Ladies and gentlemen good morning. This concludes our cultural program, rich cultural program with many diverse sessions. The purpose was to show how art permeates not only culture but also science and technology even economics and politics. Artists are an inspiration for new thinking and innovation and also with this last session we would like to be a little innovative. It's very difficult to introduce Sara Jones. She is a multi-talent, playwright, actress, poet. She has received many awards and is a UNICEF ambassador and its official spokesperson on violence against children. I am sure you will enjoy her performance. Please welcome Sara Jones. Thank you so very much for that introduction and good morning everyone. It's extraordinary actually to see you here on this Saturday morning. I think you must be quite committed to this theme of the new global village and I first want to say how grateful I am to be here to be participating in this meeting. Honestly it's my first time in Davos and it's so breathtakingly beautiful and I mean it literally also takes your breath away. It's nearly the end of the meeting and I'm still adjusting to the altitude but I think it's also the heights to which this meeting has brought me personally and I do multi-character performances in the theatre as some of you are aware. So I portray people of various different ethnicities and I did that in for example a one-person show that was called Bridgetunnel which I did on Broadway in the United States. It was an extraordinary opportunity, garnered me a Tony Award there in the United States. It was it really gave more to me than I ever could have imagined but when I was asked to perform here I thought right I had to think these are sort of the preeminent business leaders of the world right politicians, scientists, philanthropists, artists and what could I possibly have to say that would be sort of worthy of my participation in something like that and so I thought perhaps a very erudite sounding English accent, British accent might help things a bit and then I thought no no I just have to get up there and be myself and talk the way I really talk after all this week for me are you all checking to see you're all awake can you tell the difference between the flat American and the British I'm impressed I'm impressed but I will say that for me this week has been all about this it's indescribable the opportunity to hear these leading and authentic voices from around the world and so here I am talking the way I really talk besides I do speak the Queen's English I am from Queens New York but the theme of this performance is the new global village and so I'd just like to introduce you to a few of my very own inventions or villagers they're all so excited to be here they've each prepared their own remarks okay good morning good morning everyone thank you so very much for having me here I can't see you yet but I can feel that you're wonderful people there you are okay yes you look wonderful as well that's good I'm here because of the young girl Sarah Jones who some of you have met and she's a very nice young black performer from America yeah well you know she calls herself black yeah she's really more like a caramel color if you look at the skin but I don't quibble anyway this is such an international gathering I feel I should say my name is Lorraine Levine me I'm all Lorraine Levine mucho gusto bonjour je m'appelle Lorraine Levine he hides a Lorraine Levine I'll stop there it only gets worse okay anyway I teach people that of all my languages my English is only the one starting to come along after 80 something years on this planet but anyway what I will say is you know even for someone my age this has been a once in a lifetime experience I mean my children can't get over the fact that I'm here my grandchildren my great-grandchildren I'm a legend now in my family and as I say once in a lifetime and it's a good thing too because I don't mind telling you I nearly strangled myself the first day trying to get myself into the first session there so I think for the next Davos you might want to include a session on chiropractors around the world for the badges but I'm just grateful that you all are so committed here to me making a better world and as you know it's it's a concept that is more profound than it might seem I'm grateful that you're all here participating and frankly I'm just so impressed congratulations on being masters of the universe your parents must be very proud enjoy the rest Mazel tov on all the success may it continue well so as you heard that was Lorraine and like everyone else you're meeting today she's based on various real people from my real life so they might be friends neighbors family members I come from a multicultural global village of my very own and in fact Lorraine Levine is loosely based on a real relative a few people I like to say I create composite characters so that we protect the innocent and especially the guilty but on my mother's side of the family that multicultural picture looked like my grandmother who was Irish American and a mix also with German American there were both Christians and Jews on that side of the family it's a long story filled with intrigue and interfaith guilt as we always say and then there were Caribbean relatives on my grandfather's side Latino roots on that side the different islands and my father's side African American also with Caribbean roots so on top of all of this as confusing as that was for a small child my parents sent me to the United Nations school for further complication and there at age 11 I began meeting students and teachers from everywhere I'll introduce you to a few and imagine what they would experience if they could be here and I was a German teacher of Sarah Jones we will only I won't take a lot of time here but she had 3 years in the gymnasium she was learning German in school for 3 years and she had all this forgets and she has forgotten everything so now I wish I can tell her back in the past one day you will be at Davos and you will wish that you had done your house of garden it means homework okay and then of course we have a lot of different for example I had a teacher a French teacher I let her speak for herself of course okay it's very important well you know Sarah Jones she was one of my students well I want to say first that I am proud that she's at Davos well not that her French is perfect it's com si com sa mais I just really believe at this time where we need more of this dialogue plus d'espoir plus ok what I want to say is that the more we can understand each other I believe especially you know if we are remembering even on recent weeks that really we need that understanding of each other it's a matter of really security that we can communicate together better understand each other and maybe that we can use you more you more as the bridge that we can work better together okay well I want to only add something here which is first of all good morning ladies and the gentlemen's I think you will say please excuse me I don't know if you are speaking good Russian well I try no it's not good enough so okay good morning ladies and gentlemen but for the Russian context Sarah Jones is bringing me here I she's a friend of my daughter and to watching these girls playing together one is so different for the other and yet they are the same maybe not the same hair very different hair but otherwise the two girls they can be like sisters so I love that we come together here we look each other's culture even you had here I am enjoying so much all of the different sessions which you are having yes all of the different sessions my only complaint you are having too many different sessions it's not possible to go in everything and but I don't complain and I thank you for this Russian outlook and we are in a new global context so I suppose this will be like a new Russian outlook my husband teaches me now I am older Russian so maybe I have to adjust but still was very stimulating even for this old Russian context here thank you thank you I enjoy the rest of the meeting so also I met people who enlarged my my vision of the world for example well I just wanted to take a brief moment to say that as a woman coming from the Middle East meeting the young girls like Sarah Jones explaining to her what is it means for someone like me for example working in behalf of the rights of people from the region that we are still hopefully working all towards the same goals even whether I am covered wearing hijab which I was when I met Sarah Jones but it does not mean that we cannot have the common ground as you would say and I am teaching as much as I can my students to recognize the benefit of step outside stepping outside their own context to make space for the empathy for the other person and even if they do not care at all about the empathy you know they are teenagers they may not care about as much the empathy as their iPhone but at least I can tell them come participate at least I will give you extra credit that seems to work a bit better as a motivation so we do what we must to push these ideas forward with time I think it becomes more natural that we will empathize with each other and not be the enemies for each other so I also met people who showed me well I'll share her own perspective and let her speak for herself well you know when I first met Sarah Jones I tried to explain to her first of all I want to apologize that I am speaking a little bit faster but the problem is that as I explained to people coming from the Latin American context first of all that when I first met Sarah Jones I was telling her you know for not only am I coming from the different backgrounds that I have in my family so many different people not only from the South America but also from the curry it's a very complicated story but that you know I am trying to explain to people that there is no such thing as a combo how would you stay a monolith do you understand what I'm saying monolith I know that when I have with my accent it can be difficult for people but you are trying your best I can see that especially at this hour of the day but anyway I try to just participate as much as I can even though that sometimes it will make me a little bit nervous perhaps some of you here can relate to this that the more I am getting nervous it's difficult I'm feeling nervous and I start to talk very fast and then no one can understand anything that I'm saying in any language and that's very very difficult so with that I will try to just give maybe the translators a break I'm so sorry about that but I did the best I can this was my slow tempo which Sarah Jones asked me to as slow as possible I did the best I can which is a much gracias this has been a very stimulating and I hope that I will be able to join you the next time and that perhaps I will remember to bring a little bit warmer clothes this was quite the experience gracias well one person who taught me a great deal is a woman who was the mother of again friends and I think this really goes to just illustrate