From around the globe, it's theCUBE with digital coverage of next level network experience event brought to you by Infoblox. Welcome back to theCUBE's coverage. We're here in our Palo Alto studios. I'm John Furrier, host of theCUBE. We're here with Infoblox for their next level networking virtual event with theCUBE. Glenn Sullivan is our guest principal product manager with Infoblox, formerly with SnapRoute, theCUBE alumni. Great to have you back on, Glenn. Great to see you. And thanks for jumping on remotely. We're doing the remote thing, the remote cube. Good to see you. Yeah, it's great. I wish I could be in the studio. You guys have a great studio up there in Palo Alto. So I wish I could have joined you, but that's not possible right now. The governor's on, is off, we're going to get there. But when it does come back, we'll certainly do a lot more remotes than when it goes to a hybrid world. Hybrid sounds like the media business is turning into a cloud computing. You got public videos in person, you got hybrid and virtual, the cloud native world is certainly spawning everywhere now with COVID. And you guys are talking about next level networking, but with the word experience. I want to get your thoughts on that because it's been six months, you've been on the cube, a lot's happened, next level networking experience. Describe it. Yeah, it's really about processing things as close to where they need to be processed as possible. So you don't really want to put everything in the cloud. You don't really want to have everything happen on-prem. You want to do the right data processing where it's needed, have a little bit on-prem and have a lot in the cloud or vice versa. It's really about elastic scale. That's what I think about with cloud native technologies is being able to run whatever you need to run service-wise as close to the delivery mechanism of either the user or as close to the app in the cloud as you need to. That's really what it means by having elastic scale and we try to do that every day. And notice the word experiences in there. That's been super important because you build the provision, manage these services from the customer standpoint. I mean, I can't drive in, there's no space, the data center is closed, I got to go in. I now can do remotely. This is the key about having abstraction layer innovation. Certainly DNS, DHCP, IP address management, never going away, you got to connect stuff to the internet. I mean, the network is there. You got to make it more innovative. What's your thoughts on the impact of the network now the cloud native and open source specifically are driving more action? Well, there's a lot going under the hood, right? And you can't just manage things the way you used to be able to where you take and you buy a box and it's that cattle versus pets thing that we talk about in cloud native, right? Where you treat this appliance very specifically and very specially and you upgrade it and you're afraid to touch it. Now that you can't get the things you have to do everything lights out. So what we learned by applying technologies in the cloud, you didn't go into AWS's data center or Google's data center or Microsoft deserves data center and manage these things. So what we've learned about how to manage infrastructure across the board in networking and compute and storage now is even more important because everybody's lights out all the time now. And scale and speed is critical. I mean, Google's pioneered the concept of SRE site reliability engineer. What you're teasing out Glenn is same kind of concept for the network. You got to have the security. You got to have the scale. This is a huge point. Can you react to that? Yeah, it's about spinning up instances where you need them, when you need them. If networking equals a physical black box appliance that you specifically nurture and manage instead of just networking services, because DHCP is a networking service. DNS is a networking service. IPAM is a networking service. So you should be able to spin those up wherever you need to and manage those without having to worry about it all being tied to specific things that you have to manage in a very nurtured way.  You guys use that term. I've heard the borderless network. I mean, it makes sense, I guess. But what does the borderless enterprise mean to you? Well, it's really just an extension. If you think about it from the software defined perimeter concept before, people call it different terms now, but it's just saying that borderless means that I don't have people sitting in an office anymore. And if I do have people sitting in an office, they have the similar experience to people that are connecting remotely no matter where they are. So because there is no boundary to your network, right? Because the edges of your network don't match edges of your walls in your branches, that's pretty borderless to me, right? And you have to kind of think about, it's not just about adding more firewalls, it's not just about adding more network perimeter security. It's really about how do I apply foundational security across the board? And I've been at Infoblox now for a little over six months and I can tell you, it's great to see, thinking about these foundational services, right? These infrastructure services like DHCP, DNS and IPAM being really at the foundational layer of the security that you apply to your network, right? It's the first couple of things that happen, right? The first thing you do is you get an IP address, that's DHCP, you can figure out all kinds of stuff about a device that way. Then you start looking up services with DNS, right? And then it's like, okay, well, now I've got a lot more information about what the user's doing, where they're going and how to secure it, right? So these sound like they're really, you're playing vanilla protocol suites until you really start applying borderless security across the board with them. Yeah, a lot of machinations and also you now have massive amounts of connection points because with IoT, not only have more in terms of volume of things connecting, but they're being turned on and off very quickly. They have to get connected, so you have that going on. Yep, and then you got to make sure that they do what they're supposed to do, right? If they're supposed to phone home to a specific place that they only do that and that they haven't been hijacked and somebody isn't mimicking them with malware, there's all kinds of security threats when you start thinking about all the possibilities that IoT brings into account. Yeah, oh, some light bulb that you screw in, Wi-Fi enabled has a multi-threaded capability and who knows what's on there, right? I mean, this is what the reality is, no one knows what to connect, so a little hygiene comes a long way. I want to just get back into what you said. You've been there for a few months, you came from SnapRoute, which was doing some real pine work, that's where we did a feature interview on you and what you were doing there with that technology. With Borderless Enterprise, what is the role that CloudNave