come back everyone. So before we begin, we'll just do a small recap of what we covered last week. But with some prayer please for that. Let us pray. Heavenly Father we just thank you for this time of study. We just pray Father that as we get into your word Father that your word will minister to us and lead us in this topic Father. We also pray Father that we will be able to retain whatever we're going to learn today and be able to apply it in our daily lives Father. We pray for a blessing on all the staff and students Father. In Jesus' precious name we pray. Amen. Okay so we'll just do a quick recap of what we did last week. We looked at the author of the Gospel of Mark so John Mark who had accompanied Paul and Silas on their first missionary journey had then Paul and Barnabas sorry and then he left them in the middle of that journey and so Paul didn't want to take him along on their second journey together. Then we see that he became a companion to Peter later on and so the Gospel of Mark is believed to be primarily Peter's account of Jesus' ministry and a lot of what we see in Mark is from his recollection, his recording of what Jesus did and Jesus' life. So who it was written to? It was written to the Roman Christians so much more focused on a gentile audience than a Jewish audience and we see how all of that comes into the way Mark writes the Gospel so less OT, less Old Testament quotations explanation about some of the Jewish practices and customs he talks about and then also some parables that he chooses not to include in the Gospel itself. Why he wrote the book was specifically to a persecuted church so we see Mark talking a lot about suffering Jesus' suffering and then suffering as disciples so when Mark is talking about Jesus as the Messiah he closely connects that with Jesus' death and resurrection. Every time Jesus is talking about the fact that he has come as the Messiah or he's the Son of God he talks about himself going to the cross and connects that also to the disciples call to take up their cross and follow him. So that is Mark's focus on Jesus' suffering servant and the call of disciples to suffer so writing to the persecuted church to encourage them that this is what we are called to but just as Jesus overcame we will overcome by the power of Jesus by the power of the Holy Spirit. So yeah we see Christ the tireless servant of God and man and then we talked about the messianic secret where Jesus didn't want the fact that he was the Messiah to be revealed to people because the more and more people knew it he would get more attention that would come in the way of what he had to do during his ministry on earth and also because it would also get him attention from the authorities and he had to finish his ministry before the time of his death so he wanted to focus on doing that work on keeping his focus on the ministry that he was doing without people knowing who he was until it would be revealed after his resurrection. The dating various dates given by various scholars but mostly in the 60s is when Mark is believed to be written and then we looked at some of the features of the gospel it's the shortest gospel focus on the divinity of Christ and his humanity and a lot of focus on his miracles rather than teaching rather than teaching on eschatology or Jesus of teaching itself he teaches a lot more he talks a lot more about Jesus's miracles so we listed the we looked at the list of all of the miracles so there's a total of 19 miracles that Mark records so for a very for the shortest gospel he records a lot of miracles so you know then just by the fact that he's recorded so many miracles that the book itself is very very focused on what Jesus did and how what Jesus did proved who he was and proved the heart of God itself for all humanity to free us from sickness from power from the power of satan to empower us to live in victory over the works of satan and then we looked at I think we did look at this okay first on the slow gas this just sister girl yeah okay thank you okay so we also looked at we compared it with other biblical books so like Isaiah Mark also presents Jesus as a servant of God in comparison to Luke and John whereas Luke and John present Jesus as a victor over over sin and death so the cross is a place of victory Mark and Matthew present him as a victim of suffering so they are much more focused on the suffering rather than the victory John emphasizes the power of miracles so John talks about the word of God becoming flesh and it's a much more theological book whereas Mark is much more focused on the actual acts the miracles themselves and what was accomplished through the miracles so with that we will go through an outline of the book of Mark it's just a summary of everything that Mark covers wherever possible or if needed we can go into the passage and read it so it begins with the introduction of Jesus as God's obedient servant okay so we have if you can open so open your bibles with me and we'll kind of scroll through as we are also looking at this outline so beginning with Mark we see John the Baptist preparing the way so John the Baptist is preaching and the prophecy of Isaiah is mentioned here a voice of one calling in the wilderness prepare the way for the Lord make straight paths for him and so John begins this ministry pointing people to Jesus we then see the baptism of Jesus where Jesus is affirmed as being the son of of God himself in verse 11 which we read last week and we know about Mark's emphasis on Jesus as the son of God and then we see right after Jesus's baptism that he is led into the wilderness and he is tempted for 40 days by Satan so that's just we have a very brief account of it just two verses right mark gives us two verses about Jesus being in the wilderness no details on the temptation like we see in the other gospels then from verses 14 so chapter one verses 14 to chapter nine verse 50 it moves to Jesus as a servant ministering in Galilee we see the calling of the first four disciples from verses 14 to 20 of chapter one this comes after John is imprisoned so John is imprisoned and then Jesus begins ministering and he starts to preach about the kingdom so he goes out to the Sea of Galilee he calls Simon and Andrew after that he calls John and James and then he goes on to do a few miracles we have a listing of some of the miracles that he does here healings and exhaustisms and then in chapter two verse one we see where some of the conflict with religious leaders begins right so right here in chapter two it has already begun so this is why Jesus wanted to keep his ministry or his identity as the son of God as the messiah a secret because of this opposition that would come up but but if we read I think at the end of mark one yeah at the end of mark one Jesus healed a man with leprosy and he tells him don't tell anyone go show yourself to the priest and offer the sacrifices that Moses commanded but verse 45 says instead he went out and began to talk freely spreading the news as a result Jesus could no longer enter a town openly but stayed outside in lonely places yet the people still came to him from everywhere so the reason why Jesus didn't want it to become public knowledge was because knowing that the crowds would follow him knowing that the opposition from other religious leaders would begin so two one two three six is a lot of miracles that Jesus is doing clubbed with opposition from from other religious leaders so the first story they're questioning how can Jesus forgive sins in the second story they are questioning why why Jesus is eating with sinners and tax collectors after he calls Matthew to follow him in the next story they're questioning why he is why his disciples are taking grains from the field on the Sabbath day why are they working on the