What a great day in San Antonio, Texas, and a great day for the state of Texas. I'm Nelson World County Judge, and it's my pleasure to act as master of ceremonies today. The Lieutenant Governor of the state of Texas is by far the most powerful office in the state, even more powerful than the governor serving in the Texas Senate. The Lieutenant Governor acts as the presiding officer, and in June of this last year, there was a crime from the Senate floor, and the words were, did the President hear me or did the President hear me and refuse to recognize me? At what point must a female senator raise her hand, or her voice, to be recognized over her male colleagues? That was Senator Van DePute, and we're going to hear that today. I'm very pleased to recognize and bring up Representative Ruth Jones McClendon to provide the opening prayer. Ruth served on the city council when I was mayor. We've been dear friends ever since that time. So Ruth, will you please come up and do the opening invocation for us? Thank you so much, Judge. It is an honor to be here. This is so exciting. We're going to teach you with the National Convention in Denver. I was right there with her. I was assisted in. And I'm so proud of my sister, she is, she is, she is, just moving right on, face-by-face with me, Almighty Father, from whom all blessings flow, and will, and freedom, and for opportunities and for our benefits, and enlighten our dear Senator Van DePute, soon to be Lieutenant Governor of the capacity as Lieutenant Governor. We know that none of us are perfect. So my prayer is that you guide each of us, press today, to pray without ceasing, for the strength to recognize all our own mistakes and selfish tendencies so that we can be in a position to stand in, support, and be an honest sounding board for the teacher whenever she needs us. And finally, dear God, please stand with DePute, her beloved husband, with her mother, and this faithful, loving family. But we know that a teacher cannot do this alone, and then prepare, oh Lord, all of us for our own good deeds, and by our own good deeds for an eternal union with you through Christ, oh Lord, amen. I have the postings of the colors by the FW post 76, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance by Bonnie Eric. I apologize, I'm going to put my back to y'all for a second. Pledge of Allegiance. I pledge allegiance to the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation, under God, indivisible, liberty and justice for all. Please welcome Erica Gonzaba, who will sing the National Anthem for us. There's nothing more important in life than La Familia. And if you look here at Pete and La Tisha's family, and the great, great strength that they built with their children, and Bella, what a wonderful family. And we're pleased today to have the first born, Dr. Nicole Vandepute Stiles, who is practicing at Southwest General Hospital. She will introduce her mother. Please come up, Nicole. Thank you all for coming today. I'm Dr. Nicole Vandepute Stiles, and I knew that you all would come by the hundreds. You know, in fact, I think just the Vandepute family alone could take up this half. But I know her, and we know her as mom. Ever since I was a little girl, during our regular and famous family meetings, our parents instilled in us that if you work hard and you pay attention in class and attend Mass on Sunday, life would be good. Mom constantly reminded us of the importance and value of a good education. Every morning when I would wake up, my mother would look at me and say, Good morning, Mejita. Say good morning to Jesus. And then, either on my way out the door when I was in grade school or sometimes over the phone when I was in college, she would say, Mejita, you were the smartest girl in your class. Learn with all your heart. Learn with all of your mind and have a wonderful day. Her confidence and strong focus on education has helped me become who I am today. A practicing physician of obstetrics and gynecology in San Antonio's beautiful South Side. And I am so proud to have followed my mother's footsteps as a practicing healthcare professional. Our family and our faith were challenged this year through so much personal tragedy. With the strength of our family holding tight and with your warm thoughts and prayers, we have come through stronger than ever and with a newfound resolve. And we are excited about what the future holds for us. The Vanderpute family had one of our famous meetings last week and one that reminded me so much of the others that we had in the years prior. And I couldn't be possibly more excited and thrilled about my mother's decision today. Finalized our meeting at our kitchen table. And that's why I'm so proud to present you to the woman you know as senator, my mama, Leticia Vanderpute. I hear that we're so proud of you. They've called you to go deliver another baby. So, thank you so much. Twenty-two years ago, my husband, he and I sat down with the kids to talk to them about my very first race for the Texas House of Representatives in the district that we're in right here when I first ran for the legislature. This is the house district and it is also the senate district. I have had the opportunity to represent this wonderful college campus where I was a student both in the house and I still do in the senate. And at that family meeting 23 years ago, Nicole's little sister, Isabella, why does mommy want to be a state epazenative? And with the wisdom of a 10-year-old, Nicole said, because there's not enough mommies there. Nicole was exactly right. And Nicole is still exactly right. There aren't enough mommies in Austin at the Capitol. Am I right? I want to introduce the rest of my wonderful family. You've met Nicole and her husband, Jason, are here. And my daughter, Vanessa, my son, Henry, and his beautiful and brilliant wife, are here. Our daughter, Isabella, our little buttercup. And the baby of the family, six foot five, fighting proud Aggie, Paul. Our son, Gregory, and his beautiful wife, Samantha, and my grandkids are still in Austin today. But I do have three nearly perfect grandchildren here. And hopefully they will remain in somewhat of a great manner all this time that we're here. My mom is here, Bellortis. And the man in my heart, my full partner, the guy who has been kind of Mr. Mom, but more than that, so supportive and wonderful. My darling Pete. So have with me brothers and sisters and nieces and nephews, and of course Diaz and Primas, and so would all of the San Miguel client please stand up. All of my family, por favor. We're here and you're here because you love Texas. And you love Texas as much as I do. From the celestial views atop the Chinati Mountains in far west Texas to the beautiful east Texas piney woods around Marshall and Longfellow and also that beautiful sense that you get when you're at the Texas coast there is a majestic grand tree just north of Rockport. It's a big tree. It's the biggest in Texas, old majestic oak tree that is stood for more than a thousand years. And to the vast high plains of the Panhandle, to the vibrancy of the Rio Grande and all of the border areas, the border region that stretches over a thousand miles. We love our land. We love our dynamic world class cities. And we love the rich traditions of small town Texas. We love the people who live here. And my love for Texas and for Texans is what led me to public service in the first place. It's the opportunity to work on behalf of Texas families in the state legislature for now almost 23 years. My work in education. My work in putting a stop to the vile crime of human trafficking. Our work to thank our brave veterans in this state as chair of the Texas Senate during affairs and military installations committee. And every time, every time that I can play a role in helping to make life better and a better place to grow up here in Texas, a place that you can raise a family and start a small business, then it's all worth it. It's worth the time that I have spent away from my precious family. But friends, mama's not happy. Not happy with how things have been going lately. Well, my family knows what that means.  No mistake, we're all proud of Texas. But for a long time, the politicians in charge here haven't done much to make Texas a worthy, our pride in it. Texas families have carried the slack on their own. And for years, the governor's been too busy trying to be the president and the lieutenant governor's been too busy trying to get into the U.S. Senate so nobody's been minding the store. Well, we should probably be thankful that they've been too busy trying to move up the political ladder because Lord knows the damage they would have done if they would have actually been working on it and focused on it. Attention to the Republican primary race for lieutenant governor. It gets wackier every day trying to out extremist each other. All four of them chasing the most extreme 5% of the Texans who control the Republican primary elections. And to them, the rest of Texas, it just doesn't exist. And that, my friends, is a problem. To them, the real-life priorities of too many mainstream Texas families simply don't exist. And while they've bickered among themselves, funding for our neighborhood public schools have been cut by the billions. Class sizes have swelled. And too often, we've lost our best teachers. Texas is investing less in our school children than almost any other state. It's by no coincidence that we're the last in the nation in the percentage of adults with a high school diploma. Don't you think Texans deserve better than that? While they bicker, Texas transportation needs remain unmet. They've even talked about taking paved highways and turning them into gravel roads. As if they think that you can grow a 21st century economy on 19th century transportation system. Doesn't Texas deserve better than that? And as they continue their hyper-partisan fights over health care, while they have no real ideas of their own, they turn their backs on Medicaid expansion that would have created jobs and added billions into the Texas economy. And their failure of this means that 65,000 veterans will be left without affordable health care. And it'll cost 200,000 new jobs and billions in new revenue that would have bolstered and flowed right into our Texas economy. Don't you think Texans deserve better than that? Continue to be too afraid of their own primary voters to provide any leadership whatsoever to pass meaningful immigration reform. They've failed to craft a balanced approach that works in the real world. They fail to make sure that the immigration policy maximizes jobs for Texas, helps our economy, creates new consumers for Texas businesses, and fosters a skilled and affordable Texas workforce. Doesn't Texas deserve better than that? And while they wage that war on women, they've got funding and closed clinics that Texas women relied on for the only preventative health care they could afford. Doesn't Texas deserve better than that? Does deserve better. And that, my friends, is why mama ain't happy. We're proud of Texas too, but Texas families deserve better than they've been getting. Texas can do better than this. And that's why that I'll ask the people of Texas to hire me as their next Lieutenant Governor. We're running to be the Lieutenant Governor who doesn't forget about the rest of Texas. The ones who've touched Republican candidates have forgotten as they continue to pat their most extreme voters on the head. I'll be the Lieutenant Governor who won't forget that our neighborhood public schools, I won't forget about them because it's mainly because of the great education that I received in public schools, that I am living my parents' dreams and my grandparents' prayers. I won't be afraid to innovate.  