Hello there, it's Sandy and today I'm going to talk about graphite shading over top of Copic and this is one of those where I thought I had an idea of what I was going to teach with this new stamp set from Trinity and it went a different way. Sometimes that happens with the artwork and in this particular case it was going to be about mainly shading on Desert Storm card stock but focusing on one gnome facing toward the light and one gnome facing away from the light because a lot of people will get the idea in their head that you always shade a face in a certain way and in this particular case that's not really how it works if they're both in the same scene. Now if you've got two different cards you can certainly apply that kind of theory to it but on one picture the light source is going to be the same for both which is off to the right hand side so the gnome on the left has the shading on the left side of everything and there's going to be highlights on the front. The gnome on the right is going to have shadows on the left even though you would think that whole beard should be really white white but it's going to be in shadow. I'm going to start by putting some Copic marker down for the shadow areas and whenever you're working on paper like this that is a color whether it's Desert Storm or something else you need to adjust the colors that you choose and here I'm using colors that are darker than I probably would if I were using a white piece of paper and all these colors are going to be over on the blog if you need to know what those are. See the shading on this guy on the right all of that dark area is where the shadow is because the light is being blocked by his head whereas the other one the the one on the left has a lot of light hitting that beard. What I decided to do was use a white pencil since I'm using a colored card stock white pencil is going to show up nicely doesn't really do a whole lot on a white paper but here it's going to do a lot and I'm putting the highlights kind of all over the beard so it feels like a white beard but I'm going to be adding more to it as I went overboard with the white pencil so if you do go overboard with it there are things you can do to fix it. The gnome on the right remember he's got the highlights are coming from the right hand side there's going to be a little light that's going to curl around the edges because light does do a little bit of bending but what I'm going to use here is a graphite pencil this is a 9B my favorite 9Bs I love a good strong 9B you'll get less of an effect with like a number two pencil if that's what you've got but you can still do it with that and I'm adding in some very fine details with a very sharp pencil and I can cover over some of those areas where I went overboard with the white and also add in some detail and some darkness and on this gnome on the right hand side notice how the shading is growing and getting deeper around the shadow side the shadow side on both of these on the whole image is on the left hand side that's just what it is because of the direction the light is coming from the theory is the same even though in your brain it doesn't always work that way because a lot of people just think oh well the highlight should be on the face now here I noticed that the color had lightened enough that I wanted to darken the gnome on the right hand side because he really wouldn't have much light bouncing onto that face might be a little tiny bit landing on the top of the nose or the top of that cheek but once it was dry I was able to see that so when you're working on a colored paper make sure you double check the previous shading that you had already done because some of that may change as it dries as the liquid comes out of the paper itself so we use a couple different reds to shade the hats and in this particular card this particular picture the focus is going to be on those wonderful beards as well as the ornaments the hats are not going to be as crucial there's some shading going on there but it's not going to be you know I often will say that you should focus on the most important part like whatever you can convince the viewer of is realistic then do that make sure the viewer can see exactly what you're putting your focus on and don't worry about the other parts the hats are not crucial here they're just in an adjunct accessory the shoes that are facing off to the left are both in shadow and the light is hitting the tops of those shoes but the shoes on the right which is their left foot left feet those are turned a little bit more so the lights going to catch on them just a little bit more so they'll be lighter color I realized I forgot one part of the beard he's he's got a seriously long beard hanging way down behind the ornament so I had a little bit of that and then added some shading onto the shoes the top of the shoes but again those are not a major portion of this so I'm just going to put some color in there just to define what those shapes are as well as the arms and legs I need it just enough to be convincing and then I moved on to working on the ornaments and I didn't really test out my ornament colors on this I wanted a variety of greens to make these kind of vintage looking ornaments because they have that vintage design style so they came out a little on the funky side because a green on top of a brown is going to make a greenish brown that's just what it's going to do coloring on any kind of a colored paper is going to take on the tone of whatever is in that paper if you want pink and yellow ornaments this is not the paper to use for that particular one so you'll want to think about the tones that you want overall but I was trying to figure out how I was going to do the shading my idea in my head and this was where I had a thought of what I was going to teach in this video my idea was to put the base colors down then go through and add a wash of a gray for the shadow because a lot of times that will work and it works a lot on white paper I did not know how it was not going to work on this particular picture because I was doing this on a colored card stock so unfortunately that lesson failed but I learned some other things and hopefully you'll learn some things through this as well so I've got all my different crazy greens in here and if these don't make you think of like grandma's vintage weird green ornaments I don't know what will so there you go here I am adding my gray color and it sort of added a shadow to it but not in a real kind of strong way what I planned on doing anyway though was to add a darker hue of each one of these greens on top of that area the whole lesson in my head and maybe you can try this on white paper was use a light gray to indicate the overall shape of the shadow because if you know how to shade a circle and a sphere then if you're trying to shade all those individual little pieces all those individual colors then it's often going to be a little difficult to figure out how to do that across all those colors and make them all work together so one gray will tie it together in this particular case I went over it with all those colors following that gray that I had done but I realized I needed something stronger and brighter for a highlight so I used a white pencil to add the highlight onto the ornament and that made me realize wait a