all these academic events. Thank you. So now we can move to the next talk for this session. And for this, I would like to invite our next speaker. So after all these important topics, we have yet another interesting and important topic on imaging the devices in C2. So imaging in CID is an update and we have with us Dr. Avanti. Dr. Avanti is a very young and dynamic radiologist. She has completed postdoctoral scholarship in radiology from University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, USA, a clinical research fellowship in cardiovascular imaging at Perelman School of Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania USA. And she is a certified level three fellow in cardiovascular imaging from the Society of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance US and has experience in CMR for CID patients. USM in myocardial re-perfusion imaging, CMR in electrophysiology, CMR on seven Tesla, CT derived FFR and TAVRs. Multiple publications to her credit to name a few in nature communications, radiology clinics of North America and current radiology reports. She is editor, her work has been recognized and received editor's recognition award and also distinguished research award by University of Pennsylvania recognized at annual pender grass conference June 2020. And also received young investigator award finalist. She was for NASCAR and AHA in cutting edge technology 2018 and 2020. So we look forward to your talk Dr. Avanti and from learning from you. Thank you for joining us and let's begin with the talk. Hello, I'm Avanti and I'm here to give you all an update on imaging and cardiac implantable electronic devices. I have no disclosures. The centers for Medicare and Medicaid services which administer the Medicare and Medicaid programs in the United States had recently provided coverage to many patients with devices that are non-MR conditional. This makes it very important to understand the concepts and guidelines for imaging patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. These include cardiac pacemakers, implantable cardiobotardic accelerators, transvenous or subcutaneous, cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, implantable cardiac rhythm monitors, and neurostimulators. Recent estimates suggest that unmet imaging needs could apply to up to 1.4 million patients with implanted devices worldwide. Many vendors supply a variety of devices and you may be familiar with their needs such as send you medical, Boston scientific, metronic, etc. But the basic parts of the device remains the same. An implanted device has a pulse generator with a finite battery. Electrodes connected to the generator via a terminal connector pin which should be engaged and the distilled end of the electrode is composed of lead wires with different tips for attachment to the heart. The image shows the battery, the connector pin and the internal electrical circuitry of the device generator. Obtaining a test radiograph is the simplest way for looking at any implanted device for its type, anatomic location and positioning of leads. Right atrial lead is directed towards the right atrial appendage. Right ventricular lead reaches up to the apex. Left ventricular lead courses through the coronary sinus and ends in a posterior cardiac vein. Epicardial leads are positioned on ventricular surfaces for pacing during cardiac surgeries. Here is a radiograph showing a dual chamber pacemaker. Its generator is seen in the left intraclavicular fossa and it contains two lead wires that allow pacing of the right atrium and right ventricles simultaneously in order to coordinate their contractions. Right atrial lead is directed inferiorly and forming a J-loop. Right ventricular lead should be seen to the left of the spine on the test radiograph. Dual chamber pacemakers are used in patients with heart block or SNO disease or patients with atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular response. Cardiac resynchronization therapy is used to treat refractory heart failure associated with ventricular dyssynchrony. These devices have one lead pacing each ventricle. The transvenous lead, LV lead, enters the right atrium through the coronary sinus orifice taking an endovenous up-and-time course until the tip reaches a left ventricular wall epicardial vein. This can be confirmed on a lateral view showing a posteriorly oriented lead. Biventricular pacing can also be achieved using epicardial lead sutured through a thoracotomy. Note the generator launched in the inferior left anterior chest wall. The right atrial lead is well positioned. Transvenous ICDs contain a lead with either one or two metal shock coils. Note the shock coil placed at the brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava junction and a distilled shock coil in the right ventricular apex. Also note the difference in the thickness of the shock coil compared to the pacemaker lead. Transvenous ICDs are often combined with biventricular pacemakers to provide resynchronization therapy to high risk heart failure patients and these are called SCRT leads. Note the combination of the pacemaker leads and the shock coils in these radiographs. Note the tavern implant for aortic stenosis. In an effort to eliminate pacemaker wires, leadless cardiac pacemakers were recently introduced. They are similar to a triple A battery in size and shape and the implantation in the right ventricle involves only minimally invasive procedure. Subcutaneous ICD is a novel technology that does not require transvenous lead insertion for defibrillation. Instead a pulse generator placed in the lateral chest delivers a trans thoracic shock via a left parasternal subcutaneous lead containing sensing electrodes and shock coils. This device can be implanted in patients requiring defibrillation as long as they do not need pacing for tachycardia or radicardia. No recorders are implantable cardiac monitors to continuously record the cardiac rhythm in patients with unexplained palpitations and syncope. They are placed subcutaneously. These devices are actually getting smaller and smaller and should not be mistaken for a USB flash drive. Parkinson's brain stimulators have similar generators as cardiac pacemakers and are also placed in the subcutaneous chest these should not be confused with pacemakers. Inplantable cardioverter defibrillators differ from pacemakers with respect to MRI safety. Since they have increased ferromagnetic content and more conductive materials they are susceptible to higher translational forces and torque. Additional circuitry and hardware for cardioversion or defibrillation therapy increases the potential sources of unexpected behaviors such as device malfunction, unintended cardiac stimulation or electrical reset. It is wise to follow a checklist when reading chest radiographs of patients with devices and specifically look for the device type, the connector pin insertion, number and position of leads, lead integrity and also look for complications. For example in this 73 year old male with a single chamber pacemaker the lead is directed inferiorly through the right atrium and is taking a serpentine course to the coronary sinus. The lead tip is misplaced in an epicardial vein instead of the right ventricular apex. Lateral view confirms the lead misplacement with a lead curving in a loop and then coursing anteriorly instead of descending and coursing anteriorly as would be seen in a correctly positioned right ventricular lead. Another example of a misplaced right ventricular lead taking a swan-gan's neck course and ending in the left main pulmonary artery instead of the right ventricular apex. The right atrial lead is correctly placed in the right atrial appendage. Tink leads could lead to pacemaker malfunction. Complete lead fractures as seen as discontinuation of the lead wire proximal to the generator. The wide gap represents dislodgement and migration of the lead segments. Fidler syndrome occurs when the generators were predicted by a patient causing the lead wires to dislodge and wind around the generator. In this case the right atrial lead has been removed from the right atrial appendage and lies in the superior vena cava and the right ventricular lead now lies within the right atrium. Another example of lead wire being completely reeled around the generator causing the patient to receive no electrical therapy. Suspect abandoned leads. When multiple pacemaker leads are seen in the RA or RV, in this case the abandoned leads can ICD leads can be seen which aren't attached to any generator. This is an example here of epicardial leads from the abdomen. There are several indications for performing cardiac MR in patients with arrhythmias and devices. Petrogenous scar that forms arrhythmogenic substrate is precisely depicted on late gadolinium enhancement cardiac MR. Scar characterization helps in planning endocardial versus epicardial approach in patients with ventricular cardiac. Cardiac MR helps to diagnose premature ventricular complex induced cardiomyopathy. Identify electrical substrate in arrhythmic cardiomyopathy. 