Good afternoon, everyone, and thank you for joining us for another episode of Kondo Insider. Kondo Insider is a show regarding and relating to people who live and work in condominiums. And I'm here today with a very, very timely topic. Most associations have completed their budgets. The letters have gone out to the owners about with the bad news that maintenance fees are going up. And I'm hearing the grumbling and the moaning and the groaning from a whole lot of owners who wonder, well, how am I gonna get through next year? And some of the other stuff that are affecting owners' economic health. And we have a solution from the state of Hawaii, the Department of Hawaii Housing, Finance and Development Corporation. And I'm very happy to have with me today as my guests. I've got two people, Kaino, Severson and Kalia Krummer. And they're gonna be talking to us about a new program that the state is gonna be putting out starting. That's gonna bring financial relief to condo owners. And so, you know, let's get started right now. Who wants to start? Kainalu, you wanna give us an intro? So what this program is all about? Yeah, of course, I'll give a brief intro about myself first and I'll hand it over to Kalia to explain the program. But yeah, thank you, Jane, for having us. My name is Kainalu. I do oversee all the emergency financial assistance programs at CNHA. So we're very proud to be part of this show and kind of introduce our Oahu homeowners program. I'll kick it off to Kalia. Oh, by the way, what is CNHA?  Yeah, of course. CNHA, for council for native Hawaiian advancement, we're located on the west side of Oahu, headquartered in Kapolei. And I think the mission of CNHA kind of speaks for itself. We're here to advance the native Hawaiians and as well as the entire population of Hawaii. And you know, this program that you guys are going to be talking about today, you don't have to be native Hawaiians, right? Correct, that is correct. To benefit from it. Yep, majority of our programs are not native Hawaiian specific, so it's applicable to everyone throughout Hawaii. Okay, and you guys have just been designated to basically to implement this program that's developed by the Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation. Is that true? Yeah, that's correct. So we were the administrators of the program and we administer a lot of different programs for partnering with the state, department of Hawaiian homelands, the city and so forth. But this one is specifically out with HHFCC. Okay, so why don't you tell us about the program? What is, what's the name of it and what does it do? Yeah, of course. So the Oahu Homeowners Assistance Fund program or OHAF is a federally funded program that provides services, counseling services and financial relief to homeowners who have fallen behind on their expenses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Each county has its own program. The Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement is the non-profit organization administering HFCC for Honolulu County. Okay, so really basically helps people who are having a financial hardship. Correct. And could that mean also the fact that, I mean, not only mortgage payments, what about maintenance fees? Yeah, absolutely. So we assist with both mortgage and non-mortgage assistance. So that's maintenance fees, assistance with your HECO bill, your Board of Water bill and other eligible expenses. And is this like a loan? Do you have to pay it back or is it a grant where you get the funds and you don't have to pay it back? This is a grant. Yeah, you don't have to pay it back. Oh, and is there like a limit that you can apply for? Is there like a cap on the funds that you're allowed to receive? Yeah. So in addition to financial assistance for past few payments, we also provide housing and counseling and legal aid services to those who qualify. The combination of monetary assistance as well as counseling services cannot exceed $30,000. So $30,000 is the cap for each eligible applicant. And you talk about financial hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Can you give examples of what kind of hardship you have to suffer in order to take advantage of this program? Yeah, so that can include job loss. Those who are furloughed as a result of the pandemic will have incurred an increase in expenses such as childcare expenses. And for this program specifically, you would have to prove a 10% impact on your household, either income or expenses. I see, and what type of expenses or services the program offer? So we offer assistance with HOA, HECO, Board of Water, maintenance, insurance bills. So if you have to be delinquent on your expenses in order to qualify for that type of assistance. Okay, and so what are the eligibility requirements for the Oahu HAF program? Yeah, so there are a list of eligibility requirements. You must be an Oahu resident, at least 18 years and older. You must be a homeowner, there is an income cap, the household income must be at or below 150% AMI or area median income. You must prove your financial hardship. You must be willing to go through counseling or legal aid services. You cannot have interest in any other real property where they're full or partial interest. You cannot have five months or more of liquid assets and lastly, you must be delinquent on the expenses that you're requesting assistance for. Okay, and when you say proof of financial hardship, how do you prove that? Just show that you haven't been able to pay your bills or? Yeah, so proof of financial hardship, we would request your income statements or expense statements in order to prove your 10%, the 10% impact on your household income or expenses. And the list of, I know it's a long list of eligibility requirements that's available to view on our website as well. Okay, and we have now put some information on the screen. HawaiianCouncil.org Oahu Home, that's where people should be logging in, right? To apply if they're interested in this program. Yes. And that information is going to be scrolling, you know, throughout the program. So people should, I mean, people should look for, that's where they have to go to apply for the program. So what kind of properties are available? What kind, I mean, you said property ownership. So condo owners can take advantage of this, right? And single family homeowners as well? Yep, that's right. So condos are included in properties that are eligible. So eligible properties would include single family homes and condominium units, located in Hawaii and occupied by the homeowners as their primary residents. Okay, so they can't be investors. They have to be owner occupants in order to apply for these grants. That is correct. And so that would also apply to HOAs, the plan, unit developments, you know, like these homeowners associations, like they haven't ever, you know, they're single family homes, but it's like a community association, would apply to them as well, right? Yeah, absolutely.  So it's $30,000 max per applicant? Yes, yeah, $30,000 maximum per applicant. And that's inclusive of any legal aid services that were provided as well as counseling services. Okay, and how would the homeowners apply for this program? Yeah, so you can apply at our website. That's hawaiiancouncil.org forward slash oahu home. And the website includes all the details regarding our program, the eligibility requirements, as well as the list of required documents needed to apply the application itself would take about 15 to 20 minutes to fill out. And if you need assistance, and if you need further assistance, if you're not able to fill out an application online, we can arrange an in-person application where we can have one of our care advocates assist. And you can give us a call. Our phone number here is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Can you, why don't you say that phone number again in case people just didn't get it? Yeah, sure. So the phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Okay, so if they can't get online, at least if they can call you, right? You will send somebody out to help them. Yeah. Okay, are there any non-mortgage homeowner expenses eligible under the Oahu program? Yes, so non-mortgage expenses again, include homeowner association fees, maintenance fees. We can also assist with real property taxes, homeowners insurance and any other utility