But it's a very difficult question as to what the responsibility of the media is because the next question is, who's the media? So, I think with 160 cable channels and God knows how many internet sites, people will have an opportunity to survey the truth and determine what they believe the truth is. And clearly we know that television viewing is divided up between the left of MSNBC and the right on Fox and Newsmax and CNN sometimes in the middle. So, I think the media is doing the best job it can under very trying times. I think the major problem is social media and not the traditional journalists. Professor Randall, your thoughts? Well, I think that, first of all, I think all of the media, traditional and social media are problematic. And particularly traditional media, because they tend to present information as if it's objective without, they decided that it's objective without values and that is pretty problematic. But my concern is I wish people was doing research and getting both sides, but as a person who finds myself constantly in groups that conflict with other groups that I'm in. So I'm in the black nationalist group and the feminist group and the Christian group. And what I find is because of my work on race and racism, I tend to look at a lot of different things from a lot of different sides. And, but what I find is, is people in those groups are not doing research. They're not doing study and looking at alternative point of views and they're tending to get their information, not from media, not from, they're tending to get their information from other people who believe like them. And that's who they trust the most. And that information is often incorrect or biased. So if people would, verify information and before they pass it on, whether from traditional media or not, that would be wonderful, but that's not happening. Dana, your thoughts? I agree with Jeff. So it's a two-parter as far as my answer. As far as responsibility, and I'm gonna talk about the role or ideally when it comes to public health and safety, public information is the most important. It's vital and distributing that information as many channels as possible. The challenges, and I think this is why this question is arising, is what is a, do we have reliable outlets, whether that's printed media, social media, or otherwise, where we can literally tell someone, this is the information that needs to be distributed and please distribute it far and wide. Instead, we get filtered or refiltered or attributions added that in some instances, it's helpful, but in many instances, it's harmful. And in some instances, it causes lives to be lost. And so I think that's where this question is coming from. I know when I underwent emergency response training, one of the chief vehicles we looked for was who to reach out to, to get the information to the wider public, whether it was a public, a natural disaster, or if there was an incident, and when I say incident, it could be an active shooter or another event that took place where you wanted people to know, here's what the status is. And this is where having trusted channels that you can literally distribute that information is critical. The truth part of it, I think is, again, is going to be in the eye or the eyes of the recipients, what's true. But so that's why I say it's a two-parter. One is relying on the channels we have to. And two, trusting that they're going to do what they've been entrusted to do and when they're not finding an alternative means. And also hoping that the recipient hopefully has enough, has the ability to hear, critically think and analyze what they're hearing and say, you know, that just doesn't make sense. Why should I drink Clorox to make me feel better when there's a sign on the back of it that says it's poison? Okay, Ben, your turn. So first thing is that all the media are out to make money, all right? So they have to get market share or whatever, eyes, whatever the thing is to get the advertising. So that's what's driving the business side of what they're trying to do. And obviously that reality can be complicated when it has to deal with issues like truth. I would say that the classic case we've just seen is this case of the 10 year old girl who was raped in Ohio and had to go over to Indiana to have the abortion. So that was the story of truth. And what first happened in certain media elements was to simply deny it was true, all right? And then when it came out later, because it even up to the attorney general of the state of Ohio denying that it happened, right? I mean, literally that far up the line of terms of truth tellers you would expect. And then later on, of course, you find a guy gets arrested for, guess what, raping this 10 year old girl, right?  Not about the girl and the fact that of her tremendously horrific experience does not become the focus. That's deflection. So denial and deflection is a game that the media play with truth. In the same time, over in Indiana, what happens there? The attorney general Indiana wants to investigate the doctor who gave her the abortion, right? That makes a whole big thing about that. And so that becomes another kind of deflection, not focusing on the fact that post-dobs, this horrific situation happened for this 10 year old girl. Now I happened to read recently that there's the latest statistics from 2017 that said that there were 4,500 little girls that year who had abortions across America.  That's the broader thing that's going on that we could think about right now. What about those half of those states where there's maybe 2,200 little girls going through this kind of horrific thing from incest or rape or whatever? That story you don't hear. That's the story that would be, I think the next level up to help. Now the anecdotal stories, the individual stories that I think are helpful to crystallize people, but it's a broader systemic problems that are caused that are kind of getting lost because it requires doing research and as Professor Randall knows, people don't like to do research to put that stuff out there. And the media, I think is really on the forefront of not wanting to do research. They tend to want to just interview people, take a few facts and said, he said, she said, without. Take that 10-year-old, the story about the 10-year-old girl and the governor.  