Sabbath day and then in mark three we see them questioning him because he healed someone on the Sabbath and the end of mark chapter three verse six it says the Pharisees went out began to plot with the Herodians how they might kill Jesus so right here they've started that plot to kill Jesus right in chapter three after this Jesus chooses from all of the people who are following him he chooses the 12 disciples chapter 3 verses 7 to 19 and then from verse 20 onwards the conflict with religious leaders continues so we see his family questioning him wondering if he is out of his mind because because he's not stopping to even eat like he's always doing ministry he's always surrounded by people he has no time to rest no time to eat and so his family is upset about that then we see that the teachers say that he is casting out demons by the spirit of Baals above and so Jesus responds to that as well from mark four onwards we go to parables of the kingdom so we have the sore and the seed the hidden light the growing mustard seed and after that we have the miracle of the calming of the sea the miracle of the man being set free from demons where the demons are sent into the pigs in chapter five verses one to twenty the healing of jeres' daughter and the women with the issue of blood in chapter five verses 21 to 43 then in chapter six we see Jesus's rejection at Nazareth so this is where he goes and he preaches in the synagogue and people are offended because he is one of them he grew up amongst them and now he's come back and he's preaching to them and so they are unwilling to accept his ministry then six chapter six verses seven to thirteen we see the sending of the twelve they are sent out to minister two people chapter six verses 14 to 29 the death of John the Baptist this is Herod killing John the Baptist because of his wife Herodias and then chapter six verse 30 to 44 we have the feeding of the five thousand chapter six 45 to 52 Jesus walking on water 53 to 56 healings more healings chapter seven verses one to 23 warning about the Pharisees and in this chapter we also see in this same passage where the disciples still don't understand Jesus's ministry so he's just fed the five thousand and he tells them he's warning them about the Pharisees be careful about the Pharisees the yeast of the Pharisees and they think he's talking about bread because they have not carried bread and so he says do you still not understand so we see both that warning about the Pharisees as well as the lack of understanding of the disciples about Jesus's power Jesus's ability to to do to provide for people then we see more healings we see the feeding of the four thousand again a warning about the Pharisees in chapter eight verses 10 to 21 and then followed by that heal the healing of the blind man so this also the healing of the blind man we see that gradual opening of the eyes of the blind man almost like a picture of how Jesus is slowly revealing himself to the disciples so here he heals the blind man the first time the blind man can see the people walking around like trees and then the second time is when he can actually see almost like a comparison to where the disciples are the disciples are still not able to understand what Jesus is doing his ministry and they are like that blind man seeing trees walking around but it is only with after Jesus's death and resurrection that their eyes are fully opened to who Jesus was and what he what it meant to be the Messiah and what Jesus's final goal as the Messiah was was to redeem all people from sin then we see from Galilee Jesus moves to Caesarea Philippi we read about Peter's confession of Jesus as the Son of God the Messiah this is where Jesus first tells his disciples about him going to the cross they then see the transfiguration this is Peter James and John go with Jesus they see him transfigured on the mount and he tells them again don't tell anyone about this until after the resurrection so again they don't understand what he means by resurrection but it's only post that that they are allowed to tell people about it and when they come back from the transfiguration is when the disciples the story about the disciples being unable to heal the boy possessed by a demon and Jesus says this one comes out only by prayer ministry in Galilee Jesus goes back to Galilee we see most of Mark Jesus is ministering in Galilee so again the understanding of the geography of Galilee who were the people there that Jesus was ministering to is very helpful to understand this book the book of Mark um Christ's second prediction of his death uh so Mark records this much more than the other gospels Jesus telling his disciples about the fact that he's going to die um then uh the children and the kingdom uh chapter 9 versus uh 33 to 37 maybe we can just read that chapter 9 33 to 37 then he came to cavernum and when he was in the house he asked them what was it you disputed among yourselves on the road but they kept silent for on the road they had disputed among themselves who would be the greatest and he sat down called the 12 and said to them if anyone desires to be first he shall be last of all and servant of all then he took a little child and set him in the midst of them and when he had taken him in his arms he said to them whoever receives one of these little children in my name receives me and whoever receives me receives not me but him who sent me thank you so uh here Jesus talking about not fighting over greatness in the kingdom uh so just as a child um was not given much importance in that culture uh it's Jesus Jesus came for the least right the people who were least important uh and so that was the attitude that he was calling the disciples to um versus 38 to 41 of chapter 9 he is talking about whoever is ministering in my name don't stop them because if they are ministering in my name then they can't turn around and then deny who I am uh right so the disciples had stopped some people from ministering uh in Jesus name because they were not one of the 12 disciples but Jesus said don't stop them because they were ministering in my name that's something for us to just think about in ministry as well uh to be able to acknowledge the ministry of others uh not based on whether they are part of our group or not but whether Jesus himself is being glorified in that ministry whether they're doing whatever they're doing in the name of Jesus um then uh we see versus 42 to 50 again Jesus talking about children here he's talking about judgment coming on people who lead children astray so anyone who uh causes a child to fall away from god uh causes a child to stumble uh will be judged severely uh because they've taken someone who's innocent and they have uh they have destroyed the faith of that innocent child and so they are in danger of hell uh from here we move on uh in chapter 10 to Jesus the servant starting to journey to Jerusalem uh so very early on uh the book has 16 chapters so from 10 onwards is this journey to Jerusalem um on the way he ministers uh in Peria and Judea he teaches on divorce uh he teaches on children and the kingdom again so we see uh just in these two chapters children coming up three times right so uh a lot of focus on children in this part of Mark and in Mark in general I think compared to the gospels uh then we see the rich young ruler um also a lot of teaching on uh what how we can enter the kingdom of god right we saw in the previous chapter where he said you have to be like children you shouldn't be fighting over who is greatest and here in the rich young ruler story he talks about how hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of god uh but it's only by the grace of god that people are saved and able to enter the kingdom of god um and then we see Christ's third prediction of