Paul says in 1 Corinthians 13, 8 that we know impart and we prophesy impart. Now there are those that will say that means that you can give a false prophecy. You can be wrong about the prophecy. The problem is that it's not what that passage means. Hey smart Christians welcome back. A passage that you hear a lot especially now more of late is when you hear people who have given these false prophecies and you've got people that for whatever reason want to go in need to defend themselves. I can understand why they want to defend themselves if they've given a false prophecy, but also they want to go and defend others who have given a false prophecy. No doubt probably because maybe they had themselves given false prophecies or they have some sort of allegiance or there are a lot of similarities with them. The fact of the matter is the passage that they tend to cite is 1 Corinthians 13, 9. We'll go to that in a second, but then also what we see happening is that they are now starting to impugn actual legitimate biblical prophets that have never gotten a prophecy wrong and impugn them as to say that they were maybe not too sure about the prophecy itself. They weren't sure if that's what God meant. Well how they felt what they thought God meant has no bearing on the prophecy being true. You simply say what God says. If God says something, if God gives a revelation to you then you reveal it. Prophecy simply means to tell, to inform, to give a revelation. And so if it comes from God, you simply say it. Whether you understand it or not, whether you believe it or not, whether you're afraid of it or not, it doesn't matter. If it's truly a word from God and you say it, well then guess what? We know that you truly heard from God, even if it's giving what the thus sayeth the Lord. In other words, what the Bible says. We have his pure revelation from us. We can inform and tell people about that which is what Paul is getting at in 1 Corinthians. He's trying to get us to understand that the gifts or the numitikon, which literally means the spiritual things or things of the spirit, he's trying to get us to see that those things are for the benefit, the building of the body. And he goes in the 1st Corinthians 13 speaking about love. The reason why we should love is because that would cause us to not use our gifting or the spirit or anything that we have for the benefit of ourselves, but instead love is what he says to pursue. Not spiritual gifts. Do not let anyone tell you that 1 Corinthians 14 tells us to pursue spiritual gifts. It does not. It takes a person who either doesn't know how to read or doesn't want to read the scriptures properly. They want to ice a jeep reading to the text to tell you that God wants us to pursue spiritual gifts. It does not say that. It says desire the things of the spirit, but it says to pursue love. Why? Because if you pursue love, then what you want to do, you want to share love. Notice what he says in chapter 13. We'll go to that in a second. But if you want to pursue spiritual gifts, then you're pursuing spiritual gifts. Why? For yourself, which is why we see what we see happening in the church of Corinth, but also what we see happening today. People want to be something special. They want to pursue certain gifts, but it's only the spirit that can give you those things, not you yourself. But back to this point, there are those that have given an awful lot of false prophecies. Prophecies that have not come true, and there were those that will come back and give a defense. So let's go to 1 Corinthians 13. Notice what he says. Verse 18 says, Love never fails, but there are gifts of prophecy they will be done away with. If there are tongues, they will cease. If there is knowledge, it will be done away with, for we know in part and we prophesy in part. But when the perfect comes, the partial will be done away with now. I am not a cessationist. So therefore I am not believing or saying this to say that that means certain gifts have been done away with. Because if you notice in this passage, there are three mentioned items. There are three things that are mentioned here, tongues, knowledge, and prophecy. I think all of those are for the same reason. I think that what the Bible is trying to do is use some of these things of the Spirit for informing people. For example, tongues, what are they for? Prophecy, what is it for? Knowledge, what is it for? All of those are to inform people. There are those that will have you believe for example that tongues are for yourself. Whereas every other single gift that we have is for everyone else, but this particular gift is for yourself. That just takes a level of immaturity, arrogance, and just not knowing what the Scriptures say to come away with that. You are reading your own doctrine, your church theology, your own feelings, your emotions, experience into the text. Look at what he's speaking of. Now everything is coupled and covered in love. And if you love, what do you want to do? Give it out. Love is shown outwardly. Love is not demonstrated inwardly on yourself. We see that nowadays people love themselves so much and they want to prove it to themselves how much they love themselves. And so if my understanding is correct that speaking about love, it will never fail. But if there are gifts of prophecy, this is to inform revelation. That's what it's for. Most prophecy in the Bible is not a foretelling prophecy. Most prophecy in the Bible is forth telling me, speaking of what the Lord is saying right now. This is a revelation or information that is coming from God and the people are being told why for the benefit of the people. So going back to it, prophecy that will be done away with, well, when will they be done away with and why? That's the point. If there are tongues, well, I don't mean the tongues that we see today. The ecstatic tongues that no one knows about even though Paul says you should have an understanding, you should know he literally says in 1 Corinthians 12, I don't want you to be unknowing or ignorant or unaware.  That's contradictory, by the way, but tongues seem to indicate as we see it being used in the Bible, it's always meant to language and what's the point and purpose of a language? To communicate, to share something with you. And so if the purpose of language is to communicate and God gives the ability or some people the ability to speak in these languages, it's also to communicate. And so if it's to communicate, communicate what the gospel, to build up everyone else, because again, we're talking about love and love is demonstrated outwardly. If love is demonstrated outwardly and in this case, in terms of language, what do you do outwardly to show your love as regards to this gift? It is to give some information, to inform, to tell, by way of certain languages, a language that the person speaks and understands that you need to give them this information too. And then also, they will cease, he says. The question is when? What will cause them? Why will they cease? If there is knowledge, it will be done away with. Why? What reason will we ever need for knowledge to go away? Well, the point of knowledge is to help us, not for yourself. We don't gain knowledge for the sake of ourselves. That builds us up. But if we gain knowledge and we use it to help the body to share the information, then there we have it. And if love is demonstrated in us that we have some knowledge of what we want to do, we want to share it with someone else, thereby edifying the body. And so you can kind of see how these three things work together. Love will produce people to want to give a revelation in form of God and do so maybe in tongues or in languages and also through our knowledge. At some point in time, though, all of these things are going to go away. Well, that kind of helps me to understand when the perfect that he's speaking of will come. Not the close of the canon. I don't think so because even when the close of the canon happened, there were people who did not even have all of the canon. Remember, we didn't have printing presses. We didn't have a bookstore where we can go and get a Bible. We couldn't order it from Amazon. You had to wait for either someone to bring it to you by mouth. Or if you happen to have a copy from a scribe, a codex or what have you, well then amen. But typically in the early church, people did not have the full access to all of the words. So I don't think it could have meant the close of the canon. But he says, for we know in part and we prophesy in part, the reason why this is important is because this word right here in the Greek, this word gar, is post positive. We ship it to the front of that. So for what does the for mean? Well, he's just talking about it. He's not speaking about anyone having some sort of false prophecy, someone getting the information right or wrong and then coming back and saying, well, I got it wrong. But for we know in part, that is not even the point of the conversation. That's not what's being spoken of. What's being spoken of? The numitikon. And in this regard, it's couch in love. And so he's speaking about love as regards to us being not divided. Because that's the whole point of the letter of 1 Corinthians that we not be divided. Look what he says in chapter one. Look, we talks about about the family in six and seven and so forth. And so then he comes to chapter 12. Now concerning spiritual things or some version might translate it, spiritual gifts. So that there'd be no divisions that we don't esteem any gifts any higher than the next. Just like he says, that we don't esteem any parts of the body higher than the next. But all things are for the edification or the common good of everyone. And so here we get to chapter 13. And so he speaks about prophecy and he speaks about tongues, languages, which is what the word means, and then knowledge. All of those things have to do with people getting the word and growing in the word. That's the point of all three of these. Why would that mean that it couldn't be the canon? Because we still need those things. But what I think it means is when Jesus comes, when all of that is done and we're all with him, we won't need prophecy. We won't need someone to bring about revelation. We won't need someone to bring about languages. We won't need someone to give us their knowledge. As a matter of fact, even in the Old Testament in Jeremiah 31, as he's speaking about the new covenant, he's telling them that the time is going to come. You won't need anyone to teach you anything or for someone to say, no, the Lord. You will know the Lord for yourself. That time is going to come now. Do we still need folks to do that? We still need people to teach of the Lord, to know of the Lord, to help us understand that's why we've been given certain offices and certain roles and positions for the building of the body.  What's the point and how does that go along with this? There are a lot of things that we have not been shown that we haven't been told.  Speaking of the coming of the Spirit upon man's heart to regenerate him, well going forward into 1 Corinthians 13, the same thing. We don't know a lot. We don't know all that there is to know. And so it's not to be taken that we prophesy part of it. We only get part of it. And so that part, we might get it right. We might get it wrong. No, because here's the truth. Whatever revelation is true from God, whatever word that God gives a person, a supposed prophet, well then guess what? Whatever he gives you, it's still true. And so for a so-called prophet to get a word of God and to get it wrong, that's not the same as we prophesy it. We know in part and we prophesy in part. No, the prophecy or the revelation and the knowledge that we have in part is that we don't know everything that there is to know. But what we do know, we are responsible for saying it correctly. So when someone comes back and says that I've given a false prophecy, but that's only because I know in part. Well, that's them saying that God gave them the prophecy incorrectly or now you'll see people say, well, I received it correctly, but I just or they just communicated it incorrectly. You're still a false prophet. Even if you communicated incorrectly, there is no out clause. There's no exception.  Even if you give a false prophecy because the fine line says, well, we know in part but we prophesy in part. And so again, that's not what this prophecy is talking about. So when someone comes and says, well, the reason why they got it wrong because it's passage, first of all, you're a false prophet too. You're not understanding the text. And so you are bad exegy. You are mishandling the text. That's not what he is speaking of at all. Where is this issue of false prophecy even being brought up here? It's not. The issue is giving information for the benefit of growing the body. And so again, when someone tells you who's given a false prophecy or someone is defending a false prophecy or false prophet and they run that passage, no, that would be contradicted because the Bible says if someone speaks presumptuously of God, saying that God said this and it doesn't happen. It's not true. God said, know that that person does not speak for me. Do not listen to him. Do not be afraid of them. As a matter of fact, just shun them, disregard them. You don't need to listen to a person like that. Someone that will come out and arrogantly and boastfully say that the Lord said this and it's not true. That's a person that might be dangerous because could you imagine if they just happened to get one or two things right and he may even be fooling himself and certainly fooling others. That's a dangerous person. Why not just say what the word says and leave it at that? If you get it wrong, you didn't say God told me and then try to look for excuse and outclaws. Well, we know in part but we prophesy in part. No, because God didn't even give a way out for false teachers. He didn't give a way out for false prophets.  Better yet, mark and avoid that person.


