Welcome to today's episode of the Mindset Mentor podcast. I'm your host Rob Dyle and if you have not yet done so, hit that subscribe button so that you never miss another podcast episode. If you're out there and you want to receive an email for me every single Monday morning with some tips and tricks on how to make the best mindset that you possibly can, I send out an email every single Monday and if you want it for free, go to mondayemail.com and sign up. Once again, mondayemail.com and sign up there. Today, I'm gonna be talking to you about why a breakdown is actually a good thing. Now, just to preface this, I'm not talking about a mental breakdown and getting into depression or anxiety or any of that stuff. I'll dive deeper into what I mean when I'm talking about a breakdown. But before I do, I wanna talk to you and kind of have you think of a visual, okay? Think of going to the gym in one of the times where you have just worked so ridiculously hard at the gym where it's just like your muscles are burning like I remember one time specifically, I was in LA fitness and I worked my legs out so hard I couldn't walk out of the gym because I couldn't stand up anymore. Now, I could have possibly taken it too far but I remember sitting there and I was literally sitting on the benches watching people play tennis because I was like, I can't stand up. Like it literally hurts too much to stand up. At that point in time, I took my muscles to the point that there was nothing left of them, right? And if you think of yourself kind of like a muscle, in order for it to grow has to be broken down. What you're actually doing when you're working out a muscle really hard is you're making microscopic tears in the muscle so that therefore when the muscle regrows and actually heals itself, it regrows stronger. And so when you're putting these micro tears in it, you're literally in a way destroying the muscle in some sort of way. There's a destruction of the muscle. Now, if you wanna create bigger muscles, you essentially have to destroy the current muscle that you have in order for it to create a new version of itself, right? You literally have to destroy that muscle for it to come back stronger. And one of the best ways to do this is to lift until absolute failure, to lift and lift and lift until you cannot lift anymore for that day. And then at that failure, you've gotten to the maximum capacity of the muscle. Now, is the muscle destroyed forever? No, it's not destroyed forever. It will rebuild itself and it will rebuild itself stronger. A muscle does not grow if it is not broken down in some way though. So if you go into the gym and you lift over and over and over again, the exact same weight over and over and over again, some reps, some sets, some weight, your muscle's not going to grow. You have to go heavier and heavier, more weight, more weight, more weight and it eventually breaks itself down. A muscle does not grow if it is not broken down. There's not a break down in the muscle fibers. And so then obviously after breaking it down, you have to, it has to be followed by rest so that the muscle will actually be able to have time to grow. This is where we're at when we have our own breakdowns. Once again, I'm not talking about mental breakdown, talking to the point of like confusion. I don't know what I'm doing. I don't know what's going on. I don't know where my life is. I don't know what's happening. Sometimes that point can be one of the most important points of your life. If you find yourself at that point of like, I don't know what the hell I'm doing with myself. That could be one of the most important points of your life. If you're at confusion, if you're at breakdown, if you're at, I don't know what the hell's going on. Sometimes things need to be broken down completely in order for those things to be able to rebuild into a stronger version of itself, AKA you need to break down in some sort of way or the version of you that exists right now needs to break down in some sort of way in order for you to be able to grow into a better, stronger version of yourself. And so if you find yourself at a breakdown sometimes, if you find yourself at just absolute confusion, if you find yourself in a point where it feels like chaos, you have found the maximum of what your current self can do. Notice what I say, not what you can do, what your current self can do. This is a good thing. This is a really good thing because you found what you're capable of. You found that what the current version of you is capable of. And if you want more, if you see more potential, there needs to be a breakdown of something that needs to go, that needs to be let go of, that needs to get, you need to get rid of in order to make way for something better, in order to make way for a new version of yourself, in order to make way for certain habits and traits and qualities and aspects of yourself to have room to grow and to actually be a trait that you know have. But most people, when we're not aware of this, and I find myself in this many times over the course of my life, when we're not aware of this, we can feel that confusion, we can feel that chaos, we can feel that breakdown and be like, holy crap, this is a really bad thing. And we think that it is. And we think, oh my gosh, this is too much.  But there is no danger that's in front of you. You've just reached a point of breakdown. And that's why a breakdown can be good. And so one of the things that I do when I coach people, I teach coaches how to grow coaching businesses, and one of the things that we will always do is we will do something about once a quarter called a push. And it's two weeks of working harder in their business that they ever have. They eat, sleep, and breathe their business for 14 days straight. Why?  When you pull a plastic bag, it will never go back to the same size. And so if we can say, hey, I normally do this much outreach in a day and then over the next 14 days, the person's like, I'm gonna do three times that amount of outreach. Way past what they're comfortable with. On the other side of those 14 days, we call it a push for a reason because you're literally pushing yourself. We used to do this when I was in my first sales company. We do 14 days straight. Just eat, sleep, and breathe your business. Expand yourself where you're just so busy working. You can't even think about your fears. You can't even think about your limit beliefs. You can't even think about your uncomfortableness. And so what happens is at the end of those 14 days, they grow their businesses to points that they've never thought possible. And when you push and you push and push and push and push, what happens is after the first two weeks, people are like, man, I'm really uncomfortable. And I say to them, I was like, there should be a point where you want to quit. You should probably want to quit every single day, but you've got to push past it. You've got to push past it. You've got to push past that. And most of them express at some point in time that it's getting hard for them. And that's good. That's a good thing. Why? Because it's not hard for them like in who they're going to be. It's hard for their current selves. It's hard for the self that they currently have. And in order for them to grow themselves and to grow their business into another version of himself, they need to break down parts of themselves that are not supposed to be there anymore. The fears, the limiting beliefs, the lack of action, whatever it might be. And if they do it for another four weeks, eventually that massive action starts to become normal. So what was completely out of their capacity in their own mindset becomes normal.  Say, hey, 14 days, I'm going to just eat, sleep, and breathe my business. I'm going to put every single ounce of energy that I have. We used to call them money-making vacations, go on a money-making vacation, then just tell everyone that you love, hey, for the next 14 days, I'm going to work as hard as I possibly can in my business. You know, tell your kids that you'll see them after the 14 days if you have to, whatever you've got to do. And just see if you can find another level of yourself past the breakdown, because you're going to get to the point where you're like, screw this, I don't want to do this anymore.   You know, when I do the exact same thing happens when I do it at the beginning of the year, every single year, I do a thing called the Iron Mine 30, where for 30 days straight, we have six pillars, we have to hit every single day, and it's, you know, there's cold showers, there's no alcohol, there's specific diet that they need to stick to. It's journaling, it's meditating, it's working out every single day for 30 days. In some people, most people want to give up at some point in time. And you know, that's where we really want to support people the most, but I've had people that have gone through the Iron Mine 30 for 30 days, they've lost a ton of weight, and then at the end of the year, they send me a message and they're like, Rob, I just finished the Iron Mine 365. How cool is that? Where they do all six pillars for 365 days an entire year, and they're like, I'm a completely different person. Now, was there some confusion probably that happened throughout the year in doing this? Absolutely, was there strong resistance? Absolutely, 100%. Was there probably some breakdowns from the old version of themself that had to die off? Yes, absolutely. And so, you know, I can think of this for myself as well, where if like, if you're constantly pushing yourself, you're constantly growing, you're constantly trying to become better. There should be moments in your life where you realize the person that you are now, you years ago, could not do what you do.   You know, like if I look at my business now, I started my business by myself seven years ago, and I grew it and I figured it out and I grew it and I figured it out and there was so much uncomfortable. There's so many times where I doubted myself, there's so many times where I wanted to quit. There's so many times where I thought, I don't know if I can do this anymore, right? And when I look at the version of myself in 2015 that started this business, I could not run the business that I have now. There was many versions of myself that had to break down and die off for me to build myself into the version of myself that I am now, right? When I was by myself in 2015, I could not run my business that I have now. We have 27 team members. We're hiring seven more in the next two weeks. We're gonna have 34 people on a team. Rob, who is a fully solo entrepreneur in 2015, could not run a 27 going to 34 person company at all. Rob in 2015 could not run this business. There's no way. There's been a constant breakdown and rebuilding process of me to get to where I am in 2022. Now, here's the important thing that you also have to realize. I know that me right now in 2022 cannot run my business in 2014. Not because physical dates are not there yet, but because of the fact that I am not capable of running the business that's doing three, four, five times in revenue what it is now who has a hundred employees instead of 34 because there's a constant breakdown and rebuild, a breakdown and rebuild, a breakdown and rebuild. And that's why a breakdown can be a really good thing. Most people back away when they start to feel those feelings. But for you, you're here, you're listening to this because you want to grow because you want to get better. And so you have to realize when you feel that feeling of like confusion, chaos, possible breakdown, you got to remind yourself, this is a very important time in my life. I've got to push through and I've got to become better from this, right? It is a constant expansion of who you are, right? The past seven years of growing my business, it has been a constant expansion of who I am. That's how you need to be. That's how your life needs to be.  What you need to do is you need to find your edge and push through. And usually that edge feels like confusion. Usually that edge feels like breakdown.  