how important it is to have diversity within our lives not just as a concept but as a real kind of component of who we are culturally around September 11th I met a Chinese American woman and several other women actually but this woman in particular first of all I want to thank all the people gathered here today and during this meeting in doubles I have been very happy to be here but first I want to say as a non-native English speaker this woman who was just speaking before it was so fast so very fast I started to feel heart palpitations and a little bit shortness of breath too difficult but I think just to make that effort to understand one another even if it's not easy not my mother tongue I try to explain to people that you can have more productive meeting I am in business with my husband we have a company textile company but we do trade of course with United States many firms there I go to New York and I tell people listen more carefully before you just listen to accent really try to pause learn something about that culture not only how you want to do the business but also who are the people it may sound simple but can make huge difference to have the right attitude and I will tell you after the September 11 I remember one vendor small vendor I was working with they said I heard I heard them they did not know I can hear this I don't know how to do business with these people they said and we have too many immigrants here in America and I think if Statue of Liberty can talk today she will say too much no more we have no more room if you want to come you should come earlier so this woman does not know this have a impact maybe wrong kind of humor for me but I encourage people learn more so that whatever you bring to that conversation our discussion is more open more includes inclusive of people all people no matter how good is their English or not thank you I appreciate this opportunity chair chair so now you've met several of my global villagers and I will also say that as I became a good will ambassador for UNICEF which was at one of the high points of my career I continue to meet people around the world who again expanded my understanding of what empathy and humor can bring to crucial conversations about our geopolitical moment this new global context I'll give you one example I will just start by saying that I find that this meeting you know it's so gratifying to be here first of all as a human rights lawyer I am heartened by the way that the conversation continues to become further and further deepening into these notions of how do we really commit to a better world right so that is great stuff and I met Sara Jones when she is touring India doing that part of her UNICEF work she's a nice woman a bit tall but other than that we really see eye to eye if you know what I'm meaning but we share the same goal of just committing to helping the populations to help themselves the most vulnerable obviously we are focusing much of the time on the women and girls and well I want to say I'm grateful that is something here everyone is also committed to especially the women hello there you three four five no no I'm teasing it is getting better and better okay we want to encourage that right we are pleased with that but I release you all to the rest of the meeting I have learned so much I look forward to continuing that and there's just so much to take in as we have heard but I have to say also of course I am normally here to be quite serious but I believe the one of the most memorable parts of the Davos is the cracking good parties they are throwing so I'm pleased that we all made it here this morning but enjoy all of it we deserve that okay great and then there are the people I meet who definitely make me want to improve the world for all of us and make sure that we that we don't lose sight of what's most important but I'll let this person explain hi guys I'm first of all my name is Bella and I am just like so excited to be here right now I just wanted to quickly take like a selfie for my Instagram and my Twitter you guys should totally tweet me and you should totally tweet Sarah Jones too okay one second it's like world economic forum with all these like awesome people that you can see they're like amazing okay this is like totally all amazing it's like the time is even different here like people are like I saw you three Davos is ago it's awesome okay okay sorry I just wanted to like capture the moment and like I feel that like you guys are like so rad because you realize that like there's like a digital world revolution that like happened already I'm like I feel that like and I'm I'm really happy to say this but like it's so overwhelming how you guys like most of you were like born before the 90s I'm like you're still like doing it you're really like committed and I love that like even your session with the title of like I share therefore I am I totally get that yeah and I just feel that like you're obviously like super smart and like amazing people but also like yeah I don't think that you're older I mean you're not that you're old I just think of you as like chronologically advanced people and like that's why like I feel if you can like continue what you're doing like keeping it out there on Twitter Instagram if it's uncomfortable totally ask your kids they'll totally help you and like I'll see you there and I just feel that this whole thing has opened up my mind because I thought like you know like I came here and there's world leaders here like I totally met will I am so like I just think that's so awesome that you brought him like you're not this like gathering that's like restriculous which is like a word that I made that means like so strict it's ridiculous you guys are like totally open so I think that's really rad and amazing I'm totally gonna go to eat it right now bye guys so so I want to say you know sometimes on Sarah Jones will save me for you know towards the end I'm the only dude up here that she brought with her I don't know if that's a statement my name is Rashid she got me up here wearing a skirt I guess that's part of the new gender parody working on or whatever but you know me myself I heard the girls just mentioned will I am you know I'm a rapper myself I know I'm not the typical dude you will see here Davos you know I'm saying normally I'm in Brooklyn it's a little bit different but the traffic is starting to be the same though the traffic is starting to be the same but you know I just feel like first of all y'all could see that what I do I'm a rapper I hold the microphone in the official MC posture y'all can see that right there that's a dead giveaway rapper right there all right but you know for me actually I got a lot of passion for all these causes the environment the sustainability all that what y'all talking about I think that's real important you know I'm saying but also I'm not gonna lie this right here this is an environment I would like to sustain you know I'm saying for myself so I'm just very happy to be here for the opportunity we talked about all the things that's important to people all around the world so my homeboys whether they you know I'm saying wherever they might be in the world if you say peace I say peace y'all Lape or whatever like that you know I'm saying oh I'm working on it I'm working on the languages this is it's in development I got an app for that I got an app for that all right y'all enjoy the rest of the meeting peace yeah Lape La Paz all right and and there is one voice I did not want to miss I thought the opportunity to be here was too great and so in my remaining few moments I want you to meet someone who has changed my life and I think I think she's really grateful that you all have changed hers this week I'm gonna start by saying that I have never seen anything like this in my life if you had told me a little African American girl who was not allowed to drink from the water fountain like the other people the white people where I came from that one day I will be here in this crowd of distinguished people I would never believe you and I know we have to talk about comedy and humor it can I heard Sarah Jones say it can cleanse your palate so that you won't be afraid to taste a little bit of what's bitter and difficult and I've been living on the streets a long time you know I don't have teeth like y'all beautiful people anymore and that is a lot of people like me out there in the world most people out there in the world where there's real degeneral or Joe Henniesburg or Paris Shanghai I know this all places y'all seen before in real life I only seen it in a picture but I'm gonna tell you that to me that's my global village is everybody who have to live like me and if I could say one thing to you while I'm here I want you to know whether you call it Paul or homeless we human beings and now I think homeless the wrong word for it anyway because long as I know I am part of the human family I am part of the global village I'm always gonna have me a home inside I don't have no place to go at night but that just make me houseless I believe we could change this so everybody has access to real opportunity and I pray with all y'all scientists whether you pray or not whether you call it God or science I hope that something including people like you will have to change this world so that we all know our true home and that we are our neighbors in this global village fellow villagers some of us didn't get opportunity like others but we deserve our place in the village as well thank y'all for giving me a chance to speak on this stage I'm honored thank y'all and I echo miss lady I am deeply honored to have been here thank you for giving me this time thank you so much for this meal


