If Jesus is God, then why is he praying to God? Well, I understand the need to ask that question, but there's actually a better question to ask. Christianity, according to the Bible, teaches that Jesus is God. Now, the question that has puzzled some people, though, is that if he is God, then why would he pray to God? Why is he praying to the Father? Is Jesus praying to himself? Well, I think we need to look at this in a different way. When we talk about prayer, we're simply talking about some sort of communication speaking back and forth. And so, when we pray, we pray to God. Well, that makes sense, but is Jesus, if he's God, who is he praying with? Well, remember, he's communicating with God. That makes sense because the question should be asked not why does he pray to God, but why would he not pray to God? It makes absolute sense. Remember, going back to Genesis, Genesis 1, the Bible says, let us make man in our image according to our likeness. Now, a couple of things that need to be noted here. Obviously, the plurality of the words that are used here, the us and the our, there is this Trinitarian idea that's embedded in the words, us and our. And so, obviously, there's more than one. That's a plurality because that's the way that Hebrew words go. There's either singular, the dual, or the plural, which means three or more. From our understanding, according to the scriptures, there are three persons that make up the Trinity, all being God. God, obviously, the Father is God, Jesus, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God. Now, the point that needs to be noticed here is that we says not just us and our, but notice what he says in according to our likeness, that they are one. They're in complete agreement, complete harmony. So the question would be, why would they not? Remember, if they are together, if they are united, then it would be strange if there were no communications. And we don't just see that in Genesis 1. We see it in Genesis 3.22. The Lord God said, behold, the man has become like us. Well, who said that man has become like us, the Lord God? And that point needs to be understood. That's that Hebrew word Yahweh. And the same is also shown in Genesis 11.70. Come, let us go down and there confuse their languages so that they will not understand one other's speech. So the Lord scattered them abroad. Well, who scattered them abroad? The Lord. But he just said, come, let us go down. And so we see the Lord is spoken of in this plurality, us. We also need to remember that it's not just that Jesus is talking to God, the Father. We see God, the Father talking to Jesus. And both are recognizing the two as God. Remember in Hebrews 1.8, it's God who says, calls the Son God.  And a septer of righteousness is the septer of his kingdom. So God speaks to the Son and calls him God. Just like the Son speaks to the Father, the Father speaks to the Son. It makes perfectly good sense. Remember that the desire for the Father, the desire for the Son, the desire of God is that we as human beings on this planet be united, be together, be as one. Just as the Father and the Son are one. The Bible tells us in Philippians 2.8 that Jesus being found in the parents as a man, he humbled himself. It was Jesus who humbled himself. He did to himself becoming obedient to the point of death, even the death on a cross. Now notice he said that he emptied himself. It was Jesus that emptied himself. If we go back up to verse 6 and 7, who existed in the form of God, because he is God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped. But he, Jesus, emptied himself, taking on the form of a bond servant, taking on the form of a man. So it was God who did that to himself. So it was Jesus who did that to himself. And notice he says he did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped. Anything wrong with that? Well, we see in other passages where Jesus also equates himself with God. Now the Jews understand what's happening, so they get upset with that. So if we go to John 5.17, notice he says, but he answered them and said that my father is working until now and I myself am working. And notice what the Jews respond to. He says, for this reason, the Jews were seeking all the more to kill him because he was not only breaking the Sabbath, but also was calling God his own father, making himself equal with God. And so Jesus equates himself with God the Father. God the Father equates himself with the Son. Why? God the Father is God. God the Son, Jesus is God. Jesus who is the Lord. And you must confess that he is the Lord in order to be saved. But notice what he says in Isaiah 4.2.8. He says, I am the Lord. This is God speaking. I am the Lord. That is my name. He says, I will not give my or share my glory with another person or another one. Well, that can be a problem because Jesus turns and says in John 17.5. He says, now Father, glorify me together with yourself with the glory which I had with you before the world was. Well, how could that be? And getting back to the question, who was he praying to? Is he praying to God? Yes, he is God and he's praying to God. Remember, the fullness of God could not be before us. Or we could not be before the fullness of God, before his full glory. And so he comes in a veiled form. Remember, he says he emptied himself of something. Well, to some extent it had to be to some degree his glory. To what extent? We don't know for sure. But could he come in his full glory? Well, he could. We just wouldn't survive. And so Jesus is praying to get back or saying, give me back the glory that I have with you in the beginning. Remember, he doesn't share his glory with anyone. So the only person that could claim or have a design on his glory is God himself who is Jesus who is also God in flesh or God with us. And so Jesus praying, Father, give me back the glory that I had with you in the beginning. The very same glory that no one else can have, that you would share with no one else. Give me back that glory. But also notice what he says. He says, I have manifested your name to the man whom you gave me. Speaking of the disciples. And I want to drop down to the rest of this prayer to see what he says going down to verse 11. He says, I am no longer in the world. And yet they themselves are in the world and I come to you. Holy Father, keep them in your name. The name which you have given me. The name which you have given me. Remember, he says that I am the Lord. That is my name. The name that you have given me that they may be one even as we are. And what was the prayer in the very beginning? In making man according to our image and according to our likeness to be just like them. So it's clear that Jesus is God. But even more so that they have never had a break in their communication. They have always had this open line of communication. So it would seem strange. It would seem odd. As a matter of fact, it would be a bigger question as to would Jesus ever want to not speak to God? Would God ever not want to speak to Jesus? They are always in communication. That makes sense that they do communicate. That God communicates to the Son. The Son communicates to God the Father. And so the question shouldn't be if Jesus is God, then why is he praying to God? The question should be that since Jesus is God, why would he not pray to him?


