Inflammation isn't always bad. When you get a splinter or cut yourself, the wound can get all red, hot, swollen, painful, pussy. Inflammation is one way our bodies fight off infection. So we do need some arachidonic acid to trigger the inflammatory cascade, but we don't need to eat any since our bodies make all we need. Our carnivores like cats, arachidonic acid, is an essential nutrient.  We, however, evolved from plant-eating apes, and so we evolved to make it ourselves. It's like cholesterol. Our bodies need some cholesterol, so our bodies make all we need. There's no need to take an extra through our diet, and in fact too much cholesterol is a bad thing. The same thing may be true with arachidonic acid. If you want to try to stay away from the stuff, these are the top 10 sources in the American diet, as you can see overwhelmingly chicken and eggs. So even semi-vegetarians can drop their levels down, though one would have to eat vegan to optimally minimize one's intake.


Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated. At this time, it's my honor to introduce you to the Center for the God of Medicine. Good morning, everybody. Thank you so much for coming. As Director of Graduate Education on behalf of the program director and staff at the State Department, we welcome you this morning to the Center for the School of Art and Education Medicine's business program at Aerospace Medicine Center. I would like to welcome guests who come in quite happy to welcome them. I would also like to thank our fellow faculty members and the people who are here in the military today. I'd really like to take the time to thank you for being here today. And press upon the audience how much. I'd like to take off the registry room now. So I would just say thank you. This day would not have happened. Please do not leave today until you get a personal thank you. Of course, I'd like to welcome most of the students, our fans, our friends, and family. It's such a good time to be here today. I would like to thank you for all of you who have been here today. I would like to thank all of you for being here today. Thank you. I would like to thank you for being here today. I will now talk to our guest today. We are very happy to have you here today. Thank you. I would like to thank everybody who has been here today. I would like to welcome you to the Center for the School of Art and Education. These graduates not only met the chap, they offered himself. But my prejudice is that they didn't accept him. Everyone passed away for what they should have. Trevor achieved a master's degree from perfect or near-perfect, from very low aptitude. He received written back on regular basis from receptors from limitations. And in some cases, some job offered to pay but the classic happened yet. They agreed for him to put himself on this program and meet the visions to our curriculum and establish a new 30-hundredth degree. They published major gifts in medical journals, audio presentations in national and international audiences, scientific conferences, and an excellent on-representation, airspace and a submarine polar lasso. Congratulations. To celebrate the great achievements you're fortunate to have a significant person in our community. My daughter recently graduated from the University of Florida. Two people was there to teach me. The theme of this month is that we should strive and be successful, but not also being significant. Lose the ability to be really impactful. I'm Sam Sallack. I've witnessed life near-on-the-line. We grew up on a graph. In fact, his problem was his illusion of an inner-care program. I entered the Army and worked with him and took a spear within Special Forces Community to attend military medical school and a ram in college service and high school. If I stopped there, we would be impressed with military care and a lot of stories we've lessen to learn. But the reason he was invited home today for the significant impact is that he's had on our first days of high school. Some of the things he's responsible for spearheading challenge the notion of only grading positions in Washington State High School. He's followed the Residence 11 curriculum that developed those young residents that matched with the Army in 1982. Recognized the relationship with K&LM and expected to go through the Army and the Army. Brought the Residence into the home of the Army in Asia. Hoped to really improve Residence during the time when the Army naturally put it back. Most importantly, unwavering belief in something such operational medicine at a ram and not only do, but should leave the way. I can tell you when I speak to rams, Army handymen, I came to the program and they continued to speak to the pilot, the impact to me and on us, and the sound wisdom that it imparted. And that, I say to them, ladies and gentlemen, I'm proud honor to welcome the retired from the South for the department. We are clothing that has sustained this Residence program. All the education and the experience get provided as we have to be open here. For Wauper Army, Receptors, University of Florida, Lester on the Health Clinic, or the Merit Medical Research Lab, Stakey Center, Merit Medical Activity, and the Aviation Center, are so valuable in the training of the world-class business. I would also like working at the Skinny Stats to understand leadership, to step in as Receptors today are ready to make this all happen and ease the organization that is calling it. We can help Indonesia, we can help the medical staff, we can help staff working hard. And Mr. Stoltz, who is always behind the scenes and also the CMS staff, they are under-recognized, and unrecognized office, but behind the scenes hard work are the foundations of the program and also friends and families who are here and on the bench. The graduate's work is extremely hard in the past few years, traveling schoolwork, transportation, and at the same time, please congratulate them in the bottom of the heart. The graduate and one business are going out in the world to do great things in the future. Again, thank you so much for attending this ceremony. Ladies and gentlemen, please stand for play.