2D single shot and 3D volumetric LGE acquisition with navigator gating apart of protein CMR acquisitions for patients with arrhythmias. T1 mapping helps to identify diffuse myocardial fibrosis that may not be visible on late gadolinium enhancement CMR especially in patients of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with ventricular tachycardia. A common atrial flutter passes through a narrow structure called as the cable tricuspid business and its ablation is used for termination of atrial strata. Cardiac MR can be used in planning pulmonary vein isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation. It involves circumferential ablation near the pulmonary vein osteum. In patients with atrial fibrillation, the results of the ongoing decaf2 trial are expected soon and they might extend the ablation strategies from pulmonary vein isolation alone to a substrate based approach. I showed in this image so once implanted with a device, patients who need CT or MR and the clinicians must deal with concerns related to safety of the procedure and the radiologist may face issues with imaging artifacts that appear due to in situ devices and can hamper radiologic assessment. Static and time varying magnetic field were proposed to cause displacement of the device, activation of the rib switch that can cause unintended cardiac stimulation, induce electrical currents that can generate induction voltage and cause premature battery depletion. RF pulse can cause heating of the ribs device free programming and alteration in piecing grids. This is how time varying magnetic gradients can lead to rib switch activation. Recent developments in the device engineering have led to devices whose operation is largely resilient to electromagnetic interference present in the MRI environment particularly at 1.5 Tesla. These advancements include reduction in the amount of ferromagnetic material, general robustness to electromagnetic interference, improvement in circuitry, sensing detecting detection algorithms. For example, rib switch is replaced by a Hall sensor with a more predictable behavior. With these developments in play and many studies such as the MagnaSafe registry demonstrating safety related to non-MR conditional devices, a comprehensive consensus report has been developed, detailing recommendations for CT and MRI in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. They are endorsed by several cardiologic and radiologic American societies for MRI. Potential temporary interactions are expected in patients who need CTs but only when the sensor circuits of the device are within the CTV. No device interrogation or programming or monitoring is recommended for class 1 indication but are reasonable but it is reasonable to exclude the device from field of view if images aren't going to be compromised. Radiologists should be aware of MR artifacts since scanning a patient with implanted device. The balance study state free precision sequence may be severely affected by susceptibility artifact. Late gadolinium enhancement PSIR image shows a characteristic artifact that appears as a central signal void and peripheral hyperintensity. Artifact is related to the type and proximity of the device. They are more prominent in ICDs than pacemakers due to a greater of resonance induced by the battery and high voltage transformer. Let us look at various several facets for implementing a program in radiology practice for MR imaging in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. The radiologist spearheading such a program would need to know new policies, device modes, new MRI sequences especially when obtaining a cardiac MR and what would be acceptable change to post MRI device parameters. MR conditional devices when a device is labeled MR conditional it means that such a device poses no known hazards within specified conditions of use. These conditions include a conditional labeling for combination of the generator and the units and allow implant locations. Also includes specified specific device programming requirements and availability of required staff trained staff or device programming and patient monitoring. A non MR conditional device in the system that has not met the regulatory criteria for MR conditional labeling. This could be pertaining to the entire device or only some of its components they are considered MR unsafe and have a older manufacturing day usually before the year 2000. These legacy devices are now considered a relative contraindication for MRI. For someone starting out the website MRICafety.com provides a comprehensive list of every device out there in the market with respect to their conditional or non conditional status. Another foolproof method is to ask for the device description from the vendors. In India it is very easy to get the firsthand information with vendors who are extremely proactive in just a phone call away. They also provide technicians for programming the device for a patient of schedule for an MR exam. According to the new US policies in US if a patient has a device labeled non conditional CMS will cover MRS scans done on scanner with a field strength of 1.5 tesla or less and the whole body specific absorption rate restricted to less than 2 watts per kg. Also the device should not have a fractured epicardial or abandoned use implantable cardiac rhythm monitors and neurostimulators are not included in the CMS coverage. Then there are simpler ways to ensure safety of a MRI procedure in patients with devices like obtaining the exam at least six weeks after the device implantation though not a guideline if the concern is movement of the generator or dislodgement of the need. Clinical exams do not result in damage to the heart tissue by defeating. Device interrogation and adequate programming should be performed before and after the MR exam and monitoring during the procedure. Now let us see one of the device modes. CID modes are labeled with three letters. First letter represents the chamber paste. Second letter represents the chamber sense. The third letter represents response to sensing. Letter A stands for atria, B for ventricle, D for dual, I for inhibit, D for trigger and over of. Decimode VOO stands for ventricle paste with sensing and triggering functions switched off. The programming differs for patients who are pacing dependent as they lack an underlying rhythm with heart rate 40 beats per minute or less or they have a complete heart block with no underlying rhythm. These patients are usually programmed to asynchronous pacing mode with triggering function of. If a patient is non-pacing dependent they are programmed to a monitor mode with dual chamber sensing only or in limited mode with dual chamber pacing and sensing with triggering function off. In this case pacing will occur only when a natural heart beat is not present. We have detailed in our publication how to plan an organized institutional workflow for MRI in CIDs. For each referral the radiologist in charge should confirm that MRI is the test of choice for that particular patient and ensure that a qualified physician or a PA is available during the scan. A test x-ray should be taken before the scan to look for device and lead positions. Establish whether the device is conditional or non-conditional. If a non-conditional device is present then restrict the exam to 1.5 tesla scanners and these SAR to less than 2 watts per kg. Ensure patient's safety by ruling out fractured epicardial or abandon use. Discuss the risk and benefits of the MR exam with the patient and obtain informed consent. Consent should include information about the new pulse sequences if you are going to acquire a cardiac MRI and record device parameters before and after the exam. These parameters include sensing, impedance, capture threshold and battery voltage for each lead. Also check the intrinsic heart rhythm and vitals and switch off therapies for ICDs. Then based on pacing dependency program your device to a synchronous pacing mode or a monitor or inhibit mode in non-conditional devices. Conditional devices can be programmed to a vendor-specified MRI mode. Avoid competitive pacing when a patient is pacing non-pacing dependent. Remember to monitor the vitals, maintain timely verbal contact during the entire exam and telemetry recording should be done by an ACLS train staff. Acquire CMR exam with specific pulse sequences that help to mitigate the imaging artifacts and after the exam reintegrate the device parameters, restore baseline settings and follow-up if required. New cardiac MR sequences adopt strategies to reduce artifacts and yield interpretable scans for CMR in patients with implanted devices. Acquire cine imaging with spoiled gradient echo, your shorter echo times and a wide-band 3.8 kHz adiabatic inversion pulse for late gadolinium-enhanced acquisitions, TIS count and even maps. Wide-band mitigates the expected resonance offset of the myocardium due to the device generator. This is an example of a spoiled GRE sequence for cine imaging that prevented susceptibility artifacts and allowed clear images. You can see that there is delayed septal contraction that could be consistent with the bundle branch block or also associated with the pacemaker function in this patient. This slide shows how a modified wide-band NGV PSIR sequence removes the generator-related artifacts from the scan plane. In the image view, mid-myocardial scar is clearly seen in the anterior LV wall in the patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in the image view, a transmural infar is seen in the LV apex. This is an example of a wide-band TI scout acquisition, a 2D wide-band LGV PSIR sequence showing an inferior RCA infar and in this image showing sub-epicardial enhancement in patient with sarcoidosis. The generator artifact appears as a signal void and pointed with these asterisks on the arrowhead. 