we've been doing this road before back in November when spineless spineless individuals invaded the graveyard to steal the memorial stone and a poppy wreath a week after the memorial service to honor John on the 50th anniversary of his murder by terrorists and I state terrorists if this is their way of showing how they behave God look to Ireland they cut through the inscription on the stone add at their own propaganda and if they think with me being on the radio today we'll add to their propaganda it falls far short from my point of view because you're nothing but spineless individuals vandals that would low yourselves to carry out such an act we have the stone and it's on its way to the firm that supplied the memorial stone and it will be refurbished and returned to its former glory and we'll hold our heads high when I spoke to you in November Terry obviously you were uh you know you're upset and angry uh with this plaque being removed um thought I don't know I would have I thought it would have been stolen chucked somewhere something terribly disrespectful but for it to be returned with with this new inscription I can only begin to imagine uh what your emotions are and you've I think you've actually really articulated them uh in the first couple of minutes of of this conversation but even you couldn't have imagined could you that this could turn up again and be defaced with this inscription as it has been well I think it's the way of trying to rub salt in the wound and as a Catholic priest approached me yesterday to condemn it every right thinking person every right thinking person would actually condemn it as well if they have to go to these extremes and I won't broadcast the propaganda they had on the back of the stone after they cut through the inscriptions on the face of the stone uh if this is their way of getting propaganda it falls far short of my idea of propaganda again if I could quote a famous Lord Kitchener and refer to these guys as spineless individuals I quote Lord Kitchener your country needs you on quote yes every community should have individuals spineless individuals like this and I can assure you Greg that when the stone is returned to its former glory the evil hands of these spineless individuals will never again blemish or stain the memorial stone that is for sure and we have a few culprits in our minds no names mentioned and I would like to pay tribute to John and all his fallen colleagues and as well members of the PSMI who have all paid the ultimate sacrifice I recite a well-known verse in their honor they shall not grow old as we who are left grow old age shall not weary them nor the years condemn at the going down of the sun and in the morning we will remember them we will remember them and John will always be honored and remembered for as long as there are already in existence they will never get the better of us the chant one when you carry out action like this as I said before any right-thinking person would totally condemn it nothing but spineless individuals and I'm sure they'll not try to van blaze the stone after this how can you be so assured of that John no Terry I beg your pardon no you're okay no problem Greg no problem I won't I won't go any further in that point Greg no problem understood okay right Terry listen I'm sure you don't mind me accidentally calling you by your brother's name you held him in such a and hold them in some time okay Terry no you don't have to follow no I understand you don't have to apologize I'm sorry I apologize all right Terry no just to get no you did you did when they came across loud and clear and just to remind listeners by the way that Detective Constable John Doherty was just 31 years of age when he was shot dead by the IRA on October 28th of 1973 he was videoing visiting his widowed mum in Ballon Drate five minutes from the border as anyone in the area would know he was gone down at the entrance to his mother's home um his girlfriend was also seriously injured in the attack but nobody's nobody was ever convicted of the murder thankfully his girlfriend did survive but that plaque uh was defaced um on ceremony well I don't know what the right phrase heologies I don't want to misspeak in that regard but anyway obviously a great deal of upset to the Doherty family but you heard the words of Terry Doherty there and very strong in what he had to say okay we will be back uh with a look at the developments in politics in Northern Ireland that's after these the county's number one talk show The Nine Till Noon Show on Highland Radio The Nine Till Noon Show with O'Hara's of Foxford it takes 18 hours to perfect our new 18 hour fermented sourdough bread one bite and you'll agree true taste takes time Celebrate Pancake Tuesday with Dunn Stores Whip up a batch with fresh eggs six for one euro forty or choose an eight pack of our ready made pancakes for just one euro fifteen then add your favorite toppings like a sprinkle of sugar 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at McGee's.ie and remember for any skincare advice you can always talk to Gemma or myself here at McGee's Chemist on Main Street Letter Kenny we're the best cost less the euro millions jackpot is an estimated 145 million euro play a response again in store in app or at Lottery.ie the national lottery it could be you Highland Radio time checks with Expressway travel route 32 from Letter Kenny to Dublin when you book online and travel for less Expressway bringing you the time the time is 22 minutes past 11 now the DUP has agreed a deal to restore power sharing in Northern Ireland after a two-year impasse the party executive we're told back to deal overnight that we don't know by what number following an agreement with the UK government on post Brexit trading Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald says they'll now engage with the parties and both governments to ensure they all press on without delay party leader Jeffrey Donaldson said the arrangement should see the assembly restored by the February deadline Anton McCabe is of course incredibly well-known journalist much of his time covering situation in Northern Ireland and he joins us on the program now good morning Anton good morning Greg thank you so much for joining us right so last night was bizarre in that there was a great deal of secrecy as to where this meeting would even take place and then we had an I suppose a person with a different point of view to Mr Donaldson live tweeting from it which created quite a bit of a stir within the building itself because everyone was looking at each other to say well who's who's telling Jamie this information before we get on to sort of the knots and bolts of what was agreed it was really quite a bizarre evening oh it was yes and I mean you know there is clearly a non-to-agreement faction within the DUP it is uncertain how big they are but they are certainly significant and vocal however the logic of the situation has pushed Donaldson into an agreement first of all there is no alternative in that the DUP knows that direct rule is not in the interests of unionism direct rule means that the British government can basically do as it wishes very importantly and very immediately an end to the executive and assembly means an end to salaries for the you know for DUP for DUP assembly and executive members and obviously they are sensible enough to know that the current situation could not could not go on indefinitely they even also know that by biding their time like Sinn Fein is only three seats ahead of them in the assembly they know that basically one or two bits of bad luck for Sinn Fein a couple of good that's a good luck for the DUP and they could overtake them in terms of numbers in the in the in the next assembly the the the numbers aren't out of sight also as well that Donaldson knew that he wasn't going to get the protocol or the Windsor House framework overturned those are international agreements between the British government and the European Union the British government particularly a Boris Johnson British government sometimes may have made noises of sympathy for unionism but will not break an agreement because we should remember that both Boris Johnson was the man who told the unionists but the the DUP rather that there was no way there would be an IBC border and he was the man who signed up to it but just in relation to that Anton and I don't want to interrupt your flow I think that's what this is all going to come down to but it seems to be that Jeffrey Donaldson is saying that there will be zero checks zero customs zero paperwork for goods moving from Britain to Northern Ireland and if he can prove that all well and good but his opponents seem to be convinced that there's going to be a watering down of that and there will be some checks so that means that he will not have delivered the removal of this seaboard or as it's been commonly referred to now and that could be a big problem for Jeffrey Donaldson could it be as simple as that that it comes down to him stating that there will be zero checks zero customs paperwork and maybe there being some but I mean even pre the protocol there were checks on certain goods between the north and Britain you know particularly livestock were checked but I think really that given the complexity of these matters I think yes that he can probably get away with it it seems as if the talk is that there there would be two two liens or there would be one laying goods from Britain coming in to Northern Ireland and another laying for goods which were for transit to the to the EU that is to the to the to the south I think that yes Donaldson can get away with it and there is particularly the case if we remember that the week before last we were talking about the strikes here in the north yeah there are major problems the health service is facing a crisis there are most public sector workers haven't received pay raises in a couple of years they really have been used to blackmail the dup all of that means that an abstention is not a long is not a long-term tactic but Anton the thing but the thing