A very good morning ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the second day of the second virtual edition of the Tekken Innovation Summit. I am Punita Sabarwal Kapoor, deputy editor, entrepreneur, media addressing budding entrepreneurs on the various nuances of setting up successful and sustainable business in India with our second keynote speaker of the day. Mr. Marivala is a visionary who has built a value-driven organization and made a spectacular contribution to society in driving an innovation culture. Much ahead of the times, he disrupted the market and his own business with products and services, which are household names today. Having stood the test of time for over three decades. A change maker, he has nurtured innovation not only in his company but across the ecosystem and is also enabling high potential broad stage entrepreneurs in their journey. Please join me in welcoming Mr. Harsh Marivala, founder and chairman of Marico Private Limited and co-author of the book Harsh Realities Story of Making of Marico, which was launched earlier this month. He's also been awarded the EY entrepreneur of the year 2020. So, we are so glad to welcome you today. The stage is all yours. Thank you. Thank you, Punita, for that introduction and good morning to all of you. All the entrepreneurs who are creating so much wealth for all the stakeholders, whether it's your own self as your promoter shareholders or your employees or your key associates, the society and I strongly believe that entrepreneurs are the only route. Entrepreneurship is the only route for India's growth engine. Entrepreneurs will drive the Indian growth to a much, much higher rate. So we need more and more entrepreneurs and I'm so happy that all of you are there and I can talk to you because you are playing a very, very important role. And as Punita had mentioned earlier, I have penned my own entrepreneurial journey through a book which I will show it to you. It's called Harsh Realities and it's a book which is published by Penguin. Its name is a pun on my name, Harsh Realities. It's my own journey. It's co-authored by renowned management guru and coach Professor Ramcharan who has written 30 books selling something like four million copies. It is in a story format and at the end of each chapter Ramcharan has given his own insights. It's very easy reading and all I can say is that it has a lot of take home value for entrepreneurs, students, professionals. So this is one thing I can assure you and if anybody doesn't get that I'm willing to do whatever you ask me to do. But all I can say is that it has a lot of learning. The whole objective in writing this book was to disseminate knowledge from my own journey and I'm 100% sure that whoever buys that book and reads that book will get a lot of take home value which you can apply to your life, to your business. Having said that just for your information because I'm talking to all the entrepreneurs are normally you dedicate the book to your family member or somebody who's paid a very, very important role in your journey. And I didn't do that and just to show this is the book dedication to all the entrepreneurs who are creating economic prosperity for the country and all the stakeholders. So I strongly believe that entrepreneurs are playing a very, very important role and congratulations to all of you for doing so. As a part of my personal social responsibility also I have started an entrepreneurship organization which is known as Ascent, A-S-C-E-N-T. And it's something which is funded by me. So any of you who are entrepreneurs if they want to join you can just go to the website and see the website is www.ascentfoundation.n And it has all it mentions how do you apply, how do you get selected, there is hardly any cost attached to it. So it's something which is funded by me. I would strongly urge that if you are running a business, look at that website and apply, we would want to have more and more members to join Ascent. As of today we have about 700 plus members who are actively involved in Ascent but it means some time commitment because you learn a lot from other peers. So this is an invite to all the entrepreneurs to join. Coming now to the topic for today's discussion which is opportunities arising out of pandemic. Yes, I know the pandemic has had its huge impact in terms of negative impact on loss of lives, loss of livelihoods. And I'm not discounting that but I think as entrepreneurs we need to have look at the other side of the coin also just like there have been negative impacts that are huge positives also and today I'm going to speak about those positives. I think the most important thing which came out in my opinion was that the leaders realize that all the stakeholders are equally important in managing a business and the whole business is just not for just promoters or entrepreneurs but they are all interlink. So whether it is your employees or your associates or your customers or the society it's very important that you look at all the stakeholders and not just yourself or the shareholders. Because all of them are interlinked if I do something good for my own employees, it will have a positive impact on their motivation, they will work better it will reflect on better corporate results. And again all the stakeholders benefit similarly, if I walk that extra mile in giving that customer experience or customer product, which is far superior than your competition you will get more and more satisfied customers repeat customers word of mouth. So again it'll add a lot of value to the business and all the others will benefit similarly on associates and if we are able to improve the lives of our associates their productivity we teach them. Then they will also feel more, shall I say more aligned to working with the organization. So what I'm trying to say is that the purpose of the organization has come out loud and clear in this pandemic and organizations have realized that it pays to look at all the stakeholders and not just shareholders or key employees. So how do you, what happened when the pandemic broke out and in the first wave of pandemic there was a lot of fear, fear is unknown people didn't know what is likely to happen. So that led to a huge degree of anxiety amongst all the employees and they didn't know what will happen to them whether the business will continue whether they'll be sacking whether there will be salary cuts. So anxiety led to stress and then on top of that sitting at home not doing anything was adding to the stress the family members the children so that first wave was very very stressful because of all these reasons. And I think a company like Mariko we went overboard and communicating with with all our members regularly. So every month the CEO would meet all the members who are a part of the company. And not only that I mean we also invited their families because families have a huge influence on the members. And in addition to that we did a lot of programs to keep the family occupied. Things like for children specific classes, fitness classes, Zumba classes, music classes, hobbies for our housewives cooking classes, meditation mental health classes physical health classes. It gave us a great opportunity to come very close to the family members and I think that's played a very very important role in in overall our engagements course with our employees. Our employees have been very very happy because they knew exactly what the organization was going through. And more importantly that the organization looked at all the stakeholders in of the family members which includes all the family members whether it's children spouse or parents. And that has played a very very important role in bringing the family members closer to the company. In terms of we also give a lot of advice on safety hygiene what kind of help you need online doctor consultations. When the pandemic when our factories opened up we took great care in in providing a lot of support to our employees to ensure that they they were looked after and in the second way also we we bought wax ventilators we bought oxygen machines and the CEO and head of HR whenever they they heard that somebody was infected they would personally call that person give them insurance. We also had some arrangement with hospitals. So that extra caring empathy which was exhibited by the top management went a huge did a very very important role in in our engagement scores motivational levels of our members. In addition to that a lot of employees took steps to do things which was beyond their role. And when the factories were operating for the half factory and we supply a lot of our products to to the retail distributors are closed. So we were mapping each and every town in terms of what is happening to distributors what is happening to retailers if there's a problem with distributors then you would try and supply them through some other route. We had been connected with all the leaders through an app where they wanted to place an order for our products they could do so. We also had an app for the consumers if they wanted to order directly any of our products they could do so our factories went off on production within a few days of the first lockdown and all the supply chain. A lot of people played a very very important role beyond their their duty you know and I think we started America recognize scheme where we were recognizing the role played by extraordinary individuals in this journey and we used to write that and share it with all the members of the organization and that role in terms of feel good factor and it it also actually encourage other people to play a role beyond their defined role to the recognition played a very very important role in recognizing heroes we also had three contest amongst our members and organize. One was how do you work from home and how do you make it effective. Number two was what are the innovative opportunities and the environment which the organization can exploit and number three because of this and other reasons which are the areas where we can improve cost structure and we got many many suggestions. We got some like 2000 entries and a lot of take home value so we have implemented that and a huge benefit of keeping employees engaged in a period where they were sitting at home and they had some time. In terms of our own customers we went overboard in terms of giving them app giving them any anything which they needed a company like which is our sister company which started doing webinars on skin consolidation.  