So student in this module I will be talking about SQL and some of the examples of the select statement which is a very powerful statement in SQL. Now SQL is an acronym for structured query language but over the period of time it has no longer an acronym. When we say SQL people think of the SQL database and when we say SQL database or people think of the SQL database it is a relational model. There are quite a few statements in the SQL which I mentioned in the prior module also. But the kind of good thing is that since they are so powerful statements in a web based database application environment we are good or we are safe or we are in a good position not using all of those statements. We can do quite a lot of things with a very small number of SQL statements. So let's look at those statements also very briefly with definitely the select statement not all of those statements and I will also talk about the performance issue because remember one thing is that if you are if there are multiple customers or multiple people from different domain and they are looking at your website and other website then performance is very important it's not a desktop application all the world is looking at your application. So your application has to not only perform but it has to engage the end user with a waste time which I will explain to you very shortly. So what will be covered in this module basic rule of SQL impact of database driven websites and so on and then I will also talk about cursors and I will talk about sensitive cursors and why all of this is why all this matters why this is important and of course some examples of the select command also the basic rule of SQL this is the same thing which we discussed in the prior modules that everything is a table in the relational model or the SQL database which is the relational model everything is a table and the result of the operator on a table also results in a table. So now let's look at what happens in the traditional programming paradigm in the 80s and 90s and how it is different from the SQL stuck it to language. Now what happened in the 80s and 90s was you can see on the screen that get the first record okay and do something on it whatever the processing is required and loop keep on getting the records one by one and performing actions on them okay till there are no records or certain stop criteria is is reached so that was the 80s and 90s okay in the relational database is that get all records which are so for example if I am interested in finding those people who have been late by two months in their bill payment and they were also late the prior year also so in this SQL domain I will retrieve all the records of the people who who have who have been late by two months and that happened in the previous year also and then I will process on it okay so get all the records okay and then do something on them whatever was required to be done so this is the big difference between the conventional paradigm and the SQL paradigm so now what is the impact of database driven websites is that HTML is generated as per the SQL rule basic SQL rule the basic SQL rule is retrieve all okay what is relevant and then of course we perform the operation on them same rule for single record all the records are retrieved they say for example now I have to put the labels on the web page to create a table that returns one row per unique identifier so I have to ensure that whatever is going to be displayed on the web page that has a unique identifier and all the records which which which meet that criteria as retrieved and then individually select from among those records and that data is then displayed as part of the web page what is the cursor now again we are talking about the performance cursor is a pointer to the process rows right so there is a query the data is retrieved that data is in a cursor I access that cursor now I am not going to details because that is part of the database course but right now why I am mentioning it it will be clear in the next slide so I make that query I have this cursor which is the reference and this cursor when I discuss it requires less database processing it requires less database processing because the data has been retrieved and I can reference it now there's a difference between the cursor which I just mentioned and sensitive cursor so sensitive cursor is that if there are changes in the database corresponding to which I have executed a cursor so in a sensitive cursor those changes are reflected in a sensitive cursor in an insensitive cursor I am not looking at or that those changes are not displayed so that was a difference between the sensitive and insensitive cursor now finally why this matters okay is moving the evaluations into the original query that gives the performance right optimize the query writing optimize the query writing as I just gave the example that instead of bringing out the records of the people who were laid by two payments and then finding if they were late last year also that is going to run slower as compared to bringing all the people with two late payments and last year late also this is optimizing the query writing okay now remember one thing remember that once I am I have I'm retrieving data from the database it is unpredictable unpredictable is the sense that we don't know that how many records will match the condition right now once I have this matching data which is unpredictable then what I can do that I can use a cursor to select the records one by one so it is predictable in the cursor with a ways just retrieving all the records now I have to keep my customer my visitor engaged so I will give a message okay now I am processing kind of a message this data is being processed and then you can retrieve one by one one by one from the cursor incrementally okay which of course will take constant amount of time as compared to running the query on the database and retrieving everything everything with the where clause and now some of the examples of the select statement so now I will conclude this module and this is the structure of the standard select statement and these are some of the examples give me the names of all the customers where the balance is greater than zero okay and order them and by default this is ascending order so that's all I have for you in this module thank you for your time


So let's officially start and let me welcome you to the 2020 ethics village. It's always lovely to see you. Privacy and civil liberties oversight board member Travis LeBlanc is that's a mouthful. I'm, you know, given that we are, as everyone knows, we are all in the midst of a worldwide pandemic. We're doing this virtually this year, obviously would love to see you in person and be having this conversation live in Vegas, but we will make do with technology and see where we go.  So Travis LeBlanc is a board member of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board and before he was confirmed to what is known as the P-CLOB, the acronym for the board, he was appointed by the US Department of Commerce and the European Commission to serve as an arbiter under the EU-US Privacy Shield Framework. Because the way that the P-CLOB is set up, only the chair of the P-CLOB is a full-time employee, so to speak. It means that everybody else generally has other full-time jobs, which you do. You're a partner at Cooley, where you're on the management team of Cooley's litigation department and you've also served as vice chair of Cooley's cyber data and privacy practice and Travis is a leading authority on cyber security, data privacy, telemet communications and the regulation of emerging and disruptive technologies. Now, before all of that, Travis was chief of the FCC, Federal Communication Commission's Enforcement Bureau during the Obama administration, where he spearheaded hundreds of enforcement actions involving consumer issues such as false advertising and the Telephone Consumer Privacy Act, unfair competition, regulatory compliance and fraud, waste and abuse of government programs. And of note, especially for this conference, he brought the first data security action by the FCC and he led enforcement actions resulting in fines together totaling over $100 million, which I think was a record for the FCC's Enforcement Bureau. And before all of that, Travis was a senior advisor to former California Attorney General Kamala D. Harris and a special assistant attorney general of California where he oversaw California's complex litigation and policy in areas such as technology regulation, high tech crime, cybersecurity, privacy, intellectual property, antitrust and telecommunications. Indeed, he created the privacy unit that is responsible for enforcement of California's Privacy Act and created California's e-crime unit, which has the primary mission of investigating and prosecuting multi-jurisdictional criminal organizations, networks and groups that perpetrate identity theft crimes, use an electronic device or network to facilitate a crime or commit a crime targeting an electronic device, network or intellectual property. And before all of that, he served during the Obama administration as an attorney advisor in the US Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel, which advises the president, attorney general and executive branch agencies on the constitutionality and legality of the programs and activities of the US government. So welcome. I'm first gonna focus a bit on your current role as a member of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board and ask you for those watching who may not be familiar with what the P-Club is and does, whether, could you please give us a little background about the board and the projects that the board has been working on of late? Well, thank you, Stephanie, for that very kind introduction. I also wanna thank the Ethics Village for having me join you all virtually this year at DEF CON. I was in Vegas last August and was around DEF CON as it was taking place and got to really see a lot of good friends who I will miss seeing, not being able to see at least in person this year. Listening you talk about my background, Stephanie, you definitely made me feel like an old man because there are a lot of years that are there going back, but that's okay. That is A-okay. Maybe it's just that you've done so many things in a short period of time. One could look at it that way. That's where all my hair went. That's the explanation for it. Look, I'm thrilled to be here and to share with folks, some of the work that we're doing at the P-Claw. The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board is an independent agency within the executive branch. It was created out of a recommendation from the 9-11 Commission, which as you all probably may recall, one of the main challenges that the US faced around 9-11 was the lack of intelligence sharing between the intelligence community and law enforcement. That resulted in a host of new authorities that built in a number of surveillance tools that could be used by the United States government to help prevent another terrorist attack in the future. Well, along with those surveillance authorities was a desire to ensure that the privacy and civil liberties of US persons was being balanced against the use of those authorities to protect the nation from terrorism. The Board is run by five members that are all appointed by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate. Three are always members of the party of the President. So currently the majority of the Board, three members are