and Open Source play? Because this is your wheelhouse, I want to get your thoughts, because when you add that to Borderless, things kind of happen. There's two things that I like to think about. One, it's scaling things down as skinny as possible or as big as necessary, right? Elastic scale, right? We talk about cloud-native technologies, we always talk about elastic scale. Well, what does that mean? Well, that means that am I securing an entire data center? Am I securing a branch office? Am I securing a gas station? Or am I securing a person working from home? This is what we mean by elastic scale. It doesn't mean that I'm purpose building bespoke specific security profiles for those individual use cases. It means that I have a system that I can scale up and scale down no matter where those folks are, right? That's really what you have to do when you think about cloud-native technologies and the Borderless network is, you have to be able to run things as close to the user as possible or as close to the app as possible or somewhere in between. The second thing that I think is super key is abstraction, right? You can't manage everyone working from home or you can't manage as many instances as you need with everyone's individual laptop, right? This doesn't scale, right? Abstraction is key to cloud-native technologies because it means that I don't pay attention to anything that's below me, right? If I'm an SRE, I don't necessarily care about what type of servers that application sets running on. If I'm a network engineer, I don't really care about the fiber patch panels that connect my network devices together, right? Abstracting away the underlying infrastructure is key for cloud-native technologies. So as we add more and more devices, more and more endpoints, more and more users to manage, we have to make sure that we abstract the way the complexity of all the connections that need to be built between those users and whatever abstraction orchestration layer that we utilize. And so you almost peel back the onion from the early days of DNS and go to the core. Hey, I want to connect to this domain and packet moves from here to there across an IP address. Oh, let's add some abstraction on it. This has been the innovation formula for the internet for years, right? So how do you describe the next level? Because you mentioned, again, the word experience is in there. So next level means, okay, networks need to be programmable. You do have next level open source dynamic that you pointed out beautifully. What's that next level experience? How do you see the preferred future evolving? Because if you take this further, if you believe cloud-native provides some scale, as you pointed out, it should simplify these. Abstractionally, it should reduce complexity or abstract away the complexities and provide more simplicity. Absolutely, I mean, I always come out from an ops perspective because that's just my background, right? I was running networks for a long time before I started building network operating systems, right? I can tell you that what I need is visibility. I need to be able to see what's going on at any given moment. I need to be able to know that the things that I've deployed are up and running. I need to know that the information that I need to troubleshoot that, that the issues that arise is at my fingertips, right? Because I always think about it like the 3 a.m. call, the network engineer or a system in or the DNS admin or it doesn't matter who they are at 3 a.m., they got to wake up because they've just been paged and something's wrong. How do they get to what's broken? So that's one way to think about it. There's also the deployment way to think about it, right? Like, how can I deploy as many new users, as many new branches, as many new locations, whatever the process is. You hear zero touch provisioning, you hear all these other, these speeches and they come as part of a cloud native mentality, right? They mean that I don't have to do a whole lot of pre-thinking and pre-staging and pre-configuration and pre-thought before I deploy stuff, right? It means I need something, I deploy, whatever is required from a service level, I kickstart it, it bootstraps itself and it joins, right? I take away the headache of having to think about where something is or when it is. And that's a lot of the synergy that we had between what we were doing at SnapRoute and when we came to Infoblox, right? It was, I can tell you, we were pleasantly surprised by the platform that was built and we were like, okay, well, this is gonna be great. We can add services to this and we don't have to worry about having to go and reinvent the wheel because when you choose technologies like Docker containerization and choose technologies like Kubernetes orchestration and Kubernetes abstraction, you are a lot closer to where you need to be. I mean, one of the things that isn't super well known out there is that Core DNS is one of the major projects that Infoblox helps maintain within side of CNCF, the Cloud Native Compute Foundation, right? Core DNS ships at the core of every Kubernetes version from now on, as of a few versions ago. So if you think about it, Infoblox has got a lot of Cloud Native technologies built into everything that we do and we're one of the key maintainers of one of the key DNS features of something that's at the heart of Kubernetes and I don't have to tell you how popular Kubernetes is. Yeah, we've chatted about that. It sounds like it's the kernel of all the action, DNS, the core DNS for Kubernetes. Exactly, exactly. It's definitely at the core there. Glenn, I want to get your thoughts. First of all, I love chatting with you. You mentioned your operating background but also you could bring a lot of dev into it too. So this is ultimately, to me, the inflection point of where DevOps goes mainstream because you used to do ops for a fruit company, Apple. Yes, yes. Big one. Very popular fruit company called Apple and we know how hardcore they are. Actually, they lean heavily on, you know, lock it down, make sure everything's secure. I mean, it's well known in the Silicon Valley and around the world, certainly in tech circles, the security mindset. High, large-scale operations. Now you bring that also the DevOps aspect of it with Cloud Native. As that world has to become secure and networks, it's an ops game. Let's face it, no matter how much DevOps you sprinkle into the equation, at the end of the day, it's ops. Operations of networks, high availability, large scale. But now you have a little bit of development going on top. The programmable internet has to get to the network layer. What's your take on that? Because you still need security. You want to have the capability to do some advanced automation. These are hot new trends. And networking people are now hearing this, not for the first time, but it's the new thing where it's like, okay, I can have my ops, but I got to do something now. So what makes sense of this? Where are we in this whole programmable networking aspect? Yeah, there's sort of two schools of thought. And