You're taking your mind off of what you really need to work on to grow yourself mentally, physically, emotionally, spiritually, and you're going, I'm just going to watch Netflix for two hours today. I'm going to talk about why you should stop numbing yourself. And you might be sitting there going, well, Rob, I don't numb myself. And I'm going to go, Hey, yeah, you do. We all do, but I'm going to tell you why we numb ourselves. We're going to talk about what numbing is and we're going to talk about how to get past it so that we can stop numbing ourselves so that we can actually start moving towards the direction we want. So let me ask you, and I'll answer this question. What is numbing? Numbing is just basically the easiest way to think of it is it is anything to occupy your mind so that you're not thinking about what you actually need to think about to overcome something that you've gone through or something that's happened in your past. So the thing about it is, is numbing is, is a very interesting thing because there are some forms of numbing that are very obvious. They're very visible and we as people in our society tend to judge other people for the visible forms of numbing. So let me give you an example. Drugs can be a form of numbing. So someone who is a drug addict can be, you know, in turn is usually numbing themselves from some form of trauma or something that they need to work through. And, you know, I spoke about this on a couple of episodes ago with Gabor Mate. Gabor Mate is a psychologist that says that every trauma comes from, or every addiction comes from a trauma that has not been resolved. So drugs, we can look at someone and say, Oh, that person's a drug addict.  What's another example? Alcohol, right? So we can look at someone and say, Oh, that person is an alcoholic. They need to get their together. They need to get their life. Like it's very easy to see these physical forms of like they're an alcoholic, they need to stop being alcoholic. They need to get past it. We can look at somebody who is, uh, you know, food is another example of numbing. Right. We can look at someone who's severely overweight and be like, Oh, they're severely overweight. They need to get it together. But in reality, when you look at these forms, and I'm going to tell you other forms, those are just some of the physical forms where you can visibly see someone who's overweight. You can visibly see someone who's an alcoholic. You can visibly see someone who is a drug addict. And you can say they need to stop doing that thing. What they're doing is they're numbing the feeling of something that they don't want to feel. They're numbing the past trauma that they have. They're norming the depression that they have. They're numbing the feelings that they have through either food or alcohol or drugs. Now that's easy to look at them and say that and to be, Oh, I'm going to judge them for it. But there's many other forms of numbing that are not as easy to see. TV is a form of numbing. Just deciding that you're going to watch Netflix for two hours every single day is a form of numbing. You're taking your mind off of what you really need to work on to grow yourself mentally, physically, emotionally, spiritually, and you're going, I'm just going to watch Netflix for two hours. So TV can be a form of numbing. Now there's nothing wrong with watching TV. Let me say this. There's nothing wrong with any of these things. What's wrong is when you're using them to numb the feelings that you don't want to come in contact with, it's like the phrase. The cave that you're afraid to enter holds the treasure that you seek. So the cave that you're afraid to enter holds the treasure that you seek. So going back into, you know, you were emotionally neglected by your parents or something, that's a cave that's not easy to enter, but your treasure that you seek, the personal development, the growth, the stopping, the limiting beliefs, the finally believing yourself, all of those treasures come from going back into that cave. So TV could be an example of it. Sex can be an example of it. Being a workaholic can be an example of it. Mine was workaholism. Like I was working when I was younger. I was working 110 hours a week every single week for three years straight. Why? Because I had a bunch of trauma from my childhood that I just did not want to come in contact with. And I was working and working and working and working. I didn't realize it at the time. I didn't realize until like seven, eight years later that what I was doing is I was actually running from the things that I needed to work through. And I was telling myself, Oh yeah, I'm running a business. I'm just too busy. I'm running business. I'm just too busy. But in reality, what I really need to do is I really need to look at myself in the mirror and start to work on myself. And if I would have done that, my, my business would have become so much easier that I would have actually been able to work less. So becoming a workaholic can be that way. And what's interesting about that, people can, can demonize being an alcoholic and being a drug addict. We can demonize those things. But then what's happening in our society. It's really interesting is that this hustle culture or the workaholic mindset actually is praised in our society. So it's actually even worse because you're praising the thing that somebody needs to work through. So workaholicism can be another really big form of, and this is the reason why I think it's so big is social media. Now there's nothing inherently wrong with working. There's nothing wrong with, uh, with food. There's nothing wrong with alcohol. There's nothing wrong with, uh, social media. But when they're used as a form of running from the actual thing that we need to work through, that in turn is, is where it becomes the issue in seeing that as like, Oh, I'm going to spend two hours a day on, on social media instead. So why do we do it? We do it because ultimately at its simplest form, we're trying to either run from something or we're trying to keep our minds off of something. And this isn't, this isn't like a conscious thought to do this. It's actually a subconscious thing that we tend to literally run from something by being busy doing something else. You know, I have had this issue myself and I have many friends that have had this issue and know people who have this issue where that it's hard for them to take a vacation because they're so addicted to working that the downtime is miserable for them because they're finally coming in contact with the things that they need to work through.  It's like your body is finally gone. Now we have time to actually heal. Well, in that downtime is when you're supposed to heal from the things that you need to heal from in order to make yourself better. So we're trying to keep our minds off of something, you know, what you need to work on in your life. The traumas that need to be healed. What's wrong in your life? You know, sometimes we get so busy on Instagram and we get so busy on social media because we don't want to think about how we're working a job that we hate. And so it's easier instead of starting to figure out like coming to terms with like, I've really don't enjoy my job. My job is not what I want to be doing with my life.  Maybe it's just like, you know that it's not what you're meant to be on earth. Like maybe you want to be a painter. Maybe you want to be a musician. Maybe you want to make jewelry and sell it on Etsy. And that's what makes your soul come alive, but you're working this day job. And so instead of actually looking at how can I get out of this day job and start to build this passion and build this life that I want to, instead of going through those hard thoughts and those hard feelings, we're like, I'll just go on Instagram for a couple hours. And it's a subconscious thing. Once again, it's not a conscious thing. You know, it's, it's what's wrong in your life. That you might have a job that you don't love. Maybe you're in a relationship with somebody that you ultimately know you shouldn't be in a relationship with them and you know that the hard feelings of having to get out of that relationship with them are way too hard to even think about. And so you can be finding other forms of numbing. It could be once again, drugs, it could be food, it could be alcohol, it could be TV, it could be Instagram, it could be any of those things versus actually going, you know what, I've got to look at this relationship. I've got to see if this relationship is serving me at the highest level and I've got to look at the relationship and see if it is serving them at the highest level as well. And those can be really tough emotions to start to go through. So instead of going through those emotions, we're like, let's just go ahead and watch Netflix. And so instead of going through those emotions, and then after going through those emotions knowing, oh my God, I'm now going to have to make a really tough decision and have a really tough conversation with this person. We're like, screw it. Let me just keep myself busy versus actually doing the thing that needs to be done.  Your truest deepest self knows that it's not to your full potential, but it's a lot easier just to, you know, it's like, as if you're, you can't see me if you're listening to the podcast, but if you're watching on video, it's like I'm looking over this way to the left and all to the left is all of the bad things that I need, not necessarily bad. Let's say it's the bad relationship that I need to get out of and it's sitting there and it's sitting there and it's sitting there. So instead what I'm doing is I'm turning my head to the right and I'm looking at anything else that I possibly can to keep me busy so that I don't look to the left because when I look to the left, it's like, oh, that's not what I want. And so I'm looking to the right, looking to the right, looking to the right. I'm looking to the right through going out on the weekends and partying because I have this relationship that I am ultimately realizing is not for me. It's the reason why I think a lot of people like to party on the weekends and do what they need to do on the weekends is because ultimately they don't within their downtime, they don't want to think about the job that's not helping them grow. It might be, like I said, that you're not growing, living up to your full potential and your full potential is over there. It's sitting to the left.  You hate what you're doing. You know that there's something better for you. You know there's more for your life. It's over the left. It's over the left. It's over the left. And I'm like, screw it. I'm just going to look to the right and I'm going to go ahead and scroll on social media and do some mindless stuff so that therefore I don't have to look over to my left. And ultimately, looking to the right is some form of numbing ourselves from the feeling or the thoughts that we truly need to come in contact with. They're just sitting out of our eyesight and sometimes we need to just take our head and turn a little bit and go, Oh, there it is. What do I need to do to make my life better? So what's the solution if we find ourself in this situation? We're going, Oh, like there's a lot of you there listening now. They're going, Oh, yeah, I might be numbing in some ways. Okay. Well, then what's the solution? Let me ask you this. If let me ask you a question. If you fast forward 10 years from today and your life is exactly like it is right now, would you be excited about that? Would you feel like hell? Yes. If it's a yes, keep doing what you're doing. That's amazing. But if you look at it and you say, if I were in this relationship, 10 more years, would I be excited about what we have created and what we've done? If the answer is no, might not be the right relationship for you, or it might be the right relationship for you, but you just need to change certain aspects of the relationship and you need to have a real coming to God conversation with that person so that you can change into the people that you want to be to support each other for the next 10 years. And if you fast forward your job 10 years from today, maybe you get a couple of promotions, maybe you get a little bit of a raise, you get a little bit more money, maybe you get a company car.  