On a technically level, the way I read the deal, that was true as a medical necessity was included. But no one talked about how she could have gotten it in Ohio, what a medical necessity would be, whether or not that had been defined. And if she tried to go to court, if she tried to get an abortion in Ohio, she certainly would have been blocked by a temporary motion to stop the abortion while they define medically necessary. And meanwhile, her pregnancy would continue. And in all cases, it's quite possible that they might decide that an abortion for a 10-year-old is not a medically necessary, unless there's some evidence of life threatening. And then she would have been pregnant with the eyes of the public on her, no way to get to Indiana and get an abortion because it might have been past their time. That's the full story. And what I have problem with the media is they don't tell that story. And then this represents the story in the headline. And so, and we know that a good portion of people only read the headline. And so, you know, it's misrepresented headline and it's not told in the body. And how can people be well-informed about public health issues if the organizations that are out there putting forth stories on public health are not giving a full representation of the situation, the facts, the medical information, whatever. It was very frustrating because there was snippets that were untrue or misrepresenting. I'm gonna have to stand up for the media here because the media is not responsible for people's reading and viewing habits. And I don't think that you can lump the media together anymore. In fact, I know you cannot because if you read the New York Times and you read the Washington Post, you have all that information that you guys are alleging is not available because it is. I read the Washington Post every day. Their stories are 2,000, 3,000 going to great detail. The problem is that half the country believes that the Washington Post and the New York Times are in the hands of the Democrats and the liberals so they discount anything that's in there. And I don't disagree with you that what huge percentage of people just looked at the headlines. But look, the media makes mistakes. I've been representing them for 50 years. I know they do and I'm using the term media but it just depends. I mean, we don't have small town papers anymore. We hardly have papers in major cities anymore but we have multiple outlets, the real problem. And I've just been sitting here at the Ninth Circuit and we've had programs on what's happened between free speech and social media. You really have to come down and make the decision and whether you're gonna allow all kinds of speech whether it's on the internet or some other form and then hope that people can discern what the truth is or not, but it's very difficult. And when you have 20% of the people are adamant that the election was stolen. 40% believe it's possibly that it was stolen. Two years after the election, what's the truth? We all know the truth. How many times do people have to be told that it wasn't? Or when you deal with COVID and the vaccine, you know that 15% of the people think that COVID was invented by Google and by Facebook and people like that. I mean, it's crazy. So the country's in turmoil about what it believes but I don't think you can blame quote the media. You can blame aspects, huh? No, no, you can blame the whole media. When you can quote who organizations out of thousands those two organizations are the exception, not the rule. And you can blame the whole media. People should not have to go to the Washington Post. People should not have to go to time to get accurate full information. And to say they do is to, it is the media. It's not, you can, a few exceptions doesn't change media, the fact that how we can characterize the whole media. Yeah. Jeff brings up a really good point which is the underlying confirmation bias, the selectivity in what people are even willing to consider and parrot and spout forth. Ben, you had some thoughts? Well, again, there is the confirmation bias, I agree. And part of that is related to the fact and it's one of the things that Jeff was pointing out is the disappearance of local newspaper, the reduction in the sizes of newsrooms and all that. So that the actual people to do the legwork that used to be there maybe 30, 40 years ago, they're not around. And that dictate just let's just have two faces on one side on the other side. And that's it kind of media that we're so used to these days. And it's one of the changing landscapes of media. I think that in addition to the social media thing that's going on, but I wanted to emphasize another aspect of this, which is that confirmation bias has been around a long time and snake oil salesmen have been around a long time selling all kinds of stuff, like on the COVID and all that. And back in the day it was those little snake oil bottles or something like that. So the problem is, they're marketing, right? They're trying to make money. They're trying to make money. That you got to understand. There's no regulation that is allowed on all these efforts that are really at the heart of it about making money.  All of that is about making money and getting some power. So that's just the way the American landscape is going. What I'm optimistic about though, and believe it or not, I am optimistic, is that this is the summer of rage right now. I went to a women's march thing on July night and that's what it was in time, the summer of rage. And one of the things they wanted, federal laws to address all of these potential Supreme Court decisions that are vulnerable on the substantive due processing. And I'm optimistic because in the house, they passed the codification of Roe. On the house, they passed the codification of Obergefell, Larn and Lubbock. They're working on a codification for Griswold. Now you say, well, that's just the house. Yeah, I know, but the thing that's great about it is that it puts people on the record as to which side they voted on. And if they vote against it, vote them out, okay? Then we get over to the Senate side. There's gonna be another game on the Senate. But that's all happening now. Not, we promise in the future after the election, if you give us what we want. These votes are happening right now. There's even an assault weapons ban thing that's going up apparently soon to go in now. Put people on the record now. They vote against what you want, vote them out. The other thing I would just add on the media is I have a fairly conservative congressman. He puts up on his official website quotes from the Bible.  