In this lecture, I will be calculating the neutrons scattering cross sections using Fermi Golden Rule. We discussed about, I introduced you to neutrons in the previous lecture. I mentioned all the properties, the desirable properties of neutrons that can be used for studying condensed matter structure and dynamics and I also showed you the various experimental facilities like reactors and spallation neutron sources that are being used but today I will give you the theoretical background of neutron scattering cross sections for neutrons using Fermi Golden Rule. So the basic concept of this that the sample is acting as a perturbation with its potential there are atoms molecules inside the sample and each of them do a perturbation for the incident neutron wave and sense it in some direction so either with the same energy or with change energy so it can be d sigma by d omega when it is elastic when it is elastic scattering or when it is inelastic that means there is an energy transfer then it will be d2 sigma d omega d inelastic scattering so this will encompass all sorts of scattering so fundamental premises are that we have a sample in which we have atoms molecules all microscopic units that comprise the sample and we have an incident neutron of energy EI and wave vector Ki the sample part of this wave and sense it in a direction which is defined by the final wave vector Kf and if it is inelastic then there is a different energy otherwise it will be the same energy so then that case in case of elastic scattering the magnitude of Ki and Kf will be same but only directions are different so this is the case of diffraction I let you mention it at the beginning because when we ring in the formalism of Fermi Golden Rule then I will use this elastic scattering but it is equally true for inelastic scattering which will be later so new direction new energy or new direction Ki is equal to Kf and the wave vector transfer is given by as I written here it is Ki minus Kf if I miss the vector sign then please excuse me sometimes I tend to miss while writing but they are all vectors basically these two they are vectors because they define the direction of the incoming neutron and the direction of the outgoing neutron and the Q is the momentum vector mode it's called a wave vector transfer often we also say momentum but it is not momentum h cross Q is the momentum transfer and Q for an elastic experiment if the scattering angle is 2 theta if the scattering angle is 2 theta then Q is given by 4 pi by lambda sin theta that the magnitude of Q for an elastic scattering in case of diffraction so diffraction is signified that the length of the momentum or the wave vector remains same and the Q value is given by 4 pi by lambda sin theta when 2 theta 2 theta is the angle of scattering so with this let me take you to the formalism so now in general expression what we are trying to define is let me just draw it for you so in the three-dimensional space let us call it the this is the direction of K prime K prime let us say K prime K prime the neutron comes in some direction K and then it is scattered in a direction so in this direction I can define a solid angle and we know that solid angle will be given by the component here so here if it is theta then this is sin theta this is this is cos theta this is sin theta and this angle is given by d phi d phi then the solid angle is given by sin theta d theta d phi and normally the nomenclature is d omega and what we are trying to evaluate is number of neutrals scattered per unit solid angle in the direction omega so this is d sigma by d omega that is what we will try to evaluate in our formalism the first this is the target this is the solid angle and we assume that we have put a detector here in our theoretical approach it is elastic so I am doing for elastic neutrals scattering so K and K prime only differ in direction their magnitude is the same and then if n is the incident number of neutrons per second then n d sigma d omega multiplied by d omega gives me the number of neutrons per second coming into the detector but the solid angle is given by sin theta d theta d phi now let me go to Fermi golden rule Fermi golden rule is about going from a straight psi K under the perturbation by the potential vr to a state psi K prime and then this is probability amplitude square of that will give me probability and then this is the density of states at K prime at energy e usually if it is in elastic then this e will differ but here e is same for the incident and the outgoing neutron and this gives me the probability of transition now let me just show you that for neutrons we do a box normalization you must be familiar with box normalization normalization because it is a plane wave we take and the plane wave it doesn't decay anywhere so we consider the plane wave is limited within a box of side l l so in that case the wave function psi K it's a plane wave function so with normalization component 1 by l to the power 3 by 2 normal textbook thing I write it psi K is e to the power ik dot r is a plane wave and the normalization component is l to the power 3 by 2 because we force the neutron to be inside a box of size l and then of course we can make l go to infinity so similarly psi K prime sorry here it should be psi K r and psi K prime r should be similarly 1 upon l to the power 3 by 2 e to the power ik prime r this is the plane wave that is coming in and the plane wave that is going out as I showed in this the plane wave which is coming in and the plane wave that is going out going out and then the these are the plane waves and if I often use size complex conjugate then it remains same only this I goes to minus side so this is the expression of the neutron wave coming in neutron wave going out and then in between I squeeze the potential V of r which is the interaction potential between the neutron and the target nuclei let us say number of arrangement of nuclei so this is the incoming neutron wave function and I showed you the psi K prime psi K prime r is also e to the 1 upon l to the power 3 by 2 e to the power ik prime dot r and this density of states I will evaluate for you so rho K prime at energy e is nothing but d 3 k I write it as d 3 k upon d e what is it d 3 k because I am trying to evaluate the density of states that means the number of states that are available at energy e here e is same at wave vector k prime so that is given by rho k prime e which is a density of state density of states it basically the probability depends on two things one that the probability amplitude quantum mechanically going from psi k to psi k prime under the action of potential and there should be a room for the neutron which is dictated by this density of states d 3 k is a small volume in k space just like real space it is k square d k and d omega is the direction which I described you earlier e is equal to h square k square by 2 m so d e will be equal to h square k by m and given 1 by d I have to put d here so it will be m by h square k so now I just substitute these two here so d 3 k by d e is given and also we have this d omega here so d 3 k is equal to sorry d 3 k absorbs d omega is equal to k square d k d omega and this is h square by k by m so it will be m by h square k d e this is expression for d 3 k by d omega so this goes to m k by h square d k by d e into d omega so this is m cross k by 12 k square and then sorry for the here and d omega now the question is that h square d omega what are the number of states here inside the box so now if the size is l then we know in one dimension there is one allowed k value in twice pi by l size now because it is a three dimensional box so I will have a small volume in k space which is twice pi by l cube which gives me one more so now in d 3 by d k d omega d 3 by d e d omega what I wrote here d 3 by d gives me the number of available numbers of k values that is given by the density and this volume so which is m k by h cross square which I found just now and how many number of allowed k values are there so this is the basic volume so that I have to multiply by density which is density will be 1 upon this so which is l cube upon twice pi whole cube so now I have this expression and this is the rho k prime e which I calculated just now this is the density and d 3 k by d gives me m k upon h square d omega d omega is the solid angle so now here if I put in 2 pi by h cross and now the wave function psi k psi k is given by 1 upon l to the power 3 by 2 to the power ik dot r and psi k star k prime star r is equal to 1 upon l to the power 3 by 2 to the power minus i k prime dot r so here then I have when I input this over here psi k prime vr psi k what I have got here is 1 by l to the power 3 by 2 into 1 by l to the power 3 by 2 then there is an integral of e to the power integral of e to the power minus i k prime dot r e to the power ik dot r and in between vr then d 3 r and then there will be this is the square of the whole thing square of the whole thing so I will get l cube here and this integral which I can also write e to the power minus i k prime dot r vr e to the power i k dot r which I can write in a bracket notation as this this this d 3 r is this is d 3 r dr so volume integral and I can write it in a bracket notation so now I have got l by 2 pi whole cube into 1 by l cube mk by h cross square then I have got k prime vk and square of that for my k to k prime the probability of transition from k to k prime so this will cancel now I have got and then when I talk about number of neutrons going in solid angle d omega d sigma this will be scaled with respect to the flux so then so here please note that this will be given by w k k prime divided by incident flux and p is equal to h cross k gives me incident flux is h cross k upon m square so now the number of neutrons going in solid angle d omega the number is d sigma is given by w k k prime divided by the incident flux and then excuse me so gives me so d sigma is given by m by inputting all those things twice by h cross square whole square into k prime vk in bracket notation square of that which I wrote there so this pre-factor and this so this is the expression and d sigma by d omega is m by twice pi h cross square whole square into k prime vk into square of that but this we can write in terms of a scattering amplitude this is scattering intensity per unit solid angle but we can write them in terms of a scattering amplitude defined as m by twice pi h cross square k prime vrk just not the square there and d sigma by d omega is given by square of fk k prime which is the this is the scattering amplitude so far I have not talked about the potential but I have reached a formal expression for d sigma by d omega where fk k prime k prime is given k prime vk which is nothing but the integral of e to the power minus i k prime dot r v of r then e to the power ik dot r these are the neutron wave functions this is the part having potential integrated over the entire space that is integrated over the entire sample gives me this so with this I have reached an expression for number of scattered neutrons per unit solid angle in a certain direction this is what I have reached so far now let me introduce the potential of interaction that is very important because without that we cannot go any further so now here that term comes from is pseudo potential why pseudo because the here I am considering the neutron and the nucleus interaction so these are strong interaction attractive interaction that is why potential will is deep it is extremely narrow why extremely narrow there is nothing like qualitative expression of extremely narrow what I mean is that the neutron wavelength neutron wavelength