And then they'll never achieve their world-class dreams. That understands that for Texas family, the best economic development program is a job with good pay. And not a corporate handout to a big company which was just doing fine anyway. I'll be the Lieutenant Governor that ensures that whether or not you get a college education would be determined by how hard you work for it, not by if you and your family can afford it. The Lieutenant Governor that understands that Texas veterans deserve our heartfelt thanks. That's just not on a bumper sticker. I mean, what we are going to make sure of and I am dedicated to each and every day to make sure that every veteran in this state has the ability to find a good paying job and affordable healthcare. We have to thank our veterans. Be the Lieutenant Governor who will make sure and I will fight to make sure that your rights as a citizen of Texas are equal to everyone else's and that your job security isn't determined by who you love but is determined by what you can accomplish. The Lieutenant Governor who fights for meaningful immigration reform. A balanced approach, not a free ride that both secures our border and maximizes jobs for Texans. I want an immigration reform that requires immigrants to pay their taxes but encourages people to come out of the shadows. I'll fight for the kind of balanced approach that creates new consumers, fosters an educated and affordable workforce in Texas for Texas businesses and holds employers accountable for hiring undocumented immigrants. Cannot afford to keep kicking the can down the road just because some Republicans are afraid of their own primary voters. What's the middle class first? You know, the Texas economy is booming for big business. I want to foster that kind of economic growth that makes the Texas economy boom for small businesses and for middle class families. Not just for those that are already on the top and I want to build a strong economy to endure. To be in it for the long haul and the quick fixes in our booming economy if those in charge right now weren't missing opportunity after opportunity then we wouldn't be leaving anybody behind.   I'll be the Lieutenant Governor who understands that there's a difference between a frivolous unnecessary expense and a wise investment. And I'll keep taxes low and I'll make sure that we don't waste a dime because our families don't have a dime to waste. Republicans are fond of saying we ought to run government like a business and I agree. Smart business people understand there's a time to cut and there's a time to invest but the people in charge now they have forgotten how to invest in our Texas our lack of investment in transportation and water infrastructure our lack of investment in quality public neighborhood schools and world-class colleges and universities is hurting our children it's hindering our economic growth that could be sustainable and it's holding back the workforce necessary for small businesses to prosper and it's harming Texas families and finally I'll be the Lieutenant Governor who understands the fundamental rights and dignity and self-determination and opportunities for women are not just pawns in a political game to ensure that women will never again be treated the way they have been treated by our government lately. $0.27 on the dollar that every man makes and Senator Wendy Davis passed a bill to fix that problem by guaranteeing that Texas women can make the same pay for doing the same work but the current Republican governor listened and pandered to the extremist when he vetoed that bill as Lieutenant Governor I'll make sure that women's voices will truly be heard in shaping these decisions and when I'm Lieutenant Governor I'll fight again to pass that bill so that it can be signed into law by Governor Wendy Davis and a Lieutenant Governor Texas families deserve and that's the kind of Lieutenant Governor that I'm going to be it'll be serious because I cannot do this without your help Dicia Drossa San Miguel Vendiput from the Barrio will never become Lieutenant Governor even though they're going after the Hispanic vote we'll take my word for it since I'm an actual Hispanic you can't successfully fight for the Hispanic vote unless you're willing to fight for Hispanic families do that again because it's real important and that Leticia Rosa San Miguel Vendiput from the Barrio will never become Lieutenant Governor they say they'll look for the Hispanic vote well I'm Hispanic I'm a granddaughter of women who were born in Guadalajara, Jalisco in Musquist, Coahuila I'm Hispanic I assure you get our vote if you're not ready to fight for our families that I've forgotten where I come from because I'm still here for 30 years our family has lived in the same house in the same neighborhood a block and a half from where I grew up it's the same house where Pete and I have raised our six children and it's now a house that has the wonderful and sometimes chaotic noise of a lot of grandchildren it's my grandchildren I have to run it's my grandchildren it's your grandchildren it's the future of Texas I have to run these son mis hijos Proverbs 327 says don't withhold good from those to whom it is due when it is in your power to act and that has been what has guided me as a public servant that Proverbs will be what guides me in this race and that's what will guide me as your Lieutenant Governor Lieutenant Governor because mama ain't happy happy because Texas can do better and with your hard work and with God's blessings we will win and Texas families are going to be better for it thank you gracias muchísimas gracias Dios y Texas Dios y Texas muchísimas gracias thank you so much thank you


So welcome back. We're starting this afternoon with our keynote presentation from Peter Matigie from the Joseph Roundtree Foundation. So a bit of introduction for Peter. So Peter joined the Joseph Roundtree Foundation in July 2019 and is currently their chief analyst. Before joining JRFP to work for almost 20 years in the civil service where he led on a number of issues including poverty analysis and policies at the Department of Work and Pensions where we developed measures for persistent poverty and child poverty. Previously he worked on fuel poverty and energy price analysis at the Department of Trade and Industry and he's passionate about using data to have an impact on improving living standards and has been developing and using financial surveys for over 20 years. And today Peter will talk to us about key data infrastructure. So how the JRF uses survey data to understand and work out ways to reduce poverty. So Peter over to you. Thanks everyone. I'm just going to wait for my power points to load but lovely to see you. It's a real pleasure and honor to be speaking here at this event. So yeah thank you. Hopefully you'll see my slides. So I'm hoping to cover five things in various degrees of detail. So a bit of an introduction about JRF. What's our use of family finance surveys? What do they tell us about the state of the nation? What future work are we planning? And also a bit of a kind of cheeky session about what I would like to see from the surveys we're talking about today in terms of future developments. So that's the plan. So a bit about JRF. So hopefully some of you will have heard of us but we're basically an independent social change organization wanting to support and speed up the transition to a more equitable and just future free from poverty where the people on the planet can flourish. And we've been around for about 120 years established by Joseph Ranthry as you might have guessed from the title to help and understand the root causes of poverty. And actually some of our heritage includes some of the first social services surveys ever conducted. So Siebel and Ranthry, one of Joseph Ranthry's sons did a survey of York at the end of the 19th century and you'll see on the bottom right actually a slide in a presentation that he did about 100 years ago. So sitting around and one way it's nice to have the kind of heritage of 100 years of history of social surveys. In other way it's a bit depressing still to be talking about poverty you know 120 years after the organization was established but it's it's it's I'm really proud of some of the work that we've pioneered and hopefully are still pushing forward with. So how do we use the family finances surveys? Well basically they're the black backbone to lots of our work and we have an annual poverty report called UK Poverty and basically all of the data sources we're talking about today plus more are fundamental to that report. We try and make a kind of holistic kind of picture of poverty in the UK and we use the best data sources you can possibly find to try and bring as much information to bear as possible. And you'll see some of my future slides will include some of our UK poverty data. It came out in January and so at some points because I'm using the data from January there's another wave of surveys that I'll mention but aren't always in the charts just because we've taken them from that report so that's a bit of a caveat. So what about more specific pieces of use? So one of our big campaigns at the moment is to reform the benefits system to make sure people can actually afford essentials. So we've done lots of work mainly based on a living cost and food survey about how much the essentials cost and in that first session we saw the proportion of money being spent on essentials was higher for poorer households and richer households but basically when you look at the totals from that and add those up that are kind of you know hopefully universal accepted essentials like food, electricity, water you actually get an amount that's quite a lot higher than the universal credit amount. So basically if you're just on the standard rate of universal credit then you wouldn't be able to afford the essentials and we're able to use that living cost and food survey to establish that and we've got a big campaign that you'll see a picture of later in the presentation to try and bring up at least the standard allowance so at least meets that essentials and things like deductions don't take take you below that line. So