If especially in a in a service business like kaya and I think that's an important role in I think bringing customers closer to us. We also did online in sighting with our customers in terms of their preferences new product opportunities and I think that also gave us a lot of ideas in terms of what to launch. As far as associates are concerned we we gave them whatever we did with our employees we did to them, some of them needed financial help so we give them financial help so that they were back on track in terms of their supplies. All in all I think this played a very very important role in our journey the first wave as I said it was earlier was more to do with fear of unknown. The second wave was more fear of losing somebody was close to you to our overall stimulus or our response to the second wave was different than the first wave. We had mastered the supply chain so it was easier for us to get back to the market. The second wave we had to prioritize health or performance, and we said that don't take undue risk. If any of you are infected members are having infected we will go extra mile and protecting of family members as well as you in terms of ventilation, oxygen, hospitalization, and things like that so I think the second wave response was different compared to the first wave. In all in all I think this led to reflecting on what kind of leadership style is needed, and the pandemic is thrown some new insights in terms of how to deal with people. Leaders have to be far more open trusting fair fairness is very important all the employees have to have to perceive that the organization been fair to them, whether it's a salary card or if you're a layoff person, very transparent in terms of telling what's a high degree of empathy in terms of caring and very collaborative so I think these are the traits which emerged and got accelerated in terms of leadership traits through the pandemic. Now coming to the opportunities which came in because of the environmental changes, multiple opportunities the biggest one is in the area of digital shifts. Whether it is our business through e-commerce was 3% of our total turnover prior to pandemic and now it's 9% so a huge shift towards e-commerce and we had to, I mean we are proactively looking at this from an opportunistic point of view. We've seen e-meetings, e-seminals like what we are doing it, the advantage of this is that people all over India can log in. Of course there are benefits of having physical meetings, but the biggest benefit is that you know you waste less time in the past whenever there was some interviews I would call people for an one hour meeting from our station. Now I will never call because I'm so used to having these zoom calls that it will just reduce unnecessary travel and time spent. The housewife has got used to ordering goods from e-commerce. The children have got used to e-learning but there's no shortcut to schooling but I think these trends will lead to a hybrid way of working in future. There is e-consultation as far as doctors are concerned. We've started e-consultation for Akai business and that has opened up new opportunities beyond where we are present in terms of clinics to small towns, virtual meetings, work from home is a big, big area which is opened up and depending on the kind of business you are in, in some cases we have actually said that you can work from home anywhere in India and you can apply for that particular part of business wherever you're based as long as you have a good connectivity. The digital marketing also has got a big, big thrust in terms of marketing too through the digital route. So overall digital is a big, big moment for those who are dependent on China or those who are making products which are competing with China. The China disruption also has opened up a new set of opportunities to enter new markets. Now the overall awareness about health has increased dramatically. So whether it's physical health, mental health, spiritual health, so whether you're running exercise classes, yoga, gyms online, healthy food. We ourselves have launched a range of healthy foods which includes what we call noodles which is a combination of noodles and made out of water. We have launched Arsaphola honey, we have launched immunity builders like Kada and turmeric milk. So we capitalize on those opportunities and these trends will continue in terms of vitamins, nutraceuticals. So health is a big, big shift and it may not be at the same degree of growth which has happened in the last year but these trends will continue in the future. The second is hygiene, we saw a big thrust on sanitizers, wipes. We also ourselves got to veggie cleaner to clean vegetables and fruits. So again a lot of thrust on hygiene, masks and things like that. The environmental has taken a huge, huge jump and people are far more environment conscious whether it's to reduce pollution or to improve sustainability, anti pollution products. So this is something which will continue and technology will play a very, very important role in this. So any of you are in some related business, you could look at opportunities in these areas. I think the business model itself has undergone changes depending on the kind of business you are in. We have seen restaurants which were earlier selling food only in the restaurant but now they are actually, they have started, many of them have started Cloud Kitchen and that's a big source of revenue for them. For Kaia itself, we are doing as I said, we have tied up with people like cult, fitness and giving e-consultation in smaller towns also. So again, a whole host of opportunities emerging because the business model has changed. I think these are some of the work from home again has opened up a whole host of opportunities in terms of gadgets at home. How do you keep your children occupied, furniture for working from home. So a whole host of initiatives can be undertaken to tap that opportunity. So these are some of my learnings in my journey in terms of the pandemic. I think things have improved. My personal viewpoint is that the way we face the second wave in terms of the business side. I agree that on the personal side or the health side, there will be gaps in terms of hospitalization, oxygen ventilators. But on the business side, the businesses did far better in the second wave because they had already experienced the first wave of negatives. And I think now in the second wave, I'm sure that we've learned a lot in terms of oxygen ventilators, hospitalization. So I personally think that I hope that the third wave doesn't come, but one doesn't know what will happen. The whole pandemic is so unpredictable that nobody in the world can predict what will happen. There are talks of the third wave coming in. And they are saying that even if the third wave comes in, I've been in touch with some leading doctors, people who are involved in this. The thinking is that if the third wave comes in, it will be less harmful in terms of the impact on children as well as overall it will be more diluted version. But what I'm trying to say is even if it comes, we are far better equipped from all angles, whether it is the health angle in terms of healthcare facilities or the business normalcy. And I believe that we will be better faced. So I would say cautiously optimistic about the future of India. And the fact that we have already done vaccination, then that is increasing month by month. We also have to the sero-surveys. You realize that out of one reported 27 people have got infected, but it's not got reported. So combination of these issues of vaccination already infected a large number of people. And the fact that we are better equipped in terms of supply chain, managing businesses, working from home, improved oxygen healthcare. We have seen the government especially in Maharashtra. I definitely see that the government has put up some facilities just to be on the safe side. So I personally think that we are far, far better equipped. And even if it comes in, the impact will be much, much lesser unless a new mutation comes in, which is very, very dangerous. But hopefully that will not happen. So I think that's where I look at the pandemic in terms of its impact on business. I agree that one is feeling bad in the first wave. I was feeling very bad about the migrant labor who had to go back to their hometowns without any food in the heat. In the second wave, I very, very sad that a lot of family members of our own friends, I mean, they were not able to cope up with this pandemic and we lost them. So I agree that all that is negative. But I think that's behind us and we have to also look at the positive side. I'm not discounting the negative part. I mean, I'm sad about it, but I think I'm balancing it by looking at the positives in this pandemic. And I think that's what I wanted to talk to all of you. I think just to end, I'm saying that net net, I am very cautiously optimistic. We have to look at the positive