bills that fall out of the program. And these funds are from where you, I mean, I know you said that it was federal funds. So federal funds that were given to the state of Hawaii. That is correct. And is there like a limit? And at some point, you know, how long does this program, is this program gonna go on, do you know? Until the money runs out or? Yeah, essentially, yes, until the money runs out. Yeah, so we're looking for at the program and it's projected to last for about three years. Oh, okay, all right. Do homeowners have to be delinquent in their mortgages to apply for other eligible homeowner expenses under the Oahu program? No, the homeowners do not have to be delinquent on their mortgage expense in order to qualify for other expenses. They can still receive assistance with any other non-mortgage items as long as they do qualify. But you wouldn't necessarily have to be delinquent on your mortgage in order to get assistance with other types of expenses. Okay, yeah. Oh, sorry, Jane, I'll also add to that. I mean, for our condo segment of our beneficiaries that HOA fees are incredibly popular, you know? So although they may be able to have paid their mortgage or come to some kind of agreement with their lender, maybe even pay their utilities, what slips through ends up being the association fees and dues, so that's where it's very popular for our program for condo owners. Yeah, and you know, the payments, once somebody applies and they're approved, are the payments made to the applicant or are the payments sent directly to like, let's say the mortgagee or to the state of Hawaii, I mean, to the sitting county for real property taxes? In other words, does the money come to the person who's supplying or does it go to who's supposed to get paid? So it'll go to payments will go directly to the vendors. Yeah. So that means when you apply, you say, you know, I need some help making my maintenance fee payments. That means the payments would go directly to the association. It wouldn't go, or if it's a, if they're delinquent on their mortgage, the payments would go directly to the lender. Yes, that is correct. Okay. And how long do these payments, or how long, I mean, is it like, do they have to apply every month?  No, so it's a one-time assistance program. So it's set up as a non-recourse grant. So once you've applied and you've received assistance and you wouldn't be able to come back to reapply. And I can take you through the application process and what that looks like for each applicant. So as soon as an applicant applies, they'll have one-on-one assistance with a care advocate during the initial phase of the application process. The application will go under review. And at that point at the end of that process, we'll determine that the applicant is conditionally eligible. We will then refer the applicant to either one of our partnering organizations. So we partner with the Legal Aid Society of Hawaii and the Hawaii Home Ownership Center for our counseling services. So depending on the needs of the applicant, they'll be referred to either one of these organizations to receive their counseling services. We'll then move on to the third phase of the process, which is confirming loan status and delinquency with the mortgage lenders, which is the more technical side of things before we move on to actually dispersing to each of the vendors. So that means that if you apply to the program and they make the payment, let's say, for the December mortgage payment, if they can't make the January, they would have to apply in January again, right? No, so it's a non-recourse grant. It's a one-time assistance program once you come through and apply, we'll cover the delinquent expenses. You wouldn't be able to come back through and reapply. So it's only one time you can apply? Correct. So it might even be better to wait until you're two or three months in arrears or, you know? Well, I will say that the goal of the program is to prevent displacement, to prevent the foreclosure for any of the applicants that apply. Also, that's why you require them to go to the legal aid for counseling. That's right. Because there's the issue of foreclosure involved. Yes. And you want to make sure that the applicant is educated about the consequences of not making these payments. Yes. Yeah, we work really closely with our partner and organizations to ensure that the applicants are aware of the requirements of the program and are able to get back on their feet after they've received assistance through OHAF.  It's not something that's going to be repeated over a period of time. That's right. I see, okay. Do you have to be native Hawaiian? I think I asked you this. Do you have to be native Hawaiian to apply for the program? No, you do not have to be native Hawaiian to apply for the program. Yeah, we assist all eligible homeowners in Hawaii. Okay. And how does the application process work? So, yeah, after the applicant submits their application, we'll go through a review process here at CNHA with our partnering organizations and with the mortgage lenders and vendors that we work closely with prior to disbursement. If anybody has any questions regarding the program, you know, before they apply, is there any place they can call and, you know, get their questions answered before they actually go forward with the application process? Yes, of course. So our information is located on our website. So our phone number is located on our website as well as our email address for OHAF. You can go there or you can give us a call. I believe the link to our website will be on a ribbon here on the screen. But the website is hawaincouncil.org forward slash oahu home. Okay, there it is, right? Yeah. That's the one that people should go to in order to apply for this. And can they go now? I mean, has the program started already? Yeah, the program started and is still open and we encourage applicants to visit the website and, you know, gather their documents and give us a call or shoot us an email if you have any questions prior to submitting an application. Okay, when did this program begin? I mean, I know I was contacted by the Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Company last week. So when was this program and when did it begin? So the program launched in January of this year. I see. And is it part of a larger program? Because you said it was federal funds. Yeah, so the program has now launched in all 50 states. Yeah, and is available in all four, in three counties here in Hawaii. And I can figure... Yeah, one other issue. I mean, does this apply to renters? Do you have to be an owner? It doesn't apply to the renters that... Right, I can take that, Jane. So these funds do flow down from the US Treasury. It was passed in the American Rescue Plan Act. So there's different segments. So this one is for homeowner assistance fund as far as the allocation. So renters got their own and homeowners have this one, which is completely separate. So we administer only the Oahu Island. So if anyone from outside of Oahu County that is interested, they can go to HHFDC's website and they can see which nonprofit is administering those programs. Okay, I think that kind of segues into the next question is what if I live on another island in Hawaii? Is there a mortgage relief program for my island? Right, so they should all be up. So some of our great nonprofit friends run those programs, but you can go to HHFDC's website and they have links to those programs. This is all very helpful. So we thank you, because I know so many people in this industry, and it's always nice to know that there are programs out there that are gonna help some of our constituents, some unit owners who are facing financial hardship. And like I said before, we have, this is the end of our budget season and the letters all went out to unit owners as of December one as to what their maintenance fees are going. And I've heard from a lot of associations that their maintenance fees went up anywhere from 15 to 22% this year. So, that's a big hit, and so that means that, maybe their mortgage payments didn't go up, but now they're paying more in maintenance fees. And I'm sure because of the inflation, their grocery bills are going up, and our electricity at our account, we're in the process of putting in PV, but that's a whole, another expensive process, but our electricity went up 25% from our budget last year because we're still on HECO, yeah? So, we face a lot of challenges and we are so grateful that you guys have come to us to give us information about this program because it comes right in the nick of time, so to speak, because I'm sure there are homeowners who are getting their letters from their associations saying, oh my goodness, what am I gonna do now? My maintenance fees went up 22%. Do you get involved in talking to these applicants who apply to find out what their situations are? We hear the stories every day about increased expenses and applicants that are fallen on hard times. And, you know, we've been able to assist and help get a lot of homeowners back on their feet and cover these delinquent expenses and some of them have really built up over time.  