minute the shadow worked really well using the graphite on the beards so I wonder if it would work here you know this is a risk when you're doing something like this that it's going to fail and it's going to wreck the whole thing I don't think it did wreck the whole thing the ornaments are still very much in that vintage colorway but all of that shape now comes together it looks like a really round ornament because I I did the unified highlight with the white pencil and the unified shadow with the graphite so the ornament on the right I'm doing the same thing again using the darker colors I skipped the gray phase in that one since I realized that didn't really work but I'm using those darker colors to get a little bit of the shadow color on the left but there's not much difference because of the nature of the paper but as soon as I start adding the white highlight with the pencil on one side and then I'll add the same graphite on the left I start getting that roundness and it also just pulls that whole ornament together so all of those different colored shapes end up looking like they're painted onto one ornament as opposed to when you're doing every single section in a different color it can start to feel like it's a not a smooth surface I guess is what I'm trying to say because each part it's really hard to shade them all so they're equally shaded on all sides once I was all finished I added a super white highlight with of course a white gel pen because everything at christmas time needs some white gel pen from me and added some really hard highlights for reflections onto the ornaments themselves for the finishing of the card I added the sentiment onto a panel and popped it and stamped it a little bit off to the side and I wanted something to take that real estate up on the left so that it would be something that looked intentional there so how about a piece of thread this is just some six ply embroidery thread the card is popped up or the panel is popped up onto the card base rounded on the bottom and then there's no extra space at the top just on the bottom and the two sides so there's my finished card hope this was helpful to you to see me walk through some ideas in my own head and I hope you'll try shading with some graphite sometime take care I'll see you soon bye bye


I'm now going to take up the next session with the two leading experts in the OTT and Martek domain. Let me introduce the panelists I have today. I have with me Tarun Katyal, whom I'm sure a lot of you in the Indian media advertising ecosystem know. He's a media veteran of over two decades. Tarun Katyal is the CEO of C5. In his current role, Tarun is responsible as you know for steering C5. Steering C5, India's largest and most comprehensive digital entertainment platform for language content towards gaining industry leadership position. As you also know, Tarun has a varied and diverse background across India's leading media companies. He was last at Big FM where he was the founder, CEO and CEO during his duration. He also set up Twink, the content incubator and the big TV channels Magic and Ganga. Tarun began his career with advertising agencies, but now as you see, he's a content advertising tech expert. He also worked with Star Network where he rose to head the content and communications across the network in India. He also became instrumental in the record of accomplishment through successful shows like KBC. Apart from that, he was famous for launching Indian media practice and a lot of other shows in India. Welcome Tarun on board. Glad you are here doing this with us. And as I mentioned, Tarun is now a part of Z5, which is India's leading OTT network. I was going through some of the stuff Z5 has been doing and from what I understand in the last three, four months, their consumption is shot up by almost 80% during the lockdown period. They made aggressive investments in Z5 ads, ad tech. They also have partnership with Airtel and Geofiber and they are also launching their own hyper shots, which is India's first ever fully homegrown short video platform. So all the best to you on that, Tarun. In addition to Tarun, what we also thought was to invite eating expert from Europe, Macha Zawadinski is with us. Good to see you. Macha is an expert. Thanks for having me. And advertising technology and a founder of several successful companies. Macha is also currently devoting his knowledge and skills to developing PIVIC Pro, a privacy focused analytics platform and the perfect alternate as this lead to Google analytics. He's also in the past led clear code to its question as a world leading software specializing in customer advertising and marketing technology. Thank you for joining us, Macha, all the way from Poland. So thank you gentlemen for being part of this session. We have people tuned in already. And as has been announced already, the topic of what we are discussing today is around the collapsing web banner and third party data while shifting ad budgets to OTT. Before I get into the detailed thought points about what's going to happen, let me ask you a very elementary question. We've seen over the last many years, Google Facebook have had a kind of duopoly when it comes to customer attention as well as advertising money.  Why do you think over the next 12, 18 months, this money, the advertising money, as well as consumer attention is likely to shift from that duopoly to also the third pillar, which is gaining currency very fast in India and outside India, which is the OTT ecosystem. Why don't we start with you? So thank you for a long introduction. I was almost embarrassed at the end of it. Thank you Macha for joining us from Poland. It's really good to have you around and I hope it isn't too early in the morning for you. So it's a good question, right? Where is digital advertising going? What is going to happen to independent publishers? What's going to happen to the big, large networks of Facebook and Google? For anybody to say that Facebook and Google are going to go away would be quite kind of very foolish, right? Will they reduce their influence on digital advertising? Maybe. Will other publishers come in and come in with scale? I think definitely yes. And why is that? I think for many years, the capability of segmented and targeted advertising, the capability of doing good big data, having great ad servers, digital ad servers, being able to do a great consumer profiling 360 through a good CDP, light or was only a domain of the big tech, right? Which was Google and Facebook and a little bit of Amazon when they started their advertising program for a couple of years ago. But I think the democratization of technology and the democratization of platforms and their ability to attract users and users at scale is aligned for this paradigm to change, for this picture to shift. Platforms like ours and even others like Hotstar or many others are now over, you know, closing to 100 million over 100 million users with some significant amount of video consumption around some very quality content with a higher amount of loyalty. And I think the picture started to change about two to three years ago when most broadcasters in India and across the world realized that they couldn't let the OTT game be secondary and be played by either syndicating content to platforms like Netflix or Amazon or putting their content on a revenue share on platforms like YouTube. But they had to control their own digital destiny. They started building their own platforms. But once they build their platforms and they started to see some very scaled up consumption, they realized that they hadn't invested enough behind analytics and ad tech. And I think the last 12 and the next 12 to 18 months, we'll see some significant investments and building up of independent networks on the base, on the back of, you know, partners like Lekor and others actually getting what they deserve and owning the end to end ad tech pipeline for themselves. Right.  