his death here uh again talking about greatness in the kingdom versus 35 to 45 and then uh end we end that chapter with Jesus's ministry near Jerusalem uh so this is before they reach Jerusalem uh Jesus heals a blind man this is a really powerful story of someone who persists till Jesus heals him so then the story of Bartimaeus Jesus is passing by and he's crying out to Jesus to heal him and the disciples people around him are telling him to be quiet not to disturb the teacher but even though they are saying that he cries out even louder until Jesus stops calls him to him and asks him what do you want me to do for you uh so persistence not giving up even though people were uh telling him to be quiet to stop asking Jesus uh to not disturb Jesus Bartimaeus continues to call out to Jesus and then the result is that he is healed and uh what's beautiful in the end of this chapter is that he begins to follow Jesus after that so he's healed and he starts to follow Jesus end of chapter 10 uh then we move into chapter 11 Jesus enters uh Jerusalem on uh on a cold right uh and then he curses the fig tree he cleanses the temple uh then there's a lesson on the fig tree uh which is a lesson on faith if you have faith as small as a mustard seed uh you can move you can say to this mountain be thrown into the sea and if you don't doubt in your heart then it will be done uh so that's a teaching on faith based on that cursing of the fig tree then we see uh teaching on forgiveness let's just read that mark 11 25 and 26 and whenever you stand praying if you have anything against anyone forgive him then your father in heaven may also forgive you your trespasses but if you do not forgive neither will your father in heaven forgive your trespasses okay so uh Jesus is teaching on forgiveness here um again 27 to 33 uh is Jesus authority being questioned because he has just cleansed the temple uh so has offended a lot of people uh so the um chief priest the teachers of the law the elders come to him and ask him by what authority is he doing this and his responses whose authority was john the Baptist using when he was ministering was it authority that came from heaven or was it a human authority and their response is what are they responding what's it yeah they say I don't know right because they don't want to uh choose either of those options uh and then Jesus says then I won't tell you uh by whose authority I'm doing this um then in chapter 12 we go into the parable of the wicked farmer uh this is Jesus teaching on the religious leaders so they recognize that Jesus is uh talking about them as uh servants who have been unfaithful in taking care of the field that has been entrusted to them by the owner by God himself uh and so um by the end of this story uh they are looking for ways to arrest Jesus uh because they know that he had spoken the parable against them uh versus 13 to 17 there's a question about paying taxes to Caesar again uh the Pharisees and Herodians are trying to trap Jesus so they ask who do we should we pay taxes to the Roman government um and then versus 18 to 27 is uh the Sadducees questioning Jesus asking about uh resurrection right so if a man dies his wife doesn't have children she marries the next brother they don't have children and he dies she marries the next brother in the resurrection whose uh wife is she so again in this chapter a lot of people who are coming against Jesus so the Sadducees are not really wanting to know an answer right they're just trying to prove their own wisdom and trying to see whether Jesus can come up with an answer that can satisfy them and then Jesus obviously at the end of it says that they don't know the scriptures uh and in the scriptures it says that God is the God of Abraham Isaac and Jacob God is the God of the living and so there is a resurrection that we can look forward to uh based on those passages so Jesus here when he's talking about this is actually talking about the he's using the Old Testament to talk about resurrection which is very interesting right we look at the resurrection only based on Jesus's death and resurrection but right in the Old Testament we can see the resurrection being pointed to the hope of resurrection being pointed to uh right in the Old Testament and then chapters 11 to 13 is Jesus's servants ministry in Jerusalem uh so we see 28 to 34 the question about the greatest commandment uh versus 35 to 37 question about the son of David this is where Jesus asks why if the Messiah is from the line of David uh why does David call him Lord right he asks them this question in verses 35 to 37 uh of chapter 12 uh and then uh 38 to 40 uh denunciation of the scribes so just talking about how they seek honor they do things for human honor uh so not to not to follow their example uh the end of chapter 12 is the widow's offering uh and then in chapter 13 is where Jesus teaches um uh on the he talks about the temple uh and then he is in the mount of olives and he starts to teach the disciples and that whole chapter is so there's just one chapter in mark where there's extended teaching the rest of it is uh much more you can see just Jesus doing one thing after another right miracles conversations with people uh much more focus on that uh and then chapters 14 to 16 uh we see the plot to kill Jesus uh is uh starting to be made here in chapter 14 uh the anointing by Mary with the jar of alabaster uh Judas uh going to the uh going to the religious leaders and saying that he will betray Jesus um then we see the Passover and the Lord supper uh that the disciples have together with Jesus uh Jesus predicts Peter's denial then prayer uh where Jesus goes to get seminary with the disciples and his praying um where he's arrested and then his trial uh during his trial is Peter's denial uh the crucifixion the burial and then chapter 16 is Jesus's resurrection uh so with that we come to the end of mark uh so mark is a very short book but it is uh full like there's no there's no downtime in mark it's just constantly Jesus doing one thing after another uh so it's very very full of action full of activity that's going on um the last two things that we look at in mark so on Thursday we'll go into the book of Luke uh if you are able to read Luke before Thursday please do try and do that uh or read uh read something at least a summary on the book of Luke um so we look at these two aspects of the book of mark the disciples uh let's just read mark 316 to 19 Simon to whom he gave the name Peter James the son of Zebedee and John the brother of James to whom he gave the name Bonerges that is son of sons of thunder Andrew Philip Bartolomia Matthew Thomas James the son of Alpheus Thaddeus Simon the Kenanite and Judas Iscariot who also betrayed him and they went into a house thank you can you read um 13 to 15 as well and he went up on the mountain and called to him those he himself wanted and they came to him then he appointed 12 that they might be with him and they might send them out to preach and to have power to heal sicknesses and to cast out demons thank you so uh we see uh the term disciples that was applied to all those who were following Jesus during his time of ministry but these 12 were the disciples like the chosen people who Jesus himself had said would be the people who would be with him who would learn from him and then go out preach heal and drive out demons right so that was their their specific mission that Jesus had given them um so discipleship was a very common practice in the New Testament times we'll just read these three passages uh Matthew 9 14 20 to 16 and Acts 9 25 Matthew 9 14 then the disciples of John came to him saying why do we and the Pharisees fast but your disciples do not fast Matthew 20 to 16 Matthew 20 to 16 and they sent to him the disciples with the