If it is beautiful, it's not sounds like something that you need to work at. Maybe it's your potential. Maybe you're looking over and you say, Hey, if, if I had only, if I had capped out of my, if today I have capped out at my potential and I ain't got no more potential left and I'm going to stay at this potential for the next 10 years.  Or are you like, no, there is more for me in this world and I don't want to live this way anymore. If you fast forward 10 years, would you be excited about it? If not, well, now we've got to figure out what it is that we're numbing so we can start to get past it. You know, one of the things that I always hear people say is I don't have enough time. Time is the biggest cop out that exists. Oh, I don't have enough time. It's so easy just to say you don't have none of us have enough time. Oh, I don't have enough time. I've got this going. I've got this going. I've got this going on. I did some research so I can give you some stats as we go into today's episode. The average person spends two hours a day on social media. Maybe you spend more, maybe you spend less, but the average person spends two hours a day. So let's just go off of the average person. That's 730 hours a year on social media. If we fast forward 10 years, like we're talking about that 7,300 hours on social media over the next 10 years, if it's just at two hours, if you're more than that, it's more than 7,300 hours. It's a lot of damn hours. That is 304 days of your life in the next 10 years. Almost an entire year of your life over the next 10 years will be dedicated to scrolling on social media. Is that what you want? If it is cool, keep scrolling, but if it's not, maybe it's time for us to make a change and see how we can start to find more time to make changes in our life. The average person spends four hours a day watching TV. This is including the weekends, I'm sure probably there's more on the weekend. So they average it out of the course of the entire week, four hours per day. Guys, that is 608 days of your life over the next 10 years on watching TV. If you want to keep doing that, keep doing it. But if you're looking at going, man, there's so much more that I could do. If I spend two hours a day on Instagram and I spend four hours a day watching TV on average, that's six hours. That's a quarter of my entire life on Instagram and Facebook and Netflix. What if I were to find that time? Because we don't have time.  What if we were just to decide to find that time to change our schedule around to actually work towards what is that we want and create the life we want to in that time? What could you replace it with? Could you replace it with doing the painting that you want? Could you replace it with building that business that you want? Could you replace that time with undivided time for your kids where you throw the phone in the other room and it's just time that you're going to spend on developing the best damn humans that you can? Undivided attention with maybe it's time on your personal growth. Maybe it's time with reading. Maybe it's more time meditating so that you can work on your inner peace. Maybe it's time journaling. Maybe it's any of those things to work on your personal growth and help yourself become the best version of yourself. So to say you don't have enough time as a cop out and we could go through every single person's schedule. If I were to sit down with you and go through every 15 minutes of your life for an entire week, there's definitely time in there for something to change your life to build that business to work on yourself more to bring out your full potential to get into the relationship or to build the relationship one that you currently have into what it is that you want. You have time. Stop telling yourself you don't have time. That is the ultimate cop out because you're blaming something externally versus looking inward and saying how can I make a change? So you have to become very self aware of how you're spending your time and how you actually are numbing because we're all doing it in some form of some form of another. I'm doing it in some sort of way. You're doing it some sort of way. We're all numbing in some way. But if we want to actually develop ourselves and the people that we want to be, we've got to stop numbing and go back and look at those things that might be hard to look at so that we can start making change in our life and we've got to actually take the time to do it and stop lying to ourselves and say that we don't have time. We always have time. You just have to find it. And as I always say, you can either you can either find a way or you can find an excuse completely up to you. If you don't find a way, you will find excuses to why it's not happening. So you can take out a journal. You can read a book. You can buy a course. You can learn something or do something new or work on that passion that you've been wanting to master. You can work out. And then you also have to ask yourself the question, you know, if we're always constantly, constantly doing stuff, some people are going, well, I just don't want to be bored. Let's dive into that for a second. What's wrong with being bored? People think being bored is a bad thing. Being bored is literally the mind wanting to do something because we are addicted to doing something. We're all addicted to doing things. So if you get into a state of boredom and you're like, this is this is uncomfortable. It's uncomfortable. It's uncomfortable. It's uncomfortable. I'm bored. What's wrong with it? You're just simply existing. Like, I don't see my dog being like, oh my God, I'm really bored today. No, he's just really present and he's really good at existing and he's really damn cute at existing. Right? So that's that's what a dog does. And you might be like, well, yeah, but I got to pay the bills. I get it. I understand that. But what's wrong with being bored? What's wrong? It's just simply existing. Nothing. There is nothing wrong with it. The problem is that we have addicted minds. We're constantly addicted to stimuli to doing this and doing this and doing this and doing this. And eventually we have to come to a point where we look at our lives and we say, you know what, this isn't what I want. Maybe I have been numbing. Maybe there are some things. Maybe there are some caves that I need to enter because the treasure is in there. I need to go seek it because ultimately we're all numbing in some sort of way. The question is number one, why are we numbing? What do we need to overcome? And number two, what can we do to get ourself past that numbing to start to work on the future that we actually want to create? Because ultimately life is going to continue on. The question is, are you going to build the life that you want or are you just going to drift from place to place and just hopefully maybe we'll end up being lucky. You've got to decide to create the life that you want versus hoping that the life will be created for you. And that is what you need to work on to stop numbing.


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Understanding Shadow Work Welcome to our series on shadow work. But what exactly is shadow work? Coined by psychologist Carl Jung, the shadow refers to the unconscious parts of our personality that our conscious ego doesn't identify with. Shadow work is the practice of exploring and integrating these hidden aspects. Join us as we delve into this transformative practice.


Oh, with tax season underway, students at Bemidji State University are offering to help. Students from an income tax class at BSU will file your federal and state taxes for free. Each volunteer that helps file taxes is certified to do so. We actually, the IRS has some guidelines there and we actually take some tests or exams and you have to pass those at different levels in order to be certified to help out volunteer with filing taxes. There are around 11 volunteers assisting the community on their tax returns and as many as 20 returns are made each night. It's a great tool for students to utilize to get some real life experience but it's also giving back to the community as well. So, you know, if you need some help with taxes, because taxes can be a really scary word, right? Yeah, so, you know, we just want people to come on in here. We can help them all and explain how things work and hopefully give them a better understanding of where their tax dollars are going. You can get your tax filed at Memorial Hall Room 250 at Bemidji State University every Wednesday and Thursday night from 3 until 5.30 p.m. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


English expressions with make, do, take, and have. This video is brought to you by the following English learning websites. English expressions don't always make sense. For example, why do we say, take time, make money, do homework, and have fun? There's no simple answer, no rhyme or reason. Suffice it to say that certain expressions developed over the years as they were used by people who spoke the language. Nowadays, these expressions are considered correct by most native speakers. In this video, we will take a look at some of the most common expressions in order to make sense of it all. We'll divide them into four groups. Take plus object, make plus object, do plus object, have plus object. Note, the sources of this information is eslgold.com. Number one, let's start with take expressions. The word take generally means carry something over there. However, in some idiomatic expressions, it doesn't mean that at all. Here are some common expressions with take plus a or an object. Take a nap, take a break, take a bath, take a shower, going places, other expressions with take. We sometimes use take in expressions involving travel or movement. For example, take a walk, take a trip, take a vacation. Also, take a bus, take the train, take a plane, take the subway or metro. Take the stairs, take the escalator, take the elevator, take time. We often say take plus time to indicate the duration of a trip or activity. For example, it takes five minutes to get there. It takes about three hours to roast a turkey. How long does it take you to get to the office? It takes me twenty minutes. Now, here's where it gets a bit complicated. Take transportation and take time. The word take is often used to indicate both time and mode of transportation. For example, how long does it take you to get to work? It takes me twenty minutes. How do you get there? I take the subway. Notice the difference in grammar here. It takes twenty minutes. The word it is a subject placeholder here, like it is raining. It hasn't got any meaning of its own. I take the subway. This is a real subject. I am the one taking the subway. In these cases, think of take as use. For example, we take the bus to school every day. That's like saying we use the bus to go to school. It takes us half an hour. We use half an hour of time. Also, take can be used to indicate the route, path, or roadway. They take Highway 94 to get to Fargo. That means they use Highway 94 to get to Fargo. More expressions with take. Some other common expressions with take plus object are take a class, take a course, take a test, take medicine, take pills. We don't usually say eat medicine. A few more abstract expressions. Sometimes the object is not something you can see or hold, but it is something abstract. For example, take an opportunity, take a chance, take a risk, take a gamble. Finally, there are lots of idiomatic expressions with take. Take care, take care of, take place, take turns, take a hike, take a spin, take a look at, take it easy, take your time, take someone's word, take it or leave it, take a rain check, take advantage of, take something for granted, take it or can't take it, take the heat, take charge, take the cake, take a pass, take the fifth, take heart. These expressions will be explained