the thermal neutron wavelength wavelength is around angstrom it can be one angstrom it can be five angstrom it can be point one angstrom it is one angstrom but the extent of the nuclear potential is in femtometers which is around 10 to the power minus five angstrom now now I can say that this potential is infinitely narrow for this neutron of wavelength one angstrom and then I can represent the nuclear potential as a delta function so that is what form we did and that is why this is named after pharmaceutical as pharmaceutical potential so here so if you remember I had an expression before the scattering amplitude m by twice by h square so to offset that I will introduce this constant twice by h square by m so that they cancel with each other and it's a constant term I can do it but I also have a scattering amplitude b sigma and then the for one single scatter sitting at point r is a delta function so this is delta r minus r so this is the expression for the Fermi pseudo potential for a single scatter so now this scattering length is spin dependent and isopdependent because this is signifying this scattering amplitude signifies the interaction between a neutron and the nucleus so it is that's why it is it depends on the spin of the neutron and the spin of the nuclear protein I mean the nucleus and its orientation with respect to the neutron spin and that also depends on the isotope because the nuclear spin changes with isotope so it is isotope dependent spin dependent but one thing is there this is this so this now you can see if I write e to the power minus i q k prime dot r delta r because if there is only one nucleus I can prove it at origin so I can even write a delta delta r e to the power i k dot r d 3 r and then b sigma so this term gives me 1 because r equal to 0 and this is 1 so this gives me b sigma so d sigma by d and the constant factor m by twice pi h square square cancels with twice pi h square by m so d sigma by d omega is my b square and sigma is equal to 4 pi b square is my scattering scattering cross section cross section for a single scatter single scatter and then you can see that if I consider it classically it should have been pi b square but here because it is on solid angles it is 4 pi b square this is just a classical picture of what do we mean by scattering cross section in the beam path you have a disk of size b and then it is given pi b square the area of the disk here it is 4 pi b square for a single scatter but now let us take an assembly of scatters and what happens then so let us consider rigid lattice rigid lattice means I have taken out the dynamics from the lattice so it is a lattice at 0 degree kelvin 0 kelvin and there is no dynamics and the atoms are fixed at the sides so just now I said that for a single atom it is delta r minus r but now my atoms are fixed at this sides a general side I can call it a left side and then the potential is a sum of these delta functions and each side has got a scattering length of b l because I have not said what is the spin or what is the isotope at that side so in general it is a side dependent scattering length b l and delta r minus r l so this gives the sum over all the sides gives me the potential offered by the sample to the neutron in this neutron scattering experiment and now let me show you that now I wrote f k k prime equal to minus m by twice pi h cross square k prime v r k and d sigma by d omega is given by this and f k k prime is defined as this so now let me do this summation now v l is nothing but sum of delta functions so now earlier I put the one single scatter at the origin now I can do that so now my k prime v k is equal to e to the power i k prime dot r minus because this is complex conjugate bra and k this is complex conjugate and this is the wave function k prime minus i k prime dot r their vectors sorry again then there is a sum over l delta r minus r l because I have to add up over all the sides in the lattice that is sum them over l then e to the power i k dot r and then integral over d 3 l so this I can write as e to the power i k minus k prime dot r delta r minus r l d 3 r and I take the summation now summation over l and this is nothing but the wave vector transfer q so this is equal to sum over l e to the power i q dot now this r goes to rl rl summation over l and then sorry I forgot to put the bl over here the bl has to be there that is the most important term so bl summation over l so there is bl so this is bl so now my scattering amplitude if k k prime is sum over l bl e to the power i q dot rl so this is my scattering amplitude and this is the k prime v k


This one together Let's leave this open for a little bit chest hair. Hello everyone Glad you tuned in for episode six in this video I will show you how to shoot powerful b-roll footage now when it comes to shooting videos It's important to shoot extra footage that you can add to your story to make the video look more engaging by just adding B-roll footage you can make your videos so much more professional b-roll is used as a Secondary footage that goes on top of the primary a footage that helps enhance the story so to give you in a go To give you an example and make this tutorial more engaging Me and my girlfriend are now going on a trip to the Swiss Lake called the Client taller Lake And I'm gonna take you with me. Let me pack my camera quick So we're here at the Client taller Lake. I decided to come here because it's beautiful. I mean look at this place The mountains and the clouds and the Blue Lake. What else do you want? Come join me guys? Come come I don't want to do this video. I just want to chill here and Just enjoy the sun But YouTube is more important. That's why I want to show you how I do my b-roll shots All right, try planning your shots in advance If you know the location and the story you want to tell try finding what shots you need to help Tell the story so in this example, my story is about me and my girlfriend taking a trip to the Client taller Lake So I needed b-roll shots of me and my girlfriend Packing our stuff heading towards the car driving off and arriving to this spot right here In other words, I transitioned from a a roll shot Which is me talking in my studio to a b-roll shot heading towards this lake here do some Location scouting look for interesting spots and plan the shots you want to get ahead of time Aha, make sure it matches Make sure your b-roll matches with what you are talking about It makes no sense to talk about the beautiful lake and show a smelly sock That isn't even relevant to the video get a lot of angles try getting a variety of Shots of the subject from different angles shoot wide shoot medium shoot close-ups to have more options in post Trust me overshoot It's best to overshoot than having not enough b-roll footage often you end up needing more than you thought you would So keep that record button on Keep that keep that camera roll in it's really fun to get creative with your b-roll shots The key to b-roll is shooting a lot of footage that helps to tell the story Don't be lazy give yourself some time and think of interesting ways to capture the image that gives your story more pep All right guys enough of this video I will enjoy my stay here, and I will see you the next time if you haven't subscribed to my channel Please do so this will help me grow this channel even more All right, so enough of the talking. I don't want to talk with you anymore. I don't like this. Oh My god. All right. See you the next time guys. I Need fire


Hi everyone, I'm Grady Butch. I'm sorry, you go first. Yes, hello Grady, hello everybody. Let me just notify here the folks in the world that they can tune in to the video, to the parcel media. It's audio, it's on now, I hope you can hear us. Hello everyone, welcome to the 11.30 planning session of the Open Simulator Community Conference 2013. As a reminder to our in-world and web audiences, you can view the full conference schedule on our website at conference.opensimulator.org and you can post your questions in local chat on new stream chat or tweet your comments using the hashtag OSCC13. Although it's not guaranteed that Grady will pay any attention to what you are all chatting over here. So it is my pleasure to introduce Grady Butch. Grady is a chief scientist in software engineering in IBM Research. He is best known for developing the unified modeling language, UML, with Ivor Jacobson and James Rambo. He is recognized internationally for his innovative work in software architecture, software engineering and collaborative development environments. He was, and I believe he still is, a champion for these kinds of environments within IBM and beyond. Grady earned his bachelor's degree from the United States Air Force Academy and a master's degree in electrical engineering from the University of California in Santa Barbara. He served as chief scientist of Rational Software Corporation since its founding in 1981 and through its acquisition by IBM in 2003 where he kept working until now. In 1995 he was named a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. He is an IBM Fellow and was recognized as an IEEE Fellow in 2010. So thank you Grady for coming here, talk to us and take it away. Thanks very much for having me.  And what I'd like to do in the next hour or less than we have here today is to tell you about my journey into this virtual life. And it would be interesting to get in dialogue with some of you as well to understand your journey through this life. I have done, gosh, I don't know, probably 30 or 40 lectures and presentations, mostly in second life, a few in OpenSim. But this is a very natural thing for me as you'll see here in a bit. Doing these kinds of things in world is almost as natural as doing it in the flesh for the reasons that we'll talk about in a moment. I am deeply influenced by the ideas of Joseph Campbell, the late and great mythologist. Dr. Campbell spent his lifetime trying to understand the stories that we told ourselves and the stories that transcended cultures. His classic book, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, was actually the basis for a lot of great other storytelling. George Lucas was heavily influenced by his ideas. And the hero's journey that Campbell speaks about is one that we see repeated over and over again, not just in the literature and in movies and TVs, but it's interesting to parallel one's life in that way. One of the things that Campbell said that really resonates with me is this notion that we live a world in which we put on masks. Now he's not a psychotherapist, he's a mythologist, so he's looking at this from the lens of how over time culture has expressed itself. And his observation is that with these masks, we still tend to have some common stories below the surface, and those masks are simply views into those worlds that we have. There's another way to look at it as well, and this is the work from Carl Jung and his ideas of the archetypes. Jung's notion is that there are indeed some common elements in each of the journeys that we have. And at one time or another, we all play different roles. There are roles of the explorer, there are roles of the gesture, the ruler, the sage, the magician. But collectively, you can see that each of us is in a way a composite, a delicious mixture of these kinds of different masks that we play on, that we put on. And we put these masks on at different times and in different places according to different circumstances. There's a delightful article that just came out this morning by Bruce Shiner, the delightful gentleman who speaks a lot about security and privacy issues. And he observed that the present generation, not me, but the generation or two after me, has come into the world in a very different way with regard to the expression of the masks they put on in the world. With Facebook, with Snapchat, with Instagram, etc. There is a different kind of sharing that goes on in that generation, the digital generation, the generation that was born not knowing the internet never existed. Very different kind of putting of those masks on. And if anything, we've seen this increasing dropping of our masks as we move into the social arena.  