Herodians saying teacher we know that you are true and teach the way of God in truth nor do you care about anyone for you do not regard the person of men and acts 9 25 acts 9 25 then the disciples took him by night and let him down through the wall in a large basket so we see uh here all kinds of disciples mentioned right uh Matthew 9 14 uh we see a group of disciples uh that's sorry let me just open Matthew 9 14 uh group of disciples that were following John and they go to question Jesus about fasting so we have John's disciples Matthew 20 to 16 is the disciples of the Pharisees acts 9 25 are other disciples who joined the 12 disciples after Jesus's death and resurrection so those disciples uh lowering Paul in the basket uh so discipleship was something that was very uh a common practice in uh the New Testament times um we don't see it mentioned outside of the gospel and acts when it comes to uh our scriptures itself uh so it was first used to describe all those who are following Jesus then specifically the 12 disciples uh but then that those disciples started to be called apostles right so there wasn't much use of the term disciples until uh again it was revived uh later on to refer to other Christians who were following Jesus started to be called disciples that was much later but outside of the gospels and acts we don't see that term being used um and discipleship as a process is uh very well structured in Mark so if we read through the book of Mark you can see how Jesus discipled uh these 12 who were following him the process of discipleship uh they were with Jesus at all times they were learning from Jesus that is they were doing ministry with him they were observing the way he was living his life outside of the ministry right so they were not only with him when he was with the crowds they were with him when he was away when nobody was watching him so they saw his life they learned from him they were able to uh ask him questions they were able to talk about their doubts they were able to bring their weaknesses so Jesus is teaching them he is correcting them personally as well when they are fighting over who's the greatest uh when they are um when they are asking for a seat uh with him in heaven uh all of these things they are able to bring all those things to him and he is able to uh teach them to correct them uh to help them understand what it really means uh to be in the kingdom of god to be living as a servant just like Jesus had come as a servant and so um that was the process of discipleship that was followed there that uh actually was incredibly effective just for three years uh they were able to uh grow so much spiritually that they became the people who led the church after the three years who established uh the church so that's something for us to learn I think uh today in the church uh this form of discipleship uh mark is a good place to start uh looking at how can we do discipleship better in the church um so discipleship in those times uh there was a close relationship between the teacher and the person being discipled right apart from teaching they were also living together um the disciple was expected not only to uh learn from the teacher but also to live the way the teacher lived that was the goal right they take what the teacher is teaching they start to practice it and they start to uh to follow the example of the teacher to be just like their teacher is and then from there to go out and disciple others so each of them was then to have disciples who followed them to pass on the teaching that they had received so that was the process of discipleship uh that we see in the new testament that Jesus uh practiced with his disciples another thing that we see in the book of mark is the crucifixion itself so the crucifixion was first something that was done by the persians before the romans adopted it it was a punishment that the persians used uh the romans then took that and they kind of made their own rules around it so they would never crucify a roman citizen they were only they only crucified slaves and criminals and the process of crucifixion was that uh there would be a stake in the ground right and on the top of the stake there would be another crossbar and the person was being crucified their hands would be fastened to the stake to the crossbar that was on top of the stake uh and when it was fastened it would be a little bit above their head so they uh it was kind of raised up above uh their head that they were fastened to the crossbar uh as they were raised like that and then uh the stake was in the ground the blood from their body would all go to the lower parts of their body because of the way they were positioned on the cross and over a few days as their blood drained from the top of their bodies to the lower part of their bodies the blood stopped going to their heart and to their head and that is that would be the cause of death because the blood would stop circulating uh their to their heart and head uh so it was a process that happened over a few days and it was a very painful process because death was slow it wasn't something that happened immediately happened over um over several days of hanging on the cross uh the way that they would hasten death was uh by beating the victim or the criminal whoever was being crucified before crucifixion and the other way was after crucifixion to break their legs those were the ways to make them die a little quicker to uh if there was a lot of pain or if they had not yet died they would do one of those things to kill kill the person finally so this is what is surprising about Jesus's crucifixion was that he died actually very quickly compared to uh how how people would have died usually it would take a few days right but in the record of scripture he's on the cross for about three hours before he dies also on the cross they would have uh uh it's called a titillus which would be above the head of the person being crucified and that would have the crime that the person had committed so what was it that by was why were they being crucified now all of this was a warning to other people the crucifixion was done in such a painful and uh a way that would shame people uh so that other people would be scared they would not do the same thing the person had done and the putting the name of the crime on the top would further dissuade other people from looking at that and saying okay i will never do this because i don't want to be in this person's place um but how is the crucifixion of jesus different from these crucifixions uh let's just we have just a minute or so if we can quickly read through these passages acts to 23 this jesus delivered up according to the definite plan and for knowledge of god you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men thank you so god's plan and for knowledge it was not uh the plan of the people uh it was not something that they were able to do it was what god himself had planned and intended and that's why jesus was crucified uh one peter 318 for christ also suffered once for sins the righteous for the unrighteous that he might bring us to god being put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit thank you so to bring us to god jesus was crucified to bring us to god colossians 1 14 in whom we have redemption the forgiveness of sins jesus was crucified for our redemption for forgiveness of our sins Ephesians 1 17 or 1 7 sorry in him we have redemption through his blood the forgiveness of our trespasses according to the riches of his grace and Hebrews 10 14 for by a single offering he has perfected for all time those who are being sanctified thank you so uh we see here that although the crucifixion was something that was uh was done intentionally by the jewish religious leaders by the roman authorities uh that it was god's purposes that was fulfilled uh through when we read the gospels when we read the new testament that god was fulfilling his purposes he allowed jesus to go through this process of suffering that was being used by the romans but his uh his plans his purposes were uh the guiding uh or the the uh the reason why jesus went through it it was not the purposes of man and so um we see that god himself was uh was responsible in the fact that god himself allowed this to happen god intended it for it to happen uh and um it was god's final uh will that was done in the crucifixion so we'll close here and uh we'll see you on thursday we'll start with the book of Luke thank you all