side. And I think if things are back to normal, we will see far more better economic growth. I know that many sectors have not done well and it has had a huge impact on unemployment. But hopefully with with economy bouncing back things will be much better shape. We are also a bit more frustrated in terms of staying at home and not able to travel. But hopefully that will be passed. And all I can say is that I hope what I'm saying will come out true, but I'm quite optimistic that things will improve from now onwards. So with that, I just want to end by saying that, as I said earlier, the book is something which is very dear to me. I have spent a lot of time in writing the book, and there are a lot of valuable lessons in the book as an entrepreneur as a student as a professional. It talks about my own journey, how I managed family. I was a part of a large family, eight, nine members and how a family is very important in terms of managing family dynamics and all that is covered in detail in the book. How do you attract talent? How do you retain talent? How do you build a culture of innovation is another part, then how do you select your product portfolio? How do you become a market leader in each and every segment you are present in? And we've had threats from other strong competitors. How do you mitigate that threat? How do you expand internationally? How do you create a small company culture in a large company by launching a new business like Kaya? And then goes into corporate responsibility, social corporate responsibility, looks at the purpose of an organization. And finally, I end by talking of Maxims at Waterman Maxims, and I'll just read out. I think the key thing is to at an individual level, what are the key learnings which I've had. So the key thing is to leverage your strengths rather than always looking at your weaknesses. Be focused. Do a few things, but do them well. Focus leads to depth and depth leads to excellence. Take risks because every person fails and there is no harm in failing. Try and de-risk it by doing it on a small scale, but risk taking is very, very important. And I just want to read out of poem, which is there as a part of the book.  To weep is to risk appearing sentimental. To reach for another risk to risk involvement. To expose your ideas, your dreams before a crowd is to risk their loss. To love is to risk not being loved in return. To live is to risk dying. To believe is to risk despair. To try is to risk failure, but risk must be taken because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing. The people who risk nothing do nothing, have nothing, are nothing. So all I can say is this taking is very important. Failure is absolutely all right. And it's okay to fail as long as you learn from those failures.  Have a purpose in life. And finally end with grit, which is a combination of passion combined with perseverance and determination. Because passion by itself is not enough, but you need to combine passion with determination, perseverance. So these are my thoughts and which have been very well captured. And as I started off earlier, for those who joined late, all I can say is that this book will have a lot of value addition. And papered by nuggets of wisdom from Professor Ramchand, who is a leading management consultant and author of many best of our books. So with that I end my presentation and if there are any questions, we could do that. Thanks Mr. Mario. I must say those were real nuggets of wisdom for all entrepreneurs out there. And I'm all the more excited to finish the book as early as possible. So there are lots of questions lined up. I'll just take a couple of them. I'll just read them out for you. So one user is asking what resilience would you want to see young entrepreneurs exercise and what can they learn from their tech peers? Young entrepreneurs, that's what I couldn't understand the question. They learn from them. What resilience would you want to see young entrepreneurs exercise and what can they learn from their tech peers? Tech peers, okay. I think tech is a different, I mean I reckon that you're talking about the new age tech business, which go after high turnover and high losses combined, I am not able to understand that model. But the key thing is, I'm sure there is a story in that the valuation point could be differing because the market is valuing thinking that there's a fear of missing out. But I think they are bringing in a lot of new ideas and technology by itself is a great enabler in terms of how do you integrate that in your current business? Would you want to start a new tech business? It's something which one should look at. But for any tech business to grow, the key thing is you have to have funds and you need to sell your story to other investors because there is a lot of burn if it is a difficult tech business. So you need to ensure that you are not starved of cash liquidity and this is something which was hit also, which hit many other organizations through the pandemic which had taken a lot of loans and they were not able to manage and a group like Future Group went bust almost or not bust or they are forced to sell out. So I think it's very important that the liquidity is handled properly and in tech business you will need continuous funding and you need to have a story which will make you succeed. Separately pandemic which I didn't cover was agility which came up very clearly by developing vaccines. Vaccines which normally took about seven, eight years have got developed in one and a half to two years and that is fantastic because our cycle times are reduced dramatically and that itself shows that if we put our mind to it we can condense our time cycles for developing new products or anything we are doing which is taking much longer time through innovative means of involving competitors, other stakeholders and collaborations. Sure. There's another question by a user referring to you joining the family business at an early age. So in today's time if somebody wants to join the family business what advice would you give them? So I think a lot depends on what is the family business and are you, I mean are you equipped to run that business? I don't think every person who was born in the family should go into the family business because he's a part of the family. I think the key thing is do you have skills to run the family business? You like that or not? For example, if my family business were based on high degree of technology, I'm not a technical person. I would have, it's better that I don't get into that business. I think the first is analyzing what are your strengths, weaknesses and are you equipped to run that and are there opportunities for you to add value? And I think then ultimately the family charter will determine also to what extent if there's a large family would, are they looking at adding more and more family and budget to the business? It's a double-edged sword family also is a huge, huge opportunity, huge strength, but if it is not managed well the family can also be negative for the business. Sure. I'll just take one last question before I ask my colleague Bhavana to announce the awards. So there's a question by a user which says, in this time when the consumer branch market is so competitive, how a startup can have an edge over others? So good question. I think we've seen that in the last two, three years. We've seen emergence of a lot of D2C brands and I think the route to go is to D2C, which is not physical distribution, sell it through e-commerce, not advertising on television and press but doing it through digital marketing and a lot of entry barriers have been overcome through this D2C routes. Five years back these companies would not have been able to enter the market because the money you require to have physical distribution as well as through advertising on mass media is very, very high and the other whole thing is much more condensed. So you see a great opportunities in D2C businesses. So you have to go D2C but the key thing is you have to identify something which is pioneering, which others are not offering or something innovative because this space also is getting very crowded whether it's personal care or food, a lot of entrepreneurs are looking at this as an opportunity. So have what I call the right to win. Have something unique which will cut ice with the consumer, unique in terms of quality, unique in terms of innovation, differentiated or unique in terms of the first move in terms of nobody else is not and you know something first time in India. So uniqueness which ultimately has to appeal to the consumer. So you start doing consumer and setting developer proposition which is unique and do it through D2C route.


Hello and welcome to the session. I am Shashi and I am going to help you with the following question, questions raise. Answer the following as true or false. Given statement is two vectors having same magnitude are collinear. Let us now start with the solution. First of all let us define collinear vectors. Two or more vectors are said to be collinear if they are parallel to the same line irrespective of their magnitudes and direction. Now the given statement is two vectors having same magnitude are collinear. We have to find if this statement is true or false. By the definition of collinear vectors we know two or more vectors are collinear if they are parallel to the same line. Whatever be their magnitudes and directions. Now here in this statement given two vectors must be parallel to the same line only then they will be collinear. So the statement two vectors having same magnitude are collinear is false. This is our required answer. This completes the session. Hope you understood the solution. Take care. Have a nice day.