I don't really mean my member of Congress quoting Bible to me, right? I mean, there's supposed to be a role where your religious tests are not allowed under the Constitution. And I find that really bizarre that people think that that is okay. And I think it's normal for these quotes from the Bible to be put up every once in a while. So I didn't put up a quote myself, but beware of false prophets, okay? I can do that again. But, you know, it's that kind of... People of Congress having an article or something in a newspaper about what is this putting up quotes from the Bible. Well, Ben, I'm not as optimistic as you and people know that I'm very pessimistic. There's all kinds of bills that have passed the House of Representatives in the last two years and have gone nowhere. And unfortunately, looking at the polls, come November, the House will unpast all that legislation. And even if they didn't, and some miracle occurred, which it's not gonna happen, the Republicans are gonna control the House by 20 or 30 or even more. You know, Jeff, I've heard that story for the last year. These bills that you say... No, I've heard that story for the last year, but I'm just gonna say to you, we are in a post-Dogs environment. I'm gonna say, I have seen the summer rain. The polls have not shifted. I have seen the summer rain, brother. Ben, Ben, Ben, the polls haven't shifted if you look at a state-by-state basis. I hear you, if you take the national polls, which are controlled by populations on the East and the West Coast, all of the things that you and I want should have happened and will happen. Unfortunately, it's not done that way. Each state has two senators and 30 of the states are never gonna go the way you and I would like it to go. So post-Dogs, post everything else, not in the foreseeable future, I do not believe. All right, I'll make a prediction. Beto O'Rourke is gonna win Texas. You watch. I make a prediction, Ben, the strange for whatever this is, and it's from white women, because they ain't raging over racial things. This rage will peter out soon as they go back and settle down and figure out they got the money to get the abortion they want. And they will say, well, let's start up through the system. We need to work through the system. It's not that bad. And come December, this is my prediction. Come December, they'll be at home drinking at parties, supporting laws, voting on people, signing petitions, Ben's gonna be raging. The woke white woman argument I had to deal with when I was at that women's march thing on July 9th from a brother.  And I said, hey, man, this is about black women too, because forced pregnancy went out with slavery. Absolutely about black women. And black women had been in the street for the last 500 years and they got no change on the street. The white women are the part of the equation that is needed. And they're gonna go back to their homes as soon as they figure out that they got the money to do what they want to do and say, let's the system work. And Ben, and Ben, by next June, when the Supreme Court rules on the North Carolina case and takes away any power of state supreme courts to control elections and leaves it completely in the hands of state legislatures, you'll have your ticket to Canada or wherever else you'd like to move to. You know, that's what I love about you all. You're so optimistic. You're in the middle of the battle and in the middle of the battle, all you're saying is we can't win, okay? So I'm gonna say to you, what is the common theme for black people in America in the last 500 years? It's been, we will fight at the end of the day, no matter what. We will fight. It's been, we've been dying on the side of the road all of the way because we've been killed all of the way. And if we count the bodies of the dead people, we will know, yeah, we keep marching but we don't get nothing until white people say they want to do it. Yep, and I'm gonna say to you, even with that, we know that and even with that, what do we do? We keep fighting because yeah, they can play all these games but Reverend Barber's out there and other people are out there working and people bringing lawsuits and people do whatever they need to do to make the change happen. So would you please leave your pessimism by the door and try to be a little more proactive? Hey, Chuck, this is a great conversation because for once no one's attacking old white men. Not yet. If you'd like me to attack old white men, I'm gonna tell you that one of the things that I have a problem with with all these state legislatures that are trying to set up these abortion limitations is these folks don't understand women and girls' health. Like this is Lady down in Louisiana, had a miscarriage. She, the best medical treatment would have been for her to have an abortion but because of the law, they weren't sure they could go that way so she had to have an induced delivery because they don't understand women's bodies.  I'm not adopting Professor Randall's the nurse but all I'm trying to say is that that seemed insane to me because the right of law that makes no damn sense for women and girls' health. There ain't about women and girls' health.  Apparently you can't do it. You can't do it. They did. What do you mean they did? Yeah, but one that is medically sane. Okay, I'm talking health, medically sane.  They've forgotten or they never knew. I mean, these guys have said, I can't believe a 10 year old could get pregnant. I said, oh man, what do you think puberty was about, man? All these little girls turning getting puberty 10, 11 years of age. All of a sudden they're in the box. They're running that risk. People said they didn't know that. Thanks, Larry. And we're out of time for today but I wanna finish off, Tina, you've been very patient. Any last words, notes of optimism, pessimism or where to go from here? I'm gonna go back, then Chuck, thank you. You started off asking about the media and I think my co-panelists have brought up a lot of good points about where the media is failing. I would pose this question for us to think about. We know the media is failing. How do we harness the failures to our advantage to get the word out about what's factual, what people really need to know and have them act accordingly? We see articles that say six minute read but we are really in a world where everything is a 30 second soundbite or 140 to 245 characters. How do we take advantage of that instead of, it's not working, we know it's not working but how do we leverage it so that it works to get the message out that we need people to hear? That's a great way to wrap us up for today. Thank you all. Professor Randall, Jeff, Ben, Tina. Thank you all for joining us. We'll be back in a couple of weeks. Thanks from Think Tech Hawaii. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and LinkedIn and donate to us at thinktechhawaii.com. Mahalo.