Hey, it's Think Tank. It's a three o'clock block. It's Energy in America. It's Lou Puliarisi, the CEO of E-Princk in Washington, an Energy Think Tank, and he joins us to discuss the question of the day. Is it getting better or getting worse? Hi, Lou, how are you? I'm good. You might argue, why are you Energy in America folks looking at the pandemic and the virus, but so much of the structure of gasoline demand, fuel demand, the future of the aviation energy jet fuel, all the things we worry about are tied to the rate at which we come out of this thing. And we're kind of big data people. We like to look at data. We tend to look at it without prejudice. And so I thought we would take another whack at this thing. We're not epidemiologists, but we know quite a few and we pestered them quite a bit and to reveal what we want to do. So why don't we first, let's just get to it. And the first thing I want to talk about, I've got a series of slides here, but I can just talk folks through them very quickly, is first, how should we think about the pandemic? And before I want to, before we get to this, I want to know that we live in an unprecedented era of access to data. We had nothing like this. In 1957-58, we had a variant of the Asian flu in the US, killed about 100,000 people, depends on the estimate, which would be closer to 200,000 today. We didn't shut down the economy. We didn't know a lot. We fumbled around. But today, of course, people say, well, the epidemic is just a matter of science. Okay, I agree with that. But in practice, it's also statistics, mathematics, modeling, forecasting. And when I say we, I mean all of us because of the internet, because of the widespread distribution of data and access to it, we have unprecedented access to a whole bunch of stuff. Data on hospitalization, ICUs, deaths, recoveries, categories by age, comorbidity geographies. We have lots of stuff on drug studies, past and ongoing, in vitro and in vivo. Studying treatments and therapies. We've got dozens of case studies on complete populations. Where are you looking? You're looking at your screen. Where do you get this from? What do you mean? Where did I get the data? Where did I get these? Yeah. Look, these data's on the, you could go to CDC, World Health Organization, every state public health authority is publishing data, worldometers. I mean, we could spend the next two hours going through a long list of data sources. They're out there. They take some effort to pull together to assemble and to look at them, to discuss them with other experts in the field. We have lots of studies on complete, so-called complete populations, right? Cruise ships, prisons, right? We got data on antibody results, tracking millions of people across the globe. And we have data on the AB, sensitivity and susceptibility, these different kinds of ways we test people. And a lot of the problem with testing is what statisticians call type one, type two error. You could test some people and you have a high number of false positives or a high number of false negatives, right? So the testing is, you know, people say, we just test a lot of people and we can do that, but we have to repeat the test. And then we have alternative data sets that help us reach what we think are unbiased conclusions, right? So that's what I want to talk about today, because I think a lot of this is wrapped up in politics and emotions. And no one, it's really hard to take a hard-headed look at it and say, well, the COVID is here. It's not going away for a while. We'll ultimately get some vaccine. So the question is, how should we think about it? How should we think about it? Is the, you know, we started down with these lockdowns, but even Neil Ferguson and Liam, in the very famous Imperial College study, which said the US would have 2 million deaths and Britain would have 500,000, he did say a lockdown would only say a significant number of lives it was kept in place indefinitely until there was a vaccine, which would be more than 18 months. But for many reasons, a lockdown is unacceptable. It's just unacceptable by the economic damage it causes now. What do you mean by lockdown when you use the term in that context? What is it? Lockdown is don't open the schools, don't let anyone travel, don't open the hotels, stay in your room, stay in your, don't go to work, stay, you know, unless you're kind of a very specialized area. Severe lockdown. We had it here in Washington for a long time. I think a lockdown is, it's a relative term. And I think, you know, originally, I think it signified complete closure. But I don't think it signifies that anymore. For example, there are essential workers here in Hawaii. There are many categories of essential workers. I mean, just to start with, you have the health workers themselves. Well, they're essential. You're not going to lock them down. And then, you know, there are various exceptions to that. And the exceptions, when we first started doing this loop, there were very few exceptions. But then somebody would squawk and say, you know, I really need the pharmacy to be open. I need food, you know, all these essential activities. A list of exceptions has gotten much more nuanced, much more sophisticated. And so when you say lockdown today, I think lockdown is, is capable of, you know, a multiple nuance changes. But it should be based on the science of what's most effective at the margin. Because in the end, there are trade-offs.   But of course, we can have massive protests because that's okay. Yeah, but that may be happening, but it's not a good idea. So, but let me just, let's go through the process here, go to the next picture here. So I think that the part of the problem is that there is this sense that there are only two paths out of this pandemic, right? Either we get a vaccine or we get herd immunity. But we think this is a false choice. And we think the most likely outcome is the third and different path that COVID-19 is, is a reach, they're very approaching what we call a disease breakpoint in the U.S. and Europe, such that the population spread is now, it's kind of on a decline, an inexorable decline. You know, even think about flu shots, I think flu shots is a good one, right? We have, every year we have flu shots and sometimes they hit and sometimes they miss, right? Because you have to kind of anticipate what the variant of the strain is, right? But if we look at flu shots, we find out that even when we miss the strain, right, they tend to collapse at about 10 to 15 percent of the population is infected. By the way, the seasonal flu, which reaches a kind of immunity every year, never reaches what we call herd immunity of 45 to 50 percent. And by the way, even the Spanish flu, right, it had an RO, you know, an infectious rate of 2.0, pretty high, right? So the herd threshold was 55 to 60 percent. But we know from the historical record that the Spanish flu spread collapsed quite quickly when 20 percent of the people had been infected. So let's, a moment on one of those two options you mentioned, and that is herd immunity. You know, people talk about that, they tried that in Sweden, I don't think it worked. Actually, the Swedish data, the Swedish data is not that bad. The Swedish data, I don't have the worldometer, I can pull it up here if you want to, but the worldometer on deaths per million in Sweden is much below ours, much below New York, New Jersey or Massachusetts. Everybody's below ours. But let me say this. That's the first, it's very important. If you're going to use and talk about things, you have to look at the data. It's really bad when people say, oh, whoa, it's me, we're terrible. If you look at the data, we are below many European countries. We are above many other places in the world. We are above every Asian country. Yes, we're above, yes. Including China, by the way. Of course, China, we have no idea. We have no idea what the numbers are in China. And they are different. To go back to the point, I want to make this point. So you talk about herd immunity. Herd immunity assumes that if you have the disease, you will thereafter be immune. That's not true. Wait, wait, wait. What we have found is that you can get it twice. If you can get it twice, then the first time doesn't necessarily prevail, give you immunity. Actually, this is a more, and we could do a program on this, and we could bring it up a few minutes, but this has to do with both T cell and antibodies. Let's go through the talk before we get that. That is a false choice. Maybe a few people didn't have it the right place. But basically, you have a form of immunity. It may fade over time. It may not be long lasting. But the notion that there's widespread recurrence of this disease among people who really had it is actually BS. And the science supports that. All I'm going on is the fact that you can get it twice. It doesn't matter when, it doesn't matter how long the interim is, you can get it twice. And that makes the notion of herd immunity a flawed notion. Well, you don't need herd immunity. That's why we're going to get to it. We're going to take care of this disease way below herd immunity. So let's take a look at some data. So let's look at some specific examples, right? And if you look on complete population surveys, they sort of support this view that the breakpoint is way below 55 or 60% or even your bizarre notion that there's no herd immunity. That lots of people can get it again. This is a ridiculous idea.  So let's look at some real data. On the Diamond Prison's cruise ship, 51% of the confirmed cases were asymptomatic. On the Greg Mortimer cruise ship in Uruguay, 81% of the confirmed cases were asymptomatic. At the Tyson's food plant, right, 199 infections in one of its packing plants, 198 were asymptomatic. In a documented study in Italy, 4,326 cases were identified via contact tracing. They found that nearly 70% of them were asymptomatic and never developed any symptoms, right? If you look at a review of 3,300 COVID positive inmates in four U.S. jails, right? They had an asymptomatic rate of 96%. So based on these and other data, we can speculate, okay? I don't want to, shouldn't trade on this. This is not medical advice, right? This is kind of what we do as people that handle data, that the COVID asymptomatic rate is probably 75% of infections. So for each symptomatic C19 infection, there are probably four times who are asymptomatic. So if you combine these estimates for symptomatic and asymptomatic, it gives you a multiply anywhere from 24 to 40. We've got about four plus million confirmed cases. It may suggest, it may suggest that over a third of Americans now have some kind of infection-acquired specific resistance to COVID-19. Could be T-cells or it could be antibiotics. What I think I hear you saying in all of that is that if at some point in the course of the disease, you don't show symptoms, then you never actually get to symptoms and you never get to disease such as would kill you. But I don't think that's true. You can be asymptomatic for a while and then the virus builds up in your body and then all of a sudden you have real serious symptoms. So I don't think you could assume that somebody who is asymptomatic at one point in the process continues to be asymptomatic. Right. We can sit here and tell lots of anecdotes about a young person that got sick and died, but that's all, you know, that's interesting, but it's not data. It's an example. I appreciate the data, but I think logic ultimately must prevail. Well, logic prevails, but if the logic is resisting the data, there's something wrong with the logic, you know. If you have a forecasting model and that model is always wrong. Are you telling me this data that shows that somebody who is asymptomatic at one point remains asymptomatic through the course of the disease? And what percentage of the people who catch the disease? Almost everybody who's asymptomatic probably has what's called a T-cell immunity, not an antibiotic, which is a different thing. Okay. That's why even people who don't test positive for antibodies may have a new innate immunity from their T cells to the disease. That doesn't answer the question though. The question is whether they show symptoms later. I'm unaware that that's a big issue. I'm unaware. I have seen our data that shows that. We don't see that in the data. Okay. Maybe it's out there. I'm sure there's some examples. Okay. So that's not determined one way or the other by the data, is that what you're saying? It is. They would show up as being sick. They have to be. I'm asking whether you have data that shows that somebody who is asymptomatic in one part of the disease remains asymptomatic through the course of the disease. I don't think the data shows that. I think the data actually does show that. If you're asymptomatic, it means that your that your innate immune system is doing the work, not the antibodies. Your T cells are knocking it out. And so now there may be issues of viral load and things like that. But basically we can measure people who are going to the hospital. We have data. We know about hospitalizations. We know how many people go to the hospital. We know what percentage of this growing number that's quote, infected, is showing up in the hospital. Sounds like we need an epidemiologist here. Because you know, the talk about asymptomatic shedding of the virus is certainly related to the epidemiology of it and people getting sick from those who are not showing symptoms. But I also think there's plenty of data to show that ultimately the virus gets in your lungs.  