it's interesting what's happening, right? You've got kind of on the extreme left side, you've got, I just treat the network like it's dumb plumbing and I run all of my software overlays on top of it. And I basically treat the network like it doesn't exist. And it's kind of a situation that's been perpetuated by the silos that are out there where you have the network engineers and the server, compute engineers or SREs. And then it's like, well, these folks never have to talk to each other because we just treat the network like it doesn't exist and we run overlays on top. And some of the vendors in the server overlay, security space has been really proud of that interaction. And I could tell you that that's one way of doing it, but it's not the optimal way, right? Like when I was a network engineer, I could tell you, you're trying to build credibility, right? So if I was talking to a network engineer now and I'd say, like, how do you get your credibility built with your server folks? It's kind of like learning a different language, right? If you try to speak the other language, the person actually is appreciative of that and will help you. So I always found, you know, findings you can automate, run that code base, you know, figure out the API structures, build some pseudo code together to make it happen and figure out what you're doing over and over and over again and automate it, automate away, right? And that's some of the nice things that are the same here, right? Everything we could ever want to do in any GUI is all, you know, rest API underneath the hood, right?  They know it and they use it and people are happy with it.   I'm sorry? It's not rocket science. No, start with Ansible. You'll learn some Python. You'll learn some Django on top of that and then keep running, right? Keep automating on top of that. All right, great stuff, Glenn. I know you've got a tight deadline. Appreciate you coming on for this virtual fireside chat as part of the Infoblox Next Level networking virtual event. What specifically can companies do to get what they need from a technology standpoint to secure the borderless enterprise? How do you see it playing out now that you're on the Infoblox side from Snap route with what Infoblox has, which is a holistic portfolio approach, a holistic view. What are you guys offering customers and how do they secure their borderless enterprise? Really, really start with DDI, right? I know DDI is something that is not specific to Infoblox, but if you look at what we're doing with the NSDHCP and IPAM, it's really the foundational layer to start securing the rest of your network. We don't necessarily, you know, make it so you don't need the rest of your security stacks that are running on top, but we do optimize them and we make it so you can right size them. And we really think that if you focus on getting that layer solid and you really focus on the DNS security, you can apply a lot of lightweight, high impact features as early on in the packet forwarding process as possible, right? If you think about, I'm a network edge of your heart. So I always think about the path of the packet from the start to the end. And DDI happens really early in the process. If you get that right, the rest of your security infrastructure built on top of that is just going to work that much better. You're the principal product manager at Infoblox, formerly with Snapbra. How do you fit into this? What product are you managing? Can you give a little bit of background on kind of what you're working on? So I'm an emerging technologies, PM. So basically anything kind of new and cool that we look to add to our platform, it'll come out of myself and my group. And Kubernetes obviously is one of them. Well, Kubernetes is already there.  So everything that we're building on my team is all building on top of that well solid platform that's already been developed. There's definitely demand out there. You're starting to see the big companies like VMware, very operational focused companies start acquiring cloud native and open source kind of a new kind of section for them. Obviously it's a tell sign. The markers are all there in terms of the trends. What are people missing? What's real? What's vapor? What's reality? When you look at the landscape and what does Infoblox bring to the table? So I think what's important to know is that when you're looking at open source technologies, a lot of them have been hardened over many years and there's new stuff coming out all the time and there's definitely new uses for them. But what's kind of important is what you put on top, right? Everyone's got open source under the hood or they've got technologies they've OEM'd under the hood, but the experience that you present to customers is really key because you can take any kind of open source project and wrap a very thin layer on top of it and you can either trump up the open source topics and say, this is the open source software we use underneath or you can downplay it and say, hey, this open source software, we don't really talk about what's under the hood and it just all works magically. We find that transparency is really helpful. You let people know what's under the hood and you contribute to it and you show that you're involved in this community and you use that as a leverage to kind of push forward. So if you look at what we're doing with some of the different projects within, Blocks When DDI uses KIA and we're part of ISC that's part of the maintainers of that, like we're openly in this space, right? And I already mentioned Cordy and us before, right? So you can either take open source and use it and pretend that you don't or you can take open source and contribute to it and be a community member and be an advocate and usually when you're on that side of the equation, you end up in a better place with your customers building confidence in your customer base. That's great stuff. Glenn Sullivan, thanks for coming on. I really appreciate it. I'll give you the last word in a nutshell. If I have cloud native and open source, how do I secure my borderless enterprise? Think about it as close to where the source is as possible and scale things elastically so that you can do as much processing of the user experience as possible so that you aren't trying to funnel everything to a single place and apply some magical policies in a single centralized location to where you have to process a lot of data across the board. If you think about it from a hybrid approach where you've got a little bit on-prem and you've got a little bit in the cloud or in some combination that's right for your organization, the hybrid approach that really trumps the local survivability and really keeps focus on securing things as close to the user as possible or as close to the source as possible, then you're going to be in good shape. Glenn, great stuff. As always, a masterclass in networking. Appreciate the insights. Thanks for coming on this Infoblox next level, networking virtual venture with Cuba. I'm John Furrier, your host. Stay with us and thanks for watching.