3DLG PSIR sequence can suffer with extreme artifacts during the exam. A wide-band 3DLG PSIR with navigator grating is now available to tackle this issue. Example of artifact reduction by using modified wide-band T1 mapping sequence. In some cases, depending on the side of the generator, it may be difficult to completely remove device artifact. Repositioning of the patient arm to move the device generator away from the chest wall can be tried in these cases. Know about the limits of the acceptable device parameter change post MRI. Further follow-up or reference to a cardiologist is needed if a battery voltage loss is more than 0.04 volts. Remember, the 30, 40 and 50 percent rule was significant change in lead impedance, ventricular sensing amplitude and pacemaker capture threshold respectively. Also, record the ventricular and atrial-pacing thresholds changes in the pre and the R-wave amplitudes and if there was an electrical reset of the device during the scan. This paper by the Heart Rhythm Society I previously described also has a report template that you can adopt into your practice. It serves as a checklist and requires recording of the generator information, lead information, MR conditional status and there's a column for recording pre and post MRI device parameters. You can also refer to meditronicacademy.com website for initial training for setting up of MRI services in patients with devices and avail the opportunity to register your institution as an MRI center but specific to metronic devices. Now let us look at some interesting cases acquired at Penn. Wideband late gadolinium enhancement CMR acquired in this patient with a single chamber MR conditional leadless pacemaker had to identify a sub-epicardial algae. This was diagnosed with myocarditis. No significant changes occurred in the device parameters. Next, this patient has a MR non-conditional dual chamber pacemaker. Underventor cardiac MR, septal hypokinases can be seen. The body line myocardial septal thickening, both these findings were attributable to chronic ventricular pacing causing chronic pacing related cardiomyopathy. This patient implanted with the subcutaneous ICD and event cardiac MR. Again, modified by Bankel's sequence helped in clarifying lack of fibrosis in the lateral LB wall that appeared hyper intense on the regular PSIR sequence. The septal scarring present in this patient was in keeping with burnt out hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. CMR was acquired in this patient with abandoned epicardial leads. No significant changes in the device parameters were noted after the scan. CMR helped in diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis with extensive subendocardial and sub epicardial enhancement. So what lies in the future? A very recently published paper in the Journal of American Medical Association Cardiology on MRI in 139 consecutive patients with abandoned leads showed no changes in battery voltage, power on resets, or even changes in the pacing rates. CMR images from this study showing non-schemic mid-myocardial scar and a transmural ischemic scar in patients with active abandoned leads. Another multi-center study on 1148 patients and patients with non-MR conditional devices showed no increased risk to patients provided recommended protocols were followed. This is being published in the European Heart Journal in the next few weeks. Both these studies provide great deal of confidence in MRI as a safe procedure in patients with abandoned and epicardial leads and could also further lead to changes in the US policy. Near future is looking at MR guided EP abolition in patients who may know more benefit from devices to terminate events and have recurrent shots. Real-time active tracking technologies can enable workflow that closely mimics conventional electron atomic mapping. CMR can be further processed in these patients to identify conducting channels and facilitate their application. To conclude, acquisition of interpretable studies with good quality can result in changes in treatment, intervention, changes in the prognosis, and potential cost savings for therapy and device patients. Reticence of physicians and institutions to scan patients with devices is related to unfamiliarity rather than concerns about the safety of this procedure. Implementing a robust imaging protocol in patients with devices is an urgent need and easily feasible. These are the suggested readings and our references. I would like to thank Dr Harold for his invaluable input in today's presentation. He is the chief of cardiothoracic imaging at University of Pennsylvania. You can write to him at harold.lib at penmedicine.upn.edu. You can also write to me at avanthi.gee at udav.edu avanthi.gunhane at penmedicine.upn.edu. You can follow me on Twitter at avanthi0609. And also please subscribe to our channel indianradiogist.com. Thank you so much for your attention. Thank you so much Dr Avanti for taking up a very important topic. It's an area where there's a lot for us to learn. So thank you so much for joining us. Now let's move on to our next lecture, the second last lecture for


And now, the history of Rosemary. Rosemary is yet another illustrious member of the Lamy A.C.E. family, which includes Mint, Basil, Marjoram, and Time. However, it's most closely related to oregano. Hey, hey, hey, hey! You are to get along right now while I will harvest you both! That's better. The name Rosemary comes from the Latin root Ross, meaning dew, and Marinas, meaning sea. And this makes a lot of sense because it's often called the dew of the sea or sea dew because of the shimmering blue flowers that cover the rosemary bush during winter. It actually has several other nicknames, but my favorite of which is Ruti, Potuti, Cuti, and Muti. Rosemary originates from all over the Mediterranean Sea region. In fact, it is one of the most common plants of the Mediterranean Sea area because it loves to grow in the chalky soil or rocky limestone that is characteristic of the Mediterranean coastline. Rosemary has been with us since the dawn of civilization. Around 5000 BC, references to rosemary were found written in cuneiform on stone tablets. Rosemary is known as the herb of remembrance, which is funny because scholars sure didn't remember to write anything down about it after scrolling on a bunch of stone tablets. Sure, we know that the pharaohs were buried with rosemary in Egypt, but really, we have little to no evidence about it until about 500 BC when the ancient Greeks and Romans fell in love with it. The ancient Greek scholars would use rosemary to aid their studies and students would bind wreaths of it to their heads to aid their memories. I'm sorry, kids, but bind a little bit of rosemary till your skull ain't gonna help unless you done your homework. Now get back to those books, kiddos. Pliny the Elder mentions rosemary in the natural history, as does Pandanius discuritis in his famous Demeteria Medica, which was the primary go-to herbal text for almost 1400 years. Wow, talk about cornering the market. Rosemary was introduced to China in 220 AD. And then for a long while it kind of just, you know, hung around and did its thing, you know, being cool, wearing dark shades, hanging out parties, weddings, and funerals. At ancient Greek and Roman weddings, rosemary was used in the head wreaths worn by brides. And that carried on until that fashion became like, oh, so 100 AD. At which time, bouquets became more of the fashion and rosemary was integrated into those. During the 8th century, it was the Romans who brought rosemary to England. Now this is most likely thanks to Charlemagne, who, in addition to running the Roman Empire, was an avid herb-growing nut and mandated that rosemary be grown in gardens alongside other awesome herbs. However, it's unclear as to whether rosemary stayed in England over the next couple centuries and was cultivated and grown. That is until 1338, when rosemary gets officially naturalized in Britain, when cuttings were sent by the Countess of Haynult to her daughter, Queen Philippa, the wife of Edward III. The Countess convinced the king and queen that it was so fabulous. They went ahead and planted it at the old palace at Westminster. After that, man, rosemary had it easy, and you could find it in every single herbal text in England. Rosemary gained even more popularity in 14th century Europe thanks to Queen Elizabeth. Nope, not that Queen Lizzie. Queen Elizabeth of Hungary. Now she reportedly cured herself of her semi-paralysis because she drank a concoction of rosemary that helped ease the pain in her joints. This formula became famously known as Hungary Water and was later turned into a popular perfume. That was all the rage until the 18th century when Oda Cologne