Right, and you know, and a big segment of the people who live in condominiums, they're retired people who are on fixed incomes.   So this loan could help them as well, right? I mean, this program, not loan, I take it back, this program. Yes, yes. This program may be able to assist as long as they qualify, but yeah, absolutely. Okay, and so, and people, even if they, you know, don't know if they qualify, they should call and check because it doesn't hurt, I mean, it doesn't cost them anything, right, to call and call you guys and ask you questions because if they qualify, you know, they're gonna get the assistance up to $30,000, you know, to help them, you know, over this financial hurdle, at least in the short term. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, we definitely encourage, you know, if they're, even after going through the website and there's anything that, you know, it isn't understood to give us a call or just shoot us an email to get a better understanding and we're more than happy to help. Okay, and so you estimate that the program will be in effect for about three years before the money runs out? Yeah, hopefully, I mean, at this point, maybe two more years or until the funding runs out. So we encourage everyone who's in this hardship position to apply and seek for assistance. Okay, you know, we're getting close to the end of the program.  COVID impacted everyone, right?  We can assess your eligibility and see if you qualify. We have great community partners, as mentioned, Hawaii Homeownership Center and Legal Aid Society of Hawaii. So if the direct funds may not be needed, we do have a lot of services available for you in. And so please apply and hopefully we can help those in need. Thank you. Well, thank you both, you know, for being with us today.   I mean, it's been very, you know, it's been kind of disturbing watching all of this and figuring out where the light is at the end of the tunnel. And then now we have, you know, these increasing maintenance fees. So, you know, this is a godsend. So thank you so much for being on the program and bringing us this good news, you know, that is gonna help a whole lot of people, I hope. And I hope all of you guys who are out there watching the program, if you can't benefit from it, at least tell your neighbors and, you know, get the word out that there is a program, there is money and it's not a loan. So if you qualify, you know, please, please apply. And if you're not sure, at least go to the website or and call and talk to, you know, people at CNHA and find out, you know, what the scoop is to see if, you know, there's some way you can benefit from it.  So thank you very much, Kainalo and Kuya for being with my guests today. And, you know, for our viewers, please tune in next week for another episode of Condo Insider, the home of the show regarding people who live and work in condominiums. And so thank you again for joining us today and please tune in next week. Thank you and mahalo. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn and donate to us at thinktechawaii.com. Mahalo.


Good day, fellow investors. Welcome to the stock market news with a long term twist. We're first going to discuss what happened this week as the short term gives us a little bit of indication what will happen over the long term. Then we are further going to touch a little bit on commodities, a little bit on chip maker guidance and lower smartphone sales and on covenant ratios. And I will discuss what are covenant ratios. That will give us a perspective in relation to what's going on with interest rates. And then I'm going to talk about what should an investor do and I'm going to try to make investing easy because there is so much information I will now give you good information, bad information and it brings to a lot of confusion. However, there is a way to make investing easy. Let's first start with the news and we'll finish with the steps to make investing easy. So stocks went up the first part of the week and then went down the last part of the week. This volatility and direction seeking is a signal of the very late stages of a bull market or seek for direction. So we don't know whether we will have a bear market or a bull market in continuation. As would Buffett say, I never know what markets are going to do. There's never been a time in my life when I I know what markets are going to do over a long period of time. They're going to go up. But in terms of what's going to happen in a day or a week or a month or a year even, I never felt that I knew it and I've never felt that was important. I will say that in 10 or 20 or 30 years I think stocks will be a lot higher than they are now. Thanks, Warren. Another signal that we are in the late part of the economic cycle are rising commodity prices. Those who started watching this channel in the beginning remember how I was positing on metals and this is exactly what happened. Metals are up about 40% over the past year, let's say from summer and 150% over the last two years. Higher commodity prices late part of the economic cycle because there is more demand for commodities, the economy is doing good, peak productivity around the globe and the consequences are higher commodity prices that lead into inflation. Sooner or later, those higher commodity prices we see high oil prices, high aluminum especially now with tariffs and those prices sooner or later bring manufacturing costs higher and we see inflation and the Fed likes stable inflation but not surging inflation. And that's the reason higher commodity prices, inflation, late part of the cycle, the Fed is rising interest rates fast in order to prevent an overheating economy because stable inflation is good, higher inflation is not good. Why is higher inflation not good? Because if you know inflation is at 5%, what do you do? You spend your money now so that you save and it's worth more now than in the future. When that happens people start buying more thus inflation goes even higher, when people buy more inflation goes higher higher and you might quickly find yourself with hyperinflation. So the Fed's goal is to balance and keep things stable, keep prices stable or with 2% inflation and they are doing whatever they can to do that. Also when a recession comes to be able to lower rate to stimulate the economy. Now the Fed is let's say normalizing a bit but the ECB and the Bank of Japan are still buying. Here you can see the asset purchases of the European Central Bank and they are still buying 40 billion euros per month of securities. So the Fed starts to normalize but those other banks are still pumping money into system pumping money pumping money which spurs global inflation global demand for commodities but I wonder whether that is fundamentally strong businesses or it is everything that we are enjoying as growth is a result of monetary easing. The point is that we never saw something like this in the past and we don't know what will be the result. There is a high probability that the economy overheats becomes a bubble and then enters in recession over the next few years but that's just a probability nobody knows what will happen. Something that I find very interesting and a signal of how so much money in the system makes people more prompt to take more risks for any kind of return is covenant quality. We can see here that over the past five years covenant ratios have deteriorated from 3.26 to 4.05. Debt covenants are agreements between a company and a creditor usually stating limits or thresholds for certain financial ratios