Usually that edge feels like I don't think I can do this. Usually that edge feels like there's no way I'm going to get past this. And at that point, when you get to that point, you have found your capacity of your current self. Push just a little bit past it. Push just a little bit further. But that's the point where most people tend to give up. I know that I've done that years and years and years. I've done this over and over and over again. I've gotten to a point where it feels uncomfortable and given up and gotten to a point where it feels uncomfortable and given up. I've gotten to a point of uncomfortable and we have given up. I'm sure you've probably done it hundreds of times as well. We've all done it, but we've got to have the mentality of when I get to that point, I will push past it. When I get to that point, I'm going to push past it. And when you get to that point, you've got to think to yourself, okay, take a couple of deep breaths. I've made a good point in my life. It's never comfortable. It's not comfortable at all. I've never been in a breakdown point and been like, yay, this is amazing. But I can remind myself, okay. This is where growth comes from. Growth doesn't come from just reading books. Growth doesn't come from just doing what's easy. Growth comes from pushing yourself past the point that you are comfortable. And you must be constantly reminding yourself of this episode when you get to that. If you need to highlight this episode and save it for when you do have one of those breakdowns or confusion moments, the points where it gets too hard, come back to this and let me remind you that you had a really important time of your life.  You've got to push just a little bit further.  It's got to burn. It's got to hurt. It's got to be uncomfortable. But if you just remind yourself over and over and over again, you're going to find yourself at a point 10 years from now when you've pushed a little bit past it, a little bit past it, a little bit past it, 10 years from now, you will not be recognizable with the person that you are currently right now. And like I said, most people will give up. Most people will tell you to give up. Most people will support you in your giving up. If growth is the absolute focus for you, then you must understand that at the point of breakdown is the point of most growth. When you work out and you're at the very end of your workout and you're literally struggling to finish, that last set is the most important set of your entire workout. The entire workout is just prepping you for that very last set where you destroy the muscles, break them down so they can rebuild themselves. So you must remind yourself, when things get hard, it's a good thing. When things don't feel comfortable, it's a good thing. When you feel like giving up, but don't, it's a good thing. And you remind yourself of this over and over and over again. And eventually, you'll get to the point where the uncomfortableness starts to feel fun. You get to the point where the uncomfortableness feels like, hey, here we are again, we've done this before, we know what to do, let's keep going. And that's what you want. You want to be able to build yourself into the person that seeks the discomfort, that seeks the breakdown, that seeks the burning, that seeks the confusion, that seeks the chaos. Because when you do that over and over and over again, you're constantly expanding yourself. And the only way that you can be a different person a year from today, two years from today, five years from today, 10 years from today is if you seek the discomfort, if you seek that expansion in yourself. And when you do that over and over and over again, you will eventually be a completely different person. So that's what I got for you for today's episode. If you love this episode, please share it on your Instagram stories and tag me in it, RobDialJr, R-O-B-D-I-A-L-J-R.  Make it your mission to make someone else's day better. I appreciate you, and I hope that you have an amazing day.


Yarrg, Captain Gooey Marshmallow Legs, I found me some treasure. Me too. Should we take the loot? Take it? Why not make it? That's a great idea, matey. We're gonna show you how to make it so you can play too. To make your own pirate treasure, you need a lot of glue. You should pour it into a bowl with a spoon. We're using gel glue so it makes it more shiny. To make your treasure sparkly, add glitter to the gel glue. We decided that we wanted lots of different colors, so we used small bowls so that we can mix them in different colors of glitter. We made red, silver, gold, and green. These look so cool. Now you can just mix it together. It's so gooey. Yeah, the glitter just sticks right to the clear glue. Once you're done mixing, we're using ice cube trays to mold it. I'm using a star one. A little batches of treasure. It's so glittery and cool. Yo-ho-ho. This is good pirate treasure. When you're done, you can put your treasure somewhere safe to dry. Outside in the sun on a warm day works well. And then you wait for a long time. Like probably at least overnight. Better have some pirate jokes ready. Hey, Captain. Yeah? Where do pirates go to get a haircut? I don't know where. The bar. Hey, Captain. Hey, what? What's your pirate's favorite face? What? Swordfish. Check your treasure every now and then to see if it's dry. You may have to pop it out of the ice cube tray and flip it over to dry on the other side. And once it's done drying, your pirate treasure would look like this. Pirates we are pirates.


What's up everybody? It's Jason here for JaspiesCaseBreaks.com 19-20, Pinini, Mosaic, T-Mall, Basketball, 3 box break, 3 random teams each number, 3 just sold out And again, 10 total spots, everybody gets 3 random teams in the NBA and all cards ship Looking for the gold wave and the red wave exclusive to T-Mall, China Basketball, so here you go. Here's the dice roll, here's the customer name So we tripled up your names all the way down to Jordan, which you got last spot module That's the little little asterisk right there And Hawks down to the Wizards So let's roll the dice and we got ourselves a 4 and a 3 for 7 times, so good luck 7 times 1 2 3 4 5 6 And 7 Tyler down to Joshua. All right, 7 times 1 2 3 4 5 6 And 7 7 times 76ers down on the Warriors Alrighty, so here you go. Tyler with the 76ers, Jordan with the Bucks, Robert with the Knicks, Suns, T-Woos, Joshua with the Wizards, Chuck with the Thunder, Nick with the Grizzlies, William with the Kings, Joshua with the Cavs, Robert with the Raptors, Joshua with the Blazers, Tyler with the Hawks, William with the Pacers, Joshua with the Magic, William with the Clippers, Chuck with the Bulls, Pistons, Robert with the Nuggets, Tyler with the Spurs, Joshua with the Hornets, Jordan You have Heat, Last Bomb Module, Nick with the Celtics, Willem, you have the Pelicans, Jordan, you have the Mavericks, Last Bomb Module, Robert with the Rockets, William, F, that is Sardin, Felton, with the Jazz, Nick with the Lakers, William Felton with the Nets, and Joshua with the Warriors And just to let you guys know, yeah, let me look at the other William Felton number, Sacramento Kings it looks like So if you guys want to trade, I do have the trade window open for about a minute If I don't get any trade offers or it's just a little too quiet We'll close the trade window for teams and then we'll start ripping the three boxes All right guys, trade window closed All right guys, well good luck. All right, good luck guys. We got a DeMontes Sabonis red wave Jackson Hayes rookie and a Cam Reddish gold.  Just the way it is though. What's he styleable? Darien Fox and Thomas Bryant to gold And another Cam Reddish this time red color match Charles Barclay, Prism Silver Ooh, we have an autograph Karim Abdul-Jabbar. Wow. These are so rare. I've hardly ever seen you autographs and this time It's Milwaukee Bucks edition Going to Jordan last but Mojo beginners luck Striking Milwaukee Bucks Red wave Karim Abdul-Jabbar autograph There you go Jordan Bucks heat and Maverick's very last but Mojo teams and a goga Bitatze for the Indiana Pacers When a William Hawkins Tyler Hero Josh Koji Lou Williams and Jordan pool All right next box All right a good luck next box We are drew holiday for the pelicans Willie Kalli Stein Rui Kristoff's porzingis Myers Leonard That's on Instagram Josh. You're on the wrong website. Jasper's case breaks here on YouTube is for casebricks.com Jasper's calm with the mystery crate that is on Instagram at Jasper's breaks So those are personal over there. It is not here with us Lebron James Cam Reddish silver and a Tyler hero red for the heat Jordan last but Mojo you got a little red wave Tyler hero color match you have for the Kings Bayley Ricky and Scotty P Pippen for the Bulls PJ played 40 something minutes and no points Stockton for the jazz red wave Terence Ferguson red wave and we got taco Red wave and if NBA debut PJ Washington, Jr No, and maybe just leave Huh Might of I'll leave it here, and if I have to randomize it around just leave me the breaks you to last box I Good luck Troy Brown, Jr. Gold Ruha Chimura Yeah, wilt Chamberlain Patrick Beverly We got Lonzo ball for the pelicans. I think there was a look a face PJ Ogie on a nobie Bama de bio for the heat Miles bridges and we got a Zion debut You got taco red wave and another Tyler hero red red as well. Nice break for Jordan Last spot mojo beginners luck mojo right there Carmelo Anthony Blazers Taco Got Tyus Jones And a Darius Garland red wave for the Cleveland Cavaliers Going to Joshua Paul George and Katie Ocala Oh, that's right Sean Maddock had both, huh? I Remember that Alrighty, and there you go everybody So usually we don't really get any autographs, but they are rare, but we do we did get one this time Well, it'll be top-loader. We've got two Tyler heroes and a current digit bar autograph scripts So I think we do have enough for another three boxes. I can post up another one Appreciate you guys Jaspies case breaks calm


Over the last century, astronomers have discovered many new and mysterious cosmic objects, such as quasars, black holes, gamma ray bursts and distant exoplanets. Recent discoveries may be impressive, but in just a few remarkable years in the 1920s, one man single-handedly changed our perception of our place in the universe. His name was Dr. Edwin Powell Hubbell. In Missouri in 1889, Edwin Powell Hubbell developed an early passion for astronomy after receiving his first telescope when he was just eight years old. In 1917, whilst working on his doctorate, Hubbell received a life-changing job offer from George Ellery Hale, founder of the Mount Wilson Observatory in California. But the opportunity came at a bad time. The United States had just entered World War I and Hubbell enlisted in the military. In 1919, Major Hubbell returned from the war and immediately traveled to the Mount Wilson Observatory. Still in uniform, he arrived and announced that he was ready to start observing. In 1923, Hubbell made his first important discovery using the most advanced technology of the time, the 2.5-meter Hooker Telescope. Measuring the distance to pulsating stars, known as cephide variables, he discovered that they reside in galaxies outside our own. At the time, the prevailing view was that the universe consisted only of the Milky Way galaxy. Hubbell's discovery that our galaxy is just one of many forever changed the way we view our place in the universe. Following this groundbreaking discovery, Hubbell began to sort and classify the galaxies he discovered. He arranged them according to their visual appearance, into spirals, ellipticals, lenticulars and those with an irregular appearance. This became known as the Hubbell sequence and it is still the most popular system for classifying galaxies. Hubbell's greatest achievement came in 1929 when he determined that the light we receive from galaxies is redder the further away they are from us. From this, he was able to deduce that the further away a galaxy is, the faster it recedes. Named Hubbell's Law, the observational discovery of this relationship overturned the conventional view of a static universe and demonstrated that the universe itself was expanding, providing the first observational evidence for the Big Bang Theory. Hubbell spent the later part of his career, campaigning for astronomy to be recognized as an area of physics by the Nobel Prize Committee. The committee finally made astronomical work eligible for the physics prize in 1953 but Hubbell was never to know as he had died just a few months earlier. Had the decision come sooner, Hubbell may well have lived to receive one. Thirty years after Edwin Hubbell's death, NASA and the European Space Agency christened their new space telescope after Edwin Hubbell. Hubbell was the obvious choice when naming a new observatory that would revolutionize the field of astronomy. Edwin Hubbell changed our perception of the universe and our place within it and his spirit of discovery lives on today through the Hubbell Space Telescope. Now that you've caught up with Hubbell, make sure to get the latest from the ground too. The ESOcast highlights the best of the European Southern Observatory and its powerful telescopes that observe from high in the Chilean Andes at the Southern Hemisphere's best known sites for astronomical observations. One science leak. I guess you're about the only person around that doesn't have TV coverage of the scene. That's all right, I don't mind a bit. You've got the flag up now. You can see the stars. I'm going to pick up now. Are you getting a TV picture now, Hampton? Neil, yes, we are getting a TV picture. You're going to have to go in now. That's one small step for man.