Republicans and then two are Democrats. I'm one of the Democratic members of the P-Claw. As Stephanie mentioned, the chairman is full-time, but the other four members are all part-time members, which means we balance our work at the Board with employment outside of the government. In my instance, I'm a partner at a law firm, Cooley. And I have been on the Board since last year. We are in the process of reviewing several projects, but our jurisdiction primarily extends to the programs and activities that are meant to protect the nation against terrorism. Much of the work that we do is classified. We all have security clearances at the highest level and are not prevented from gaining access to any information because it is classified. Our work generally breaks into two buckets. One bucket is advice and the other bucket is oversight. With respect to advice, we are generally in the capacity of being asked by a component of the intelligence community about a program or activity that they are engaging in or are seeking to engage in about the extent to which the program could better protect or does protect privacy and civil liberties of U.S. persons. Those advice projects we typically do not publicize, in part because they're often classified, but also in part because we like to incentivize the intelligence community to seek out our counsel and have a little bit of independent advice being provided to them about ways that they can improve the privacy and civil liberties protections of the programs and activities of those components. The second bucket is our oversight project. And this is where we often will elect to look at particular programs or activities of the government and decide which ones are worthy of having the P-Clobs independent oversight. We have several of those that are ongoing right now, but we've just recently finished up a review of the National Security Agency, the NSA's program to collect call detail records, hear me refer to you as CDRs, but essentially the NSA for many years operated a program where it collected large scale metadata about telephone calls, primarily outside of the made to numbers outside of the United States, but there were ways in which it could catch calls within the United States. We found in our report that this program was ineffective, that it was needlessly intrusive into the privacy and civil liberties of US persons and that it was extremely expensive. In the few years that it operated, since 2015, the program cost about $100 million. And for that $100 million, where they collected a very, very, very large number of details about telephone calls, the NSA produced 15 intelligence reports. Of those 15 intelligence reports, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the FBI, concluded that only two had information the FBI was unaware of. So for years in collecting a massive number of calls by US persons, there were only 15 reports that were generated from this. It was sort of shooting, it was literally looking for a needle in a haystack to try and find something. There were also numerous compliance incidents and data integrity concerns with the program as well. So much so that a little over a year ago, the NSA decided on its own that it should shut the program down. And we certainly concurred in that decision and put out a report to improve transparency into how this program had operated. In my view, it was the digital equivalent of the bridge to nowhere. The NSA has deleted all of the records associated with it and the authority for the program has now expired. We're doing, in addition to the CDR project, we have several ongoing projects that we're working on right now. A few examples of those are, we're looking at the use of open source intelligence by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, essentially gaining access to commercially available databases or how they might mine social media or other open source materials for investigatory purposes.  We're looking at a Department of Treasury program, the terrorist finance tracking program as well to examine that. And then we are looking at a program operated by DHS, the Department of Homeland Security, looking at biometrics and the use of biometrics in airports. As many of you may be aware, the Department of Homeland Security uses a series of biometric collection tools in airports, everything from fingerprints to facial recognition technology. Our project definitely has a huge focus on facial recognition technology and it's used by the Transportation Security Administration, by Customs and Border Protection and by airlines and others. To sort of examine right now what is mostly a pilot program, but that DHS certainly anticipates rolling out long-term at all entry and exit points in the United States going forward. So that, Stephanie, that's a lot of information about some of the work that we're doing. I definitely did not share everything, but hopefully that answers the initial question. Absolutely, you've given a lot to talk about. And so let me just dig a little further into two specific things that you mentioned. The report that this P-Club produced on the Call Detail Records program, this of course isn't the first time the P-Club under different members, I should say, looked at the Call Detail Records program. One of the things that caught my eye about the current board's evaluation of this program is you all were really able to shed light on the cost of this program versus the efficacy, the results. And I think you really illuminated for perhaps the federal government and certainly the public that one of the things that needs to be considered is whether we're really getting a bang for all buck with these kinds of programs. So were you surprised at how expensive this program was versus kind of the limited end product that it produced? Oh, I definitely was surprised about the disparity. I mean, when I saw 15 reports and I know everything that had to go into operating this program, I knew it was extremely expensive. As you may be aware, under the statutory authority that was available to the NSA, they had the ability to pay telecommunications carriers to actually participate in the program. And so that is an expensive endeavor as well that's involved. So it was very important to me that we understand the cost of the program because as we are evaluating the impact on privacy and civil liberties, we ought to compare that to the effectiveness of the program and also the cost of the program. A billion dollars to intrude into people's privacy and civil liberties and get almost nothing from it is not really worth the program in terms of advising Congress about whether or not the program should be extended or advising the executive branch about whether or not it should be ended. So I do believe that it is critical that we have an understanding of just how much these programs cost so that we can really weigh the benefit of the programs against the expenses to not only the privacy and civil liberties, but also to the public fisk. So in agreeing with you on that point, I should have said at the beginning that my name is Stephanie Pell. I'm a professor at West Point, but anything that comes out of my mouth, although this interview is about your views, but anything that happens to come out of my mouth are my views and do not represent the views of the Army, West Point, or the federal government at large. So anyway, but I agree with you. So moving on, you mentioned an ongoing project where the P-Club is looking at DHS's use of biometric technologies in airports. I'd like to broaden the biometric technology discussion a little further with you and just recall the story that many of us have read in the Washington Post about a man named Robert Williams, who is an African-American man who was arrested at his home in front of his children and held for a night in jail to a misidentification based on a facial recognition algorithm. So in other words, he was arrested based on this misidentification for a crime he did not commit and was held in jail overnight. And I would say that unfortunately, we shouldn't, as horrible as this was, we shouldn't be terribly surprised as we've known for some time that facial recognition technologies disproportionately misidentify people of color and women. So how would you address the disparate impact that facial recognition technologies have on communities of color? And more broadly, what concerns do you have about how the U.S. government collects and uses information produced by biometric technologies? Yeah, we all know and have known for a very long time that facial recognition technology has a big impact propensity to misidentify people of color and women. There are numerous studies on this. In 2018, the MIT Media Lab produced a study that found that there was an inability of facial recognition technology algorithms to identify or misidentify people of color. Last year, the NIST, which is a federal government agency, put out a report looking at 200 facial recognition algorithms and finding evidence of bias along issues of skin color. There was bound to be a time, if not many times that have happened, but one that we now know of where a person of color would be misidentified by a facial recognition algorithm. I refer to these as race breaches. This is essentially a breach that is taking place in the algorithm. I think that going forward, if the government is going to rely upon facial recognition technology, it has a responsibility, a duty to ensure that people of color, women, are not disproportionately misidentified or adversely impacted by these particular technologies. And part of that is by making sure that before any facial recognition technology is deployed, that the government or any public authority has given a real strong consideration to the impact that this particular algorithm will have in this particular use case on communities of color. And that means really beginning to think about, not just does this particular program impact privacy and civil liberties, but recognizing when that impact disproportionately impacts a particular community and ensuring that the government is taking mitigating steps or taking any steps to remediate that disproportionate impact. It's about making sure that we are thinking about the deployment of a technology like a facial recognition technology that we're thinking about equality. And that from the beginning, we are building in place protections that are designed to ensure that these programs do not operate in a manner that disproportionately impacts people of color. I call this equality by design. Many people may be familiar with the concept of privacy by design. That is building privacy into a new product so that it respects it from the beginning and doesn't collect any more information, for example, than it needs to. Well, we ought to do the same thing around civil rights concerns. We ought to build equality into the very design of the product from the beginning so that ultimately it minimizes any impact that it's gonna have on communities. I don't know that at the end of the day that's ultimately going to solve the problem with bias in facial recognition algorithms. We've seen a number of corporations over the last two months begin to pull away from their facial recognition products that were being sold or marketed to law enforcement. IBM, for example, has stepped back from it as have Microsoft and Amazon all making announcements. And we've seen several cities now and states begin to look at whether to ban facial recognition technology and its use by law enforcement. San