that the company may not breach. So for example a company says okay I get this loan of 100 million and the covenant is I don't know that too equity must never surpass one. So when that is the case if that surpasses one then the deal gets renegotiated then the company is in trouble let's say if it breaks the covenants or interest rates go up and by deteriorating covenants ratios the market is showing that it accepts any kind of risk for getting a yield and that's very very risky because it destabilizes the whole environment. Another cyclical indicator is that the world's largest chip maker revised its guidance on softer demand for smart phones and less crypto mining and that's what's hit apple over the last days and that's why the market is down over the last few days. The point here is that nothing can grow forever and that's something that we should all be aware of. Taiwan semiconductor manufacturing the stock is down over the last week but still up hugely over the last five years so long term done very good short term this growth stops sometimes does it stop here or will it grow further we will see. So now we have this data good economic data commodities are going up on the other hand smartphone demand is going down risk is nobody looks at risk so bigger risks are piling up and central banks are still printing money. So what should an investor do now we have different news I bet a lot of you are confused and when you're confused the best thing to do is go to Buffett. One of his most important sayings is the following by stocks you would want to hold if the market were to close for 10 years. So whatever you own whatever you do try to see it from the perspective okay if the market closes today whatever happens in the future am I happy owning that as a business over the next 10 years if you say yes then that's what you have to own if you're saying no okay then at this point in time that's something you really shouldn't do because the risk is high and the reward isn't there so this is a good start and makes things much easier but let me complicate things a little bit because that's how I am. There are other questions that you have to ask yourself will we see a recession in the next 10 years most probably yes will we see higher interest rates higher inflation and tighter credit markets most probably yes will we see more monetary easing in the next 10 years most probably yes will we see disruption coming in various new technology forms most probably yes and now I have complicated or made it really easy to invest if you find something that stock market is closing and there is a positive answer to what you own I would still own it no matter what happens over the last 10 years and you would still own it if there is a recession higher interest rates lower interest inflation technology disruption whatever you would still own that stock then that is something you should own in addition that it is at a fair valuation now in this market if you look at so many things as we do a lot here we look at a lot of stocks there is so much that is overvalued that I would say no I wouldn't own that over the next 10 years however this makes investing easy because no no no no no okay what will I hold I will keep cash and wait for opportunities so that something falls into my net that I would like to own for 10 years or as Buffett would say so we're almost always a buyer of stocks and we're a more aggressive buyer when they're going down I mean I I feel much better when they're going down but it's hard to think of very many months when we haven't been a net buyer of stocks so we are mostly net buyers over the long term thus we can't really avoid not buying stocks and being out of the market is very risky because you never know when the market will go up and down so what you can do is rebalance on your buying activity okay I will buy a little bit less pile up the cash until there is a company that fits all my criteria so as Buffett says be more aggressive when valuations are low and be a little bit more timid when valuations are high and buy only those things that fit your criteria thank you for watching let me know which stocks fit your 10 year criteria so we add value into the comments and all of those reading into the comments see you in the next video


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Okay, so this doesn't work. Oh, you have HDMI. Okay, yeah, it'll only go P28, so yeah, okay. I need to double click, double click like that. I need to be blinking through here. Okay, no time to blink through here. Okay, do you remember the rule? Little grammar from the rule. B200. Okay, that microphone's working. Okay. So if you say B200, you have HDMI. Maybe I'll go borrow that. Sorry, we're just waiting for our adapter to come along. Hi there, how are you? Hey, how you doing? How are you? So what we're working with there? So we need to begin to USB 3? USB 6? Yeah, USB 6, yeah. Okay, no worries. It's the latest, thank you. It's too fast. There we are, try that for me. Can you bring it back to me? Okay, where are you looking? Just in this general weird area. If not, find out if the rule's not there. Okay. Do you have any sound to your presentation? Sorry? Do you have any sound to your presentation? Yeah, yeah. No, not any sound. I'm just using the microphone. Okay, yeah, no worries. Just wanted to make sure. It's working. It's working. What, immediately? I'll have you come. There we are. Thank you. Sorry for the wait. No, not a problem. Yeah, if you press A, it should turn this light up there. Okay. You're very welcome. If there's anything else, it's on the other side. Okay. Oops, sorry. A, B and A, B and A. So... Very good evening, everyone. I can see a couple of familiar faces here. So, I'll be... Am I audible? Yeah. So, I'll be talking about accelerating mobile pages for higher performance and higher engagement. And during my talk, I'll be using some of the screenshots. So, if at any point of time you feel like there is some readability problem, you can ask me for a while and we can connect on it. Who am I? My name is Surbhi Sribar and I'm working with Strigian Technologies. So, Strigian has its headquarters back in India, New Delhi. And we have colleagues working all over the world. I'm working with Strigian as a Drupal developer. And right now, I'm working as a backend developer for Drupal 7 and Drupal 8. On Twitter, I go by the handle, Surbhi Sribar. And if you want to locate my profile at Drupal.org, you can either search my complete name or use that link over there. So, before I begin, anybody from the crowd who has experience working with SEO? Great. And performance optimization? Great. And how many viewers we have today? I'm asking because the session is a combination of all of this stuff. So, I'll be talking about what exactly the problem statement is and how we can solve this by using AMP. So, AMP stands for Accelerated Mubile Pages. And I'll be talking about how AMP page is different from a regular HTML page, how the ranking of the site is improved, I'll be showing steps for local installation, configuration and validations, some matrices about performance improvements, then benefits and decisions about the AMP page, some concerns, possible solutions. And I would conclude this session with some of the recommendations as per my experience on working with this. So, if you see there, this is a user who is trying to access a page, a mobile page specifically, and that page is not loading. So, in such cases, when we visit a site, we wait for let's say 5 or 7 seconds and the page does not load, what do we do? We lose interest, right? And we may not ever think of visiting that site again. So, this is the actual problem. At times, we end up building websites that are really good to see, but they fail to engage with the user in a good manner. And as a result, we get away bad in terms of revenue generation. So, if we see some statistics, if a user is visiting a site 50% of the time, it's likely that he's encountered with unplayable videos. And it's likely that 13% of the time, he is redirected to home page and not to the page which he is looking for, actually. 