and you can feel with which finger and see if you can get along. D-mark head with the side fingers to see whether it's on. Still breathing? Yeah, so he's breathing, breathing. He's breathing. He's breathing. Oh! Is there another way you can...


I'll be hating them, but it's like it's legal now. Cause you guys can create a Bitcoin yourself.  Yeah, we on boss talk one on one.  A lot of what I'm saying. Track it for real. Track it for. Yeah. So you said Bitcoin. Yeah. Right. See, that's the thing about Rick Ross. That's the thing about the boss, the metaverse crypto. Y'all getting so much money where you at? Where you at? Show us. And I don't mean. Oh, I'm trying to make money, man. I got a lot of money and you don't need that fake money. But show us, show my homies what the metaverse about. One of y'all big boy crypto dudes, guru crypto. Pitch it, take us up up and say, this is what we going to do, Rosé. Well, yeah. Yeah, everybody giggling, looking. All that fake rich money where it said. Bitcoin was 170,000. Now it's 60. Well, how much it really worth? Right. What is the what is the real worth of it? They've been trying to get me in a big car for a minute. Listen, they said when Bitcoin was the thousand dollars. I could have got that's what you didn't get.  Tell me what it is. I need to guarantee it's a gamble. I know it's a gamble. They don't want to tell you it's a gamble. Everything you do is a gamble. But it's it's it's it's investing in a ghost stock. That. Oil is always always going to be oil. Medicine is going to be medicine. Ham is going to be ham. It's going to vary, but it's always be there. AT&T, Coke, all these products are going to always be there. But when your product goes from 40,000 to 78,000 up and down, then then what is that? That's for one coin. I can't lose, man. I'm like, give them 10,000 to get in. I said, OK, you know what? I'm trying to figure out, like, it's serious. You're not even getting in. I got the old men calling me saying, we making millions doing it. And he told me, he told me, he said, if you give me 10 in three days, it'll be 30,000. I said, you serious? I'm going to get 30. You know why? Because why won't he just do it himself? It was a guy sitting there. He was setting him up. We was in that area, I'm like, all I need is 10,000. You said you could make 15,000 in 20 seconds. If I give you 20, do I make 60? No, because he's doing that. But it sounds too good to be true in you, Leo. But show us, show my homies what the metaverse about.  Bitch, you take us up up and say, this is what we going to do, Rose. Well, yeah, huh? Yeah, everybody giggling, looking right. All that fake rich money, where is it? Have you ever heard of dope music? They got cocaine over here for 15 cents for a kilo. Why are you telling me? You're about to be over there. You're about to be over there.  No, I was in it. Have you ever seen a football game and the other players like, we about to run a 54 split? Why are you telling me your flames, brother? I'm going to do what? OK. Oh, you want me to be rich, too? Well, why don't you do me a favor? You take your money, invest it for me. And then when it may get, you just give it. Since you want to give it away. It's a new pyramid hustle. And that's what I hate, I hate them. Everything is all pyramid. Everything is all pyramid. I'll be hating them. But it's like it's legal now. Because you guys can create a bitcoin yourself. You call it boss talk bitcoin. Bitcoin. You know, it's up to 30,000. Whatever you're going to get, whatever you get people to believe in, that's what it becomes. Now, it ain't the brick and mortar now. It's what you say, because everything is invisible.


You write the first law for closed systems there is an assumption that you have elementary concepts of q and w straightened out but you are always in conflict about them. There is an assumption of continuum that it is not made up of molecules it is actually made up of molecules but you do not recognize that simply say that any time you are dealing with the system you are dealing with such a large number of molecules that any change in density is can be treated as continuous actually the molecules are either that many a plus 1 or minus 1 you cannot change it continuously but the change of plus 1 or minus 1 in 10 to the power 23 molecules is so small that you can treat it as differential. So you make that assumption and treat as far as the classical thermodynamics is concerned treats matter as if it was continuous all the variables are continuous you assume that there are measurable quantities like p, v, t and you have the empirical evidence that reproduce the state of a system you need to measure in a pure substance only two of the three quantities if you measure p and t all these are not written down here all these are implicit in your entire treatment. So then you can say given all that in addition to all that I discovered that there is a quantity u such that du is a perfect differential although it is the difference of two quantities which are not perfect differential that is an achievement to say that took nearly 2000 years because people had sort of vaguely groped and said various things then june came along with this calorie meter and asserted that that was true. So it became a hypothesis and so far it is not been contradicted at all the second law was even more subtle to discover it took but after the discover although the second law came before the first law entire discovery of the concept of entropy energy although it was not well defined it was understood reasonably well people were using energy as if it was a state variable they did not define it in calculus but they understood it quite well entropy was much more difficult concept it is really amazing that somebody should after a lot of work cumulation of knowledge discover that there is a differential quantity called ds which can be produced by dividing delta q by absolute temperature. So the whole idea of introducing an absolute temperature and proving that it is the only factor that will produce a perfect differential out of a non perfect differential delta q that is sort of asymmetric there is nothing common about it no if not delta q then cannot you do the same thing with delta w you cannot nobody has done it. So if you discover another property where you take a path dependent quantity divide it by an absolute quantity and produce a perfect differential you can apply for a noble price right away. So far nobody else has done it in the whole history of mind kind that it is the only case where you have found a perfect differential therefore you have found another property s with which you can deal exactly as you dealt with p v t etc. Then there are elementary properties like p v t ideal gas that came from gailus axe measurements you know you take the volume and you produce an absolute temperature and that absolute temperature for an ideal gas at which the volume is 0 is – 273 degree C so that is an empirical information number of volts again you think you can identify the species you can measure them you can do it reproducibly. So those are elementary properties I must also say q and w are taken as elementary concepts I should have drawn a box there in the first one you can add a box elementary concepts like q and w the difficult thing there again in the development was that q and w are equivalent according to joule but are different and there are exactly two ways in which energy can be exchanged with the surroundings no more than two ways otherwise you could not have written down this law if there was a third way you have to produce another symbol and add to it and again you are ready for a noble price if you find it then you have you applied it to Carnot's ideal engine you applied the concept of entropy you came up with reversible engines in the maximum possible efficiency and then it turns out that T was equal to T ideal gas that that already been of course the whole of thermodynamics will go through if T was equal to alpha times T ideal gas or alpha is any constant it is just luck that alpha was chosen to be one then work done in PV systems is always defined by PDV it is a concept of mechanical work and we put that concept in and then derive various properties we also introduce auxiliary properties we have u and s plus p v t etc by combining those in various forms you produce other properties these are not independent properties they are combinations of existing properties now these properties you use you write for close systems therefore you are able to write differential equations first order differential equations describing the change in internal energy the change in enthalpy change in Helmholtz free energy and so on and by putting down the inequality sign which is what the second law told you the second law is basically in inequality you are able to come up with fundamental equations for close systems having done that in order to extend it to open systems you allowed change in the number of moles so you simply wrote dg is equal to for example minus s d t plus v d p plus mu i d n i right simultaneously you went back to calculus and wrote the other equation for any extensive property that is d m is partial of m with respect to t d t plus partial of m with respect to p d p plus mi bar d n i one example of that is this now you have a criterion of equilibrium you ask under t and p when is the system at equilibrium and you showed that for example if t p are constant g should be minimum or dg is 0 incidentally in all of this there is another thing that you have taken on faith which is the law of conservation of mass which again has not been contradicted so far so you have to put that in you have to put the criterion of equilibrium and derive expressions for phase equilibrium simply put two phases together and ask that the combined two phases be at equilibrium similarly you asked about chemical equilibrium if formulation is always mu i mu i is equal to 0 or if you have multiple equations mu i j mu i is equal to 0 and you found RT l n k is equal to minus delta g 0 delta g 0 contained everything that you do not know but you isolated quantities that are functions only of temperature on the right hand side so essentially what you said was k at one temperature is a constant regardless of the pressure and that is a very useful concept to have then you have d of delta g 0 by t is equal to delta h 0 and then similarly d of delta h 0 by dt is delta c p so you have to measure delta c p c p 0 is the ideal gas specific it you have to know it is a function temperature you have to know delta h 0 at one temperature c p 0 you have to know at one temperature for all as a function of temperature you have to integrate that to get delta h 0 c p 0 you have to know as a function of temperature at all temperatures as far as