What is your sense globally also a lot of media, traditional legacy media companies are investing a lot in the OTT space. Disney just, you know, pulled out all their content from Netflix and has launched their own platform. What's your sense of what the future looks like? Sure. I mean, I think I totally agree with what Tyrone said. I want to add one point before I answer this question is that the very big advantage of OTT is creating this brand experiences. Like there is no ad blog, banner blindness and they're like, you know, ways that will be distracted from seeing the brand message. So this is a big advantage where I see this advantage and why there is so much investment into this space is that the advertising on the web or in mobile apps has been with us for decades now and maybe for mobile apps not decades, but for web definitely decades and the technology is very advanced today. There is a lot of attribution platform segmentation and so on. We'll come to that probably why some of these platforms will no longer work with the demise of cookies, but they are very advanced compared to what's in OTT and there is a big investment into this creating these ecosystems where there is end-to-end ad buying data analytics attribution for the OTT channel because basically we are building in a matter of the last few years everything that has been created on the web for over a decade. So I see there is a big need because there is a big opportunity and great inventory, great experience, but we need to catch up with the technology and some of the players like Z5 is already doing or in the process of doing that, but there's a lot of legacy players even in the US that are years behind and they are starting to build this technology for the OTT. So would you brought up this point about you know third party cookies, extinction of the third party cookies, so what happens you know how do you see the future of audience buying and advertising on digital changing and how does the OTT system gain out of that, give us some granularity, you know what do you think will happen say in the next 12 months, how does the balance of power kind of shift especially also given the fact that privacy laws are becoming very strict. Yeah that's one point so I think there are two things that influence that one is the regulatory space and not only what happened in Europe with GDPR but also what's happening in Brazil, what's happening in India, in other countries where the privacy laws gets tricker and there is a limitation in what we can do in context of sharing the data between Brenda. That's why I see that there will be a bigger alliance on first party data and some of the big publishers on web like even New York Times announced that they would like no longer do the third party audience selling or buy or inventory selling it will be all based on the first party data and the OTT has a big advantage as by design we know everything like we the users identified they log in with their like username or their telecom into the OTT platform so they're identified it's not like with web where we can lose the cookie when the user blocks it or changes the browser so I think this is like by design a huge advantage of OTT that we are dealing with primarily identified audiences and that's what all other channels are going shifting to primarily on web where the cookies are used and they will no longer be relevant. What I see also is that there is more interest in the first party data technologies so CDPs in particular building the customer data platforms to aggregate data across different sources that these organizations have and I think again OTT has a big advantage that they can do great partnerships with various players whether there are telecoms or whether there are other like internet providers or there are other partners that have data and having identified audience helps you to match this data with the partner and reach your audience data and that is a matter of like selling that at inventory at the high premium price versus selling it unidentified users at the low price. Right so let me stay on this point about data and hop across to Tarun. Tarun these are interrelated things you know if you look at the large publishers non-OTT publishers the Google and the Facebook books of the world they inherently require registration and hence their ability to you know mine that data because they know who exactly is using a Gmail and who's using the Facebook account they've managed to build huge you know programmatic plays on top of this layer of data that they are primarily collecting directly from the users. OTT players on the other hand have a mixed bag so in cases where you have subscriber data obviously people are paying and you know they are they are kind of holding accounts but there's a large number of users who are who are consuming OTT content without really you know registering and giving you access to that kind of data so how do you think OTT players over the next 12 months can overcome this you know primary data deficit that currently they have because that also kind of means more earnings the more the advertiser can map the data the primary data the more his confidence in investing in the platform goes up. So you're right Naval I think OTT made a mistake when they launched that there are a lot more guest users onto their platform without registering you know directly with the OTT platform so I'll tell you two or three things that OTT platforms data shouldn't have done one we all allowed guest users to keep consuming video because we thought it was early stage without having compulsory or mandatory registration. Two while doing the mandatory registration we didn't take enough fields like age and gender and so on and so forth. Third we allowed a lot more social logins on our platform which didn't give us enough data pipeline from the social platforms like Google and Facebook and all of this is something that we corrected over a period of time I think you'll live to learn and learn to live. So to help you understand a platform like ours now if you watch over five videos without being registered you have to go back and register so it's mandatory registration at one level. At the second level even if you were to come in and register through social which is because of convenience we still allow which is Facebook and Google you have to enrich your profile in terms of age and gender and it's even more important for us because increasingly government laws and regulation around content and around age and guard rates around that make it very important for us to get that data both data both as well as gender for us. Then lastly I think we've also all built a network of relationships on data