46% of the time, the user is just sitting ideal and waiting for slow pages to load and others account for 26%. So, if you see a major portion, a major percentage is waiting for slow pages to load. Yeah? In 2015, Google launched the AMP project, also known as Google AMP. And in 2016, we were able to see some of the search AMP results in Google search. So, how is an AMP page being searched? What is happening behind the scenes? So, if you see on the screen, there is a page and a user has entered some keyword over there. So, if you see, there is an AMP card which is presented by this symbol, AMP. This one over here. This is the AMP symbol. So, what is happening, actually, is when a user search for an AMP page, when a user search for a keyword and its AMP page exists, then Google would quickly load this AMP card and present it to the user. The user would click to this link and he would be taken to an AMP page. It has a positive effect on the SEO of the site as well. So, this was achieved by a module called AMP, thanks to the committers and the contributors. There's a list of a lot many people who have provided this great stuff to us. And this module has token and C tools as dependencies. It's compatible with Drupal 7 and Drupal 8. And you must use this with PHP versions above 5.5. If you're using lower versions, then you might end up with security issues. So, what are the main components of AMP? It has got three main components. The AMP HTML, AMP CSS, and AMP JS. Let's take them up one by one. So, AMP HTML, a lot like a regular HTML which loads in every browser. To metadata of that regular HTML, we have this AMP metadata which is being attached. And supposedly node slash one. It's a regular HTML page. Then its AMP specific page would be distinguished by this query parameter which is being attached. And canonical, as you must be knowing, it's for webmasters to distinguish between the primary content. So, there are no content duplication issues. Since AMP HTML is different from regular HTML, we have some AMP specific tags. So, the image tag which is the regular HTML tag gets replaced by its AMP specific image tag. And ampproject.org has got a lot of documentation regarding this. So, if you want to dig deeper, you can check it out at this useful link. Video tag gets replaced by AMP video. Audio tag gets replaced by AMP audio. Iframe gets replaced by AMP iframe. And there are some other useful AMP tags like analytics, AMP ads, and pixels. So, AMP pixel is used for tracking the page visit. Now, coming to AMP CSS. So, AMP allows only for the inline CSS. And AMP does not allow a lot. You cannot go on writing long CSS. It has a limit to it because the bigger CSS does not get validated. Now, what is the reason of not allowing bigger CSS? Because the main idea of AMP is to keep the pages light. So, it's just restricting us to write only 15 kb of CSS and not more than that. So, AMP.js. AMP does not allow any author or third party.js. Because again, if there is any third party.js, then in making calls to that, it will take more time for the page to load. And the main idea behind AMP would be defeated. So, AMP, if you want to use any third party.js, then AMP provides HTML tags. You can use those tags. And at the runtime, the JS, it would get converted to interactive elements. You can also integrate Twitter widgets, Facebook widgets together, tags specific to it. And AMP cache. So, AMP cache facilitates the quick page load. So, a page which is validated from AMP standards would only be cached. And as a statistics, we have seen that an average of four times faster speed is detected with AMP cache. So, how AMP does all of this? So, AMP works with AMP library, module and theme to handle all of these things collectively. What AMP module does? So, AMP module provides with a view mode. And that's the AMP view mode that is provided for every content type, which is there on your Drupal site. And you do have the privilege to make it on for specific content types. Then it also provides the query parameter that gets attacked. That is question mark AMP. And it also provides the field for matters. So, what field for matters would do? The field for matters will take up the content and convert them into the AMP compliance, compliance standards. Then AMP theme. So, AMP theme has two parts to it. One is the base theme, which contains the must-have, the mandatory things. And over that, base theme is an example sub-theme. And if you want to theme the site specifically, then you can also design a custom sub-theme taking the help of the example sub-theme. That this example sub-theme ships with this AMP module. So, what the AMP library does? So, for example, we must have seen there's a body field in a Drupal content. And in that body field, all the fancy stuff can go in, like the share wedges, the embeds and everything. So, when the user saves this content and AMP module is being enabled, so it's the responsibility of the AMP library to check this content and convert the normal HTML tags to the AMP-specific tags in the body section. So, just quickly going through the installation steps. So, this module can be enabled using Drush. And you have to enable AMP module, AMP sub-theme and Composer Manager. So, Composer Manager is needed to manage all the dependencies which are needed by AMP. After you have enabled this module, you can go into this link and check. You can check if library is working or not. So, this is a picture of me enabling the AMP module. And you can see that the Composer Manager has installed all the dependencies. Then you can go to the slash Composer Manager link and check for all the greens to see if all the packages which ship with Composer Manager are good to go or not. Once you have installed it, then you can configure this module. So, here you can see that there is an AMP view mode which is being turned on for this content type. And these are the fields like header, image, body field. So, these view modes, they would provide this field for matters. As you can see, AMP image is a field for matters which is provided for the image field of this content type. And after configuring this, you can see, you can view source of the page and see that the image tag is being converted to AMP-image. So, this is an AMP-specific tag. Let me show you quickly. So, this is a Drupal 7 fresh installation. And I have configured, I have created an article AMP demo and enabled AMP-specific tabs on it. So, as you can see, this is a normal page and its AMP-specific page is this. So, you can see there is a difference in the theme. Why so? This is because the AMP theme that has only the theme which is default theme which is shipped with the AMP package that has only the basic standard regions and not all enabled, you can enable them. And if you view source of this page, then you can see the AMP image tag. So, while working with this on local machines, you might want to debug it a bit and validate if you have successfully created an AMP page or not. So, this is because validations have to be passed for an AMP page to be able to search on Google. So, for this, a Chrome extension comes and you can use that Chrome extension that's AMP validator. And in case all the validations pass, then we are presented with this green symbol. And in case we have errors, then the AMP validator would show a red warning sign. For example, this is a screenshot of a page which had errors. So, if you can see, there is an issue which has been listed, the line number at which the issue exists. And you can see there is debug and learn more information. These learn more information, take you to the documents and to more of debugging information that can help you to solve these problems. Then coming to some of the matrices. So, as you can see, this is a matrix of performance increase. There is a 98% increase in the performance. So, this was a matrix of just a very basic page which I created for demo. The complex page would still have some other matrices. So, this is just a basic matrix. And you can see like perpetual speed index which is targeted to be 1200 or below. That's nearly 2397. So, it's a really improved performance. Then input latency which is targeted to be 15ms. It's showing 16ms. So, it's a good result. The lower the numbers, the better we are. So, it's basically the target should be less than this. This 1, 2, 5, 0, it's a must to achieve this. If we are achieving less than this, then it's better. So, basically this is a very basic page. These inputs might vary when you get a complex page. Like a page may have carousels or a page may have more HTML. So, these inputs will