in the glossary at the end of this video. Two, expressions with make. The expressions with make plus object are varied and quite unrelated. Some of the most common are make money, make $50,000, make friends. In the US we usually quote salaries in yearly amounts before taxes. Some other countries do it in monthly amounts. Other common expressions. Some other expressions with this pattern are make a mistake, make a mess, make a face, make an impression. Idiomatic expressions with make, expression, meaning, make sense, seem logical, make believe, pretend, make it work, cause something to function, make do, accept a second choice solution, make good on, keep one's promise, make amends, compensate for a mistake, make a decision or make a choice, decide, make up your mind, come to a conclusion, choose an option, make fun of, ridicule, mock or belittle someone or something. Three, expressions with do plus object. Some people get the words do and make mixed up in English. Here are some common expressions with do plus object. Do once homework, do the dishes, do the laundry, do the housework or do the house cleaning. Activities with do plus object. We sometimes use do with sports or related activities. For example, do exercise, do sports, do aerobics, do martial arts such as karate or kung fu. Do gymnastics, do calisthenics, do a dance. Unlike the others, this one does not refer to the general activity. It refers to a specific dance or something like a dance. More expressions with do. Here are some other common expressions with do plus object. Do your best, give your highest effort. Do the best you can. That means basically the same thing as do your best with the implication that you can do your best regardless of the outcome, whether you win or not. Do once part. Perform your portion of the work. Do someone a favor. Do a special task for someone. Do one's duty. Perform your responsibility. Do time. Spend time in prison. Do the trick. This one focuses more on the action than on the person. For example, that does the trick. That action achieves a specific result. For expressions with have plus object. There are a few expressions in English with have plus object. Many of them are associated with enjoyment or entertainment. Some of the most common are have fun, have a good time, have a blast, have a ball, have a party. Talking about meals, we commonly use have with meals. For example, have dinner or have supper, have breakfast, have lunch, have brunch. What's the difference between eat lunch and have lunch? Usually the focus of eat is on consuming food. I'm eating a sandwich. The focus of have can be on the entire experience. Sitting at the table, often with others, and enjoying a meal. Offering and wishing well. The expression have plus object can be used when offering something to someone. For example, here, have a cookie. Have some soup. It can also be used when wishing someone well. For example, have a nice weekend or have a great weekend. Have a good day, have a good time. More expressions with have. Here are some common expressions with have plus object. Have trouble, have difficulty, have a problem. Have a meeting, have an appointment. Have a talk or have a chat with someone. Have a baby or child. This actually has two meanings. Number one means give birth. My sister had a baby yesterday. That means she gave birth yesterday. Two include in one's family. She has two children now. Idiomatic expressions with have. There are quite a few idiomatic expressions with have. Some common ones are have it. Meaning have a special or cool quality or characteristic. Have it all. Have everything. Family, wealth, health, career, etc. Have it made. Reach a point in life where nothing else is needed. Have it coming. Deserve negative consequences for bad behavior. Have what it takes. Have qualities to achieve success. For example, hard work, intelligence, strength, perseverance. I've had it. Or I've had enough. I cannot tolerate any more. Slight differences in British and American English. There are few slight differences in how people use these expressions in British and American English. For example, in Great Britain, some people might say have a look. Whereas in the US, they say take a look. Meals. In England, some people might say take lunch or breakfast. In the US, they say have lunch or have breakfast. Nowadays, it is also fashionable to say do lunch or do brunch. Note. If you ask an American, did you take your breakfast? They will probably respond, take it where? Practice. Fill in the blanks with the correct verbs. Take, make, have, do. Feel free to pause the video if you'd like more time. Here are the answers. I have a meeting this afternoon at 3 o'clock. It will take 10 minutes to finish the assignment. Did you do your homework last night? She's really tired. She needs to take a break. Please don't make a mistake. This should be perfect. Did you have a good time yesterday? Don't forget to take your medicine. Whenever I do gymnastics, I get sore muscles. He needs to take a bath every morning before work. How much money did you make at the fair? Glossary one. Idioms with take. Expression. General meaning. Take care. Be careful. Also, see you later. Take care of. Watch over or be responsible for someone or something. Take place. Occur or happen. Take turns. Regularly alternate with others to do an activity. Take a hike. Walk or climb a mountain trail. Get out of here. This is slang. Take a spin. Go for a casual drive. Take a look at. Observe something and provide feedback. Glossary two. Idioms with take. Expression. General meaning. Take it easy. Relax. Don't be stressed out. Take your time. There's no need to hurry. Take someone's word. Believe what someone says. Take it or leave it. It's your choice. It's up to you. Take a rain check. Plan to do something at another time. Take advantage of. Use this opportunity. Exploit the chance. Take something for granted. Not fully appreciate something when you have it. Glossary three. Expressions with take. Expression. General meaning. Can't take it. Can't endure hardship or difficulty. We can also use this in the positive. I can take it. That means I can endure hardship or difficulty. Take the heat. Endure pressure or criticism. Take charge. Assume a leadership role. Also take the lead. Take a pass. Skip this opportunity. Usually because I don't want to do it. Take the fifth. Avoid self-incrimination in court. Take heart. Don't be discouraged. Look on the bright side. This comes from the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in which an accused person doesn't need to say anything to incriminate himself or herself or make him guilty in court. Hope that was helpful. If you have any questions or would like to make suggestions for our next video, please send us your ideas at eslgold.com-submit-question. Thanks for watching. Please give us a like in the comment section below. And remember to subscribe to our channel.


Hey, everyone, thanks for coming. I'm presenting joint work with Willie, Ron, Daniel, and David. And I'm going to be talking about reusable designated verifier noninteractive zero-knowledge arguments. So I'd like to thank David for giving me his slides. So the usual disclaimer, all the good things are his, all the bad things are mine. And on that note, let's get started. So I'm going to be talking about noninteractive zero-knowledge arguments. And just to remind you, this is a setting where a prover wants to convince a computationally-bounded verifier that some statement x is in some NP language L. He's allowed to send a single message. So the proof is one message. And it should satisfy completeness. So a correct proof on a true statement should convince the verifier. Soundness, an even maliciously-generated proof on a false statement should still not convince the verifier. And to satisfy zero-knowledge, namely that a correct proof on a true statement should be simulatable given only the instance. It should be simulatable in polynomial time. And the simulator isn't given any sort of witness for x being in the language. So this is a noninteractive zero-knowledge proof or argument if the soundness is only computational. And just to remind you on the state of the art on this object, we can construct it if the prover and verifier have access to a random oracle. And we can also construct it if the prover and verifier have access to a common reference string under certain computational assumptions. So it's been known for a long time that you can do this under QR refactoring assumptions or from bilinear maps. And then just this year, it was shown that variance of the learning with errors assumption, first with the circular security assumption thrown in and then without, also suffice to construct noninteractive zero-knowledge. So this is the state of the art on NISIC. And just a couple of remarks on this. So the constructions are all fairly ad hoc and different from each other. And there are notable computational assumptions that we don't know how to use to construct NISICs at the moment. The clearest examples are Diffie-Hellman style assumptions along with learning parity with noise assumption. So in contrast to the state of affairs on NISIC that I just described, what we ask in this work is if, is there a general framework for constructing NISICs? And the setting that we consider this question in is that of a designated verifier NISIC. So this is a relaxation of NISIC in which we make a stronger setup assumption. So instead of just generating a common reference string, we now elect the setup algorithm to generate the common reference string along with a secret verification key that only the verifier gets. So this helps the verifier to verify proofs and soundness is only guaranteed to hold when the prover doesn't know what the secret verification key is. And so I'd also like to point out there's some subtlety here. Because the verifier has a secret, there's a question of whether or not you allow the prover to interact with the verifier multiple times. This kind of interaction might give something away about the verifier's secret. So in this work, we're considering a soundness notion in which the prover gets query access to a verifier. And therefore, we have to rule out these sorts of attacks where you learn the secret key by querying the verifier. So we don't want to have this. So okay, this is a kind of NISIC, you can define it. It's not clear necessarily why you should care. So two things I wanna say are that first of all, it turns out these kind of NISICs are still useful for some of the classical applications of NISICs. So the clearest example of this is the CPE to CCA security transformation for public key encryption. So that still works with this kind of NISIC. And additionally, depending on your setup assumptions in the kind of NPC that you're doing, this also might suffice to boost semi-honest to malicious security for NPC. And I'll touch upon that a little bit more later. In addition, just from a theoretical perspective, this is a relaxation of a NISIC. It seems like it should be easier to construct. You can ask, well, is it really easier to construct? Do we know how to do it in other ways besides just constructing a NISIC? And until very recently, the answer was no. Any construction of a designated verifier NISIC that we had was effectively just constructing a publicly verifiable NISIC. So in the last Eurocrypt, the things changed. There was a construction. There were constructions from the CDH and DDH assumptions, which we don't know how to use to get non-interactive zero knowledge in the publicly verifiable setting. Again, this is an ad hoc construction. And in this work, we're interested in how generically we can construct this object. And finally, what I wanna say is that if you relax even further and only ask soundness to hold when the prover doesn't have any oracle access to the verifier, then the problem becomes easy. You can construct that kind of designated verifier NISIC from any public key encryption scheme, which is significantly more general than these other objects. So if you relax far enough, the problem becomes easy, but it's not clear how difficult constructing this object should be in the specific setting that turns out to be useful, for example, in these transformations. So that's where we are, that's the question, that's why we might care. And in this work, we give a generic construction of designated verifier NISICs, satisfying this reusable soundness from a form of attribute-based encryption. And I'll define exactly what kind of ABE we use later, but I'd like to note that it is a single key ABE and not a collusion resistant ABE. So this is not a difficult object to construct. There are many constructions of the objects that we use. So this ABE satisfies some sort of CCA-like security property. So the main takeaway point that I want you all to get is that through this transformation, we're able to apply some recent techniques for constructing CCA-secure encryption in order to get designated verifier NISICs as well.  