Three pilots assigned to the screw tops of Airborne Early Warning Squadron 123 were awarded the Armed Forces Air Medal for valor aboard the aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower. The pilot's valor was demonstrated on March 18th after saving an E2C Hawkeye from crashing into the water after an arresting cable snapped during their landing. Lieutenant Commander Kellan Smith was the aircraft commander that day. This is a bit of an eternity, if you will, so, but in that instant, things just clicked. The training that we've done for years of flying, I mean myself from the flight for almost 12 years now, we were able to hold our set attitude and Matt was able to experimentally kind of keep us climbing away and get us away from that water. Smith and Lieutenant Commander Thomas Browning were awarded their medals in a ceremony aboard the Ike. Lieutenant Matthew Hallowell, who is not present for the ceremony, is now an instructor for new Hawkeye pilots. The screw tops are currently deployed with the Eisenhower Carrier Strike Group in support of Operation Inherent Resolve. For USS Dwight D. Eisenhower, I'm Petty Officer Michael R. Gendring.


As the sun is dawning, I'll go to the wet Get my wood from the bush to make me tea And eat my bread till I fill me belly Then I get ready to go outside and play My friends from next door to run with me to the store To get some salt, beef and flour for mama to cook Make some snitcher to drink to wash down the food My behaving back, everything is fine Things were better back then You didn't have to worry at all but lock in your door Like your neighbor, take care of your son and your daughter We had no bed so we had to sleep on Sitting by the fire talking with condo And he phoned them and concladiated on them Them old people we used to be sitting around Having one heck of a good what was happening them days That island life was saying something And that's when this country was saying something Jack Trust me, who know That what I say is true


our government should have done better in ensuring that the almost 3,000 Nigerians in Khartoum, especially or the whole of Sudan, are catered for. As soon as it was clear that things were breaking down, even before the actual exchange of fire, we should have been thinking about what do we do to get our people out? That's what a country, that is what being called a country does to provide for the security of its citizens wherever they are. So it doesn't have to be to take a group because most of the students are students from the northern part of the country. That's why the CNG was the one issuing the statement, but it doesn't matter who issues the statement. The fact of the matter is we have been lax. You mentioned the fact that Nigeria is planning. Planning was what you used. It's not that evacuation is taking place. The Ethiopians were allowing other citizens of other countries to enter Ethiopia. Our students that took it upon themselves to try to find their safety when their government is not rising up for them were being turned back by, from what I just saw in some video going viral, were being turned back that they hadn't the visa to enter. That tells you about the extent to which our government really cares about its citizens because every Nigerian, and I listened to Aliko Dangote complaining about how even he, the richest man in Africa, because he's carrying a Nigerian passport, is treated around the world. What's our government doing in ensuring that yes, we get better respect than is currently the case? Our government should have done better in ensuring that. Yeah. Well, that was Professor Baba Femi Badejo talking about the situation in Sudan right now. And one line I got from there, a country that is what being called a country should have done better. Should have done XYZ that enumerated. When you saw that things were degenerating, you should have acted rather than leaving it to this point. And I just don't want, I just can't wrap my head around the fact that Nigeria was still, as I said yesterday, planning until maybe because they have the peace, air peace offering to take them for free. That is why an action is going to be done today. And moreover, they're saying 2000, about 2000 out of the 5,500 or more. And you know, that takes us back to something that Chris Candy Wando said, the analysts that joined. There was a time when Nigeria, in such a situation, would quickly evacuate its people and even help countries from citizens from other countries to move and then they start finding their way home from Nigeria. So you asked the question, when did the ball stop bouncing? Who dropped the ball? Who dropped the ball? Why is Nigeria regressing? Because this is not the first time this is happening. And it's rather unfortunate that our children have to be left to themselves to begin to look for how to help themselves out of such a situation. When you're in a war situation, no, nothing ready in the textbook will matter because now they're saying don't seek self-help. But how confident are they that their government is going to do something even if they say it? And those are the issues. And now, why is it that Nigerians of all the countries, Nigerians alone will not be allowed access into other countries where people are seeking asylum, at least temporary asylum, until their countries evacuate them or until the war is over? That's the question, what valley does Nigeria have out there?  