vary with that. And there are other audits like Metatag is used properly or not. Then we have distinguished element names. Then elements contents are described well or not. All these are the audits which are being presented by the validator. You can inspect your validators and check. Then talking about what decision to make for an AMP page. So, while I was working with AMP, supposedly there is a site. I'm talking about a desktop page and it has got a menu. Then it has a login block. So, if you want to convert that page into the mobile specific page, then it's completely a business decision which we might take that would on a mobile user would still be using that login block and should be considered keeping it. Because the main purpose of an AMP page is to keep the pages light. So, we would want to limit, we would want to restrict the HTML of an AMP page. So, we should make these decisions and what are the absolute critical components that should go on for a mobile page. Apart from this, we should also take care about a page that it does not have any third-party libraries, JS or any third-party CSS because that would not work with AMP. So, AMP is mainly for a site which is like a newspaper site or a reading site. So, you may want to give the user a very good reading experience. So, AMP is not for a site which is mainly JS-driven or maybe e-commerce or maybe a site with a lot of checkout and cart functionalities at least. As of now, AMP is only for more content-driven sites. So, while I was working with this and I was checking the issue queue, some people have a concern that there is a query parameter that gets attached to the URL. So, we always want to work with clean URLs when we are working with Drupal because that might affect the site ranking in SEO. But that does not pose any problem because the query parameter is harmless and it can be used easily. Then, some people also report that we have successfully enabled AMP on the site but our site is not getting ranked up in Google. So, for that, you might want to have a look at the validations that if your page is validated or not because if your page is not validated, it won't be presented in Google. And what are the benefits and why is AMP worth trying? So, the benefit is if you are using AMP on your site so your clients would have an immediate benefit. They would be presented with a good reading experience. They would engage well with your site. They would share the content well. So, I think it's worth trying and it really increases the user engagement. Also, AMP comes with the ads and analytics stats so you can track that how much is the page visit and how much is the site getting popular among the users. So, recommendations, as I said, that AMP is for content-driven sites and we should abstain using it on sites which are more of JS-specific or have a lot of third-party elements in it. So, I would like to conclude this session by just listing out these main points that if we have a site which has a desktop page which has a carousel then we should reconsider making that same carousel on the mobile page and we should consider keeping the pages light. Then we should consider not using external JS and CSS and it's again a decision that has to be taken and that which component should go in for a mobile-specific page. I think that's it from me. Any questions? Great to you. You've done it for some content types, not for the whole site. So, there is an option wherein you can restrict the usage of the module to particular content types. You can do that. Well, you've heard enough. So, in Google, you can either have a simple CK editor or we can make some implementations with paragraphs and in this way have pages work that say, because the monies are easy to customize from an editorial point of view. So, in this case, how will AMB work? I mean, will we have specific tags on each paragraph because from what I remember from the module you can enable some content types and some features, but I don't remember anything from paragraphs. So, paragraphs, are you talking about the body field that has paragraphs or are you talking about the paragraphs field type? The module paragraphs. Okay. So, coming to module paragraphs, I have not tried it separately, but for body field, yeah, it would give a body field for matter and not specific paragraph tags. Other questions? Progressive app version. So, have you tried this? Google recommends to use either AMB or use the progressive stuff. Have you had the chance to compare them and see in terms of ranking and... So, would you like to tell how the progressive thing works? Maybe one line or another about it? So, basically, with AMB, you put those tags and Google will recognize how to generate the snippet that you showed us. And in progressive, so you take the size and you change it bit by bit and you make it more responsive and more optimized the same... So, I believe the progressive thing is not something which is specific to Drupal? You could use it for Drupal. I tried it so far with... So, yeah, that's what I'm saying. So, AMB comes for something which is specific to Drupal, yeah? And progressive is mainly of... What I am getting understanding is that it may be something, you know, when you just inspect... the SEO inspection on the site takes this, then all the warnings which are presented may be to improve the speed in the ranking. That's sort of the thing, yeah? It's mostly... I mean, it will cover the chess part and it's not to provide anything to this man. Sure. Progressive web apps, people do they... Yeah, yes, please. All right. Thank you for that. Let's try this now. It's about a week. So, when we shoot images, on the site, it doesn't have a big kind of height. So, obviously, you won't buy it. Quite often, if we use, like, the big model, the image styles is mainly for you or we insert them in my editor, it's also a height limit. So high. So high? So, we're having to use because it functions actually at the height of the image before it gets rendered, Steve, I need to do that as well. You have to work on the custom code as well as using the library. Sorry, I'm not clear with your question. Okay. Steve, I need to work on the custom code as well as using the library.  So, basically, the custom support for images you're asking? Yeah. So, for images, we can give heighten work and we can also define them in percentage. So, both work. If you want to miss them, I say, instead of my security, you don't want to give a heighten work on the image. It's about not custom transmission. We have that work to get rendered. Do you find that, as well, or do you have experience with it? No, I don't think. Any other questions? Okay. You can look into that. Okay. You can look into the session at this link and you can send me... Yeah. Good question. So, it's a Google product. And it's good for the Google search engine. Yeah. What about Bing? Okay. So, I'm not trying it on Bing. Yeah, that's a good question. Yeah, maybe. Because, like, Google search engines is mainly followed everywhere and more than what Bing is followed. So, it's about engaging the users. So, whatever user would follow more, we should go in with... So, you can send me your feedback at my Twitter account. And thank you. Coming to the camp. So, we encourage everyone to go to this locator in the blacksmith and Google. Which is around... So, we have to go because we are sponsored by Fonda. That's why we have a hundred pounds behind the bar. So, we do go and grab some free gear. Yeah. A thousand pounds. A thousand pounds, yeah. Yeah. See you there. That's the old one. That's the old one. Okay. I guess you'll take it back. Yeah. W? Hi, we are. Thank you. Right, you just slide. I didn't try it on the last session. Yeah, I should have. Yeah, so basically that was a demo of the many sessions. Yeah. So, in that case, I think if it's not working with the secret editor in the blog, I shouldn't have... You might want to look into the ALP library part. Because that portion is mainly handled by the ALP library. Yeah. So, you might want to look at some of the open issues or might want to... No, that's fine. I don't know if you had any experience with me as far as your customer care. Thank you for your thought. Thank you. Oh, there was some... No, it's not him. That's the one. I had him fall in love with it. Okay. Yeah, chances are they've clipped it to their top and they've walked out with it without noticing. So, it's just a hunt for the other person. What? It's just a hunt and we've got to hunt them down. What was the person who flew it, actually? Maybe a small Indian woman? Indian woman? Yeah, I think she was Indian. Now you want to check in ELG15. There's an Indian woman in there.