phase equilibrium is concerned you got rid of mu 0 and therefore you had all measurable quantities you simply play games with these equations because the equations I have written down here are for solvent systems for solvent solute systems you have to give different models in do the equation now on the right hand side again the number of properties required to specify the state of a system is a completely empirical quantity told you there is a Gibbs phase rule but the phase rule assumes that you know the number of components in the number of phases and you may not be able to in macroscopic thermodynamics you may not be always able to take the number of phases for example in solid solid as long as a distinct phase solid liquid vapor you are very clever just look at it and say there are three phases but if there are three solid phases you are in trouble you will know simply the structure may be different you only if you look at it in the microscope you will know so the number of properties required to specify the state of a system is always an empirical quantity we have known from experience at a pure component single phase system there are two variables that required to specify the state of a system similarly in each case you know the number you can use the Gibbs phase rule if provided you know the number of components in the number of phases then of course the Gibbs phase rule is very rigorous then you then again big make the postulation that some quantities are intensive some quantities are extensive intensive variables do not vary with the size of the system T and P are alright Mi bar the partial molal property is also an intensive variable that is an assertion in fact in nano systems where the number of molecules is very small this is no longer true in the whole of classical thermodynamics will break down in the way in which you use it if you go to systems with small number of molecules because then the changes are not continuous you no longer have the applicability of the continuum but on the does not mean you have to throw away all the concepts you have to rework it and a lot of it withhold but with some reservations for example the fact that Mi bar the partial molal property is independent of the size of the system will no longer be true so you cannot do the simple integration that you already did so you have to divide properties in intensive and extensive and what you do is then you are able to integrate the fundamental equation we wrote the fundamental equation DG is equal to for example minus SDT plus VDP plus mu IDNI you integrate this equation and produce the Gibbs-Duhem equation I have got the next step is you have you prove that M is equal to Ni Mi bar for all macroscopic systems and then we have asserted in particular Mi bar for M equal to G is the chemical potential it is so important that we give it a name it comes again and again we have we have already asserted that Mi bar is a function only of TP X1 to XR minus 1 only of the mole fractions not of mole numbers given that you can derive a Gibbs-Duhem equation which is the equivalent of composition variables of the equation that gives you for composition variables sum over XI equal to 1 instead of that you get a more complicated equation for chemical potentials but remember while the Gibbs-Duhem equations as I have written them down are actually R minus 1 equations because for every J you will get one equation the solution to it lies there is only one independent function there so if I know G XS I can calculate all the others so the nature of the equation because the first order ordinary differential equations they lead to a single solution provided you know one function as a function of a composition which is delta which is G XS or G so if you know one mixture property as a function of composition then you can calculate all the others you think the Gibbs-Duhem equation therefore mixing becomes very important is central in thermodynamics so you ask what are the models for mixing I have that here in the bottom row you have models for G XS so that essentially has to do with mixing this is for the condensed phase for the gas phase you avoid the whole thing because solving the Gibbs-Duhem equation for the chemical potential is equivalent to solving the Gibbs-Duhem equations for the partial model volume and the partial volume is measurable so you do not bother to solve the Gibbs-Duhem equations for the gas phase the partial model volume can be solved for either from empirical data you can measure it or from equations of state you can go to Van der Waals equation of state the Ridley-Kohm equation of state and derive expressions for VI bar and from VI bar you can calculate VI so you got the chemical potential model which satisfies the Gibbs-Duhem equation so if a vapor you write mu i is equal to mu i 0 plus RT ln Fi Fi is simply P yi times Vi and RT ln Vi is integral Vi bar minus RT by P dp so if you know VI bar you know mu i bar you know Vi and therefore you know mu i for liquid you write mu i star plus RT ln x1 I am going to do the next one from the next class I will discuss this case of electrolytes or solutes where it is more convenient to use molality as a measure unit of measurement rather than the mole fraction but in all these cases you have liquid 1 gamma i equal to 1 when xi goes to 1 that is the solvent components the solute components gamma i goes to 1 when xi goes to 0 and finally the third type of solid components and molality xi goes to 0 it means very dilute solutions a molality of 1 is a very dilute solution you are talking of 1 mole of solute for 1000 grams of solvent therefore you have the molality units and a very dilute solution you are saying gamma i goes to 1 so use that and then all the time you can do manipulations because you have introduced a redundancy in thermodynamics by introducing three additional functions H A and G at originally you had only U and S along with PVT you introduced H A and G so instead of two variables you have introduced three others so there is a Phi C 2 redundancy in thermodynamics H A G are additionally introduced they are only combinations of U S and other properties so to that extent every equation in thermodynamics has Phi C 2 equivalent in fact if you allow permutations that is if you put one in the denominator doing asking for G with respect to P you can ask P with respect to G so if you allow permutations you are talking of Phi C Phi P 3 is even larger number so that is the number you have in terms of combinations and permutations actually in principle what you do is take PVT H A G U and S means 8 out of 8 any three variables are the independent variables so there are 8 C 3 ways of writing every equation in thermodynamics in principle that is why when people list Maxwell's relations it is meaningless it is absurd to go on listing them you simply recognize that if you take any three variables as the base variables and write the differential equations you can produce Maxwell relations of any kind you want so Maxwell relations you produce whenever you need them you write down what the independent variables are and in the purpose of all this manipulation is first thing is to understand the overall picture as I told you thermodynamics is so general that even the all the models in if you ever go to astrophysics we will discover that their model for the universe is that of an ideal gas and therefore when they calculate your background radiation they do it from PV power gamma is equal to constant because the planets are very small compared to the intervening space so you can treat them like point particles it is all a matter of scale and in that scale you have a large number of non-interacting point particles practically ideal gas that you can describe systems the way they are in fact I do not know I mentioned it.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casebreaks.com. That's me and that is 2017-2018 Panini Opulence Basketball. One box, random team break number four. Some 2017 edition, RIP Kobe Bryant. Everyone gets a team, pretty high end set. It says introducing. So I think maybe this might have been the first year of that. Big thanks to all of these folks for getting into the action. And thanks to all the people who bought their spots straight up up here and congrats again to the people who won their spots. Down here. And there are all the teams right there. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it. Four and a five, nine times for names and teams. One, two, see you, Ryan Harold. Four and a ninth and final time. After nine times, four and a five, nine times. We've got Andrew R down to Brian C. Four and a five, nine times for the teams. One, two, thanks, Brett. And a ninth and final time. After nine times, Lakers down to the Sixers. Yeah, Brett, we try to keep it so fresh and so clean. Clean.  All right. Andrew with my Lakers. World champs. Steve, Magic, Scott with the Bucks. Arthur with the Celtics. Sean with the Raptors. Michael with the Kings. Yancy with the T-Wills. Daria with the Hawks. Kang with the Mavs. Sean with the Sons. Kevin with the Knicks. Yancy with the Clippers. Wizards for JC. Spurs for Ben. Sam with the Jazz. Bulls for Michael. Ron with the Hornet. Nuggets for Ben. JC with the Trailblazers. Brian with the Rockets. Steve Birch with the Golden State Warriors. John L with the Cavs. Eastwood with the Thunder. Sean, Magic with the Grizz. Jack with the Nets. Heat for Oliver. Kang with the Pelicans. Pacers for Sean. Pistons for Chris. And Brian with the Sixers. Before you trade, remember, 2017, 2018. Before you start wildly trading. Let's sort by column B. So, 2017 should be Tatum. Tatum Mitchell. Yeah, Mark Helfoltz, Lonzo Ball, Jason Tatum, Josh Jackson, De'Aaron Fox, Laurie Markinin, Bam out of bio, Donovan Mitchell. So on and so forth. So on and so forth. All right, while you're considering trades, I'm gonna flip away from the screen for just a second and bust this open right here. Or sorry, 17, 18 opulence. That's just the ear that it came out. There's my knife right there. And there should be three boxes in here. Jostle this box, last box, there we go. We'll go on the dice roll. We'll go one, two, three, four, five, six. And use that die right there. Good luck boxes. And five, one, two, three, four, five, six. Bottom box right here. So we're gonna put X's right there so you know that they're from the same case. We only have this one case anyway.  