Does it bring pride to you or bring something else to you? It's terrible. Okay, I think we're being joined by Dr. Onimo De Abdullahi Bandelay, the director of special duties NEMA and chairman for the evacuation of stranded Nigerians in Sudan. Let's see if he's there. Doctor Bandelay, good morning and welcome to the program. I think his microphone is doing ceasefire as well. And it's not even funny. We need to have this discussion because we were supposed to have had him yesterday and then we couldn't have him because of glitches and we just cannot afford this glitch because Nigerians want to hear from him being in charge of the evacuation of the stranded Nigerians in Sudan. Do we have him on? Yes, I'm here, I hear you. Okay. Dr. Onimo De Abdullahi Bandelay, it's good to have you. Good morning, thank you for having me. All right, so the question on our lips and on the lips of every Nigerian is when are our people coming to Nigeria from Sudan? Good morning. Good morning, Nigerians. Like you must have heard that we told the general public yesterday, the movement from Khartoum to Egypt is to commence today. And until that start, that we can give you a definite time when there will be Nigeria because the distance between Khartoum and our ports, where the air will take place, is over at around a kilometer. So you can imagine what if you take them before they arrive at that destination. Okay, but we hear that they are up to 5,500 or above people stranded in Sudan of Nigerian origin, Nigerian origin. Now we're hearing also, maybe it's true or not true, that only about 2,000 will be airlifted today from Sudan to wherever you're taking them before they get to Nigeria. Are these the actual figures or you have different figures? Thank you very much. When this initial plan started, we saw the population of about 5,000 stranded Nigerians. But that yesterday, I confirmed from the ambassador in Khartoum that the plan is to move 3,500 stranded Nigerians into Egypt for airlifts. Let me quickly add that as I speak to you, the director general of NEMA, Mustafa Habib Ahmed, is already on ground in Egypt for the past four days, working in conjunction with our ambassador, His Excellency Ambassador Nasir Rini in Egypt, coordinating the reception for these Nigerians at the border of Sudan with Egypt. So that is where we are this morning. All right, your agency and indeed the federal government have received knocks for the delay in action. But we're not going to dwell on that because we're moving forward from that to this day where we now have a situation where they are bearing the process to evacuate them has begun. I want to know the level of communications you have with Nigerians there and if they are all safe, if there are no casualties and exactly their state of welfare at this point in time? Thank you very much. Let me quickly call despite that impression that Nigeria was slow to act, it was a crisis situation. I will not because we want to get our nationals out and engage anybody's life. You must have read from the news that even Egypt that is closer to Sudan just concluded the evacuation yesterday and they lost an official in the process. Nigeria don't want to go into that, we don't want to lose official, we don't want to lose our city. We're waiting for a safe corridor which we now have to move this people out. Consigning communication, the embassy is in touch with Nigerian nationals in Sudan and it is the same embassy that has communicated then the time and burning for departure to Egypt. Okay, but since you've touched on the topic, what actually did Nigeria do? What were their arrangements like? Because right now what we hear is that an airline of Nigerian origin has volunteered to take these children free of charge. If he hadn't volunteered, what did the government do? Because these are some of the things that make people not to trust the words of government and that's why maybe some of them were seeking self-help and the government had to send a message that they should stay indoors and wait. So what actually was the plan of government before AAPIS volunteered to lift this people up? Thank you so much for the Nigerian nationals that have self-evacuated, we feel their pain. We know what was most in their mind was safety. However, it is a wrong impression that we unfolded our arms in the inner planning process. Commercial airlines of Nigeria origin were already contacted before the good will of Mr. Ayama Ali. I must confess to you that I spoke with him personally yesterday and he's in very high spirits that will be ready to commence evaporation as soon as information reaches the airline. That will only happen when we have a safe movement between Khartoum and Egypt. All right, throw some light on this issue which has been on the leaps of Nigerians since yesterday and that is the fact that the students made some efforts to help themselves, they tasked themselves 100 dollars each so that they could exit through Khartoum into Ethiopia but they were not allowed passage while nationals from other countries were allowed passage. Can you throw more light on that? Is that true and if that is true, why did the Nigerian students receive such treatment from the Ethiopians? Thank you very much. Let me quickly add here that my line of communication or the line of communication between us at home and Nigerian national khartoum is through the embassy. There was no student body that we spoke to. There was no information from the embassy that students are being taxed to pay money. So as far as we are concerned at the agency, we are not aware of that. However, we are not unaware that some students tried to save a banquet through Ethiopian border and when they got stranded, efforts were made to speak to Nigeria Basadu and Addis Ababa who did enude Baba through this government of Addis. I have not confirmed this point, what is the position of that enude Baba or to say Nigerians were denied. These are inter-country movements that are diplomatic in nature. So I would not want to comment much on that because I am not saddled with the responsibility of that diplomatic assignment, but rather the Nigerian ambassador in Addis Ababa is handy. Movement of the citizens out of Sudan is very timely. It tallies with the time line given for the ceasefire. But what if the ceasefire breaks down again? Because we have seen it the first time, before it even began, the fighting still continued. So what if this one breaks down and it doesn't last for the 72 hours that is projected to last? Is there a plan B? Before that information went out, our embassy in Khartoum has worked out all this modality to ensure that we are not cut off, should increase there is another break down in the ceasefire. So we are very optimistic that we will have been out before any ceasefire break down if that happens. All right, just before we go, you said that before, just for clarity and emphasis. So there is an ongoing process to get them out of Sudan as we speak. The first batch of Nigerians are going to be, the Nigerians to be evacuated are going to be in the cover of 40 buses that are cut from Khartoum. 