about it is is though there this is being framed by you know opposers of Jeffrey Donaldson as the surrender deal that they have surrendered on the red lines the principles you know now as you say quite rightly you can't you can't abstain forever but that's the sticky wicked Mr Donaldson found himself in isn't it because on one side he was damned if he did and on the other now he's damned if he doesn't if you know what to mean so do you think this surrender deal terminology will catch on and threaten his leadership and maybe even the long-term establishment of the executive I think that the surrender slogan will catch on with a section all the probably but mainly a section who are already alienated from the dup I you know if we look at the the the last assembly on the local elections the movie traditional unionist voice did pull well however it did not pull near well enough to pose any threat to the to the dup the dup have taken the decision that they can really they can challenge these people that's their belief that to say they're a blood a busted flush is wrong however to say that they are a minority and really where the you know for the dup their main vote losses are particularly towards alliance where you would have a section of Protestants and maybe particularly middle-class Protestants would be seeing they would see this you know as the best as the best deal they can get I mean it's quite simple it's as in many negotiating situations certainly you go for things but equally you understand that you go for the best deal you can get but Anton just finally you know an awful lot of conversation and talk about this deal for some it's going to be a really effectively a smoke screen for them not really being able to tolerate an executive that is led by Sinn Féin is that a bitter pill that will have to be swallowed and will be swallowed going forward oh yes it is because it was there certainly was a section motivated by that but there are many intelligent people in the dup and they realize that by being seen to thwart a Sinn Féin First Minister by a maneuver it's now to increase Sinn Féin support among the nationalist community to moralize people within unionism whereas in many ways they feel that they can wait they can prepare for the next election and possibly rest the First Minister's position back from Sinn Féin I get you Anton listen thank you so much for your analysis we really do appreciate it that's journalist Anton McCabe there and if you have your views 08 660 25 000 from uh the north 003538 660 25 000 The 9 till noon show with O'Hara's of Fonsford we take 18 hours to craft our new 18 hour fermented sourdough bread now is the perfect time to enjoy a slice the menopause is a very inclusive condition you don't have to get it to suffer from it Angledee's hilarious show how to get the menopause and enjoy it comes to on green on 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where you can enjoy dinner and drinks in a woodbury grill bar and restaurant before bowling and arena seven state of the art liens see arena seven dot ie caller says depopulation of people living in the countryside doesn't apply here in ireland in the countryside here there will be hundreds of cars up and down the road every day in england you only see four cars in the countryside of farmers not quite sure about that okay the big thing to watch on nct is if you buy your car with no nct and it's expired in three months and you go to get it sorted for the test you only have whatever is left on the car unless they test it on the anniversary you might not realize until you're at a checkpoint you need to watch the anniversary of the car and that was the point i'm saying about it being backdated if i'm understanding you correctly a caller says if you if you go to do your nct online you'll wait six months if you ring up you'll get seen quicker it'll only be a few weeks well if you call just after midnight and literally just after midnight you can get an appointment sometimes the next day the day after that or the next day but you have to be straight in after midnight that's the key because that's when they reset the systems during the day definitely you might get one in two or three weeks but i assure you uh because i've seen it with my own eye that you can you can get within days if you just go straight after midnight when their system is reset there let me know if that works for you right okay um i've been through this uh recently and about to go through it again uh the issue in getting a driving test you know it's so bloody expensive to get on the road now you have to do the theory test which costs money sometimes you have to do a couple of times and you have to send away for your license that's more money then you have to do your 10 or 12 mandatory tests that costs money you can't apply for your driving test until you're six months with your learner permit i understand why all these rules are in there whether you agree i agree with them or not so then you wait your six months so you've you've done your theory got your license you wait another six months you've done your 10 12 tests and then you apply you're invited then to apply for your test and uh you could be waiting another six eight months um and if there's a delay with weather or whatever how long god knows how long it might take so it takes an awful long time to get on the road and an awful lot of uh money uh councillor mehill collin mcgallen asberg has been commenting on this and joins us on the program now good morning me hall magic why magic magic and magic magic hope it all well yeah i mean you you were at the ground in west donnagole particularly in fact most of donnagole you need a car so i don't think it's a west nor south or east situation um and what are you what are you hearing from uh young people in relation to this issue yeah this is uh and i should that a lot of people come to me and have been over a period of time and what it seems to be is that people are waiting months upon months upon months to get their driving test done and as you says correctly that we live in a very rural area that whole western corridor and most of the country is quite rural we depend heavily on our car due to the fact of i suppose the failure of any real public transport being put available uh through the field of wealth and the gale government but the problem here is is that a lot of young people are missing massive massive opportunities missing opportunities in terms of college missing opportunities in terms of employment and i've seen people who have been waiting such a long time and decided you know what it's too long to wait i'm going to head to australia i'm going to head somewhere i can get up the mines i don't need the driving license or the head somewhere else and we're losing people in the country and people who have been offered jobs good jobs to get them to stay at home i see young ones who really don't want to leave but they do want to stay at home uh but they have no other choice i've seen people who have had college but they have no transport to get to college they might not have been able to afford the accommodation say let's say somewhere without naming anywhere but so they need the car if they're going out to lech cannon they need the car because they might be able to afford or even find accommodation so there's a mess there so what i've been trying to do is uh and i'm grateful to thomas for for before you get into that question can i add something to that as well because i i agree and i don't think many people can disagree with you that people leave simply because they can't wait to get a driving test but i think it's also a feeling in a sense that they get you know uh where am i going to live you know what i can't get into a car and ever do the insurances through the roof so for some people it's actually a feeling that well this country isn't for me which is i think adding to a lot of and maybe sometimes we add to it by you know talking things down but it's what we have to do so i i think too there's a lot of ones leaving because there is this feeling and it is a reality as well for many of course that this is not a country for them and that's what really kind of breaks breaks my heart that they go well i've i've got an old prospect for a house i can't even get a car on the road what's there here for me and i think that's a really bad advertisement for our country should be so much different well i look i suppose we have to be all very honest and open how about this is that we know we're not doing too much politic in but we have to call it out for what it is the failure the failure of feeling found from the guilt to actually properly invest into our communities to provide the services to provide the other jobs job opportunities and also the wages and i was talking to a man all the day he was telling me we're down in crutch island and a man who's worked really hard all his life where the family and children can never ever live here because they can never ever afford to build here that's just the reality it wasn't a case that they couldn't get the land the land is there but just couldn't afford it and the way that we've structured our communities and societies now is absolutely chasing our youth and middle-aged people it's not just young ones middle-aged people to different countries to foreign countries but come back to the driving test it's actually a big issue and i was really listening carefully to what you were saying there in your intro in terms of all the driving lessons and tests that are driving lessons that you have to do prior to get them because you know mean you'll be similar age and when we were younger of that age you know you got a number of driving lessons and off you went and hopefully passed your test but what's happened now is that it's mandatory to have a certain amount and i think and i think myself and yourself spoke about this years and years ago why can we not do this through the school system why can we not do it through the school system where once you leave your school or you come to a certain age you've already