Welcome everyone to my session, Kubernetes and Checkpoint Restore. My name is Adrian Reber. I work for Red Hat since 2015. And I'm involved in process migration, which is the basis, or which is the result of Checkpoint Restore for at least 10, 11 years now. I'm involved in CRIU in some ways since 2012. CRIU is the basis as the tool we use to Checkpoint and restore our processes and container here today. And I'm focusing on container migration around, I would say, 2015. And the agenda for today is I first want to give an introduction about a few definitions I'm using. Then I want to show a few use cases why Checkpoint Restore and container migration might be something useful. And then I want to give some details about basically how CRIU enables us to checkpoint and restore processes and containers. So first, the definition of container life migration, because the work to get Checkpoint Restore working with container is always also the possibility to migrate containers from one system to another one. And basically the idea behind container life migration is transfer a running container from one system to another system. You could also call it maybe stateful migration because the state of the application in the container is not lost, but continues to be there. From a very high level view, container migration is basically we serialize the container on the source system, write it to disk and transfer the image we written to disk to a destination system. On the destination system, we restore from the image the process the container and so we have container migration. As mentioned, this is all everything I'm talking about today is based on CRIU checkpoint in restore in user space. The reason for the name is at the time CRIU was first developed there were different approaches to checkpointing and restoring in Linux. There were kernel only approaches. There were mixed kernel and user space approaches. There were approaches where you intercepted system calls and CRIU took another approach and completely did it from user space using existing interfaces to collect as many information about a running process as possible. There are multiple integrations of CRIU and container engines and container run times and we want to present some of those here. The one I have to present first is the OpenVSET integration because they invented CRIU. They had some mechanism to migrate containers before CRIU but I think they were not able to upstream it to the Linux kernel so they worked on something which can be upstreamed and which everyone can use and so they invented CRIU and they are now using it to migrate containers using CRIU. Then there is Borg. Google's container engine it also uses CRIU to migrate container especially for long running jobs which take a couple of hours. If one of the container nodes is out of resources or is soon going to be out of resources then Borg can move the container from one system to another without stopping it and without losing a couple of hours of work which might have already went into the currently running job. There's a integration of CRIU in Lexi, LexD so LexD can migrate containers from one host to another host using CRIU. This also exists for some time already. Then there's an integration in Docker. There's a checkpoint and a restore command which you can use to checkpoint a container then transfer it to another system and restore it. And the same exists for Podman. That's what I've been working on the last three, four years now to integrate CRIU into Podman. And the work I have done for Podman I have also brought to CRIU and I'm working on this now for about a year The problem is the pull request cannot be merged in CRIU because it depends on changes to the CRI API and this requires changes to Kubernetes so it's a difficult situation because you cannot implement one without the other and so you have to start at some point and then you can implement the other thing but the one thing doesn't work with others. So it's complicated and we are discussing this how to best integrate it into Kubernetes. Interestingly enough there's an issue often about migration open in Kubernetes since 2015. There's also a lot of discussion going on there but until now nothing has been merged into Kubernetes to implement migration or to at least get a step closer to implementing migration in Kubernetes. So now about a couple of use cases. The first use case is reboot and save state. I try to visualize it here. So we have a container running on a host and the host is memories blue and the container memory is red so to see the differences here. So we want to reboot a host because we have to upgrade the kernel but we do not want to lose the state of the container because it takes forever to start. So what do we do? With checkpoint and restore we checkpoint a container write it to the local disk then we reboot a host so the original host with its memory is gone and then once the container once the host has rebooted into new kernel we have a different color but we have the same container running as before it's still red as before. I have prepared a demo to show this here so let's connect to a rel 8 system using portman so let me start a container portman run so this is a wildfly based container it's a Java application server and it has a real simple stateful application in there which returns just a number and once the number has been returned it increases it so the next time I get a number or increased by one so it's stateful and now I can talk to the container and ask for the value so I give it 0, 1 and 2 now I say I want to create a checkpoint of the container so I say portman, container, checkpoint checkpoint a last container and export it to the file so now portman will write the checkpoint file to the disk and then I can reboot the host and later I can restore the container from that checkpoint file the checkpoint file does not only include the checkpoint of the processes in the container but it also includes changes to the file system because when the wildfly starts it creates log files and a lot of files to manage its things so all these changes to the file system are also part of the checkpoint archive so now let's reconnect to the VM let's see there's no container running so let's restore the container portman, container, restore and I say import and I give it the tar file from before and now if we connect to the container it should give us backup 3 instead of the 0 as it would when starting from scratch so let's talk to the container and then we get a 3 and a 4 so we did a reboot and we were able to save the state of the container back to the slides and next use case is what I call a quick startup so again we have a container of host and a container again takes a long time to initialize and now we want to start up the container faster so we take a container, a copy of the container so we have the container we take our checkpoint of it but we leave the original container running and then we can create