that's a living cost and food survey but we also use something called the IPPR model which is built from the HPI, FRS and living cost and food survey to look at different policy options to see well how much do these policies cost and what are their impacts on poverty you know who gains and who pays for different policies so you know it's not just straight off survey information it's some things that are built off the back of the surveys that are really critical in terms of working out what's happening and what's the future options and you'll also see if you if you're reading the Guardian papers that are available over the weekend that the IFS is part of some work that we funded compared the increase to the £20 a week in universal credit with the subsequent increase of the taper and work allowance on poverty and found basically both health poverty but the £20 a week was about twice as effective as the the taper rate and work allowance changes because basically the work allowance and taper rates only affected people in work but again that's available using the IFS model in this instance but again based on HPI and FRS which is a fundamental building block and so here are a couple of products that actually JRF pay for and have built over the years so one is destitution in the UK so one of the the disadvantages of using these surveys is they're based on the household population so and quite often are sampled from the postcode address file so if you are homeless or in shared accommodation like halls of residence and so forth you're missed out from these surveys so JRF for about the last almost six seven years have come have produced destitution in the UK which is basically quite an innovative study that's surveying services and service users to get at the destitute population but what we do use is lots of the surveys I've mentioned before to actually build up that picture to gross up from the destitution services to a national picture to also compare and contrast and see what's happening on the surveys to kind of QA the data there so hopefully that's the way that JRF sort of filled in a bit of the gaps in the kind of data landscape but also we're only able to do so with the help of these surveys and on the right we have something called the minimum standard which is basically like a socially discussed basket of goods that is a sort of a minimum acceptable living standard so it's not a poverty line it's it's above a poverty line but basically through focus groups we establish what's a kind of you know a minimum sort of first socially and social participation budget and we update that each year we've got our next one out in September but basically we also compare that to FRS data in the same way as households below average income looks at sort of how many people are below 60 percent of median income this looks at how many people are below the minimum income standard and as you'd expect it's higher because the standard is is higher than the poverty line but again it's also been pretty flat over time which again is kind of disappointing when you'd want to make progress and we also use these surveys in less regular analyses so we've looked a lot at deepening poverty so one of the slides that you'll see later on is about what's happening to deaths of poverty and where we're using looking at poverty using a lower poverty line we also got a slide about anxiety and incomes and where we can look at mental health and other impacts of economic insecurity and the first one we're mainly using FRS for deepening poverty anxiety nation mainly uses understanding society and the cost of living tracker is another piece of data infrastructure that we we build ourselves using polling information but we also use the FRS and HPI data to gross up the results so again we can't do that work without the other surveys to help build the picture up and we've done work on health and labour market participation using WAZ and HPI data and also looked a bit about why people might be on a very low income but actually aren't claiming these benefits and we've used WAZ and HPI data there partly because part of the reason is assets can sometimes rule you out of being eligible for means tested benefits so that's how we've used the data sets but let's actually see how we've used them in reality and see some charts and stuff like that and see what's what do these data sets tell us about the state of the nation and you know in the latest period and so basically our picture is quite a bleak one so you'll see on the right hand side this is part of our campaign with the trust or trust on the essentials it's actually an interactive billboard where the tillboard actually comes out and so it's quite it's quite interesting but basically the bottom line is as I mentioned that universal credit is inefficient in sufficient to afford the essentials and it's off the back of with high inflation and nine years of 1% operating then benefit freezes and then basically benefits lagging behind inflation the basic rate of benefits being the least generous for at least 40 years we see in our three destitution reports particularly between the second and the third rising destitution with destitution up at 50% in in two years we see incredibly fast rises in in food bank use and we also see although it's sort of not a not a linear pattern but there's more of sleeping now than it was a decade ago why might that be well almost like a dragon shaped curve here which is inflation and you can see basically you know it's noticeable how fast the cost of living crisis accelerated we hopefully over the peak of inflation but we can see basically that you know we had inflation at 40 year highs and it's not all about Ukraine because part of the part of the acceleration of inflation was actually happening before the invasion of Ukraine and obviously the main story is energy prices but now that's starting to feed through to other commodities especially food and and you can see the blue dots are where the Bank of England are predicted in May inflation to be but you can see that the purple the last bits of the purple line are actually above the the the first two blue dots which means that basically inflation out turn has been higher than what the Bank of England predicted and obviously we'll wait with anticipation to see whether future inflation rates actually follow the Bank of England's predictions downwards but basically we also see through other work by the ONS and others that inflation is actually higher for lower income households because of the fact that they are spending more than money on essentials like food and energy which are some of the ones are driving driving at these high rates of inflation we also see high wage growth relative to previous years and so the private sector have seen wage growth at the moment around seven percent compared to about five and a half percent in the public sector however what you see on that chart is basically both of those rates are actually below inflation so the actual purchasing power of people's wages are actually still falling and yeah obviously you can add into the mix or the political turmoil and the impacts on the financial markets to see that it's been a really sort of uncertain economically insecure period of time for people and obviously what we are seeing as the consequence of that is increased interest rates which are having effect on mortgage holders and others as well so yes and so it is worrying basically the economic outlook is gloomy even though it looks like the recession might have been avoided and basically the OBR have said that they think this will be the worst two years on record for household incomes and its projection suggests that real household disposable income will be no higher in 2027 than they were in 2019 and barely higher than they were in 2017 so that means a lost decade of living standards and 20 years of income shocks and turmoil since the global financial crisis so that's sort of the economic context for the around these surveys and so interestingly with all that what has happened to overall poverty rates well you'll see the purple line in the middle has been basically flat over most of that kind of tumultuous 20 years which obviously is terrible in that you want poverty to be going down but it's quite interesting to see that actually poverty hasn't you know hasn't changed much over the period of time what poverty definition I'm using here is a relative poverty after housing costs so basically we take 60% of the median income adjusted for household size and composition and look at who's below that poverty line and the main data source we're using is household below average income series so you can see in terms of groups and children so there was a rising sort of trend in child poverty from about 2013-14 to just to the pan just before the pandemic again a rising pensioner poverty and just until just before the pandemic and then a big fall during the pandemic year partly because of falling medians partly because of the 20 pound a week benefit rise and what you see and this cuts off the last data point but basically you see quite a lot of that reduction reversed in the next data point because of the fact that the temporary benefit support had gone away and because median incomes had had started to rise again and so that's what we see in terms of poverty levels and a bit of a trailer for the IFS have a report out on Thursday that we fund on poverty living standards and inequality and so there's a similar seminar there so if you want to see the live update of this chart then come on on Thursday into that seminar. What we also see in terms of economic insecurity is that workers are more susceptible to poverty than in the past so the poverty rate for workers was around 9-10% in the mid 90s and is now sort of 13% even though there's been a bit of a fall in the last data point but you can see also a compositional effect with more and more of people in poverty being in working households. Now part of that is a good news story because unemployment has fallen over the period but how do you see from the left it's also a bit not just composition it's also risk with the risk of poverty for workers increasing as well and we think that's part of the picture of the last 20 years is an increasing prevalence of insecure work and we've seen some of that in some of the earlier presentations in terms of kind of pensions contribution and stuff like that. The poverty levels vary between and within regions and it's really exciting to hear about the ONS admin based income statistics which can go down to much smaller levels than what you see on the chart. It's also good to see other organisations actually taking the data and modelling themselves so the left the right hand map of England is from University of Lothborough and then child poverty coalitions and after housing costs small area income poverty estimates to children which is based off of DWP methodology but done after housing costs so again