Francisco's done it, Boston has done it. In fact, the Massachusetts legislature is, it looks prime to ban it in the state for use by law enforcement. And I think that there's no doubt that one of the primary factors that are motivating these companies as well as these governments to limit the use of facial recognition technology is they haven't often gotten the issue of bias along racial lines, correct? And as long as that's there, we have to be mindful about rolling this technology out so that we don't end up in a world where we now have digital biometric technologies that essentially are discriminating against people of color in the same way that so many people have experienced for decades or centuries in this country. We don't want a world where one segment typically has to go through a secondary inspection or additional questions or is presumed guilty before just by their image. That is the world that we're trying to avoid right now. And the last thing we wanna do is hard code that into the 21st century by beginning to deploy new technologies for the government to use that could ultimately disproportionately impact and be adverse to people of color. So you are really calling for, it's not just a, it's not a new discussion but broadening the discussion not just about privacy by design and looking at the privacy impacts of government use of certain technologies but a specific focus on how the use of those technologies could have a disparate impact on marginalized or communities of color. Because if not, we risk using technology to further facilitate racism at scale. That's exactly right. I mean, these algorithms are created by humans. These humans may have biases or the way that the algorithm is trained could be biased that those are easy examples. But what I am saying is we shouldn't just think about the impact of a program on this amorphous concept of privacy that really focuses on the privacy of the majority when there is a disproportionate impact on vulnerable communities or disproportionate impact on historically disenfranchised or disadvantaged communities, we ought to be looking at that program and scrutinizing it even more. And I think that's what's missing right now. What's missing right now is we often just think about privacy writ large. We don't actually think about how the privacy of the minority is being disparaged by a particular program. The last thing we wanna do is have a world where the privacy and civil liberties of the majority is protected while the privacy and civil liberties of the minority is disregarded or otherwise disproportionately impacted. We don't want privacy to be a luxury good to anyone. Right, and at times it's had a tendency to be that way, unfortunately. So I'd like to now talk with you about a letter you wrote, I believe last month because we're still in July, to the acting secretary of DHS in your official capacity as a P-claw board member. And you wrote to express your concerns and to raise questions about a DHS program requiring all air travelers to submit to mandatory DHS administered temperature checks or thermal imaging before boarding a commercial airline. What were some of the concerns that you expressed in your letter to the acting secretary of DHS and have you received a response? And my understanding also is that some members of Congress have now taken up this cause and concern with you. Yeah, I have several concerns about this program. It is the plan, as I understand it, is for the TSA to administer temperature checks at security checkpoints in airports. My understanding is that this has been requested by various airlines, in part because they don't wanna administer them and because they don't wanna pay for the temperature checks that would be administered. I have strong concerns about the efficacy of temperature checks at or fever checks at detecting whether someone is infected with COVID-19. As you may know, there are many reasons why someone would have a fever. COVID-19 is one reason, but there are a host of other reasons that range from an illness to a condition, a heart condition, for example, or maybe the person had just been running through the airport to get from the check-in desk to their flight because they're late. I'm also equally concerned that if someone wanted to suppress their temperature or their fever, that that's also easy to do by taking aspirin or ibuprofen, for example, or just putting a little ice on your head for a little while before you walk up to the checkpoint. Thirdly, it's not apparent to me that TSA agents are trained in asking questions or administering public health examinations. And so, it's not, I have no idea how TSA would plan to train these agents, which whose mission is supposed to be the security of air travel, not necessarily the public health of air travel. I'm not saying that there aren't public health experts in the government that do have the training to do this, namely, the Center for Disease Control, the CDC would have this expertise, but the CDC has already publicly stated, or at least information has been made publicly available that they don't wanna participate in this program because it's not effective. So there are concerns about efficacy, there are concerns about the authority that TSA has to administer this program, and there are also concerns about the government's collection of this information. What are they collecting? What are they going to do with this information? What database is it going to go into? And how is this going to impact travel? Are they going to ban individuals from passengers, from traveling for 14 days? Are they gonna create a no fly list or add you to the no fly list? What happens if you come with a doctor's note that actually says I just got tested yesterday and I don't have COVID-19, even though I have a fever? Or more importantly, who's going to reimburse the individual for the plane ticket that they won't be able to take? Are they gonna be guaranteed refunds by TSA? Are they gonna be guaranteed a seat in 14 days? What if they're going for their cancer treatment? Are they gonna be denied access to the right to travel to their doctor?  It just seems that there are so many questions that not only haven't been answered about what they're collecting and what they're doing with this, but also the impacts and how this is gonna impact the traveling public. I also have concerns about the disproportionate impact that this program may have on people of color. CDC has put out several reports on how COVID-19 is disproportionately impacting people of color. African-Americans are more likely to die from COVID-19 than our other groups. African-Americans and Latinos are more likely to be hospitalized and Native Americans are more likely to be hospitalized than other groups. If we assume that COVID-19 disproportionately impacts people of color, then we should assume that a program that is designed to root out COVID-19 is going to ultimately end up disproportionately impacting people of color. And it is extremely troubling to me that the right to travel and travel by air when in many instances, there isn't an adequate substitute that would be available to those folks that they would somehow be denied the right to travel. And that could impact your job. It could impact your health. It could impact your family or personal situation in ways that are, I think, potentially deeply troubling. And so I'm hopeful that DHS will rethink this program. Several members of Congress are also on both sides of the aisle, Republicans and Democrats seem to be concerned not only about the efficacy but the impact on privacy and civil liberties of this program. And hopefully TSA and DHS will come to its senses and realized that it shouldn't be in the business of administering temperature checks in airports. And if they do want to actually increase the actual safety of air travel with respect to COVID-19, there are other measures that numerous experts have reported on that airlines, for example, could take to better secure air travel and to better ensure that it's a healthy experience for all passengers. Well, I look forward to what, if any, responses are forthcoming. So as you mentioned before, the P-Club had broad discretion and authority to conduct oversight and provide advice to the US government with respect to the implementation of executive branch policies, procedures, regulations and information sharing practices relating to efforts to protect the nation from terrorism in order to ensure that privacy and civil liberties are protected. So this authority therefore covers the activities of both law enforcement and intelligence agencies. And given the scope of the board's discretion within the context of terrorism programs, if you alone could determine the priorities for the P-Club, what projects would you add to its current slate? So a very good question. There are many, I think there are so many issues within our jurisdiction for us to look at that the challenge we really do face is balancing the limited resources we have with the projects that really do stand to benefit from oversight by the P-Club. Among the topics that I would prioritize would be stingrays. Many folks may be aware of the existence of a cell site simulator technology that would allow someone to intercept telephone calls as well as text messages if they run a stingray near your location. I think it's important for us to examine the use of stingrays by the intelligence community and the efforts to protect the nation against terrorism. I'd also think that there'd be some value in the P-Club looking at when components of the US government decide to use hacking tools and beginning to think about what standards are around those, who they can be used against, what approvals need to be put in place, how they can be secured to ensure that they don't get into the hands of an adversary which unfortunately we've seen happen more than once. Thirdly, I'd wanna look at a full review of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, Pfizer. I think there are a lot of issues there that we could explore. Everything from the use of foreign intelligence surveillance information in criminal prosecutions to the approvals for those authorities by courts, whether intelligence courts or traditional article three federal courts, your normal US district court to looking at the amicus program that operates under Pfizer. But I think there's just a lot of work around Pfizer for the board to do and that itself could be full time. I'd also wanna look at domestic terrorism issues. Typically the board in the past has spent almost all of its energy focused, if not all of it focused on foreign terrorism, yet we know that the number one threat to US persons is actually domestic terrorism. This has been the case for centuries. This isn't a new evolution. And in fact, every year it's a greater threat, but we don't spend a lot of time really looking at the privacy and civil liberties impacts around the domestic terrorism. And then I think probably finally, I'd wanna look at the sharing of national security information with non-national security agencies, such as immigration and customs enforcement. Really beginning to think about the extent to which national security authorities are being used for non-national security purposes. And I think that's an important task for us to take because more and more government databases are being created that are intended to integrate, consolidate information from a lot of sources. And once they're in there, they're very hard to get out. It's sticky data once it's in there. And