done all your lessons through the classes and it's a partner curriculum and then it saves time and money a lot of families and i can only speak for western ego because that's the area i represent a lot of families just cannot afford all the lessons and tests it's just not there the money ain't there people are struggling to pay rent people are struggling to pay mortgages and and and they're really really finding it hard to actually give money to to the young ones to get them lessons so the whole system is not working like if you consider you consider if you're on minimum wage which many people are particularly in the west of the county if you're a minimum wage one driving lesson it's not it's a big chunk of it's a big chunk of your weekly wage and you have to do that 10 or 12 times and that's whilst you're looking around to get a car and that's also whilst you're looking around maybe to get a credit union loan and loop lump the insurance and car in you know the first year that's what a lot of people do you know you get the borough for the car and the insurance at the same time but if you're spending a load of money on lessons we understand the safety element of it but there has to be a better way or even some sort of positive discrimination whereby there is some sort of a a fund or a voucher system where the government gives someone you know 400 euro voucher towards driving lessons and it can be only used that way there's loads of ways this could be we could help the people but just to we'll get to the the the issues raised on your behalf by deputy Thomas Pringle and the commitment coming back then from from the minister well well I'm waiting for the response now on our PQ to come through on this one because the last one that there was some other drivers reading it I think I might have sent it on to Caroline I'm not very clear or sure but at the government then from the Galefield of our government then talked about putting more resources into the into the test and and reducing the time but but for me unless they've done it in other areas I don't know but surely they haven't done it for for Denny Gull where they have reduced the times and and if any of the government TDs or minister wants to come on and contradict me and and put me right that's listen absolutely take that on the chin but the reality for me or more so or for the young ones that that come to me regularly are that they're left for months and months and then I was talking a lot yesterday who's nearly a year waiting for his driving test well listen that's a young lad that wants to stay at home yeah for sure and we should be facilitating him staying at home now listeners out there there is bound to be one of yous out there or your young ones have have they've been invited for a booking a test let us know how far in advance the test actually is and that date can move like you know if there's a drop of frost that all the blinking tests can be moved the dates can be moved correct and also do the thing is that that if you fail your driving test then you're then back into a whole process of waiting again so it's a long long process and I do think that it be worth exploring exploring the possibilities of making it a part of curriculum within our secondary schools and why wouldn't we do it look difficult things take about a time and possible things just take that bit long and a longer as somebody once says and it's all down to the world that's where it's at and if you look at the insurance and that's far more practical than increased speed penalty points at weekends and you know what i mean like that i i think that's that's sort of very reactionary obviously the logical thing to do and we've seen how these we've seen how these roadshows that they put on affect children and and younger people sorry and there of course the logical thing to do is tool people up with the proper education on road safety and driving in secondary schools it makes absolute sense stay where you are me hold because shamers has a suggestion which i mean i'm not sure in this day and age it will ever get over the line shamers but what do you think well any young person that has applied for the driving license great they should be fit to drive on accompanied until the driving test comes to and if they fail the driving test then they go back to not being allowed to drive on a component because the way it is now it's just a money racket it is but one thing is not to contradict you if you if you do it that way right we already see this with the learner permits you would just book a you would have failed your test book a new test and back out driving on your own again would that not lead to maybe people go ahead but but how did we learn to drive well i know how i learned to drive i used to drive back from us with my father and i won't reveal the age i was listening to me whole talking about a few lessons and the way you know i'm not saying that when i was young when i was young you were fit to drive on your provisional yeah for sure definitely like do you know what i mean like it's just all gone now to about money how much money can we get off the people shamers the young people are paying over the nose for insurance because they're on a limb learner permits and through no fault of their own they are being overloaded because they can't get a driving test if you're under 20 i think it's either under 20 or 21 or it could be 19 there's a 50 percent young driver premium literally just 50 put on your insurance because you're at that age it's not based on on your experience or your ability it's just a levy a 50% levy on young drivers that's from the insurance companies that's the disgrace as well shamers i have to leave it there unfortunately we'll come back to this shamers and please text in the next time so i'd like a longer chat with you because i hate cutting people off but we're right up against the clock cancel let me hold column if you get an answer back to that pq maybe you might come back on and we can tease this out a little more when there's more time because it's affecting hundreds of people out there and it is a factor in the depopulation particularly i think of rural ireland absolutely and i will come back on just in two points very very quickly the government does have the ability to step in when it talks when you're talking about insurance and that 50% levy is a huge discrimination and it's all about profit and they can and they should step in and make it affordable making rich people richer it's very much what's on the phone from the gail or certainly about but come back to the thing and i think it should be discussed the next opportunity to get maybe what the minister uh when he's on is to discuss the maybe the possibility of looking at the schools and having the tests or the lessons there you have simulators that we see there's a friend of mine who is in Dublin airport to a simulator there there are loads and loads of ways that we can actually do this and be very very practical and cost uh cost savings for families that are absolutely on the bread line already and it's not absolutely fair because our community deserves better and the the transition is here i think a lot of it's funny enough i think maybe in rural island not as many take the transition year as others do because they need to get out and start working funny enough but anyway there are opportunities in schools to educate on this if it is as important as everyone says it is and we know it is well then that's precise to how you do it through education at an early age cancel me whole column ago last but thank you very much shameless thank you the nine till noon show with ohara's of foxford our new baker 51 authentic sourdough celebrate 72 years of baking now is the perfect time to try it for yourself hamilton is coming to the board gosh energy theater on monday 21st of october 2024 this hugely popular musical is almost sold out but here at highland radio we've got you covered we include luxury transfers overnight stay at the four star city north hotel dublin your ticket to the show and a shopping trip to Dublin the next day to book simply call us on zero seven four nine one twenty five thousand or visit the outlet at highland radio dot com go fully with these exclusive legal plus supersavers like board be approved irish angus lean beef steak mince was five ninety nine now four seventy nine pick organic fine tomatoes 48% off now 129 and there's 30% off frozen breaded fish cakes now 181 scan your little plus up and go for little today the 100% electric new nissan area is now on irish roads which means you'll discover the game-changing silhouette that sets it apart as well as its luxurious interior inspired through japanese design then you'll discover the smooth acceleration quiet operation and advanced technology that makes every driver pleasure the new nissan area for 43 500 euro test drive it today and discover outstanding nissan innovation that excites dealer delivery and related charges apply on the wings of a snow hot country tv sky 588 in association with highland radio presenting concert a tribute to country music legend charlie bride by his brother steven and six-piece band with guests at the mandirical hotel letter kenny wednesday 27th of march 2024 here over 40 of charlie brides hits this is a concert not to be missed tickets 25 euro available from hotel reception now weather updates brought to you by grant building a new home choose grants a triple-plus rated air owner air to water heat pump and uflex underfloor heating visit grant dot ie mostly dry and sunny this afternoon and just the chance of an isolated shower a chilly day with temperatures of seven to nine degrees in light breezes were joined on the program now by noel cunningham author of guide to modern irish manners and donicle ambassador good morning to you mr cunningham hello noel in young said can you hear me i can hear you now noel go ahead we haven't spoken in such a long time we're long overdue with chat how are you all and all your good listeners we are doing fantastic and we're all very excited to see you appear