partnerships to be able to enrich this first party data with other partners who have similar logins and we work with other loyalty programs, we also work with other telcos who are able to actually bring alive our data management platforms and much like Marchesh was saying we now have a fairly big investment in building a consumer data platform which where not only our first party data and registered verified users flowing but a lot more data partners who flow in their data or basis are their understanding and their consumption of the same users and we've been able to multiply that those attributes and that profile in a fairly rich manner and that investment continues to grow and grow. So much as you know India is a unique country to convert users into subscribers is far more tougher as compared to some other parts of the world and hence as Tarun said a lot of the OTT usage started as a sampling service to lower users in and keep the barrier of entry as low as possible not even ask them for basic details. So what do you think like Tarun was explaining what do you think are the ways that now that there is a substantial chunk of user base and advertisers are looking at the platforms very seriously to invest in what are the ways in which you can we can sort of short circuit the process and jump over because you can't have now suddenly millions of people registering and sharing their data overnight. So I think like what Tarun mentioned about gated content and forcing the users after they experience the service to sign in is the way that like it's a global trend even for non OTT content and that's basically you know how you gain the identified users the moment you have identified users you can do much more in context of the data and what's most important you can collect bits of data over time and you don't lose it in the cookie words like the moment that the browser clears the cookies you are losing all the history and here like the moment we don't have to collect all the data at once we can do it very slowly we can also build it based on the content consumption over time how it changes we can do a lot of analytics based on that that will help us later to classify the users into audiences that will be very valuable for the advertisers and you know sorry never can I come in and I think the big advantage that OTT players bring it into the country is that advertisers are used to buying on some of their key market shows on broadcast right but advertisers didn't know what the psychographics and what the other attributes of these users were the same users and a fair amount of them migrate from watching on tv to watching on OTT you now know them one at an n equal to one level and two you now know them far more than what you knew before which you knew them through a panel and you knew them through a panel into age and gender and so on and so forth but as more data flows in and as you grow to know them more and more your ability to get those many signals into the same set of users that you were doing through broadcast now on OTT is far richer a platform like ours which is becoming 360 degree in terms of being a super app we now have hypershots coming and hypershots becomes almost quasi-social right where where you have far more many signals because there's user generated content and people like and share and display affinity to certain kind of users or certain kind of story or certain kind of you know even products and all of those signals keep enriching your first party data which is all verified through a signal identifier. Tell me that's very interesting the hyper locals point tell me something why don't you tell us a little more about it especially how do you plan to dovetail user generated content into the existing content on the platform how will it work the synchronization it doesn't really synchronize in that sense it's a separate section within the app so it's much like a super app where you have different different areas but what we thought was really that you know for several years the influencer game built the social platforms right and who are these influencers these influence was were all these tv stars who are really on our shows for so many years right so all the 40 channels of the z network and all the characters and actors within that actually build the entire influencer list in the country a part of it not all of it and then there is bollywood and there is sports and and there are newscasts and we thought that we had we had access to so many of these their fans wanted to connect to them directly and the fans anyway came to consume their characters on our platform on a daily basis yeah and we could extend that experience of fandom onto a hyper shorts platform also you know all our reality shows allowed regular users to become superstars or you know at least celebrities of their own and this hyper shorts platform will also funnel that talent into our you know our various reality shows and so on and so forth so really there were three vectors that we were working on one was fandom one was fun and we thought that there's a lot out there that you can play and play with music play with dialogues and all that and the last was factual and we think that there is a lot of DIY content in short form that is waiting to be done and and all of it had a great overlap with our existing audiences and we thought that you know while audiences in India find it difficult to have too many apps on their phone largely because of low memory low real estate in on the phones one super app could do it all for them fantastic uh let me just pick up an audience question now uh there's somebody who's uh wants to know what OTT overtake television or cinema in the next five years I think that answer that question has been answered in many research reports but I'm not going to uh but I'm not going to put my job why don't you tell us what is pitch pitch Madison report saying well I mean my sense is that uh in India you know like it's happened with mobile telephony it's happened so many times in media things move on parallel tracks so it's not like one thing takes over the other OTT will grow at at its own pace television penetration is still growing you know a lot of companies have been very fast to uh pronounce the death of print but look at regional print you know it continues to grow at a healthy rate year after year so I think a lot of learning that we have from western markets might not be exactly replicable in India at least for the next five years television will continue to grow obviously the pace of growth will be different because OTT's base is low I was reading another report which said over the next five years OTT ecosystem is expected to grow 24% compound annual rate of growth which is significant given the fact that that advertising market in the last four five years that has grown at what a CAGR of 11 12 person give or take so at 2x and obviously uh one of the components that will fuel the growth is also subscription monies uh which for television has also started coming in if you see in the last five six years which was a very small pie you know before digitization and television started so the simple answer is I don't think anybody can really predict whether it'll overtake cinema or television but one thing is for sure OTT will become a very very large pie of the entire