so I think it's important for us to get a greater understanding of a lot of these intelligent sharing authorities and tools that are being used. Well, that is certainly a worthwhile and very expansive list of projects. I will just take moderator's privilege and say perhaps that is an argument for more resources for the privacy and civil liberties oversight board. So I'll piggyback that comment to the next question and say given the privacy and civil liberties concerns that spring from law enforcement use of new and emerging technologies, one example, you've talked about a number of examples, facial recognition, other biometric technologies, big data analytics, you mentioned sting rays in a counter-terrorism or terrorism-focused context. But could you see an important role for the PECOB to play beyond the specific frame of privacy and civil liberties in the context of protecting our nation from terrorism? And I guess what I'm asking is, should Congress expand the PECOB's jurisdiction to oversee and address privacy and civil liberties concerns that reach beyond the nation's counter-terrorism efforts? Well, look, far be it for me to decide for Congress what the jurisdiction of our agency should be. That's a question for Congress and they regularly consider it. In my view, privacy and civil liberties concerns have only increased over the last decade or two decades. And those concerns about government or even corporate surveillance are such that there needs to be some agency that is looking into those issues. One easy example of that is everything that's happening right now in COVID-19 in the pandemic. We have a lot of debate right now about contact tracing and a lot of debate about what authorities are needed for public health agencies to collect data about each of us, not only to help find a vaccine, but also to be able to go back and contact individuals that someone who's infected may have been in touch with the prior 14 days. There are a lot of expansive authorities that are being used by government agencies because we are in a pandemic, quarantine, for example. You know, I mean, imagine the impact of a quarantine on privacy and civil liberties. Yet we don't actually have an agency in the federal government that's tasked with looking at the privacy and civil liberties impacts of all the activities around the pandemic. What agency is going to look at that, for example? And we don't have agencies that are devoted towards looking at the privacy independently, looking at the privacy and civil liberties impacts of the general activities of the federal Bureau of Investigation, for example. So at least in my view, I think it's high time for the United States to have two things. One is, you know, a basic federal privacy legislation we need it. And number two is, you know, an agency or more, or two, you know, choose the number of agencies that are committed to the task of protecting the privacy and civil liberties of the US public. And that may be in the corporate, but it also, frankly, should be in government and making sure that there is some independent check out there on the expansive use of surveillance authorities, whether or not they involve terrorism. So switching gears a bit. As we mentioned at the beginning, in addition to your role as a Peacob board member, you're a partner at the Cooley law firm with a very interesting privacy and cybersecurity practice. And of course, as a practicing lawyer, everything you do in that role is not public. And in addition, due to obligations to your clients, there are limitations on what you can discuss publicly. However, there are two interesting cases involving the computer fraud and abuse act that you've been litigating that have received some press coverage. And to my knowledge, these are the first two cases of their kind. So the first case that I'm gonna refer to is the Broidy case, where on behalf of Mr. Broidy, you sued the country of Qatar and a number of individuals for their role in hacking and leaking Mr. Broidy's email. And as one news outlet reported, quote, this is a case about a hostile intelligence operation undertaken by a foreign nation against American citizens who have spoken out against that country's support for terrorism and who have entered into significant business relationships relating to defense and counter-terrorism with a rival nation. The other case involves a lawsuit by WhatsApp against the NSO group and Israeli based spyware firm alleging that NSO's Pegasus spyware was, among other things, used to hack phone systems of 1,400 users between April 2019 and May 2019. There are very interesting aspects of both of these cases, but let me ask you, because these cases illustrate how foreign governments are increasingly attacking individuals, hacking their phones, networks, what do you think we should do about this problem? There is no doubt that numerous nation-states are targeting U.S. persons and corporations in hacking campaigns. Not only are they, sometimes they are doing this to gain access to embarrassing information about an individual and then to release it. Other times they're using it to gain access to the intellectual property of a company which they will exploit either by giving it to a competitor or releasing it. Other times they are seeking access to engage in a disinformation campaign. All the while, no matter how much a company or individual invests in cybersecurity protections and safeguards, many of these nation-states have almost unlimited resources and ability to continue to target that entity. Even when you have the best security, they are likely at some point to find a way in. That way in may not be through the CEO. That way in may be through the CEO's executive assistant or the SISOs, spouse may be a way in there. These are sophisticated campaigns that are being engaged in against Americans. And when these are brought to the attention of law enforcement, they're limited in what they can do. Yes, it's possible to indict a Chinese person or two or three, all right? And someday those people may be brought to justice. But today that's not gonna stop that company that's been impacted by this from having a lot of trouble as a result of the hack. And unfortunately, litigation too only has its limitations due to a law called the Foreign Immunity Act, a different, the acronyms are all that say the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act, which essentially gives any foreign government immunity from litigation in the United States with a couple of exceptions. It is now time for the United States to really rethink the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act and to rethink the extent to which it ought to be used as a defense by foreign nation states that hack US civilians and US corporations. And unless the government really steps up to protect us, we are all limited in our ability to do that. There has been some legislative movement on the hill looking at this particular issue in Washington, DC. I'm hopeful that Congress will be able to address this issue because it's not just that the privacy of US persons is being put in jeopardy, but there are hundreds of millions, if not billions of dollars that are also being put in jeopardy as a result of the ability of foreign nation states, rogue nations, as well to target US persons and companies for cyber attacks. That is a, this is a complicated problem to solve. And I imagine in addition to what you have mentioned, we're going to have to consider how this reflects, of course, on US policy as well and how we engage and use our capabilities with respect to other people and other foreign nations. So I will not elaborate beyond that, but I want to very much thank you for your time and giving us some deeper insight into the work of the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board. Hope to continue this conversation with you in person, maybe in Vegas next year. So please be well. Thank you so much, Stephanie. It was great to see you, a wonderful conversation and I too hope we can continue this conversation next year in Vegas. Take care.


The taming of the Kamikaze drone. Ukrainian border guard downs three Russian birds. The border guard of Ukraine with an alias Brees on the Zaporizhia front has installed a camera on an anti drone gun and filmed the Downing of three Russian drones. The state border guard service of Ukraine announced this on the website and on social media. Russian FPV drones have once again attacked our positions on the Zaporizhia front. This time, a border guard with an alias Brees intercepted them in advance by organizing a mobile ambush. The hunting was more than successful. The deadly birds exploded before reaching the positions of the border guards. State border guard service of Ukraine said the drone itself cannot be seen in the video shot with a GoPro camera due to the mist, but its detonation can be heard. Recently, Ukrainian border guards hit a Russian truck with a Kamikaze drone on the Kupiansk axis. Artem Lysohor, head of the Luhansk Regional Military Administration, said this. In the Kupiansk sector, our border guards hit an enemy truck with a Kamikaze drone, he added. The occupier's truck brought engineering equipment, which they planned to use to equip their positions, the border guards said.


So in this video I'm going to show you how to crush your pediatrics rotation with eight count of eight resources that help you not only do well on the rotation but get honors in the process. I'm going to share those resources with you after this intro. All right guys what is going on? Luxury from the MD journey helping you succeed on your medical journey with less stress. If you're new to this channel welcome. I have been helping both med students, pre-meds, high school students, you name it on their medical journey via productivity tips, how to study things on doing rotations, just crushing the whole process through both my successes and my failures. So if that sounds exciting to you go ahead and join the community by subscribing and if you enjoyed this video give it a like. Now before we get to our eight resources I want to quickly mention that if you enjoy this video and you want to learn how to take your rotations your clinical year to the next level I encourage you to check out my newest project the clinical guide where I'll link it down in the description. Currently it's in the process of being created and so I'm giving you the opportunity to help me in return for first access and being able to kind of craft what finally goes into the final project and final result. So again the link will be in the description for the clinical guide I'll put a presumptive kind of image of the book right now but there's more to come and more bonuses and free trainings for those of you guys that sign up in the email down below. But now let's go ahead and get into the resources. I'm going to give you the books I'm going to give you the guides and the resources and just kind of where to go to help you crush your rotation and to make it a little bit more interesting I'm going to give each resource a grade so you can kind of see at least in my own opinion what I think of the value of each resource and who I think it's going to be working the best for so we're going to get into it let's get into resource number one that has to be you world if you know med school and you know especially studying free rotations you world is like the king of kings you have to do your world to help yourself get the best shelf exam score possible because those questions are golden for the pediatric rotation