another organisation being able to take the data and work with it is really important. And you can see some of the drivers of poverty so some of the regions which have got the highest poverty rates so London mainly due to high housing costs so if you look at it on a before housing cost basis basically London's sort of in the park but when you look at it on after housing cost basis it's way out in the lead or it's amongst the highest rates of poverty with the northeast west midlands and wales where the picture is more about low earnings than high housing costs so you can see different drivers. And poverty rates vary enormously by ethnicity so you can see the white ethnic group broadly flat poverty rates but at the lowest levels around 20% really good progress into the reducer poverty for the Pakistani and Bangladesh ethnic groups but from sort of scandalously high to still really high poverty rates so still a lot more to be done whereas for the black ethnic groups really high and sort of not budging for 20 odd years again very worrying as well. So yeah that's also some compositional data as I said housing has a big effect so you can see the social renting and private renting have got highest poverty rates compared to buying of a mortgage and owned outright so quite a lot of the worries about mortgage rates actually it's affecting a group with relatively low poverty rates but ones that could could increase over time after we look at the housing costs. But you can see the effect of housing costs so basically about a third and about half a third of social renting poverty is due to housing costs and about half of private renting poverty is due to housing costs where people are pushed into poverty by their housing costs. Again a really persistent gap between people who are disabled and people who are not disabled in terms of their poverty rates. Obviously there's a bit of volatility over time but broadly speaking very little progress in kind of closing that gap and very little kind of progress in reducing either of those series over time. Yes so again worrying and disappointing and here's a chart where we do actually see a trend upwards so basically the red line is in very deep poverty so this is where someone has got so we've used a normal poverty line of 60% of median income. The deep poverty is 60% of median income, threshold and very deep poverty is 40% of median income, threshold and basically you can see that all of the changes over the last sort of 20 odd years are in the very deep poverty rate so it's all people who are further away from the poverty line and all of the kind of evidence suggests that the longer and the deeper you are in poverty the worst the worst outcomes you've got and this obviously ties in with lots and lots of other data sources in terms of the levels of destitution levels of food bank use all up so trust or trust distributed 2 million food parcels in 2021, twice the 1 million distributed in 2015, also got tripling in recorded diagnosis of malnutrition of people admitted to hospital between 2008 and 2021 and so lots and lots of really worrying statistics to kind of corroborate this information. So who's it, who's poverty been deepening for? Well basically quite a lot of the groups who are already more likely to be in poverty have seen their poverty deepening so lone parents, large families, disability, workless households who are already really high and then again ethnic minority backgrounds but it does vary by ethnic groups and you can see basically there are almost like a direct kind of policy one to one relationship because lots of these groups are more reliant on social security benefits and what's happened to social security benefits over the last decade or so actually they've been frozen or operated by 1% so in a way it shows the impact of policies can have on very deep poverty because that's that's one of the key drivers that you can see in the data. And what's the consequences? Well there's loads and loads of consequences and but this is kind of crowded slide but basically what you can see is that the in every any block of fire which is each different kind of mental health conditions it's worse it's worse there's more high prevalence the lower the income you've got and so that's that's what you see across all of those 12 dimensions of mental health sort of illnesses. So what's happened? So basically I heard from the ONS about trying to bring surveys up to date and obviously there will always be a big lag on surveys just because of the kind of field work and the kind of data processing and so forth but it's really important to us to actually try and bring things up to date so you can use administrative data and we can also do our polling data to try and bring things bang up to date. So this is sort of taking so the last survey year is 2021-22 so you can see sort of what happened in 2021-22 and then sort of 2022-23 and then right up to the date and so if you look at the benefits line for instance you can see the benefits were uprated at 3.1% in April 2022 and weren't uprated again until April 2023 when there was a 10% benefit uprating. We can see what happened while that was happening was basically inflation marched on earnings marched on but at a slower rate and benefits have only caught up with earnings from April but obviously you've had two years of rising inflation to actually cope with during that period where benefits have only increased by about 3% for the second of those two years so no wonder that we see lots of kind of some financial stress which you'll see on the next slide. You know all the things I've said record price rises for essentials, interest rates rising and also just very kind of lack of kind of resilience because of all the previous shocks that people have gone through over the period in terms of low savings, low credit availability and rising interest rates and so what we've done is with the help of Savanta we've done a poll of people going about essentials and you can see basically and so basically this is a poll of people in the bottom 40% of the distribution so it's not the whole of the distribution but what you can see is of that bottom 40% distribution massive rates of going without essentials so almost half of the people we surveyed were cut down on the sides of all skipped meals around a third had gone hungry and even sort of you know 10% have gone without their prescriptions which again is obviously you know then we can be kind of a vicious cycle of then things getting worse you have to get ill etc etc and this equates to 7.3 million low income low income households going about essentials and this is our fourth one of these surveys and basically it's it's gone up and stayed where it's where it's been since the first survey so I haven't seen much increase but equally it's at a sort of scandalously high level over time and so that's sort of a survey of like living living standards at the moment particularly for the poorest I want to talk a bit about future work by the JRF and so look out for and so we've done lots of work so we've looked at very deep poverty but we're now looking at persistent very deep poverty using understanding society so what are the reasons why people might be in very deep poverty for longer we're also looking at the care penalty again using understanding society so after somebody has a child or has starts becoming a informal carer for someone with a disability what's their kind of pay penalty we're looking a bit about the housing stock so private rents we've saw is a really bad impact on poverty status because it's expensive and insecure and there are options about increasing the social socials besides the social sector so by moving stock into the social sector and also we're going to do lots of work on the essentials guarantee and hopefully you'll see more campaigning on that basis we're actually paying for a new bit of social science infrastructure so a longitudinal survey of economic insecurity working at the University of Oxford on that and hopefully we'll be developing some new pieces of analysis infrastructure which is sort of a way of getting into the data more and so that's a bit about what the GERAP is up to what would we like from survey providers seeing that they're all on the call and well first of all I'd like to just thank all the people who work really hard on the surveys for what we have so we have an enviable set of surveys to use and with most information available on at least one and often more than one survey so that's really great and I do believe these embody the code of practice principles and that you can point to innovations in the data release tools and use the data over time and that you know including events like this you are responsive to users but there's always there's always more that we would want and so you know is there anything more that can be done on time in us and I think also on the micro data so we had the kind of timeline from our NS at the start which is really kind of orderly in terms of the actual publications but sometimes the actual micro data release is a lot less orderly and a bit kind of chaotic sometimes we're not knowing when things will come out so is there any more work that we can actually get almost like a release date for the micro data at the same time as we know what the release date of the survey is and is there anything we can do about sample size obviously and we know that there's issues with response rates and we also know there's issues with the field force so there's a surveys futures work that I went to an event on last week which is interesting there. It's a bit about like sharing developments of users in a more interactive way so I'm pleased by the expert user groups that was mentioned earlier but I think sometimes I feel like I'm brought in to steer something that's already decided to be done rather than sort of inputting on what needs to be done. More consistency between data sets between survey and admin data through benefit linking can hopefully mean that some of the sort of inconsistency between if you look at admin data benefit numbers and survey data it's a lot lower and then finally I think there's just a bit about kind of transparency about differences and also clarity on quality concerns but also kind of coherency so both the ONS and DWP have income distribution statistics so we saw income changes by quintile in an earlier presentation we may well see it for DWP later on in the afternoon and they are different and in different directions so I do feel like across government we could do it more guidance as to what is the best data sources and even if there is some necessary duplication guiding users to what what is actually happening what's the main data source and what's you know what what what should we be taking from them because otherwise people can kind of cherry pick but thank you and yeah it's been it's been brilliant hearing all the presentations and I'm looking forward to hearing hearing more this afternoon