So because you weren't showing you know, any symptoms on point A, doesn't mean you escape it through Z. You very well may die. If it were a serious, if your theory, if that's what it is, or your thesis were correct, it should show up in the hospital data or the death data. Okay. It should show up there. It's not showing up there. Okay. Based on the historical... You don't know when they walk in the hospital that they were asymptomatic on day one and then 10 days later they're sick enough to go to a hospital. You don't know. You can't make that distinction. No, but I mean, I can find that data. I'm almost positive that that... You're going down a black hole here for which there is no support. That the people are... Lots of people have innate immunity to this thing. That's one of the reasons why Asia is doing a lot better, by the way. They have been exposed to these variants in the past and they have T-cell. This reminds me of that movie with Woody Allen and Marshall McLuhan, where these two guys were on a movie line and they were arguing about some sophisticated issue. And Woody says, well, let's resolve this. We'll just... We'll call Marshall McLuhan out and we'll ask him the specific question. And Marshall McLuhan comes right out behind a sandwich sign and he answers the question. That's why I brought with me, Lou. I brought my epidemiologist. Everybody should have one. Next time. Next time. Now we have a little rule, right? If you're going to make an argument, bring data. If you're not bringing data, we don't really want to talk to you because... I'll go with the logic side of this. You can have the data. Okay, so let's look about this issue one more picture here. Heard immunity versus the breakpoint, which this is really kind of good news, right? So herd immunity is a kind of specific resistance in a population required for the disease to fully disappear. COVID-19 is not going to fully disappear. But the disease breakpoint is the level of specific resistance in a population which the spread of the disease collapses, which is one-third or less than herd immunity. And we have plenty of instances of this in the historical record. The next thing is herd immunity assumes what we call homogeneity of actors and outcomes. That infection, specific arrest, social, you know, specific resistance, and individuals are all equally distributed. That's what things don't understand. That's like evenly distributed all through society. We don't have these pockets of people who are immune, pockets who are not immune. So we know that some... Are you saying when you put all this together it's going to go away? It is going to go away. You know what? A year from now, you'll be talking about whether Joe Biden's cognitive skills are up to when he's present. But where's the data on that? I mean that's what Trump says and he has no data for his remarks. It's going to magically disappear. Is that what you're saying? I'm just telling you, a year from now we're going to be talking about something else. Write it on your calendar. Okay, I'll write it on my calendar, but none of us is going to be wrong about that. No, I want you to write it down. I want you to write it down. Loose bag. 2021 in August, no one's going to want to talk about COVID. You're excluding the possibility of a vaccine, is that right? That's not on the table here for this discussion. We're going to have better treatments, we're going to have a vaccine, and we're going to have breakpoint. We're going to have immunity from breakpoint and resistance. I just want to just make sure your audience understands the difference between herd immunity and what we call a breakpoint. A breakpoint is a level of specific resistance in which the spread of the disease collapses. Some, as we say, we know already some populations are highly vulnerable. In fact, I have some data here from the COVID-19 tracker from First Trust. If you look at this, it's still highly concentrated in the geyser population, people like me. Probably not you, you're a young guy, but I mean people are 64 and older. It's the geysers, we need to protect the geysers. So some populations are highly vulnerable, nursing homes, others are highly resistant, young people. We know this, young people are highly resistant to this thing. But they are spreaders, Lou. They have been found to be huge virus spreaders. They're out there on the beach drinking without masks, having a big party, rubbing shoulders, having a wild time, and they're spreading that among themselves and then into the community. That is one of the reasons we have all these spikes in how many most of the states of this nation have these spikes, because the young people are out there ignoring any advice. And the reason they're ignoring advice is they're not getting specific accurate advice. They're getting confusing advice. So I think the reason, let me just get back to my break point. I'm sorry that people are misbehaving themselves. There's nothing I can do about that. But I'm just saying is that the disease break, if you have a disease break point model, it explains how the outbreaks evolve. The system spikes then collapses far quicker than herd immunity model, right? And super spreaders become super suppressants. That's very important to understand. So it can't spread anywhere because they're these super suppressants, people who do not get it and do not transmit it. So you got data on that? We do have some data on that and we need to do more work on this, right? So if you look at Europe and the U.S., we've probably reached the disease break point in March and April. And it's peaked and I think actually I can argue that it's on a revocable decline. That's a revocable decline. I want you to go back to the SARS 2003 outbreak in Hong Kong, right? And people are all out there saying, I'm looking for when you're going to flip the switch and it's okay, right? But what happens is it's not a flip the switch moment or that we have a vaccine or we reached herd immunity. Instead, there's a gradual realization in the population that things are okay again and we can finally bit by bit just come out into the light. That's what's going to happen. When will we know? When will we know? There's not going to be, it's just going to be a gradual thing. Now governments can screw it up. Governments like the state of Hawaii can continue to postpone tourism and they have a view that they can lock down this thing and disrupt millions of people's lives and blow up the state economy. They can do that, but it's not an effective strategy. I can just tell you, I'm absolutely convinced of that. So you don't think we want, we think we're going to open it up then. I have no problem. We're going to pay attention to getting the economy going again, is that what you're saying? Absolutely. It's a huge mistake. Before we've solved the COVID problem. You want to wait? We're all going to be poor. Listen. Well, I like to go on record about that. I'd rather be poorer than dead. Dead is not nearly as much fun as being poor. Right. But if you think living in a cave with your, living in a cave and your whole economic welfare has been destroyed, if you think that's an outcome the American people really want, when we've had these, we've had these epidemics in the past, I think you're mistaken. And I think people who believe that are mistaken. Well, that's why I want to go back to the definition of lockdown. I think all these things can happen at the same time. You can, you can tune lockdown so that it's really not that threatening. You can make enforceable rules about mass and social distancing, about testing and tracing, which we have not done. We have not done that. And so I find the whole discussion of reopening inappropriate and way premature, way premature. And that's what got us into this trouble in the first place. I will never forget how surprised I was when I saw your president get up there and say, time to reopen. We're all done. We're all finished. We've licked this thing when there was no indication of that, no data at all to support that. And then of course reopening is what led us to where we are now. And we still haven't solved the public health problem. We're still in crisis. There's no evidence that the lockdown's been that effective. Any lockdown anyway. Social distancing, washing your hands, perhaps wearing a mask in the right kinds of conditions. The lockdown, I'm sorry, I think it went, and I hope we have a national commission to study this thing, independent national commission to look how we got it, how it came here, what measures we were taking. So time for that. We're in an emergency. We're in crisis. I've thought that, but eventually this is going to go away. Okay, I'll tell you what. Why don't you frame up where we are? And take a minute. We're kind of out of time. Where we are as far as your data, your analysis. If you look at the very last picture, you can see that in the U.S., about 14 states account for 68% of the new cases in the seven days through August 4th. But the seven day moving average is on the decline. None of this data to me suggests this is an epidemic blowing out of control. It's starting to hit its breakthrough. And I believe over the next six months, as I said, I'm predicting now I want you, I want to go on the record. Next August, no one's going to even want to talk about COVID-19. They're going to be talking about Joe Biden's attempts to close down the Keystone pipeline or something else. This is going to be old news at this time. If I'm wrong, I'll buy you a steak dinner, but I am so sure that I will be right and you'll have to buy me a steak. As you are sure, I am sure. Thank you, Lou. You may notice, the audience may notice that Lou and I do not necessarily come at these issues from the same direction, but we so enjoy testing each other. Thank you, Lou. Always great. I know we're going to be talking about this again. Always. Thank you so much.