multiple copies of the container on the host so let's go back to our demo system so let's say I create another checkpoint I say partman, container, check checkpoint last container and now I say keep it running, don't stop the container after the checkpointing and I again export it to the file I'm overwriting the existing file so we don't need this anymore so now again the same thing, it will create a checkpoint and the file system differences or everything will put into an archive and now I can restore it so the original container is still running I can still talk to it and now I can restore a copy from the container so I say partman, container restore, import again and it will now fail because partman sees that the id and the name is already in use and so it tells me I cannot restore this because it already exists so I tell partman then use a different name for it so let's say counter1 now it will restore the container a copy of the container as counter1 and another copy as counter2 and then we should be able to talk all containers independently so now I can say partman, inspect, counter1 to get the IP address of this one so it says again 6, 7 this is the point where I checkpointed it from and now I can also say inspect counter2 and again 6, 7, 8 so we create multiple copies of an existing container and in this small demo case I can see already improvements in the startup time because usually my wildfly container takes like 8 seconds until it can answer the first request and it takes about 4 seconds to restore from a checkpoint so I already already have like 50% improvement in startup time restarting from a checkpoint so the next use case is container live migration this is basically a combination of the two things I've shown before so again I have container running on a source system I take a copy of the container and write it to disk and then I transfer it to a destination system and there I can create multiple copies if I want to so let's go to so I already have to checkpoint okay now I already have to checkpoint so let's transfer it to another system say temp, dump, tar and transfer it to another system where is it here and so now it's middle in the container migration and now I'm on the other host and there is no container hopefully running here now I say portman, container, restore, import again from the file I just transfer to the host it's restoring the container and now I should be able to talk to it and I should get probably again a 6, right? 6, 7, 8 so now we have migrated the container from one host to another host using portman's feature to export checkpoints so I have one more use case here this is the forensic container checkpointing and this is also the use case we are currently working on our Kubernetes enhancement proposal and corresponding pull requests to it so the idea is we want to introduce checkpoint restore into Kubernetes but it's complicated as I said with the CRI API so we try to implement a really simple use case of checkpoint restore which requires minimal changes to Kubernetes most of the changes do happen in the container engine so what we want to do is we want to checkpoint a container which we think something is not right with the container something seems to be strange but we do not want to analyze the container in case there is an attacker there and in case the attacker has put something in the container to detect analysis of the container so what we do is we take a checkpoint of the container out of Kubernetes and try and then we can transfer the container in a sandbox environment where we can start it without Kubernetes but without influencing the original container so I also have a demo for this here so this is now a Fedora system no longer the system from before I have prepared it here in a screen so there is a Kubernetes running with cryo in combination so let's see cryo control ps okay there is no container running this is just the the DNS from Kubernetes anyway so let's start a part with two containers so part with two containers created we can see the first container is already starting up the same container as before again the wildfly based container and there is now a second container it's called counter it does the same but it's just a python application this time we want to checkpoint the python application so let's see we first let's talk to the container and see what it returns to us returns 1, 0, 2 so it's the same as before just implemented in python and now we want to checkpoint the container without stopping it so we created a kubelet interface which lets us checkpoint the container so it's called checkpoint then we say default namespace pod name is counters and container name is counter so we now say let's checkpoint it now kubelet is talk to cryo cryo talk to runcy runcy talk to screeu and container has been checkpointed if we access the container again we see it's still running so the container has not been changed so now let's stop kubelet is here on this host and I will now my windows here and now I will remove from this host ok no more containers running here now let's create a new pod in cryo directly and in this pod we can then restore the container so I say cryo control create a pod and if I say cryo control pod is now I see there's one pod running so now let's ok now let's restore the container cryo control restore and the checkpoint has been written to disk here and I'm telling cryo to restore it in the pod I just created so now the container has been restored and now I can access it again under a new id and it continues to run here and you can see cryo control yes I see the container is running under disk but there's no more kubeletes running now kubeletes has been stopped so this is now running so I took a container out of kubeletes and it kept on running in kubeletes and then I started another cryo but I used the same cryo but the idea is to take it to another version of cryo and restore the container for example and this way we can analyze the container without changing the original container so now I want to talk quickly a bit about how cryo works and how it enables us to checkpoint and restore processes and migrate them in its way so the first step is always of course checkpointing and so what cryo does is it uses ptrace to pause all processes cryo always operates on a process tree so we point cryo to a process and cryo will checkpoint this process and all child processes it will collect all the information of the processes invited to disk this will be paused during that time and can continue to run after the checkpointing the first thing cryo does and where it got its name from is it collects the information from user space using the information available in procped so it goes through the information there and the initial idea was that cryo uses as many existing interfaces as possible over the time cryo added additional interfaces to the linux kernel but those interfaces are never checkpoint restore only they can be used for