What's up everybody? It's Jay Zaver, JasperJasperCaseBricks.com. We just filled up 2019 Pinini Optic basketball sell-a-pack one-pack break number 45 on our website and again, this is a chance to win spots in our bank shot basketball mixture $300 mixer So again the way this works is to randomize customer names and teams first with a dice roll distribute the hits out of the pack and at the end of the break in a new dice roll and randomize Customize customer names again and customers in the top three will win a spot each in the $300 basketball mixer So let's do the pack break first dice roll it three to one four times here you go one two three and four Scott down to Matthew one two Denver done the goal and say worse So it's guy with the nuggets by go with the bulls as well as the clippers Aaron with the pistons We'll see what the jazz Nancy with the Grizzlies chatty of the pelicans I don't know the Cavaliers Raptors Nancy with the magic Queen with the Lakers Adam with the Pacers Anthony With the Hawks Matthew S with the heat and with the Wizards Matthew with the T-wolves Quinn with the next answer the Celtics and then with the Spurs Nancy with the Rockets Matthew S with the Nets Adam with the Blazers Chad with the 76ers Aaron for the Mavericks Matthew with the Bucks Thunder Zach with the Suns Quinn with the Hornets Adam with the Kings and Matthew with the Golden State Warriors So let's alphabetize it and it's actually Just close the trade a window. No one really ever trades in this stuff. Let's print it and rip it TWC means trade window closed. Here's the sell-out pack right here Young guys with the Phillips seven forty six forty seven Don't lock the basketball mixer, but that won't be breaking it till tomorrow John Waters, Nikolai Jokin inserts Harkson, Quindare, Witherspoon, Splash, Devin Booker Ties are all in a silver PJ Washington, Jr. Very nice Who has the Charlotte Hornets? Quinn, there you go man. A little silver and nice a little bronze James velocity for the Lakers Quinn and Quinn as well. Very nice Think you made back your money with a pack right here. There you go. Very nice Alrighty guys Now Let's switch teams and give away some spots in the mixer. Good luck guys top three get a spot each after One to five six times. Good luck one two three four five and six six times Michael, Chad, and Nancy after six times congratulations You three are now in the mixer Again mixer have to do two more pack breaks and sell it out straight up. Appreciate it guys


Every year, catastrophic fires burn millions of wildland acres in the United States. Along with the land and natural resources, private properties too are at risk. Fires in the wildland-urban interface are unique. They challenge both structural and wildland firefighters who are trained and equipped differently. Wildland firefighting agencies are now faced with an increased number of homes built in the path of wildfires. And their municipal counterparts are grappling with multiple ignitions from fast-burning vegetative fires. Everyone though agrees that no single agency is adequately prepared to handle both types of firefighting. We can't each handle both kinds of fires effectively because we've got wildland agencies that specialize in wildland fires and of course the rural agencies specialize in structural firefighting. No one can afford the range of equipment it takes to be able to protect structures during wildland fire as well as be able to control the wildland fire. By being able to bring everybody together, then essentially it's like pieces of a puzzle. Those pieces come together and then you have the whole picture and that is fire protection in the wildland. Wildfires do not respect political boundaries of community, land management or fire district. Agencies responding to fires in wildland urban interface areas must develop combined, coordinated and effective efforts. As firefighting resources become increasingly scarce, it is more important than ever to strengthen cooperative relationships. We feel that ultimately the taxpayer is paid for all of this equipment and the taxpayer out there, when they need help they dial one number 9-1-1, they don't care what color the fire truck is, they don't care what color the uniform is of the firefighter, they need help and they want help. And we feel that these political boundaries that are placed upon us by government, we try to just dissolve those in our working relationship and we cross over those readily whether it's a red truck or a green truck, it doesn't matter.  So it's been really nice because we don't have to worry, is it yours, is it mine, do I cross the line, do I not cross the line? There is no line there. According to the National Wildfire Coordinating Group, fire protection means the actions taken to limit the adverse environmental, societal, political and economic effects of fire. Fire protection means much more than just firefighting. Those things that are included in fire protection include prevention and pre-suppression and in those areas we're dealing with training, dispatching, equipment needs, location of equipment, those kind of things and those are all things that need to be taken care of well in advance through a cooperative process before the incident begins. Firefighting agencies at all levels have a history of cooperation. Most often cooperation has occurred on a voluntary basis to help overcome a lack of fire suppression resources. In the future, wildfires will continue to threaten more structures and affect political and financial resources on a broader scale. Today, cooperation and planning and the resulting formal agreements are more important than ever. The bottom line for us is it's money. I think that it's unrealistic to consider that one agency would be able to equip and hire enough staffing to deal with the wildland-urban interface issues. Each agency, whether it's a federal agency like the U.S. Forest Service or Bureau of Land Management, state agency like ourselves, the Department of Forestry, where the city and rural fire districts have specific districts and specific responsibilities that they are charged with. In many cases, in Oregon and throughout the nation, these district boundaries and the responsibilities overlap. So it gives us an opportunity which makes interagency cooperation absolutely essential. Cooperation can benefit all fire protection agencies, but working toward agreement requires careful planning. It's important to realize that cooperation takes place between people, not organizations. So the first step is to identify potential cooperators or partners. Establish a dialogue among the agencies and organizations that can help you increase the level of fire protection. Concentrate on those agencies you know that may be asking the same questions, seeking similar solutions. First of all, become very, very familiar with your neighboring departments and your neighboring agencies. Start working at a very low level, you know, at just getting to know one another, invite one another over for coffee. Start having meetings together and start forming your area organization where you can meet as department heads and talk about what are some common issues. Probably one of the best spin-off benefits of this has been that we work together on a routine basis, and so even on the small incidents that really turn out to be nothing more than a very small fire, we exercise the system, we get the bugs out of the system, and we develop trust level amongst one another. Fire protection should be a shared responsibility among those who live and work in these areas. The responsibility for fire suppression centers on fire agencies, but the overall responsibility for fire protection resides in a network of private and public organizations, businesses, and of course the residents themselves. The fire service has to get the landowner to accept some responsibility and help us with the job of protecting their homes when the wildland fires burn, and that is to create that defensible space. The firefighters can work in to actually be able to save their homes from destruction. Just a few weeks before the fire, my husband was out working and cutting down the sagebrush that was close to the house in the back and on the side, and I think because of that it wasn't able to come right to the house. Identifying many potential partners and seeking their ideas and suggestions will increase their level of cooperation by at least agreeing to agree. We're beginning a pilot project in the south portion of the county to bring everybody to the table, homeowners associations, planners, folks involved in road departments as well as emergency management folks to be able to deal with the problems that the interface creates and to be able to jointly develop solutions that will provide a more safe environment for people who do choose to live out in rural areas. There are a lot of peripheral organizations like the Red Cross, like the Ham radio operators and other groups who play a critical role in large evacuations, especially in more remote areas. That's a part of the puzzle. Once initial contracts have been made and the identified fire and emergency managers agree to participate, the next step is to define the fire management situation. This usually means gathering information, researching and analyzing the current fire management situation and fire resources in the targeted areas. Writing a description of existing fire protection districts, completing an inventory of all equipment and personnel, and mapping agency jurisdictions helps assess the range of assistance that can be available to you when you most need it. From here, the partners can begin to define the fire management situation in more detailed terms of hazards, current and potential risks and values to be protected. Fire protection mapping, for example, identifies the values at greatest risk and the location of available interagency resources needed to protect those values in the event of wildfire. The county planning function would use criteria that we developed, and in this case it's an office called the Office of the County Planner, and would classify wildfire hazards by high, medium and low and then actually delineate those areas on a map. The particular subdivision that burnt here would be in a high hazard area. Once that's done then, they develop requirements, usually in the form of ordinances, that all building within that high hazard area must follow. Once the fire management situation is described in these terms, partners can identify specific areas of improvement that can be gained through cooperation. We do have cooperative agreements with fire prevention type activities outside of major fires like this, and the Central Oregon area here is known very well for providing cooperative, they have a fire prevention group here, they have an arson task force that is multi-agency where they work together to decide how they're going to do arson investigations. They put on prevention programs