there's about 400 practice questions and so what I will say is that pediatrics is my first rotation ever and so the questions were great because it gave me a lot of exposure to the length of the questions the timings I needed to do and a lot of different variety of diseases that I would cover so you world was great in that sense what I will say is that you world is probably not all inclusive in terms of you can't probably get away we're just doing you well you may be able to do it and do maybe two cycles and be okay but to actually get everything down the pediatric rotation does cover a lot I would encourage one of these other resources later on and for that reason because it's not the only resource you can use to do really well on your pediatric rotation at least I think you probably need another one I'm just going to give it an A next resource however I'm going to give an A plus because I really do think it made the difference of me getting a near honors or high pass to actually getting honors on the rotation and that resource is pre-test so pre-test gets an A plus if you're unfamiliar pre-test is a company of review guides which basically is just a Q&A format book of like 500 plus maybe even a thousand questions but I think it's closer to 500 and it's broken down by topic so you'll have one with developmental disorders you'll have one with cardiology issues and pediatric population and we'll just do questions from them the questions will be high yield but you also have some questions that are kind of like WTF like where did that come from and not all of them are useful but there are going to be some questions that you will just won't cover and it's good for you to get that practice and get that exposure I really do think it made the difference I would just kind of covering the basis that maybe you will didn't for me so pre-test is great there are about I would say 500 questions but you can do the 400-year-old questions in about a couple of weeks if you do like 10 to 20 questions a day it gives you enough time to start pre-test or maybe you can do pre-test when you're on the rotation and just do them when you have some downtime and then do a year old when you go home you can do them at the same time you don't have to get through the entire book but the more practice the better so pre-test for me at least gets a plus so now getting into resource number three and quickly all the resources I'm going to mention in this video are going to be linked down in the description so don't feel like you have to take notes those will be nicely linked down for you in case you're interested or you just want to get some more reviews from people other than me but resource number three is BRSPD atrix this is like the creme of what resources people use for their rotation it's like the go-to text unfortunately it's 600 pages it's right 600 pages and so because this is my first rotation 600 pages didn't seem like a big deal and so I went for it and I made this my resource of my choice and honestly it's actually quite good I would basically say it's like the first day the equivalent of for your pediatrics rotation but again it's 600 pages and trying to do that with a busy rotation which pediatrics can be it's tricky so has a lot of info probably more than you need but if you are somebody that needs that would all inclusive text this is probably where you should go but for me because I know not all students like to read 600 pages especially for like a six to eight week rotation I'm going to give it a minus so BRSPD atrix great resource I use that help me do really well on the rotation but then again it is a heavy read so take that for what it's worth but that one gets an A minus from me now let's get back to giving some A pluses one of my favorite resources for my rotations you guys probably know if you've seen more of my videos is online meted OME and since this is my first rotation I heard about OME from my upperclassman who basically said they did not want to spend time reading long text like a BRSPD or doing a lot of you old questions all they did was watch the OME videos from dr. Williams read the notes and that's it and somehow they also did really well so I found the videos to be super helpful again pediatrics is a rotation that is just so much different I would say that in surgery and maybe like psychiatry are going to be those rotations that are really just out there everything else kind of looks and feels similar so maybe opi guy too so check out OME again I talk about a lot in my videos I will link down the description to a full review that I did of the resource you can also see how it improved my step two score by 25 plus points so if you're interested in checking out OME the link will be description for the review if you're interested in trying it out then there will be a nice link as well that will give you a discount of 80 off on an annual subscription just use code OME 18 and if it changes let me know and I'll go ahead and update in the comment section whatever it may be but OME all inclusive has videos has notes has flashcards has practice questions everything you'll probably need for your pediatric rotation in terms of high yield you should go there first I at least recommend that you have this as a supplement to your study if you do you well on top of it or if you're reading a text such as brs or doing pretest questions it's totally fine but OME just makes life so much easier because everything is in one place so if you're feeling lazy you can just watch a video and say you're studying for the day is done go take a nap so that is my next resource OME definitely gets a plus in my book so now we're on our latter half of our resources I'm going to give you two more resources to help you do well on the rotation get honors but then two more resources they're kind of fun and also are going to make your rotation much easier so let's get into resource number five which are the MBME practice exams I mentioned this is most likely all my videos talking about resources but if this is anywhere close to your first rotation even as if it isn't your pediatric rotation I have to keep saying this is so much different the test questions really seem like they're off the wall and very uh not high yield and so you have to be ready to basically face anything because you probably haven't spent enough time studying pediatrics as a first or second year meds dude so you have to try to cover a lot of material in a short amount of time so check you know check out the MBME practice exams I would recommend doing all of them so set up your study schedule in a backwards fashion where you give yourself enough time during those last couple weeks to do them all and that way you also can allocate time and know how many pages you have to read of your BRS or your old questions but I love doing those MBME practice tests because again being my first rotation I was really able to see what the quality of the questions were and sometimes if you're lucky one of those questions do end up showing on your real thing which makes the confidence a little bit easier so check out the MBME practice exams if you're interested now going into my last resource to kind of help you on your rotation this is also a big fan favorite of students who love resources that are short and it can give them the information they need this is case files for your pediatrics rotation again link will be in the description below um basically if you are new to case files they're broken in well you guessed it cases and so they'll be anywhere from 50 to 60 cases per book um and each case represents a very like common disease that you're expected to see on the rotation and then giving you some questions and guidelines on how you would approach it so it's a nice basically you know diagnosis by diagnosis basis um it works really well in fact to actually use case file for one of my rotations and I break it down in the link description below where I give you my step by step on how I study for my rotations and I use case files example in that guide so that guy's in the the link in the description below if you're interested on how to study what I will say for the pediatrics rotation however is that case files at least for me my first rotation didn't feel like enough sometimes the questions don't always pertain to the cases in terms of very direct so it feels a little bit of a disconnect you feel like you're missing out at least I did as I got through more and more rotations I did feel a little bit more comfortable using case files maybe just become a little bit more adept and those holes are filled through other rotations where you just kind of know that information so give case files a shot especially because this is a much shorter kind of book than BRS you can use case files and then supplement it with you all then even pre-test because you'll have more time to do it so I still recommend case files for any of you guys I like that format works really wonders and again if you want to see how I use case files to study my rotations links in the description below but now let's get to two resources that are actually fun but they make a huge difference on your rotation one not as fun but it's kind of cool to have is basically a badge with pediatrics vital ranges so I'll link it right here but pediatrics obviously will have many different things and one of them is that they will likely have a different heart rate and different blood pressure different temperatures that are abnormal and whatnot respiratory rates and so based off of the weight and the age of your child you should at least know what's normal and what's abnormal so this is a perfect kind of card to point through you can just add it with your badge I have it and I still have it and you can just refer to when you need to see if your patient's vitals are just kind of off the charts or if they're considered normal I think it was like two bucks on Amazon I still highly recommend that you guys check that out I don't even know if it's there anymore and then getting to my last resource I loved having a bunch of these I kind of got crazy on how much I spent but you need at least if you want to be a fan favorite of your patients have stickers in particular try to go for whatever is kind of big in the pediatrics world so for me it was minions back then it's probably still minions right now Marvel works really well for the gents you know princesses and frozen seems to always be a hit with the lady patients and so give that a shot with your kiddos you know it makes it much easier when they see somebody gives them a sticker and they can trust you it's hard to get that trust on the pediatrics rotation so stickers goes a long way guys those are my eight resources on how to just crush your rotation obviously your shelf exam but then also how to get honors and how to kind of make your patient experience a little bit easier if you did enjoy it I want you to give me one comment what is one resource you're kind of planning on using based off this video or if you're done with your pediatric rotation what is one resource to use that maybe I didn't include or that I did include but you really enjoyed as well comment below with your feedback I love to hear what you guys think now we talked a lot about resources are you interested in just kind of tips in general pediatrics heck are you even more interested on how to do better on all your rotations throughout all your clinical rotations getting honors you know making step two a little bit easier and finding that balance you know you want your third year