They do personal boxes there. All right, I'm gonna pause the video. When we come back, we're gonna see if there's any trades and then the breaks stick around. All right, welcome back folks. There was a deal. Dario and Chris Lombardo made a deal in the chat. Chris is now out of the piston spot and into the hawk spot. We'll put a T next to there for trade. And Dario now has the pistons right there. We'll put T there for trade as well. Now we can print and rip. We've got a Trinity football break coming up right after this. And then late night with Sean Jaspe, folks. So keep your orders coming on jaspescasebreaks.com. We have another one box break of this. In fact, I'm gonna add a filler break to this as soon as I finish this or finish the Trinity break too. I don't know why this is angled a little weird. Look at that. You all right printer? A little indigestion for the printer. All right, so there you go. So sideways here. You need to bring these orange boxes back in opulence. I think these look really sharp. It's a cool color. It's got a nice place to have the thumbs right here. Card slide out really nice. Without catching it all, look at that. All right, good luck. Right off the top is Jimmy Butler Timberwolves edition. It goes to Yancy and the T Wolves. And that is eight out of 79. We've got Reggie Jackson for the Pistons. That's gonna go to Dario. That is 49 out of 79. Up top, Bradley Beale. Washington Wizards, that goes to JC.  Is it Harry Potter season? Isn't that, aren't those, do we consider Harry Potter Christmas movies? One out of 10 on that. You do have Christmas scenes there. Three color patch and autograph. We love it. Kevin Love. Cavs, that's gonna go to John. John Leon Tachianacos. I think I got it. Five out of 10. We've got an on-card autograph. Matthew Delavidova. Milwaukee Bucks. That's gonna be for Scott Blackwell in the Bucks. 20 out of 49. Remember, we got another box of this in the store right now. Jaspy'scasebrakes.com if you're watching live. We've got Alfred Payton. And that is Sun's edition of Alfred Payton. More secure top motor here. There we go. Three out of 10. Alfred Payton, Sun's edition. But with his old team patch in there. Jersey and Otto, we've got Kembo Walker. Nice. Hornets edition. I feel like you don't see a lot of Kembo Walker ink, right? Charlotte Hornets. Ron Held. Eight out of 49. Two-color Jersey and autograph. Rookie Jersey and Otto, that's Justin Patton for the Timberwolves. That's gonna be for Yancey. 72 out of 79 down there. And we have Rookie Otto Zoo Key. 15 out of 79. With the Rockets for half a second. Actually, back in 2017, this guy was actually selling really well. He's back in China now. Like just killing it in the Chinese basketball league. We looked it up a while ago. Brian Croft. Yeah, Oliver knows. Brian Croft, Rockets. 15 out of 79. Allen Iverson. Nice, the answer. We're talking about practice. Not a game. Talking about practice. Brian Croft with the 76ers. One of my favorite non-laker players. 10 out of 35. There you go, nice AI. And a nice box, ladies and gentlemen. We've got, there's two more from this case that we just popped open. The next one box break is in the store. Check it out on jazpiececasebreaks.com. I'm Joe, and I'll see you next time for the next one. Bye-bye.


Hey everyone, Shaber1000 here. I can't sleep. Okay, so When I say I can't sleep what I mean is not just tonight. I mean I can't sleep easy to go to to sleep Around between 5 and 6 a.m. Get up between 10 and 11 a.m. So And that's not a solid sleep like I don't go to sleep at 6 and wake up at 11 or whatever I mean, it's a broken sleep so It's only midnight right now. So I'm gonna do a little project that I've done with my kids and In fact, I think I've seen it done on YouTube, I think household hacker remember that channel. I think he they did it like 34 years ago But wonder whatever happened and they haven't uploaded in like two years, so but anyway I Think it was around Christmastime Maybe Thanksgiving time. I broke one of monkey's wine glasses. So I'm gonna make her one Out of this So let's get you down here Some of the stuff I do just you know, I mean, I don't You guys that know me there's no rhyme or reason why I do the things I do sometimes I just You know, I just do them Okay, hopefully you can see all right And I would like to thank today's sponsor for this no actually they're not I don't even drink this stuff Her mom does I think she does once in a while but so No, there's no sponsor there. I'm just kidding guys My trusty razor knife here monkey bought me several years ago Doesn't look I might have used it once but Keep forgetting I got the thing Think this is a sears So I'm just gonna cut this off of here This is not the ideal ideal one would be the long necks like the water bottles that have the long skinnier neck Would look more like a wine glass of course, you might want to Spend more time than what I am With it, but it's fun to do for your kid, you know with your kids You know get that stuff off of it and everything So what we're gonna do first I think there's a line right down here at the bottom of this Man lighting is not very good in here.  They'll Mark the line. It's like Wait, you know, you don't have to mark it if you can see it. I mean, it's the same thing, right? so Yeah, I'm just gonna come around this On this line here Try to make this one as straight as you can Yeah, that's gonna be our base. It's not real straight, but Also what you can do once you cut this off I'm Take an iron that you iron clothes with just kind of touch it on there and go like this it'll round that smooth that over I don't have an iron. Well, that's not true. I do have an iron It's in our selling stuff. I haven't brought it out in a while But it was bought at a PX which is like a store on the base of a Military base or something where you go buy stuff This thing's never been used and it still has the receipt in there and how much it cost from 1984 or 1986 still in the box box is a little faded, but Some good shade. I mean, it's not all ripped up or anything Yeah, just make it, you know, it's not perfect But like I said, if you if you have an iron you can do that and it'll it'll really make it Really make it straight for you. Wow. I forgot something. I had it my hand hang on Yep, it sure was right where I put it just piece of sandpaper That's annoying Get the idea kind of clean that up Make it look nice Now what we're gonna do, I don't know if I I want to do it like that or not You know what I'm gonna cut this around here Especially up around here, you know, you wanted to smooth as you can get it and then Like I say run it across something warm or hot don't melt it just Whoa, sorry Sorry for headphone people But you know, just kind of like like if this is the iron just kind of take it and You know what I mean? Just real quick on it like that And it'd be all right So I'm gonna Yeah, I think it might have been around Thanksgiving time, but it was up there You know where she does the dishes and the dish strainer and Excuse me And I went to fall off Well when I went to grab it and to keep it falling on to the tile floor I snapped the stem off of it So for Christmas, yeah, that must have been around Thanksgiving because I remember for Christmas She only had one after that She had run down Do I think she ran down to the dollar general and bought? but Bought another one so her mom could have her have their toast Their Christmas toast screw that on pretty tight like that then We're gonna hot glue this on there like this You know get as straight as you can You can work it if you want. I'm just eyeballing it and there is our little wine glass So what I'm gonna do I'm gonna make another one out of this water bottle here. It's kind of the same shape Only See that one comes off really nice kind of the same shape. It's a little different This time we're gonna cut it off at this bottom one right here and This one right here, so that's got a dent in it. It's got a dent in it try to blow it out It is but keeps going back in Okay, so That line is kind of hard to see But I'm gonna speed you up through this one So we're gonna make this one a little shorter So let's do this So I got two of them This this one here feels a little thinner because it took longer It kept wanting to go to the side when I put hot glue on it This one's a little bit stronger It's a lot stronger than this But like I said You know to have tea parties or whatever with your kids It's kind of cool Just make sure you got you get this nice and smooth. I Don't think it's gonna cut you at all just Like I said, if you can melt the ends you can also You know then of course force it out, but she can also take a A soldering gun and kind of go around it real fast if you want So there's two We'll make another one and I'll be back with you. Well, we got a trim out right at least one of them. Yeah, so there you go 1222 I don't know why I do some of the things that do but I did it And it's fun. It's fun for the kids. I Actually had fun sitting here doing this So I don't know what the title is going to be but you've probably already seen it. So very nice And I got them pretty flat too because they don't See it stays right where it doesn't wobble Haha Cute. All right guys. Thanks for watching. I appreciate it. Shea Berry the myth man alleged. I'm gone for now We'll see you guys in the next one. Bye. Bye and take care


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss a question which says that if x square plus p x plus q is equal to 0 and x square plus q x plus p is equal to 0 have a common root, root that either p is equal to q or 1 plus p plus q is equal to 0. Now we will start with the solution. Here the two equations are given as x square plus p x plus q is equal to 0 and x square plus q x plus p is equal to 0. And let us take this equation as 1 and this equation as 2. Now let alpha be the common root of the given equations. If alpha be the common root of the given equations then equation number 1 will become alpha square plus p alpha plus q is equal to 0 and equation number 2 will become alpha square plus q alpha plus p is equal to 0. Now let us take this equation as 3 and this equation as 4.  Now here alpha square will be cancelled with alpha square so this implies p alpha minus q alpha plus q minus p is equal to 0. Now this implies combining these two terms and these two terms it will give p minus q the whole into alpha from here taking minus common it will be minus common bracket p minus q is equal to 0. This implies p minus q the whole into alpha minus 1 the whole is equal to 0. Now either minus q is equal to 0 or alpha minus 1 is equal to 0. Now if p minus q is equal to 0 then this implies p is equal to q if alpha minus 1 is equal to 0 then this implies alpha is equal to 1. Now putting alpha is equal to 1 in equation number 3 we get 1 square plus p into 1 plus q is equal to 0. So we have substituted the value of alpha is equal to 1 in equation number 3. This implies 1 square is 1 plus p into 1 is p plus q is equal to 0 therefore p is equal to q or 1 plus p plus q is equal to 0 hence proved. So this is the solution of the given question and that's all for this session. Hope you all have enjoyed the session.