different things and so there's not really any specific checkpoint restore change in the linux kernel today so cryo collects all the information from procped once it has all the information it can collect from the outside of the process it goes into the process to collect information from within the processes address name space and to do this cryo uses something called parasite code the parasite code is injected into the process it replaces some of the original code and the parasite code is then starting again and it's basically running a demon inside of the process and now the main cryo binary can talk to the demon running inside of the process as the parasite code and collect information from within the name from within the address space of the process so we can see inside of the process using this and one important thing cryo does using the parasite code is for example to dump all the memory from the processes using from within the processes address name space and this way we can dump the memory really fast and if you look at migration times the most time is spent in transferring the data over the network from one host to another host so dumping the memory from the process to disk is fast also reading it back is fast compared to the time it takes to transfer the process from one system to another over the network so once the parasite code has collected all the information and written to disk the parasite code is removed after usage this is called or cryo calls this curing the process the process will never know that it was running under the control of cryo or the parasite code it will just continue to run I try to visualize the parasite code a bit here so we have the original process code to be check pointed then remove one part of the code and save it outside of the process then we replace that part of code the parasite code the parasite code starts is running in the process we collect all the information from within the processes address name space and once we have collected all the information we need we replace the parasite code with original code and check pointing is then finished and at this point after all relevant information has been written to disk and the target process can be killed or it can continue to run in the demos I've showed we have seen both ways either the process keeps on running or not so this really depends on the use case what you want to do so after check pointing the second last step is restoring the process this happens by reading all the check point images from disk and then we recreate the process tree for each PID, TID just as it was before check pointing we do a clone for each or clone 3 depending on your kernels for each process and recreate a process tree just as it was before check pointing and once we have the process tree create more all the processes into the original processes like they were during check pointing and one good example I think is always the file descriptors so during check pointing we look at the file descriptors which file descriptor points to which file and what position in the file do we have and we write this information to disk and during restore we reopen all opened file with the same file descriptor and then we position the file descriptor the correct position and once the process continues to running after create who has done all its work the file descriptor will be at exactly the same position and will be the same ID will be the same file just as it was before so the code which will access the file descriptor will just get the same file the same content same position create will map all the memory pages back to the original location it will load all the security settings like up armor as a linux or secom we do the security settings as late as possible to not to make restoring easier because if we load it early it might block something we do here then create jumps into the restored process and and the process continues to run from the point it was checkpointed and with this I am at the end of my crew part the next few slides are just details what I did in my demos just if you want to try it out for yourself the steps are listed here in the slides so first was the checkpointing then the restoring and restoring with a new name creating copies and with this I am at the summary of my talk so crew can be used to checkpoint and restore containers it's integrated in different container engines already it's used in production and use cases are presented where you can reboot into a new kernel without losing the container state you can create multiple copies of your container for fast startup if you have a container which is slow starting up or if you want to collect quickly on requests you can migrate running containers from one host to another host using checkpoint restore and crew and the thing we are working on currently for for Kubernetes is the Kubernetes enhancement proposal 2008 is the forensic container checkpointing with which we hope to enable first steps of checkpointing containers in Kubernetes with this I am at the end of my talk thank you for your time and happy to answer any questions you might have


Hi there, I'm Jeff Watts and I've been lucky enough to work with thousands of agile teams over the years in all sorts of industries from gaming to pharmaceuticals From banking to telecoms from startups to footsie 100 companies and pretty much anything in between and one thing that all of these Completely different contexts have in common is the importance of the product owner role This role the champion of the product the person who's tasked with delighting customers and maximizing return on investment is without question an incredibly tough one And the number one complaint I hear from agile teams is they don't see enough of their product owner But equally the number one complaint I hear from product owners is that there aren't enough hours in the day Product owners need to understand the scrum framework and of course all of the principles of agile development And they're going to need to become proficient in a number of formal and informal product management techniques That's a given and there are plenty of courses out there that can help you with that Now while this knowledge is essential It's not enough Because I've seen loads of product owners who have all that knowledge. They know scrum. They know product management techniques But still many of them wouldn't be considered successful The difference between the good product owners and the great product owners is how they handle the psychological and the people related aspects of the role Making decisions with incomplete information because we're never going to know everything Being ruthless enough to focus on what's really important and getting feedback early Taking the time to get informed about the stakeholders and the development team Developing a versatility in your leadership style based on the context and the people you're attempting to lead Great product owners know they can't do everything themselves So they empower and nurture collaboration with other people while also Increasing their own levels of empowerment. And of course, there's negotiation necessary with so many people with an opinion and desires Learning the psychological and the people side of the product owner role isn't easy I grant you but this is my specialism and I'm going to guide you into a greater understanding of your mindset Your thought patterns your biases and your strengths I'll help you understand why some aspects of being a product owner are more difficult than others and Give you practical tools to help you master yourself You are going to build amazing products you're going to lead a more product focused organization You're going to delight your customers and build a fulfilling relationship with your team sure Of course, you could do just fine as a good product owner But why settle for good when you can join me on this course and become a great product owner