But if you contrast that with the average tween who's sharing or oversharing on the internet, very, very different world indeed. So let's talk about my masks as we begin this particular journey. I'll go to parties sometimes, and especially parties where people have no clue who I am, and the usual cocktail banter is. So what do you do? That's always a difficult question to answer. The first question, depending upon who I'm talking to, will be, oh, I'm into computers. The problem with that answer is if you talk to somebody who is utterly clueless about the computing world. They will say, oh, my son, nephew, uncle, whatever is into computers. They have a PC, and their job is to build websites for local businesses. And oh, by the way, just like they would ask a doctor, my PC has been running slow. Can you come over sometime and help me fix it? So the problem is that we find, when I say something like that, you get people's reactions who are like, all computing is the same. So somebody who puts up a simple website via GoDaddy is the same kind of computer person who helps design software for a satellite, or helps build something for some weapon system, or helps build some financial system. From one perspective, they view the stories to be all the same, and it's not quite exactly that. So sometimes I'll advance it by then saying, well, I do software to distinguish the software and hardware bits, but then that discussion will immediately go to say, oh, let's talk about this app and so. Do you build apps? Well, yeah, but not exactly.  Problem is, people have no clue what that is, so that doesn't go very far.  And unfortunately, the discussions will sometime go to, gosh, have you read 50 Shades of Grey or something like that? Well, I'm not exactly that kind of an author. If I really want to confuse people, I will put on the mask that I'm a free radical, because that, indeed, that's one of the titles on my business card, because then that helps explain to them that I'm a little bit of an out-of-the-box kind of guy. Problem with these roles is that all of these things are true. It is the case that I am into computers and software and a fellow and an author and a free radical, but none of them are really sufficient. So, another way, oh, somebody asked, what is an IBM Fellow? Well, I'll be happy to tell you. IBM is one of the first companies that's produced the Fellow's program of the, gosh, let me think. It started in 65 by Watson himself, and it was attempted to provide a path for the most senior technical executives within the company. Basically, there are two paths that you find in all organizations like that.  So, what do they promote you to? A manager, which is absolutely the wrong thing for a good technical person to do. So, there is a separate path, and therefore the Fellow is basically the equivalent of the CEO where the most technical senior technical people in the company. There are, I think, only about 150, 160 Fellows that have ever been appointed inside IBM through its history. Currently, there are under 50 of us who are still alive and active. The easiest way to become a Fellow is win a Nobel Prize. There's no Nobel Prize of software, so I just did it through my geeky stuff, and the CEO appointed me a Fellow in 2003. The great thing about being a Fellow is that pretty much I'm given the license to go do the things that I think are important for the company. And so, this gives me degrees of freedom to go do the technical things for the future. Basically, my job role is twofold as a Fellow, and this was told to me by the CEO, Grady, go off and invent the future. That's a pretty cool job. And the second is destroy bureaucracy, which is pretty fun, too, because IBM is a target-rich environment. So, if I go to the next level, you know, what do I do? Well, I can talk about the roles that I play. I'm chief scientist, which means I cover a whole bunch of different fields, and I kind of bring people together. I'm a software architect. I'm also a cognitive scientist. You'll hear more about this if you follow my Twitter stream, but basically I'm doing a lot of work in what happens beyond Watson. I also still code. I mostly work in Java and PHP and little bits of C++, but I do that as well. And I'm a researcher, which means I'm continually worrying about the future. So, that's kind of the things I do, some of the masks I do. But still, that's not enough. It's kind of the roles that I play. What are the things that I do that define me? Well, I mentor people. I'm a theorist. I'm a software archeologist. I'm on the board of the Computer History Museum, and my interest there is the preservation of classic software. I'm a mediator. I'm an historian. I'm a visionary. I'm all these kinds of things. But, you know, if you think about defining a life, that's still not exactly what I am. So, how about the jobs that I have done?  And, ooh, this slide's not coming up. I love it. Let's try to go back again. Well, I'm looking at a blank slide. Oh, there it is. I had a little latency. Sorry, I should have been faithful here. So, I could take a look at one of the jobs I've done. My very first job was to mow lawns. In fact, I did this, gosh, I don't know, starting 11, 12, and used all my money to buy the components so I could build my own computer. That was my first real job. I was a scooper of ice cream. My first job, for which I had to pay taxes, was at Baskin Robbins. I'm a singer by act of Congress. I am an officer and a gentleman. I graduated from the Air Force Academy in 1977. I'm a godfather and a husband. So, I'm all these kinds of things. But still, that's not quite it. Another way to look at my journey is, what's my, what are the ways that I go through life? Well, I'm a child at heart. I'm a warrior. I'm a leader. I'm a lover. I'm a believer, a philosopher. And the way I often describe myself is, I am an awestruck seeker, meaning that what really defines my life is trying to step back and just staggering awe of the amazing nature of life, and then also the nature of just the fact that we have the opportunity in this journey to do some amazing things. So, here's my conclusion on this. This is really a life of ends. None of us goes through our journey in life as living just one of these roles. Nor do we live these roles sequentially. But rather, we live a life that's defined by the role we play at the moment, but the collective result of living all of those things fully in the moment. And so, at any particular moment, you see the world through the lens of those particular masks we play, and we present ourselves to the world according to the masks we wear at that very moment. The interesting question for me, therefore, is what does this virtual role that I put on do to the lens in which I see the world, and what does this virtual world do to the lens in which others see me? So, let's talk a little bit about that virtual life and the journey that I ran through that. I'm unusual, like I think many of you, but if we compare ourselves to the rest of the world, we're a very unique bunch, those of us sitting in this room right now. For me, and I would imagine for many of you, my virtual life is not a mask, but rather it's one of a trinity of places where I wear my masks. Now, I'm going to expand upon this in a notion, but let me mention one thing in particular right now. There are some of you who I know spend a lot of time in second life, and many of you who are not here, but also spend time in second life, for which your second life is quite distinct from your real life, and so that's okay. We intentionally have different kinds of masks like that. So, I would observe that there are people, like you and I now, we can begin to divide the world in a couple of ways, and how does the joke go? There are one-zero kind of people in the world, those who get binary and those who don't. A little different kind of thing. There are some people who are comfortable in only one world. There are people who are at home in multiple worlds, meaning that I've seen people come into second life in other virtual worlds, and they just don't get it. They look at it as if it's this incredibly foreign kind of thing. IBM did an experiment some years ago in which we did a major conference entirely in second life, and it was a fascinating experience. This was a time where, for whatever reason, upper management said, oh, my God, we can't afford to do this conference anymore. And so, someone came up with the notion of being able to do this conference fully in world. This was the Academy of Technology Conference. So, as a fellow, I sort of see across all of IBM, but there's another tier of folks where we have an academy that people are nominated to, voted into. It's kind of like the Academy of Sciences, but it exists to allow us to cut across all divisional boundaries of the company and put people together in one room to have serendipitous connections. Well, for better or worse, one year, they decided we don't have the money to bring this together. I mean, it was a multimillion-dollar conference for IBM to do this thing internally. So, we had the idea to do this thing fully inside second life, and we spent a considerable amount of resources doing so. We had people who built enormous numbers of sims we probably at one time had, I think, three to five thousand people in second life for this particular conference. And as a long-time second lifer, it was interesting seeing the people struggle who were brand new to it and had never really thought about being projecting themselves into a virtual world. I think one of the reasons that contributed to IBM's pulling out of second life is that was an experiment that just did not go well. That I don't think we did a good enough job of setting the expectations of users, of telling them, really, educating them how to do it, but we kind of threw a bunch of people into it, and the reaction was negative. So, we didn't get them, didn't get their minds in the right place. And you could really see this bifurcation. There were some people at home in the physical world. There were some people who were really at home in the virtual world. And, you know, I would say it's probably a 60-40 split. There are 60% of the people in IBM who just didn't get it. There's another further division. For those who get virtual worlds, I find a further division in that there are some who use the virtual world as a canvas. It's a delightful place to be. It's another place to express themselves. They can build some wonderful things, but there's another group. And those are the people who really project themselves into the virtual world, and they become part of the canvas. I don't know how many of you fit into that category, because I've not interacted with some of you, but you know who you are.  