40 buses to Egypt? Yes, 20 from Khartoum. What of the second batch and the final batch? I don't know how many batches there will be. What I'm saying is if people are about to move now already have 40 buses on ground. So as is the process, as it continues, I will update you since I'm in touch with your station. Dr. Nimode Abdullah Ibandele is the Director Special Deities, NEMA and Chairman for the evacuation of stranded Nigerians in Sudan. Thank you so much for your time and updates on the situation, which is very... Before I go, before I collect the information, the Director General of NEMA, Mustafa Bibermez, the Chairman, Federal Government for Mithuan Disadvacuation and like his operation officer base at home here. Thank you. Thank you for the correction. Thank you so much. Okay, yeah. We've been talking to him and it's been, you know, it's gladdening that we were able to talk to him and we've been assured that our people are going to be evacuated. We can't wait for the last of them to leave Sudan. Whatever happens next is less dangerous than being in a country that is fighting now, fighting with itself, not fighting rebels this time around. I've not heard it before that a government just fights itself. The opposition, as it were, was supposed to be the leader, was supposed to be the Prime Minister of the country. So government and government just fighting is more dangerous because now you don't know who to run to. Both of them are fighting. It's terrible. The government, the military of the country and those that the government put in place, the President, the Manning Church had put in place for himself as Plan B, clashing. That's what's going on. And it's unfortunate because at the end of the day, it is the grass that suffers. It is Africa that suffers. It is Africans that suffer. It is us that are losing. We need to begin to look in what's at sea. Because at the end of the day, don't forget humanitarian crisis will arise from this. Well, that's it. We've been talking about our people, not children now, because the age bracket, some of them you can't call them children. But our people are in Sudan, but we are happy that they're going to be evacuated now. If you were not aware and, okay, well, we are going to take a short break. And when we return, we'll be talking about what is happening in the Twitter space and the tech space as it is. So just stay with us.


Bro, is JoJo about to die?  So it looks like we're gonna have to do JoJo week very soon How does that sound because not only did you guys get that last video to 10,000 likes But I just don't want to stop watching this show. I love it. It makes me happy I feel like I've finally found an anime. I could connect with physically mentally and spiritually I started practicing my own Hammond as if the last episode wasn't crazy enough It looks like this episode and the next one.  Let's get to JoJo Nick that was cringe.  Alright, let's get to the show We're doing the bloody battle JoJo and Dio. They're fighting on their periods. This is what I've been waiting for God damn look at this man. Now. That's a man slap that child. I'm joking. I'm joking. I don't endorse that maybe a little What kind of Imagine you were just having a family dinner Getting slapped by your dad another daily activity the McDonald's French fry man Aaron Yeager the LGBTQ Hulk and 90-year-old Aang are just waiting outside your house I feel like each person is a different race and I don't mean like white black I mean like different different like one's Newman and one's an alien This is dead This is the beginning of your arc now all you need is your father to die blood feud JoJo I Said I didn't want to see that. Why are you hanging out with these things?   Dio What happened to you I'm never looking at Zeke Yeager the same Are you in the right anime you belong in one punch man you'd fit right in Yes Man just do it. Why are you asking her fuck?    Oh, it's it's just bag man. Okay See I could play this guy.  Oh my god. I'm like God damn She was packing under that Yeah The suicide squad is here. Oh My god now. He really looks like an anime character. Look at him. Luckily. It's three faces Huh, he made me bleed. I bled 20 times in the last episode. I can't believe again Like what is this?  Why do you smile?  Here we go. I've been waiting for a pose all day Now he's gonna play jump rope with the snakes Why is french fries smiling? How about you help?   I feel like it was just yesterday What was the dog's name bro Billy?     Oh, that's everyone that died his father That did they all died because of him low-key if you think about it That's what I was made of all how many Jojo's we're gonna get in one episode What do you do now you get into fear the one time I don't want you to I have a right to satisfy my anger first bro jerk off on your own time I Knew Zeppely for an extra decade The other guy in the back seem to be like I knew him for an extra century.  I think he really is gonna empty his bowels on him You felt for a bucka The split attack was coming out of there. I'm not again You learn nothing.  What do you figure skating? He's gonna start spinning. We can't help him because of the 1v1.   He doesn't even have a torso anymore Yo, we're just watching I'm actually mad Jojo with your turn everybody watch as I do the same thing to Jojo He threw a rose at him.  He did not have to fight alone.    