digital ecosystem which will be large enough maybe it'll be equal to TV in five years that is certainly a possibility this year from what I understand digital itself would have reached 17-18 thousand crores in India which is from some 1.5 billion dollars but maybe because of covid the growth will be lesser but in five years yeah but one of the segments that will grow even this year they say even after all of this possibly digital and digital video will possibly grow the fastest yeah that's right so let me come back to you uh see you answered this much better than me oh you I've learned from you Darul let me hop back across to uh to machi you know one of the things uh that we keep talking about machi is uh data you know privacy of data I think that's globally a massive issue in countries like India how the data is going to be used I was reading uh today actually that I think it's Germany that is a disallowed facebook a german supreme court has disallowed facebook to mine user data for selling to third parties right and yeah why don't you tell us a little more right you you have an idea about what's going on there sure so I mean I think with facebook is very interesting uh case because um they collect the user actions etc so they have locations almost everything that we do there there is a significant amount of time there so um the supreme court banned them from selling to third parties but what they say they don't sell the data because they sell advertising targeted by the data and the data does not leave the ecosystem um so there is still like I think uh some uh dispute over like whether they are using it's like in my opinion they are using it for advertising not for the purpose of like serving the user the content and using the service so they are using it for advertising purposes and the user has to agree to that but in their opinion they are not sending they are selling advertising and they are not exporting the data outside of their their ecosystem talking a bit more broadly about privacy yes it gets much stricter and I think like the this is the good thing like the at-tech and marketing technology space just got out of control and we like the whole industry earns that that they are now forced to adapt and there will be a lot of changes uh regarding regarding that but it's not that you know uh we won't be able to to track the users we have to do it with the uh certain uh either consent or certain anonymization uh so that we cannot target an individual rather than audience uh but uh but it's not that it's end of the world for at-tech companies now like we see like even uh clearly the company I founded sees the growth in the at-tech projects mainly because they have to adopt or there are new channels uh there's a lot of investment into the first party space uh compared to the third party data that it's it used to be for the last decade um so yeah I mean uh not sure if you want me to elaborate on anything else in in particular here right so there's a specific question for you this is what kind of tools do you offer to the marketers to empower them to use your channel or your shows so what we're developing now um while we have four ad products which is advault amplify uh and we also have a big dmp called infonomics which we allow marketers to set up their campaigns and and set up their audience segments and so on and so forth what we now work with clear code is to build out an entire cell sub platform uh which will allow and empower marketers to be able to do almost everything themselves forget setting up audiences and campaigns but also do biddable advertising buy biddable advertising uh and to hold so also to be able to do optimization waterfall analytics um and basically end-to-end optimization on their campaign so our entire vision is that are that the advertiser or the advertising agency will be fully empowered in every in every way to be able to advertise on our platform and it will have very low managed services or human intervention right fantastic we don't have uh time left so I'll ask one last question which is also very relevant to the Indian market uh to both of you gentlemen measurement in digital uh has been uh kind of a bone of contention for the last many years unlike the legacy media which has you know third-party measurement tools run by companies like nilson in india you have a bar for tv you have a mr uc uh which does irs the readership studies uh digital does not have any third-party measurement tools do you think the time has come turn to have third-party independent measurement tools it will allow the industry to go and to grow at a much faster rate so digital having said that digital is far more transparent in terms of data as compared to legacy media but do you think if we have third-party measurement at this point of time it'll help us jump the curve and faster so there is uh so to let me correct you here now but there is no single currency that measures everybody together but there is measurement of individual platforms which is third party right okay so on our platform we have oracles mode which uh measures view through rates so how much of the advertising did anybody see we also have nilson's dar which gives advertisers an ability to see who saw an advertise who are so on advertising which is what age what genders and whatever filters we decide to sell and they decide to measure so those two parameters already exist on most good quality platforms uh but i think there is a need for all platforms to come together and build a single currency and i think that even you know at imai i'm trying to work with almost all platforms to see you know we can come to a consensus there is a obviously word that is work that is happening at bark and ecamp there is work that is happening at nilson individually so yes there are platforms there is kondiba which is also trying to do something on the smart tv side collectively so there are lots of options and opportunities that that are coming together and i can tell you with all my experience in this space it's not more than 18 to 24 months away we will find a solution to something and this right and people like marches are doing a lot of this kind of work through public so let him tell us a little bit actually why don't you tell us globally how is the third party independent data measurement uh being tackled we know that facebook are not on third party platforms yeah so i mean there are ecosystems like google and facebook does not let independent measurement and there is a lot of controversy and even losses uh because of that uh what i see is what i want to point out is maybe something different so uh when it comes to independent measurement on uh web for example when it comes to audiences this space will get disrupted by the demise of cookies that we that we covered uh earlier as well as by privacy laws because by tracking these users you share their information and there needs to be some new mechanisms developed and similarly to ott we have to develop some new currency and new systems uh how to do it uh in a privacy friendly way and at the same time so that we can compare apples to apples rather than have uh like right now like even with some leading platforms you have significant differences in kinds of measurement and that has been always the case like with every time we go into integrating