I'll hear fishing this pond. I used to fish on my grandpa guys. I'm fishing a wacky rig He's fishing a shaky head. That's a little bass, bro.  I'm out of the town a frog. I'll call some good ones on frogs here I'm gonna have to throw it on a spinning spinning around the little one. I'm gonna give them some better ones That's why I'm tying on a frog.  I can't do it with the spinning roll bro. I Can't tell he's running on me or a lost it. I don't know hold on. I'm well. I got my guy. Okay. I'm like oh my god. Oh my god That's a slouch Look at that, bro What did I say? I'm like I'm gonna have no hook set that is awesome, dude. It was all the way across the way You know, I didn't even move it. Oh my god. That's awesome guys. That's how they eat it right there Look at that all the way across the lake That's a chunk We need to get a picture of this one. All right guys.  I just can't take this right now. You got it. I hooked him good Hi, I'm on the tree lessons on the phone, but come on on the tree this land down You know what I forgot to do Got another one guys on the shaky it it's probably hard to see Starting to get dark out but decent one right there Just having some fun fishing some ponds guys Another nice one on the weightless Sanko


Although the star has owned plenty of beautiful houses over the span of her career, her current family home in Thousand Oaks is something else. Britney's 21-acre estate is worth over 7 mil and with that kind of property and the beauty of the actual house, I'm not surprised. The Princess of Pop has moved in and out of about 10 mansions through the years, each one more impressive than the last. Today we're going to look at Britney's current dream house in Thousand Oaks, give you all the details and look at some of her previous homes too. I feel like so many people give Britney Spears a hard time, but A she's a total queen of music in a pop icon and B having mental illness is serious so give the woman a break. Her life has been crazy and she's been in the spotlight since she was just a kid. I don't blame her. Hi guys, just checking in with all of you who are concerned about me, all as well. My family has been going through a lot of stress and anxiety lately so I just need a time to deal, but don't worry, I'll be back very soon. Over the years, Brit has given us so many hit albums and so much of her energy. I'm sure I speak for many other 90s girls too when I say I still love Britney and she was of course one of my biggest icons. At the time of this recording, Britney is 38 years old and is a singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. Let's not forget she's also a mama of two boys. Her first two studio albums, Baby One More Time and Oops I Did It Again, were global successes and actually made Britney the best selling teenage artist of all time. She's earned countless awards from Grammys to multiple Guinness World Records to a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame and more. All well deserved. According to records, Britney's net worth these days is an estimated 215 million but some sources claim it's 50 mil. Either way, she rarely took a break from her crazy career whether it was releasing albums, touring or her Las Vegas residency she held for four years. Which by the way was one of the highest grossing residencies of all time. With her multi-million dollar net worth, Britney's also bought plenty of multi-million dollar houses. Hey guys it's Kara and today we're doing another house tour here on Famous Entertainment. We're going to take a look at Britney Spears' mega mansion in Thousand Oaks, California as well as some of her other real estate investments. If you like these videos make sure you're subscribed and ring that bell to be notified when we post so you can always be up to date. We've also done house tours on the likes of Halsey and Lady Gaga and we'll have links to those at the end of this. Be sure to follow me on Instagram because I love connecting with you guys. I've also been reading all your comments and I'm going to be responding to some at the end of this. Now let's get into this video. Before we look at Britney's fancy mansions, we'll see where she called home as a kid. Although she was born in Mississippi, her hometown and where she was raised is Kentwood, Louisiana. Looking at photos of the home she shared with her parents and siblings back then, it's a far cry from the home she's earned down the road. And if you want to visit Britney's actual exact bedroom, there's an unofficial Britney Spears Museum in Kentwood which is more like a house size shrine to the pop star. It's been confirmed that the bedroom is the real deal, just like Britney's childhood bedroom she had in her photo shoot with Rolling Stone back in 99. Her parents donated all of her original furniture. Kinda weird but cool. Like I said, Britney has moved around a lot since she made it big in Hollywood so we can't tour all of her mansions. But just to get an idea, let's see some of the homes a star bought over the years. In 2001, Britney bought her first LA mansion for 2.9 million and it was located right in the Hollywood Hills where she lived for a couple of years. When Britney married Kay Fett in 2004, because who could ever forget that era? She bought a new mansion for them to live in, this time in Malibu. She spent 13.5 million on this estate and of course sold it when they divorced. I feel like a lot of Britney's mansions have a similar style, at least on the exterior so maybe she has a preference. Anyways, in 2007 she got back into her music and moved to Beverly Hills, buying this house for 6.8 mil. Only a year later, Britney moved onto her next palace-like house in Calabasas, California. This property offered more privacy away from the