What's going on guys got Kyle here late in sports guards, and we're ripping 2023 tribute baseball six box number 25 now Did a randomizer before the break guys? We'll show you the results here had swaggy with the Mets down to Corey with the Guardians Good luck here guys. Let's see what we got on tribute. This is case 25 random team style got a division's case coming up next number 26 Appreciate everybody hanging out with us tonight grabbing some spots up We'll have more breaks tomorrow starting with Sam in the morning Then we'll have Matt coming back here at five o'clock Eastern. He'll be doing a group or just personals over on our main channel late in channel two and then forest on This channel he will be doing group breaks starting at five. So plenty of group breaks and personals tomorrow guys Plenty plenty. We are getting pretty close to full. We might be full I might get a little bit behind after these a couple breaks. I got to type in a bunch of names for football and all that so Might be a couple minutes behind so we won't have too much time for personals tonight But like I was saying Matt will have all day tomorrow Starting at five go to about midnight Korea base First auto is to 150 rookie auto blue Shea Langlears ace First auto Good luck here guys It is fun man. This is the first couple cases. I'm getting the rip here Say green to 99 Jock Peterson. I would love to see one of the one of the cut-offs you're talking about William I would love to There's a Corey Seeger base Got auto this one is to 99 Josh Smith rookie Rangers Josh Smith and Stamps of approval Jersey, this is Boba shit both lows to 50 blue Jays got a Frank Thomas base Jita You shot Jeter the Yankee Clipper and Auto, this is Olympus auto to 100 Frank Thomas Tell you didn't know that one Frank Thomas to 100 sure that's from the other guys as Will Ferrell and Walburn, which was that? Right in the beginning He's a Walburn's at the desk because he was the Yankee Clipper They called him because he shot Jeter He was doing a Yankees like security and Jeter came down the came down the tunnel with like a headphones on You just tell him to get down and so he's like you shot Jeter. That's why you're on the desk The Yankee Clipper There's a verlander there dual relics Astros number 225 nice verlander there dual game used Astros Yeah, I love those. Those Olympics are really cool, man. Those Olympics are really cool The big hurt. There's a Babe Ruth base base bait Jonathan India and cubbies We've got to 199 rookie auto Christopher Morel nice one there cubbies on the rookie auto Couple Morel so far got the kid Ken Griffey Mariners Got a base Louise Louise Robert and a DJ La Mayhew got the dirty game used patch there on the top Nice got some clay on there now when it's number 250 Yankees. It's Alvin I feel like clay would be harder than dirt, right? Yeah, like doesn't that hurt when they have to like slide and stuff? Yeah, it probably doesn't feel great. I don't think Probably doesn't feel great. I've never I've never done it though. Yeah me either. So I don't know the baseball guy So I was gonna go out to a random park I'm just starting to slide and feel me watching like what the heck is that guy on CJ Abrams base He's just running the bases all day long Steve Kwan. The only one there. Yeah, right and triple relic is Tatis game Use their Padres Tatis to 199 You a White Sox fan J? Blue Bob was hitting those uh, those homers in that homerun derby about the space. It's a Bobby Whip There's Salvador Perez Base and Otto is gonna be rookie Otto. It's a 50. Gabe Moreno That one is for the Blue Jays. Blue Jays game Moreno Brian Hayes base George Brett Yeah, that's true Carl if you get the right angle probably you're not too bad There's a team card there Dodgers that is Freddie Freeman and Mookie on the dual game use jerseys nice one They're Dodgers to 199 We're past some angles Got it got to get your get your math right. There's just scrims you to 99 green Get a protractor and everything's got there. There's a measure. There's a Luis Castillo and rookie got Riley green a rookie base And our autos to 199 rookie Otto Oswald Paraza Hair on that one Paraza to 99 rookie Yankees base O'Neal Cruz base Wander We're not seeing as a rookie still I'll get there soon And the Rendon maybe for the angels there stamp of approval jersey number to 199 angels get the biggest raspberry That sounds about right two holes there on the Cardinals Got Mount Castle base and Otto this one is to 150 blue Otto Travis Swaggerty Pirates Hey, what's up Matt? No, I'm actually not going me Sam and Matt'll be back here.  So we'll be ripping here from Orlando Forest Lane Sean will be there Rich rich rich Sarah and Rocco will be there. So got a good crew going for sure. Definitely got to go say what's up to them There's a Tati space Mookie and this one is John Carlo Stanton's stamps of approval jersey number to 99 That is a Stanton Yankees Yeah, I would like to go man. It was fun a couple years ago. I went in Chicago Chicago is a great city for the national There's the Pudge base Nolan Ryan I like that it's in Rosemont, too. It's all kind of contained in one area. You don't got to go too far This is Shea Lane gliers to 199 ain't or a sorry a's on the rookie Otto a's Yes, sir Matt. Yes, sir can have a can of them without Sean got a green to 99 Luba Christian Yelich And a Cattel Marte on the dual relics there to 25 to bat relics there for the d-backs It's in two weeks Carl. It's at the end of this month. So the 27th or so through August something or other Pretty a pretty exact math there, but there's a sandy Alcantara. It's it's definitely in two weeks. Carl Corbin burns at the end of this month There's a Carlton Fisk that is a pudge as his nickname Did not know that I'm thinking of another pudge there That's going to be white socks on the Carlton Fisk nickname Otto To 99 that you go white socks. Is there a pudge Rodriguez?  Okay That's the pudge I think of yeah, there's Miguel Cabrera Tigers Chisholm And Francisco Alvarez this one is number to 75 nice one there Mets yellow rookie Yeah, Sean's been going to a lot of our uh He went to Vegas. He's been to uh that sgc event. We did he's the uh, he's the face of Layton gotta be Ooh, we got a baseball relic there game used for Correa That one is eight out of 10 nice hit there um Astros that is the milestone relic You have to check that one out see what that baseball is from You get that one astros very nice there to 10 Correa on the baseball relic that's cool Fisk was the og pudge. Oh, I'm sure Use a good bit before Yvonne for sure. There's uh Sean Murphy Bryce Harper And Otto to 150 Kanan Smith and jigba pirates rookie Otto Oh does it reflux says first career home run game somewhere on there That's pretty sweet Like right above the baseball. It's right under his name right under his name first career home run game. That's wow. That is really cool. Yeah It's Correa, right? Yeah, wow That's really cool. That's really cool for the astros. I like that Got green to 99 this one's chipper really quick back in the card June June 9th 2015 crunches first homer to run drive in the ninth inning for houston's only tallies against the white socks Nice Yeah, so I'll be his first uh home run ball. That's really cool Pasquettino there to 99 rookie royals. I probably want to keep that if I was correa That reminds me like this reminds me of The the soccer the putera. Oh, yeah You can see some wild relics in there. Yeah It's a ricky hinderson and this one is seya sezuki purple But it's more of the fact of like they like date it and they tell you Yeah, yeah, you can look up that sticker for sure and it'll say exactly where it's from. I like those stickers Yeah, there's a purple stamps of approval out to vey 250 astros Yeah, I didn't know that reflux. That's really cool. I missed that part of the card Cards with like those kind of like history facts are always so cool There's judgy Tim anderson base And fillies on the auto to 150. This is ryan howard the subway man ryan howard to 150 Like it's a it's a very overprint insert, but like the highlights from don rusk I like them just because of the they have some kind of historic. Yeah, I know what you mean like piazza piazza got a good mustache in that picture There's miguel cabrera dual relics there tigers To 199 another acetate card valet me vladimir guerrero got wilson contrasts base And auto this is iconic perspectives number to 25 is going to be dale murphy Uh braves there dale murphy on the orange iconic perspectives acetate Nice one there braves I like those cards as well. I think the olympus might be my favorite for the uh, those are all uh hall of famers I believe javi bayez one soda base And we've got a mookie there on the triple relic game used dodgers Dodgers to 75 mookie box five Yeah, there's some really really cool stuff reflux for sure man Some stuff you wouldn't expect either Obviously they got the cuts like the really high-end stuff the cuts and all that you can get the uh Matt had one yesterday. It was a uh a buyback vintage card. They had a like framed up I guess that's a box topper. Um, so every once in a while you'll see one of those two. Those are sweet face mike schmitty sedric mullins And auto this one is to 140 corbin burns interesting numbering there to 140 Rukku burns Yeah, they do seem to a little more novocaine Good because they have more time on their hands, you know Do a little more better job lu garig their base hermon marquez And uh, uh, no one gorm in there. I thought it was natto Nolan gorm in there not aeronado their game used rookie, uh cardinals that one said 99 99 and 99 It's gorman relics Here's an olympus It is a 25 roger clemens on the olympus orange auto Nice one there red socks Oh roger It's a 25 on the olympus. Oh, those are sweet looking man a rod their base Jose Ramirez Uh weed bogs there um o l y m p us There's a dual machado tatis both game used there for the podge race machado tatis to 75 mark mcguire base And auto this one is a 75 wit marifield blue jays Blue jays on the auto jose ramirez there is orange the 25 Nice one guardians Two time all start There's a jackie and nice one o's We've got auto to 99. This one is adley rushman nice one there o's on the uh rookie auto to 99 will mag this one Go orials And polar bear there mr. Alonzo on the game used memorabilia number two to 199 you go mets peter Righty guys and box number six Good luck. Good luck. This was tribute six box case number 25 Alrighty guys. Good luck Got number 26 coming up next random division style Random divisions next see a sozuki base Base is bob gibson Another vaughn card It is jason veretech again number this uh 175 Red sox Veretech I don't know if it was hember euclis. That's from orlando, but one of them was Think it might be euclis So you could tell marty jake the grom base And this is mani machado. There's stamps of approval now when it's to 99 Nice machado game use relic. Here we go carl Carl likes it too There's a cunha there base Voids and rookie this one is bret baby Bret baby rookie not a lot of rookies in this set the base rookies I don't know how short printed they are but Who nice one there or is it 25 is a rookie shea langleers This might be our third langleers there for the a's freddy freeman base Got bretman and this is auto tori hunter to 99 nice one there twins Twins on the tori hunter auto green in 99 And another green to 99. It's another padre's dual car machado and tautis A little bit dirty on that bottom one 99 dual relics padre's and two packs left. Good luck guys Two cards in this one To 150 we have hosie barrios auto blue jays And a shawn murphy. This one is yellow to 75 Been killing it for the braves shawn murphy got a shohei base angels Yastrinsky and a pita lanzo base And on the back we have triple relics game use memorabilia sammy sosa Cubs there on the sammy To one 99 bat relic in two jerseys. All right guys. We'll do a quick um auto recap here We'll keep on moving to number 26 next division style tribute. Been loving the tribute man. Let's keep it going blue to 150 barrios Torrey hunter langleers auto jason veritek got a roger clements a 25 olympus auto merafield Corbin burns dale murphy to 25 We've got a ryan howard a 150 pascatino smith and jigba got a Pudge there carlton fisk pudge white socks Shea langleers again swaggerty Parazza rookie Yankees morano morel there's a To 100 olympus auto big hurt frank To 99 josh smith rookie langleers to 150 and to 99. We had adley ruchman on the rookie auto Green nice one there orials All ready there friends that'll do it for tribute six box number 25 get 26 going in just a minute