on rt1 tonight that's why i wanted to speak to you it's at seven p.m it's a show called high road low road you teaming up with mary kennedy and you're off to valence you talked to me about the show well the show is quite a funny little unique way of doing a travel show you pitch up at the airport at five o'clock in the morning you have two suitcases you don't know where you're going when you arrive you don't know if you've been the lucky one to get the luxury or the unfortunate one and get the budget accommodation and it's enormous fun and it was enormous fun and mary kennedy is just glorious company and honestly valencia is the most beautiful city fashionable so great crack great fun and i was truthfully out of my comfort zone because i'm usually in control of everything i can't believe you managed to to travel away on one suitcase no that's the biggest shock of to me look to be honest there are penalties that should be enforced for those who for those who impose a certain type of holiday on a refined irish man done a call person of the year who happens to be gay and who happens to live in harvey's point honestly it's a crime against hospitality to take me out of that zone and impose a completely different regime and that's all i'm saying but the show is all the better because of it yes indeed and and what a perfect guest for this uh program are you allowed to divulge if you're um wind and dined in first class or if you're on the budget side of things or is that part of the reveal null i couldn't possibly say unless i had my lawyer present suffice to say everything up until we touched out and valencia was fabulous okay that i think you know what if i'm reading you correctly that's more fun because i want to say you suffer mr conningham well you may be in for precisely the treat you've waited so long for very good good practice yeah indeed it's nice to hopefully have to rough it like the rest of us minions uh but anyway um you're in good company anyway that's uh first class that's one thing you're guaranteed uh you and mary i'm sure you make a an adorable team mary kennedy's one of the great irish broadcaster she's quite legendary she's done them all state funerals uh state weddings uh the big events in history in ireland in the last 56 year is just an incredible lady and such delightful company and as we say in dunnig all no errors and graces about her what a delightful lady i haven't said and your lines about to break up i think but i haven't seen this program but it might not be all it seems and that you know sometimes maybe you could have a better holiday you know with the street food and what have you then you might uh you know in the five stars you know there's nothing guaranteed the luxury doesn't necessarily make the holiday or the experience i'm most important lesson to learn that travel is the most wonderful thing imaginable and you are so right that does not mean that you have to be cost-added in a five-star hotel now i'm beginning to get emotional because i would have accepted such a situation had it been offered but i got over it and my therapy is going well uh and valencia was a lovely experience so please tune in tonight and enjoy the crack i can't believe you're being a little bit dramatic i didn't think that was one of your character traits no who me yes drama oh for heaven's sake i look forward to it i thrive on this i know i know look it's a high road low road it's an rte one tonight at 7 p.m. and it'll be available afterwards on the player featuring our own knoll cunning him uh he and mary kennedy off to valencia but what kind of holiday will they have tune in and find out no lovely to chat you see you soon god that's my proper cat one of these days on there bye bye bye bye take care yourself that's uh knoll cunning him there uh thank you denise ropa for bringing back such wonderful memories may in france's were so kind coming in from patricia indeed and on it goes thank you so much for all of your calls comments and even just listening that's uh that's good enough for us we really do appreciate it but that's where


Welcome. I welcome you all to this lecture in the course, Samasa in Paninian Grammar. And this is the first course. We begin the lecture with the recitation of the Mangala Charana. We have been studying the rules of compounding in Paninian Grammar. After having studied the basic theoretical explanations of the process of compounding, we noted down the sequence in which the derivation of compound happens in the Paninian system. We also noted the rules that trigger certain operations one after another in a particular sequence. We say that semantic conditioning is at the base where Samarthya is needed for the process of compounding to begin. Then we say that the name of the entire process namely Samasa is stated. Then we studied the necessary condition for the process of compounding namely Sahasupa. We also said that this Sutra Sahasupa is interpreted by the later Paninian Grammatical Tradition in a very generic manner to mean and also to account for any Subanta being interrelated to any other Subanta and getting compounded. We then noted down the stage where the Allavkika Vigraha takes place and the Samasa Sadhna happens after which the Sup is deleted by the Sutra Supadhatup Pratipadika Yoho. Before that we also noted that the Purva-Pada-Nirdharana also happens. After the Purva-Pada-Nirdharana there is also the Samasanta Prathya. Now after the deletion of the Sups we then do the morphological operations on the Purva-Pada, some phonological operations also and then we also saw some other Varana Karyas like Shatva and Natva and Sandhi and then also what remains is the Swara Karya, the accent and this is what we will be dealing in this particular lecture. We have stated this in detail in the earlier course namely Introduction to Paninian Grammar. We said that compositionality functions at three levels in Sanskrit and Paninian Grammar namely Artha, Shabdha and Swara. The compositionality at all these three levels has a one to one correspondence with each other Artha to Shabdha and Shabdha to Swara. One unit of Artha corresponds with one unit of Shabdha and also one unit of Swara. Division of Artha in that one unit corresponds to the division in Shabdha and also the Swara. So if we have Vakya Swara, Vakya Swara 1 then it is composed of Padaswara 1 plus Padaswara 2 and Padaswara 3. This Padaswara 1 is composed of Prakriti Swara 1 plus Prathya Swara 1. Padaswara 2 is composed of Prakriti Swara 2 and Prathya Swara 2 and Padaswara 3 is composed of Prakriti Swara 3 and Prathya Swara 3. Now the Padaswara is composed of Prakriti Swara and Prathya Swara and the plus sign over here is shown in blue colors to distinguish it with the plus sign that is put in between these brackets of Padaswaras. So this plus sign says that Prakriti Swara and Prathya Swara they both get merged together and there is one Padaswara that emerges. That is the implication of this plus sign. Similarly the Padaswaras once they are at the level of the output from the Prakriti Swara and Prathya Swara they come into contact with each other and then there is something else that is brought about. So Padaswara 1 plus 2 and plus 3 this brings about the Vakya Swara and this plus sign which is put in red indicates this additional action that happens only at the sentence level when there is a combination of Padaswaras this additional action cannot be ascribed to any of the Padas. It is ascribed to the combination of Padas namely the Vakyas and therefore such a Swara is ascribed as the Vakya Swara. So if we have these six sentences Gramam Gacchati Ramaha, Shalaam Gacchati Ramaha, Gramam Gacchati Mohanaha, Shalaam Gacchati Mohanaha, Shalaam Paschati Ramaha and Gramam Paschati Mohanaha. In these sentences we notice that there are some accent marks and Gramam has got the initial Udatta therefore this Anodatta becomes Swarita there is no mark in Gacchati and Ramaha is Udatta at the end so this Anodatta is shown as Anodatta. Now Gramam Gacchati Ramaha has got a peculiar accent if we split Gramam Gacchati and Ramaha we shall get separate accents of each individual words. Let us see what those accents are. So the Prakriti Pratyaswaras amongst all these words are the following Gramam is Adyudatta, Gramam is Accented, Ramam is finally Accented, Shalaam is Adyudatta and Mohanaha is Anodatta, Dhrusha is Accented, Am which is a Pratyaya which is not Accented or which is also a Pratyaya in Gacchati is not Accented, Ti is also not Accented, Su is not eligible for getting any accent because there is no vowel that is visible in the form. Now when we join the Prakriti and Pratyaya together that is Gramam plus Am we get Gramam. Now Gramam has got initial Udatta in this form, Am has got Anodatta. Now this Anodatta and this Anodatta there is Amipurbaha the Purva Rupa Sandhi so Anodatta plus Anodatta is resultant Anodatta. So this U is Anodatta which follows this Udatta therefore this becomes a Swarita. Now this Gramam is Udatta, this U is Anodatta, this Ti is Anodatta. Obviously this retains the accent so in Gacchati we have G as Udatta and because this is Anodatta which comes immediately after the Udatta this becomes a Swarita and this Anodatta remains without any mark. So we have Gacchati of this form. Ramaha is finally Accented, in Shalaam once again the same process happens and Shalaam remains initially Accented. Mohanaha also is finally Accented and Paschati is also initially Accented and therefore Paschati also has got the same Accent as we have it in Gacchati. So these are the Padha Accents composed out of the Prakriti and Pratyaja. So as you notice this is the Prakriti, this is the Pratyaja. Prakriti has got an Accent, Pratyaja has got an Accent. When they are joined together there is one Accent for both of them. Here there are three constituents. So each one of them has got one Accent and when they are joined together and they are made up in one unit there is only one Accent. Similar is the case with all other elements. Now when we join those elements in the form of a sentence this is what we get. So Gramam is