took over. Any Shakespeare fans out there are probably familiar with rosemary's most famous literary reference in plays like Hamlet. It's Rosemary. Now Shakespeare also mentions it in his play The Winter's Tale and twice in Romeo and Juliet. As was often the case with many of the other Mediterranean herbs, rosemary made its way over to the Americas thanks to the settlers of the 1600s. In the Teatrum Botanicum, John Parkinson, the buttoness to chose the first, mentions how rosemary was often used to make lutes and other instruments, which brings me to another odd fact. Rosemary was often a musical inspiration for the troubadours of the Middle Ages, or they just sung about it a lot. And apparently a lot of people still do. Plague! Plague! During the Black Plague, rosemary was huge because people believed that it helped stop the plague. People would place rosemary branches on the floors of their homes to help combat the plague. There was also a very popular concoction called the Four Thieves' Vinegar. This concoction was primarily composed of rosemary, sage, lavender and roux. And because of these factors, rosemary's price skyrocketed. I mean it was worse than drugs. Hey man, you want some sage? Maybe some lavender? How about some Primetime Grade A rosemary? This stuff's primo, man. Only six shillings a handful. And this was the actual price of rosemary in 1603 when the plague killed 38,000 people in London. Let's give you an idea of just how expensive that is. One price list that was found from 1625 said that 18 gallons of good ale with delivery could be had for only three shillings. That brings me up to Empress Josephine and her hubby, Napoleon, both of whom are obsessed with rosemary. In particular, rosemary water and perfume. Supposedly, Josephine would always wash herself in rosemary water before going to bed. And I guess he must have dug her smell quite a bit because he had the Royal Perfumier Chardin make up a couple of bottles. In fact, they recorded Napoleon as using 162 bottles of rosemary water in just the first three months of 1806. But does it stop there? No. Definitely no. Oh, definitely no. Decidedly no. Napoleon was such a fan of rosemary that as he lay dying, two pastels of rosemary were burning. Thanks to high-profile rosemary lovers like Napoleon, rosemary water became so popular that it was the first herbal product to be mass-marketed and produced. My question for today is, do you drink rosemary water or maybe some rosemary tea? Maybe? Please let me know in the comments down below. Until next time, be kind to each other and be sure to spruce up your day with a little bit of rosemary.


Age 30 is a milestone year for many people. And Blair Sabal once remarked, when the person turns 30, a whole new thing happens. You see yourself acting like your parents. In your 20s, you may assume that you have figured out all that it takes for you to scale through 30. Reality however has its way of disrupting the plans in cruel, funny and unthinkable ways. The new decade comes with changes you never expected but then again it's a phase that everyone passes through. So relax, you are not alone. In this video, I will share with you 13 things that are going to change in your 30s. 1. Friendship Friendship in your 30s is more about quality than quantity. Therefore, you might not have as many pals as you did back in your fun loving days. An Oxford University study shows that as you grow older, your circle shrinks and with women, it happens faster than with men. In your 30s, it will be tough for you to find people who would look at you from a non-professional perspective. Also, you will realize that there are many things to do and you do not have the time and energy to invest in building friendships. Your attention shifts from making friends to building tangible networks and connections. 2. Your Perception of Life As you get old and clock 30, your view about life will take an exciting turn. At once, life stops being a better rose and changes to a roller coaster ride. Unlike your 20s, when you make choices based on immediate gains, in your 30s you will begin to put into consideration how your decisions will affect your life in a decade or two decades away. Furthermore, you will commit yourself to meditation and other soul searching exercises. 3. The Respect You Have for Your Parents As you grow older, the respect you have for your parents will increase in geometric progression. In your 30s, you will realize that the mistakes you often blamed your parents for are nothing compared to the ones you have made.  4. Your Choice of Music A new study from Deezer suggests that at age 30, we stop listening to trending songs. Maybe during college days, you were the life of the party, the king of the latest hip hop and jazz. Wait till you are 30. You may be surprised how your music tastes rapidly changes to soul music and classical. Suddenly loud music will begin to irritate you and you will make up any excuse to leave a party. 5.  If you got knowledgeable about self-discovery early enough, the change about who you genuinely are might not be too intense otherwise you will be forced to discover yourself after many hurts and mistakes. 6.  Things that you used to consider as mere jokes in time pass will suddenly start to irritate you. You may continuously find yourself getting annoyed by some decisions and actions of younger people around you but then you will realize you were once there. 7. Your Interests and Hobbies As you clock 30, you will notice that you will do less of skydiving, skating and those other energy demanding activities you used to love and before long you might even stop doing them. Research shows that at age 30 your bones become thinner and joints weaker. You may still love those activities but your body will not be able to comply. No matter how much you try to look younger, your eternal system changes with time. Thus, you may start feeling too tired and weak to partake in those hobbies. You will, over time, develop a liken for calmer activities like writing, playing musical instruments, etc. 8. The Way You Talk to Other People That sassy young lady becomes calm all of a sudden. Reasonably, as you cross 25, you begin to understand what the statement, your network equals your network, really means. This understanding thus causes you to be more polite when you speak to people, especially those you are unfamiliar with. At a time you are 30, you will be more mindful of the words you use, both physically and on social media. 9. Your Spending Habits It may be entirely sensible to spend to impress a few friends as a young person in your 20s, impulse buying and purchasing the latest gadgets and all other trendy items may have been your thing, but as you draw towards 30, the reality that your financial commitments are increasing begins to heat you. In your 30s, your spending habits drastically change. For instance, you may start buying junk and start spending on fruits and vegetables. 10. Your Priorities A critical priority in this stage is to get your priorities straight and right. What may be the greatest wish in your 20s was to own a terrific ride. As you approach 30, cars might not freak you and they might even be the last in your list of priorities. With old age comes a rare kind of wisdom. So instead of vehicles, trends and a mansion, you will be thinking assets, insurance schemes and long-term investments. The things that you tagged as needs when you were much younger will become wants and mere cravings. 11. Value for Your Family Everyone indeed loves their family, but no one treasures family members than a 29-year-old who just left home. New studies have shown that as you grow older, the reality of your parents' mortality dawns more on you. Although it comes with great fear, it also brings along a new form of value for your parents and other family members. You will be naturally inclined always to show up and be there for family members, throughout in time of crisis and celebration. 12. You Care Less About What People Say There is no particular age when someone stops caring about the opinion of others. However, as you get closer to 30, you will start to realize that you are not obliged to please people. A group of 40s to 70s were once asked to state their opinions as regards when they began to care less about what other people think and say. Most of the population attested to have realized that their happiness was more than people's discouraging words in their 30s. One of the respondents, Laurie Camp, said, Other people's opinion may be taken into consideration, but in the end, it is my opinion that counts the most. 13. Environmental Preference At 30, you most likely will seek to reorganize your office space and your home. This insider's Aaron Broadwin once reported that many individuals in their 30s perceive cluster as a source of stress. In your 20s, you probably used to think that creativity is best attained in messy environments. Nevertheless, your 30s will welcome you with the urge to tidy up and declutter your rough workspace. When you begin to discover some of these changes in your life, don't get terrified or overwhelmed. Instead, embrace them as they are natural signs that indeed you are stepping into another phase of life.