So what we're able to do in this work is use the techniques for constructing CCA-secure encryption in order to get a general purpose designated verifier NISIC as opposed to morally a designated verifier NISIC for a specific cypher text language. So this is the main takeaway. In a little more detail, we define this object that we call weak function hiding single key ABE and we show it implies designated verifier NISICs. In addition, we actually show that assuming public key encryption, the two objects are equivalent. So this is actually a reformulation of the problem, just a complete reformulation. And then on top of that, we note that a standard LWE-based, actually based encryption almost satisfies the security definition that we care about and a slight tweak to the standard scheme will get us the security property we want. So once we've proved this equivalence, this gives us an easy way to construct, assuming the equivalence, this gives us an easy way to construct designated verifier NISICs from LWE. So you could of course ask for a lot more, right? Like I was saying, like single key ABE is not too hard to construct. So you could ask if this function hiding single key ABE could be constructed from any public key encryption. So that would resolve a big open problem and that would be super nice. We weren't able to do that, but we were able to show that this kind of ABE can be constructed from public key encryption along with any secret key encryption scheme satisfying a weak form of KDM or circular security. So if this looks familiar, it's because this is the same pair of assumptions that were used yesterday by Kitagawa, Matsuda, and Tanaka in order to construct CCA secure public key encryption. So we show that the same assumption suffice to get full-fledged designated verifier NISIC. And then there are instantiations of these two building blocks from all of the usual suspects in terms of public key assumptions. And so this gives a unified approach for getting designated verifier NISICs from all the assumptions that you would probably think about. And among these three, there was like LPN specifically. We didn't know how to construct designated verifier NISICs from LPN at all. And so this approach gives the first such. So these are our results on designated verifier NISICs. I do want to talk about one of our extensions to a sort of malicious setting. So one problem that you might have with designated verifier NISICs is that it makes a very strong setup assumption. Not only do you have to set up a common reference string, but you have this strange setup in which you have to give the verifier a secret key and make sure the prover doesn't know anything about it, which is a little strange. So one way to mitigate this problem is to change the model. And so in a Eurocrypt this past year, Kwak Rathloom and Wix defines the malicious designated verifier NISICs. So the model is that the prover and verifier have a common random string. The verifier is allowed to pick his own secret key and send some public key to the prover. And then the prover should be able to prove arbitrary statements given just the common random string and the public key that the verifier picked. So zero knowledge should hold against malicious verifiers here and soundness should hold as before. So this is a strictly stronger object than a designated verifier NISIC. And it's affected, like by another name, this thing is just a two-message zero knowledge argument in the common random string model where we want to be able to reuse the first message across many executions. So our results for designated verifier NISIC translates entirely to the malicious setting. All you have to do is take every instance of encryption from before and replace it by an OT. I am, of course, skipping over a lot of details there, but that's the main point. So we get a generic construction of this malicious designated verifier NISIC from a two-message OT along with the KDM Secure Secret Key Encryption. And again, this can be instantiated from the usual suspect concrete assumptions. And in this setting, both the constructions from CDH and LPN are entirely new. There were no constructions of this object from either of those before. And finally, I want to mention that this malicious designated verifier NISIC has connections to reusable non-interactive secure computation. And in particular, it allows you to do reusable non-interactive secure computation from any of these assumptions. I'll refer to the paper for more details on that. So that's all I want to say on our results. For the rest of the time, I want to tell you a little bit about how we prove it. In particular, I want to focus on this first arrow, which I think of as the main contribution being this arrow and the formulation of the ABE that turns out to be useful. So I'm gonna tell you both of those. So to start, I want to recall the designated verifier NISIC from any public key encryption scheme that satisfies the weaker form of soundness, the one-time soundness. So this is due to Paschalat and Vikuntanathan, and it works like this. We're going to start with a three-message protocol and we're going to compress it into a one-message protocol. So the three-message protocol should have a one-bit challenge. Just for the purposes of this talk, we can compile more generally than we do in the paper, but for explaining, let's assume we have a single-bit challenge. So the three-message protocol is some commitment, some one-bit challenge from the verifier, and then some response from the prover given the challenge. We're going to compress this into a one-message protocol. So here's what we do. We're going to give the prover two public keys for a public key encryption scheme, and we're going to give the verifier a random bit B along with exactly one secret key out of the two corresponding to those two public keys. And we're going to give them secret keys of B where B is the random bit. So why would we do this? Well, we're going to use this to sort of simulate the three-message protocol with challenge bit B. The verifier is going to be able to obtain a transcript of the three-message protocol using challenge bit B. So the way we implement this is that we have the prover send over a commitment along with two ciphertexts. Ciphertext zero is going to be an encryption of the response for challenge zero, and ciphertext one is going to be an encryption of the response for challenge one under the two different public keys. So then the verifier is able to decrypt exactly one of these two ciphertexts, the one corresponding to B. This will give him a transcript A, C, Z of the three-message protocol with challenge bit B, and then he can accept if that three-message transcript looks good. So this will give you soundness one half. You can repeat many times in parallel to get negligible soundness, but I'm going to forget this for the rest of the talk and just think about the soundness one half case. So here it is. You can show that one, it satisfies zero knowledge, and two, that it satisfies soundness if you don't give the prover query access to the verifier. And the reason for that soundness holds is essentially the prover doesn't know what this bit B is. It's just a random bit, and so you can reduce from the soundness of the three-message protocol because of that. However, this protocol does not satisfy the kind of soundness that we want. And the reason is that by querying the verifier, you can actually learn what this bit B is. And once you learn what the bit B is, soundness is entirely compromised. If you think about the three-message case, this is clear. If you know what the challenge is going to be in advance, then you don't have soundness. So okay, so what's the issue? I want to say that fundamentally, the problem is that the verifier has this fixed random bit B that he's stuck using for every proof that the prover sends over. This is fundamentally the problem. So the way that we get around it is we set things up so that there isn't a single random bit B, but actually an independent random bit B for every possible statement that the prover could be trying to prove. And intuitively at least it might seem reasonable that if you could do something like that then you might get reusable soundness. So the way that we implement this is by using a form of attribute-based encryption which very briefly is a way to encrypt a message M under an attribute X so that a decryptor can have a secret key associated to a function on attribute space, a function F, so that the decryptor can learn the message if F of X is equal to one and the decryptor learns nothing and you in fact have a form of semantic security if F of X is equal to zero. So this is attribute-based encryption. So here's how we're going to use it to compile the sigma protocol. So again, recall we want to somehow have a different bit B for every statement. So the way we're gonna do this is we're gonna give the verifier the seed S to a PRF and in our heads we're gonna think that the bit B corresponding to statement X should be the PRF evaluated on X. That's what we want, we wanna implement this somehow. So we're gonna give the prover the master public key to the ABE scheme and then we're going to again have the prover send a commitment along with two ciphertexts and the ciphertexts are going to be encrypted under different attributes. So ciphertext zero will be encrypted under attribute X comma zero where X is the statement and ciphertext one will be encrypted under attribute X comma one. The verifier is going to have an ABE secret key that allows him to decrypt and obtain the message if the attribute pair X comma B respects the PRF. If B is equal to PRF of X then the verifier is gonna be able to decrypt and if not then he won't be able to decrypt. So that's the basic idea and right off the bat you can show just assuming that the ABE scheme is semantically secure that this gives you zero knowledge. This is enough to give you zero knowledge. Soundness is trickier. Intuitively we want to say that hey each bit for each X is coming from a PRF. It looks random and independent of the others. And so as long as the prover doesn't query the verifier on the statement X, one could hope that the PRF security would guarantee you that the prover doesn't know anything about that bit B and therefore that soundness should hold on that statement. That's the hope. So this doesn't actually work and in particular for specific ABE schemes you can write down a tax that breaks soundness. Fundamentally the problem is that because you have query access to the verifier this effectively means you have query access to an ABE decryption circuit. Sorry, query access to an ABE decryption oracle. And the ABE decryption oracle is using a secret key that knows what the PRF seed is. So in principle this could leak information about the PRF seed. So this won't happen if you feed the decryption oracle or the verification oracle well-formed ABE ciphertext because if you give it well-formed ABE ciphertext then the correctness of ABE decryption will tell you that nothing about the seed is leaked. But if you feed it malformed ABE ciphertexts it's actually possible to implement the tax where you