The great search brought to you by a different did you key? Thanks. Did you key every single week? Lady of the user powers of engineering to help you find parts that you're looking for on digikey.com lady? Oh, what is this week's great search? I'm glad you asked this one. I'm pulling it up right now So this week's great search. You'll never believe it. It's a part that's no longer available I also I want to use this sort of as an excuse to look into and research some a Class of sensors that is a near and dear to my heart, but you know, there's it's always kind of like funky learning about them, which is gas and volatile organic compound sensors So the board that we've been making we can maybe go to the computer Is the CCS 811? This is actually one of the first You know low-cost I squared C gas sensors available. There are gas sensors that are analog Let's see this where if you guess sensors, there's like this This is a traditional kind of gas sensor. It's you know an analog output You have to turn on the heater and you have to kind of do a little management and then read it What's nice is that since you know, these these sensors are quite good and they're that's what this is how you measure gases Depending on how the sensors doped It can measure, you know, I think carbon oxide and alcohols and ethanes and usually they makes a whole you know Like my nitrogen oxides, whatever they they usually can sense a whole bunch of things at once Even an analog output and they have to be calibrated But for a lot of people they just want to measure like air quality like, you know, is is their alcohol or gas in the area? This is different than carbon dioxide sensors, which are also gas sensors, but they usually use a different methodology We you know, we have a couple co2 sensors that the good ones that I really like are the scd-30 and the scd-40 scd-30 is you know an amazing gas sensor it has You know an ndir sensor Tube and it's like really well calibrated and they're very very good sensors and they're true co2 sensors Most other sensors are kind of they guess the co2 based on volatile organic compounds So So usually when you do gas you know a sensor like the You know SGP 30 for example it'll say volatile organic compounds and fe co2 effective co2 So it's it's kind of trying to guess calculate the co2 based on The volatile organic compounds it's not true, but it does it does a fairly good job But you know these are usually used at you know air quality sensors indoor and outdoor Not particulate, but for gases Also lots of scientific Use case as well, but so as I mentioned that the CCS 811 was a classic one One of the first ones people whether liked it But and we know for now we recommend the SGP 30 which is a pretty good sensor in it as an alternative It's no longer manufactured. So, you know, there is an alternative for this chip the Hold on they Recommend Substitutes they recommend the ENS 160 which I think is made by the same company Which is also a great sensor the bad news is that You're like what am I gonna get some and it's like, you know, like happy new year 2023 Which you know what and I'm happy I will when that happens I will I will probably pick some up and we'll we'll make a breakout for this and all is good But I wanted to find another gas sensor. Maybe in the meantime What like while while I wait for this to to pop into stock. So Let's go to the gas sensor Category and I'm also, you know, it's interesting. I'm not looking for a direct replacement I'm just kind of like seeing like what's what's up in this category. So it's so kind of like a little vague I'm looking for active designed only because That's where I'm at and you know, I'm not actively looking again. I have other gas sensors So it's something that's normally stocking. It doesn't have to be, you know in stock today One thing that I did notice I just sorted by you know quantity available is A bunch of CO2 sensors popped up, which is which is fine But I actually I don't I don't want CO2 sensors or again, they're they're kind of different than air quality sensors So I selected everything and then I um, I unselected carbon dioxide That got me about 200 200 things So a couple good things. So, you know the SGP 40 This is a sensor that I've used It's kind of the next jet of the SGP 30. That's a good sensor You know, you can get data out of it. It does have This kind of secondary library that you used to actually do some some calculations That's not unusual There's also apparently the SGP 41, which I didn't know about so I'm actually gonna check this out because it's like I'm assuming this is some improved version of the SGP 40 there's the SCD 40 CO2 sensor which still made it through And then there was this kind of interesting the Z mods. What's interesting is I'd heard of these But you know, I'm kind of fast in whenever I see something with 25,000 pieces in stock It did you key because it's kind of like oh, this must be like somewhat popular because they wouldn't Not stock that many of something if it wasn't and so I was kind of like Interested in looking at this a little bit more So do that in a moment and there's a couple in that family as well. And then like you see there's the Z mod 4 4 50 4 4 4 5 1 0 You know a version B version There's a couple of these There's the send 50 which actually contains an SGP 41 We covered this on IMP I earlier But really it looks like the Zeemans are kind of like taken over like there's the SGPs and there's the SCDs But but these are the most interesting so What's cool about these is they're from Renaissance who who does make sensors and such Let's see if I can load up the data sheet If not, I will I'll just go to the Okay, so it's outdoor air quality sensor platform So what's interesting about this sensor is For interfacing at least it's I squared C So that's that's kind of good.  I squared C is pretty standard Not worried about being able to communicate with it the The interesting thing is it does Various measurements looks like it measures like nitrogen dioxide ozone Air quality it's got, you know, it's a mox resistant sensor like all of these are and One of the things about mox sensors I will say just because you know, I've used them a couple times is Like that analog sensor I showed you earlier, there's not a lot going on with these like They are pretty much all made the same way There's a few patents that expired probably and so people are making more of them but like the concept is the same like once you kind of dope it you get this gas resistance and You know, you you have to calibrate a little bit you have to normalize it But you pretty much are just tracking this resistance and trying to convert that into You know a semi calibrated output of what the air quality is So there's good news and bad news about that one good news is that you know technically once the patents expired people know how to make these It's it's not too difficult to just manufacture these Gas sensors the problem is is that there is in the you know as an outsider looking in it seems like because that The technology is quite simple like not simple, but it's you're just getting resistance value and then You know you you you track that and do it whatever you need to with it the firmware the stuff that actually reads that resistance and Calculates that to something is usually Either baked into the chip like the SGP 30 or for more complicated stuff. It's kind of this external Processor and it reminds me a little bit of 9-doll sensors or 6-doll sensors where you know You get accelerometer and gyro data or magnetometer data, but then you have to fusion it together And that's where intellectual property kind of comes in and becomes a firmware issue So, you know I looked into this and it's an interesting chip But but here's the deal You know the data sheets is Actually kind of empty. There's like really you know usually you open a she's like Registers and pins and bits and all that there's there's kind of nothing here They always have this like standard I squared C Diagram, and it's like if you've never heard of I squared C before like you read all about it, and they always are like hey You use you there's a stop it. It's like yeah cool, but then there's nothing after that because what you're expected to do is you down you have to submit a request to get the Firmware and the firmware comes as a binary blob that you then link in with your Application so you know they have binaries for like most popular platforms like You know arm cortex and zeros and expressive chips You don't get to see the code you you you feed it You know you feed it the data and out pops this algorithmic thing also reminds me a little bit of capacitive touch like Microchip does the same thing with Q-touch Capacitive touch is just a capacitive read. There's not there's not a lot going on There's a couple different ways of doing the waveform, but for the most part You reading capacitive data and it floats around and then it spikes and it goes down So the intellectual property is how you filter that data and they'd want to control that and so You know these days when you get Q-touch, it's not on the chip giving you raw data instead. You have to I mean you can't get through our data sometimes but they sort of hide that instead You're supposed to use this binary interface so You know, it's interesting seeing how sensors have have changed One thing I do like about Sincere in is they don't have that like when you when you use their sensors They really do pop out in I squared C whatever data you need. It's there.  You'll see it's like, you know 315 instead of 510 or whatever But in exchange what they do is they don't have a powerful processor on the chip You have to use this binary blob instead. So, you know, it's it's interesting especially for people who are used to temperature humidity sensors that are just very simplistic in their functionality to sensors that really are mostly a front end To a firmware Processing system and you need, you know, I don't think that maybe they have a library for AVR 8 bit But you know, they probably kind of require Cortex-M0 to do a lot of this calculation And it's of course under NDA. So, you know, it's interesting. I want to take a look at this chip And you know, maybe I can see if they've released a Library that I can use because it's gonna be tough for me to write a library when the firmware is under NDA but we'll We'll see what's possible. So this is the the Zmod 4510 I guess this is the new this is the new new way of this sensor. So folks gotta get used to it That's a great search