for example real-time building platforms we see these discrepancies we get them down quite a lot but they are always there and that's because like different vendors uh have a different let's say currency of how how certain things are being measured so to sum up it there are still challenges i had to to make it uh independent of the channel but we'll get there i i'm sure that we'll get there uh globally as well brilliant uh we are we are out of time and as you know we are this is a you know larger martech event and we have the next speaker already waiting so thank you to both of you gentlemen it's exciting i'm sure to be in the otd space it's a sunrise sector uh while legacy media is looking at many confronting many many issues especially during the lockdown otd is a sector which is likely to continue to grow at a very fast pace but with the challenges of having technology and having more competition one of the reports i read said india alone has 95 otd platforms now and growing because you know every month one or two new otd platforms are launching so with that thank you to both of you for spending your valuable time and we'll try and take some of the conversation offline thank you darun thank you ruhail thank you thank you everyone for joining us thank you


All right Welcome to today's stream We streamed well We worked on the problem for three hours yesterday Day 10 part 2 we couldn't quite crack it, but I Yeah Had a hard time sleeping without it solved. So I think I yeah, I solved it Let me just show you What I wrote up on my Kindle scribe This is the one of the shapes. This is the shape of this one and whoop-whoop And what was happening is that? We were counting So so I expanded it right so this is like on a so each square here is Four squares here and what we were doing before is that we were You were measuring the Area of this whole thing, right? that's where that 26 came from and the Like the four you're like here, right? So there was a whole area But we needed to actually deduct The area that the curve occupants So a Felix 5 Who commented a lot yesterday he mentioned this right, you know this minus 0.25 plus 0.5, but we didn't quite manage to get there So then I sat down and wrote, you know, okay, so here this L here This is gonna the area of this L isn't gonna be one right and the area of any north or south is just two And then the areas of these So outward facing corners have an area of one but inward facing corners have an area of three And that was the trick we were missing yesterday. We needed this Distinction between outward and inward facing corners So I wrote some more code From yesterday you may recognize this is the green area code and It's quite similar, but it's just saying that okay now we're counting in force instead of 0.25 I didn't want to involve the folks here So then we add, you know four times why so just add everything above if we're going east But if you're going If you're going east into this and then you go up, okay You cover like half the area above that because you go like half east in this case and Similar here in the seven you're going a half point east, right? And then similarly for west If you go west we deduct everything above that right But for F and L we're also we're going a little bit west and then Same with north and south actually, so it's not just So if you're hitting the pipe directly, you're not adding anything But if you go if you go into this F here, you're also take going a little bit east and If you're hitting this seven here going a little bit West right so they add here and we Subtract here So we really follow the curve We make a shirt Thank You Kredlin This is my Indian camo shirt the kurta actually Anyway, I think we figure this out So then this calculates the area correctly But then we had to figure out the area of the curve itself, right? So this calculates the whole area now. We just want to see how much the curve itself occupies, right? So, you know like this here, right the curve itself Occupies some area So then I wrote that down here, right? So here this one occupies this so that the inner part It's gonna be two here Two units of this we could kind of buy So if you take this little J corner here So I looked at this picture basically, right? So if you're going if you're going From the scumming from the north You're going south into this one. You count one, right? If you're going West East into this when you count one and then so and then if you go You're going west into this L here. You count three, right? And similarly here if you go east into the seven you count three So that's just basically saying you're right eats into the seven. We're taking this kind of corner And then this one is going to be outside And that worked so It works for the examples. Okay, if we run this now on the examples it does give us the Right numbers for the examples and there was one more trick we had to do We had to also So what would happen sometimes so you have to go clockwise For this to work, right? You have to that's a Green's theorem Positively oriented, whatever you call it And what would happen in this big case here is that The s is somewhere in here. I think it's I Don't remember where the s is. It's one of these and Oh, yeah, it's here Okay, and what the s here would do is that it would pick this down here instead of going west So and then we'll go the other way around and then every all the area will be negative Which is fine, but then the Area of the curve changed because we weren't doing the right in the right order Basically, so what we basically do is that we just From the starting point we we get the two Paths it could possibly go and then we just compute the curve, right? We're going one way going the other way and then in the end if the area is Is a Positive then we went the right way around But if it's negative we want the wrong way around And then we had what we had to do is we have to just take the absolute value So the area is the same but to calculate the curve area. So then these threes and ones don't match up We have to go the other way around. So that's what we do And I think it works. So I'm very happy that the green steering approach works. We didn't have to do flood fill or anything So I run it Takes two 88 milliseconds, which is not bad. I think let me if I remove all the Running on the example, oh That was the whole code remove all the running on the examples and It takes 200 milliseconds, but it's a lot faster than doing some quadratic flood flood fill stuff I think because it's just a It's just greens here. We're not even counting anything. We're just going around the curve Now, let's see if it works And then we can move on to day 11 351 come on submit Oh What you don't seem to be solving the right level did you already complete it? Huh? Your presence or 351, okay So we got it. It's just some weird thing in the submission All right day two day 10 part two done now. Let's move on to day 10 But yeah, so the lesson of this kids is If you're not getting it right Don't keep hacking and coding just uh write it up. All right, let's see today to do Let's do day 11 I haven't looked at it yet. I accidentally clicked it earlier, but Eh I think so the word of this radio is that this one is not as hard as day 10 part Day 10 part 2 so hopefully We'll do it Won't take too long, but We can also look