You go into the second... You go into a world. Your screen's full now, and it is as if you are there. You feel things from the things you see in here. It is as if you are physically present within that room. It's a total projection. And there are some who get that. I am one of those. That I have visual reactions from being in second life, just as if it were real life. And even though I cannot touch or be touched, or taste or smell, all the other senses are active, and it's like I'm there. The day I get my oculus rift connected to some haptic interfaces, then by God I'm out of it for the real world, I think for a long time. There's this great series of books by an author named Grant Naylor. And it's actually not a guy, but it's two guys, Grant and Naylor. The first in the series, it's a British one. The first in the series is Better Than Life. And of course it comes from Redor. The second one is... I forgot the second one in the series. But the idea is, and if you learn the premise, is that there are some folks that are caught in a virtual world, and it is so real for them. In fact, it is better than life that they wish to not leave. Another lecture unto itself, but you know I think that we are on a path to that kind of world for reasons that we'll see here in a moment. So let's talk about some interesting parallels. I'm going to talk about a brief history of me grading the physical world. I'm going to give you a brief history of grading in the virtual world and we're going to see some interesting parallels. So this is me as a little baby. That's my mom holding me. I think it was a few months old at the time. And interesting culture. My mom was fully German. She was born raised in Germany during World War II. Married my dad after the war. That's me in my Cub Scout uniform. The lower picture in the lower right was me I think in high school. I actually have an interesting IBM experience I told you earlier about mowing lawns. In fact, the first computer I built was at age 12. That would have been 1967.  But I also then wanted to move from just hardware to software. So I remember knocking on the door of the local IBM sales office. I grew up in Amarillo, Texas. Nobody was going to hire a 12 year old. So I was going around trying to find somebody that would hire me. And I finally ended up at IBM and I said hey I've done some cool stuff but I want to learn how to program. And a sales guy took it upon himself to give me a Fortran manual and say go away kid. Go read this and come back when you figure it out. Well I came back two days later and had written some programs and kind of the rest is history. So IBM know what or not influenced my career. So as I moved forward in my career and this is again way before virtual world kind of stuff. I graduated from the Air Force Academy. That's me on the left. And as you can see I looked very different before my long hair. My wife ruined me of course. This is when I began to understand the notion of virtual stuff. Some of you may have heard of a system called Playto. Playto was just radically cool. It blew me away. Because here we were. This is in the early 70s early to mid 70s way before the internet became big and real. And Playto was a system built at I think the University of Illinois that was one of the first other kind of real time interactive systems. There was an awesome game in it. It was an aircraft game where you could pilot an aircraft and sort of go around the world and interact with people. And it was amazing because I remember conversations I had real time chats with people all over the world and Europe and across the US and it blew me away. It was an incredible experience because now here I had an experience that allowed me to interact with people in real ways and I began to project myself. I graduated from the academy and started a software business with a couple of my classmates from the academy and grew a beard because I didn't think I looked old enough and here we were selling this million dollar machine and I was this fresh face 20 year old right out of college and nobody believed me. So I started to look a little older and here I am still today. As my history progressed we built a machine, the R1000 I wrote a bunch of books and invented the UML, Yada Yada and here I am and virtual worlds are a part of what I do. I continue to to live and breathe in virtual worlds even though IBM is not there a great deal I do spend a bit of time there so let's talk about my virtual history and I'll tell you why I got here in a moment but let's talk about what that virtual life was. I managed to keep some pictures of me through my virtual life and oops I went too far I think. This is the right one. Here's why I got into my virtual world. I remember I'm going to talk about it now. During much of the middle 2000s I got pretty busy not dying. In second life you want to know who I am? I'm Aleem Theus A-L-E-M-T-H-E-A-S I have an avatar that's Grady and Grady Butch but I mostly spend my time as Aleem. So in 2004 by that time my dad had died of an aneurysm my uncle had died of an aneurysm and that summer my nephew died of an aneurysm he was just a delightful young man brilliant spiritual energetic and spent some time with him. The picture there is the two of us that you see when we took some time in the Colorado mountains but in the summer of 2004 Thomas died suddenly he was with his father we had been working out 30 minutes later he went down to go to sleep took a nap because he wasn't feeling well he did not wake up devastating for my sister and my brother-in-law but it turned out to be an aneurysm as well well my wife immediately took me to the doctor and I had a CT scan and sure enough I had an aneurysm as well the problem about aneurysms is that the major symptom of an aneurysm is death which is not extremely predictive you sort of die and it's like wow you had an aneurysm so we went on a journey to try to figure that out spent some time with the Mayo Clinic and they said yes indeed you have an aneurysm and basically you have a ticking time bomb inside you but there's something we can do at that time they didn't know it was really genetic it's clear that it is now so if you have somebody with an aneurysm in your life you ought to get yourself tested because it's a good chance that you're going to have some of those same genes as well but that was transformative for me in 2006 I underwent elective open heart surgery if you can think of such a thing with the intent of killing the aneurysm before it killed me and it was successful it took me about nine months of a physical recovery and probably about two or three years of a spiritual and emotional recovery this is the time I moved into second life IBM was just starting to get into it I had recovered had the surgery in the summer of 2006 I was mostly physically recovered by the end of that year and I wasn't traveling at all so I was trying to find some way that I could continue to interact with the world and still leverage the ability to to do so as I had done before and second life was the opportunity to do that so that's when I began my journey of my second life and this is a picture of my first avatar oh my gosh, was it clumsy looking this was in the earlier days of second life and they didn't have meshes they didn't have you know primes that were really fluid kinds of things and so this is as good as I could do very much a 2007 avatar pretty much the normal body but I built a beard and hair as best as I could and that's about as good as I could get well I eventually then got a few more you know a little bit more ability under my belt to be able to to model my own have a bit better I commissioned somebody to do my hair which is the hair I still have in second life and it moves and it's kind of cool the face wasn't quite right but good enough and this is the avatar that I use for the longest time we had to walk to school in the snow with no shoes well I remember the days when my god we only had ones and zeros and life was so hard that some days we didn't even have ones my god wasn't hard you young whippersnappers if you move to where I began doing my lecturing um this was one of the first builds that rational did rational did a conference it was I think one of the best conferences we did in which we actually did filming in second life it was this wonderful backstory about these superheroes that came together and we had sets for it and different characters it was awesomely cool I think this was a session in which I was was giving a lecture about this whole thing and preparation to it um so and this is me in that same avatar you saw there this is actually from a photo shoot we did in world for a series that went under the New York Times and a funny story I should tell you I presented these pictures to to folks and to put in the article and IBM's PR people said oh my god you can't do that because look at that woman in the front row she's showing too much skin and it's like oh my god it's an avatar for god's sake there's it's just bits get over at IBM well eventually they had me do some other stuff and I had to you know we had a different one but it was it was good enough and we got second life on the New York Times that was kind of cool um it was from that that meeting that I first began to to really develop some long term relationships with folks in in second life there IBMers that that I had I have never met to this day and I only know them through second life and we have you know long term a long term connection that's that's still very cool um this was sort of in the time of my more mature second life as I started spending time there I actually for a time had had regular office hours um this is part of the bill that I have a little seaside kind of thing and I would bring people to this to give mentoring I would do regular lectures I would have office hours so that because I was a remote worker people could always come there at a particular time and come meet with me and I would have people randomly come by and that was cool because it allowed me as a remote developer to to have office hours where I could have serendipitous connections my building skills got better eventually built built this classic kind of room and it really was the place that was home for me I mean frankly it was a place I would go away to it's like oh I'm living in this place where there's great I miss the rain or I miss the snow so I'd go put myself in the virtual world I'd leave it on a screen and I turn on the rain or the snow and I'd still work on my office so it would be as if I was there but so a pretty rich environment and you can see that there was quite the progression in my virtual life from just I'm playing with it to no it's really really part of my life however let me observe that this is not just the only aspect of my virtual life if we take a very broad view of what virtual is I realize that we create our own virtual spaces my first email address was in 1979 it was at the Air Force Academy it was still the ARPANET hadn't been pushed out before and I had an email address I think this is what it was because obviously I don't have it anymore didn't even have the dot to it I think at that time I remember this at that time we had a little book it was a mimeographed yes we had mimeographed back then a little book maybe 20-30 pages that listed everybody's email address in the entire world the internet was that small so I knew everybody's email address that was pretty cool and that was the beginning of that virtual life today I have six primary email addresses and God knows how many others I have accounts to 200 distinct sites I broadcast through a whole bunch of social media if you want to follow me go follow me on Twitter as Grady underscore butch that's where I primarily tweet I have one blog I do a regular column for I've tripled and I have seven known public profiles including one in Wikipedia so these are the lenses through which I project myself to the world but there are some other ways as well I also have a tremendous amount of virtual presence through video I use Skype regularly using it today and