I thought the life points were about to show up Look, he's about to block him. You just fly away All right now we have things for the side characters to fight. There we go All right, Aaron, what are you doing?  I feel like they recorded this back in the 30s his voice specifically Look at him.  There goes an arm an arm for an arm, right? I Bet he has another one Damn Zeke that's not the only lima. See oh my god. Yeah, I've watched that not even be him Yeah, let's just watch this Come on Hot Wheels Speedwagging sure as he doesn't live up to his name. I love him though. It's okay Does he not feel this? I got a paper cut the other day, and I felt like I was dying There we go speed wagon's gonna fight the arm Keep these peasants back. They were staying back. You didn't have to say that they were watching this entire time He is throwing the son at him He's still posing with one arm now when I lose my arm. I know what to do That's why I didn't react to his head getting sliced apart because I knew he was fine That that was an end of the episode type thing and we still have like 10 minutes left Yep, that's all you got to do He squeezed it out by squeezing his traps together A monkey cannot stand against a human. I see planet. It's your wrong Jojo. I mean Dio He's been charging at the whole episode.  It just did a trick shot punch.  They're like we need that season for now drowning sounds put him on the water He's not dead. What are you doing?  This is like the Jojo mansion They were falling for the whole episode that mansion was like the size of the twin towers stacked on top of each other How long is he gonna be falling maybe about a time the attack on Titan movie part 2 comes out Is he gonna cry?  He actually did it.  It looks like a transformer now At least help him up That's beautiful Yeah, he finally did it until we see Dio buddy at the D episode and he's fine Because It's like three more seasons or like 90 more seasons bro, but but I appreciate your love. Oh My oh, I love that shot. Oh Shit, that's a beautiful shy the final ripple.  He's still falling. I can't believe it He's fine His Face got sliced in half.  I can't believe it's fine He's fine Yes, all right now disintegrate the rocks, okay Okay, go to the incinerator and burn it to death.  Can y'all get it right?  That's terrible all the money in the world to go to America And it looks like he's going to New York in the next episode do Jojo.  This guy's just casually standing here like we've seen him before I bet we have I just don't remember Father sticks I Wouldn't trust father sticks What's in there?  I heard it. I would not open as you throw it overboard. Just leave it on the boat I don't get paid enough to open that box.  I feel like any second.    He's fine. He's an anime father still alive somehow Well, it's gonna end that made me worry. I'm worried Oh My god, you saw the separation Shit. Oh, no. Oh, what's in the liquid? Is that Dio's blood? I can't I can't Dio's never dying I Not even an episode past And I respect you I'm on my third life. I actually can't believe it Jojo. I can't believe we're already here and say Jojo already I thought I'd do at least one episode without hearing it.   Why is she coming this way? Oh god. No What's about to happen is she gonna take her body? Oh, no. Oh, no. Oh, no No, no, I don't like this.  He would have just watched.  He's on the boat. Get your kids away from him.  There's the next main character This little Jojo Is this what my honeymoon is gonna be like? This is why I'm leaving America, bro This is what you get for going to America. You just ask for it. Here we go positive music. That means he's gonna be fine Why she grow she's just like everybody else. They just watch You just wait a few minutes. Yeah, let's just wait Let's just wait let's just wait for him to think of something and then let's wait for him to say what he's thinking and explain How he's gonna beat it This is fine. This is enemies against. I love it. Let's just give him a few minutes. Have you learned nothing? What's about to happen here?  Oh my god There he goes wankan. That's what you get but now listen into the main character You're fine. You're fine. I actually trust him more to witness now that he's alone and nobody's watching him You would expect me to trust him to survive When all of his friends are by him, but they don't do shit, but watch they're horrible friends So I'm I think he'll be fine His head is floating Why is she crying she was literally crying at two birds hugging each other, but she's perfectly fine with her husband dying It's why you don't trust women Look, she ain't crying. Yeah, let's just talk. I don't know if I should cry or scream.  This is my Titanic.  Oh My god, this is love.  I think everybody could die.    I can't believe what just happened No wonder why he's not in the posters. I was wondering.  What?   What are we on the 40th Jojo? What is he the avatar the next Jojo's born?   This is the prologue Welcome to anime. This is anime anyways guys. I'm loving this show. I cannot wait to start the next part I'm going to Disney World this week. So don't expect the Jojo episode. So like the end of the week probably Friday Is that a day or next week? I'm gonna try to do one when I get home But yeah, I'm gonna be thinking about this shit at Disney World man. I'm gonna start to get Jojo's everywhere Who know I might be the next Jojo in the next season. I love you guys. Bye