at the stats And we can see that It's dropping down fast, but a lot of people Not many people did did only ah, yeah, okay. Sorry. We can't see here that A lot of people did day 10 But a lot of people also didn't complete part 2 Same as here, right? With part 2 of day 5 But most people are completely pitted part 2 of day 1. So I think we're good Let's go for day 11 Anyway, I like this puzzle and I really liked that we could use a actual math Green serum Uh, it just took us a while to discretize it correctly um, but As I said, this makes my Three years of Hardcore calculus Bachelors all worth it because we solved one Added a code in a slightly faster Which is not bad Okay, so Now we're looking for hot springs come across some observatory Okay, he's studying cosmic expansion Okay, he's just working on his research process visiting. Okay Okay, maybe you can help me out with analysis to speed things up The researchers collected a bunch of data and compiled the data into a single giant image The image includes empty space and galaxies A researcher is trying to figure out the sum of the lengths of the shortest path between every pair of galaxies Wow Okay Okay, 36 pairs For each pair find any shortest path between the two galaxies only steps that move up down left or right exactly one Star or hash at the time Okay, so the third path between guys allowed to pass to another galaxy For example, here's one of the shortest paths between galaxies five and nine Take a minimum of nine steps to get from galaxy five to nine Okay, this seems to be doable. Let's say Let's look at the input the input is going to be crazy big With a lot of Ah, okay. There's not so much empty space Let's copy paste input doom doom doom Day 10 good stuff. Let me just commit get at day 10.js get at x and x star Get that example Get that input I'm missing something now get commit them Day 10 part two Let's go to day 11 Day 11 Oh Touch day 11.js touch Now let's just paste the input here and Let's also paste the example Okay It's like a classic path finding problem, right? Okay, uh, let's catch the universe bend in time to deliver surgery Okay, any rows or columns that contain no galaxies should actually be twice as big Okay Doom doom Up down left or right? Okay, let me close this picture boom boom boom Now let's close Others. Let's see Okay, example. So what I really want is just a Strings to list of pairs of ints And I want I want As I want to know the bounds Okay parts example Equals okay So first of all, we're gonna see we're gonna do the empty lines Which is Where is empty? For all Equal to dot Okay, let's say Let's not give us a type yet Let's just say a map is empty Um main IO main equals Read file example So this is going to be okay like a solution where it's going to be easy to do it the naive way But hard to like optimize it I think print dot bars example bars Example ring doom boom Dot lines right now gc day 11 Okay, 11 time 11 false false false true false false. So those are the empty So let's just see a so we could do some hacking and just say if it's empty then Counts as two steps but Let's process Add empty And add empty Row if empty then If the row is empty then rr R then a rr Add empty rsls R I think I can do this Maybe I Shouldn't But ah, okay Better do it the other way Is it and then Add empty Okay So we added a copy of the empty row now um Add empty and then Transpose dot add empty And then we add empty again variable underscore transpose It's actually gc 2021 Uh import data at all lists Okay, so we added the empty And then let's transpose again Just to make it so we can print it nicely Okay So we got the same Okay, so we've done the first part of the task Now Let's see I have a feeling I think that they're gonna say, uh They're gonna say that Like part two is going to be like, oh actually um Actually the it's It grew a lot faster or something so the empty rows are going to be Not just one extra one, but like a million Anyway, um Find indices So these are all the galaxies And now we're just going to get the coordinates zip with So we're gonna take in the index and the list And we're gonna map they were the list Okay, and now we just Concap these So parts example List of strings to a list of Okay, now we have all the stars This path is like nine because it takes a minute of nine steps to get on galaxy five To galaxy nine Zero one two three four five It's this one Seven Okay, so six one to get to 11 five Now we want the Distance on a grid because a I think it's called a taxi cab distance Exactly You know, I'm really I'm really uh I'm really working my I'm really working my math degree here Okay, let's say The Manhattan distance x1 minus x2 Dist x1 y1 x1 x2 y2 to abs x1 x1 minus x2 minus a plus abs y1 minus y2 Okay, let's say, um Part one where equals So stars is equal to a where uh Chords is equal to parts example stars Now let's say see a Chords Five Let's just print print dot aren't print dot part one Right. Okay. So you want number four here? Chords nine eight Okay Hey Felix Good to see you again we solved Day 10 using green's theorem Let me just show you the explanation again We use green's theorem We counted the area but What we forgot to do was We forgot to deduct the area that the curve occupies And it's not just It's not enough to just say okay the corners take this much So the sides take 0.5. That's exactly like you said But if you're taking if you have an outward corner it only takes 0.25 And if you have an inward corner it takes 0.75 So by Using green's theorem to compute the area of everything And then going through the curve again and looking at Depending on the like the orientation of the actual curves Whether they were inward pointing or outward pointing we would calculate the area of the curve And then We could make it work So we took some time I had to sit down and write it up But we got there eventually Which is good by the way, I hope my Audio is still going strong Anyway, and we turned out and then we had to do another trick. We had to So what was wrong in the big example was not just the curve. It was also the fact that we were going the wrong way around So to make this calculation make sense you have to go clockwise Because for the if you go counterclockwise, you know the There's a difference between the whether it takes one or whether it takes three depending on the direction you're going So we just calculate and figure out which direction we're going through Figure the area of the whole thing using green's theorem Um and then deduct the area of the curve Et voilà, it worked I'm quite happy That we could use my math degree to search good rules But okay, let's see and now we're doing day 11. We're finding distances between points Um Actually, I'm curry this And I'm thinking we can do the taxi cab distance Between two points um So between galaxy and galaxy one and galaxy seven is supposed to be 15 let me see So this was five and nine So let's just see We don't need to do any path finding, right? Uh, this is galaxy one and Seven Three and six eight and nine so three and six and Eight and nine 9 15 17 zero Oh, that's not correct. Let's see 9 15 17 5 so we are just taking that distance taxi cab distance That's good Um, so we need to now take the So to find every combination Of two things I think in haskell you can do something like This so you take a and b come on