for local school districts, prevention programs for the public. They join together to combine their resources both financially and manpower wise to do those kind of activities. We're using the co-op also as a post-fire resource here for education of people and dealing with structured loss and how to re-vegetate burned areas, things like this. So the fire prevention co-op is probably the most visible and most used resource as a part of this cooperative agreement because they are doing this year round. And they deal with the wildland issues and the structural issues. They put their resources together during fire prevention week. And so we have Forest Service and State Forestry people working right along with the municipal firefighters delivering the messages during fire prevention week. And at the same time, the Smokey the Bear team teaching in the spring, the municipal fire services are helping out the wildland agencies. And it's just a wonderful arrangement. The third step is for each partner to define their fire management roles and responsibilities. Missions and practices vary between fire protection agencies and organizations. It is important to distinguish between them in this process. I would hope the ultimate benefit from these co-op agreements will be that the authorities lie, the actions lie where the authority lies. And that we finally come to grips with who needs to be involved in a specific area. Who has responsibility for the wildland urban areas? Is it partly feds? Is it partly state? Is it partly local? Is it partly non-governmental? The players that are coming to the table now are the police services and the emergency management folks. Because they play a vital role too in evacuation of folks, in traffic control, in just all the things that police services can provide. And they're coming to the table now. We need to do more in that business. I think we've got our act together and we're doing a good job. Step three will begin to highlight strengths and weaknesses of current programs and focus on areas where cooperative efforts can be beneficial. Using the information gathered in step two on the current fire management situation and elaboration of roles and responsibilities from step three, the process in step four is to set goals and objectives for cooperative opportunities. Likely they will be designed to solve the most pressing problems first, the ones that cannot be ignored. Among the types of cooperative opportunities to consider are training, prevention, dispatch, weather services and equipment, and suppression resources such as equipment, stations and personnel. Examine alternative methods for reaching each objective and goal, rather than immediately selecting only one solution. Here, input from all partners is essential. Don't risk alienating those you've worked so hard to include by not seriously considering their suggestions or offers for help. I think that there are very skilled, very knowledgeable people that are managing smaller departments and they're very talented people within those smaller departments. So to neglect or recognize that there again, you're not providing the best service that you can for your community. Fire agencies may establish joint operating procedures or they may establish contractual arrangements. Often both are needed for cooperative opportunities. There are four basic types of protection assistance methods that can be employed between fire agencies. These are reciprocal, offset, reimbursable and fee basis or contracted protection assistance.  It's really an enablement. Reciprocal protection establishes the exchange of fire protection services on a non-reimbursable basis when one of the organizations is in a position to furnish resources to another. This exchange is roughly an equal exchange of resources and usually limited to a 24-hour time period. Reciprocal is probably the most often used type of fire protection assistance. The second type of protection assistance is the offset agreement. Offset protection is arranged by an equal exchange of services typically determined by workload and not acres. There's generally no exchange of funds in offset protection assistance. Offset done locally works fine but offset on a statewide basis or on a really large, broad area doesn't work so well because you kind of lose the advantage of what's fair on a local basis. The third type of protection assistance provides personnel and equipment paid for at an agreed rate by the requesting agency. It's called reimbursable protection assistance. Reimbursable is generally just providing resources. We agree to pay this much for this engine or for that crew and it's just resources. The final type of protection assistance provides protection on a fee basis. That is the fire protection for one agency is assumed by another and payment is provided for the contracted services. A contract's a little different authority and a contract is just establishing a service that you want to have satisfied for a specific fee. Often, cooperating agencies agree to more than one form of protection assistance. Assistance can also be employed back to back such as reciprocal assistance followed by reimbursable assistance. Well, our agreement is primarily a reciprocal agreement. At least for an initial attack, for a 24-hour initial attack under an extended fire attack, then after the initial 24 hours then we have the option with a preset schedule and preset rates of an opportunity to contract with the state or federal agency for our apparatus and our personnel. Depending on the particular needs of a community or agency, the various protection assistance methods offer a variety of approaches to securing needed resources and providing coordinated responses. Besides direct protection and suppression, there are many other ways that fire agencies and organizations can cooperate. Regardless of type, developing cooperative fire agreements requires a systematic approach to planning. Coordinated efforts will result in improved fire protection capability and reduced losses. In the eastern United States, compact agreements are the principal type of cooperative fire agreement. Assistance under compact agreements generally must be requested. It's essentially state to state, but we are also cooperators with the federal government if needed. And vice versa, we can call on the federal government to assist when our state programs are being overloaded. The planning is really done on a state-by-state basis in our case, because our cooperative agreement of course is between the states in our northeast compact. Each state will plan for specific incidents, and each state has their fire plan. And the fire plan of the seven states in our case and the provinces of Canada that make up our compact become the plan for the compact. So yeah, there is pre-planning done, but it's done more on a local level state-by-state basis rather than the compact pre-planning everything. We take action only if action is necessary. In other words, when the fire happens, then we take some action. But prior to that time, we do a lot of work together in training, getting ready for a potential action. The next step is to document and implement the agreed-upon plan in a formal agreement that each cooperator signs. Most agencies have specific guidelines and processes for signing and developing cooperative relationships, sometimes including a formal legal review. Staff specialists can assist in writing and reviewing the documents. It's important to ensure that each cooperator understands the role and responsibility before them. Individual agency missions and capabilities must be honored and incorporated in the documentation. Whether your agency and the other partners have planned for reciprocal, offset, reimbursable, or a fee-based protection service, each should be fully prepared to follow through with agreed-upon methods. Protection agreements should require the development of annual operating plans. These are important because they provide procedural details to implement the agreement in time of need. Operating plans should be put together annually. And to me it's just when people sit down in the spring or right before fire season and talk about what's changed.  Do you still have the same crew configurations? Are your communication channels the same? It's the specifics. When large fires spread across more than one jurisdiction, joint fire cost responsibilities are outlined in supplemental cost-share agreements. Also known as fire line agreements, they are often drawn up as the fire burns and may be updated daily as the situation changes. Whenever we start getting into multiple jurisdictional fires, we develop a unified command so that everybody is developing the same set of plans to work with and we're working toward the same objective. We're not duplicating effort on any one area, but instead assisting and making the best use of the resources we have available to us. And when we figure that out, then we'll write a supplemental agreement to ensure that the costs are borne by the various agencies involved. Cooperative fire agreements and operating plans must be reviewed annually. The purpose of the review is to evaluate the currency of the documents and the level of commitment in terms of resources and procedures that we're agreed upon. Annual reviews and subsequent revision help to ensure that the plan will meet your needs in the next fire season. Every operating plan will need some adjustment, particularly in the early stages. Often, joint training sessions and exercises help to test the plan before fire season. In this way, procedural problems can be worked out prior to an emergency. After the fire season and the fall or through the winter sometime, we'll review the agreement. And it's usually a real quicker review because we talk about things that went well during the year. We talked about things that maybe didn't go so well and maybe some ways that we could improve the agreement. When fire season arrives, your efforts will be realized. The meetings, the discussions, the training all will result in more effective and efficient operations working together rather than separately. Following each incident in which the plan was activated, hold debriefings with the other partners to make adjustments before the next incident. We're going to talk about things like logistical support, radios. We have frequencies that we share among each other. We had one of our relay systems that went down and had to get it fixed. But they're just all minor issues because we had this all planned out and set up ahead of time. Like other firefighting tools at your disposal, working cooperatively with others can also provide necessary tools to reduce the impact of wildfire by improving the effectiveness and efficiency of interagency fire protection. The need to come together is even greater than it ever has been. And where we've had successes in the past, now we need to even elevate our level of cooperation to the next higher level.