paparazzi so she stayed here for a few years and put almost a million dollars worth of renovations into the home too. In 2011, Britney sold it for over 4 million. After this, Britney moved onto her current neighborhood, Thousand Oaks. So Britney still lives in Thousand Oaks, California but before her current house, she lived in a different one from 2012 until 2015. At the time of purchase, Britney paid just over 6.7 mil. I guess it was time to settle down with the kids in the suburbs. Thousand Oaks is the second largest city in Ventura County and in the northwestern part of Greater LA. Britney lived in a gated community here so there was a ton of privacy and it is definitely a more suburban neighborhood than Hollywood or Beverly Hills. The mansion was a sprawling single story home that measured 8,456 square feet. It had 5 beds and 5 full baths as well and 2 half baths. The mansion overlooks the famous Santa Monica cliffs with gorgeous views of the oceans. Upon walking in Britney's old house, you're greeted with a ballroom-sized double height entryway that leads to the also giant living room. Here you'll find a custom bar and a walk-in wine cellar. There's a second living room too called the Great Room. Other features of this mansion include a games room, two home offices and plenty of guest rooms. Most of the rooms towards the back of the home open to the patio outside. Moving outside the home, there was a lounge area with fireplace, dining area just outside the kitchen and a grilling station. Britney's grassy backyard was made complete with a large cliffside infinity pool. Apparently, Britney rented the home for 25K a month when she found her current mansion, then ended up selling the place for about 7 million. But personally, I think her current home is even more beautiful. Let's also know before I show you Britney's Thousand Oaks estate, her first purchase in real estate was actually in her hometown. After Baby One More Time did so well, Britney purchased a custom mansion on the outskirts of Kentwood, Louisiana for her mom in 1999. They even named the house Serenity. Her mom still lives there with the family, so whenever Britney visits, of course, this is where she stays. Serenity is a 6,539 square foot mansion and it's also a very private and guarded estate to make it safe for family time. Without further ado, it's time to look at Britney's dream mansion. Thousand Oaks must be special to her considering our pop princess decided to buy again in the same neighborhood after selling her last home there. Back in 2015, Britney sealed the deal on this mansion for 7.4 million. Britney's Gated Mega Mansion sits on about 21 acres of land and it's in a gated community, offering a ton of privacy for her and the fam. The home was designed in what's called a neoclassical Italian style and offers a massive 12,464 square feet of living space. Inside her Thousand Oaks home, you'll find 5 bedrooms and 8 baths. And apparently 4 of the bedrooms have their own en suites. Of course, Britney's master bedroom has a massive walking closet too. Britney's mansion has high vaulted ceilings and my favourite room of all has gotta be the Great Room. It's hard to miss when you walk in her place considering it's 2 stories high and has windows all along the wall. The ceilings in there are actually 35 feet high and there's a large fireplace too. The Mega Mansion has a grand staircase you'll find in the entryway which takes you to an open concept second floor area overlooking the Great Room. Other features of Britney's Thousand Oaks mansion include a large media room, an oak library and a chef's kitchen with a breakfast nook. Of course, Britney has also made a home gym in there for herself. If you follow her on Insta, you probably see how much she loves posting her workouts and does plenty of them outside in her backyard and in her fitness centre. If her actual house isn't big enough, there's an additional luxury pool house with granite kitchen, fireplace and more. Even a 3500 bottle temperature controlled wine cellar. Moving outside of Britney's dream mansion, there's 1200 square foot poolside patio with full kitchen and bathroom just perfect for pool parties I'd assume. And of course she has an infinity edge swimming pool where Britt loves to swim laps. The home's grounds also have a separate spa, a tennis court, a spacious garden and an orchard. If that's not enough, she also has a three green golf course with picture perfect views of the Santa Monica Mountains, complete with sand traps. So now we've gotten a look at our princess of pop and her beautiful home. Britney has owned plenty of gorgeous mansions in California over the years but her current spawn Thousand Oaks looks like a dream. I think this one is my personal faith. She's owned another mansion in Thousand Oaks, homes in Beverly Hills, Malibu, Hollywood and more. Which ones did you guys like best from what you saw? Britney's multi-million dollar home in Thousand Oaks is amazing and she seems to have great taste by looking at her real estate investments. She takes full advantage of all that land by doing her outdoor workouts and yoga as well as swimming in her gorgeous infinity pool. And people need to give poor Britney a break.  At least it looks like her gorgeous mansion has become quite the sanctuary for her and her family. Okay guys now I'll read out some of your comments on our other vids. I love hearing from you guys. On our Nicki tutorials before and after vid, Alicia Gresham said, She is just so pretty, amazing makeup artist. On the same vid, Jane Forster said, I'm a die-hard subscriber of Nicki and I'm so proud of her.  