leak the seed of the PRF and therefore you compromise soundness. So that's the problem and that's why we don't get a construction from any old attribute-based encryption. But what we then do is we define a stronger form of security on the ABE that rules out this attack, this particular attack, and then we show that this form of security is actually enough to make the soundness analysis go through that if you have the security then the protocol I wrote down is actually sound. So intuitively it's effectively what I just said. So we have some security game where you have query access, where an adversary has query access to a decryption oracle. The decryption oracle is using an ABE secret key associated to a function F. So you can ask, well, what can this adversary learn? Well, if you query on a ciphertext with attribute X, you're definitely going to learn whether F of X is equal to one or equal to zero because if you get out a valid answer you know F of X is equal to one. So the security property that we ask for is that effectively this is all that you learn about the function. So we want to argue or we want to assume that this entire interaction that I'm talking about could be simulated just knowing the input output behavior of the function F along with the master secret key of the ABE scheme. So the thing that we care about not compromising here is the implementation of the function and in particular the input output behavior of the function on attributes that you haven't queried. That's the kind of security that we're looking for. So then we show that if you have an ABE scheme satisfying this form of security then the soundness analysis goes through that the function hiding of the ABE that I just described along with the PRF security and the soundness of the three message protocol together will give you soundness of the one message protocol that I've written down for you here. So that's a simplified variant of our main construction. Then as I said before we can implement this kind of ABE from LWE using basically a known scheme. And in addition we can construct this kind of ABE from quite generically from public key encryption and KDM secure secret key encryption. And very briefly the way this is done is we first construct plain single key ABE from public key encryption. This is old. And then we amplify the security of the ABE so that it will satisfy this kind of function hiding that we care about after throwing in the KDM secure secret key encryption. And this is very similar to the construction of CCA secure encryption or the two constructions given by Copula and Waters and by Kizugawa, Matsuda and Tanaka both in this conference. So that's all I wanna say on our results just to conclude, our question was is there a generic framework for constructing designated verifier Nizix? And we make progress on this question by reformulating the problem in terms of constructing a certain kind of attribute based encryption. In terms of open questions, you could ask well the big question is can we construct this form of ABE from any public key encryption that would resolve the big open problem? You might say well look, we're using a CCA like security property so why would you expect this to help? But I'm happy to talk offline on some thoughts about why this reformulation might still be useful. More modestly you could ask if you could construct this kind of ABE from CCA secure public key encryption. So that would be like a converse than our young theorem saying that CCA security and designated verifier Nizix are really the same object. And then finally I wanna ask if we can do anything based on one-way functions. So maybe not constructing a designated verifier Nizix, but some weak form of Nizix satisfying reusable soundness from one-way functions. I think that the techniques from this paper might also be useful for answering that sort of question. That's it, thank you. Questions? Okay yeah, if you have a question you can ask him offline. Let's thank the speaker again.


Hi, I'm David Brooks, and this is the first camp update. The lads, we obviously got together in the camp team bit and had a bit of food, and then kind of everyone watched the game. Obviously everyone had their own teams that they were supporting. There was a few foreign lads that wanted Italy to win, and then obviously the home support was far greater. Obviously it's never nice watching pens. I think as a football player you kind of get nervous yourself watching it, thinking that obviously you kind of want to be in that position to take one, but I think the nerves are obviously kicking in for the other players because you obviously have no control over it. So it was a nervy watch and obviously a few other boys weren't really happy that they were on the wrong side of them. My tournament wasn't probably the way I wanted it to go. I think obviously going out there you kind of want to play as much as possible and the circumstances I was probably playing in wasn't ideal. But I think when you look at the grand scheme of things, to say that I've been to Euros and played some minutes is obviously a fantastic achievement, but obviously there is that slight bit of disappointment because obviously you wanted to play a bit more and try and contribute to the team. Metz's tournament I think he did play well. Obviously throughout the group games I thought he was rather solid and defended well obviously against Denmark. It was a very tough opponent and I think once we went down to ten men and obviously the other two goals went in. It was a bit of a flattering scoreline for Denmark even though they probably deserved to come out the winners on the day. Obviously a bit harsher on Metz conceding four but I think throughout the tournament he was quite solid. The time off was obviously very brief. As a footballer you kind of want to be involved in the national team and all the tournaments that kind of come with it and the days off kind of get sacrificed and obviously I'm not really complaining.  So not ideal but I'm not really complaining. The first session wasn't great. Obviously I've only had about a week off so I was kind of expecting to come back in and integrate with training with potentially a little bit of running on the afterwards. Sorry but none of that. I don't really see a football today to be honest. I was just out there running back in two to try and get fit to try and get into training so obviously that's a bit new and obviously I'm going to try and push to get fit as quick as possible so I don't have to be running and watching training from the sides. There's not many good players on Among Us. I think there's quite a few people as soon as they get it they just start laughing. So you can figure a few people out but I don't know if it's a good trait or not but if you're a good light you get away with it. I'd like to think I'm decent at it but I think if you ask all the other lads they'll probably say they're the best as well.


Hello everyone like Sawadee Corp. I'm really happy to have this chance to share with you this topic like how I make a living with Whiting NFT on web plus. Actually when I submitted this topic like to the organizers I was not so confident that it was it will be taken because NFT has such a bad name like you know I know I know that but I'm happy to admit it and I'm happy that you're here to share with us like my journey on making a living with Whiting NFTs. So to start with I would like to have a very brief self introduction just to provide a context of like who I am so that it fits better in like what I'm going to talk about like so right now I'm a full-time writer and previously in the previous 15 years I've published four books the latest one called Money Words how money works in the in the multiverse so which is not a paper book but an NFT book which I've published three months ago so you you buy the book by buying the NFT like owning the NFT means you have the true copy to authentic copy of the book although the book itself is licensed in creative commons I mean the words itself is licensed in creative commons which means everyone can get that for free but if you want to support the course if you want to support me if you if you think the book itself is good you can buy the NFT and then three years ago I also published another book which is in a more traditional way a paper book called The Sociology of Blockchain we imagining money media and democracy I translated the titles but it's a Chinese book just to be clear so and other than that I also blocks every week and that's why I'm here of course and this is my site which is actually just very typical WordPress site I don't even use like fancy themes I just use the most standard one which is 2020 free right now I just stick with the standard ones and I don't even use too many plugins so I just broke every week the latest post being a few days ago about this event like so this is my broke and so this is me let's get into my sharing so I know like NFT has a bad name like some of you may hate NFT actually if you hate NFT maybe you won't be here maybe you will be outside or if you hate NFT and you're here maybe you are trying to do this to me hopefully lot so even God hates NFT but I'm not here to judge like to be honest I hate some NFT projects as well but I mean NFT itself is a neutral technology like even WordPress itself can be used to host like really bad like websites and very good websites so let's not like influenced by what some NFT projects did in the past and focus on like how we make good use of it off the technology so to be clear I'm not I'm not here to tell you like how to make how to get rich by selling like or trading NFTs like actually he doesn't really get rich by selling NFT but anyway but instead I'm trying to share how I turned my words how I turn my blog post into like mango sticky wise like to feed myself so to to start with I like to introduce the concept of web-free which I'm sure many of you had heard of but I still want to talk a little bit about it so before what it is let's talk about what it isn't it's not like a new version of the web not like a new version of a certain software not like iOS like 14 and then you have 15 not like that it's not also is not the upgrade of a certain particular protocol like new version of HTTP is not it's more like paradigm shift it's more like how we understand the web as a whole like say start with so-called web one so that was about 1990s when I was in the university get on the web for the first time with most said bowser so at that time we usually compared the web to newspaper magazines so things are static you browse the web mainly means you're reading consuming contents that's what we understand as web one and then about ten years later that's when WordPress started 20 actually 2003 also when Facebook started about about that time and there are the site I mean Internet started to a lot of sites start to emerge where you can produce so-called user generated generated contents which means like you don't only read but you also write you produce content like most of the contents are most of the websites and apps that we use today are based on web to because you have certain amount of like inputs like you take photos you your blocks you send messages you send email everything so from take talk to Facebook to like every popular program basically a web to so web free we add an important element which didn't exist on the web to which is ownership so now we have read write and ownership and the reason that we have ownership added to Internet of course is because of the emerge of blockchain technology which today will not go deep into but I just want to stress that the way I understand web free it's it's with its web to plus ownership added to the Internet if you are into the blockchain probably you would have heard of this particular surface called mirror so you sometimes with it's actually quite often that you read about like white papers or articles talking about the blockchain itself it would be hosted on this mirror dot XYZ website which caught themselves the home for web free publishing so I myself