All right, everybody. Welcome back. It's Veronica Howard. So I know this whole time we've been talking about behavior and we've been talking about the consequences of behavior, but we've left out something that's really important when you're trying to evaluate what's happening with a person's responses. We've kind of left out the context where that behavior occurs. And so remember, we need to know about where behavior occurs. We need to know that our client is emitting behavior in a particular context. So let's go back to basics. Let's just talk about our ABCs. We've talked about behavior. We've talked about consequences, but we have to really understand the environment that sets the occasion for behavior for us to understand why our client chooses to emit certain responses under certain circumstances, which is to say, remember that behavior doesn't occur in a vacuum. We want to understand where our client is coming from. So we have to understand a little bit more about the context in which their behavior is occurring to help them out. So remember, we have behavior. Behavior is followed by consequences. Those consequences influence the future rate of the behavior. Reinforcement results in more behavior. Punishment or extinction will result in less behavior, but we want to be adding in this third layer of understanding now. So we're going to switch to talk about antecedents. The stuff that happens before behavior, they can set the occasion for that response and the antecedent then influences whether or not the behavior occurs. So throughout this entire topic, we're going to be talking about antecedents. We're going to be talking about the context around behavior. Sometimes you'll hear behavior analysts refer to something called the three-term contingency, and that just refers to the antecedent or the context where the behavior occurs, the circumstances surrounding the behavior. They'll talk about the behavior itself. We define it. We measure it. We try to figure out what it happens and what makes it go up and what makes it go down, and we talk about the consequences, the effect that the behavior produces in the environment. This is even itself a little bit simplistic because you'll remember before we've talked about the four-term contingency. Insofar as we also want to be thinking about establishing operations or motivating operations, those things that change the value of reinforcement, motivation operation is some sort of environmental event that's going to change or alter the value of the reinforcer. An establishing operation increases the value of a reinforcer. A abolishing operation decreases the value of the reinforcer. So if we pop back just really, really quickly here, when we add in an establishing operation, it's going to increase the value of the reinforcer. It might actually change or increase the rate of the behavior because the reinforcer is more valuable. A couple more definitions that you'll want to know moving forward. We talk about discriminative stimuli. A discriminative stimuli or an SD is a stimulus that's present when and only one reinforcement will occur. So it tells or predicts or communicates to the learner. If you emit the response under these circumstances, then you are likely to contact reinforcement. And remember discriminative stimuli developed through experience, either through direct experience, having been in that environment before and contacted that reinforcer. You could also have a kind of rule governed or you could communicate to the learner that under these circumstances, if you emit the response, then you'll contact reinforcement. But let's focus on the direct experience for the most part here. We also talk about things called S deltas or a stimulus delta and S delta is a stimulus or environmental circumstance that's present when if the behavior occurs, it will not contact reinforcement. So an example of SD versus S delta would be imagine that you're very thirsty, you're coming into class in the morning, you pass a vending machine, it's got all these wonderful energy drinks, the light in the machine turns on. That light turning on is a discriminative stimulus. It says, hey, drinks are available. If you put your money in me behavior and you press the buttons, then you'll get the drink consequence. But if you walk past the vending machine and light doesn't turn on, or you're looking at the vending machine, there are no lights on, there's no indication that it's going to take your money. In that case, under those circumstances, your behavior of putting the money in and selecting a beverage may not be reinforced. Lights on would be a discriminative stimulus, whereas lights off may be an S delta. We also want to talk about a discriminative stimulus for punishment. So this is a special stimulus that is present when punishment will occur for a behavior. So most of us, for instance, if we're passing a police officer and we might be exceeding the speed limit a little bit, we'll slow down because that police officer is a discriminative stimulus for punishment. They're the context that says if you're emitting naughty behavior right now, we will pull you over and give you a ticket. So when you're evaluating the three term contingency, look to see whether there are predictors, environmental circumstances that could communicate to the learner what's going on in those circumstances. And finally, I want to leave you with some language. When we talk about behavior that is more likely to occur under some circumstances rather than others, when we have a behavior that's more likely to occur in the presence of a discriminative stimulus than in the absence or in the presence of the S delta, we see that we have a discriminated behavior or a discriminated response. So I'm including this really wonderful far side cartoon by Gary Larson, because this is a perfect example of behavior that's not under stimulus control. This is not a discriminated response because in the presence of this particular SD, the sign, we should see one and only one response. We should see the pull response occurs much more often than what you see happening here where the student is pushing on the door. So this behavior is not under stimulus control. This is not a discriminated response. In order to have a discriminated behavior, you'll have to have one response become more likely in the presence of that stimulus than in the absence. We don't see that here. So come on back. We'll give some more examples of discrimination training and how it occurs in practice, and then we'll apply this or we'll synthesize this information with some other content that you may have learned in other courses. I'll see you guys next time.