We just turned this regular piece of MDF into a BAM! This antique vintage rusty sign using a little bit of Mod Podge, some sawdust and paint and we'll show you how we did it right now. What is up? Welcome back! Do you like to do a builder to make it? Great! That's what we do on this channel every week. This week it's Technique Tuesday. Except on a Friday. But you can watch it on a Tuesday. Kim saw this sign on Pinterest. It was metal and rusty and it looked repurposed and I'm not a metal worker so I said I can redo that out of some MDF, Mod Podge and sawdust. So that's what we're doing today. We're gonna do some fake rust sign upcycle thing. Step one, we're gonna gather all of our stuff. This was an easy shopping list again. I say it all the time. We just needed a two foot by two foot MDF board. I think it's quarter inch thick. Some paint, some Mod Podge and our secret sauce. The sawdust. Step two, now we're gonna lay down a base coat on our MDF. We're using this cascade. It's teal. It's teal. And that's so as we distress it, it's just peeking through from the bottom. So we're just starting with the foundation of this teal color. Who paints this way? And it's done! Step three, now we're gonna add our texture. We're gonna use some Mod Podge and some sawdust and we're gonna make a big, a galopy mess and spread it on the board. Maybe. I'll put you one right there. It's like a lot of sawdust. Yeah. Yeah, that looks like a good feeling. Maybe you think the consistency is like baby food? Some sugar, egg mixture, but you don't want to do that. Yeah, it's just like baby food. I got it all mixed up.  Soupy ice cream. Soupy ice cream. Yeah. Now we're just gonna dab it all over the board like in a random pattern so that it doesn't look like we dabbed it all over the board. The corners, the corners will be rusty. Looking good, huh? I can't even tell you that. It's already looking rusty. If you don't have sawdust, you can always use sand, dirt, some kind of powder. Just to give it a little texture. You're just trying to give it some texture. Something to give that paint something to grab onto. Step four. Now we're gonna make it look all rusty. We're gonna use some dark brown acrylic paint, some orange acrylic paint, some silver, a little bit of copper, and some yellow and just layer them. We're gonna start with a dark brown and just layer it in there. Stip it in with the brush. You can use the junkiest brushes you have. This is the brush leftover from the sawdust and stuff. Now the base. That looks good already. So you're just going over the sandy areas. Alright, without letting it dry and without changing my brush, I'm just gonna move on to orange and kind of do the same thing. Try to keep it a little dry, a little speckly. Same brush, still not dry. Coming in with a little bit of this copper. Just the little little smooches of copper. I think that's where the copper works. You can't do it. You just have to dab it and you can't stuff it. Wash it. We're gonna whitewash all over the teal. Everywhere where there's teal we're gonna use this wood tint whitewash stuff. What's this gonna say about excess wood with a clean cloth with a designer repeat of one second coat. Wait 30 seconds to absorb. Yeah, I think you're supposed to then wipe it off. Yeah, that's okay. I think that'll look fine. We'll at least start with that. So that whitewash tint really wasn't what I was going for. It stayed soupy for a long time. I had to wipe it off. I like what it looks like on the rust. But now I'm gonna come back in with some chalk paint over all the teal and cover it up. You should like flick it in there. Like, whisper it into the rust. Yeah, I'm gonna get a paint down. Hurry up, into the sides. Just about dry. Now we're gonna hit it with some high heat and some spots to try to crack and bubble the paint a little bit. Mainly around where the rust is. So we do this a lot when we're trying to get the paint to dry quickly. But you don't want to put the heat in one spot for too long because it crackles and bubbles the paint. But that's kind of what we're doing here is allowing it to crackle and bubble to give it that textured finish like the rust is eating away the paint. I'm gonna add some more paint to chip it. See what chip it's doing. Step, I'm gonna add the stencil. We're gonna make it a sign now. We got a big old stencil. It is a 24. Well, this design ends up being like 24 by 23 or something. Next step, we're gonna add a coat of Mod Podge over top of the stencil. So if you've watched us at any time before, you'll know that our number one tip for stenciling is put this coat of Mod Podge to keep it from bleeding. Now this one, because there's so much texture on this board, I'm a little nervous about the bleeding. But that's what I'm gonna do. I'm gonna add the Mod Podge to see if I can get it to help and help prevent bleeding. Add that seal around the edges of the stencil. Alright Mod Podge is dry. Now we're gonna come in with some more ink paint. I guess it's chalk paint, but it's ink color. Yeah, ink color. We're just gonna dab it on. Dab it. Dab it, dab it. Gonna use these little square dabbers this time. I'm all out of sponge brushes. I'm out of so many things. That's thick. Looks good. What you guys think? Looks pretty authentic, right? Real metal sign. It does. It looks really good. It does. What you guys think? Does it look real? Do you guys like this technique? Do you have any other techniques to make things look rusted and worn? Well, what do you think of the stencil? I was thinking about offering the stencil in our store and maybe letting you customize the initials and the established date. What do you think of that? You think I should somebody interested in that? Let us know in a comment down below. And if you're not yet subscribed, hit that subscribe button because we do this every week. Be sure to tick that bell to be notified. And until next week, maybe watch one of these videos over here, like this one right here, or Kim's. They're all good.