Good morning, I'm Mary Ellen from the channel Mary Ellen after 60 and today I'm just gonna share with you what empties I used was it good to the last drop or or not I'm just gonna have some chit chat and then I'm gonna announce the winners of last week's giveaway And I guess I'm gonna just have to go with the road noise today because it is pretty noisy I guess it's a good thing that there is a lot of construction going on around here So I'm just gonna look at it that way and something I want to mention before I start my video is We have no control or I should just speak for myself. I have no control of what ads show in The beginning or the middle or the end of my videos with the elections coming up in November There'll probably be a lot more political ads. So I don't I have no idea what are on my ads I do know that I have been adding one more commercial during my videos And that's just to increase the revenue that I get for uploading YouTube videos. That's why there is an extra Commercial in there. I don't have any control if anybody knows how to not get political ads on your videos Just let me know the first product that I completely emptied and I will tell you I used every one of these to the last drop It's that it cosmetics by by line serum I I don't know when I started using this because I used it for a while and then I quit and then I started back and I really like it. I've already repurchased the backup But I use my spatula to make sure I got every drop and and I still like it and I have backups for the year It says it's advanced anti-aging wrinkle smoothing and a miracle concentrate I don't know if it's a miracle concentrate, but it definitely smooths and I enjoy using it So before I opened it, I did date it. I opened this on 516 20 so I will know exactly how long it lasts because that's important to me Sometimes something can be higher priced. You get a lot more uses from it So I like to know how much it actually cost me to use a product and so when I say that some of these things I didn't date the next use up was the skin diva 20% are garoline with hyaluronic acid and matrixal 3000 This is the one I talked about. I use one drop and it covers here Through here around my eyes and right through there I just use this every day and I use this right after I use my miracle water It's the first thing I put on and I let it sink in and I'm pretty sure one bottle will last two years for me The next item I used up was from also from skin diva and this is a 20% vitamin C plus E plus fruicic acid To me, this is identical with the timeless vitamin C plus E plus fruicic acid They both really work for my skin I usually buy what is the least expensive and what I can get the best idea on when I put this in I do allow this to about this is the one that I allow 20 minutes to kind of sink into my skin before I do anything else and it doesn't pill it brightens my skin You know, I'm pretty boring with my skin care If something quits working and I know that it's I know it will then I'm tempted to try something else But I just like to use what I like to use and and I use this up If I don't spill it I get about a little over four months because I keep it in the refrigerator I did buy the new to the timeless It's packaged in the pump and I open that I think around the 13th of April I keep it in the refrigerator and One pump does my whole face. So we'll see how long that lasts and I don't have any problems with leakage I've heard that some people that have but I haven't had any problems whatsoever I really like the bye-bye under eye eye brightening treatment I use it in the morning and this is the full size. I didn't repurchase the full size I repurchase some of the small ones and I used one of these up and I did forget to put a date on it So when I got this one out and I bought enough for a year I opened this on three twenty five twenty and this is how much I have left. It's kind of hard to see But I really think I'm going to get about four months use out of this So this may be the way for me to buy it in the future in the smaller jars But there's just something I really like about it. I like the way it makes my under eye eyes look I use such a small amount, but something I've been paying a little bit more attention to I make sure I get it right in here Because I'm pretty good about doing it at the sides like this, but I forget to do it here So I've been good about using that, but I'll let we'll know later how long this truly lasts I used to have a purity made simple I purchased those in the 16 ounce bottles But I always decant them into something smaller because sometimes they're just kind of hard that they're pretty rigid I just like to put it in a smaller bottle that I like this and I do like the new termatology But I have backups of this already of the purity the last empties I did was like I think I filmed at the 13th of March Well, I have two of my superhero mascaras every season the day the season changes I I throw them away and I get out a new one. So we have the spring and the summer I do like the thrive mascara. I just don't like it as much as I do the superhero I used up two navy eyeliners that work perfectly well in my upper waterline I don't like it to transfer the milk makeup doesn't transfer and the it cosmetics no tug Does not transfer and it lasts all day after trying? Probably 20. I've tried anything anybody recommended. I talked about this in an earlier video This is the one to get lucky gel eyeliner from Ardell and it does work and it does have I never sharpened mine But this has a cap that you can sharpen and you can clean. I mentioned that in a Video my last video that I didn't like the self sharpening pencils But I don't need it sharp to do my upper waterline and all the other eyeliners I can use someplace else, but just not on my upper waterline and I used up my Grande brow brow enhancing serum I opened this and started using this on March 16th and it lasted till June 20th Somewhere in the middle. I started using it every other night So I've opened up my full-size tube and I think it's exactly twice as much And I have it dated the 22nd because I've been doing it every other night So that's why I think this might last a year, but we'll just wait and see I bought mine from Ulta When they I either use my points or they had Like five times points or something like that But this I haven't had to use any brow products. I probably should but you know, it's just one less step for me So I'm gonna hopefully hopefully this will last about a year and it'll be worth that for me I forgot about something that I used up. I used up might be enigma This usually this lasts probably eight or nine months the company sent me the very first one and then I Subscribed to get it. I want to tell you something. It's a lot cheaper than it used to be it used to be like $107 What I did when I ordered it after I used up the first one that the company sent me I went online And I subscribed and I think it was like $90, but I wrote down their 800 number in the moment I subscribed I told him to hold off on sending me another order and they did Well, I'll tell you a secret if you go back and you tell them you're going to don't want any more They'll offer it for even less. So any of you all that have subscribed You just need to tell them that you're not interested and see what kind of deal they offer you I have another one in my refrigerator But I'll tell you for the first time I have found something That for right now during this season during this the heat that we have This is always the be enigma has I'm probably the only person that still liked it on YouTube It has horrible reviews. It has rave reviews I just happened to like the way it made my skin feel and I will tell you the dermatology both of the Just the broad spectrum and then the one that is tinted both of my both of them make my skin feel the way Enigma does and this is a lot less expensive. So I will keep my be enigma in the refrigerator and We'll see what happens when the weather gets cool again, but so far. I'm really happy with this I really had given up trying to find a just a plain sunscreen for my face because every one of them Settled in my pores caused me to have a some sort of a rash I do have sensitive skin and you all may not But I tried so many that I had given up So I'm really glad to have that in last week's video when I did the giveaway I asked you to share with me your workhorse Products or items and I tell you there were a lot of you that loved the tweezerman tweezers So that made me feel good and I heard they're made in Germany and that speaks volume Because I've always heard German items are so well made. I had quite a few questions on other videos You know because I couldn't reply last week. Like are you not using this? Are you not using that? Yes. I'm still using my retinae I'm still using my Clarisonic I'm still derma rolling and I still use it CC plus cream But recently I've been using powder foundations a lot lately just I think it's just easy It gives me a light coverage and I'm really not going anywhere and even though I put makeup on for me And when I go when I go out when I go someplace I do kind of like to spiff it up just a little bit more But you guys don't hardly see me when I spiff it up There were so many of you that mentioned how much you love your new face device. I Would be all over using that if I didn't have an electrical problem with my heart if you have different electrical problems with your heart or If you have epilepsy, there's there's several other things you're really not supposed to use microcurrent devices I did use a device at one time and I found it to be very effective I was watching a video from Elle this morning today is Tuesday And she was talking about a new face that she got from Amazon She felt like it was a dupe and she was getting really good results So I know other people that have used new face and it has done very well I'm going to put a link to Elle's video below And if I can find any deals because if I find a deal I always try to put it in my show more section and if I don't have a good deal I won't put anything there something else. I believe really works, but I just know me I would not do it and it's the red light therapy. I think it does wonders for skin rejuvenation But you know my only red light therapy is the one I do on my lips And the only reason I do that is because it's part of my morning routine I put it in three minutes in the morning and that is it, but I do think there's some wonderful anti-aging Red light therapy devices, and I don't know which ones are good But you might share that in the comments below if you use one in case you haven't noticed I do not proofread my replies to anyone So I want you to know that if you don't proofread your comments to me I know what you're talking about.  I let it grow three months. I get a cut I let it grow three months and that's when I get my roots touched up But we didn't add highlights this time and that was fine with me. It was a lot quicker of an appointment It was the first time I was really out of the house around someone and yesterday Jim got his hair cut And I was gonna film in the living room But hey, I got so busy having the house to myself I was so busy cleaning that I didn't take time to film the video, but he feels much better with his hair cut We just got word yesterday that Illinois is going to start phase four and that starts Friday Which will be you know, it's this coming Friday, but I'm uploading this on Sunday So it will start on the Friday previous, but I don't really see much changing for Jim or me We're just gonna keep trying to stay healthy and just avoid crowds I cannot believe that you all still watch me. There's some people that have been with me from the beginning and I'm thinking I Mean I'm kind of getting bored with myself So if you don't ever see if you don't so if you don't see a video from me up on a Sunday morning It's because I am bored with myself. There's still a lot of videos. I want to do But sometimes I'm just not feeling my best the high humidity and the high dew point Even though we have central air conditioning. I I feel the air is thicker So if you don't see me, don't worry. It's just that I didn't have anything for that this week I want to announce the winners of my last giveaway and both winners will receive a real techniques prep and prime set a set of six makeup remover cloths and the trio of the small tubes of lancinol for your lips The first winner is Laura long 7 7 7 Congratulations Laura and the second winner is Angela T Congratulations Angela. I want to congratulate the winners of my giveaway Make sure you leave a comment below and I'll get back with you. It is all good Thank you so much for watching and for leaving a comment giving me the thumbs up subscribing sharing I just really really appreciate you. I will see you in my next video and take care in last week's in last week's and I'll get back to you So don't ever just gonna have to go with the road. Thank you all for everything. I I could