initially Accented, Gacchati is also initially Accented and Ramaha is finally Accented. So now if we write Gramam Gacchati Ramaha this is how it will be however written. So now what happens over here is that the Padha Accents are of a particular kind but when they get joined in the form of a sentence like Gramam, Gacchati and Ramaha. Now this is a sentence. Here the word Gacchati comes immediately after Gramam and therefore now as a Sentential Accent as a Vakya Swara because this Gacchati comes immediately after a Subanta. So the Pandinyan Sutra Tinga Tinga Haap lies, Atingantatparam Tingantam Nihanyate and all the wobbles become unaccented which are shown here. So Gramam Gacchati Ramaha it will be of this kind this is the Sentential Accent. But if we write Gacchati in the initial position then we can retain the Padha Accent of Gacchati in this particular form Gacchati, Gramam and Ramaha this will be the Accent then or Gacchati Ramaha or Gramam this will be the Sentential Accent then. The point is that the Padha Accents are of a particular kind they come from the adjoining of the Prakriti and Praktyaya Accents. However when we join the Padhas there is another additional Sentential Swara, Vakya Swara that takes place and as a result in the first case we have Gacchati without any Udatta. Whereas in the Padha Accent Gacchati is initially accented. So this is the Vakya Swara. After having explained what is a Vakya Swara and what is the Swara Karya, let us now study the significance of Swara Karya in Samasa. In Panimian Grammar such compositionality also works in the process of compounding. Accents of Constituents are taken into account and in the process of merging only one of them is retained as the Accent of the newly merged or formed unit. There are two units minimum and each one will have its own Accent but when they merge together there will be and there has to be only one Accent. The question is which one of them and then that is an additional Accent that is part of the process of compounding. By default Accent of the Semantic Head should be retained but this is followed loosely in the usage of Sanskrit. There are several exceptions where the Semantic Non-Head also retains the Accent and we shall study this aspect in brief later on in the course. So we have a Sutra Samasasya 61-223 the final Sutra of 61 and this continues in the entire 62 which consists of 199 Sutras. What Samasasya means is that the final wobble in the compound is Accented. This is over and above the Accent of the Constituents of the compound as we shall see in the example of Raja Purusha. So Samasasya is the by default rule. This is also an Adhikara Sutra which governs the entire 6.2 which means that the Accent on compounds is stated in 6.2. Here is an example. So we have Radhnya Purusha Gacchati. So the word Radhnya has got an initial Accent. The word Purusha has got also an initial Accent. So now because this is a sentence and Radhnya has got Ra Udat and this as Anodat and this should be then shown as Swarita as is shown here but because this Pu is Udat so this Anodat is shown as Anodat and then this Anodat U is shown as Swarita. This is Anodat but it is shown without any sign because it does not follow, it does not precede any Udat. This Gacchati which is a Tinganta form which comes immediately after a Soap. So Tinga Tingaha applies and there is no Accent at all on Gacchati. So we have Radhnya Purusha Gacchati with these Accents and if we write the Alau Kika Vigraha because Radhnya and Purusha are semantically related and the speaker intends to combine them together in the form of a compound. So we write the Alau Kika Vigraha of this kind Radhnya Purusha Gacchati. Now we write Radhnya with Nya as Swarita and Purusha of this kind and Gacchati with all the Anodatas. Now we write Rajan plus Ghas plus Purusha plus Su in the Prakriti Pratyaya format where we show Rajan as Adyudatta and Purusha also as Adyudatta. Now we precede and delete the Swaps. Rajan plus Ghas, Purusha plus Su, so far deleted. So we have Rajan plus Zero plus Purusha plus Zero. So these Zeros they are counted in a manner and then we have Rajan and Purusha. Now this Nya also gets deleted and so we have Rajan and Purusha. Now we have Ra Udatta and Pu Udatta, two Udattas. Since this is a Tattpurusha compound, generally the semantic head is the Uttarapada. So generally the Uttarapada would retain the accent that means this Pu would retain its Udatta and this Udatta will lose its status of an Udatta. However this does not happen and we see that overriding all these Udattas, Samasasya plays an important role and over here in the compound Rajapurusha we see that the final vowel is accented. So Rajapurusha is finally accented followed by Su and then we get Rajapurusha or Gatshati part of the sentence where Rajapurusha is finally accented and Gatshati is also non accented and in the last stage it is shown as having no mark of an accent. So this is how the Svarakarya functions in the Samasasya and the overriding accent which is the accent of the Samasasya which takes place which is also quite similar with what happens in the sentence. In the Bahuvrihi however by default the Purva-pada retains its accent. The Sutra is Bahuvriho Prakritya Purva-padam 6 to 1. The meaning is in the Bahuvrihi compound the Purva-pada retains its original accent or earlier accent. In the Bahuvrihi compound the accent of the Purva-pada is retained as the accent of the newly formed Bahuvrihi compound that is the meaning. So here we have the meaning one who loves the world Priyam-Vishpam-Yasya-Saha written without accents over here and with accents over here where pre is accented and V is accented. Now the Alavkika-Vigraha is Priyasu-Vishvasu and so Prathipadika-Saudhneya happens and so now the Supas are deleted by 2471. So we have Priya and Vishva where both the padas have initial accents but now when they get merged together then obviously one of them will have to lose its status and it is this Uttarapada which loses its Udattah and it is this Purva-pada which retains its Udattah so we get Priya-Vishpa with the initial Udattah. So to summarize the accent is a very important feature noted down by Paniniyandramar on my new parts of speech. The accent compositionality corresponds with that of the meaning and the word form. The newly derived compound form gets one accent. This is one of the constituent accent in many cases but in many other cases it is something new overriding the constituent accents indicating the non compositional nature of the compound which is something similar to what the Vakya is according to the Grammarians. Given xax plus yay as the accent input where ax is the accent on x and ay is the accent on y the outputs could be described as xyax or xyay or xyaz where z is completely different out of x and y. So xyax means accent of x retained, xyay means accent of y retained and xyz means both the accents of x and y are not applicable and something else is stated by the sutra. These are the texts referred to in order to explain the Swarh Karya in this particular lecture. Thank you very much for your patience.


A recently uncovered mosaic reveals biblical spies seeking out the promised land, Moses sent the spies to test the land and the will of the people, and in fact the spies were spooked as they encountered something they had not anticipated. In the Bible the eyewitness account as reported back to Moses reads, And they came unto the brook of Eshkal and cut down from thence a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they bear it between two upon a staff, and they brought of the pomegranates and of the figs. The place was called the brook Eshkal because of the cluster of grapes which the children of Israel cut down from thence, and they returned from searching of the land after forty days. And they went and came to Moses and to Aaron, and to all the congregation of the children of Israel, unto the wilderness of Paran, to Kaddish, and brought back word unto them, and unto all the congregation, and showed them the fruit of the land. And they told him and said, We came unto the land with her thou sentest us, and surely it floweth with milk and honey, and this is the fruit of it. Nevertheless the people be strong that dwell in the land, and the cities are walled, and very great, and moreover we saw the children of Anak there. And the Amalekites dwell in the land of the south, and the Hittites, and the Jebusites, and the Amorites dwell in the mountains, and the Canaanites dwell by the sea and by the coast of Jordan. And Caleb steeled the people before Moses and said, Let us go up at once and possess it, for we are well able to overcome it. But the men that went up with him said, We be not able to go up against the people, for they are stronger than we. And they brought up an evil report of the land, which they had searched unto the children of Israel, saying, The land through which we have gone to search it is a land that eateth up the inhabitants thereof, and all the people that we saw in it are men of great stature. There we saw the Nephilim, the sons of Anak, which come of the giants, and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight. The Mosaic is dated to around the second generation after Christ's death, and it is of major importance because it appears to back up the biblical verse, which is just stunning. The Mosaic is one of about a dozen that archaeologists have uncovered at a synagogue in the ancient Jewish village of Hakoke in Israel's Galilee. The detail and breadth of these discoveries indicate that the villagers flourished during the early 5th century AD when the region was under Rome's Christian rule. We just wanted to share this information with you guys. This is a type of information that has not been taken as literal over the years, rather seen as mythology or exaggeration. But the fact is, the Nephilim were real, the Great Flood did occur, and the gods left the earth at this point, so when will they return and will they appreciate that humanity is thriving again? Who knows? Comments below and as always, thank you for watching.