I also use Polycom quite a bit here's a screenshot from a conference that I was involved with just a few days ago and it was a conference involving people from I think we were in five different cities and you can see me in the upper right if you zoom into my avatar you will be amazed to see that my avatar looks very much like what I look in the real life I both here in open sim as well as second life I did a took some photos of me went through a service that did the skinning of it and so my avatar in world looks as close as I can to to what I look like in the real world so these kind of video conferences are very common to me it's what I do all the time I also do a lot of telepresence stuff we have at various IBM laboratories some beam robots and so from time to time if I can't fly out there but they really want me to be present then I'll show up in a beam robot and that's not quite as good as being there physically it's a little bit better than a video conference because I can turn and look at the person I'm talking to and this is yet another part of that visual experience because it gives me a way to interact and now people look at that robot as a proxy for me why do I do all this well I forgot to mention that I live in Maui and so I'm actually doing this conference right now from my office that overlooks the beach I'm sitting here in a swimsuit for goodness sakes and this is the view that I have so my virtual life is a classic example of how I can live in a world that is surrounded by physical presence this is my view this is how I live I don't have a commute because I walk from my bedroom to my office and so it is understandable why I leverage these virtual techniques because they allow me to project myself in ways that I never could have before and that's pretty amazing now that's my journey it's a unique one and it's one for which the virtual world is as natural to me as putting on my clothes here because it allows me to project in ways that I could not have done so before so I make the premise that we are moving to a state of the world where you and I as pioneers in this space are going to be moving into a world that is increasingly like the world I just described now this is a lecture unto itself I want to make sure there's some time to talk about this but I did a study some years ago not some years about four or five years ago in which I tried to project out what the state of the world might be looking at a variety of sources pinging my colleagues inside IBM I asked myself the question what's the world going to look like in 2031 and I'm going to touch upon a few of those because they directly impact our virtual world if you extrapolate from current population trends a number of folks suggest that we are going to hit a peak population global population maybe just somewhere under 9 billion people why do we think we are not going to peak much more than that why do we think we are not going to hit 10 billion well you will find that the third world countries the birth rate still is decreasing it's dampening a little bit in industrialized countries birth rate is actually declining and as countries move from third world, second world, first world there seems to be this natural break upon population and extrapolation leads us to there actually there is a global decline in fertility rates and there is a beginning to global population decline in developing nations this is especially interesting with regards to what is happening in Japan you point out the issues of water as well too that is absolutely a limiting factor and the issues of food the phenomena that is happening in Japan is particularly interesting because here you have a society that is actually declining in size of native Japanese the skewing of the population of the elderly is absolutely enormous and so there are more people who are elderly and fewer people to be able to take care of them you add to this an interesting cultural aspect of Shintoism where Shintoism projects onto the culture that inanimate objects may indeed have a spirit to them and so as a spirit it is not unusual it is highly accepted in Japanese culture to have robots that are viewed as real kinds of things you add this to the population factors and you are finding the growth of experimentation in robotics because these kinds of things are being viewed as aids to the elderly and I think we are going to see that more and more as we find a population that has been born digital projecting itself into this we are moving into worlds where we are living in these thousand mile cities the increase of the urban centers the decline of the rural centers and that is putting us more in concentration with one another and in some degrees because of energy costs less and less travel we are becoming in some ways a less mobile society so it was alluded to earlier about the issues of resources a significant portion of the world is chronically short of fresh water the hubert peak that some believe to be true and one of them suggests that we have now passed global oil production some fisheries have collapsed some have been saved and air pollution plagues a number of cities so we are in in considerable stress from an individual perspective we are also seeing changes in that there is this shift from mass marketing to micro marketing the advent of 3D printers the advent of immersive things like this the advent of facebook and twitter and the like are leading to this fragmentation of marketplaces but it is also leading to the rise of pervasive personal assistance this is indeed a lot of the work I'm doing with inside IBM these days you've all probably heard of Watson the system we built that played jeopardy and beat every human Watson was pretty cool but we see a path that can do even more and frankly I'll declare it now we believe we have a path of systems that could pass the Turing test and what would that mean to build an automated system that could be indeed a companion an avatar and a health mate and clearly with the increased loss of privacy we all find desires to find those places we can call our own that for me is a push toward more of these virtual spaces now a little bit of a plug here these ideas are coming together for me in some very real ways and as a fellow as I mentioned I have the degrees of freedom to go off and do some cool things I wanted to express to you where the next part of my story is many of you probably saw Carl Sagan's Cosmos and of course there's a new version of that coming out Seth McFarland bankrolled a new generation of Cosmos it should be out in the fall of 2014 appears to have the same kind of structure as the Sagan one but I think it's great because here we have a whole new generation and I think will be inspired by this it occurred to me that in the computing world we have just as equally interesting a story a story that is as wonderful as the story of the awe of the universe as the way I put it the story of computing is the story of humanity and it's a story that's full of ambition and invention creativity drama you know all these kinds of things that's the story of computing as well so a few years ago as I was recovering again from my aneurysm and my open heart surgery my wife and I decided to go on another journey I had been in conversation with the CEO of the computer history museum he knew of my virtual work he knew of the stuff I was doing in IBM and I said to him John you just landed about a 10 million dollar deal with Bill Gates to help fund parts of the museum what are you going to do next and he said well John why don't you do because knowing he had been at PBS he said John why don't you do a series about computing that's just like Sagan's cosmos and he stopped and said you know Grady that's a great idea why don't you be our Sagan gave me pause I'm no Carl Sagan but it intrigued me and led me to say you know this is a great idea so starting in 2000 gosh would have been five six years ago whatever that relates to be my wife and I decided to do just that so we began a journey to build a transmedia documentary which we call computing the human experience and you can go to our website computingthehumanexperience.com and follow what we're doing but basically we have pitched to PBS a multi part series about computing and the human experience and the confluence between those two how do those two relate to one another and what's the difference between the two of them we call it transmedia because we're presenting this story through traditional broadcast indeed in the in April of this year we developed a teaser along with KQED the PBS station in the bay area they commissioned the development of a teaser which we took out to corporate PBS in April and we pitched the series to them and their reaction was this is exactly the series to which we aspire so now we're on the journey to find the producer and the director to actually develop the full five or six episodes we have in mind. At the same time we have a book series with O'Reilly if you're interested if you have something in mind there on the confluence of computing the human experience reach out to us we're developing some ebooks and some apps we have a YouTube channel we're developing a curriculum as well too so be patient this is still a few years out I don't have a bank I don't have a patron like Seth McFarland so we're in the process of raising about five million to do so but we will do this we have a lot of folks behind us to make this happen but that's our journey a piece of the story I want to say now is the piece of the virtual world we have an episode in which we will be dealing with this virtual world and what it means if you talk to the vast public this is stuff of science fiction but for you and I who are here this is real and it's going to be the future if you go to computingthehumanexperience.com you will see a set of things that include our lectures and those lectures there are two of them on there right now one is about war and computing the woven on the loom of sorrow there's another one that deals with I think therefore I am and let me actually skip on to another one it talks about both virtual worlds and robotics and frankly it relates to some of the things that Turing said I'm deeply influenced by Alan Turing Sly hasn't read from me but it's the one that says in which Alan Turing observed that he believes a computer would deserve to be called intelligent if we could deceive a human into believing it was human so that's the notion of the Turing test you know I think we should we should try something that's not quite that expansive you know let's try something that's a very you know simple intelligent not that smart at all you know someone like I don't know Sarah Palin let's set our bar really low so that's my recommendation to start there which tells you of course my political view of the world so let's let me offer you some parting thoughts and we'll have a little time to Q&A here I alluded to this notion of a trinity and I really only talked to you about two of them one was my virtual world and second life and an open sim the other is my physical world the third world is this increasing view of me as a robot I'm actually increasingly using this telepresence robot so now I have three ways in which I present myself to the world in the flesh as a robotic avatar as an avatar in second life for those of you who recognize it yeah this is kind of the present the premise of of Caprica and Battlestar Galactica in which there was this sort of three this trinity of living and I'm I'm kind of living that and it really works for me it's pretty amazing this is not the singularity I respect Dr. Kurzweil I think he's got some interesting ideas I think the