Hi again. In this lesson, we're going to talk about that how to convert uppercase characters to lowercase and at the same time convert the lowercase to uppercase characters. For example, let's say that we have a string, let's call it myString and let's put inside it few words. For example, let's say New York and and now what we want to do is to convert all uppercase letters to the lowercase and at the same time convert all lowercase letters to the uppercase. So in order to do that, we're going to call function swap case this function will swap our letters, so uppercase letters become lowercase letters and lowercase letters become uppercase letters. That's all in this lesson. Thanks for watching. Bye. Bye


This is JSA TV, the newsroom for tech and telecom professionals. I'm Dean Perine and welcome to JSA TV We are coming at you on location at Metro Connect. Almost forgot where I was at Metro Connect 2019 in beautiful Miami, Florida, and I'm here with Mr. Carlos Cojab. Carlos is the vice president of Centro Telecom. Carlos, welcome to JSA TV. Thank you very much, Zane.  Yeah, well, Centro Telecom started like 25 years ago. We started as a carrier doing wholesale voice, international services, data and SMS, and 10 years ago we started delivering services to the enterprise. Doing everything as a service, everything from the cloud, all state-of-the-art, the best technology for the enterprise in Mexico. So we have different products all the way from unified communications, video conferencing, SMS, contact centers, Microsoft solutions, and we delivered this to the to the companies in Mexico, to the top 1,000 companies, mid-sized companies, and like disrupting the market in Mexico all around and a couple of years ago we started deploying our fiber network. We're doing a great job down there. So Mexico is one of your primary markets. Why don't you tell our viewers a little bit about the demand for your services in Mexico? Yeah, well, Mexico, it's a great market. As you know, it's a great opportunity to invest. It's a great country that companies are growing a lot and there's a lot of demand as in the whole world for connectivity, for technology, for all the these services, for the enterprise and for everyone and most. So the telecom industry has been pretty stable on the past and I think that we in central are disrupting a lot of things and down there we're doing things differently. We try to deliver all the best solutions to the enterprises and now with our fiber network, we're trying to disrupt again the market delivering all the best dark fiber wavelengths. We have a great product down there called cloud connectivity, where we deliver connectivity to our enterprises, to the enterprises, to the main cloud providers, AWS, Oracle SAP and all of these guys and we see that in Mexico there's huge opportunity for growth and connectivity, of course. Very good. So let's talk about trends a little bit. 2019 is well underway now. What trends are you seeing in the industry? Well, one of the major subjects that we're hearing is 5G. Of course, yeah. Of course, as you know, we see that in Mexico, everything happens a couple of years back from here in the US. But we're also starting to see upgrades on the networks, upgrades on the connectivity. We're seeing a lot of increase on the demand and data, a lot of on the enterprise side. By the other hand, we're seeing a lot of need for as a service product, as a service offerings, cloud offerings as well. We've seen a lot of demand of cloud solutions for everyone, of course. Very good. And how about any recent news coming out of the company? Well, of course, I think it's it's very important that we go deep on our fiber project. Of course, we've been a couple of years and started the construction. We're already on the top cities in Mexico. We have already around a thousand kilometers of fiber deployed. We are within the top cities, as I mentioned, in Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey, Cancun, Queretaro delivering all the best routes on the major corridors, the major enterprise, financial and industrial corridors. We're delivering a we're deploying a state-of-the-art network with high-count fiber, very dense, with all the best practices, and the best way to do the network, future proof, and for the demand, of course. And we're starting also a great long-haul project, connecting our major metro rings and connecting a lot of different cities around Mexico as well, with different routes, alternative routes, and deploying all of this fiber around for the next three to five years. We will have around 10,000 kilometers. Fantastic, fantastic. So for our viewers that want to learn more about Centro, where should they go to find out? Yeah, you can visit our website, Centro.com. Okay, outstanding. Thank you very much for being with us. Thank you very much. And thank you viewers for watching JSA TV. We'll see you soon.


So wala si Anton ngayon, so we can do whatever we want. Dead joke lang. So we're here at Hardware Sugar in Makati in sa aming physical store and we've been getting requests to do cable management video so that's what we're going to do. We're going to build a system, a brand new system tapos we're going to give you four tips para makable manage nantama yung system nyo. Although pwede rin naman to doon sa mga existing ng systems or mga built na systems na so okay na yon. I'm Rocky the programmer and with me is Jay, our resident tech guy and this is four tips for cable management. So tip number one is to plan and visualize your build. So bago ka mag cable manage, bago ka mag buhol-buhol or mag putul-putul ng wires, dapat alam mo mo na kustan mag end up yung component mo inside the case that also goes for all the cables and all the headers kung saan mo siya ipapasok sa motherboard mo. And also yung allowance na ia alat mo for the length of the cables. So basically lahat nung kailangan na headers nya at nasa perimeter ng motherboard. And that goes the same naman for almost all motherboards lahat nung kailangan mo like yung headers ng RGB, yung front panel headers na doon siya sa gilin with the exceptions of some na nasa bandang CPU. So we'll start on identifying nasa an yung headers nung motherboard. For example this motherboard has headers for PWM fans near the CPU and another the bottom side of the motherboard. Same with the RGB headers na gagamitin since they're also important. There's one on the bottom side, there's also one sa right side nung motherboard so we'll start from there. Okay so next we'll determine saan naman tatakbo yung cables natin. I group up PWM fans from top side sa hardware side nung case. Then we'll run it here sa right mouse side nung case para mapasok natin sa PWM header near the CPU since tulang yung header ng CPU anang build natin. Next yung cables natin from the PSU like for example etong 24 pin power for the motherboard. As you can see nyo sa case natin nara na siya ang built in route para dito sa cable nato. Atos sa, since this hole is the nearest route para sa 24 pin port natin sa motherboard, yun yung pinang ideal na route para sa anang. Okay sa please note na we're not committing sa cabling natin, we're just visualizing saan mas ideal na erouting cables for the build. And it's normal din na bawa nakapag-tay ka na, pwede mong ulitin yun kaya at this point minimize natin yun kaya we're planning and visualizing it. Okay tip number two is manage the slack. As you can see yun ang mga yun, yun doa. Design sila na maging sobrang haba kasi siyempre they want to accommodate for a lot of configurations and sizes nung case that's why sobrang haba nito lagi. Itong step na ito is yun pag-manage nung excess na length ng cables. So we'll give an example here yun PWM cables from the fan. One is longer, one is shorter. What I usually do is twin-twist ko yun longer dun sa shorter cable so they'll have the same length and mas madali silang yun manage. Yun. As you can see para sa silan ng length, almost para silan ng length. We can manage them more easier. Next ETS, as you can see medyo kalat siya. We can route this here para malas natin yun slack. Then later papaitaw sa inyo kung pa na natin siya i-keep on that place. Tip number three is keep it together. Ngayon na identify na natin yun tamang length ng cables. Next time na gagamit na tayo nung zip ties or twist ties or yun cable ties from inside your case. The idea here is to tie up yung excess na na identify nga natin. We want to keep it tight and neat inside the case para hindi rin sila naging interfere with each other. Dun kasi sa excess na length nung cables dun nagsisimula yun messiness dun sa alo ng case mo. We'll use the EPS cable as an example since in place na siya, we'll secure it by yun same zip ties, hindi siya going all over the place. Yes, that's the PWM header, since tumata ko sila sa isang route, I braided them nalang. So, di rin sila ka lahat. Pwede daw yun? Pwede yung pwede. So hindi naman siya masisira na yun yun? Hindi siya masisira. Since it's shielded din yung cable ng PWM, wala makiging problema nga nila. Next is front panel cable. Since meron ng mount for zip ties yung ating front panel cable route, dun natin siya is a zip tie. Same with the 24 pin power ng motherboard, meron siya mount dito, dito na rin natin siya isisip na. At this point, na plano na natin yung build and na route na natin ang tama yung cables, na address na rin natin yung slack. So ngayon, gagawin na natin yung tip number four and that is to hide and talk. Ngayon, ang gagawin natin is to basically iahide natin and ita talk din natin yung excess na cables para ang main na objective nito is to neatly and easily close yung back panel natin. So mamaya kapag ginawa na ni Jade yung pag-close nung panels, malalaman natin kung tama ba lahat nung pinagsasabi namin na tips. Kasi dapat swak yun as in walang bulge and walang tumatama na cable dun sa side panel pag kinlose na natin siya. As you can see, merong excess sata cables and mollix cables yung PSU natin na hindi natin nagamit. Since merong PSU shroud yung case natin, ita talk natin siya sa loob. So as you can see, hindi naman siya ultra super neat diba, pero hindi siya mag-interfere with anything, especially kung pag-close natin yung back panel, sana. Next, sa GPU, nung route tayo nung cables earlier, nila gawin siya ng kong ting allowance. Ipagplug natin siya dyan. Then, ito show natin yung cables ko balik. That way, ulang sobrang na na sa front side ng build. Then, ito zipline na natin siya ko balik. Okay, moment of truth. Malalaman natin kung may sense mo yung pinagsasabi namin sa video na to at this step. Ngayon, i-close natin yung back panel. Kailangan smooth yun. Kailangan hindi kami mahirapan, and kailangan mak-close namin without effort and without bulge dun sa backside panel. Okay, Jay, do the honors. Medyo anti-climactic, pero yung. Mahayos siya. Mahayos siya, mahayos. Okay, so back mo natin kailangan mag-cable manage. As you've seen dun sa videos, although we simplified it, it took a lot of time then. It's very time-consuming. And it's just sa mga pinakamatagal na processes na gagawin mo sa pag-build ng PC. So, bang baka kailangan ang gawin? Number one is yung aesthetics. Syempre, for cases like this na mayroong siyang tempered gas, may kita mo yung inside yung case. And it just brings you more pride and accomplishment. Kapag ka nakita mo na na sobrang ayos and sobrang uncluttered nung luog ng PC mo. Number two is yung ease of maintenance. Kung nakita niyo kanina na na maayos yung mga cables and routed sila properly, madali rin silang itake apart and madali rin silang linisin. Kadalasan kaya hindi natin nililinis yung lukob ng PC natin kasi pagbukas natin nung backside panel, parang napakagulu and napaka daunting na agad nung task. Kasi sobrang daming nangyayari and sobrang daming tangels and ang dami-daming mo kailangan gawin. Just to clean the thing. And cable management solves all of that. Mas madali siya linisin, mas madali siya in-maintain. Number three is yung ease din ng pag-upgrade. Since alang mo lahat kung sang nakarout yung cables mo and your headers mo. If you're going to let's say upgrade later, baka gusto mo palitan to ng radiator or light ang AIO, madali na kasi alang mo kung sang siya nakarout dun sa likod. Mas madali siya kang galin and mas madali siyang palitan din. It's a very time-consuming process but it is worthwhile. It's going to pay dividends years down the road and you'll enjoy your system for much longer. If you found this video helpful, please like and subscribe if you haven't already. Kumayang pa kayong mga tips and other comments, comment it down below and we'll see you next video. And all the thanks in the world to our top fans, Christian Espinosa, John Ruben Ocha, ITX addict, Richard Omkinko, Liam Meru and Liam Magnaye. Your support really goes a long way to helping upgrade the production quality of the channel and we really, really appreciate it. Thanks so much.