to be something you enjoy not just something you try to survive through because this is going to be your future after all if that sounds like something you want to have more information about again I recommend you check out the clinical guide which is a project I'm working on to try to give you as much advice and one little kind of guide which you can use to just crush your rotations but I don't want it to just be tips for me based off of what I think you want I want you to also include the questions you have for me so I can include those tips and make it more personal so if you add your name to the link in the description down below you're going to be added to an email list where I'm going to give you info on the book and the guide you're going to get updates on kind of things such as like book covers outlines you're going to have to be able to help me on information but you're also going to be added for obviously be first in line when it goes live but to you know you're going to be getting some free training from me on how to crush it in your clinical rotation and give you a nine step process on doing that that sounds exciting add your link to that description but I'm not going to talk about that anymore we're going to wrap up this video quick thing as always make sure you subscribe to the channel my goal for the year is 25 000 subscribers um I will try to add this progress bar um going to recording this videos in advance I'm not sure if I'll be able to do the editing magic so if you keep saying that that's why but I'm trying to reach 25 000 subscribers and I'm currently at about 1200 1300 subscribers a long way to go whether I get there or not that's okay but it's the process of making the goal and trying to do everything in my power to achieve it part of it is asking you to help me share the content via either liking the video adding your comments subscribing to the channel obviously and increasing that number or literally sharing it with maybe your classmates your facebook group filled with med students or pre-meds or a word of mouth anything helps but any engagement you give likes comments would just help this video get to uh in front of as many people as possible so help me on my journey and hopefully this video is a little bit helpful and I helped you on yours so again if you guys have any questions comment down below like this video subscribe to the channel as always and I will see you guys the next one take care guys


The great search brought to you by digikey and Ada fruit. This is the time of the week where lady issues you how to find the things You're looking for on digikey.com. What is a great search this week lady Ada? Okay for this week I was just chatting about how we're redoing a lot of our tft displays And we're adding any little connector that will make it easy to add a flex fpc To not require any soldering for attaching a tft display to a project or product and so on the computer I can go there. I designed this board that has The fpc connector here and then it connects to a raspberry pi header. You can just Plunk it onto a raspberry pi header. The ideal is would be fully assembled. No soldering is required And then you know you plug it on to a raspberry pi or actually any single board computer with that 2 by 20 header Almost all them now have the same standard header, which is like pretty sweet And then you would be able to plug in a tft display So like just less work less wiring effort and people are always kind of struggling with wiring This will make it so, you know, the flex sector goes in. You're good to go. So this Connector we use in a lot of our bonnets. So let's look at our bonnets. So for example This is a pack So this voice bonds example, so this bonnet what we do is we like to use a slim 2 by 20 connector on the back and The reason I like to use these slim style ones and their SMT is one if you're doing SMT, there's no hand soldering like it's even though these characters are like Kind of chunky and like hand placing limit, you know, sometimes it's required to come on tubes It's still a lot faster to place it and put it through the oven Then it is to hand solder 40 pins, especially if you don't have a selective solder machine So for you know, or even if you do, it's it's a very labor-intensive. It's a very messy process. So You know using these slim 2 by 20 headers is great Let's see if I can see another thing that's nice is that You can have these plated holes up top and then you can actually stick a stacking header through So something like this. It's this extra long stacking header. These pins go through the SMT header and through that holes like the SMT Legs go out so that these long legs can go through and means that you can stack multiple boards If you'd like as long as there's no pin incompatibilities or you can probe or you can attach other accessories. I think the The sense hat also did this if you look the sense hat Similarly has a 2 by 20 connector. What's interesting about how they did is actually they to save on Assembly costs this header here on the bottom actually is through hole and it sticks through and You can kind of see the little the little pads Here you can kind of see you can see the legs stick through and that's how it attaches It actually saved a little bit of money because they didn't do a double-sided process It's a one-side process SMT on the top and then just somebody Before they package it they stick a 2 by 20 Header through the pins go through the PCB through the header and make contact and some it's actually quite mechanically strong So it's another hack again to to save money You know a little bit less Assembly cost because a single anytime you do single-sided SMT is worth it only trade-off is you know SMT headers are gonna be more expensive than through whole headers they're not as common and Again, you know, you they're often don't come in a tape-and-reel You might be able to get them tape-and-reeled, but they often come tube or bulk because they're just so long So let's go to Did you key and Find this so I want to find header and You know, this is the closest image. I do like the new image search So it's a it's called a female receptacle rectangular connector Because I never quite remember the difference between like board to wire wire header connector rectangular I just type in header and then I just click on the image that and then I go. Yeah, that's right That's what they call these There's like a quarter million different items, but we're gonna we're gonna get through them very quickly So number one we only really want active or preliminary. So we're gonna select those and We only want to row Because we want the 2 by 20 connector So let's apply and that'll cut it in half. Great next step is the number of positions And we want 40 remember it's 2 by 20. So the number of positions total is 40 And then number of positions loaded is good to be all You're wondering like why would you have sometimes not It's actually not uncommon for there to be one pin missing because it's the key pin So like if you remember floppy drives, I think or like IDE drives, they had one pin that was like Filled in and that way you couldn't plug in the connector upside-down. So the only thing about I see connectors It's like it's kind of easy to flip them upside-down But we want all of the the connectors attached and then how we look in so yeah, these are looking pretty good These are all through a hole. So now oh, here's one SMT. So now we want to find Surface mount So we want surface mount not right angle. We want it to be pointing up And then the pitch that's important. So we want point one inch by point one inch So mating pitch is the pitch down the 20 connectors and the row pitch is the distance between sorry The row spacing is this is between but it's gonna be square point one inch by point one inch There's you already down to like only 500 options. So let's Let's take a look. All right, so yeah, they're looking pretty good So big low profile ultra low profile a Lot of good options here Okay, so the next app some of these you have board guides Next app. Let's only look at normally stocking. Although I will say actually that's not looking normally stocking Because actually there were a few things that were not normally stocking But maybe if the lead time is you always live with the lead time, it's worth it So the next thing is the height the insulation height So some of these are quite tall. They're the standard 7 millimeters high and remember we want to actually have it be slimmer So, um You know i'm not too picky about the height, but I definitely don't want it to be like the a and a half That normally is so i'm going to say, you know, maybe 5.2 or less height You know basically those those legs of the the stacking headers have to make it all the way through And then um, you know, let's say we're going to quote it at about 500 pieces And we're going to look at the options. So again, some of these are Um They're not available. They're not in stock, but the order looks expensive This one in particular was like it's kind of cheap and it actually looks pretty good um, but it's not in stock and it has the lead time of uh Four weeks, I think yeah So, you know the the question is You know what what's nice is that the price is low It's like, you know a dollar 28, which is a really good price for a 40 pin header But they're not gonna have it in stock right now. So this might be something where you're like, okay I'll I'll for when I go into manufacturing manufacturing I'll get this but for now there's um, this one actually came up in theirs It's not, you know, not too expensive. It's a couple dollars And um, it looks good. This one was uh Nice and slim and uh One thing I'll notice that you do watch out it has uh mounting nubs Let me see if I can You can see the mounting nubs here, um, so there's two mounting nubs which are actually Not like traditionally, you know, I I didn't normally used to have these on the headers, but um Now you see I have to make a little uh Yeah, it's a two millimeter hole and so you see that it actually affects the size of the um Annular ring around my through hole that would go through So instead of uh having it be like this nice chunky annular ring It's only a five millimeter annular ring, you know, it's a little bit close to the edge, but it's uh, it's okay I think it'll be fine, but um the mounting posts are good because um Especially if you're gonna have someone hand place these it just makes it so they don't skew, you know It's like once they sit in place. They're they're good to go So this one is actually pretty nice and you can tell it's definitely Um Hollow like you can see through it which is good. That means those long pins will Enter through and exit out the top So this is my pick The harwin m20 781 and it's in stock right now And that's just glenina Great search


Oleolithinolamide, OEA, a naturally occurring lipid, has been shown to have neuroprotective properties and ischemic stroke. This study investigates how OEA affects microglia, the immune cells of the brain, and their role in protecting neurons during stroke. It found that OEA induces microglia to switch from an inflammatory M1 phenotype to a protective M2 phenotype, which helps protect neurons from damage. Furthermore, it was discovered that this process involves the activation of paroxysone proliferator activated receptor alpha, PAR. This suggests that OEA could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent to treat stroke. This article was authored by Engley, Yenon Zhang, Qin Wang, and others.