Nothing changes. She is still one of the best makeup artists ever. She is amazing. She is Nicki tutorials. I agree with you guys. It's so nice she has such a supportive fan base and she deserves it. It's so cool even seeing her old videos and how amazing she became over the years at makeup. It's such dedication. And finally, Miguel Avila also commented saying about that video, You did a good job on this car out. Thanks so much Miguel. It's really hard to make everyone happy when reporting on these subjects. So I appreciate the encouraging comments from you guys when I read them. Alright guys that's all I could find on Britney Spears multi-million dollar dream home in Thousand Oaks, California. What did you guys think about her 21 acre property? What was your favorite part?  Not to mention the property outside is perfect, especially that infinity pool and views. Let me know in the comments as well as what other celebrity houses you'd like to see. Follow me on Instagram if you want to chat more and I'll see you next time with some more videos. Bye.


First of all, thanks to Nick for the kind of invitation to this very interesting meeting. As an answer, I will present the results of two decades of landscape research into the depletion, and also early policy in the scalability of northern Belgium. The results I will present are the work of a whole team of different specialists in different fields of research. I will list their names on this slide. This is the structure of my presentation after the short introduction. I will briefly give a description of the main leaflets of antiforms. Then I will focus on the methodological aspect, the ways we use for mapping late-lays of landscape and very late-lays of landscape and sites. And then hopefully we have got some time for discussing the environmental issues and land use. The scalps is the second most important river in Belgium after the Moes. It starts in Normand-France, here, where it runs in the open direction towards the Normcy basin, where it runs the river Rhine and Moes. The upper section of the scalps runs through a hilly area, a moose area, and once beyond the city of Cannes, we speak about the lower-scaled basin, which runs through a typical sandy-lowland area. There are pretty much sites known from the late-lays show. We've got nothing so far earlier, older than Phaedamus culture. We've got two distribution maps here, one for the Phaedamus sites and another one for what you can link to the Younger Dryas. I'm taking the ironwork on something related. And from these distribution maps you can draw two main conclusions. First of all, there's a serious decline, a decrease in number of sites from the Alloy to the Younger Dryas. We've got 30 Phaedamus sites against 5-6 Younger Dryas sites. And secondly, perhaps this is not that clear, there seems to have been a sort of occupational shift from the Alloy to the Younger Dryas. Whereas most on nearly all Phaedamus sites are located away from the rivers, away from the scouts and its territories, into the sandy interior and where you are clustered around a series of freshwater lakes. I'll present these to those later. And if you look at the map of the Younger Dryas sites, you can clearly see that these sites are really linked to the fruit plains, in the fruit plain or just along the view. So in order to understand this settlement pattern and land use more in detail, we developed and defined a number of research questions in the last few years. And one of these research questions is, first of all, how reliable are these distribution maps? To what degree are they affected or biased by osteoporosis? No factors. You have to know that most of the sites indicated on these maps are surface sites discovered through field work. So it has still the potential to find seals like buried sites. I think this is a very important research question. And secondly, if distribution maps are not too highly biased, strongly biased by these factors, how can we explain these settlement patterns? A short introduction about the main, late-lays, land forms. This is a very simplified map, a geomorphological map of the lower scouts, because the lower scouts are the areas where we have been working most. And it's only recently that we also extended our research to the other scouts. The first land form, of course, is the River Scouts, and still trees with their wide-broad flood plains, which locally extend into large meanders. This is one of the largest ones. It's about two kilometers long. And within these flood plains, we've got plenty of fossil biochannels of these rivers, which are sedimentary traps. Very important for sampling, for bio-environmental analysis. And along these biochannels, there's numerous elevations, small elevations, mostly sandy elevations, laddies, crawlbarks, and also river dunes, which might have been attractive to late-laysial hunter-gatherers. If we move away from the rivers more to the inland, we have a typical corpus sand environment with numerous corpus sand dunes. And most of these dunes are rather small but elongated, as you can see on this cross-section and small but elongated sand dunes. But there's one exception. There's a big dune, a large dune, this one, which we call the Great Red Ridge of Maldenham State, which runs over, this is indicated here in yellow, runs over a total length of 80 kilometers. This will be two to three kilometers wide. In fact, it's a dune complex, it's built of intersection and overlapping of different smaller dunes, but locally it's a massive dune. A typical feature of all these dune smaller and larger dunes is their parallel orientation, they're all south, east-west, or southwest-north-east oriented, and this is mainly due to their formation under dominant western or northwestern winds, as you can see on these slides. On top of these dunes, and also in between the numerous dunes, there