Ieithio gwanfaig i ddechart wedi eu cwladigfawr a'r ddechart yn fawr <IP_ADDRESS> yn y fawr Foulton-MacGregor do'r i'w gael gan hyn o unig o'r hiwn o'r gyfadduethau a'r ddechart.  I start by thanking colleagues from across the chamber for supporting this motion and allowing this important subject to be discussed in Parliament. I also take this opportunity to remind the chamber that I am the justice parliamentary liaison officer. We are joined in the gallery for this debate by representatives of missing people UK, missing people Scotland who have brought with them many of the families affected and the Moira Anderson Foundation. I would like to welcome them all and thank them for their continued hard work in this area. Presiding Officer, there isn't much that could be more devastating than realising that the loved one is missing and none of us can know how we would deal with such news. It's hard to imagine how you would feel and the impact it would have on your life. Unfortunately, this is the reality for many families across Scotland every single week. I know that members will be familiar with their social media timelines having appeals for missing people. Just in the last two weeks, I've shared police appeals for men, missing from my constituency, one from Coatbridge and another from Christon. Thankfully, both were found safe. It is important that, when this horrible thought becomes a reality, as it does for thousands of families every year, we have in place full support for those families. Thankfully, the vast majority of people who are missing are found safe and well, like those I mentioned, but that is not always the case. Presiding Officer, I want to reflect on a tragic case from my constituency that of Sean McKenna that has inspired me to take that issue up. When Sean went missing in 2016, the reaction of the Coatbridge and wider community was quite incredible. Hundreds of volunteers rallied to support police in the search. Sadly, by the time that Sean was found, it was too late and his family will forever mourn a much-loved son and brother. Sean Stard raised the issue with me at the time and spoke about hidden costs to a family member or loved one being missing, including the emotional and psychological trauma, the impact in relationships, the ability to work and the financial effect. I want to pay tribute to the whole McKenna family, who have continued to raise awareness on the subject of support for families of missing people. If parents have been a force in raising the issue with the press and organising charity events where the money that has been raised has went to support the families of those missing, they were unable to make today's debate. However, I know that they are taking a keen interest in it at home. Another tragic case from my constituency that members will be aware of is that of Moira Anderson, who went missing in Coatbridge in 1957 at the age of 11, and is to this day still considered a missing person. As recently as last year, police conducted a search of the Monkland canal in an effort to find her body, but to no avail. I pay tribute also to the continued work of Sandra Brown and the Foundation. The charity supports victims of childhood sexual abuse while ensuring that the search for Moira never stops. I know that they have continued to support Moira's remaining family and have provided support over a number of years. I am delighted to see the work of Professor Hester Parr from Glasgow University, who is working with Missing People UK to conduct new research into why people go missing by speaking to those who return. Around 99 per cent of people who are reported missing return within one month. That new research will be vital in identifying the causes of some people who go missing and will help to prevent it to where possible in the future. I welcome the investment from the Scottish Government in this area, training over 400 police officers, social workers and volunteers to help them to conduct what are called return interviews. The findings from those interviews are to be fed back to partner agencies to ensure that they are providing the necessary support to vulnerable people. I would ask that those return interviews include family, where possible. This week is the first-ever national awareness week on missing people, and I very much welcome its introduction. I do hope that colleagues were able to find the time to drop in and hear from Missing People UK at today's drop-in session, but some of the statistics in this area are indeed frightening. In the last year, 23,000 missing people incidents were reported to Police Scotland. That was 12,500 individuals. Of those, almost two thirds were children and young people. More than half of the children who go missing in Scotland are in the care system. We must do better, and I know that the Scottish Government's care review will consider that issue in the wider context of being looked after and accommodated and our overall duty as a society to watch young people. In addition, there has been a lot of discussion recently in this chamber on the issue of mental health, with suicide the biggest killer of men under 45 across the UK. This is an issue that we all must work together across the world to tackle. It is important that we recognise the link between mental health and people going missing. It is suggested that somewhere in the region of 80 per cent of people who are reported missing have some form of mental or emotional health issue. That is where the important research of Professor Paran or teams should provide improvements. If we can identify the cause, we can step in earlier to prevent people disappearing. As I said earlier, one of the main issues that came to light for me when I was speaking to the family of Sean McKenna was the lack of support in place for the families of missing people. As I mentioned at the start of my speech, none of us conceivably imagined how we could possibly handle a loved one going missing. It is important that as a society we get this right, we need to take what is being said by those families who have experienced missing loved ones and ensure that we improve our systems. There needs to be an emotional and psychological support, as well as practical help for those who struggle to keep their jobs or even their homes. The hidden effects of a person going missing. I welcome the Scottish Government's national framework for missing persons, which was launched just last year. The recommendations that have come from that are strongly supported by missing people UK and others, but it is important that we as politicians across this chamber play our part. There are three simple steps at missing people UK at asking us as members of the Scottish Parliament to carry out, and I will reiterate them now. Firstly, check that there is a multiagency group in place with responsibility for implementing the national framework in your constituency. Secondly, ensure that the multiagency group has considered the response to families as well as the missing person, and that can, of course, then take account of unique circumstances. Finally, ensure that your local authority area has made provision for return discussions and whether those are consistently being offered to both adults and children on return. If the unfortunate situation arises where the person is not found alive, then that multiagency forum should consider how to best help that family that is left behind. I will make this simple additional play to members. Do not scroll by a missing person report on your timeline, particularly if it is an official police one. Please share it and help find the person. This framework represents another area where Scotland is and can lead the way. Those simple steps allow every member of this Parliament to play their part in driving down the number of missing people throughout Scotland, and that the hard-ticket causes their families and ensures that appropriate support is provided when they most need it. I congratulate my colleague Fulton MacGregor on securing this debating time to discuss an issue that tragically affects many thousands of families in Scotland. I have taken a keen interest in missing people, particularly children, since the beginning of the First Parliament led my own debate on young runaways in January 2002, following a disturbing revelation that one in nine Scottish children runaway were forced to leave home before the age of 16. Upon realising how prevalent that was now, it seemed to be discussed at the time. I wanted to shed light on it, and while significant progress has been made over the past 16 years, I am glad that we are able to continue the conversation and place particular focus on support for the families and loved ones of missing people. As Mr MacGregor said, in 2017-18, 23,000 missing people were reported to Police Scotland with many involving a person who had gone missing previously. Thanks to Police Scotland agencies and their dedicated staff, working in a co-ordinated and co-operative way, 77 per cent of individuals are found within 24 hours and 88 per cent within 48, although there is still a chance that they may experience significant harm in that time. Unfortunately, a small number of people, 2 per cent remain missing for weeks, sometimes months or years. The families and friends of missing people experience unimaginable trauma when the loved one disappears, regardless of how long they are missing for, forced to face both emotional and practical challenges, which only worsen with time, especially without access to appropriate support. My uncle Leonard Lawson, a redheaded man in his 40s who always were a kilt, disappeared in the 1960s and was never seen again. The family simply stopped mentioning him, probably as a way of coping. Nowadays, every effort goes into locating missing people, and rightly so, but similar efforts should go towards supporting those left behind. Along with more than 100 new reports each day, 764 people in Scotland are classed as long-term missing gone for more than 28 