When my brother Sidney was four years old, he was possessed by a demon. I wasn't even born yet, but I've heard the stories. The way my mom always told it, it all started when a friend of hers gave Sidney a stuffed rabbit named Mr. Jinkies. It had belonged to the woman since she herself was a child and was given to Sidney to help with nightmares he was having, as the same toy had helped the woman's night terrors when she was young as well. At first, Sidney had improved, but then my parents noticed that he was acting different. Anger and violence were part of it, but that wasn't the worst.   It only got worse over the next several years. I was born when Sidney was six, and I remember things when they were at their worst. Strange things would happen around the house.  The unspoken question was never whether Sidney had a hand in it, but whether he had physically killed the poor thing, or had it been done by the unseen creature that haunted his heart. For a long time we didn't have a name for that creature, as it wasn't until later we started to refer to it as Mr. Jinkies. This was partly because giving in a name would have meant acknowledging it was real. From that, Mr. Jinkies was the name of the stuffed rabbit, and for the first few years no one even made the connection between the toy and the entity that had taken hold of Sidney. The work friend that had given us the rabbit had left mom's office and moved away soon after we got Mr. Jinkies, but at the time no one realized that Sidney's on behavior and fixation on the toy was anything other than him acting up and loving Mr. Jinkies. And then one day the rabbit just disappeared. I was an infant at the time, but my father told me once that the strangest thing about it going missing was that Sidney didn't seem to care. He had been inseparable from that thing since he first had gotten it, but when it was gone my brother didn't miss a beat. It wasn't until later that we understood that was because the real Mr. Jinkies had never left. I never knew my brother when he wasn't possessed, so at first it didn't seem strange what he would say cruel things to me or hurt me when no one was around. As I got older and saw how other children were, how other siblings treated each other, I realized my mistake. I told our parents and they were probably upset, but I can't say that they were entirely surprised. They had already figured out something was deeply wrong with Sidney by that point and if they weren't ready to say words like spirit or demon yet, they should have known well enough to watch him closely around his little brother. Still, if I hated them a little for their past willing blindness, I was relieved when his treatment of me became the breaking point. Before my outcry, Sidney had occasionally gone to child psychologists and medical doctors, but our parents had largely tried to handle his condition on their own. Looking back at it now that I'm older, I realized that this mainly consisted of them lying to each other, trading reassurances that this was all just a phase Sidney was going through. But when they found out he had been hurting me, they sent him for in-house psychological evaluation and treatment. This was when I was about five and the more obvious strange things hadn't really started yet. But even if they had, my parents wouldn't have told the doctors about it. It was a double edged shame, you see, a shame to have a child that was under the influence of some unseen and human thing and a shame to believe that something so foolish as that could be true.  My door was locked and there was a door wedge tight against the bottom. My parents' door was the same, Sidney's was similar except his locked and wedged from the outside. I used to lay in bed at night when I was a little boy, afraid to go to sleep because I didn't want to be taken by Sidney or the thing that lived behind his eyes. I knew he should be secure in his own room, the door was heavy and solid and there was chicken wire over the nailed down windows but it didn't matter, I didn't think he necessarily needed to leave his room to hurt us, I could feel him, feel it on the other side of the house. It was thinking about us, sending out tendrils to poison us and weaken us all while smiling that terrible knowing smile and week after month after year, it was working. He grew weak from the constant exhaustion of being watchful, of being worried and afraid, that's how it wins you see, by being patient. It chips at you and chips at you, digging away at the walls of your sanity and your soul with a tiny little spoon like in those prison escape movies where they tunnel out of their cell and Mr. Jinkies was trying to get in, not out, but the reasoning was the same. Just dig away a little at a time and no one will notice until it's too late. I grew into a frightened distrustful boy that was prone to anxiety and emotional outburst. My father became increasingly short tempered and would fly into terrible rages for no apparent reason, my mom took to over medicating and crying almost daily.  By the time I turned 7 and Sydney was 13, it had become clear that our house was not really ours anymore. We were seeing and hearing things, finding objects moved around and living with a constant feeling that something was present that hated us and meant us harm. All of these things were frightening and not just because of the events themselves but because of the message they were meant to send. Mr. Jinkies was in control now and the time for hiding was over. You may be questioning why it took so long for our family to realize the depth of the problems we were facing. You have to understand that these kinds of things, they don't happen quickly.  Except that's not quite right because Mr. Jinkies wasn't a virus, it was a parasite draining all the love and goodness from Sidney and replacing it with something dark and filthy corrupting him and poisoning us all. One day my parents found where Sidney was preparing for some kind of, well ritual I guess, they would never say what exactly they found only that it was in the back of the old backyard work shed and it was terrible and we never knew what the ritual was for. They couldn't even say for sure that it hadn't already been completed. Sidney was questioned about it of course, but he just smirked and acted ignorant. When he was younger he would cry and act confused about how he was being treated, always the prime suspect when something went wrong and always locked away in his room at night.  Still, his expression changed that evening when there was a knock on the door. The thin-faced man introduced himself as Christopher Darrow, a former priest. He said he now helped families in need of parapsychological counseling and assistance in some forms of what he called spiritual warfare. He had a severe look about him, but he spoke with the kind of refined intelligence and authority that wasn't unkind. It was also clear from the beginning that my parents were desperate enough to take any help someone offered, particularly from someone that would actually believe what was going on. There was still the sticking point of how Darrow knew to come there however. That, he explained, was because he had contracts at several occult shops across the state. Sidney had apparently gone into a local one a few days ago when he was supposed to be in school. The shop owner had alerted Darrow about the visit immediately, both because of the dangerousness of the item Sidney had been inquiring about, and the shop owner's intuition that the boy before him was infested by something unnatural. Darrow was standing in our front hall by this point, and I was already seeing our parents' shoulders slump with relief. They were satisfied with the explanation and were more than willing to have him come examine Sidney. My brother was locked up in his room at this point, and mom stayed with me as our father took the man upstairs. It wasn't long before I heard Sidney start to screech and yell, and in less than an hour, it was done. My father was pale and clearly shaken by the experience, but he also seemed convinced that Darrow had expelled whatever was living in my brother for good. Darrow cautioned that it would be a slow process of recovery and that we would need to be patient with Sidney, but that we should see no farther problems of the spiritual variety out of the boy. And just like that, the man was gone again. It all happened so fast, and it wasn't until a few hours had passed that our parents started questioning the strangeness of the entire encounter, and honestly, they never questioned it too much, mainly because the man seemed to have worked a miracle. Sidney was still odd acting for the next few days, but more because he just seemed subdued and traumatized. By the end of the month, he was like a different person. He was being nice to me, getting along with our parents, and not getting into trouble at school. By the time he was 14, the locks had come off our bedroom doors and our house felt like a home again. In the 10 years since, Sidney's completed high school and college with good grades. He's already been accepted into a philosophy graduate program that starts next spring. He was going to start this past fall, but then mom suddenly got sick. We were thinking she was going to get over it. She had started feeling and looking better, but then one day I came home from school to find out she had died 30 minutes before, when Sidney was alone with her. I remember the summer I spent with my uncle when I was 10. Things were good at home by then, but I still enjoyed being out in the world and away from all the memories our house held for a few days or weeks when I got the chance. My uncle's place was entirely different than anything I'd ever known, a remote farm surrounded by woods. It was peaceful and beautiful, free of fear or worry. I used to spend hours walking in the nearby woods, and one day when I came back to the house, my uncle stopped me as I was walking in. I had a tick on my neck. I think my uncle expected I was going to be upset about it, but I had been through much worse than getting bit by a bug. Still, he cautioned me not to move as he got ready to remove it with a pair of needle-nose pliers. The trick, he said, was to make sure you got the whole thing when you pulled it. If you didn't get close enough to the skin, you could pull off the body of the tick and leave the head. That, he said, could lead to an infection down the line. Almost as though he was disappointed I wasn't more squeamish about it. He went on, his mouth twitching with a barely suppressed mischievous grin. He told me he had even heard stories of the tick surviving without its body. Sometimes, he said, the tick head would just keep on living and drinking from its victim. Even at ten, I knew he was choking, but I always remembered the story. I think even then, I knew he was unintentionally teaching me something important. Everyone thinks that Sidney is fine. Our father will hear no bad words spoken about him. When I asked why Sidney was with Mom when she died, our father told me he had allowed it. That Sidney said he had something important to tell her, and that he had been right outside the door the entire time my brother was in there with her. That there wasn't anything mysterious or sinister about her death, she had just been sicker than anyone realized. When I subtly asked Sidney's friends how he'd been acting lately, they act like I'm the weird one. They say he's been the same as always. I tried talking to his girlfriend about it, and at first, she just looked confused. Then I kept pressing, feeling sure she must have seen some sign of his wrongness. She started shaking her head and stood up to walk away. She said I was making her uncomfortable. I wanted to shout at her, to tell her that she should be uncomfortable because she was with a monster. But I held my tongue and told her I was sorry that it was all just a bad joke on my part. But of course, it's not a joke. Mr. Jinkies is still in my brother, and just like always, whatever that Dero man did, at most he weakened it.  So this morning, I killed Sidney. It wasn't difficult. He had always pretended to love me and trust me since he was cured, and when I said I wanted to go out to our uncle's farm, he acted happy to come with me. It was our farm now, anyway. Our uncle had died at the end of that same summer, where he told me about the tickhead, and while we didn't get out there often, I still tried to go out to those woods every month or two. I waited, until we were near the edge of a tall cliff far back in the woods, one with a small but fast river rushing past some 40 feet below. I struck him from behind with a rock, hoping the force of it would send him forward and off the edge. Instead, he wheeled backwards before falling down in the grass.  He looked around, confusedly, his right eye nearly black from its enlarged iris, while his left eye fought to focus in on me. I thought he might curse me or try to attack, but instead he just sat there holding his head and crying. You, you have, I have to fight it, Brian. I know it's in you. I've suspected it for a long time. Just don't let it trick you. I was approaching him as he spoke, the sharp rock raised above my head, seeming to understand that his words were having no effect. He stopped and lowered his eyes. Please, just don't hurt anyone else. After I was done, I threw him off the cliff and into the water below. As I suspected, the current quickly carried him down a river into a series of sharp rocks that would help conceal his initial injuries. My story would be that we had taken separate paths while walking, and when I couldn't find him after some time, I started searching for him. I'd been careful not to get any blood on me, and the rock was disposed of far away so there's nothing to tie me to his death when they eventually find his body. Besides, I doubted anyone was going to look into it that far anyway. He was a troubled boy after all. Sure, he'd had a few good years, but who knew what demons he still harbored. Maybe he had committed suicide, or maybe it was a tragic accident, but one thing was certain, his good younger brother would never have hurt him. Everyone knows what a good and caring guy I am. Always honest and thoughtful. Ever in trouble? Graduating valedictorian in the fall. I have a sterling reputation. I've made sure of it. The only sad thing is that no one will appreciate the sacrifice I had to make in killing my own brother. They'll never know the evil that I've purged from this world by doing what they were too weak or selfish to do. They'll never realize I'm a hero. But I guess that's okay. I didn't do it for the glory. And who knows, it may not be the last time I get to do something brave.  I understand most people would think I murdered my brother rather than saving him in the world from a terrible monster. Those people can't accept a world that bleeds outside the mundane boundaries of their own narrow view of things. They don't have the courage to see me as I am yet. But that's alright. I'm very patient.