Hello, and welcome to this presentation of the OTF Deck, which is included in STM32-H7B microcontrollers. The original purpose of OTF Deck is to protect the confidentiality of read-only firmware libraries stored in external SPI NOR flash devices. The OTF Deck performs on-the-fly decryption during Octo-SPI memory mapped read operation. Any read-access size down to the byte is supported. Two OTF Deck instances are located between the AXI bus matrix and one Octo-SPI peripheral that controls the access to an external serial flash. Advanced encryption standard, or AES, 128-bit algorithm in counter mode is implemented to achieve the lowest possible latency. As a consequence, each time the content of one encrypted region is changed, the entire region must be re-encrypted with a different cryptographic context, key or initialization vector. Up to eight independent encrypted regions, four per OTF Deck, can be defined, each with their own 128-bit key and initialization vector information, 64-bit application nonce and 16-bit encrypted library version. A write-locking mechanism prevents any further reconfiguration of region parameters. The purpose of the OTF Deck peripheral is to protect the user code and or data that are stored in the external serial flash memory. If the image is stored unencrypted, it is easy to read it by either de-soldering the flash device, then re-soldering it on another board, or by spying the traffic on the SPI bus by using a logic analyzer or an oscilloscope. Consequently, the image stored in the flash memory should be encrypted, then decrypted on the fly during runtime reads. The latency caused by the decryption should be minimized. The OTF Deck has been designed to tackle these objectives. The OTF Deck is a peripheral implemented in the STM32-H7B line, able to decrypt with low latency code and or data stored within an external flash. It also supports an encryption mode. The encryption process must follow the sequence described in the reference manual. When the encryption mode is selected, on-the-fly decryption for all regions is deactivated. Since the decryption is done internally by the microcontroller, the data transferred over the OCTO SPI bus is encrypted. This is a countermeasure against flash unsodering and bus spying. The OTF Deck is a companion IP of the OCTO SPI peripheral. It intercepts any data read and instruction fetch that targets the external flash. Decryption is transparent to the Cortex-A7 core. Data and or instructions that the processor receives have been decrypted in hardware by the OTF Deck unit. The OTF Deck protects the confidentiality of external read-only code, read-only data, or read-only code plus data areas. They are decrypted on the fly. Four independent and non-overlapping encrypted regions can be defined. The AES 128-bit cipher in counter mode is used to achieve the lowest possible latency. Access minimum granularity is 8 bits. Each region is defined by a 128-bit secret key and its public 8-bit CRC. Initialization vector of each region is built by the OTF Deck unit using a 64-bit application information and a 16-bit library version. The user can define this information as public diversification data. The OTF Deck unit has an AHB slave interface used to access control and status registers. For each region, the operating mode has to be selected. More specifically, if the region contains both code and data, the mode field of the region configuration register has to be set to binary value 1-0. If the region contains only data, the mode field of the region configuration register has to be set to binary value 0-1. If the region contains only code that can be encrypted externally, the mode field of the region configuration register has to be set to binary value 0-0. For those three modes, standard AES encryption algorithm is used. Hence, the encryption process can be embedded in code generation tools or application firmware for runtime encryption. If the region only contains instruction, the mode field of the region configuration register could be set to binary value 1-1. In this case, an additional layer of protection is added on top of the standard AES encryption algorithm. Hence, the encryption process cannot be embedded in software tools. OTF Deck must be used to perform the encryption using dedicated RSS function. The configuration of each region can be independently locked to prevent any further modification. Both the 128-bit key and the configuration parameters can be locked. All key registers are right only and are automatically erased in case of intrusion detected by tampers, readout protection or RDP regression or mode field change. The principle of OTF Deck is to analyze all AXI read transfers on the associated AXI bus. If the read request is within one of the four regions programmed in OTF Deck, the control logic triggers a key stream computation based on the AES algorithm in counter mode. This key stream is then used to on-the-fly decrypt the data present in the read transfer from the OctoSPI AXI master, tying low the R-ready signal of this master while the key stream information is being computed. This takes up to 11 cycles. Any access outside the encrypted OTF Deck regions belongs to a non-encrypted region. As OTF Deck is used in conjunction with OctoSPI, it is mandatory to access the flash memory using the memory map mode of the flash controller. In the region configuration register, the mode bits define the OTF Deck operating mode, standard or enhanced encryption. The RSS can use OTF Deck for encrypting data using either the standard AES algorithm or the enhanced encryption algorithm. A tamper detection, an RDP regression or a mode bits change automatically erases the keys. The OTF Deck can assert and interrupt to the NVIC for three possible causes, security error, key error and execute only or execute while encryption error. Each of these causes has a dedicated flag and interrupt enable bit. RSS reset an encrypt service to application, ST or user, encrypts code located in the dedicated SRAM area. Depending on the size of the code to encrypt, several calls to this service can be requested. User firmware is responsible for external flash programming. Note the RSS service reset and encrypt always triggers a system reset. The user firmware is in charge of the following initializations during the boot sequence. Loading keys within OTF Deck key registers for each OTF Deck region. Loading nonce, version, address start and address end information for each OTF Deck region. Set reg EN bits, locking OTF Deck configuration above, recommended. Then on the fly decryption is ready. Secure firmware install or SFI is a global solution for the STM32H7B series of microcontrollers, allowing secure and counted installation of OEM firmware in untrusted production environment, such as OEM contract manufacturer. OEM firmware protected by SFI can be stored in the device's embedded flash or encrypted in external flash connected via OctoSPI. When external flash memory is targeted by SFI, OEM firmware code must be encrypted with an external firmware and data AES key. This key can be common to all devices. In this case tools could perform the encryption if OTF Deck mode equals 1-0, or unique per device. In this case firmware is encrypted inside the device, mandatory if OTF Deck mode equals 1-1. On chip encryption using OTF Deck is illustrated in the next slide. For more information please refer to application note AN4992 for secure firmware install or SFI solutions. This slide represents the sequence where the STM32 secure bootloader handles both internal firmware installation and external firmware installation with an AES key for the global external flash memory and the help of an external flash memory loader. The numerical steps are represented on the schematic. 1. Create an SFI image using STM32 Trusted Package Creator or TPC with A internal firmware and data including external flash memory drivers, B the AES key for the external firmware and data, and C external firmware and data. 2. Internal flash memory programming as described in the STM32 H7B RSS training. 3. External firmware and data AES key programming in OTF Deck peripheral. Alternatively to what is drawn on the slide this key can be managed locally to the device not globally in the flashing tools. 4. External flash memory chunk encryption. 5. External flash memory programming by the user's firmware. Afterward during each boot the secure internal firmware in RSS first copies the AES firmware and data keys in write-only OTF Deck key registers then activates the OTF Deck region tied to those keys. At this point the CPU can seamlessly read, fetch data or code from external flash memory encrypted or not once the Octo SPI driver has been initialized. The OTF Deck has three interrupt sources. The security error is raised when an attempt to read key registers is detected or when an attempt to write keys while the key lock bit is set or when an attempt to reconfigure a region when the config lock bit is set. When execute only mode, mode equals 00 or enhanced encryption mode, mode equals 11 is selected the execute only error is raised when a read access is attempted to this protected region. When data only mode, mode equals 01 is selected the execute never error is raised when an execute access is attempted to this protected region. The key error is raised when a read request is attempted to a region whose key registers are null or not properly programmed keys CRC equals 0x0. Key error can happen due to an incorrect key register writing sequence. It can also occur in case of intrusion detected by tempers, read out protection or RDP regression or mode field change. The OTF Deck is active in D run mode. In D stop or D stop to mode the OTF Deck is frozen and its registers content is maintained. In standby or shutdown mode the OTF Deck is powered down and it must be re-initialized afterward. The OTF Deck module has relationships with the following other modules to SPI interface nested vector interrupt controller, secure firmware install or SFI and root security services with SFI information. For more details on SFI please refer to application note AN4992 about overview of secure firmware install or SFI. For more details and code example of the usage of OTF Deck in encryption and decryption please refer to application note AN5281.