For those of you that tuned in to CNN's five town halls on Monday night, you'd know that the Boston bomber came up Now the reason why he came up was specifically because we were talking about Voting rights and the expansion of suffrage to prisoners now as a progressive I was incredibly pleased to see candidates being asked about voting rights Specifically for prisoners the problem is that the way that the CNN hosts who asked these questions Framed it was so that way no matter how you answered the question It was lose lose if you said that you support prisoners rights in terms of them being able to vote Well, then it looked as if you were sympathetic towards the Boston bomber and had some strange affinity for him However, if you said that you don't support the rights of prisoners voting then Clearly it shows that you're not very progressive And you're not savvy and you're clearly not knowledgeable about this particular issue and why it's important for us to expand Voting rights to 100% of the population now I want to show you the answers that the three candidates gave who were asked this question I think the right to vote is inherent to our democracy. Yes, even for terrible people people who are in Convicted in prison like the Boston Marathon bomber on death row people who are convicted of sexual assault They should be able to vote. I think we should have that conversation while incarcerated. Yeah, no, I don't think so So who's right here? Well, obviously Bernie Sanders is the most right He answered in a very principled way and even though he knew he was going to be smeared because of this answer He held true to principle because obviously I think he was cognizant of the fact that they were trying to Headline farm. They were fishing for a particular headline and they got exactly what they wanted now Kamala Harris She didn't necessarily shut out the possibility. She said, this is a conversation that we should have I kind of see that as a dodge But nonetheless, she was still lumped in with Bernie Sanders Pete Buddha judge. He just is flat out wrong Because the thing about this year, even if he got applause from the audience It communicates to me that he doesn't actually know enough about voting rights or he simply doesn't care about voting rights But nonetheless, we'll get into that But I want to look at the headlines that were produced after this town hall was finished filming the national review rights Sanders and Harris we should restore the Boston Marathon bombers voting rights The Hill states 2020 candidates say Boston Marathon bomber should be able to vote from prison And of course they have a photograph of him. They're framing this as Bernie Sanders and Kamala Harris specifically want the Boston bomber to be able to vote just him So do you see what's happening? They're distracting you from a really complex nuanced and important conversation that we should be having as a country Now what CNN did here was they teed up an attack on these Democratic Party primary contenders and then Fox News Did exactly what you'd expect them to do they smeared Bernie Sanders and Kamala Harris and made it seem as if they are now Pro-terrorist does this mean that you would support in franchising people like the Boston Marathon bomber a convicted terrorist and murderer I do believe that even if they are in jail, they're paying their price to society But that should not take away their inherent American right to participate in our democracy Well, our next guest was so one of the first firefighters to respond to the Boston Marathon bombing which killed three people and injured more than 260 the Democrats tackle stuff that truly matters can our terrorists here still vote Terrible people. So how terrible is Sanders talking about cannibals? Convicted spies.  Oh Yes, said Bernie Sanders. They get the vote too.  So do you understand what's happening? Do you see how the media is incredibly disingenuous and how they can? monopolize a particular Discussion to reframe it to make someone who they don't like look bad. Do you see what's happening here? This is exactly what priming looks like It's when the media deliberately creates a narrative that makes you think about a certain political issue in a very specific way So that way when you start thinking about the possibility of letting prisoners vote You're now thinking about this in terms of the Boston bomber So whenever we talk about voting rights whenever we talk about universal suffrage whenever we talk about consolidating democracy and making our democracy more equitable and opening it up so everyone has representation This is what they want you to think about the Boston bomber. So this is how propaganda works This is how the media can completely retool a specific subject in order to serve a very specific purpose and Understand that it's not just voting rights where they can use this argument This is applicable to basically any universal or redistributive economic policy They can say oh, well you support Medicare for all. Does that mean that you support Medicare for all for pedophiles and rapists? You support free college. Does that mean that you support free college for? Sex offenders as well. Do you see what they're doing here? They want you to deny yourself and all of society justice So that way we can make sure that the people who are the worst in society don't benefit But this is not a very intelligent way to be talking about voting rights And it's why other countries have expanded voting rights And they now allow prisoners to vote and that includes Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Israel Ireland Norway Spain And Sweden just to name a few and in fact Norway literally allows prisoners to partake in television debates because they focus more on Rehabilitation and second chances than punishing people which is what we do in the United States And I want to share a couple of tweets that really demonstrate that there's an inherently hypocritical undertone with this entire Conversation because to suggest that Bernie Sanders who's taking a pro Democracy stance here is in the wrong It undermines what they've been trying to promote at that very same town hall remember that a supposedly centrist individual from Harvard asked him why he wants Soviet-style authoritarian communism in the United States So they're saying that he's authoritarian, but simultaneously He wants to expand democracy Do you understand how they're trying to use two different smears that actually are mutually exclusive and conflict with one another as This tweet puts it Bernie takes heat from people who wrongly conflate Socialism with authoritarianism and then the same people attack him for saying people in jail should maintain their right to vote Pick a lane and then this tweet from me also highlights the absurdity Dick Cheney George W. Bush and Henry Kissinger are mass Murderers that still have the right to vote, but nobody seems outraged about that Nobody who seems outraged by this people like Megan McCain They don't want the Boston bomber to vote and they think that we should make sure that all prisoners are not allowed to vote Just to make sure that the Boston bomber specifically is denied the right to vote But with that being said, they're perfectly fine with war criminals who have the blood of innocence on their hand Thousands of innocence on their hands those people can vote those people can walk freely in society Dick Cheney George W. Bush who should be in prison for the rest of their lives because of the war crimes that they committed George W. Bush and Dick Cheney literally catalyzed the Civil War in Iraq. They are responsible directly for thousands hundreds of thousands of deaths and nobody has a problem with them voting So if you are against murderers voting then you actually do have to be consistent here But really I don't even want to go down that path because this isn't about whether or not we should allow murderers to vote This is a broader conversation that we're having about voting rights And I want to share a thread on Twitter from an individual who does a phenomenal job explaining how this isn't about the Boston Marathon bomber. This is about how our racially biased criminal justice system Targets black and brown Americans quote what annoys me about this question is that about three in every 1,000 rapes result in jail time most rapists never lose the eligibility to vote So incarcerated people having the right to vote isn't about terrible people voting It's about whether you believe people who are disproportionately oppressed by an unjust system still deserve to elect their representative I think yes I reject the idea of Depending on an unjust system that is racist sexist genderist Classist etc to determine who is eligible to vote or not by that logic naturally richer and whiter rapists basically never have to worry about losing the right to vote because they're like never Incarcerated but the poor black and brown ones. Sorry no votes for you We have rapists in our governments schools police forces churches cough white house cough They're everywhere and they vote and don't get me started on low conviction rates for pedophiles So the overall point is that terrible people will vote no matter what but you need to make a choice Do you care more about democracy or do you care about punishing the people who were caught committing crimes? People who oftentimes are black and brown and get locked up at a higher rate than their white peers I want to share some more stats that I think really paint a more broad picture So the United States has more people in jail per capita than any other Country the prison population Exploded as a result of bad policies past such as the war on drugs and the war on crime The number of people in jail for drug-related offenses increased Exponentially since 1980 the number of people serving life sentences has also increased and blacks and Latinos are locked up at far