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. I would like to spend some time solving very, very classical and very easy problems in theory of probabilities. Classical in the terms of they basically correspond to classical definition of the probability as a measure basically. We were talking about certain distribution of probabilities among elementary events and then we were choosing an event which combines certain number of elementary events out of the total number of elementary events and basically the proportion of the measure allocated to these chosen elementary events to measure the entire set of elementary events constitutes the probability. It's like number of good events versus number of total events, something like this. So these are classical concepts of theory of probabilities and I would like to spend some time solving a few very, very easy problems. These problems and this lecture presented on Unizor.com, that's where I suggest you to watch this lecture and the preferable way to approach any kind of educational material dedicated to problems is first try to solve these problems yourself, check the answer against whatever the nodes contain to this lecture. They are right to the right of the video image on this website and then you can actually listen to whatever I'm saying in the lecture because your approach to solving the problems can be different. Okay, so the problem number one is the following. In chess the game is on 8 by 8 board. On every cell you can put some piece and we are talking about rooks. Now if this is your chess board and this is one rook and this is another rook, one is let's say white another is black. Now in this position they cannot capture each other but if they are in the same horizontal line or the same vertical line then depending on which turn it is either this can capture this one or this can capture this one. So being on one horizontal or vertical line for the piece which is called a rook is important for being able to capture something. Okay, so here is the condition of this problem. We have this board and we have two rooks. One is white another is black and the problem is if I randomly put it on the board two rooks what's the probability of one being able to capture another? Or another word what's the probability of two rooks on the 8 by 8 board to stand in the same horizontal or vertical line? Now I started with something which is very important as I said that two rooks are randomly placed on the board. Now what the word randomly means? Well in this problem and in probably many many others if the word randomly is specified without concrete definition of how randomly it's distributed it implies actually the even distribution which means if I have 8 by 8 64 cells 64 squares on the board and I randomly place one particular piece on the board basically the probability of each is 164. So all probabilities are evenly distributed. Now that's easy to say when you are in a discrete distribution case. What if you are facing the distribution which is called continuous? Well in this case we are also implying that random means proportional to some natural measure which is already defined. For instance if I'm saying that a random variable takes random variable on and the segment from A to B it means it's basically proportion is proportional to the any kind of a sub-segment from it. So the probability to be within this segment is proportional to its lengths. The probability to be within the entire segment is one so the probability to be in any other segment is basically proportional to the ratio of this length versus this length. If I'm talking about random distribution of a point inside a square then basically it means that if I will take any kind of a figure inside the square which has boundaries. So the probability for the point to be inside this particular area is basically a ratio between the area of this figure divided by the area of a circle. So random means evenly. Alright so we have defined this thing. Now let's go back to our problem. Now the classical definition of the probability as I was saying before it's basically a ratio in case of discrete even distribution of probabilities. It's basically a ratio of good versus all. So in our case what we are saying what is good? Good is the position when two rooks can capture each other which means they are on the same horizontal or vertical line. Now all events is all the different positions of two rooks right? Now so let's just count one and count another. Let's start from the sample space. What's the whole set of elementary events? The whole set of positions of two rooks on on the board. Well for the first rule let's say the first is white doesn't really matter. We have 64 different positions and for the second we have all the other positions there are 63 left. So this is number of elementary events in our random experiment. Now which one of these are good? Well let's just think about. Whenever my white rook is in any of the points any of the squares on 8 by 8 board you have let me just draw it. So this is the point where my rook is. Now all these all these all these and all these are good places to put another rook so they are in the same horizontal or vertical space right? Now if the whole board is 8 by 8 it means there are 7 here and 7 squares here. Altogether I have 14 different positions of the other rook to be on so they can capture each other. So for each of these and there are 64 of them there are 14 candidates for the position of the second rook. So what I'm saying is that my probability in this particular case should be equal to the number of positions which we consider to be our good positions which we would like to count as candidates for our event. So that number of elementary events constitute the event which we are looking for event when two rooks can capture each other and we have to divide it by the total number of elementary events. And again we are talking about random which means in this case even distribution of probabilities that's why we just count the number of these events because each one of these events has the same probability. So the ratio is obviously 1463 which is 2 9s. So that stands with the probability of 2 9s which is not a small probability if I just drop two rooks on the board the probability 2 9s that they will be able to capture each other. They will be in the same horizontal or vertical line. Now again I would like to emphasize the classic approach here total number of events in the denominator and the number of good events in the numerator of the ratio that's what gives you the probability in case the probability is evenly distributed among all the elementary events which we have actually said from the very beginning. Number two we have 26 letters of English alphabet from A to Z. Now let's consider that I randomly put all these 26 letters into a sequence one letter another the third one etc. Randomly again randomly means that any particular position of these 26 letters in one line has exactly the same probability as any other. So let's just start from the from the very beginning how many different elementary events we have that's how many permutations we have from 26 letters which is 26 factorial right so that's the number of permutations now fine that's okay let's go further now we are talking about number of only those positions of these 26 letters when letter A precedes letter Z not necessarily just somewhere is letter A but Z should be to the right of this letter okay so in this particular case let me just make this test a little bit easier we really don't care about all other letters BCD etc. We care only about two letters A and Z which means we can just forget about 26 different letters we can just concentrate on these two however we would like to say that these two are supposed to be positioned among 26 different places right so let's forget about what we had that we have some other letters we completely disregard them for this particular problem so let's just concentrate on these two so we have 26 positions and two