The Lunar Connect just after your keynote, and you talk about arm-taking of the future of CERN on that? Not yet. The end investigating multiple architectures, whether that's new flavors of S86, or that's a 64-bit arm or it's even a power PC. We are looking at multiple options and how potentially we could solve our problems once you're going to go and do high-level menace that we've seen in the ten years to do our computations. So who are you? I'm David Adergmanov. I work at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and I also started to a CMS experiment at CERN. And we're here at the Grand Budapest Hotel right here in Budapest. Yes. And is it interesting to be at the Lunar Connect? Always. With your friends, right? Yes. So who are you? I'm Jakob Loma. I work in the Scientific Software Group at CERN. So scientific software, that's like scientific OS, so what is it? That is tools. We are tool makers. We build the tools that help physicists making sense of the data. So how do you work together? What's the kind of collaboration that you do? We work on different things. So again, I'm an experiment, so we work on an experiment software. Same applies to Joshua from Atlas and Jakob is working on more infrastructure sites. So he is providing the distributed file system to distribute our software and our data, also the environment, virtualized environment, we could actually run our software. So do you do physics? Yes. I'm a PhD student at University of Göttingen, but based at CERN right now. And we essentially use their innovations for our experiments. So you're Joshua Smith? Joshua Smith, yes. So do you work on finding the meaning of life and Higgs boson and parallel universe and all these things? You could say that, yeah, in a sense, sure. So it's very important to get lots of computation, right? You can't just do, why do you need so many computers to do all this stuff? So the amount of data we collect is not so small. So if you look at the current situation in 2016, we have about 75 petabytes of data recorded out of those 75, about 50 petabytes, at least the experiments.  You plan to have about 600 petabytes of raw data and about 900 petabytes of data and derived data from that raw data as one single copy. That's a lot of hard drives. It is. But not everything is being stored in a hard drive. So much as data is going to be sitting on the tapes. So do you guys work with ARM servers? You're testing them out, right? You've been doing that for a while. Yes. So in general, at CERN, I think it was the HTTP experiment, the wireless experiment. And HTTP has started. Yeah, I think we have. We started it in 2013. And before that, we looked at the ARM v7 solution. That's the 32-bit version, also known as ARX32 mode at this point. And CMS joined also in 2013 with the ARM v7 port. And then we quickly moved to 64-bit world even before we could have a hardware. We started from ARM foundation model. And I guess now more or less every experiment is looking into alternative options. Yeah, it's something that each experiment needs to worry about, right? It's our computing needs. As we try to increase our energies, not try as we do increase our energies, it's constantly on our minds. Increase in power, increase in computational needs. It's always in the forefront. So why do you need so much computation? Well, the processes that we want to study in the physics world and the standard model and the on-standard model physics are so rare that we actually need just this huge amount of data to be able to spot, well, not spot, but to be able to pick out the interesting events. So we actually throw away most of the data that we collect. And we only store 0.00001% of it. And it's in this that we hope is something interesting. And to do this is a high computational need. Is there AI and crazy algorithms to figure out what to keep, what to throw out? Oh, yeah. AI is something that's kind of exploded in the last year or two years. I don't know. It hasn't been used hugely yet. I would say at certain. But it's definitely something that's making more of an appearance. Are you working on that? Not directly. What I see is that there's a lot of algorithms being used that are called by some people AI. And, you know, everybody has its own name for things. So we might call it differently, but in the end it's the same algorithm. I mean, you see, you saw the pictures, you know, of tracks coming out of the detector of clusters when, you know, when they hit detector material and it showers.  So all of this, you know, you could also call it AI algorithms. And so do you work a lot on the software? And that's a big part of CERN is software engineers, right? That is true. Many people end up working in software. Computer science is a big part of CERN. Yeah, we have a good track record and a healthy relationship between the computer scientists and the physicists. And you need both to tackle these problems. You need folks who understand the physics and you need folks who understand the computing. So you are the computing guy? I come from the computing side, yes. And what's the biggest challenge you have right now? How would you say? There are many big challenges. Well, one of the big challenges is that the technology cycles, they are much shorter than the cycles of particle accelerators and particle detectors. We plan and think in decades. And we have to make sure that the computing system evolves with this, right? We have to make sure that the computing in 20 years is able to process what was designed by detector people, you know, 20 years ago. So what do you think would be nice from Leonardo and from the ARM servers to happen for this to be better? You need to have more data so it's impossible to do it on x86. Is too much power? Is it true or not? Is it one of the challenges? Not at all. Not at all. It's not impossible to do it on x86. The question is, is it perhaps more beneficial to do it on a different architecture, I think, is the main question. More affordable. More affordable. And one of the main, as a user of our computational power at Atlas and CERN, I don't want to tell a difference. If I run a grid job somewhere around the world, I don't really care if it's running on x86 or ARM. And that's, I think, the biggest hurdle for ARM to overcome is that it needs to seamlessly work with everything that our computational model does at the moment at CERN. But is it seamless, right? Already? If you listen to people like John Master from Red Hat or Jim Perrin who is also doing CentOS and some other people, especially here at the NarConnect, you're going to see the same thing being mentioned. It doesn't matter if you're an administrator or you're actually a user. You're talking about actually building a very boring system. You don't want to see any difference. Again, none difference from an administrator side, none of the difference from a user side. So it's a different architecture, but it's still like into a system. I run my jobs, I run my analysis, I do my histograms, and at the end, no one knows what's their architecture. You're on top of things when it comes to ARM stuff, right? You're checking it all out, and you have the first generation, and now you're really looking for kind of like second generation and Thunder X2 is going to be good, X-Gene 3, whatever Qualcomm is doing, and all kinds of other things are going to be very exciting. It is very exciting. So again, we spend, at least CMS spend almost, it's a fourth year for us to look into 64-bit ARM. Our first partner and the first real slick on the guard was APN X-Gene, that was a Mustang board, and we moved to HP Moonshot Systems, and 400 nodes. We have some Gigabyte systems, there's the Thunder X, so we have this X-Gene 1, so look at the X-Gene 2s. So if you know that our software works, you know that the structure can also work, we're now thinking more of, you know, when can we get the right silicon? When are you going to get something which falls in exactly what we tend to buy, and I think that's approaching. I think that 2017-2018 is a very important year for ARM, or also it's a year of third generation and a third wave and a fourth wave of silicon, and then we need to start thinking how the platform is going to look like. So again, it's not the silicon that you buy, the silicon might be ready, and the question is how the platform is going to look like, and you buy the platforms because they're users. But has it been moving fast enough? Because every time it seems like, ah, it's just about to come, but then you get it, and it's not good enough, and then you have to wait three years, or how does it work? I understand that.  