also had some articles I actually most of the time I write in Chinese but I have a few English article so I have them published on the mirror as well but this is what come so of course I'm not going to talk about like how mirror works because it has nothing to do with WordPress I'm what I'm going to share is instead how do we do the same thing on our own website on our own domain name and so and with WordPress so we call that writing NFT the same name as the mirror surface so to start with you need a tool of course on on website which is you can just search for web free on WordPress and you'll get like a bunch of plugins not not that many as of today so probably the fourth one would be the one that I'm going to introduce which is called web free press of course you can also just search web free press directly and you should it should be in the first result so they say it's a fly me to WordPress web free and then you'll need another tool which is a wallet software installed wallet extension installed on your Chrome browser you can also use another variant of Chrome called brave which is more for the for the blockchain users some relatively hardcore blockchain users would prefer another browser users we would prefer another browser called brave which is which has the same core as Chrome so I assume you will use Chrome and you just install this crapler extension and then this is actually the most like popular biggest entry barrier for new users not just entry barrier for new users of this particular particular writing NFT but entry barrier for like everything blockchain you need an identity so this is really really really bad example that I'm I'm setting because you should never show your sick face to others because if you do others will will be just able to take your money so this is this wallet is empty of course and you have to write it down and create an identity for yourself so and the next step is to get some so-called like coin from the faucet so this is getting probably a little bit hot understand but think about it it's not that hot because say I just came to Bangkok like the day before yesterday I'm from Hong Kong you know so when I come to Thailand you you spend a buck the local currency so I have to convert some of my money into buck so as to like live a life so this is actually the same idea to to use anything in the blockchain I need a new currency a new currency different from US dollar and for this particular example is called like coin like like but to convert in in an exchange like crypto exchange is more troublesome or I'm not here to encourage you to like buy any crypto so there's a service called a faucet which is literally a faucet which will drop you some money not a lot but more than enough for you to like create some basic NFT to start with so that you know what's happening before you really decide whether you are going to engage deeper in in the commodity so you go to faucet.light.co and you'll be guide to to discord to prove your identity and get a little bit amount of the coin after that you are ready to publish your first NFT so I just did an example last night with an old article that I write about so after I published the post I opened the session of the Puckin and then I can do publish but this publishes different form like the the the publish in in WordPress we all know the publish in WordPress means I'm writing the article I'm writing the blog post to my own database like my SQL while this publish is decentralized publishing which means you are storing the content on the decentralized publishing infrastructure of web-free so aka IPFS if you have heard of that I'm not going to go deep into that but you are basically storing your contents in an immutable way so even if just in case my site go down or go go away completely the web code the content will still be hosted on like in a distributed way on many servers so you do this publish it on the blockchain and get what is called an ISCN I'm sure you have heard of I'm pretty sure you haven't heard of ISCN but I'm sure you have heard of ISBN which is international standard book number so this is something very similar so it's international standard content number which means which is which is like an a blockchain version of ISBN so you have your article it can also be applied to images you get a unique number for your blog post and have it have the metadata written to the blockchain it's very like if you are like old guy like me when when you went to the library like 20 years ago before the libraries are even computerized you search for books like this way it's called what the sense of a book so you have the metadata of the book including name of the book the author of the book the publisher and etc etc including one very important information which is where to find a book which book self to find a book so ISB and ISCN is something very similar to this you have a unique number for your article and people know where to find the article it's different from URL I mean it's a sub-sub-supplementary information to URL and then with that you can post it with minting your NFT so-called minting which is like publishing your article as NFT so you can do some setting customized customization of the NFT like what cover photo to use and then the og title og introduction and etc and then you'll get it you'll have the NFT created in a few like seconds so this is the a real example that I did last night and then with that you'll have the writing NFT I mean the record installed right below the article so after people read your article or read your blog post and if they like it they can just collect the NFT to own your article to show the appreciation and have the article shown in in their wet free bookshelf and your writing NFT we also appeared on another website which is called like a land so you have a let's say it's a marketplace for your for your articles so this is my profile page you can see I I just published it this article on WordCam and WordPress like few days ago and then I just did that last night as a demonstration for this sharing after that I started to get a weapon because some readers are starting to collect my article as NFT so I get like that article that I posted on Wednesday get a better income like a thousand 24 like and then these few get 64 like so you may wonder like what's the point of getting like LIK so I get of a lot of likes on on Facebook but it is never like I can never use my like to to get my mango sticky rice but this like in capital is a little bit different but a little bit but they've continued different form likes on Facebook so it's a crypto token that can be converted into other currencies including I'm sure you have heard of Bitcoin but here I use an example which is probably more easier to understand which is USDC a stable coin that's impacted to USD so this is the latest at least this is the the price for last night so a hundred like one will convert to like point-to-to USDC so this is how it work and the next step I mean if I'm going to spend it the next step would be there are some crypto depicots it just work like a visa that you can use and in the back end they will spend a cryptocurrency like USDC instead of like charging your bank so this is exactly what I did last like I just I just brought some biscuits in family marked nearby with this court and the court spent the USDC which came from like coin so this is the whole flow of it and so now I just went through the whole process like what how I did it so I brought every week February 1st and then one week and then one week I brought every week and then people buy my articles as NFT and then I use I use the art of the the cryptocurrency that I earned and turn it into USDC and spend it with a debit card a visa card and the and the restaurant actually don't doesn't have to understand or doesn't have to hurt about Bitcoin at all cryptocurrency at all because what they are getting is just like a typical visa card although in the back is charged in cryptocurrency so the whole flow is works this way so this is a real example as well this is how the money amount of money that I made in two months so not a lot but enough for me to buy some like buy my rice and the good thing is I didn't compromise anything because I don't have to set up a paywall for my content I don't have to like put advertisement on my block so other than spending the converting the money in the US dollar and spend it you can of course also use the same coin to to support other creators and this is what I did so I other than others readers buying my NFTs I'm also a reader for other writers right so I also buy the NFT for them and so this is almost end of my sharing I'll just did I'll just do a simple recap so you need two tools to start with the one is parking for web press called web free press and the other is cabler or which is a browse extension on Chrome and then you may have to go to these two website it's not mandatory but if you are to like maybe convert your token if you are to to to buy others NFT or to have a whole will have a full will of what you what you publish you can go to this website if you are to do money conversion exchange you can go to osmosis and this is basically end of my presentation which is actually also available on my block you can go to my block with WC Asia to 2023 I didn't mean it as an NFT so but if you want I can and then I mean if you really want to buy I can do it but I just did it and I didn't meant it so it's available here and I'm happy to take questions if there's any okay thank you very much big round of applause for Kinko


Today, we have a special guest making her return to the channel and her first appearance of 2020. This is my wife, Robin. She's put together a list of 10 of my best looks ever, according to her. And be sure to stick around to the end because I know she's going to throw in a couple clunkers. So something to look forward to, but why don't we just jump right into it with the first look here? Are we going to talk about how you are matching me today? This is what I had on, but it's a very nice outfit. I agree. Let's take a look at this first one here. So I don't know, it's just very classic, clean. You can see how perfect everything's fitting you. I will say I usually don't love those striped shirts on men. I feel like a lot of movies, every time they show the finance guy or Wall Street guy, he's always wearing a striped shirt and the white collar, but the striped collar works nice. And then the tie, I like that it's a little bit darker, kind of pulls everything together. And that's like your smoldering face. Smoldering face? Yeah. Yeah, this is just a really classic look. It's like the menswear uniform, really easy pattern mixing with the stripes and the medallion for the tie. So, yeah, this is actually one of my most popular photos ever. So you say all that much better than I do. All right, next look here. Number two, woof, that's pretty good.  I mean, there's only so many times you can wear that, but that looks pretty sharp. You like the scruff on the tuxedo? Because some people aren't into that. A little. Just a little. I think if it's too much, maybe not, but it's just like the shadow of it, yes.  