whole idea of the singularity as a particular point in time is absolutely batshit crazy because as Rodney Brooks said we're not going to know there's a singularity because we're going to be so much of a part of it the eye can't see itself in a way we are moving this direction but it's not going to be a singularity I think as Ray described it's going to be something that I think is even more more amazing than what what Ray can imagine so I'm going to leave you with two parting questions the first is what masks do you wear here in this virtual world and that's one of the masks you know so what other masks might you have and then the last question I want to leave you and this is the question I leave whenever I give these kind of lectures to the general public you know look the path we're on is inevitable it is irreversible and the consequences of it are going to be utterly astonishing just we can't calculate what those changes will be and so the question we have to ask ourselves is simply what kind of life do you want to live and what does it mean to be a human how do we live as a human we have a choice we have a greater choice than we ever could have imagined and indeed with virtual worlds especially and as you saw in my particular life I have a reach to across the globe and I never have to get out of my swimsuit and that's pretty freaking cool so well thank you for giving me the opportunity to chat with you guys I probably have 10-ish minutes or so how do we do this you want to type me some questions you want to throw things at me what do you want to do yes thank you very much thank you very much Grady that was just absolutely inspiring I think everybody is super happy that I gave this talk so we have time for some questions feel free to pick them up as they're being beamed at you I just want to remind everyone that there is going to be the next session is full of sessions there will be 6 parallel sessions going on in about 10 minutes or so so feel free to throw questions at Grady and he will be kind enough to answer them it's fun to be here thank you all applause applause I tell Google what Google tells me to do yes what worries me about our future that's a great one let me ponder that my first reaction to that question and that genre of questions is that I have great faith in the human spirit I see naysayers naysayers who speak gloom and doom and they raise their hands and wring their hands we've made it through some amazing times we look at the worries about us we look at the changes about us go look at what happened in the year 2000 when frankly the apocalyptic talk was even greater look at the time of being a peasant in the middle ages life pretty much sucked so I have great confidence in the ability of the human spirit to adapt and change and grow in ways that we can never anticipate and furthermore to focus upon the negative will never allow me to appreciate the moment and contribute to making changes so very little keeps me awake at night because I have great hope for the future let's look at some other questions here um yeah you can find me, follow me on twitter grady underscore a butch um IBM as a singing computer, yes IBM does if you go to the computer history museum there's a reconstruction of the IBM 1401 and it the way that people used to system admins used to do it is they put an am radio right by the computer because you could tell when it actually doing different kind of things it was pretty cool my bouncers and handlers are telling me we probably need to leave the room in just a few minutes because I guess someone else is coming here so maybe a couple more questions and then I'll have to dash I'm trying to find the picture of my uh of my uh a view here it's a glorious day here in Maui it's 920 in Maui and once we leave here I'm going to have I read jaren's book absolutely I've read his book I've never met the man I think he's an interesting fellow um I think he has a little bit more negative take upon the future than I do um so you know find a forum where he and I can be in a panel together and I'd love to I'd love to uh to chat with him further about that that would be fun to do we'll try to do it next year that would be cool get me in a room with uh with rey as well too that would be fun oh right yes rey is a great idea for future conferences just keep me away from sharp objects with him though I respect rey he and I have vastly different senses of opinion though okay maybe one more question anybody else last chance I do visit our website you'll find that I'm exquisitely approachable I pretty much write answer everybody's email so yeah get Sarah Palin now I I'd prefer we get somebody intelligent on the panel uh do I think that virtual disconnects us from the real well I have to have to attend to your questions premise which is the virtual is not real and for me virtual is just as real as atoms are so it disconnects me from a life of atoms but that is not necessarily disconnect me from the human experience almost there someone on Twitter was offended at the stab at Tara Sarah well sorry about that yeah that that happens I respect and appreciate what miss Palin has done for the great state of of Alaska but I won't go any further oh yeah Sarah Sarah complain all right so do you want to close this up here thank you I will thank you very much greaty you don't need to rush because all the other six parallel sessions are actually in different so I can stay I can stay here and chat oh cool you can stay here and chat and the audience if you want to hang out and chat with greaty feel free to do so we are going to officially close it because the streaming team needs to take care of other things but thank you very much greaty great thank you so I'll drop off of Skype but I'll stay here in world and I can type with folks excellent great thank you thanks for having me


So I don't know how many of you have seen Hocus Pocus 2. It's now streaming on Disney Plus not an ad by the way and It was okay. I think that the first Hocus Pocus is better. I mean you just you can never Do better than the classic, you know sequels are never gonna have as much Love as the originals.  I thought it was cute It's nice to see the original Sanderson sisters back bet middler Sarah Jessica Parker The nun from sister acts is that the same lady? I'm not really sure. I don't know her name But I love them all really really fun either way This lady right here has some thoughts about Hocus Pocus and her thoughts are if you watch it Then you're inviting Satan into your home. So let's see what she has to say a worst-case scenario is that you unleash hell Okay, excuse me.   I just I can't be that mean to you. But yeah, they do look stereotypically Christian This man has a very aggressively Christian face Does he not like he's one of those folks that stands at colleges and he hands you those little mini Bibles He's one of those people you can tell she doesn't go to the college But she definitely believes everything that he tells her But I just I have to say off the bat and again, I paused it like two seconds in and I'm already talking We'll get to it. Okay, but These children she has no idea how much they're going to grow up and hate her guts For her religious views and his religious views and I'll share my personal story here in a moment But let's let's let her talk and I'll try not to pause it, but it's a it's gonna be very tough Gooch family farms in Troy. I Love and everything to do with house and home. I believe everything starts here this time of year fall harvest is heavily celebrated Me the thought of exposing our kids to darkness Gooch says There's Oh my god, she's crying at the thought of her kids watching hocus pocus, too I want to honestly go to the highest cliff I could find and jump off of it and in Minecraft I can't take it. I can't take these people.  I'm not buying from them I don't want to know what they uh, they're offering America and Hollywood is part of the problem and right now one film in particular The whole movie is based on which is harvesting children for blood sacrifices in a recent facebook post I was a little bit scared when I hit post because I was afraid of the reaction that I would get Gooch advises moms against letting their kids watch hocus pocus, too I believe whatever comes in our tv screens. There are things attached to that I've seen for myself the things that I've watched with my eyes or heard over a tv screen They become manifested in in real life everybody like what? Like if I watch a movie where there is a wealthy person Will money fall through the television if you watch a movie where somebody is getting laid Will ask manifest in your living room Like what she's really referring to here is spiritual warfare. So I'm being facetious obviously Where um, there's this christian belief that what you allow on your television It's essentially a portal that's inviting things into your home. So like when I was young for example I wasn't allowed to watch harry potter because to watch harry potter Would be inviting witchcraft into our home, which is effectively the devil But little did I know back then it would be inviting Turfs into our home, which is even worse than the devil But I'll I'll let her continue I think it's fake and innocent But they could be casting any type of spell that they want to anything could be coming through that tv screen into your home We have to steal their souls She says most of the feedback is when she says that we have to steal their soul She thinks that they're literally sucking your soul Through the tv she's like And then your soul's gone It's like the soul eater and god of war where once it has your soul. That's it. There's no afterlife. No heaven.  Okay. Yeah sucking the gooches From the television screen good one up live vegan Absolutely This gooch doesn't want to get sucked through the television screen. I'm we have to stop.  Why can't she just have a normal name like smith?  How do you feel?  It's all a good fun. It has been and always has been then the post was not for you But isn't the same thing true? She's on the television screen right now By watching her are we inviting Jesus into our homes? Does it work the opposite way as well? Perhaps she does believe that I don't really know This was for people that have been on the fence on on the decisions they need to make for their family While gooch's opinion may not be the most fun. She says if putting it out there changes even one person's mind It was worth it. I think at the end of the day. I want people to walk away with discernment If you you're watching this just start thinking start thinking for yourself and even overthink And consider all the options of what you're partaking in in troy rissa. Shaw news 10 Okay chat doesn't believe me. This is a real news report. So this is Not the onion by the way. This is ksla news 12 um and It's totally believable because again, there are people like this There are people like this american jesus loves the gooch's absolutely You know gooch is really spreading The good gospel here. I just i'm so sorry for her that her name is gooch I don't want to go too hard on her but listen if you don't think that people like this exist They do Okay, and at the beginning of this segment. I said that her kids are going to grow up to hate her Well, that's because I was one of those kids right my parents weren't as strict as the church was But there were individuals who would guilt trip my parents if they didn't take away what they perceived Were evil things and my co-host just left. So let me go ahead and switch to solo cam But anyways members of the church for example, they would always harass my parents Because they let me play video games and I didn't even play violent video games. I would play You know really in innocent games like mario brothers But I wasn't allowed to play mario brothers because there were ghosts in mario brothers and ghosts are bad Because apparently they defy the word of god I don't remember the specific logic but Ghosts didn't exist because god had a plan for those souls. So they wouldn't just linger They would either go to heaven or hell Um, so because there were ghosts in mario. That was bad. Remember animal crossing completely innocent game Well, there was a fortune teller in that so I um I didn't necessarily get guilt tripped by my parents But at that time I was thoroughly brainwashed and I saw the fortune teller and I thought god damn it I can't play this uh banjo kazooie Couldn't play that Um, that was evil my pastor. He wrote this whole I guess op-ed for the church newspaper explaining how evil pokemon was and that um, there was this story of um, I should move this so i'm not going to get copyright claims by disney But um, there's this story of a kid who saw pokemon the movie in theaters And when there was red eyes on the screen from like mu2 or something the kid fell into a trance thus proving How evil it was now.  