I'm very happy and proud to be able to introduce to you Professor Batali Rice, an outstanding member of our faculty in every regard. He received his PhD from UC Berkeley, and then he did a very interesting postdoctoral experience at UC San Francisco Medical School, which truly brought him into the translational clinical domain. And after a brief stint as an assistant professor at the University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, he joined our faculty and obviously was recently promoted. His expertise is computational fluid mechanics, but done in a way where he strives to have his model predictions clinically relevant. And I literally mean to a patient where he takes imaging data from patients and matches them up in very clever ways with his computational models and is able to give clinicians insights into what therapies are needed in order to help patients, for example, with cerebral aneurysms, which are very, very difficult surgeries. And Batali does a tremendous job in linking, in a sense, what we might call hardcore engineering with clinical medicine. He's also an outstanding teacher with us, very, very dedicated, particularly at the undergraduate level. He's completely transformed our biomedical transport course. And he's won our Tacker Prize for the outstanding teacher in our school. So without further ado, I'll turn it over to Batali. And again, a delight to have on our faculty. George, thank you very much for the kind introduction. I hope you can see my slides. Let me make sure you can see my slides here. Yes. And it's my pleasure and my honor to give this talk. I will talk about image-based modeling of blood flow. And throughout my career as a biomedical engineer, I see myself as the bridge between engineering and clinical communities. And that started back in my graduate and postdoctoral studies at University of California Berkeley Mechanical Engineering and Radiology Department of UC San Francisco. And I was driving back and forth between these departments across the Bay Bridge, Oakland Bay Bridge that you see on this slide. And I'm very happy that now at Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, I can work with outstanding engineering students and colleagues and keep my close collaboration with clinicians without physically driving across the bridge twice a day. So my cardiovascular flow modeling lab is working on improving diagnostics and treatment of cardiovascular disease by conducting engineering analysis of blood flow dynamics. And due to the limitation of time, I will talk only about those of my projects that are funded by National Institute of Health.  And I will talk about my clinical collaborators, how I got to work with the leading neurosurgeons, radiologists, and medical physicists in the country at several clinical centers. So historically, the main focus of my work was on image-based modeling of blood flow in brain aneurysms. And those are local dilations of arteries providing flow to the brain. So if they grow and rupture, they cause hemorrhage and stroke. So the idea is that by looking at blood flow dynamics, we can help with pre-certification identifying any rhythm that are likely to rupture and providing guidance for surgical treatment of these patients. And that started with my post-doctoral studies at Radiology UC San Francisco with David Saloner, who is a professor of radiology and director of Vascular Imaging Research Center. And we looked at monitoring aneurysm patients with annual MR and geography data. And you can see registration of images obtained from clinical studies, MR studies over years. And we found that out of 100 patients that we studied, only about 12 aneurysms actually grew. So most of the aneurysms remained stable. And I started modeling blood flow dynamics in these patients to understand how flow descriptors are linked. I'm trying to advance my slides. How the flow descriptors are linked to aneurysm progression. And we found that indeed, aneurysm that grow tends to have low wall shear stress, frictional force between the flowing blood and vessel wall. And so I applied and reviewed my first translational NIH K-25 award, K-25 award that helped me to start my work as independent investigator. At that time, I started working with Dr. Michael Lowden, who is a world famous neurosurgeon treating these patients. And later on, he moved to become president and CEO of Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, Arizona. So I started modeling these surgeries with a computation fluid dynamics to predict postoperative flow fields. And we developed this virtual contrast method of visualizing blood flow and indicating regions with increased flow response time that could predict blood clot formation in aneurysm following surgeries. So we were supported by NIH Heart, Lungs and Blood Institute, larger R01 grant and successfully predicted postoperative clotting in a number of these patients. So at that time, I realized that to continue with my studies, I really need engineering students and I need to be in the engineering department. So first I found this position in University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee with also appointment in medical college of Wisconsin and University of Arkansas for medical science. And so I modeled a number of their patients with our predictive models. But fortunately, I was able to move to Purdue and join this wonderful department here where I can work with the best students in engineering and maintain my collaboration with clinicians. So also when I moved to Midwest, I started working with Michael Markle, who is a professor of radiology at North Western University. And he is a pioneer in developing MRI methods for measuring blood flow in vivo. He coined the word 4D flow MRI, time-resolved three-directional velocity measurements. So by cleverly manipulating magnetic field gradients, you can get velocity vectors over the cardiac cycle. And comparing these images of blood flow with MRI to our computational models, we understood that each technique has advantages and limitations, modeling assumptions of computations, limited resolution and noise of MRI. So the question is, can we somehow fuse this data? Can we blend these two techniques to overcome limitations of each approach? And since we don't know the true flow in a patient, we need some benchmark data, some test data. And that's how I expanded into experimental studies. And we developed a method for 3D printing transparent flow phantoms for experimental flow measurements from medical images. And I started my close collaboration with Pavlos Vlasov in beginning engineering here. And in his lab, they use particle image velocity symmetry to obtain highly resolved, time-dependent volumetric data in these phantoms. In parallel, I started working on in-vitro and in vivo 4D flow MRI measurements at Purdue. And you see measurements in flow phantoms and in healthy volunteers obtained on 3 Tesla scanner at Purdue MRI facility. So this work is supported by NIH R21 exploratory grant between the team of Purdue and North Western. And we are developing methods to enhance