letters A and Z can actually be in in any positions among these 26 now so how many different positions of two letters can be if you have the 26 places and only two letters well obviously this is the number of combinations we have 26 places where letter A can be positioned right and Z should be positioned on any other and the others are 25 so this is number of different elementary events and so we instead of this we have reduced the number of elementary events to this number and obviously the probability of each of them is 1 over 26 25th 26 times 25th all right so these are the number of elementary events which we actually care about now the number of good elementary events are those when A precedes Z now let's count them so we have counted how many elementary events we have all together any position of A and any position of Z by the way if you start from Z it will be exactly the same any position of Z and then the A will be on any of these positions so it doesn't really matter how to how we start now how many positions satisfy our condition that A is preceding B Z sorry well for a we have 25 different places right number one number two number three etc these are places a can be here can be here here here and here a cannot be on position 26 because there is nothing to the right of it and Z has no place right so for a you have only these positions from 1 to 25 now if a is positioned here how many different positions for the Z are this this this this this this so 26 minus 1 which is 25 positions if a is here Z is supposed to be to the right of it and there are only 24 now different variations right now a can be here in which case I have 23 etc and if a is here I have one position for the Z which is to number 26 some of these is actually the number of elementary events which satisfy our condition of a preceding Z okay what's this sum well this sum is equal to you know what it is right the arithmetic progression if you don't remember the formula you have to write it in opposite order and sum together this is 25 sorry so you have 26 26 26 in each pair right so you have 25 times 26 but this is 2s so you have to divide it by 2 so that's the answer right so my answer number of positions which number of elementary events if you wish which satisfy our criteria is this and this is the total number of elementary events of all the different positions of the letters a and z amount 26 places so we have to divide this by this and obviously as a result you have one half now why did I actually go through all these troubles let's just think about it differently a and z can be positions can be positioned either a precedes z or we can always change them and z would precede a so the number of elementary events when a precedes z is exactly the same as number of events when z precedes a right because for each of these there is each of those which means that the total probability one should be evenly divided between a precedes z and z precedes a so that's why we have one half which we can actually come up with just through this logical explanation but again I wanted to solve this problem through some kind of classical approach number of elementary events and number of elementary events which satisfy our condition and take the ratio just as in the illustration alright next problem okay next problem is you take only 16 cards out of a standard deck you take four jacks four queens four kings and four aces okay reduced deck if you wish now we can actually put these cards in any order what I'm interested in I'm interested in the probability of randomly putting them in the order which is four jacks then followed by four queens followed by four kings followed by four aces which means they will be in the rank order and I don't care about suits I mean hearts spades doesn't really matter as long as I have four different jacks followed by four different queens followed by four different kings and for four different aces that's okay with me and question is if I randomly have these 16 cards and put it in in in a line one after another what's the probability of getting this particular order that they will be in a rank order in an increasing rank order okay let's just think about it again we have to consider the sample space which contains all the different elementary events which are obviously 16 factorial number of all the permutations of these 16 cards now let's think about which of these permutations are good for us well let's just think about it I have four jacks in the very beginning but they can be in any order so it's not just one particular order it's actually a four factorial all different permutations of these four different jacks is good for me now with each of these I can have four different permutations of queens and with each of them four different permutations of king and four different permutations of ace so that's my answer because this is the number of good combinations when the order is preserved and this is the total number of all the combinations and if I will divide one by another I will get the probability so it's four factorial to the power of four divided by 16 factorial which actually I have approximately 1 over 63 now it's not approximately it's exactly more than 63 million so 1 over 63 million is the probability of this type of a random position of my 16 cards okay and last one is an example of continuous distribution so before we were dealing with discrete distributions and we were basically counting elementary events good elementary events which are supposed to be combined together into event we are interested in the probability of and the total number of elementary events and since we are talking about even distribution of probabilities the word random was used without any specification of how random which means it's evenly it's assumed it's even now we are talking about continuous distribution and this is a very simple example but I think it's very educational let's consider you have a circle of a diameter R and you inscribed a square with diagonal R R right so my question is if you take a point and randomly throw it inside this particular circle what's the probability of this point to be inside the square so as I was saying before if you have something like a continuous probability you really have to use some kind of a Nate natural measure of the events now in this case measure is actually area so if I'm talking about randomly throwing a point inside the circle it means that the probability for this point to be inside any kind of a figure is proportional to its area so the area of the whole circle if you have a diameter air R is what pi and radius is r divided by 2 so it's pi r divided pi square divided by 4 that's the area of entire circle now what's the area of of this square but if diagonal is R then the side is R divided by square root of 2 and I have to square it to get the area right so this is the area of a square and this is the area of a circle and they have to divide one by another to get the probability so it would be R square divided by 2 square root of 2 square divided by pi R square 4 obviously this is reduced this is 2 is equal to 2 over pi so this is the probability pi is like 3 and 14 so it's about what 0.7 something 0.6 0.6 it's less than less than two-thirds okay so it's about 2.6 0.6 the probability to get inside the square if you randomly put drop the point inside the circle randomly means evenly proportionally to the area okay that was my last problem again all these problems are easy I do recommend you to go to Unizor.com and review them again just solve yourself without looking at the notes and then check against the notes and all of these problems are about the same thing it's a classical definition of the probability as a measure measure of good versus all measure of whatever we are interested versus whatever exists basically and in case of discrete events we usually just count all the elementary events which constitute our event we are interested in and divided by the total number of elementary events because the measure is distributed evenly in case of continuous distribution like this we have to think about natural measure of the subject of our distribution in this case if I'm talking about a point which is dropped inside the circle randomly it means that the distribution is proportional to the area that's it for today thank you very much and good luck