Higher rates than their white counterparts now on top of that the prison population is counted in census data Which means that same data that counts prisoners is used to draw congressional districts, but yet they don't get to vote So we're literally seeing Effectively the repeat of the three-fifths clause and people are a okay with it And I think Bernie Sanders also demonstrates how felon disenfranchisement is another form of voter suppression South Carolina has a higher incarceration rate than any country on earth African-Americans are 27% of the state population, but 60% of the prison population our racist criminal justice system Disenfranchises millions. This is quite simply voter suppression now on top of that There's a legal and I think constitutionally sound argument for allowing prisoners the right to vote as Cory Bretschneider of Politico reports telling prisoners They cannot vote is premised on the idea that convicts undergo a sort of temporary civic death a suspension of normal rights as citizens While they are behind bars and indeed that was once true of prisoners in this country But the federal government has made strides away from the notion of civic death over the past century in recent years The Supreme Court and Congress have affirmed a variety of constitutional rights for prisoners They have rights of religious freedom under a 2000 federal law Prisoners also retain some First Amendment free speech rights to hold and express political opinions Most important the Supreme Court decided that prisoners cannot have their citizenship stripped as a punishment for a crime as Justice Earl Warren wrote in the 1958 case Trap the doles citizenship is not a right that expires upon misbehavior Although he did acknowledge this Warren's insight shows us why ex felons deserve the right to vote if prisoners remain Citizens and retain their civic status throughout their sentences Then it follows that prisoners should enjoy the most basic of their civil rights the right to cast a ballot Disenfranchising them creates a class of people still subject to the laws of the United States They were after all punished under that law But without a voice in the way they're governed not unlike taxation without representation In the end restoring these basic rights is not only the right thing to do constitutionally It could also present positive solutions to a major national political problem The prison system would be more effective if it were accountable to its constituents Prisoners have often committed heinous crimes But they remain a part of our democratic polity and we can learn from what they have to say And the problem that this would help solve is voter apathy We live in a country with one of the lowest voter turnout rates in the developed world And that is absolutely a disaster because the health of democracy depends on participation And if you have half of people in this country essentially not voting That could spell disaster. It means our democracy may not be able to survive So if you believe in democracy then understand this isn't about the boston bomber I don't think it is just to say That hundreds of thousands of people potentially should be denied the right to vote just to make sure We don't let people like the boston bomber vote So when you see media outlets trying to push this narrative understand that it's propaganda and all that they're trying to do Is dupe you into taking an undemocratic position. So however, this is framed I'm glad that bernie sanders did not take the bait And I wish that kamala harris would have come out more forcefully because she knew what was happening She knew that when don lemon was asking her that question These types of headlines would be produced pete would have judged however He decided to take a more cowardly stance and not stand up for what's right because he was worried about the potential political ramifications. Well, look I'll keep it simple here. If you believe in democracy, then that means that 100 of the population deserves to vote It's that simple and if you honestly think that It's worth denying suffrage and re-enfranchising hundreds of thousands of people serving Just to make sure that the worst in society doesn't vote Then I really question your line of thinking I really do because even if somebody like the boston bomber votes Overall, that's one vote But the negative impact of that would be mitigated by other people voting In prison and exercising their right to vote And what's the implication with the boston bomber voting? Let's say he votes. Who's it gonna vote for? Another murderer I mean look what donald trump is doing in the middle east and north africa. He's droning these countries illegally He just vetoed a bill That would have stopped the united states government from being complicit in south east genocide in yemen So don't pretend like murderers aren't already voting and serving in government. This isn't about the boston bomber Don't get distracted. This is about voting rights And shame on the media shame on cnn shame on fox news for trying to distract So they can smear these candidates for taking a principled and just stand here It's disgusting, but don't fall for it because they're trying to dupe you. Don't let them do that Humanist report to support the low-radix humanist report sad my views are much higher


Hey everyone, Emmy here again, and welcome to another episode of Cobb U. Now as we continue our journey through the components that make up a modern turbocharged engine, we've come to our next set of parts, the boost control system. Since this series is aimed towards educating the newcomer, this episode we're gonna focus more on how the system works overall. The core function of boost control is to manage boost. So many enthusiasts will find that they don't need to upgrade these components until later down the line when the stock parts no longer meet their needs. So keep this in mind as we go along. Okay, first things first, boost. Maybe you've heard it. Maybe you've heard people talking about it or even bragging about it. It's one of the most used and least understood terms among many car enthusiasts. So what is boost and why do I even care about it? The topic is often danced around, so today we're gonna dig a little deeper. Now get ready, cause I'm about to throw a lot of information at you. You've probably heard the weatherman talk about barometric pressure. That's the pressure of the air around us. When we talk about air pressure going in an engine, we often compare that pressure to the barometric pressure. Anytime the pressure going into the engine is higher than barometric, the difference in the two pressures is your boost level. So as an example, if the pressure going into the engine measures 30.6 PSI absolute and the barometric pressure right now is 14.6 PSI absolute, the difference of the two is 16 PSI of boost. They call it boost because pushing more air into an engine than it can naturally inhale allows for a boost in performance. So the more air you can cram into a cylinder, the more fuel you can add to it, which increases combustion energy, the more energy equals more power. Now this explains why turbocharged engines are referred to as forced induction and those without turbos are called naturally aspirated or naturally breathing. Keep in mind that this is a good thing, only being good in moderation.  There's also an operating range for your turbo and if you exceed its limits, you could cause turbo failure. While less dramatic and before that happens, there's a point where increasing boost offers little to no power gains and only increases wear on your components. This is based on a number of factors, such as airflow restrictions of the housing itself and wheel efficiency. To learn more about turbo efficiency, you can visit the extra credit below. While we're on this subject, I wanna touch on a misconception which we hear a lot about from our customers and within the community, which is an over concern about the amount of boost pressure. There's a lot more to making power efficiently than hitting 22.3 pounds of boost. The assumption is that the higher the boost number equals good and that's not necessarily the case. What's important is creating the appropriate amount of boost for your setup, because every setup is completely different. Some engines are designed to operate at a higher boost pressure, while others run more efficiently with less. So just because you can make more boost doesn't necessarily mean you should use it. This is a great example of why having a good understanding of your engine, its design and capabilities is extremely important. Another thing to consider is the size of the turbo. The bigger the turbo, the more air you can push in comparison to its smaller counterpart. And we've learned that the more air you can force into an engine, the more power you can make. So, since the larger turbo can push more air, it can create more power at a lower boost pressure. So the larger turbo may only need to run at six PSI, while the smaller turbo might have to run at 12 PSI to create the same amount of power. Now the size of the turbo that you go with is determined strictly upon your setup and your performance needs. Now that we know what boost is, let's talk about how it's created. This has done one of two ways, either with a turbo or a supercharger. For this series, we're gonna stick to turbo setups because that's what Cobb supports. For those of you that are interested in learning about superchargers, you can click on the link in the extra credit below. For this demonstration, we'll be using components for a stock location turbo on a Subaru WRX STI. So your components and setup might look different, but overall, the concept is the same. The components we're going to talk about today are the turbo inlet hose, the turbo itself, the waste gate, which in this case is on the turbo, an electronic boost control solenoid, or boost controller, and various hoses and clamps. The turbo inlet hose, as the name suggests, is the inlet to the turbo. Now, this is one part that we do recommend upgrading, and here's why. Here, I have a stock turbo inlet hose. This part, plastic. This part is rubber. It gets clamped to the turbo. Over time, this rubber part becomes brittle and fails, like this right here. When that happens, air can either enter or exit the intake system after it's already been measured by the MAF sensor. Remember that the MAF sensor sits just past the intake filter and is measuring how much air is coming in. The ECU takes that MAF reading, along with others, and calculates the amount of fuel needed to achieve the appropriate air fuel mixture. Now, the ECU is assuming that all the air passing through the MAF sensor is going into the engine. So if you have some air escaping or sneaking into the intake, then it's gonna be injecting too much or not enough fuel, and this can make your engine run poorly. An upgraded turbo inlet generally is made of metal or silicone, like this one right here. That's for a couple of reasons. First, it's more durable, so you're gonna get more life out of it. Second, it allows for better airflow because the internal walls are smooth. Unlike this stock turbo inlet that has these accordion ribs right here, which is gonna cause turbulence. You'll notice that the inlet has four ports on the side. These two are used for emissions control, which we won't be getting into in this series since it's a complicated system which shouldn't be modified on street driven vehicles. Your bypass valve recirculates air to this port here. We'll get into the bypass valve in our next episode. And this last one will connect to the vent port on your boost controller. Air is diverted here when we want to increase boost. Next up is the turbo itself. The turbo is made of two separate halves connected in the middle by a center housing and rotating assembly. One side is referred to as the cold side, while the other is the hot side. Looking at this turbo that graciously donated its life to our cause, you see the two sides as well as the wheels, bearing housing, water and oil passages, and the shaft that connects the wheels together. So when one spins, the other does too. The cold side houses the compressor wheel while the hot side houses the turbine wheel. You'll notice that both halves and the center section have various connection points. Starting on the cold side, this is where the turbo inlet connects and this is where the intercooler piping will connect to. The small nipple here will connect to the boost controller hose. On the hot side, this is where the exhaust manifold or up pipe will connect to. In specific cases like our Subaru motor, the up pipe is an intermediate pipe which joins the exhaust manifold to the turbo. The last connection point is where the down pipe will connect. In the center housing, we find our water ports and oil inlet and drain.  