Oh, that too, yeah. Wedding tux. Right, this is the one that I had made by Edward Sexton for our wedding. Yeah. This is a cool look. I went with the kind of, not a butterfly bow tie, but the straight end bow tie there. Do you like that too? Sure. Yeah. Okay. I don't know if I see the difference in that detail, but yeah, everything looks very nice. Cool. Another classic look. All right. Again, the smoldering look. Smoldering. There you go. That's the key. All right, next look here. Also from our trip to London. Is that the same jacket as the first one? It is the same jacket. It looks a little different, but I like how it's still, I feel like sometimes when a guy puts a tailored jacket with chinos, it can look like it doesn't balance properly, but something about that jacket, it's a little bit more relaxed. Looks nice with the chinos, a little bit of an open collar. It's because it can work if it's the right fabric and that's a hop-sack fabric, so I think that's why it works so well there. That's one of the reasons that I love that suit and I love that jacket. There's just so many different things that you can do with it. Not the smoldering look though. No. I think those were the only two that I picked that you had that look, but it was something very simple, classic, elegant, but very put together. What about the fact that I have a button unbuttoned on my shirt? Some people don't like that. I like it. Yeah. I mean, if it's not totally open, I think it's fine. Check out all my manly chest hair. Like a little bit of hair on the top? Yeah, no. That's fine. And I think it's also, that's the right color, Gino. It's not too khaki, so it feels a little bit more elevated than if it was more of a tan color. Got it. Got it. So a little bit different. It's a classic look, but it's got a little bit of a different spin. A little fresh. Cool. All right. Next, we're going to move on to the fourth look here. This is, what year is that? 2017. Love a three-piece suit. This one, I think, is a little bit more special because it's the Tweed, it has the elbow patches on it. Is that called something specific? Just patch pockets? No, no. It's elbow patches. Okay. Really like the tie. Really like the collar on the shirt. I feel like you just look very confident in it, and it's very pulled together, but not forced. It doesn't feel like you did, like some of the looks at the end are going to feel a little bit more forced. This feels like a nice balance of classic, but a little bit of a twist. I think is that a blue top, or is that white? It's blue. Yeah. I think that's a little bit unexpected. Yeah. This was the first suit that I ever had made by Michael Andrews. It's a brown Donegal Tweed. I actually have trouble styling it, so I'm glad that you picked this. This isn't one of my favorite looks, but I appreciate that you like it. Okay. Moving on here, look number five. Is that all linen? That is all linen. I like it. It's very casual, a little bit open on the top, not too much. The rolled up sleeves, I feel like it's a very tailored look, but it's perfectly casual. The way that you have it, like if the sleeves weren't rolled up, I don't think I would have liked it as much, but the whole effortless, chic look plus the hat, I feel like it really works here. It's hard to, I hate dressing in the summer and fabrics are really important, and staying like in that kind of tailored realm is hard, I feel in the summer, but yeah, this is a good one. I agree. I'd also say you in blues and you in browns are like your color. Yeah. I've got my colors that I like. Moving on. Cool, Brian. I like the fit of the jeans. It's the perfect color dark, I feel like to be casual, but a little bit fancier casual. The plaid coat on its own, I feel like would have been enough to make it a little bit more elevated and not so casual, but I really like the addition of the, what you call it, the indoor scarf on top of it. It's very minimal, but a little bit of a twist. I like the cardigan in this one too. It's hard to sometimes like dress up a casual look and just layer a cardigan, a scarf. It's all about like the layering here and this coat is awesome. So yeah, this is a good look. Yeah. Agreed. Aligned. Aligned, as you say. All right. Next look here. Like, I don't know why I like this so much. I think this is again another casual Brian look. I like a few things. So the brown, I like that it's a very rich brown, but it doesn't match the shoes perfectly and it's the like leather plus suede. I feel like if you had suede Chelsea boots on or the boots were darker, I may not have liked it as much. You don't like my dark suede Chelsea boots? They're not my favorite, but if you had them with this, I probably wouldn't have liked it. Yeah. I like that the. Too matchy. Yes. The fitted waistcoat looks nice with the more like deconstructed coat. I know you have more of like a denim jacket, um, boxy brown suede coat. I feel like if you wore that with this, it would have been too much. So I like that it's a little bit softer. Um, I mean, you just look really happy in it too. It's kind of similar to the last one in that there's like, if you take the waistcoat out, it's like a completely different look, but the waistcoat sort of that little extra layer in there sort of helps helps make it. I was talking with Rob, I remember exactly where we were when like every single photo you're choosing here, other than the ones that you've taken. Like I remember exactly where we were, what it felt like the time of day when we made this photo. And I think this was the first time that we shot in this particular location. Yeah. Yeah. It was like a good spot, kind of a happy accident that we found that spot. And you could also see like, I want to touch the coat in that photo. Yeah. It looks really soft. We're suede. Yeah. I might just be touching you the whole time or men. Okay. Next one is number eight. Good luck. So I have to say, I don't usually like light gray. So I remember when you were picking this out, this wasn't my favorite color originally, but that's usually because suiting pieces when they're in a light gray, it's that heathered gray. Like you can see the lines a little bit more in it. I don't love that look. I don't know why. I just, I feel like it looks better in different colors usually when you're seeing them all lined up, but that gray, because it's more of a solid and the flannel and the double breasted. I feel like that was your first double breasted blazer that you bought. First, nice one. Nice one. Nice one. Yeah. This, this I got at Al Bazaar in Milan when the first time we went there. It is, I'll agree. It is difficult, I think, to style a lighter gray jacket and I don't wear this as much as maybe I should. Maybe I'll wear it tonight when we go out to dinner. Okay. I also like that. There's, I mean, there's nothing else happening here. You have a white pocket square, white top, solid tie, solid pants, but it still feels like there's something extra happening. Maybe it's a double breasted. Possibly. The, the, the buttons on the, the coat too are darker, which I think pulls everything together. You have the dark pants, the dark tie, and the dark buttons, so, yeah. All right. Moving right on, number nine. This is the most casual look that I picked. I feel like this is the trendiest that you've ever, well, that you go, but it still looks like it fits. It doesn't feel forced. It doesn't look overdone. This, I think it also helps that the suit is really put together. If it was a little bit more relaxed, maybe I wouldn't have liked it as much, but it fits you really well. Everything's looking good. And the pop of like the print below is a little bit unexpected, but well done. I won't comment on the sock, the shoeless look, the sockless look, because I know that everyone will freak out. Yeah, I don't, I don't know. Something about this one that I don't know. I don't really like, I think it's because I know this suit and I don't like the suit anyway. It never really, it was like one of the first sort of made-to-measure suits that I had is from Brooks Brothers and the pants like never fit really well. Well that shot specifically doesn't look like it doesn't fit. I guess like when I see this, I can just remember, I know how the pants used to fit and how uncomfortable they were, but you know, I paid for it so I wore it as much as I could. So yeah. I like it. Yeah, I like throwing in, I love this printed shirt that I have and I wear it all the time. Yeah, I love throwing that in just like a plain, plain color suit, it adds a little something extra. And obviously that was summer, it was really hot, so that look made sense also when you were wearing it. Totally. Tots. All right. Ten. Another good three-piece suit. I will have to caveat this. This is one of the photos that when I first came across He Spoke Style, that was one of the most recent photos and that's kind of what captured my attention. This is from October 2013. Yeah. I really like the gray three-piece suit on you. I like the, you don't usually wear solid ties that often or maybe not as much anymore. I feel like I like the simplicity of the look because the three-piece on its own is kind of enough. You don't need to do a ton more to it. But even like the pop of red too, I feel like it all, I like this. I remember when we shot this, I remember everything about it. This was like one of my first like suits that I got. It's from Reese. I still wear the jacket. Yes. The pants, again, like the pants just didn't really work for me in the waistcoat. And you have a good one of those like the men's wear. That was the first time. I don't know how you do that when you're like, you get that perfect flip on the bottom. The flare on the jacket. That was the first time that we did that. And I remember like when we saw the photo, we were like, oh, that's so cool. Nailed it. Yeah. Look, I don't know what color of the shoes are. Are those like oxblood? They're burgundy. Yeah. Burgundy or oxblood. Sure. I like it. All right. More three-piece suits. You said 10, but I think there's 11, right? I think there's one more. Yeah. Oh, we lied. Sorry about that. So here's her 11th favorite look of mine. Don't worry, the bad ones are coming up too. And they're worth the wait, I promise. All right. Another early one. This is July 2013. You just started doing it, right? Yeah, mid-February 2013. So unlike the looks that we're going to see, I feel like this was one of the ones that's a little bit funkier for you in the beginning, but I feel like it works. Again, the shirt rolled up a little bit of an open collar. It kind of makes the waistcoat and the pants the more tailored look, a little less stuffy. And it's, I mean, just really simple, classic.  Yeah, it's nice to go back to see these really early looks, because some of them really work.  It's something, if you put it on now, it would not, like it still works now. Exactly. Good job. Well, what's next? The bad ones. The bad ones. All right.  You did. And I feel like there's maybe one or two that are really good. Well, those are the ones that I picked. These are your least favorite looks, so I can't wait to see.  Like 20s derby, maybe? Kind of boardwalk empire-ish.  The bow tie is like too narrow or too thin. The rounded collar with the bow tie, for some reason, it's bothering me. And I think the, I think you do a good job at mixing textures and things from different seasons, but the flannel waistcoat with a cotton blazer with everything else, I just... Yeah. No, I agree. That was, I mean, this, so this look was put together. It's a pre-knee series, right? No, no. This was how to dress for a summer wedding. And... If you, if someone came to our wedding like that, it would be really upset. I mean... It's just their own. But... Yeah. I agree. I think there's like too much going on. I don't mind the bow tie. You just don't like the preppy kind of thing. I don't like the preppy thing, but I feel like something with, maybe if the collar was different, the bow tie would fit right, but like, I don't know, the way that that close-up shot of the bow tie is, it's... But I agree, like mixing the cotton and the tweed, not such a good move. I mean, at this point, again, this is June 2013, I'm kind of like working with what I had, you know? And this is what I had, and this is an outfit that I put together, and well, I'm really sorry that you don't like it. I like it at one point, but I think it's also like in the straw hat, it's too many things overlapping. It looks more like a... If you went to a theme party, it would be fine, but like a, I don't know where else you would wear this. That's fair. Mm-hmm. All right. Next bad one. What's wrong with this? So do you remember what I said about like the, the striped shirts usually feel like... You don't like a contrast collar with a striped... Street guy, that looks like you're about to shoot a scene in like a mob movie, or like Boardwalk Empire. I personally don't love seersucker. Mm-hmm. I think that's a very hard thing to do, though. You can't really