They're not gonna like the gooch Because she is in a recent faith.  You're just supposed to Have fun right play video games But these evangelicals they get to a point where they're so silly that every little aspect of your life has to be hyper analyzed But they never applied that same standard to themselves, right? So the church really liked to police What uh, the boys did right because boys were more evil. They played video games whereas girls were more innocent They liked disney, um, although now they probably said disney is evil but I remember really pushing back because Um, I couldn't play with anything Any video game that had a witch or any wizard bullshit in it But there were a lot of disney movies that were accepted at the church where there were witches in it snow white is an example And I pushed back saying well, huckum The witch in my video game is bad. I think it was like banjo kazooie that I was referring to gruntilda How come gruntilda is evil? But the witch in snow white That's fine And the answer was something to the effect of yeah, well, it's you know Good versus evil the story is glorifying god. It's so it's always some bullshit But it's like well the same is true with you know banjo kazooie good versus evil, right?   So I kind of felt like this weirdo, right?  It's not just my parents like I was brainwashed, too But the difference was that I was a child so I don't blame myself I don't feel embarrassment or shame because of what I did When I was younger Because you know, you just kind of do what your kids or what your excuse me what your parents want you to do So I just thought well fuck.   Well this one It has a witch and like I remember explaining animal crossing. I'm like, okay So there's a fortune teller in it and that's definitely evil. I know that's evil But the game doesn't force you to go see the fortune teller So if I just want to build my town and fish and make friends I can just do that without going to the fortune teller and I remember the 700 club Person telling me as a 12 year old knowing this was a kid that called in saying Well, what does the bible say? And I'm like, uh, I don't know as a little prepute messing kid. He's like open up Ephesians 12 or I don't remember the verse but like he told me to open up the bible So I opened up the bible and it's something about um, witchcraft.   I called the prayer line.  Okay the reason why I don't hold a grudge against my parents is because I was able to Convince them Well convince my mom at least that religion is bullshit and get my you know dad to essentially Move away from some of these more extremist elements of the religion, right?  I couldn't celebrate halloween because that was evil. You're letting the devil into your life And I remember when I lost halloween as a kid another thing.  So I called and I ordered the book and I got the free book I don't think I still have it but yeah Uh, why do we need organized religion in modern society? Look at the harm that it's being done to families and kids with religion Yeah, I'd argue that you don't and if you are just religious and you don't force it on your kids I think that that's totally different Right, my friend she grew up and went to the same church as my parents But her mom didn't force things on her as bad As badly as it was forced on me. So You know, it's not it's not as big of an issue for her But yeah for me every element of my life everything that I liked was hyperanalyzed And I ended up giving away like most of the things that I owned just because it was bad I it even got so bad to the point where Um any music that wasn't christian music I had to get rid of and you know when you're like a Young teenager. I was like maybe 12 or 13 music was really like my thing. I loved music I was really getting into it because you know teenager. They love music And I I got rid of all of my CDs that were not christian all I could have were christian CDs because if it doesn't glorify god, then there's no point in its existence and and like long story short I'm droning on here. It was miserable. I look back at my um family's religious streak as the worst time in my life Traumatized me to no end and getting out of that.  I see a playstation Excuse me. I thought that all every single game essentially was bad So when you begin to see how hypocritical they are That's when you know it all kind of falls apart. So yeah, I um That's my thoughts. That's why I'm such a staunch anti-theist if you wonder why I express such like strong hatred of christianity That's why it's because it ruined Like half of my childhood


I'm really honoured to have you here and I think that it's a really important point to say you're my second guest on this incredible yinya mara and how do you actually feel now that you've just landed in Canberra and you've come from Sydney but you actually live in Darwin? I'm tired but I'm really excited because I haven't been in Canberra for many years but I have a lot of childhood memories here so I feel really lucky to be here especially during all the COVID times as well so being able to travel here is very special. Yeah it's exciting so really Darwin is home for a lot of reasons isn't it? Yes. It's your country? Yes so I'm a Larakia woman a Dungalaba woman which Dungalaba is salt water crocodile and so I'm from the Ghulambringan tribe and the whole area of Darwin and the greater region of Darwin is my country as well as the Tiwi Islands and out to Wadaire which is west of the Northern Territory and even east in the Northern Territory in Nuka so yeah a lot of family and a lot of cultural connections to a lot of places but Darwin is my main home at the moment it's my grandmother's country. Your grandmother's country but you've got a really important role model in your life with your dad? Yes so that's my dad's mother is my grandmother and yeah my dad is a very important person in my life and has I was just FaceTiming him before this interview and we actually watched the Lydia Thorpe interview together back at our family home in Larakia country so that's all very full circle but yeah my dad is very important to me. That's great and what's that feeling of when you're actually on your own country how do you think that really makes especially young people feel empowered for example? Yeah I have often thought about how to explain the importance of country especially to non-indigenous people because I don't think we actually have words in English dictionary that explain how it feels to be on our country so but it is the feeling of being hugged by a loved one or complete peace or when you had a really good sleep or when you experience pure joy all of those things are what I feel when I'm on my country even on the worst days even when things are really heavy and when life in the colony is really hard me being on my country there's this little flame of I guess like strength that keeps going that keeps me going and I remember my parents telling me that as a baby when I when we moved from Darwin to Newcastle the weeks leading up to before we flew out when I was three years old they noticed that I got really depressed as a three-year-old because I knew that we were leaving my country and that even when we landed I was sad for a period of time it was the first time they'd ever seen me sad as a child and it was because I was taken from my country and I was with my parents and in a loving home and everything just to move to another place but that just shows you the devastation that comes from being off your country exactly and and really when you think a lot of young people now they're told that they should get an education they should move to the big cities so it's really urbanized environment but you've just said that when you're off country this is how I feel so how does that really and what does that mean for a lot of young people that want to get in that fast lane I mean the cool thing is like you can do whatever you want to do like if you want to become a fashion designer or an actor or a dancer and you don't have those opportunities on your own country then absolutely follow your dreams and go and do that but don't feel forced to do that because that's actually just the white man's indoctrination and that's actually the colony speaking being like to be successful you have to have a corporate job and never ever sleep and never ever see your family but you can drive a flash car and live in a flash house and you can like go play golf or like go and play sport on the weekends or whatever like there's this really formulaic lifestyle that's sort of well that is advertised all the time by the colony but really when Aboriginal people come back into ourselves and when we go back to our own country and go back into the simpler things in life like being on country being with family healing ourselves going out camping going out hunting that's where we get our strength and that's where we actually find our version of success so having been someone who did go away to boarding school or did go away to university off country that served amazing purposes and served amazing connections and networks but it's not everything and at the end of the day that ended up damaging my spirit and making me really depressed and unwell so I ended up having to move back to my country and fortunately for me I have a university on my country and I have job opportunities on my country so in some ways that is a privilege that I can do that and still participate in the things that the white man deemed to be successful but I know that for my version of happiness and joy that I just have to be on my country so I think that's the most important thing that young Aboriginal people need to know and so how do you then end up at law school what sort of compels someone to go I'm really comfortable on country but now I'm going to take on one of the toughest degrees and as I know myself really not very comfortable when you're actually going into that space how and why well my mom's a teacher and has grown me up reading and being really curious and into literature and speaking my mind and I guess my natural predisposition is to be quite educated as well and so being surrounded by education and learning and being a high achieving student throughout primary school and high school it was sort of a natural thing to be like well I'm going to get a really good ATAR and I'm going to go to university I'm going to study law and especially because we get these messaging of like be this Aboriginal woman