days, with some cases dating back to the 1960s. Why people leave home can be multi-factored from bullying at school or work, broken romance, financial pressures and trouble at home. Every case is different. A recent North Aesra police report revealed that 76 per cent of missing person cases in 2016-17 involved a young person under the age of 18, while the average age of missing persons is 16. We must recognise the suffering of thousands of families across Scotland who have experienced a loved one gone missing. It is also important to recognise the plight of those who may feel forced to leave home through no fault of their own and ensure that there are sufficient services in place to support them, especially if they are under 16 and particularly vulnerable. The initial analysis from the North Aesra police report was shared across child and adult protection committees and suggests that a multi-agency response to the Scottish Government national missing persons framework be considered, a welcome development for families in my Cunningham North constituency and across Scotland. The aforementioned framework launched in May 2017 aims to improve joint working between agencies involved in safeguarding missing people. A highlight is the need to improve the quality of discussions with a missing person who is hoping that what is learned will help to prevent future runaways. The focus must now be on telling the framework into action. An upcoming Scottish Government consultation will consider how to assist loved ones with such matters as the financial and legal affairs of a missing person. The missing people charity, the only one in the UK specialising in and dedicated to bringing missing children and adults back together with their families, already delivers free services such as guidance on working with the police and counselling. Missing people also runs a free and confidential helpline to provide round-the-clock support to missing children, adults and their families. While the pain of a missing loved one can never disappear, we want to ensure that effective procedures are in place to reduce this pain over time. Each missing person represents a different story, a unique set of circumstances and another group of friends and family members left behind looking for answers. Families never give up until they receive closure one way or another. It is therefore important to show the same dedication by assuring that each local authority has plans in place for dealing with missing people and the families left behind. I am pleased to have the opportunity to take part in this debate, and I thank Fulton McGregor for securing it, especially in this important awareness week. Just one day ago, as we have heard, Police Scotland confirmed that it conducted over 23,000 investigations into missing persons in the last year. That is up on the previous year. When you look at the reasons why people disappear, they are complex and varied. Some forget where their home is, some make a choice to go missing and some people feel that they have no choice at all. When a person first goes missing, the sooner the search begins, the better. Although you do not have to wait 24 hours to report a missing person, current police procedures mean that the UK missing person's bureau will only be contacted once 72 hours have passed. Is that really the right approach? Given that the majority of those who go missing in Scotland are found within two days, perhaps it is time to consider reducing the 72-hour rule down to 48 hours. I want to clarify that it is clear from Police Scotland's website that what they say is that if you feel that you have a concern that somebody has gone missing, report it immediately. That is what Police Scotland wants you to do. Mr Mountain. Thank you for that intervention and entirely, that is right, and that is what I am coming on to say. Time, as I have said, is crucial when it comes to finding a missing person. I believe that we should encourage people and thank you for drawing the attention to that to come forward and tell the police as soon as possible. I believe that we should do more to support families of the long-term missing people. Those who go missing often leave behind families and friends who only wish to see their loved ones return home as soon as possible and their possessions and homes protected. In the worst cases, months and years and sometimes decades pass without any sign of people's whereabouts. For families and friends, that is a tragedy that goes on without end. The nightmare is made often worse when families are unable to look after the estate and property of those missing people under Scottish law. That can lead to financial hardship for missing persons with mortgages and investment and insurances all being risk. Therefore, I believe that there is a pressing need to reform our legal guardianship laws. Legislation has already been passed in England and Wales, and Scotland, I believe, should follow suit. What has become known as Claudia's law allows families to appoint legal guardians to look after a missing person's estate if they have been missing for 90 days or more. Claudia's law won cross-party support at the UK Parliament. I believe that it is time for a similar bill to be introduced into the Scottish Parliament. When a loved one goes missing, we want to do everything in our power to find them as soon as possible. That is why I believe that we should review the 72-hour rule, although accepting that it is important and that the police have made the point that they should report them as soon as possible. However, if we bring in the missing person's bureau as soon as possible, maybe one day sooner, that may make all the difference. There is also more help that can be done for families in long-term situations where people are missing. As it stands, families are unable to look after their missing relatives' estate under Scottish law. I believe that that is something that we could change. The Scottish Government, by bringing forward a bill, could ensure—or could be sure, I believe—in getting cross-party support to make sure that a law such as Claudia's law in England is replicated in Scotland. I urge them to do so. I thank Fulton MacGregor for bringing this important debate to the chamber and for his moving tributes to families in his constituency that have missing loved ones. In 2017-18, an astonishing 23,000 missing people were reported to Police Scotland. Many will be found after a short while, but I still find that figure incredible. Behind that figure are thousands more worried families and friends who are left in a state of limbo with a horrible void in their lives following the disappearance of a loved one. These families must be supported at every level to ease the pain of this unimaginably difficult time. When someone goes missing, the effect they can have on their family or loved ones can be devastating. They can be left feeling angry, depressed, bewildered and often with a sense of guilt. That is why I am pleased that the Scottish Government launched a new national missing persons framework for Scotland in 18 April 2017, which included guidance and support for families as well as laying out responsibilities for professionals to support missing children and adults. The organisation, Missing People, supported the development of the framework and we are delighted to see that it is a publication, but the guidance is not statutory and more work needs to be done to ensure that the recommendations are implemented across Scotland. One of the most chilling aspects of those alarming statistics is that almost two thirds of those reported are missing related to children and young people. That is terrifying. We know that missing children are at risk of grooming, exploitation or abuse or the missing episode may be a warning sign that they are suffering harm or abuse at school. More than half of missing children have experienced conflict, abuse and neglect at home and one in five children felt forced to leave. Seven in ten young people who have been sexually exploited have also been reported missing and at least one in ten missing children have mental health issues. Looked after children are at particularly high risk, more than half of missing children who go missing in Scotland will be in the care system. We have to address that urgently. Adults who go missing are also highly vulnerable and may face serious risks. As Fulton MacGregor outlined, up to eight in every ten missing adults will be experienced in mental health issues and three in ten missing adults will have had a recent relationship breakdown. As a child growing up in a Lanarkshire village, a neighbour left her house to buy cigarettes from the local shop and was never seen again. To my knowledge, she was never found. The effect on her family and young son was devastating. The good news is that the majority of missing people are found within 24 hours. However, they still may experience significant harm in that time. A small number of people will remain missing for weeks, sometimes even months or years. MissingPeople.org.uk provided a number of freely accessible services across Scotland, so I advise visiting their website for full information on those services. The framework's success depends on local partnerships taking forward the recommendations. Many, if not all, of the recommendations included in the framework rely on joint working multi-agency sharing information and agreed divisions of responsibility. As MSPs, we have much to do. We can check that there is a multi-agency group responsible for implementing the national framework in our constituencies and that they have a clear action plan for improving their response to missing people. That is definitely top of my to-do list. The agony of families who experience the unexplained disappearance of a loved one is beyond doubt. Let's work together to ensure that we have a framework in place to at least ease that agony. I thank Fulton MacGregor for bringing this very important and poignant debate to the chamber. The impact of that is serious for the individuals involved, but I think that the scale of the situation or the issue regarding missing people has been well made so far this evening. I would also like to pay thanks to missing people for their invaluable drop-in session that they held today. I found that the information provided hugely useful. I would also like to thank Police Scotland for its excellent missing persons annual report, which I thought was very detailed and allowed some real insight. I can only begin to imagine what it must be like to suddenly realise that your loved one is not where they are supposed to be, that they are not in the bed that they slept in or that they disappeared, that they did not return home from work. What must go through your mind when you realise that and you wonder where they may be?  