tell that. Even in that... So that's not like your typical like blue seersucker. That's like a tan seersucker. I think if you didn't have the hat, and maybe there's like a different tie, there's... It looks like a theme to make more of like a costume than an outfit that you would really... You would never wear that out to dinner. Not out to dinner. Exactly that way. Maybe like to an event. But I agree. It is a little costume-y. Yeah. Yeah. There's elements of it that work. I just don't think the brown, the seersucker, all the stripes and the hat on top. And I mean, I think it's also the look down. I feel like you're about to like walk into Dick Tracy or something with the hat and yeah. This... I like this suit. Unfortunately, I would number it... I would classify it as one of my regrets in terms of made-to-measure. This is one made from sacks. Yeah. I wish the shoulder is too strong. I wish I had like a no padding or no roping in the shoulder, just like a really natural shoulder. So... Oh well. Okay. Yes. No. Yeah. The seersucker suit. All right. All right. Moving on. Two more to go. Mm-hmm. Well, all right. I know you don't like cricket sweaters. I don't want to say I don't like them. But remember when I said before you were wearing the brown suede coat, you had something very fitted underneath, but then you had something looser. I think it's everything looks... I don't want to say baggy, but a little bit more of a loose fit. There's nothing tailored bringing it together, but yes, I don't totally love the preppy look in general. Yeah. I don't like this look either. I agree. I would also... Would this in your roundup? I don't know. I don't think I put it in there, but I definitely should have. This... This number is among my least favorite looks as well. I just... I'm just trying too hard. I got like the barn jacket, the cricket sweater, some chinos that don't really fit so well and bad shoes and that's... It's okay. It's not the worst. No, it's bad. All right. Last one here. I'm sensing a theme. There's the bow tie. There's the fact that... I like... But the first...  And this, I think I'm going to guess that you're going to say it looks too costuming. But so if you wore a tie and you didn't have the hat on, I don't think it would have bothered me as much, but I think all of that together, like I just said I love that suit and I love you in a waistcoat and the pants. That was another... Like it's just the... Again, like the finishing touches of everything. The other one had like an open collar. The sleeves were a little bit more rolled up. This seems a little bit more forced than... The other outfits looked like you just threw them on and you like walked out like cool guy, no problem. This feels like you thought... Like you can see that you really planned this out a little bit more. Yeah, I agree. I mean, definitely. It's costuming. This is like... I would say this is sort of like the mistake that every guy makes when they first get into style because this was the very beginning of the journey for me really thinking about it. This is mid-October, 2013. And you're trying things out and inevitably that results in something that looks like you tried too hard and you tried to do too much. But it's good that you did that because the other looks, you figured out another way to wear that a few months later well. I mean, you've worn those pieces a ton since then, just not all together. And now we can look back at it and laugh. With love. Yeah. Well, thank you very much. We appreciate it, Robin, coming back on the channel. Leave a comment and let us know if you'd like to see more of her. What types of topics you'd like to see us discuss together. I really enjoy having her on the channel. So leave your comments down below. Let me know or let us know what you thought of all those looks. If you liked them, if you disagreed, if you agreed, thumbs up if you liked this video. Don't forget to subscribe to the channel and be sure to hit that bell so you get notified every single time that we publish a new video. So that's all for now. Thanks for watching, guys, and stay tailored. Ringo. Ringo, do you want to help? This is a no-cat zone. Oh, did I leave the door open? Oh, now you're going to have to roll us up. He has an opinion, too. He liked this look. Okay. Okay, kitty. You've made your cameo. Okay. Go careful.


Hello everyone and welcome back to some Python programming tutorials. We're still looking at SimPy I'm Ruder the Null and now we're going to move into some actual cool mathematics and programming stuff today We're gonna be looking at symbols, which is essentially the core of symbolic Computation and now SimPy programming and cool stuff. We're looking at so this is really the baseline the foundation for all of these Coming tutorials so here we are in our Python interpreter We got idle fired up here and what I'm going to do is I'm going to import everything from our SimPy module Normally I had been doing this by import SimPy But I want to have all of the functions and kind of variables in our scope So without having to have to type SimPy in front of them all over and over and over again So the way to do this is from SimPy import all cool there we go now if we're using symbols Symbols are our variables like you know x and y and mathematics and other cool stuff if we get into z and z or whatever So that's what we need to be looking at let's say we wanted a variable x and we just had this expression x plus 1 That's that's pretty normal in mathematics, right? well in Python Always a variable needs a value if we're trying to use x kind of like a mathematical symbol like a mathematical variable Python's not going to know what we're doing. So we have to declare it as a symbol Python's variables are typically going to hold the place of a SimPy symbol You have to define them this way now the way that we do this with SimPy is with a function called symbols And you pass into it here the names as a string So we'll pass in the string x and we'll set this equal to the x variable in Python And that's the way that we kind of declare that we're going to be using a symbol We run this we just hit the enter button It doesn't return anything for us because we just set it to a variable But now it works pretty nicely if I tried x plus 1 now We get returned x plus 1 because SimPy and Python is understanding this as an expression if I use symbols y without Setting it to any variable. We're going to see the return here. It returns y as a symbol Now I haven't set this as a variable so we're not going to use that at all But we still got x. x is still working for us as a symbol within Python And because of SimPy's symbols function. That's the way that we can use this as a real symbolic mathematical value Note that this symbols function what it's going to do is it's going to take A string of variable names and they're typically separated by commas or spaces We could even pass x and y and z and it'll note that okay all of these variables x y and z are going to equal these Now we've got x we've got y and we've got z that works pretty well for us Now let's do some investigating. What if we had these in a different kind of order? We had let's say A and B. A and B are different or different variables we can use But if they were in the order of B comma A keep in mind symbols can read it with commas or spaces B and A Now A is equal to B as a symbol and B is equal to A as a symbol This is a little bit confusing right? Well the A variable in Python is pointing to the symbol B in SimPy So typically when you're talking about this stuff when you're talking about the code and your mathematics and your work with SimPy and Python What we'll be saying is that Python variables refer to obviously Python variables We're going to say variable if I mean to say variable If I mean to say symbol a SimPy symbol how we're interpreting in the mathematics world then we'll say symbol So I know this is a variable in mathematics as well but it's also confusing because it's a Python variable in computer science So when I'm referring to a variable in mathematics I will say symbol I know that's probably a little hard to kind of follow me but the real point behind this is that a Python variable will be stated as a variable And a SimPy symbol will be stated as a symbol Hopefully that's not too confusing I know it gets messy so let's check it out Messy can equal symbols everything I wanted to show this to you guys because now messy being a variable is a symbol everything I want to show this to you because it can also display that symbols can have names that are longer than one character if you want to have them that way Typically the best practice is to assign symbols to Python variables that have the same name But this can kind of be led to a few exceptions Symbol names cannot contain characters that can contain characters that are not allowed in Python variables like starting with an integer or minus signs I think you can use minus signs I'm not typically certain But hey you can play around with it and do what you'd like to do Now note we can have expressions that keep track of all of these variables x and y and z Sorry x is what we can work with We can say x plus one the same example we've been working with before And we can have this expression variable equal x plus one Now we've got our expression x plus one That's fantastic right Now what if we changed the Python variable of x to equal something else Rather than a symbol that we set in Python What if we, a symbol that we set in Sympi sorry What if we change it What if we change the value of x to two Two plus one is three right Yeah yeah yeah So now if we run expression if we look at our expression what do we see here It's still x plus one but we just set x to equal two what the heck Well keep in mind x equals two is set as the Python variable And of course we haven't even changed the expression variable That's still going to equal x plus one while x is a Python symbol It's not a Python variable anymore Of course if we try and reset expression right up here Now if we look at expression we get three Now this is only happening because of order and because of procedural programming Changing x to two had no effect on the expression Because we've only changed the variable but we haven't changed the expression before afterwards You know this behavior is not unique to Sympi it happens all the time in programming If a variable is changed expressions that were changed with that variable do not automatically change Let's take a look at this The tutorial and the documentation online gives us this Give this good example saying x equals a b c and the expression can equal x plus d f you know And if we were to look at the expression e x p r and if we change x to equal a b c And then if we look at the expression one more time it's still a b c d f Because we only changed x we didn't change the expression And this just has another layer of higher order of brain thinking Because now we're looking at Python Sympi symbols on top of Python variables So that can get a little jumbled in your head but it shouldn't have to Just know that anything that you set as a symbol it's going to work as a symbol And symbols sorry There you go Okay I think that's kind of all that I want to talk about in this video I'm actually simply introducing x symbols to you and they're treated as variables You can do as many things as you kind of want with them It's simply variables that work in mathematics as well in the computer science and programming realm So play around with it if you want We still got y and stuff like that We can use x plus y and they're still going to be working as the variables that they need to work as y minus x 30 times y minus x Just do math if you want Hey dude it's your world it's your playground Playing this playground So there you go guys I hope you enjoyed this tutorial Again it was kind of a foundational thing Knowing how to create symbols in Sympi and how we're going to be able to use them in Python The work that we do Alright thanks for watching everybody Hope you enjoyed this tutorial I'll talk to you later