are plenty of, there were plenty, there were plenty of small depressions, shallow depressions, closed depressions, probably blowouts, which were wet depressions, because at the base of these depressions we find thick, I would say, 10 to 20 septic thick, strongly organic sediments, sometimes even 80 sediments, which clearly indicate that these were temporarily wet depressions, people that dune slacks or dune pumps, and there must have been hundreds of these in the artificial landscape. And as you can see, there's a layer on, built with the human sense, so they are present, they are organic leaves, with thick packets of cover sense. And then finally we've got somewhat larger shallow lakes, freshwater lakes, like this one, the Mulvarn Lake, which is about 25 square kilometers large, and these are indicated in blue on this map, and you can see that they are all situated along this steep, southern slope, edge of this massive dune, and you can see that their infilling is totally different than these dune slacks, they are a typical infilling, consisting of calcareous material. So that's the detail of the Mulvarn Lake. So this is just a picture of Western Siberia, but I think it gives a good idea of the landscape during the hour in the real scale piece. So in order to understand the human behavior, I think it's very important that we map these different plant forms as detailed as possible. For that we invested a lot of time and energy, last two decades, in looking for the best practice, the best methodology to map that buried landscape and also buried sites. The methods we use are dependent on the depth of the buried landscape. In shallow landscapes, like the fresh water lakes, the Mulvarn Lake, or the shallow fruit plains, we start with manual drilling, that's the standard methodology, but we combine this with LiDAR information, we've got for the whole French territory, we've got the high-resolution LiDAR information, the resolution of 16 measurements per square meter, and this allows us to detect even the smallest topographical features. And if you look carefully, you can see here and here the old Lake Glacier-Willis channels still visible in the landscape through these LiDAR data. And if the budget allows it, we also apply geophysical survey techniques, like electromagnetic induction EMI, which is mainly the work of my colleague Philly Dismet, who's also doing the research, the surveys in Stonehenge and Maverick. It's a method which measures the electric conductivity of the soil, but also the magnetic properties in depth and range, and depth ranges from half a meter to three to four meters, depending on the type of sensors you use. And the main advantage of this method is that it's very rapid. If you pull it over the poth, you can survey large areas in a short time of period, give you an idea. This is the move actually, and these light bluish zones have been surveyed by EMI. And in lines, parallel lines of separated two to three meters, and within each line, each 20 to 30 centimeters, there was a measurement, so higher resolution measurements, and that took for one hectare or one hour. So in one hour, you can survey one hectare. Of course, the problem is that the processing of the data takes quite a lot of time. But the field work is very rapid. So there's a detail of the mapping, and you can see that with this method, you are able to track these late-lays with bilis of channels, which are quite small. There's a lot of big channels, white channels. So this is the result, by the combination of these three methods, we were able to reconstruct two different successive river systems, one which we called an atomizing river system, dating to the Berlin and Aureus, based on C4, a series of C4 indates, and which was replaced by a single channel river, a river near the end of the tower. And I think this is crucial information for understanding the human occupation around this lake. I forgot this email to include a map with the distribution of theta-massicides, but there's plenty of theta-massicides along the northern bank of this lake. If you have to meet into mapping people, you have a landscape, three to six meters deep, or even deeper, then, of course, manual algorithm is not feasible anymore. You have to do series of pourings, and then we move to mechanical pourings, and we test it out two different methods, the VHL pouring and the sonic aqualobe drill methods, and you can compare the results of these two different methods, and you can clearly see that there's a difference in quality of these two systems, but there's also a difference in price. This sonic drill is the cheapest method, but you can see that it has many problems with it. You've got compression on the sole, you've got loss of material that's the contact of different spits, and most importantly, you've got the deformation of the original stratigraphy. All these problems are absent in the big amount, but it's ten times more expensive. We also did some testing with the mechanical deep trenching or test pitting method, which is developed and generally used in France for mainly looking for early metabolic sites in these deep leuched sequences. We applied it on this, the massive dune of molehead steak, in order to locate and map these dune slacks, and it was very successful, but there's a series of disadvantages, of course. It's rather expensive. It's dangerous, of course. You can't jump into these with this very dangerous collapse, so you need to do your sampling at sea too, at worst. And also, if there's a site present, it's partly destroyed during the mapping, so it's not that simple. And most importantly, it's not widely applicable, because it depends on the ground water level. If the ground water level is too high, you call it the