Today, we are going to study regarding the introduction to diesel cycle, means we are going to observe the working of diesel cycle, how it works and as you know diesel is the name of the scientist. So, diesel is name of the scientist which is given to this cycle which is one of the prime thermodynamic cycle. At the end of this session students or you will be able to describe the working of diesel cycle. Now, the diesel cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle. What are the different types of the idealized thermodynamic cycle? Rankine cycle is there, Carnot cycle is there, Otto cycle is there, diesel cycle is there. So, these are the idealized thermodynamic cycle. In reality, in practical the actual cycle differs from this to some extent. So, this is the ideal cycle which is not possible to execute because of so many constraints in the field. So, but the base is there from which we are going to execute the cycle. So, diesel engines whatever atom mobile or the say electricity generation for the say diesel power plant or for so many applications diesel engines are used. So, diesel is the fuel which is used over there and the base taken is of the diesel cycle. So, that cycle works on that engine works on the diesel cycle. So, idealized thermodynamic cycles amongst this which that is one of the cycle. Then combustion process of reciprocating internal combustion engine. So, this is a reciprocating IC engine, this is not the roti engine, this works in the linear direction movement of the piston. In it, the fuel is ignited by the heat generated during the compression of the air. Means, here there is a no spark generation we are going to inject the fuel, inject the diesel at the end of the compression in the very fine particle form that is an atomizer form due to the heat and the pressure at the end of the compression. The heat generated in the air due to the compression that leads to automatic ignition of the fuel which is ignited which is injected in the very fine particle form through the injector fuel injectors or the diesel injectors. This is in contrast to igniting the fuel air mixture with the spark plug as in the atto cycle 4 stroke or 2 stroke whether it is a 4 stroke auto cycle engine or 2 stroke engine where the fuel air mixture is ignited with the help of the spark plug. This is not the case for the diesel engine whether it is a 2 stroke or the 4 stroke. Then diesel engines are used in aircrafts, automobiles, power generation, diesel electric locomotives, ships and submarines. So, nowadays most of the locomotives means Indian railways, those are to be shifted to the diesel, those are shifting from diesel engine to the electric, but still there is a much more number of the diesel engines which are used for the generation of electricity in that engine and then the electricity is used to rotate the compressors, sorry, rotate the engines, electric engines which are electric motors rather we can say that is the electric motors to drive the locomotives or the railways. So, these are the various applications of the diesel engine in the field. Now, the diesel engine cycle is in front of you, here the P indicates the pressure which is on the y axis, V indicates the pressure, sorry volume on the x axis, here V2 is the volume which can be called as the clearance volume, V3 is the volume when the fuel injection stops that is the cutoff of the fuel injection will be there at point number 3 and V1 is the total volume. When the piston is moving from the top dead center to the bottom dead center means those are the two extreme positions and those two extreme positions are indicated by point number 4 or 1 on x axis and the extreme left hand position is indicated with the V2 which is the top dead center position. Similarly, the pressures are different at these different positions, P1 is the pressure at point 1, P4 is at point 4, pressure 2 and 3 those are same because the process of heat addition takes place at constant process that is from 2 to 3. Now, we will discuss regarding the 4 processes which are there for diesel cycle. Now, the first process is the isentropic compression of the fluid which is indicated by the say that is a blue color, but here the compression takes place, but before that the suction of the air will be there from point number say 2 which is on this axis V2 to the V1. So, suction of the air from the atmospheric pressure will be atmosphere will be there. So, at this point the wall that intake wall or suction wall opens and the suction of the air will be there till the piston reaches the bottom dead center position. Then the process 1 to 2 is the compression at the adiabatic condition. We are calling the isentropic as adiabatic also. So, here the entropy remains same or the heat transfer through the wall of the engine is restricted. So, 1 to 2 is the adiabatic compression. Now, when the piston reaches the top dead center, compression takes place when the suction wall closes at point number 1 means suction and the exhaust or intake and the in outlet wall both are closed when the movement of the piston starts from point number 1 towards the 2 and here the compression takes place because of that pressure increases from point number 1 to the point number 2. So, the high pressure is generated in the air because of the compression because of the reduction in the volume and this pressure will be sufficient to ignite the fuel at its own because of say pressure and temperature which is increased. So, at 2 point there will be T2 pressure at point number 1 there will be T1 pressure. So, T1 temperature line can be indicated like this which is having the more slope as compared to this adiabatic. Then this line if we consider curve considered over here this will have the higher temperature as compared to point number 1. Now, during this 2-3 process 2-3 is reversible constant pressure heating which is indicated by that red color. So, this is idealized cycle. So, this is theoretical cycle for which we are indicating 2-3 process arrow will be from this side and here the heat addition will be there that is Q in is there Q supplied is there which takes place because of say combustion of the fuel. So, at the end of the compression then the fuel injection starts the fuel means diesel is injected in the cylinder in the very fine atomized form and this atomized form of the diesel will get ignited on its own without generation of any spark and due to that sudden blast or sudden heat addition is there and this heat addition or the supply of the diesel will be continued from point number 2 to 3. At 3 point the cutoff of the fuel injection will be there and we can have the cutoff ratio as a V3 divided by V2. V3 divided by V2 is the cutoff ratio whereas the compression ratio is V1 divided by V2. Now here when the piston reaches this point number 3 condition then there will be cutoff of the diesel and expansion of the burned gases will be there which is shown by the yellow color. So, 3 to 4 is the adiabatic expansion. During this the power is obtained from the engine we get the power from the diesel engine during this stroke only whereas the other strokes are ideal not generating any power those are the idle strokes. Those are the strokes in which we have to incur the energy to the piston for its movement through the crankshaft, crank and the connecting rod mechanism and for that purpose the flywheels are required and the here diesel engine requires the heavy flywheel because the compression ratio is higher as compared to the auto cycle. Auto cycle has got the compression ratio from 5 to 10 whereas the diesel engine requires the high compression ratio from 14 to 20. So, here the power is obtained from this engine diesel engine and this point number 4 is the point where the exhaust valve or the outlet valve opens and because of that burned gases in the cylinders are exhausted in the atmosphere as soon as the exhaust valve is open and due to that there is a drop of the pressure from point 4 to 1. So, this is reversible constant volume cooling or rather we can say that is a heat rejection process. So, heat is rejected to the atmosphere during this process and that is the process indicated by the 4 to 1 where the drop of the say pressure will be there from 4 to 1 and volume remains same. Now, when the exhaust valve is opened at point number 4, exhausted gases are expelled or the exhausted through the silencer the pressure reaches the point number 1 but still there are burned gases in the atmosphere those are to be rejected due to the movement of say piston from bottom dead center to the top dead center position from say even condition to the V2 condition there will be expelling of the burned gases which are still in that cylinder. So, that is the say process in practical this is not the theoretical. Theoretically cycle is comprising of 4 processes only 1, 2 compression at adiabatic condition 2, 3 heat addition at constant pressure 3, 2, 4 is the adiabatic or the isentropic expansion and 4, 1 is heat rejection at constant volume process. So, here it comprises of 2 adiabatic process 1 constant pressure and last as a constant volume process. So, this is regarding the say diesel cycle which is widely used for the engineering applications and applications were seen in the first slide itself. So, that is used for the aircraft, locomotive, power generation all the automobiles with the heavy capacity. So, that is for that purpose we are using this diesel cycle. Have you understood the working of this diesel cycle now? Is there any difficulty? Ok nice no difficulty. Thank you.


So, I was asked or invited to present here on a general level what Open and Agile Smart Cities does at the initiative. It's something that was launched a little over two years ago in Brussels with just 31 cities, seven countries. Today we have 104 cities, many countries from all around the world. We're looking to add more. So, there's quite a lot of momentum behind the organization. And, you know, so we were asked here to kind of present what we do and why it could be relevant to cities in Colombia and the whole Latin American region. Today we have Mexico and Brazil already on board as countries in the network and we'd be happy to have other countries join as well. Yes, definitely. So, what we see is that, you know, the countries we work with, the cities we work with, they, you know, have very concrete ways of, you know, working together, sharing data. And then once you start doing sharing data as a city, especially together with other cities in the same way, you get noticed by developers, by innovators and so forth. And you get those smart people and they come work on the local problems, build the cool apps and so forth. You know, and try to contribute in a positive way to city development. And the nice thing is it's often also with a sustainable business model, because sustainability, ecologically and so forth, is nice. But, you know, sustainability as a business model is, of course, also important because that keeps everything going. Well, I can, anybody who hasn't been definitely should put it on their list if they are anytime in the region. Or even not in the region, I think it's a great place to see. So far, you know, based on my first impressions and I actually think the experience is only going to get better. So come to Manizales, yeah, why not? Thank you very much. You're welcome.