That must have ripples and impacts, which last well beyond the incident itself. Regardless of whether that person is missing for a matter of hours, days or a week, the ramifications will permeate with that family. We must also have regard to the person themselves, because there is a very much common denominator when we look at the types of people who go missing. We have heard this evening that it is two thirds of people who go missing are children, but as Rona Mackay was pointing out, of the adults who go missing, 80 per cent have underlying mental health problems. The key common denominator is that those are vulnerable people. Those are people who have a number of vulnerabilities and issues, and this is an act of last resort and desperation. Sometimes when we are debating those things, it can be hard to relate to why people might do certain things or act in certain ways, but I think that we have all been there. I think that we have all been in that situation where we think that maybe it would be just better if I disappeared. Maybe I am the issue, and maybe I need to take myself away. That is a very raw human sentiment that we can all relate to. We all must have that sympathy and empathy for those people who find themselves in that horrible situation where they feel like this. That is an issue of a very significant scale—30,000 people going missing every year, 23,000 police cases. At this point, I would also like to pay tribute to the police, because it is the police who are at the forefront of locating those people, making that effort and making sure that no stone is left unturned in finding that missing loved one. It takes up a huge proportion of their time. Researching for this debate this evening, I was quite taken aback to discover that Edinburgh was the area with the highest number of cases last year—3,300. The call this evening is to follow this up, and I am certainly going to follow up with my local police division and local council just to look at why that might be the case. The other key thing that strikes me about this is the number of repeat disappearances of 25 per cent of all investigations, according to the police report, for people who have been missing 10 separate occasions and one in two people who have gone missing before. That underlines the challenge, and we must make sure that our services are in place to make sure that we do everything that we can to not just track down missing people but to find out why they are going missing, especially on that first occasion when that person is found and brought home. We must make sure that we delve into that and put right those issues, those factors that led them to do that. We must welcome the Scottish Government's framework. It has been a very significant step forward, but let us also listen to the missing people's ask for local action plans, support for families and look at the return discussions. On one final note, the focus should be on what we do to get people home and how we do that, and the 99 per cent. Let us also remember about the 1 per cent of those very tragic circumstances where those people never come home. My thought is that a final note is certainly with those people. Thank you, Mr Johnson. I call weekend guard to be followed by Gordon Lindhurst. I am grateful to my colleague Fulton MacGregor for bringing the important topic of support for families of missing people to the chamber of our Scottish Parliament. I would also like to thank the missing people charity for their briefing in advance of this debate. From the outset, let anyone affected by the topic know that missing people are on hand to help missing people and their families 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, and they can provide free and confidential support by phone, text and email. Their number is 116 000. I am happy to commit to the asks that they have of MSPs, as was laid out by Fulton MacGregor in his opening speech. I will certainly see what multi-agency work is going on in Ayrshire and how implementation of the national framework is progressing. I am happy to raise support for families and, of course, to refer any constituents with missing loved ones to the missing people's helpline 116 000. The ask of a revised system for legal guardianship, which is simpler, lower cost and accessible for families, also seems sensible and the right thing to do, and I am happy to support that also. I look forward to working with missing people and colleagues across the chamber in the coming months to help to ensure that all families of missing people receive the best help and support. As has been mentioned, 23,000 missing episodes were reported to Police Scotland in 2017-18. Almost two thirds of those reports related to children and young people, with looked-after children being particularly high-risk. Children and young people can go missing for a number of reasons—happiness at home or in a placement, abuse, neglect or child sexual exploitation. According to the Children's Society, one in six young runaways end up sleeping rough. One in eight resort to begging or stealing to survive, and one in 12 are hurt or harmed as a direct result of running away. Some children and young people may feel that they have no choice but to go alone and they take huge risks on the street. Begging or stealing to survive or resorting to drugs and alcohol. They are at risk of grooming by adults who later exploit and harm them. More than half the missing children in Scotland will be in the care system. All of us in this place are corporate parents to our care experience children and young people here. As such, we should be paying really close attention to the quality of relationships that are experienced in our care system. We need to understand better and address more quickly the things that might push young people away from their home environment or, indeed, leave them vulnerable to being pulled from it by adults seeking to exploit them. Listening to and acting on the voices at the heart of the care review can really help us to do that. Police Scotland has already been mentioned. I did have a quick look at their site when I was before the debate. It is clear that they direct people to missing people. They are doing part of the ask already. It is clear that they take every report really seriously. They mention on their site that most people who go missing return within 48 hours. However, just to reiterate again, because I think that it is really, really important that you do not have to wait for 24 hours before reporting someone missing. If someone you care about or are worried about goes, then contact them as soon as you wish to. In an emergency in 999 and in other circumstances on 101. Thank you, Presiding Officer. Thank you. Paul Gordon-Rindhurst, then I move to closing speech. Mr Lindhurst, please. The knock at the door, the police officer standing there, the dreaded moment so many people fear that sometimes there is no knock at the door and who can say what is worse. But to not know what has happened to someone is surely one of the worst possible experiences in life. In Scotland, the reports of missing people are up a thousand in the last year and there may be many, many reasons for going missing. But every effort needs to be made to understand why and how to prevent it happening in other people's lives. In 2016-17, almost 20 per cent of investigations were in Edinburgh, the largest number of any council in Scotland. Some of the statistics are shocking. For example, 62 per cent of investigations involve children, but the fact that one in six young people who go missing overnight, sleep rough or with strangers, is a frightening statistic and tells us of their vulnerability. More than half of people reported missing have been previously missing. The national missing persons framework for Scotland focuses on engaging with people who have returned to find out why they went missing and how to prevent it again in the future. That is welcome. Police Scotland so often goes the extra mile to find people and return them to their families, but return interviews are key in preventing further instances of the same people going missing. In doing so through collaborative working between agencies, Government, police and others, I hope that we can begin to see the number of cases decreasing rather than increasing as they have done this year. Indeed, I would welcome the thoughts of the minister today on how the framework is being reviewed in light of this week's figures. Deputy Presiding Officer, we must not forget the families of missing persons. While over 90 per cent of cases in 2016-17 were concluded within three days, the emotional trauma worsens the longer a loved one is not found. I welcome the work that is being done by charities such as Missing People in offering help and support to those family members. What can often be forgotten is the impact of a missing person on the life that they have left behind. Family and friends are often left to deal with the consequences of bills unpaid, for example, adding to the emotional suffering that they are already facing. This is just one area where more could be done to support families, and reference has already been made to the possibility of adopting a similar model to the Guardianship Missing Persons Bill in England and Wales. I am pleased that the Scottish Government recognises some of the difficulties and is looking to see what can be done about them. A new procedure could enable a smoother process than that currently available through the courts and make the lives of family members easier in what is a hugely difficult time. In conclusion, I welcome Fulton MacGregor having brought the subject to Parliament, and I look forward to the Government building on the framework of last year. I thank Fulton MacGregor on securing this important debate tonight. I would also take this opportunity of welcoming our guests in the gallery. It is clear from the debate that the issue of missing persons is a very important one indeed. It touches the lives of many thousands of people across Scotland and, indeed, in each of our constituencies. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all members for their thoughtful contributions this evening. The debate has highlighted just how devastating the consequences can be when a person is feeling low or vulnerable. Thankfully, the vast majority of those who go missing come back safe and well, as has been noted tonight. However, that does not ease the pain for those tragic cases where that does not happen, such as the on-going agony of the family of Moira Anderson and the tragic case of Sean McKenna, both mentioned by Fulton MacGregor. Earlier today, I met Police Scotland as it published the missing persons statistics for 2017-18. As has been mentioned in the last 12 months, Police Scotland has conducted 22,966 investigations for people who are missing, the equivalent of 63 per day. Warringly, that figure has risen from last year. However, thanks to the efforts of Police and others, it is important to note that 89 per cent of those who are missing returned within two days and 99 per cent within three weeks. It is therefore comforting to note that the vast majority of those who have been missing return safe and well. However, their return is unlikely to be the end of the matter for the individual or for their family and, indeed, the underlying issues that led them to go missing in the first place, as well as, as was alluded to by Kenny Gibson, as well as their experiences, although they were missing, can prove very difficult to deal with if support is not available. The statistics show us that anyone can go missing. None of us are immune, at the point that Daniel Johnson alluded to. However, it is clear that, more often than not, a person who has gone missing has, in fact, been missing previously. In 57 per cent of missing person investigations in the last 12 months, the person who has been missing had been missing before. That, at least, provides us with some clues as to where we should focus our efforts. I will get on to the important subject of return interviews shortly. A year ago, as has been said, the Scottish Government published our national missing persons framework. That has, in fact, been praised very widely. It is the first of its kind in Scotland and is founded on close collaboration between Police Scotland, the NHS, local authorities, academics and a number of third sector organisations. For many years, highly dedicated people from across Scotland have been working to deliver the best services possible for those who go missing and for their families. Our national framework recognises the excellent work and provides, instead, rather the basis for a national more co-ordinated approach to missing people. The framework has two basic aims—to prevent people from going missing in the first place and to limit the harm associated with going missing. It recognises the excellent work that is carried out on a daily basis right across Scotland, but it acknowledges that there is room for improvement in a few key areas. For one thing, the framework promotes clearer multi-agency working and we know that that can lead to greater information sharing, pooling of resources and therefore lead to improved outcomes for missing people and for their families. The framework sets out responsibilities and provides for the first time a single definition of a missing person, which is very important as a matter of practicality, a consistent approach to risk management, again very important from a practical perspective and a consistent approach to conducting return discussions with missing people. Prevention is central to our approach and we would always like to do what we can to prevent somebody from going missing in the first place. However, that is not an easy task, particularly when a person has never been missing before and has given no outward sign of distress to their families and loved ones. When a person returns, as is the case with 99 per cent of those missing in the past 12 months, there is therefore a very key opportunity to discuss the reasons for going missing with the individual and provide support where possible. Our framework emphasises the importance of those kind of return discussions and they should be available to all return missing people to provide the opportunity to explore and try to understand the reasons why they went missing. That is why we have been happy to fund a partnership between the missing people charity and Barnardo's Shelter Scotland and Glasgow University to develop and deliver return discussion training across Scotland, which is being delivered for front-line staff and aims to standardise and provide a consistent approach to those key discussions across Scotland. Of course, the timing of such discussions has to be looked at on a case-by-case basis because it may be that, when the person first returns, they are incapable of really talking about their experience and why they went. It may be that, for that person, a bit of time should pass before that return discussion takes place. That is the flexible approach that our excellent front-line agencies proceed with. Much has been said about the important issue of support for families and, through our framework, we also prioritise support for families. We know that, when a person goes missing, the impact is felt much more widely than simply on the individual but rather on their family and loved ones. When a person goes missing, Police Scotland will provide support to families, often through a single point of contact to help them cope with what can be a highly traumatic experience. Beyond that, Police Scotland will also refer families to wider support such as that provided by the missing people charity. As Ruth Maguire says, the charity offers specialist support from their 24-hour helpline and their telephone counselling service. I am pleased to say that Police Scotland and the missing people charity relaunched their memorandum of understanding and partnership to support missing people and their families. That is a very positive development and a real boost for those struggling to cope with a missing loved one. We have been an advocate of those services and have provided some £142,000 over three years to the missing people charity to ensure that they can increase awareness and use of important support services for those who need them in Scotland. As to the next steps, I published a review of progress that we have made in the first year of the national missing persons framework for Scotland. I hope that members across the chamber and Gordon Lindhurst raised this directly will be able to have a look at that review and welcome the progress that we are making. We are clear that more needs to be done. There are a number of priorities for us over the next 12 months. For example, we will further progress the implementation of the framework across Scotland ensuring that it is embedded in local authorities. We will also continue to promote the key areas of multi-agency working, risk assessment and develop more consistency in the approach to return discussions. We will also continue to work with partners to achieve those aims and we will look to, importantly, develop educational material to build awareness around the risks of going missing, working with Education Scotland, ensuring that that message is delivered to children and young people. As we have heard, 64 per cent of missing persons investigations involve children and young people and we therefore must do more to get this message out about the dangers of going missing and the risks that these children and young people would be exposed to if they did. I will respond to Ruth Maguire, Evern Rhynton and Gordon Lindhurst's issue, among others. We have recognised in the national framework the need to look at administrative options for handling missing persons estates. We are considering the Scottish Law Commission's report on judicial factors. That consideration will include handling of missing persons estates. A consultation on those recommendations is due to be published later this year. The Scottish Government is fully aware of the impact that going missing can have on the individual and their family. As Fulton MacGregor said, our national missing persons framework for Scotland provides a co-ordinated approach to the issue. However, we know that it is the expertise and knowledge that exists across many organisations and agencies that achieve successful outcomes for people who have been missing. Scotland is not just leading the way in having a national missing persons framework, it has world-class front-line services working day in and day out with missing people and their families, and I would wish to pay tribute to them tonight. Without those expertise, I believe that we would not be able to say that 99 per cent of missing people in Scotland are returned. We will continue to harness those expertise and where possible to build on a success. The Scottish Government remains committed to implementing the aims of the framework to prevent people from going missing and to limit the harm associated when they do. Thank you. That concludes the debate. I close this meeting.