lightest methods. It doesn't make a difference with the dry leuched sequences in northern France or elsewhere in France. And so, in our search for better adapted methods, survey methods, another colleague of mine, Jeroen Verhaer, tested out the feasibility of co-penetrating testing, CPT. This is a method which is widely available in building companies, because it's used for measuring the stability of the soils for foundations. So it's cheap. It's widely available. It's really applied on a daily basis in these building companies. It's a rather simple method. It consists of a metal rod, which is driven into the ground at a constant speed, and while penetrating the soil, it takes two measurements. One at a time is the cone resistance, and then one along the sleeve, which is the friction. And the combination of the two measurements allows us to define the texture or discriminate between clay, sand, and peat, which is very important, certainly, in our area. To demonstrate this, there's a normal graph you get from a company who's conducting these CPTs. The left curve is the cone resistance, and the right curve is the sleeve friction. And here you've got the results of a cone and CPT, and a coring, which were taken at the same spots. And you can see very nicely that where sand is hit here in the upper part and lower part of the coring, there's a peat in the tip resistance and no sleeve friction. And when a peat is hit, you see the opposite signal. Then you have an increase of the fleece and the fleece. The sleeve friction and no tip resistance. So you can use this information to define the large lithosanctograph of units. For example, it applies in a grid, a fixed grid that can make transects like we do for corings. And here you have the definition based on these measurements of different units. So blue is the alluvial, alluvial clay. Below, in the middle, you've got ground, the whole seam peat, and yellow is the place to see, and they place the cone resistance. To our surprise, it also turned out to be possible to identify smaller organic layers. These typical small organic bands that we base on these dune slacks which are within these long sea presence of coarsens, they are detectable to a certain degree with these CPTs. I don't know whether this is clear. Now I will take another example. The one CBT with the tip resistance to the left and to the right, the sea friction. And this is the coarsens. You did the drilling there, and you see that in the coarsens, you've got three superimposed organic layers separated by sand. And if you look at the sea friction, you see a very minor tip peat which perfectly corresponds with that organic layer. This is, for us, a very promising method which allows us to map these deeply buried dune slacks over the extensive areas for the cheap price. So this is the advantages. I won't repeat this all, but there are also, like for every method, the disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages is that you have to do some additional coarsens in order to validate your interpretation of the measurements. But also, what the CBT does not provide is information about the quality of the different layers. Our layers, in fact, are generally the salt formation process, etc. And for that you need extra coarsens to validate and to interpret the preservation of the salt sequences. But a new development, and that's something my colleague Lune is currently testing, is the application of a mini-camera in the CBT in this metal rock. You can see here, with a lens of one centimeter which takes photos every one and a half centimeter while the metal rock is penetrating the salt. And these first results are very promising. Here you've got the pouring which I just showed with the three superimposed organic layers in the copper sense and if you look at the combined photos taken by that small camera you can see that all three levels can be recognized through these photos. So this is, again, according to us, very promising methods which needs to be further tested. I was planning to, after many years of mapping, we come to the conclusion that the lower-scale basin, the landscape during the late days was very dynamic. And we would recognize different aeolian events, events of aeolian erosion and reposition. Of course it is well known, erosion is mostly correlated with the cold and driest periods. We know that during the older and younger periods this deposition of one to two meters of aeolian sense. So these are two events which might have covered potential late-day sites. But to our surprise, we also have proof and proof of aeolian activity during the aeroids. Aeroid which is normally considered as a very stable period because of the increased vegetation One of these elements of the proof is, again, it's the same slide, but it's a very important slide, I think, with these three and superimposed layers. Each layer was dated by means of C4T dating, and at least the middle and the upper one turned out to be to belong to the aeroids. Perhaps the lowest amount you can discuss. But if the middle of our aeroids, that means that the sand in between both has been deposited during the aeroids. The same conclusion can be drawn from this pollen diagram. Here, there's a pollen diagram. Sorry for the bad quality, but it's still in progress. But it's that along the northern bank of this extensive mover clique we found specific locations that Lake Marl, the compare sentiments, are covered by aeolian sentiments and according to the embedded poll these date to the middle aeroids. So we've got, I think, strong proof that there has been aeolian activity in the aeroids, too. There's also increasing evidence that most of the river dunes which are present along the rivers are dating to the younger