Hai, terima kasih kerana melihat saya di sini. Terima kasih, Jinmeh, Donor, dan organisasi saya. Ya, jadi basically I'm here today to well not try to sell the company I'm working for. But I think we're working on some stuff that's pretty cool. And to give a little bit more background, I used to work in a research institute. And basically in Singapore, I2R, we did automatic speech recognition. And what that means is that basically I sit around in write papers and build publications and many mentor students and it can be very far removed from actual applications that like actual things that you actually build product itself. So going from there, I had a chance encounter with a friend that was starting a company. Well, he was vice president of a company in Silicon Valley. And he said, we're building this really cool chip over there and why don't you join us and make something useful in our life instead of writing papers all the time. So that's what I did. And so I'm in this company called Mervumind. And our company is interested in building, and that's pretty much a whole team in Santa Clara. And there's 20 strong, but we have a situation where we have a sort of a full stack kind of approach to people working on hardware, designing RTL, doing a board design, software stack applications, AI engineering and models, the whole shebang basically. And being going from something that's very academic to something that's really start up and it's a life of death situation, every single minute counts. You've got to make product or you're going to get basically all the job. And that's very exciting to me. And also I feel that there's a chance to build something that's useful. So one reason why I decided to move, this is going to get a bit technical. But one reason why I decided to move is because of the founder, we had Dr Ren, who used to be a distinguished scientist in Pytook and he did a lot of breakthrough work in heterogeneous computing and he did a lot of stuff on being one of the first people to start using GPUs to train AI models. So what is Mervumind? So this is going to look a bit less like a slide deck in a couple of minutes, but basically we're a full stack AI company and the core of our company we're trying to build is AI chip. And you may see a lot of companies nowadays that say that they're trying to build an AI chip, but what does that really mean? And if you look at the current applications that available today, things that you can do with... Yeah, if you look at what comes to mind when you talk about artificial intelligence, what can you do today, right? And many things are not really possible unless you have that compute and the data to train the models to do it. And we believe that with the technology that has more... by creating technology enable people to actually bring artificial intelligence models just from very platforms with a lot of compute to something that's more to embedded in nature. So maybe I'll just skip through this one. So I think the key thing is that if you look at what people claim to be AI chips today, there might be a whole bunch of different companies that are building neural network accelerators. On one end, you have things that may be very low power, but at the same time, if you have not a lot of power, you can't do a lot of performance. So you can't do a lot of compute. So the amount of compute that you can do is really sort of... amount of compute processing power you have sort of controls like how much, what can application can do. So if you look at... on the other end, if you have more higher power profiles going from very low power to very high power all the way down to GPU card from Nvidia, 250 watts can do a lot of processing, but then it's very costly. So it's very costly into the power budget. So you cannot imagine if you have a drone that's flying around, you can't stick a GPU card in it and go around and start doing computer vision at real times of analysis. And that's why I believe what we're trying to do here is trying to find a sweet spot where we can actually provide a lot of computing performance at a low power budget and that enables more applications to come about. So that's why we're really trying to build a company, chip at the core of it, and from there we hope that it can enable more applications. And it's been an exciting journey because after joining the company for like about a year and a half and starting from almost nothing getting to the point where we have a first prototype with the FPGA and followed by the ASIC, the application-specific IC and getting the chip back from Foundry, every day is a lot of excitement. There's like the boards break, there's lots of firefighting going on and every single moment I feel that I will try to bring this chip towards product, towards the market and almost to the point where we are ready to show some cool applications and start to talk to people to see that we can enable more exciting applications to come about. So this is where we are trying to place ourselves with low power but the performance of GPU class kind of machine. So if you look at what NVIDIA saviour can do maybe, we are looking at a power profile that's less than it but equivalent amount of performance. So the performance numbers here are tera-ops, trillions of operations per second and a lot of tricks people are used to actually get that number if you run a GPU for instance, usually it's like a 16-bit or 32-bit floating point calculation and to get a low power profile you might do things like you might do quantization, you might do some certain kinds of custom architectures and you'll get that performance and what is it we do that makes this possible. So I think this is probably the key slide in explaining what we are trying to do here. If you look at the evolution of computing, you start with traditional CPUs like general purpose computers then you go more and more and more specialized going from the CPU to DSP chips to GPUs increasing amount of parallelism that you do with your compute. So like for GPUs you can have lots and lots cores and graphics processing units you have a lot of hardware to basically run a lot of stuff at once. It becomes more and more specialized so at the expense of not being able to run any general purpose algorithm you have very specialized hardware that allows you to run certain kinds of applications much faster and what we claim in our we actually file and got a patent on this that with the Dover tensor chip the ASIC that we designed we're going step further by going with so much specialization that you can get an equivalent amount of compute but much less power but what kind of specialization we're talking about this is a neural network accelerator really and if you look at what people are doing in artificial intelligence they're basically deep learning a lot of neural networks a lot of topologies are very similar if you look at computer vision for instance everybody is doing a convolution network you really don't need a lot of stuff you just need a 3x3 convolution a 1x1 convolution RESTnet roughly that kind of architecture and if you just build something for it specific to that and just target one thing do one thing really really well and then that's all we need so yup so starting from last year we started with the evolution of the hardware there's a lot of iteration that involved with designing the RTL and we started with FPGA cards and we built we basically built like an entire neural network processing core into the vertex and then even then last year we also demoed some applications at CS and that was exciting for us and then last year near the end of the year we got our first version so with the same logic we worked with one of the boundaries to build ASIC application specific IC and the chip came back and today we have this guy so it's hiding under the fan here it's memory banks here and whatnot and it plugs through a PCI interface to this main motherboard so this is one device that I brought back to the client today and but I don't have it with me but it's at my client's side and this with the core chip is able to run pretty much most computer vision and types of neural networks and so how this works is basically with the current device that you saw let's see so that's like a whole CPU with a host memory and then a general purpose computer will actually take care of the rest of the control logic for applications talk to our device here which is a PCI board and we have an onboard DMA controller and our core this is the stuff that runs the neural network processing and on device memory to hold all the weights and for your neural network and we also develop an application workflow so this is my main job really nowadays just develop an application workflow and build a runtime so that you can actually make it simple to use this stuff because if you have a new piece of device it's useless if you can't actually make full use of it and for in terms of artificial intelligence really what you want is a lot of machine learning stuff is basically you have the data set you have a specific problem or a solve let's say you want to be able to recognize cats for instance just collect lots of pictures of cats then gather a training database train the model and then from here we provide a tool chain to compile everything that will run on the hardware and then after that a benchmark can run so we have like this entire workflow that we're trying to set up as well so some example use cases that we've had so far I think last year we've had then as a full stack company we not just do the trip we also do everything all the way up engineering model training as well and sometime last year we started off with building this smart endoscopy system there's a new clip here but I'm going to skip it basically what it does is there's this doctor in like this China busy bunch of doctors in West China currently the place but in Chinese hospital and you take an endoscope and you stick it into somebody's colon it sounds a bit gross now but then you get live feed from inside and basically you run at 30 frames per second and try to classify and figure out whether or not the person the patient you're staring at has defective colon or not so all this runs in real time and that's as possible with the hardware acceleration okay, I'm going to skip this then CES last year was January that was a really hectic time in Las Vegas building real time classification for this is basically off the ImageNet visual classification task and then we benchmarked it then with the first version of our hardware we were looking at basically about 120WP desktop GPU with about almost half the performance and then today this is the second column ASIC version which is a bit more powerful so we'll talk about some applications mostly we've been doing a lot of computer vision applications just a clip of a demo so this is real time object detection that we're running about 60 frames per second running through our chip everything is just redid here this is basically a YOLO model so it's open source and we just compile everything and stick it in our chip which runs and even though largely we we survey only certain kinds of architectures mostly CNNs 3x3 convolutions element wise sums so these are topologies like ResNet and VGG type of networks we're also looking into using these types of topologies to support many other applications because the topology is one thing as long as you have the data you can train it so we can also probably do stuff like pretty much everything else you can in AI as long as you write topology data you can train and do the system it's just an interesting one so let me stick to the next one okay so I don't have a live demo of this unfortunately but so super resolution is one other interesting use case that we've been playing with so basically if you have a lot of high res if you have a lot of low res images you can train you can train a new network that takes low resolution images and tries to fill in the fine structure of that image and generate a high resolution image so how does this work basically if you have lots of let's say 4K content down sample it train a neural network where you feed in the low res down sample data and try and generate the high high resolution image so if you have lots and lots of pictures of cats then you train a neural network then it's going to understand what cats look like and if you have a very blurry cat you'll be able to draw the whiskers for you basically so that's the general idea and we're seeing possible potential applications where if you wanted to have you have a very big nice expensive TV or 8K TV but there's no content so what you're going to do we'll take stuff from YouTube whatever content you have and feed it through a neural network and generate generate that content for you and all this is done in the fly life using the hardware and with the vision of the founder that we're working for, the vision of the startup having a chip that's called having the compute ability to enable more interesting applications and we want to have this vision where we want to enable IOT not just IOT but also what we call intelligent so not just a lot more expensive and interesting application computer vision type of applications can all be moved from the cloud to the edge so if an example is if you look at what we have for instance speech recognition today a lot of stuff is all run off the cloud you don't really have the kind of compute in your phone to actually run everything locally for things like large vocabulary speech recognition or like a real time objective detection and we're seeing that by having a platform that can have sufficient compute to run the models that you really want and you can do all these things on your drones or things with a small power budget so this is what we're trying to look for and hopefully we'll have a dev kit out for people soon then you can play with it so that's what I have for you questions so very recently okay Q&A is later as well I think most things will hang around so let's go through all the talks hang out and talk