Hello in this lecture, we're going to talk about the closing process step two of the four step process being closing the expense accounts to the income summary. Remember that the goal of the closing process is to close out the temporary accounts that would include the draws as well as all the income statement accounts including revenue and expenses to the capital account. So we want our adjusted trial balance the thing we used to make our financial statements to look like the post closing trial balance with all these zeros from the capital accounts down. How do we do that? Last time we did the first step step one which was to close out income to the income summary. This time we're going to close out expenses to the income summary. Next time we're going to close out the income summary to the capital account and finally close out draws to the capital account. This is step one. What we did in step one was close out revenue to zero. So there's one of those zeros. We want all of these to be zero. So we have started in our process in step one but we have a ways to go. We'll get a lot further in the process in step two here where we are going to close out expenses to the income summary. Income summary being that new account that clearing account which now has the revenue in it. What we're going to do now is make all the expenses zero. How do we do that? Well wages expense has a debit 195 870 in it we need to make it go down. We're going to do the opposite thing to it. We're going to credit the wages expense. Now because we're going to credit all the expenses notice all the expenses have debit balances they generally only go up. I'm going to put the debit on top. The debit will be that clearing account. We're going to put everything into the income summary. We don't know the amount yet so I'm just going to say hey there's the debit. We're going to list all the expenses. All the expenses will be credits and then we'll figure out what that income summary account should be. That will be the debit to plug out the debits equaling the credits. So we have wages. We're going to credit the wages expense for the amount that's in there the 195 870. If we post that out I'm going to post it as we go because this will be a bit of a longer journal entry and we can see the progress as we go. We're going to credit that account making it go to zero. That was the goal. That's the objective. Same goal and objective for the utilities expense which has 42 375 in it. It has a debit therefore we're going to do the opposite and credit it. If we post that out as we go notice this will be a longer journal entry. That's not just two accounts in the journal entry. That's okay. We're going to say credit of 42 375 bringing the balance down to zero. That looks good. That's what we want. Then we have a debit of 1000 insurance expense. We're going to do the opposite thing to it. We're going to credit it. If we post that out as we go then that's going to bring it down to zero. That's what we're looking to do. Then we have a debit of 2000 925 in supplies expense. We're going to do the opposite thing to it bringing it down. If we post that out then we're going to credit it bringing the balance down to zero and finally we have depreciation expense a debit 1100. We're going to do the opposite thing to it bringing that balance down to zero. So that will bring all these to zero. We did what we need to do. Now we need to do whatever we need to do to make the debit equal the credits for this journal entry because we will not be other in balance otherwise. Ultimately remember we wanted to go to the capital account but we're putting it first into the income summary. So we're going to debit the income summary which has at this point 332 250 which was revenue or income. Now what we're going to do is take all the expenses that we put into this one number all the expenses being included in this 243 270 and post that to the income summary. The revenue that was in there the 332 250 then the expenses that we have now closed in the income summary 243 270 giving us if we subtract those out the 88 980. What is that number that is net income. Remember that we ultimately want this number into the capital account but this is kind of our check figure before we do that last process. We can ask the question now we can say okay is it the case that all the income statement accounts are zero at this point. Let's take a look here. Yes they're all zero everything from the revenue on down the expenses are zero and is the amount in the income summary equal to net income which was reported on our income statement as of the end of 1231. It is OK then now it's OK for us to take it out of there and apply it out to the appropriate equity account in this case being just the one capital account if we were like a partnership then we would have to apply it out to multiple partners. But in this case we're going to say OK now we've got that 88 980 we can apply it out then to the applicable capital accounts. Therefore this is where we are at at this point in time. We have all these zeros down here we're closed. That's what we're getting close to. We want everything from the capital account on down including draws and the income summary to be zero. What have we done so far. We've closed out income to the income summary. Now we just closed out all the expenses to the income summary. And next time we're going to close out the income summary now having net income in it to the capital account then we're going to do that last step where we see that 5000 that too needs to be closed out draws to the capital account.


I think as far as the town, they've certainly got a plan in place, and they do the warnings with regularity. But I think individually and in our communities, we need to lock up and get ready. I mean, this has made me go home and put together a first aid kit. I mean, I'm a nurse and you've got stuff all over the house, but unless you gather it together and it's ready to go, what good is it?  But you know, I've got a proper first aid kit now, and I maybe wouldn't have done that if I hadn't have come to this exercise.