b Slide over uh one two three And then applicative four five six And let's see fmap I think this needs to be why is it not doing the applicative ggi Did it out of applicative What is going on here? It's in the prelude What oh, uh, okay a b a Come on b So one one one three Two one two two two three three one three two three three Yeah, so exactly so Uh, 0.5 inward Exactly what you were doing this but your solution was probably easier to program because you only need the previous interaction for the corners Yeah, I mean so I did I did do that I explained that earlier that a So I started counting everything as a it's a block of four Because we were and then we imagined the point, you know zero zero it's going to be in the middle of the zero zero block, right? and then And then so whenever you go down you're adding two blocks like half right when you go down your When you go up you're you're you're adding as well Um, so it worked out Okay, so now we're just gonna do um, so what we're gonna do is we are gonna We are gonna say and We're gonna say this and we are gonna fmap that over chords over chords And this will just work Because the distance between so we don't have to like filter out the galaxy to itself Because it's going to be a zero do do do seven four eight Ah, and now we did everything twice Because the order doesn't matter. That's true. Okay, so we just divide this by two three seventy four exactly As it was supposed to be Now let's Do this on the input And let's see if it works All right What extension is deducing the type? What do you mean deducing type? ah This is just a hasco language server HLS And it's in You can make it work for whim or emacs But it's very nice for vs code Because it just has these nice That's what kind of that's why I started using vs code actually Because it is quite nice Or the hls extension because you can just put in like Hoverers and it can do autocompleteness stuff. It's quite nice Okay, now let's see Uh-huh. Yes, exactly. Now instead of the expenditure before make each empty row or column one million times larger And it's each energy will be replaced with one million empty rows and each empty column should be replaced with one million empty columns Okay, so, um, let's see a We just have to change the parse example And because we're using taxi cab, you know, it's not gonna It's not gonna take it's not gonna be very bad so, uh part two is gonna be let's see Part two is going to be the same Part two except we're going to parse example two and here parse example Two Okay, and we are going to We're not going to add empty Uh, we need to add the empty columns That's just um Let's not add empty. Um Do do do do Let me just do this again. Okay read file Example and we're just going to print Uh map m range dot parse example two And uh, okay So is empty is the same so let me see, um So a so empty rows is equal to So we're gonna say a sip empty in sip. Okay, and we're gonna say a filter second and then Is empty and we're gonna map first so we are gonna say a empty call rows equals empty ins Okay Let's leave this for now empty rows, so let's see empty ins Stairs and empty calls is equal to empty Why is it like this? This is all wrong empty rows calls empty ins transposters And this should be a function. So it should look like this Camel case mixed casing. That's good. Okay. Let's see. Okay Now let's just print empty rows empty calls Okay, um We're getting two five eight. Well, how are we getting that? Um We should be getting two things, no empty Uh, we're map and printing. Oh my god. This is that stupid change that gave pairs like a thing Man empty calls three seven two five eight Okay, now let's find the original indices Uh, which we do with exactly Exactly like this Oreg in the Stairs Okay, so these are the original indices um So zero three one seven two zero Now, um, we're gonna We're gonna add to the The empty rows. We're gonna add to these Um, so let's see Hey, let's see add Add two So for everything that's after three we want to add a million And for everything up after seven We want we want to add Two million Okay, so let's just see here. Okay add two It's just a So if we're not adding anything We just do so far. Okay add two, uh, so far x axis add to Roll so far x s is Okay, so we're gonna say here Um map so far So far we're gonna say x comma y Let's see Okay, x comma y We're gonna say If x larger than e c then x plus one Million y else x comma y Okay, and this is gonna be so far prime where So far prime is equal to so we map over them You modify all of them But now we also have to Say Add to row So far prime and then we also have to say Plus one million To the rest of them map plus one million x is Because we want to because I don't know all of them are gonna be like they're gonna have the they're because they're gonna be Yeah, so because we also modify in this off the empty row, right? Okay, and I had to call so far prime this is just if Why is legal larger than I see then? Let's see here. Let's just And add to call Let's write them out actually or egg or egg ins So the eight there is a faster way to do this, right? We don't actually have to modify all of them. We can just say if they are they are in a certain location that that We would add to them there Let's see add to call or egg ins a Empty Rows This is why we also name it add to call so add to row Okay, and add to row of this Add to call column This of a Empty calls So, uh, yeah, so it's after the first time it was there's a million there Million Yeah, I think we're good Mm-hmm Okay, now let's just make sure That this is all a Part example like this And it's a list of integer comma integer Coordinates just so we are not Integer integer or egg in's Find indices Okay Do integer And now it's all integers And we do Part two it's gonna be an integer and Dilly-dilly-dilly-dilly-dilly Let's see Let's let's first check on the example actually Oh, this is the example. Yeah, okay Hey, so and let's also take in this number D Let's just One let's replace this million with D Okay, and Part two D Yeah Now let's say part two In the example above each of each number will merely 10 times larger The sum of the shortest path between every pair of galaxies would be 10 30 Is it because we Do maybe it's 11 or nine Okay, we got something wrong Here, um, did I do a larger than equal do? Mm-hmm We are quite close though Right, so we have to add D minus one D equals D minus one D prime And then we should add here 10 10 30 and then let's print it again if it's 100 and it should be 8 4 10 now So the input one Million Let's say All right We did day 11 Not too bad today I think we figured out We were good at finding the generalization. So it worked out quite well And the trick was using the taxi cab distance right if we would gone If we had been like, oh shortest path, let's do this path finding It would have been a mess actually Anyway, uh Thanks for joining in. I hope you liked day 11 and let's see how day 12 goes but again I'm quite happy with That we made we were able to do t 10 part 2 using green's theorem Check out the youtube video Like so the beginning of this video for the explanation if you want to see it It's going to be on youtube tomorrow in 24 hours and It will I mean the video on demand will also be here so All right, thanks for tuning in today and see you tomorrow Or day 12 Okay