climes. We started to apply OSL dating on these river dunes and most of the dates go back to the younger climes. And finally, another process where we need to consider and which may bias our distribution maps is collusion, the formation of collusion layers on top of the location sites. As here in the upper skeleton area where we found recently found a younger climes site well preserved, it's one of the best preserved sites we know in the skeleton basin which was sealed by the colluvial packets of about half a meter. Just to mention, we did similar methodological research in order to find buried sites, deeply buried glaciers but also buried Holocene sites and I just want to say that it's perfectly feasible to find these sites through quarry. It's just a matter of doing it the right way the right grid the right size of the course and the sealing work is of course also very important matches to use but I don't believe it's all published so they're available. Another aspect of our research that's the environmental reconstruction of these landforms we are increasingly investing into high-resolution, multi-proxy analysis of some of these continuous soil archives and actually some pictures, diagrams of multi-proxy high resolution, I mean that we are sampling every two, three centimeters to long sequences investigating different proxies not only poem but MPPs, Ostracos, Heronamids, Stable Isotope we've investigated two fresh auto-makes in this way, the Moeferkling and a smaller Leven Snarlahan series of dune slacks and a number of fossil power channels of the river Scalp in its tributaries and these combined information allows us today to formulate some hypothesis concerning prehistoric, lateral land use. What we observe is that towards the end of the aleroids most of these freshwater reservoirs so the dune poles and the freshwater lakes vanished, dried out this is the example of the Moeferkling where you see that we've got sediments starting from the building until the end of the aleroids but there's a large depositional gap between the lake aleroid and the borea there's no signs of erosion so probably most likely the lake dried out at the end of the aleroid start of the younger tribes. Similarly in the smaller Snarlahan lake which is much smaller than the Moeferk we've got a clear change in sedimentology between the aleroids with the persistent of the lake more and then during the younger tribes the formation of peat which clearly indicates the change the hydrological change this is a model of all C14 dates we got from these organic layers of dune slacks and you can clearly see that the dune slacks were existing from the building during the entire aleroids but disappeared during the younger tribes so both the freshwater lakes and these dune slacks seem to have dried out most of them and this must have had a dramatic impact on hunter-gatherers and also on the animal population that's killed them in doubt so our hypothesis now is that due to this important hydroge event hunter-gatherers which were pretty much focused on these imminent fresh water lakes had to move to other territories and one of these possible regions where they moved to were the river river fountains, river food plains and that might explain if you remember two distribution maps I showed in the start that might explain why we find younger dry sites preferably along the food plains or into the food plains so that's what I'm going to say and thank you for your attention if Nikola could come up we'll have a few questions for our two speakers and then we'll move on to the final discussion section so does anyone have any questions? just on the last point who would you like to approach? approaching at the other the they disappeared probably around the end of the hour so I don't think that's a right timing for when the younger dry sites when we believe it's prior to this far on the younger drys of course our chronological resolution is not yet that's refined to really be sure but you've got the impression that it started a bit late a bit early so out of it possibly it can be linked to an outright cold period that's also possible but you've got no proof of freezing but there's no indication no features which can be linked to prior to this or something like that it's not mine the one you spoke of what happens if you come to a rock? it's for soft material so mineral material it's it's not applicable in rocky sediments that in rocky environments so it's for sand, clay bit so for alluvial compounds it's perfect yeah what I think here in Britain there's some areas where it's definitely hard the front of that gold material in size is actually very well made because long-distance design like that have used very poor quality with a flint but they're still using the technical technique that you outline with a gold platform course and I remember going over to see Jean-Pierre Fabiois at the Belvoir assemblage when we took out a long legal print of that gold and put it next to what it is which is about that so yeah that's why people are still using that sort of technology even though it's different from to and I think your point about the variation at that time it again is very well made where I think within that it's very specific localised adaptations of that technology in Tokyo depending on from river valley to river valley and to different places in the landscape depending on the type of grain following the group size so within the broader sort of technical context there are various specific adaptations which are incredible and I think things like these it's been a long time since I've been in this but I mean my feeling was there was a long place that produced within a very short relatively short time of very rapid adaptation of landscape