resolution of MRI so that we can better get relevant flow descriptors. But ultimately, our goal is to identify aneurysms that are at risk of growth and rupture. And so we want to combine clinical risk factors that are currently used in clinical setting with our engineering analysis with the risk factors related to blood flow. So for developing predictive models, we need a lot of data, a lot of patients. And my connections to clinicians at several centers helped to put together a team of investigators from Purdue, North Western, Barrow Neurological Institute, and UC San Francisco. And we recently were funded by, again, NIH Heart, Lungs, and Blood Institute R01 grant. So the idea is that we would use those enhanced 4D flow MRI measurements in patients to predict aneurysms that are at risk of growth and rupture. Expanding this method to other vascular territories, I started working on a biomedical device for capturing toxins from blood. So when liver tumors are treated by injecting chemotherapeutic drugs in the arteries feeding the tumor, a large fraction of these drugs pass into systemic circulation causing side effects. And the idea is to develop a device that can chemically bind and capture those drugs during the procedure. So from simple initial design, we went to a fairly sophisticated three-stage multi-channel design. And this work is collaboration with UC San Francisco, University of California, Berkeley, and Caltech. And it is funded by a National Cancer Institute R01 grant. So we conducted multi-scale and multi-physics computations coupling flow dynamics and transport and using analogy between heat and mass transport. And as you can see, we developed this honeycomb multi-channel configuration. We recently got a US patent for this device. My future directions are in studying models of flow cerebral spinal fluid in the brain. So that's analysis of brain health. And there are two directions. One is using deep learning approach to enhance imaging of cerebral spinal fluid that is removing metabolic waste from brain. So that's collaboration with Professor Ed Delp and Purdue Institute of Integrative Neuroscience. And another project is on finding biomechanical biomarkers predicting Alzheimer's disease, modeling brain ventricles. We have a pending R21 grant with Dr. Inge Tong. And I want to also briefly talk about teaching because that's the favorite part of my job. I teach biomedical transport to graduate and undergraduate students. And when I presented material to over 100 students with backgrounds in biology and engineering, I used dimensional analysis to show the similarity between the transport of fluids, mass, and heat. And I talk about different mechanisms of transport. You see a red blood cell navigating through the roads of circulation. And I talk about advection and diffusive transport. And so it's important that the students not just plug what's known to them into formulas that are set for them, but understand the physical meanings of equations, understand how to model physical phenomena and assumptions and limitations of the models and compare them to clinical data and measurements. And I was awarded attacker prize for teaching in BME for that. So I want to finish with acknowledging my external clinical collaborators from North Western University, Barrow Neurological Institute, UC San Francisco, IU School of Medicine, and University of Lyon and France. And of course, I wouldn't be able to do this research without my brilliant graduate students and postdocs. And I'm very grateful to them for their hard work. So thank you for your attention. And I'm ready for questions. Natalie, thank you. The question I always get when I see your presentations, and this is, I'm sure, the audience is thinking, how do you balance all these projects and how do you prioritize? Because someone with your talents, quite frankly, has lots of opportunities to make, in this case, biomedical contributions. Can you give us a sense how you weigh different research opportunities and maybe, and how that's changed over time in your career and in your learning process? Thank you, George. That's a fantastic question. That's probably the single most difficult problem, most difficult questions that I have in my research. And I think my collaborators and my students helped me very much. So I see what is interesting to my lab, to my team, where we can make progress. And my students explore multiple projects. And whenever we see an opportunity, something where we can really make a difference, we advance in this direction. So I'm really grateful to my grad students and postdocs for helping me prioritize. Yeah, that's what I found too, that diversity of opinion that also sometimes crosses generations can be tremendously valuable in terms of, and it brings a cohesion to the lab. Vitaly? Yes. I am going to ask Alice's question for her. What advice would you give your early self, given what you know now? Well, I would advise myself to remain confident and to get involved in data science as early as possible. Thank you. Data science is awesome. We understand how statistical methods can help us analyzing this data from models, measurements and experiments and how to fuse and blend this together and how to develop novel methods. Very good. Vitaly, thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you.


Hey there, I'm Chad Boninger. I'm the Business Librarian at Ohio University Libraries. This video is designed to help the OPI, those students in the Ohio program for intensive English, do research on how to do business in another country. They're researching country facts and also information about a country's culture, business climate, business communication issues, things like that. So this video showcases some of the key resources to help them in doing the research for that project. So here you go. The first resource we'll be looking at to give you a general overview of your country is Europa World Plus. And as you can see right here in the description, it is an online version of the Europa World Yearbook, which means it comes out once a year. So it's updated quite frequently. So what we're going to do here is go up and look for our country here. So basically we'll drop down and we'll use India as our example so we can scroll down until we find our country. Click on India and then click Go. This will take us to the India homepage where we'll find general information such as the area and population, GDP of the country, general government and facts and things like that. So this has a lot of information. For example, if you're looking for history of your country, you can click on history over here on the left-hand side and you'll see that there is lots and lots and lots and lots of information here about your country. So pretty much everything you need to know quickly about your country and its history will be there. A good place to look for that kind of information. Information about the economy likewise can be found underneath the economy link on the left side. And that will give us information about the economy, how the economy is growing, things like that. Lots of information about the GDP and things like that. So really good information that you can find that way. There is a nice country statistics section here where you can go in and say, I'm looking for information about the country's industries. If you click on the country's industry link under country statistics, and there you'll find information about what kind of industries they are involved in and information like that. Likewise, we go back over here on the left-hand side. If you want to know things like external trade, this will give you information about some of the country's principal or main trading partners, as well as some of the things they export, some of the things