My name is Michael Wesley, I'd like to welcome you all to the second Australia 360 event. Before I start I'd like to pay our respects to the traditional owners of the land on which we meet the Ngunnawal people and pay our respects to their elders past and present. Thank you so much all for being here today. Can I issue a particular thank you to our partners Westpac Bicentennial Foundation and issue a special welcome to all of the Westpac scholars who join us today. You are very welcome. This is the Bell School's chance to look at the world that Australia finds itself in and to ask the question, how is Australia travelling in today's world? But just how do you assess a country's international position? Should it be by weight of activity? Is a hyperactive foreign policy with one initiative after another evidence of a favourable international position? Or is it the opposite, where a record of masterly inactivity can be taken as evidence that the country has its international affairs under control? Or should one look for a country's memberships? Is a country in a better position when it has memberships of any or all organisations that will accept it? Or more trade agreements and defence packs with other countries? Or are the countries with fewer of these commitments more in control of their own international destiny? How about centrality? The number of developments, crises or initiatives that a country is central to? Or is being able to avoid crises and controversies a better gauge of success? Or should one look at what a country is able to extract from the international arena? Wealth security, concessions or a stable legal predictability? Or should it be not about what a country can extract but what it can contribute to global public goods? Beyond the question of how do you measure success or failure is the question of over what period you should try and assess a country's international position. One common way is to think in terms of eras, world wars, cold wars, unipolar moments. Another is by government administrations, assessing the stewardship of national affairs by one country or another in government. The third periodisation tends to be generational. As we get older, we often look back on past golden ages and judge the present harshly according to these memories. Australia 360 chooses to assess Australia's international position on a year-on-year basis. This is a much shorter timeframe than eras, administrations or generations. Some might say that given the frequency with which we've been changing governments for the last decade or so, these days a year seems like an era or a generation. But more seriously, awaiting the passing of eras, administrations or generations to judge our international policy seems to me to be letting our foreign policy makers off the hook. Compared with other areas of Australia's public policy which are assessed rigorously and constantly, our foreign policy makers are subjected to very light scrutiny. Australia 360 is intended as an annual audit of this country's international position. What's worked and what hasn't over the past year and what challenges and opportunities lie ahead for us. As we look back and cast forward in this way, it also gives us grist for thinking about what criteria we should be using to assess the health of Australia's international position. If we cast our minds back to the middle of 2015, the weight of Australia's attention was focused on two ongoing challenges. The first was the war against ISIS in Iraq and Syria and the attendant terrorist attacks in Europe, North America and the Middle East. Australia has been involved in attacking ISIS positions using air power since October 2014. However, since that initial commitment, the war has become much more complicated. Russia and Turkey have become involved in the war and despite claiming to be committed to defeating ISIS have very different end games in mind for Syria and are therefore bolstering different allies from each other and from Western interests. Russia and Iran have found common cause in backing the regime forces of Bashar al-Assad against anti-regime rebels backed by Turkey, the West and the Sunni regimes of the Gulf. In this highly complex situation, Australian policy has evolved in a highly pragmatic direction while staying strongly committed to the fight. On the one hand, Foreign Minister Julie Bishop has spearheaded a warming of Australian-Iranian relations, facilitating a swap of foreign ministers visits. Australia is a strong advocate of the Iran nuclear deal acting quickly to take advantage of the commercial opportunities presented by the loosening of economic sanctions on Iran. But Bishop has been very clear that she intends the Australian-Iran relationship to be also about the war against ISIS, as well as stemming the flow of asylum seekers from Iran. Australia, perhaps more quickly than any other US ally, has realised that Iran is a central player in the future stability of Iraq and Syria and in the region's resilience to ISIS and its fellow travellers. This in turn reflects what appears to be a crystal clear set of priorities and judgements by the Australian government on the conflict in Iraq and Syria. First, that the key objective is to defeat ISIS. Second, that the other internecine conflicts in Iraq and Syria are impeding the war against ISIS. And third, finding a pragmatic compromise between all other parties internal and external to the conflicts can agree is essential for the comprehensive defeat of the main enemy. This is a clarity of vision that has eluded most other parties to this war. It has led Bishop to publicly disagree with her American counterpart, John Kerry, who continues to believe that allied strategies are going to battle ISIS and Assad. The challenge for the Australian government is to convince its allies of the wisdom of its own position in the year ahead. Because the best hope ISIS has at this stage of perpetuating its caliphate is that all of the forces arrayed against it are more focused on fighting each other. The second ongoing challenge confronting Australia's international interests in mid-2015 was the territorial standoffs in the east and south China seas. These confrontations are about much more than territoriality or resources. Were they simply about such divisible commodities, they would have been amenable to division and compromise. Central to both standoffs is China's sense of maritime vulnerability, particularly to the ability of the United States and its allies to navigate through its coastal waters, which wash onto China's most populous and productive provinces. Key to addressing this vulnerability is contesting the possession of what Chinese strategists call the first island chain, stretching from Japan in the north down through the Ryukus, Taiwan and the Philippines, all held by U.S. allies. China seeks sea control within this narrow strip of ocean, meaning the ability to determine who sails these waters and under what conditions. And Beijing seeks the deference of other states interested in these waters to China's wishes. At the heart of the confrontation in both the east China sea and the south China sea is concerned about why China wants to assert sea control and how China is asserting sea control. Australia finds itself somewhat conflicted over these confrontations. On the ostensible territorial disputes, Australia is a non-claimant and primly takes no position, although the Permanent Court of Arbitration decision in June now has Canberra backing the ruling that China's claims lack any basis in international law. But Australia does have issues with the prospect of sea control and the way in which it is being asserted. The frequency with which the phrase the rules-based global order occurs in this year's defence white paper speaks of a growing concern among our policymakers that the heat of Sino-American rivalry is tipping us from a benign era of uncontested American naval supremacy and freedom of navigation into a future in which Asia's vital sea lanes will be controlled by a succession of rival powers. It is in moving from worrying to acting that Australia has been less than decisive. On the one hand, Australia has been one of the most outspoken regional countries voicing concern about China's actions. On the other hand, while the government has repeatedly asserted its freedom of navigation and overflight rights in the South China Sea, it has so far demurred from conducting freedom of navigation exercises close to the artificial structures China has constructed, either alone or alongside the United States. This may reflect Canberra's sense of heightened risk, of conflict in doing so, or perhaps its sense of the ultimate futility of these actions. Because while temporarily asserting a principle, they have no material effect on China's possessions or claims. In the meantime, I believe Australia has wedged itself in a position where it can't play a more creative role in finding a solution. In loudly asserting the principle of freedom of navigation and for US exercises, Canberra has become pigeon-holed in China's perception of opponents to its claims. Meanwhile, Australia's reluctance to match its rhetoric with freedom of navigation exercises has probably convinced Beijing that we are also like many of the countries of Southeast Asia, opposed to China's actions but unwilling to put our interests on the line to make a clear point. If we are truly concerned about the prospects for the rules-based order in our region, then we have dealt ourselves into a position where we can't do much about the slow-motion Greek tragedy we're all watching with mounting concern. To my mind, a much more creative Australian position would be to be a more active player in trying to find a solution to the standoffs. China has been allowed to settle on a position in which it believes the current freedom of navigation order is incompatible with its own national interests. From this position, Beijing believes that the only way it can pursue its interests is to overturn the existing order. The more the United States, Japan, Australia and some Southeast Asian countries have a non-negotiability of the current order, the more Beijing feels it must assert its interests more forcefully. In this array of interests, there is no country that is in a position to challenge this impasse of confrontation. This should be a role that Australia considers playing. We know that China is a country that has been prepared to change its mind on international initiatives. If it has been convinced that there is a better way to achieve its ultimate interests. We saw this with the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Here was an initiative that was designed as an alternative to the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank that initially Beijing wanted to run China's way. But the protracted process of setting up the AIIB, Chinese officials were convinced by officials in countries such as Australia that the new bank would be more effective and less politicised if they adopted some of the World Bank and ADB governance principles. I believe Australia could play a much more significant role in relation to the territorial disputes in our region by seeking to convince China that it is not in its interests to bring about a future in which Asia's vital sea lanes are ruled by a succession of naval powers. In the meantime, Australia could also work with the United States and other regional countries towards a regime in which freedom of navigation did not seem so threatening to China's core interests. Asia's freedom of navigation regime, for example, could be much more restrictive on the practice of what is euphemistically called naval picture building or collecting intelligence on rivals from the safety of international sea lanes. In short, I hope we do see a more creative recalibration of Australia's position on the territorial disputes in its own region. Or we are likely to be rendering a no-progress judgment on this issue come next year's Australia 360. There's been progress on other fronts over the past year. In mid-2015, our relationship with Indonesia was stuck in one of its periodic ruts. Revelations of Australian spying on the Indonesian president, his wife, and close advisers had tipped the bilateral relationship into a state of icy distance. The execution of two Australian drug smugglers led to further estrangement. In this environment, Australia's change of prime ministers had a positive effect. In a bilateral visit to Jakarta, and during the summit season, Malcolm Turnbull showed an ability to connect with President Joko Wododo that had eluded his predecessor's best efforts. Thereafter, there was a chain of bilateral