We all like to think it's going to move faster, and I'm going to say the same things. I mean, I always tell it's going to be very soon, three years, and I'm going to tell, I'm telling you that 2017-2018 is a very important year. Which is what we said in 2014. And you know, in two years, I might say the same thing. But you're saying that we're not happening. You're saying 2017-2018 is good. I think it's a very important year. There's still no market for 64-bit ARM, but I think what's going to be in 2017-2018, the silicones, not the platforms yet, those are going to be very important for the market. We might finally get into a position where it becomes something that you might want to buy, but it can depend on your workloads. Because right now what you have is just for testing. It is testing. You're not buying thousands, you're not buying millions. No. But you're waiting for something that might be a candidate, potentially, and suddenly there's a switch. And then you recommend to all these 170 countries or how many people are participating, institutes, that maybe they should be ordering this and because it works. So we do investigations. Again, we look at the performance, we look at the power efficiencies, power consumptions, we look at the densities of different vendors, different systems, different silicones. And we make both as an hours in the conference. You can see the posters, you can see the papers. And you know, it's up to the computer sensors if we can actually find it. And if you want to use that, you know, it's beneficial. The thing is that an external computer center as a resource should not be restricted to a certain architecture. And so certain's goal here is to be able to just deploy their software and not have to worry about this. And that's what this research will enable when a software center looking to buy some hardware doesn't know what they're going to buy. They can look at the papers, they can look at the white papers, and they're not restricted. And if you look at the projects, so again, there is one big project in Barcelona, one blind project where there's going to be a further vision of that. This is going to be, again, powered by Finder X2, I believe, that's what they picked. And they also, Barcelona has announced that you're going to have a system that's going to be a mixed one. So you're going to have X8664, you're going to have a power PC-based system, and you're going to have 64-bit ARM. You're talking about supercomputers? Yes. Yeah. I'm talking about big clusters. If you look at the Japanese, they're also going to be Fujitsu. They actually want to build an extra-scale system based on ARMv8, where HPC silicon is being designed in China. So you can see that different regions might do different things, and it's very broad. We want to be ready for this. If it comes, we want to be ready to run our programs there. And it's going to be super stable, and Linar is helping to all the stuff that needs to be done, like all these... Yeah, we hope so. Kernel, support, and all the stuff. Yeah, all of this is necessary. All of that is a lot of work. It's something that CERN doesn't necessarily have the manpower to do. So the fact that there are companies and organizations out there doing this is just fantastic for CERN. When you talk about China, for example, are they doing supercomputers on their own kind of architecture? Is it similar as it really is to ARM, or is it ARM also? There's a bunch of stuff happening over there. They're making the biggest ones for some reason. Yes. As far as I know, we have the most powerful supercomputer at this point. And in general, in terms of how much supercomputers actually have more than yes at this point, I think. Can you hook up to it and use it? I personally cannot. But, again, they also want to build an extra scale systems. And we just recently announced the latest supercomputer, which is not an X86 system. They actually have the only custom silicon, which has amazing, I think, more than 200 cores at this point. And they do have research programs that are built correctly, and they're investigating different architectures for the next generation of supercomputers. I think our ARM V8, this full bit, is actually part of one of those systems you've been investigating. Maybe one way that all this can actually happen is not just awesome software, but products like this need to be running on ARM because it's related to servers kind of, right? You want to get something bigger than a smartphone chip? I can only provide you a personal view on this. As a software engineer, I would like to live as an instruction set that I am working on. So if I need to work on the 64-bit ARM instruction set based software, and I would like to have my daily driver running the same instruction set. There needs to be a non-part macro.  Here's the Narrow Connect discussing about exact this issue that majority of ARM developers are still using X86's full bit systems for doing ARM development. So how do we change that? So there's a new owner at ARM. It supposedly is huge, and they could have huge amount of funds, and maybe China, maybe Trump, I don't know. But is there a need for much more investment in stuff like CERN? What could you do if you get like 100 billion more? That's a very difficult question and starts going into the politics of how CERNs run. And I don't think any of us can answer that. We definitely do a whole lot more physics. Yeah, I mean, more money, more physics. We could look into RARA for this. We could collect mouse statistics.  But yeah, those are very difficult. How did you find the Higgs boson? That was on X86, right? There was an old process on existing infrastructure. Yes, our grid is based on CPUs that are, I don't know, more than 10 years old in lots of places. And so this is all X86 or AMD. And yeah, it was just a brute force search with some very smart analysis methods that were used to find the Higgs boson fundamental particle. And proving that Einstein was right or not? This is a different thing. Yeah, this is unrelated. It just put another... It confirmed our standard model once more. The theory is very good, but it's not complete. Is it fun to... So do you live around CERN, all three guys? You're all over there in Geneva, right?   I mean, there is the... The best thing you can do is you can come and visit us. We have 100,000 visitors a year and we are happy to show everybody who passes by everything we do and we have. There's two groups. You can go down to the detectors when the beam isn't running, obviously. There's guides that will take you around CERN and CMS, Atlas, ALICE, LHCB. You can get detailed information on all of these. And there was kind of like a second run. What do you call it? When you rebooted everything and you got things faster, double the energy, but also what did you do in terms of the IT infrastructure? You also reset that, right? Was that part of your presentation? We have some changes. Again, CERN runs in what we call... when we have runs. So, you know, when you announce the HISPACS on, that was based on around one data, if you remember correctly. And then it shut down the detector and we had the long shut down of one, which lasted about 18 months. And now we are in two. So again, we have updated the accelerators. We have updated the detectors. We also had time to work on our software and the structure to make sure that you can actually handle them out of data. It's going to be coming out of these detectors. You're going to work until the end of 2019 and we're going to have another two-year-long shut down period. We're going to, again, upgrade the hardware and start thinking about how to optimize our software. So... So end 2018, you say? Yes, it's kind of shut down in two years. Yes. More or less, even a few months. You can shift, but that's the plan. And afterwards, two of the four experiments will have a big computing upgrade. LHCB and LS. And then the following run, run for CMS and Atlas will have their big computing upgrades. Are there lots of ARM chips in the CERN? Like in the state, I guess there has to be lots of microcontrollers in every... Everybody's on the phone. Yeah, it's because they're actually using smartphones. Hard drives, you know. You have ARM chips for most small ones, Core M0s and everything else, and microcontrollers. Both are in multiple products.  It's everywhere. I mean, it's impossible to avoid ARM at this point. So do you think ARM is a perfect ecosystem, or could it be better? I don't think anything is perfect. I don't think it perfectly exists. I think it's a fun thing, no? Because there's so many companies, and it seems like there's a lot of potential for them to innovate, do something new. That's why we like ARM. That's why we're doing the research that involves ARM because of this business model, because other industries can get involved and have their input. We can have our say, that's why we really like ARM. It's interesting to try to follow the latest news, all the stuff that's happening, right? It's crazy. I think the news is just jumping too fast, so you can see the TSMC, Global Foundries, new technology processes, the new silicon chip designs, new systems being done. It's a very fast moving thing. And talking about Global Foundries, let's say, and probably TSMC, they have this kind of thing where you can go and you can get your custom chip designed. Shouldn't you kind of go there and say, we want a custom chip? No, that's not something you could do. I don't think it's necessary to do that. I don't think it's necessary to do that. I was going to say, yeah. We have many square meters of silicon for inner tracker and the detectors, and this is custom produced silicon, only for this detector. But universities generally produce silicon. Yeah, that is true. All right, so we'll see what happens. This is going to be interesting, and thanks a lot. Definitely. Thank you.