they sell to other countries or import, things they bring in from other countries. One thing you want to pay attention to is generally this information is recorded in the country's native currency. So this is not in U.S. dollars. So depending on your country, you may want to look at that and make sure you understand what currency that they are using and looking at that information. So lots of good information that you can find in Europa World Plus. Those are just a few of the highlights there, but you can definitely find a lot more information in there for your OP country analysis project. The next resource we'll look at is Global Edge. And this is really a nice resource and a lot of people think this is their favorite resource for doing a project such as what the OP students are doing and basically collecting statistics and facts about their country in order to better determine how to do business in that country. So the way this works, if you scroll down and change this to Buy Country and then go over and choose your country right here in the center of the page, and once again we will use India for our example. Once you've selected your country, you can then click Go. And this will take us to the India homepage in Global Edge. And what this will allow you to do is you can see it gives you an introduction to the country. And we have click links to some of the main information on the website here. And so a lot of these things will link you to some other really good resources. For example, this Country Commercial Guide, if we click there, will take us to another page where we can click on this Country Commercial Guide India. And this page actually would come out of the US Commercial Service. So this is going to tell us how to do business in India. And it's a PDF, so I will run the PDF here. And so here we have a guide on doing business in India. Now there may not be a link for every single country you're doing like this, but if there is, be sure to click on it because you may find good information that talks about how to do business in India, the investment climate, things like that. So some really good resources that you can see for your country. And these are generally, this one's 105 pages, obviously pretty long, but it's linked here so you can actually click on the link and it'll get you to the section quicker that you're really looking for. Back to our India homepage here in Global Edge. You'll notice there's lots of statistics here. So here we have statistics on India. For example, budget, here's GDP, GDP growth rate, things like that. Information about imports and exports. You'll see there is some trade statistics here, which would give you information for some of the principal trading partners. Similar to the information we found in Europa, the previous database we were looking at. You'll see there's information on the economy. So you can really spend a lot of time in here getting good information about your country. There is information on risk, so this gives you the risk assessment, how risky is it to do business in that country, in this case India. You'll see there's also a nice culture section.  Should you wear a suit and tie? Should you wear a t-shirt and blue jeans? What sort of things are available? In this case, jeans with a t-shirt or a short sleeve shirt are acceptable as casual wear. So if we were just going to go meet a business person at a bar for a beer maybe or go to a ball game or something, we could probably wear a t-shirt and blue jeans.  Things like that, including things like what color to wrap the present in. For example, here in America it's okay to wrap wedding presents and things like that with white paper. We probably wouldn't want to do that in India because it's not a good color to wrap your paper or wrap your present with. So this gives you a quick overview of what you can find in Global Edge. Lots of good information in here. Lots of statistics, information about the economy, things like that. So it's a really good resource that will work nicely with what you can use with Europa as well. The next resource we'll look at is a database called Country Watch. And this one works basically the same way as the other two in that you'll look for a bar just like this and then select your country and the list of countries there. And once again we're using India as our example. So we will choose India here in our list. Once you do that, it takes you to again the country's homepage where you'll find information about a map. You'll find a flag, you'll find some recent news of your country. You'll find key data which gives you population and things like that. And then some fast facts. So some good information that you can find right here on the homepage of Country Watch for your country. On the left-hand side is how you navigate the information in here. So things that I would look for in here that are unique to Country Watch. Now you can spend a lot of time looking for information in here. And if this is your favorite resource to use, that's okay to use this one a lot. But you'll probably find some of the information is going to be the same information that you found in Global Edge or in Europa. Some things that are unique to this database you'll find down here if we look at things like investment climate. This is a good section within here. So this gives you information about how open a country is to investment from companies from foreign countries. So a good information that you can find there when trying to understand how easy it is to do business in your particular country. If we scroll down, there will be other information that looks at things like understanding the people. So this gives information about the different cultures that live in India. On the left-hand side again, there is a cultural etiquette section. And this gives you what they refer to as cultural do's and taboos. What to do in India and what not to do in India when you talk to people, when you meet them, when you shake hands, when you meet them for business, things like that. So for example, let's see, here's an example. One should avoid standing with one's hands on one's hips as this stance may well be interpreted as an angry, aggressive posture. So if you are someone who has a habit of standing with your hands on your hips, you probably want to avoid that in order to avoid making people from India feel uncomfortable. So you don't want to do that, nor do you want to point with your finger because that's also a bad thing. So nor should you wink at someone with your eyes. So that would be also another bad thing that you want to avoid as well. Okay, so there's lots of good information that you can have in here. There's information on the status of women, which is kind of nice and this gives you information on how women are treated in a particular country. Which if you're going to send women, business women to a country, you want to understand how well they may be received in that country. So lots of good information that you can find in here in CountryWatch. You'll also notice I've kind of skipped over some of these sections up here, but you could go in and look at political conditions, things like that. Or you can look at economic conditions as well, which will give you information as far as how the political environment is in India, or information about how the economy is doing. So lots of good information that you can find here in CountryWatch. The next resource that we're looking at here is Country Insights. And what this will give you is lots of good factual information about countries, but also good cultural information about particular countries. So once again it works the same as the other places do. We'll just select a country here and we'll go down and choose India once again as our example. And once we get