who studies law like you've already done the private school thing you've already excelled in all these things so you may as well get a law degree too because that's sort of what the dream Aboriginal woman in the colony does in some ways like buying a new suit yeah and so that was sort of the thing to do and the school that I was at the private school I was at they're like yeah go into law school and seemed sort of the only option for me and I knew that I was a good advocate and I was really passionate about fighting for my people I've always had that and have always looked up to people like Martin Luther King or Malcolm X I knew this understanding of justice and understanding the white man's law so on the one hand it was pressures of expectations as a high achieving student to be like you should probably study law but on the other hand I knew that I'd learn really really useful skills that would then allow me to demolish white supremacy so hence the t-shirt yes so could you explain that to us well first of all I love Barker and she's a staunch black woman and a rapper and I just got it delivered up to Darwin last week and Barker is holding her fist in the air and just recently my cousin and I and two of our friends were arrested for doing this in Parliament House in Darwin so what happened we were so my cousin Shana Ali and I are the co-founders of Uprising of the People which is an organization that leads protests in Darwin and we led a protest against the Northern Territories Youth Justice Amendment Bill which wanted to see more Aboriginal kids locked up basically so the bill wanted more monitoring ankle monitoring bracelets for young kids breath testing for young kids harsher bail laws which means that it's harder for repeat offenders to get bail which means more kids locked up in Dondale and also when we're talking about kids we're talking about 10 year olds to 17 year olds which is just disgusting so we were protesting against that so we went to sit in on Parliament while they were passing this bill and giving their speeches and we stood up with our fence our fists clenched silently like this and were asked to leave and then we didn't and then we got charged with disorderly behavior and non-compliant with security orders and that's on your own country that's on our own country in a public like also in our own country so so as sovereign people we should be allowed in certain spaces but then as an Australian citizen that's the house of the people that's the House of Democracy and we were silenced in that house but also as Laracare women on Laracare country and now we have a trespass notice as well on our own country so that means you're going to court and having to say why you actually wanted to be on your country quietly protesting for justice issues and what messages that send to young people especially yeah indigenous youth Aboriginal youth it says don't even try because you'll end up locked up anyway it we were fighting against young people being incarcerated only for ourselves to end up in custody it just teaches young people to be fearful of the system that we're already terrified of and to not even bother because even if you're silent and gentle and a young like Martin Luther King I mean he was a gentle man yeah you still be arrested or killed so there's no right way to do justice in the colony because even if you do as they say and be quiet they still will arrest you or incarcerate you or humiliate you so what is the whole meaning for protest you know why is it so important in human rights for example can you explain a bit more about that just on a personal level like if you and I if I said something to you and it was mean or if it upset you you should be able to hold me to account and say hey Maluma like that wasn't cool that made me feel this type of way can you please not do that again or can we work out something that will be better so we both feel safe that's the plain and simple thing of human rights and of protest it's you being able to express that this wasn't okay it didn't make you feel safe can we negotiate and work out something better that will be beneficial for both of us and that's what protesting is but on a bigger scale protests with more people are just showing all the people that have this same idea of humanity and this same idea of genuine peace and justice for people all coming together protesting is so important how we've gotten every single rights already in history to date by people standing up and saying you know what that's not cool you shouldn't be doing this this is not okay here's the reasons why and here's some suggestions even though we shouldn't even have to suggest the other ways but that's what we end up doing protesting needs to happen there needs to be freedom of political communication there can't just be one way of doing things we have to constantly be learning from each other and constantly be holding each other accountable I always want to be held accountable if I do something that offend someone or that I could potentially do better I want to know because we can always be improving on ourselves and always be working to look after one another and protesting the physical movement of marching down the street is so empowering to people when you see little kids little black kids walking with their flag shirts and they're smiling up and they're looking at all the flags and banners and they're screaming out always was always will be and they're feeling proud that physical movement of people coming together and marching down the street like we know we're not supposed to walk on the road so that feels cool because like yeah I'm a rebel but then when you're with people that you love or people that support you and you're marching down the street and you're with hundreds or thousands of other people like oh cool I'm a part of something and we're doing something there's a movement here and that physical movement manifests itself into psychological movements and cultural shifts so so do you think a cultural shift is going to happen from reconciliation and having one day in one year we can't say no in that every tiny little bit helps I personally don't believe in reconciliation because to reconcile is two people coming together or two parties or more than that coming together to meet in the middle or that which I don't believe Aboriginal people have to come up or down to meet anywhere because we're not in the wrong which we're constantly told we are but we're actually not however the idea of healing and truth-telling is absolutely important obviously reconciliation week serves its purpose and its symbol symbolic and allows for conversations to happen and that's always important there's never a movement within the Aboriginal rights movement that isn't going to help every little bit will help but there will some things that I will align to more than others and reconciliation as a concept is something I'm not really aligned with but I love the idea of truth-telling and healing and mainly self-determination and allowing my people to have our own power and our own autonomy to have control over our lives I think that the main thing that I really want to find out on this amazing insight that you've given us is where does your joy come from yeah from the simple things from the sunshine to sitting on my country at the beach feeling the salt water around my toes and my legs because we don't go swimming in the territory because we don't want to be taken and being with my nieces and nephews being with my dad hearing the wind brushing through the trees my joy comes from all those little things which I can have without anything else just my people and my country and the laughter that I share with my sisters is so important that relationship between black women is just something that's unbreakable and is the ever-burning flame that keeps our community alive is the laughter and joy of black women and I'm really honored and grateful to have beautiful sisters in my life my big sisters and my little sisters who are always there for me we're always building each other up and they are my constant source of joy so there's a lot of hope for the next generation we have to have hope there's hope has to come in all the smallest forms or even the biggest forms but there is a lot of hope out there and it just sprinkles itself really gently through everywhere and the cool thing is is that not everyone's always going to be having a bad day someone will always be having a good day so it's really beautiful when you're having a bad day to look and see someone else that's smiling be like okay yep that's a little bit of hope I needed to keep going or the sun shining today good that's a little bit of hope I needed to keep going or maybe it's raining some people love the rain I do in the wet season so maybe that's the symbol of hope so it comes in all different ways and as Aboriginal people we know that our ancestors are with us all the time and sending us messages through different forms of nature so when we actually look around we know that there's hope everywhere but we just have to be open to it and you've been open to it a lot of things and especially when you finished law there's going to be a whole lot of things for you to do I guess yeah yes although I might just my dream is to just get a dual cab Land Cruiser and just go camping for a long time and just live out in the bush that will be my dream for when I finish my law degree and just go spend time on my country and learn my language and things like that and then I can come back and deal with the colony at a later time they'll still be there you know they'll still be there so that's why I need to conserve myself but yeah yeah that's amazing lots to look forward to and you'll also like a lot of us will have to change around tires and yes bring food yes and just really take photos I mean I really hope you do that and you can share those I'm excited maybe lots of filmmaking I think oh that would be amazing yeah and definitely photos how to sign an Instagram account probably I think that's probably the next point yeah but you've got a few years to go yet yeah I'll worry about that later but yeah for now just trying to chip away at the law degree it helps seeing women like you who've already been there and done that and can say just study just do the readings that's it and just do it till the end because it I really sort of had to clench my teeth and do that final year and I didn't finish year 12 which I'm very proud of you you've actually done that but yeah that joy is amazing and we'll take that on you know and in our hearts from you know that expression and I think everybody needs joy and we hope today you know having that chat and really seeing what's important in life is really going to make people also around listening to this a little bit lighter a little bit more hope and just to hold on to that joy and thanks so much for doing this amazing interview and it's just feels just so natural and it's just an honor to have you thank you for having me Teja, Pananguwo


Half a day and welcome to Guam. We're located in the West Pacific, nearly 4,000 miles west of Hawaii. So in Navy terms, we're located in the 7th Fleet Area of Operation. It's an island nation and U.S. territory home to the native Chamorro people. About 1.6 million visitors come to Guam each year to experience its beaches, amazing sunsets, diving, its culture, 1,000 people living on the island, about 7,000 of which are permanently stationed U.S. service members. For us Navy folks, there are multiple duty stations here, including EOD and several shore commands. You gotta ask yourself, why get stationed here? Guam and see what we're about.