Good day, everyone. My name is Anand Tantani and I'm an offer manager working for Schneider Electric. I'm also a member with the Open Process Automation Forum. Inside my role in Schneider Electric, I look after our next-generation automation software platform called EcoStruxure Automation Expert, which is based on a new standard called IEC 61499. Today, I'm going to speak with you about how open and process automation standards can help industrial manufacturers across different market segments to address their ever-changing new business pressures, particularly pressures related to meeting their more stringent sustainability goals and efficiency requirements. Over the last several years, conversations around sustainability have fundamentally changed. This is a new era with new social values, attitudes and preferences, drive, ethics-based business and buying decisions across the whole supply chain. So key stakeholders in businesses like customers, partners, suppliers, employers, employees and the shareholders expect, and in most cases, demand companies, particularly industrial manufacturers today, to proactively combat climate change, which impacts on those plant managers to face multiple challenges, to keep up with this increasing speed of business and the changing business models. And at the same time, to make sure that their productions are safe and cyber secure in integrating those emerging digital technologies, which help in achieving those standards and help as well the enterprise achieve the carbon emissions and other sustainability targets. So each of these play a vital role in determining whether the organization will remain competitive and maybe even relevant as the manufacturing operations are pushed to their boundaries. So as a counterpart to these new targets and the ever-changing businesses, the counterpart, the process automation systems of the future will also need to evolve and be ready to enable new levels of flexibilities, both to adopt the new technologies much faster pace and to adapt to those changing business demands. And some of those changing business demands are dynamic price fluctuations in energy, raw materials and which impacts on the whole product life cycle and unshortens it. So we can achieve efficiency in manufacturing through innovation and technology. And automation needs to be much more flexible and efficient and cannot be a roadblock for that innovation and evolution. So the future of automation is very wide open. So the industry 4.0 and digital transformation principles are clearly put out to enable and overcome the challenge of data connectivity, which is actually the key to achieve operational and energy engineering efficiency. But today's existing automation architectures, which are multi-level and layered, it's really hard to adopt to those emerging technologies. And after 50 years, it is not only more about hardware, it is about software that is driving automation to the next levels. And the IT world has been taking advantage of the technological advancements and the growth constantly and evolving in a much faster pace than that of the OT space. But nevertheless, we believe that automation will stay the key in the future as well with this in industry 4.0 and digitalization journey. It will still stay the key for innovation. But we just need to adapt to those technologies in a much faster pace. So advancements in today's computational power and communication bandwidth are opening doors to possibilities which were not available for OT systems in the past. And these new technologies and new advancements can help us unleash those constraints and really drive a software-driven digital transformation. So today's existing automation architectures were never designed for seamlessly integrating two IT-type applications, which resulted in a non-cohesive and layered architecture. I mean, the existing architecture, they served their purpose very well. They were designed for reliability and availability and they served their purpose. But today's IT advancements and technologies are bringing new additional software flexibilities, which are making it very difficult for the OT industries to adopt. So where is that problem in implementing such solutions on top of existing architectures? So I believe that the lock is actually the proprietoriness, proprietor in nature of the present architectures, software developed to run on a specific hardware platform, which creates a vendor lock for the end users. I mean, both end users and as well as vendors struggle to see that return of investment and value they make in their software development costs or that process applications that they have been using because these softwares and this process applications can only work on that particular hardware architecture. And the key for the future would be to really unlock that hardware and software dependence and have an open automation ecosystem, which enables portability and interoperability of software architectures across different platforms. Because having such an interoperable and portable software applications will actually help in a higher flexibility on that architecture itself and to create a distributed infrastructure, which can simplify the integration of data-driven functionalities like example predictive maintenance for eliminating asset failure, for example, and increase the overall production effectiveness. So instead of thinking about a certain functionality in a certain proprietary system, users could easily integrate IT type applications and software solutions and the best in class software integrated to their infrastructure much more easily. So this is what the end users demand far in the market through initiatives like the open process automation for. And that's what we are driving towards and then creating that open and interoperable automation systems that will act as an enabler to achieve those industry 4.0 principles and let the process manufacturers concentrate on achieving their sustainability goals and efficiency goals instead of worrying about the technology itself. Because the technology to do such innovations do exist in the markets and one of such technology and standard is IEC 61499 and it is one of the standards that OPAF adopts with its standard of standards approach. We in Schneider Electric believe that IEC 61499 has the potential to become that open next generation automation standard due to its nature of enabling portable and interoperable applications. Just to briefly introduce the standard itself, the standard is based on even driven functions. So an automation engineer would see a function block or an IT engineer would see a object, a black box, a software component. So each function is a software component but even in and even out at a data in data out structure just like an object oriented programming. The programming language inside that function is flexible and today we use IEC 61131 the well-known PLC standards but in the future that could be that could evolve into something else and it uses this black box principle that can be used to model distributed systems and because of the even driven nature it really helps in mixing the real-time process data with an actual right time data like a digital twin to run your simulations for example because we do have that advancement in that computing power to do to run such IT applications like simulations directly on the edge level. So you have the freedom of and the freedom of that programming language inside that function so it's easier to integrate to the IT world through IT type technologies like web sockets or method calls. So it's much more modern than the existing traditional proprietary architectures and the second point being the hardware independence of the standard helps in creating a highly distributed architecture. So you can create an application independent of a device or an underlying hardware platform and and and distribute it to a resource in a later stage and and and the resource could be anything from a smart smart device or a traditional controller or a container running in an industrial PC or a full-blown virtual server environment and this gives a full flexibility and freedom on the architecture choices for the end users and this freedom also helps in creating a future-proof architecture because if the traditional architecture of different layers and having redundant controllers works for a certain segment of industries then fine so you have that flexibility to create that architecture and if it makes sense to have a complete distributed architecture where you can run applications and intelligence on smaller devices and or on the edge levels you are fully flexible to do so. This hardware independence enables and it's the basic for that application portability so because the applications we develop on top of this it's much more valuable now for the end