here, we have all these facts here. For example, geography, politics, things like that. We can actually find that information in the other resources that we've been looking at. So I'm not really going here to Country Insights for those kind of information. What I want to look for is this cultural information. So this is more unique to this resource. So this is information that this resource has that other resources do not have. So for example, if you want to know things like how to resolve conflicts in the workplace. So for example, if you get into an argument with a colleague in India, one of your business partners or things like that, how do you resolve that? So this will tell you how to resolve conflicts in the workplace. Because conflicts happen, you do occasionally get into arguments over things at work, and so this is how you deal with that. So this gives you information about that. Likewise, information on preferred managerial qualities. What do people from India prefer their managers to have? How do they look upon managers with lots of education, or do they need lots of experience, things like that? So good information that you can find there as well. The next resource we'll look at is Passport. And this one can be a little bit difficult to use at times. So for this database, I'm only going to go to really one section in the database here. What we're going to do is go under countries and consumers, and then click on economy, finance, and trade. So we'll click right there, and that's going to take us to this economy, finance, and trade page here. So what we're going to do first is we're going to under the all analysis, we're going to select country briefing.  So we'll click on the all geographies, and here they organize things by the region of the world, so you have to know where your country is. So you can kind of click the little plus sign here and drop down, and we happen to see that India is in the Asia-Pacific region. So we click on that, and once we have these two selected, you'll notice that the bar is now blue, which means we can click on it. We can't click on the gray bar, we can only click on the blue bar. So once you have two things selected here, you do that and you click go. Now this gives you a report that talks about, and I'm just going to click on the whole report here so we can see the whole thing in my screen. This gives us a report on how risky or vulnerable it is to do business in India. So here we have things that address the major components of the economy, talking a lot about their information and how their GDP and things like that.  What's the information about unemployment? Lots of information that you can find in here. So what's the political stability like? How does the country deal with the external sector? Things like that. So good information that you can find in there for your country. I'm going to go back one page and go back to our original economy, finance and trade. And once again, if you forgot how to get here, I'm just going to go back to the homepage and repeat this process so we're all familiar with that. If you go under countries and consumers, economy, finance and trade, and for the previous report we did country briefing, for this one I'm going to do country profile. This will give us a different report. We're going to repeat the same process. We're going to go under geography, Asia Pacific, and there's India. And then click go. And this gives us lots of statistics and things like that. If we click the show whole report, here is our India country profile with key points, with facts, information about the government, political stability, international issues, lots and lots of information that you can use here, economic prospects, the business environment. So we have lots of information in here for understanding how to do business with the country.  So all kinds of statistics. So a great resource, almost a one-stop shop for understanding how to do business with your country, how to do, how to understand its economy, things like that. The final database we'll be looking at for the OP country assignment is business source complete. And I'm showing you this one last because I think it's important to use this one last. Not because it is not important, but because you have these three blank search boxes here. And if you start with this one first and you don't know anything about your country, then you may have a hard time filling in what's to go in this search box. As an example, if we just go and search for India and do a search in here, this is going to get us a whole lot of articles, 151,000 articles, okay, which is way too many. So what we want to try to do is actually look for other topics we might put in these other boxes to get that number down to a more manageable number. So this is where you would go in and say, well you know what? In that passport database they talked about corruption. And I want to know more articles about corruption or more articles about corruption in business or things like that in India. So what we can do is just search for corruption. In this case it finds the term forest there and then click search. And so now we get down to 793 articles. Okay, now a lot of these may be, you know, here's one from the Journal of Management and Public Policy. That's okay, but let's just say you just want a newspaper article or you want a magazine article. So what I would recommend doing is just limit over here in the left-hand side to newspapers. And I'm going to choose trade publications too. That's a good resource to look at and magazines. And then we'll click update. Okay, so now we find good information here. You can see our date range is to 1984. Let's change that to like 2009, the last four years or so. And if we want to, we can also limit to full text and do update. So now we're down to 172 articles that deal with India and corruption. Okay, so this particular article here, you can see where it pulls out corruption. If you click on the title here, it will give us information about the author, which source it's coming from. And you'll have an abstract, which is basically a quick summary of the article in most cases. And in this case, we have the article down below. Or if you like, in many cases, you'll see there's a PDF link here, which would also... I'm going to click this link here, which will also find the actual article in PDF format. So the picture of the article, how it would have appeared in the regular print magazine. So as you can see, this actually gives you some of the pictures from the magazine and how the actual article appeared in the magazine. The nice thing about this, if you like this article, you can go over here and email it to yourself. And it will send it to you as an email attachment, things like that. So great information that you can find here in Business Source Complete. So what we found was we found newspapers, magazines, and trade publications all about corruption in India from 2009 to the current date, 2013. And we only told it to find full text articles, and that found the articles that way. Okay, so that's a great way to look for information on your companies, on your countries. And here's one for business environment, top risk as an example. And this one here is not available in PDF full text down here, but if you go over here, or HTML full text down here, but if you want you can click on the PDF full text there and once again get the article from the PDF full text that way. So here's the actual article from that particular citation. Hope for this helps you understand some of the resources available to you in researching doing business in another country. Should you need more help, look for the contact link on the business blog. I'll be glad to help you any way I can. Take care and best of luck with your research.