It's referred to as internal because it's built into the turbo itself. Moving on, we have our three-port electronic boost control solenoid or again, boost controller for short. Keep in mind that the factory Subaru boost controller has two ports, so the hose routing will be different but the functionality will be the same. The boost controller is the one component that the ECU directly controls to increase or decrease boost by routing air either two or away from the waste gate actuator. On a three-port unit, this port is where the air enters and these two ports are where the air gets diverted to. A boost controller is essentially a valve with a small piston inside it that is either open or closed to route the air one way or another. To increase boost, the piston opens and routes the air through here. To decrease boost, the piston closes and routes air through here. This happens several times a second. The greater the percentage of the time the valve is open versus closed, the more boost the turbo can build. Now that we've seen the components, how does it all come together? Well, to explain this, we're gonna separate it into two topics. First, the interaction between the air and the turbo. And second, how boost is actually managed. Keep in mind that although we're explaining these separately, everything we discuss happens simultaneously. We'll start here with the turbo inlet hose. We've already come past the air intake system and are now getting ready to enter the turbo. The turbo inlet hose not only serves as the inlet to the turbo, but also connects to the boost controller, keeping air at vents from leaving the system. Now we've reached the turbo, where boost is born. The air from our intake enters through the cold side of the turbo and meets the compressor wheel. As the wheel spins, it compresses the air and sends it on its way through the hot pipes and into the inner cooler to get cooled. At the same time, compressed air is being routed from this nipple to the inlet port on the boost controller. We'll get back to this in a minute. Cooling is important because as the air is compressed into the turbo, it gets hotter. Hot air expands, taking up more space. Cold air contracts, allowing more air to fit into the engine. Very hot air can make combustion more volatile, which can lead to engine damage. The cooled air then travels up the cold pipes and into the intake manifold, where it will combine with fuel and go through the combustion process inside the cylinders. After the combustion process, the exhaust gases make their way out of the exhaust manifold under pressure and either enter the turbo directly or, like in our Subaru motor, through an uppipe first and then the turbo. As the gases enter the turbo, they spin the turbine wheel and then make their way out through the downpipe. If the wastegate is open, some will bypass the wheel and flow straight into the downpipe. The amount of exhaust gases the wastegate bypasses away from the turbine wheel directly affects how fast the turbo spins. Since the turbine and compressor wheels are connected by a common shaft, they spin at the same speed. Now that we've gone through the air path, let's focus on how boost is managed, starting with the wastegate. This flapper here is normally closed due to a diaphragm and spring combo that's in the actuator. When pressure is applied to the actuator, it pushes against the diaphragm and spring, which in turn pushes this arm. If the air pressure applied to the actuator is higher than the pressure of the spring inside it, the flapper door is moved open to help us divert some of these gases away from the turbine wheel, thereby limiting its speed and as a result, boost is reduced. When the flapper door is closed, the exhaust gases all route through the turbine wheel, providing maximum turbo output. Most stock turbos come equipped with an internal wastegate, but you may have heard somebody refer to an external wastegate. An external and an internal work the same. However, an external wastegate is generally found separate from the turbo. You might find this scenario in an upgraded turbo setup where you need to divert more exhaust gases than an internal setup allows. Now that we know how the wastegate affects boost, how do we control when it opens and closes? As I mentioned earlier, the boost controller is the actual component that the ECU controls to increase or decrease boost by routing air through one of these two hoses. The air comes into the boost controller from this nipple on the compressor side of the turbo. To increase boost, the ECU will open the piston and the air will divert from this port and enter the turbo inlet hose here, where it will be recycled back into the airflow. To reduce boost, the ECU will close this piston and divert air from this port to the wastegate. The wastegate flapper opens, the turbine wheel slows down and boost is reduced. The ECU makes decisions to increase or decrease boost constantly based on driving and atmospheric conditions, as well as readings from critical engine sensors like the map sensor. The map sensor short for manifold absolute pressure is located just after the butterfly valve in the throttle body and measures the pressure of the air on the intake manifold. As you accelerate and more air is compressed, the pressure of the air leaving the turbo increases. The tune that is flashed here, ECU, will have a specific pressure reading that it tries to achieve based on current driving conditions. This is known as the boost target. When the map sensor reads pressure over the target, the ECU will then close the piston in the boost controller to route the air to the wastegate actuator, which will then open the flapper door to reduce boost. Once the pressure falls below the target, air is then rerouted back into the inlet hose to reduce wastegate flow and allow the turbine wheel to spin faster. Through proper tuning, not only can you control how much boost you make, but you can also control other characteristics too, like how quickly your turbo spools up or how much boost you can sustain at a higher RPM. Thanks to the ECU, this switch isn't merely just on or off. It can cycle many times a second to help modulate boost. Okay, that was a ton of information. So let's quickly do a recap and see it all happen together. Air enters the intake and travels through the turbo inlet hose to the cold side of the turbo. As the turbo spins, the air gets compressed and then travels to the intercooler before making its way to the engine. After the combustion cycle, the exhaust gasses exit the exhaust manifold and travel into the hot side of the turbo to spin the turbine wheel before making their way out of the exhaust. While this is happening, the boost controller's valve is opening and shutting, sending air to the inlet or wastegate to manage boost. If the boost controller routes air to the inlet, boost is increased. If it routes to the wastegate, boost is decreased. All of this happens over and over again as you're driving and while you don't even notice what's going on inside your turbo, there's quite a bit of stress and heat building up. Turbos are designed to handle a certain amount of that heat and stress. As you accelerate and boost builds, the turbine and compressor wheels will continue to spin faster and faster. Turbo wheels are designed to spin at over 100,000 RPM, which is insane considering most engines live at under 10,000 RPM. All of this spinning is a result of over 1,000 degree exhaust gases passing through the turbine housing. Now the only problem is, heat gets transferred to the center section and can damage the bearings inside, which brings us to our last section, turbo cooling. Modern turbos have integrated oil and water lines to keep all moving parts running at a safe temperature. As your engine runs, it circulates oil into the turbo through here and out through here. Now oil is not only used to lubricate the parts inside, but it's also used as a main source of cooling as it absorbs heat that builds up in the bearings. Water is also used as a secondary source of cooling and enters and exits here. A key benefit to water cooling actually comes after the engine is shut off, which stops the oil from circulating. Thanks to a phenomenon called thermal siphoning, water won't stop circulating right away. You can actually hear it moving in the engine until it cools off. Because the water will continue to flow, it goes through the turbo and absorbs more heat. If you wanna learn more about thermal siphoning, you can check out our extra credit link below. That's it. See, it wasn't so bad, was it? As usual, any time we're making changes to our hard parts, we need to make sure that we have the right calibration flash to the ECU. And if you're modifying any of the parts that we touched on in this video, you're most likely gonna have to flash a new tune. If you're still unsure, you can contact us or your local Cobb ProTuner. We can answer any of your questions and set your mind at ease. Lastly, when doing this type of part install, you will generally use these kinds of tools. Ratchets, sockets, and extensions, screwdrivers, picks, needle nose pliers, dykes for cutting, and silicone spray. That's gonna do it for this episode. In our next video, we're gonna follow the air as it makes its way to the intercooler to chill out before combustion. Thanks for joining us and be sure to subscribe to our YouTube channel. I'm Emmy, your host for Cobb U. Remember, check out Cobbtuning.com for all your parts and tuning needs. Like the storage solutions featured in our studio? Then visit sonictoolsusa.com to get more detailed product information.