users and and they will move forward in that digital path. So open automation we believe will break the traditional automation world or the way automation world was working into three main parts rather than one monolithic system. Think of one layer of an abstraction between a software runtime from the underlying hardware platform and the second part which is a development environment of software that would be used to program that runtime and on the top an ecosystem of applications in an in an app store which will solve some specific problems in a in a in a concentrated way and and this and the main differentiator from this to today's world is that abstraction of software runtime and underlying hardware platform because we can get an architectural flexibility making it easier for the constant changes in manufacturing world or to handle hardware obsolescence in the market and and on the other side the softwares which we create on top of such a flexible platform will become portable and this would encourage companies to start building applications for this ecosystem specific to energy management or to sustainability or predictive maintenance machine learning so there could be applications developed by specialists in those fields to solve that particular problem just like our mobile phone worlds today so I could choose an app based on my likes and and what fits me and more the ecosystem grows you will have more options on those industrial applications which will indeed make a so-called plug and produce environment possible so we are moving from a low value proprietary applications where software applications are developed for one specific hardware platform to suddenly a high value application which will bring back the the return of investment for the vendors will give more value for the users and in turn the users in such an environment can concentrate on addressing the more important problems in hand like the quality flexibility and the sustainability targets that they need to achieve on right so this is an evolution of an ecosystem what we call as an universal automation where we achieve a software-based control based on the IEC 61499 standard in this case to achieve an open automation ecosystem and in turn create an interoperable and portable software components because this will help today's business managers and process manufacturers who are today focusing on controlling traditional business values things like revenue written of investments time to market but those values are changing in the new era to carbon neutrality and sustainability so with such an open ecosystem the business owners will no longer be limited they will be able to control not only the traditional financial based outcomes but for the new business values and outcomes like sustainability as well and as part of open process automation forum together with this IEC 61499 standard we are we are trying to achieve that interoperable and sustainable open automation ecosystem thank you for joining this session


Welcome into the original gangsters podcast another quick hitter edition I'm your host Scott Bernstein. Today I want to give some updates on the murder investigation into the Montreal Mafia leader Francesco Chit Del Basso's gangland slain back in June. We have some information that's come in, shout out to Paul Cherry and the National Post and what they've done in some of their reporting, but it's come out now that Chit Del Basso was on his way to meet the Hell's Angels at the Monster Gym in West Island part of Montreal the afternoon that he was killed in June 2023. We had been reporting here at original gangsters podcast as well as at the gangster report that Chit Del Basso's palace coup earlier this year where he tried to take out allegedly try to take out Rizzuto crime family godfather Leonardo Rizzuto was a power play backed by the Hell's Angels. We know that the Hell's Angels Motorcycle Club has been deeply interwoven into the history of the Montreal Mafia dating back to the 70s and 80s. Vito Rizzuto Leonardo's father cemented a lot of those ties even further during his reign and what we heard initially was that the Hell's Angels were back in Chit Del Basso's play when it fell flat and Rizzuto avoided assassination in that highway shooting back in March. We've had two guys arrested in that and we now believe that the Hell's Angels who had backed that play were now trying to make amends with the Rizzuto's and it seems like killed Chit Del Basso as a way to make things copacetic again that they made a mistake. We've heard that the order might have came in from across the border in America that the bosses in New York and out in California were upset with the optics, how it looked that the Hell's Angels looked to be supporting an attempt to an insurgent, an attempt to oust the Rizzuto's finally from the throne after a dozen years of warfare over in Canada, attacking the Rizzuto crime family, but it's now come out conclusively that Chit Del Basso who had been really laying low in the aftermath of that failed assassination attempt on Leo Rizzuto and would only have come out and got out into the open to be murdered, he would have only trusted a very few people at this point and it seems like one of those people was a Hell's Angel that drew him out into the open and he was killed in the parking lot of the Monster Gym going to meet a member of the Hell's Angels and this further I think shows us this nexus point between bikers and mobsters where they can benefit from each other and then there's always this kind of changing loyalties this is happening in real time it looked like Chit Del Basso had gotten the Angels and particularly Marty Robert who's the kind of the on the marquee right now for the Montreal Hell's Angels he's the guy that seems to have the most power over there and he knew a lot of the attendance he knew Chit Del Basso and it seems like he wanted to again we don't know this for sure but it seems like Marty Robert was at the forefront of the decision making I think I'm possibly on both fronts we don't know I'm just what I'm hearing from from my sources in law enforcement over there I know that Marty Robert and the Hell's Angels are under investigation for other things and this could possibly play into that investigation we could have dug tailing investigations so I just wanted to report that you know we now know it's not just speculation that the Hell's Angels played a role in this it seems like the investigators the the RCMP seems to have now nailed down the fact that Del Basso was going to meet the Hell's Angels the afternoon he was killed in June 2023 we'll keep you updated I just wanted to drop that in there and I'll see you next week Scott Bernstein OG pot


Here is a quick tip for you This is something that is fairly standard across operating system not necessary specific to Linux But to different applications and we know that shortcut keys on your keyboard Help move things along quite a bit faster than using the mouse all the time So I just want to show you this you may already be familiar with this But for those of you are not we're talking about address and location bars in programs mainly web browsers and file managers So I have both chrome and ice weasel, which is we'll just say a version of Firefox open here, and I also have funnar or This is I'm sorry. This is PC man File manager and I also have Nautilus open here So what we're going to do here is for example, I'll go into chrome here and I will scroll down. Let's say I'm just working on this page and I'm searching something here, okay? And now I want to go to a different page now.  You can see the same thing happens here in firefox or ice weasel control L And I can type in google.com okay now looking at PC man or really most file managers I can be in here I can go into certain folders and Let's say I want to go to my home floor right now. I'm an attempt folder I can press control L and I can do little squiggly and get to my home directory or control L And start start typing 10 and I can go to my temp directory another example, and I just close it, but Nautilus If you've used Nautilus or a lot of file managers nowadays if you go into sub folders, you'll see For example here. It's showing you I can click back and forth between different folders But if I'm already down and I'm looking at a file here moving around I can press control L and it turns those buttons into a Location bar that I can type in something like temp to go to my temp folder Just one of those things quick little tip if you are unaware of could save you a few seconds here and there But it's something you might do a hundred times a day saving you a minute a day So just thought I'd share that quick tip. Thanks for watching. Please visit films by chris comm That's chris the K. There should be a link in the description and as always I hope that you have a great day