agreements between Indonesia and Australia on counter-terrorism, on terrorist financing, and on cyber security. This brings to the fore the question of whether the government has an agenda for the Australia-Indonesia relationship. The relationship works best when both sides lift their gaze from bedeviling bilateral gripes to larger strategic issues. It was Australia and Indonesia together that worked towards a leader's summit for APEC and for Bali processes on people smuggling and counter-terrorist financing. I would suggest that Australia and Indonesia should use the convergence in their interests around the changing regional order to work together on finding creative solutions to regional order challenges. Another bilateral relationship that could do with greater clarity of vision is Australia's relationship with Japan. Australian and Japan have drawn closer together over the past decade as a consequence of the erosion of American strategic primacy in Asia. Canberra and Tokyo have converged on the view that China's regional order challenge mandates a more conventional Japanese security posture than that which has been heavily constrained by a conservative interpretation of the Japanese Constitution. Along with other supportive regional countries, Australia provides Japan with diplomatic cover for loosening its Article 9 restrictions, a coalition of trusted order builders comfortable with Japanese security normalisation against fears of a resurgent Japanese militarism. The problems occur when we contemplate moving beyond this. Prime Minister Tony Abbott decided Australia should enhance Japan's normalisation by drawing it much into a much deeper security partnership. The purchase of Japanese submarines was to have been a significant move in this direction, and that was certainly how it was interpreted in Tokyo. The problem was that no one had articulated on either side what the end game of this process was. Exactly what would a closer security partnership between Australia and Japan entail? Precisely what role would each country be comfortable with the other playing in its defence posture? My interpretation is that our bilateral difficulty in enunciating the end game of our closer security partnership is because there is an asymmetry in what each side wants. Tokyo, it seems to me, would like a much more robust security partnership with clear imperatives all along the western Pacific coastline. Canberra is much more cautious. The last thing Australia wants is to be drawn into a conflict in North Asia as Sino-Japanese rivalry deepens. Indeed, our ministers have raised doubts as to whether our ANZS Security Treaty obligations would bind us in such an eventuality. So we have a dilemma in our relationship with Japan that goes well beyond soothing ruffled feathers over our decision to buy French and not Japanese submarines. We want a more active Japanese security role in the Pacific but seem unwilling to go much beyond supporting Tokyo and defraying its risks in a non-committal diplomatic sense. We're yet to have a robust discussion about what sort of relationship we want with Japan, what obligations we're willing to incur in exchange for what sort of undertakings from Tokyo and how this sits with our other security relationships. And while we're at it, we should talk more robustly about our slowly developing relationship with India. With the conclusion of an agreement to supply uranium to India last November, the last major stumbling block to a closer Indo-Australian partnership has been removed. In many ways, we want similar things from India as we want from Japan, a willingness to play a more robust strategic role in the Indo-Pacific. Indeed, we have found that a trilateral dialogue with India and Japan is a good way of progressing discussions on our common perceptions of what's happening in the region. But beyond this, we're quite vague about what sort of security partnership we want to aspire to with India. My guess is that the answer will not be found in considering these issues in a bilateral sense. Rather, we need a different sort of discussion about how best to shape the regional security order that considers and includes roles for all of the significant actors. Looking ahead to the challenges of the coming year, there are some pretty clear outlines. A US presidential election will deliver one of two very weak presidential candidates to the White House. A President Trump will somehow have won, despite widespread rejection of what he stands for by the American electorate, including from within his own party. On the other hand, a Clinton victory will deliver a president with ongoing investigations hanging over her head, a shocked but galvanized Republican party and a real prospect of impeachment proceedings. Maintaining a US commitment to Asia in the face of mounting trade deficits is increasingly a feat of presidential resolve, and that's probably beyond the capacities of either presidential candidate. I think we need to prepare ourselves for a replay of the Nixon shock of the early 1970s, in which in America at war with itself enabled a lower level of commitment to Asia's security. The difference then was that this lower American commitment was accompanied by an understanding between the US and China on a pragmatic coexistence. Today we have a deepening Sino-American rivalry along with a state of dysfunction in regional institutions that we've rarely seen before. Brexit will play a major role in sowing uncertainty into the global system as Britain and Europe edge their way towards trying to find the best terms of divorce. London's challenge is to try to give the Brexiteers what they voted for while minimizing the negative impact of the divorce. Brussels' challenge is to make the terms of the divorce harsh enough to discourage others from finding a similar deal while shifting the terms of membership in the EU in ways that allay real resentments among their members. The French and German elections both next year will be significant bellwethers of how Europe is handling Brexit. Closer to home, Papua New Guinea's election next year will need to be watched with great care. The volatility of PNG politics seems to be reaching avenue heights and Port Moresby's growing standoff with Bogenville doesn't portend well for the plebiscite and its aftermath. By mid next year, our 14-year-old commitment to the Ramsey intervention in Solomon Islands will be winding down. There are real challenges in this. Ramsey's success in stabilizing Solomon Islands creates real dangers of instability after it departs, especially as many of the political, social and ethnic issues that led to the intervention remain unresolved. And then, of course, there are events that no one can foresee but which suddenly consume huge amounts of our international resources and attention. These are 9-11 type events that can divert the course of history, posing impossible questions of our readiness and imagination. I believe such events make hard thinking about the conceptual frameworks of our foreign policy incredibly important. If properly designed, such conceptual frameworks don't reduce our flexibility in response as some of our governments seem to think. Rather, they give a clear sense of our interests and enduring values, particularly when dealing with the unexpected and disorienting. That's why it's so pleasing that the government has made a commitment to developing Australia's first foreign trade and development white paper since 2003. I look forward to seeing what they come up with and I urge the opposition to begin a similar process. For our discussion today, ladies and gentlemen, it seems to me that it's much harder to judge how Australia is positioned in today's world without such orienting frameworks. We are incredibly lucky in the Bell School of Asia-Pacific Affairs to be able to call on the breadth and depth of expertise to discuss the broad array of Australia's international policy domains and interests. This is a capacity that no other school of international affairs in the country is able to do. I look forward to hearing from my colleagues and to hearing from you as we discuss how Australia is travelling in today's world. Thank you very much.


If I get a half a million followers and then it goes away, those half a million people still know who I am. That's just what I believe.  A lot of people are just like, yeah, social media, social media, it's this thing. And I just feel like maybe the older realtors or someone that's trying to get into it for a part-time thing, I don't really understand the value of it and what it could be creative. What would be some of the early steps as a realtor that they can use to leverage?    It's funny, I came across to you surfing through TikTok, and it just kind of put me in a rabbit hole. I just went to YouTube, Instagram, went to a website, it's like, wow, this is really good stuff. So you found TikTok? Yep. Yep, just, and it's actually on the For You page, and the reach is pretty, like, I'm still, I'm still, I'm no Gary Vaynerchuk, I'm still learning, but the reach, like, I'll post a video on TikTok, I don't have much followers, I'll get 500 views, 300 views sometimes. Yeah. And that's just amazes me. I was just going across, I was like, because what really caught my attention was, you said a millionaire at 23 lost it all, I was just like, whoa, that's really interesting. You hear things like, oh, maybe, excuse me, and it just really caught my attention. Most people are, I think, you know, scared of TikTok, maybe like, better-older, result of kids.  You're getting the reach, man, it's, it's, it's out there. I was like that with Facebook. I didn't mess with Facebook or Instagram or anything until 2017, when I started coaching and writing. I didn't touch social media at all. I had nothing. I had, I didn't know, zero YouTube videos or podcast, I had nothing. I didn't even have an Instagram account, nothing. So I was a lot like that, and looking back, I wish I would have dove on top of every, all the platforms, you know, back, back when I was like 20, you know, 25, whenever the stuff came out, I wish I would have really dove on it.  They have followed me on other platforms and, you know, the saga continues.  Oh, now it wasn't want to have like 3,000 followers, you know. Yeah. So, I mean, it's, it's incredible. And you're right, it is mostly kids. But what happens is how old are those kids going to be in 10 years, 20 years? They're going to be 25 to 35, you know.   I mean, I don't know. I get both sides of it is what I'm saying. I was the same. Hey, I wish I wouldn't have been. That's why I'm jumping on it now. And was there like a book you read or what was the epiphany point? Man, I'm still 17 and I don't even understand Facebook. What was the understanding? You guys only got into coaching and realized and realized, see, I didn't use social media at all for my real estate business up to that point. So they just, I didn't need it, to be honest with you. Phone calls and emails were, you know, we're it. And so, but in the coaching industry, I realized I had to have it. It was really the only way to exponentially grow.  So that that was it. I just I realized that it was where it's at because I started to look up all the other coaches and I started to watch their videos. And I kind of saw where the benchmarks were and kind of what was going on. And I said, OK, I can do this, you know, so I just started working at it. My first videos were horrible and still, I don't think I have great, you know, I still feel like there's lots of room for improvement. There always will be, you know, you're always getting better.