so I think and the other thing is I'm interested in the old question about is it a tent or isn't it a tent you know around the centre of do people live amongst all the rubbish in the shelter or do they actually out there the shelter outside the shelter is inside the shelter it's clean and you know there's a lot of things in there thank you very much we know it's sicker we don't know about the roof we just know it's something sicker but what's interesting is in Alize and Normandy they found a site for the previous site a few years ago and the structure is identified with wall effects too it's very similar it's like 5m at the first maybe that's the only thing I can say and for an adaptation of local traditions you're totally right it's very easy but if you look at the reindeer reindeer is present here in England in the northern country the reindeer is very cool you're totally right thank you I have a question I know you don't want to go into lots of detail about the distribution but did you have any sense of what activities were undertaken within the houses and how the space was organized sorry can you release all this I know you don't want to go into lots of detail about the distribution of the lots of active instructions but did you have any idea of how the space was organized and what activities were undertaken yeah okay so in the center around the earth is mainly projective points manufacture manufacture and reacting mainly we had kind of everything inside the problem is it was clean so all the details are on the walls and which is interesting is ice cracking dry ice cracking activities are mostly outside the structure probably because it's not bad but it's I mean we have ice cracking inside but outside we have only ice cracking activities what else I think it's main reasons so probably if we had around the earth halting a projectile manufacturer project around the earth cleaning and all the reacting outside but inside we are not able to have a good resolution because it's cleaning it okay now I'll bring this part to a close now and thank the speakers the two speakers we made for the front of the exhibition so thank you very much thank you


Welcome to Civil Speedia, the current affairs digital library powered by Shankar IAS Academy. As part of today's discussion, we will look at Electoral Bond Scheme, ZRL Non, Jan Swastia Abhyan, Kowal Tiger Reserve and also these topics in terms of preliminary aspect and as the crisis in Venezuela as part of our main discussion. According to Electoral Bond Scheme, this scheme comes under the Ministry of Finance, particularly the Department of Economic Affairs. What we have to keep in mind is, it is a bearer banking instrument to be used for funding eligible political parties. This is the main objective of the scheme and these are the political parties that are registered under section 29 capital A of the Representation of the People Act of 1951. And what we have to keep in mind is, any individual or a firm or a company can get this Electoral Bond from the authorized branch of State Bank of India and this bond has a validity period of 15 days and various denominations are available. And once the person, once individual or a company purchases this Electoral Bond from the authorized branch, within 15 days he or she has to give the bond to the political party. The political party will go to the authorized SBA branch wherein the amount could be redeemed to the only one bank account of this eligible political party. And this validity is 15 days and if the validity period expires, if the amount is, if the validity period expires, then the amount related to this Electoral Bond will go to the Prime Minister Relief Fund. And coming to the authorized bank is just only the State Bank of India is authorized by the government for selling this Electoral Bonds. And one other, we should know the other features, a political party cannot open more than one current account for the redemption of this Electoral Bond. And these bonds shall not be eligible for trading or in other words, these bonds are non-tradable and one cannot list these bonds in stock exchange and one cannot raise loans against the security of these bonds and no interest is payable on this Electoral Bonds. These are all various features of these Electoral Bonds. Some of the objectives is that to remove the black money that are being funded to political parties, this scheme came into picture. This scheme was bought in the year 2018, announced by the budget of 2017-18. There are several experts who say that this fund, though it was stated that it initiates transparency, but actually this bond will not have any name on it. Therefore, one cannot say who actually funded the political party and this bond is supposed to be eliminating this black money funding into the political party. However, the recent news states that more than 95% of the funds which are initiated through this Electoral Bond went to only one political party in our country and there were several criticisms related to this Electoral Bond scheme of 2018. These things we have to keep in mind and next we will look into this fungal toxin ZRL non and first it is a food contaminant and it is also called as mycotoxin because this toxin is from fungi and therefore it is called as mycotoxin and it is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of fusarium fungi. This one has to keep in mind and the primary producer of this ZRL non mycotoxin is fusarium graminarium or it is also called as, popularly called as gibralase and what we have to keep in mind is in cold climates, this fungal toxin is easy to develop, it favors cold climates and during storage it can invest cereals such as wheat, maize, barley, rice during the phase of growth of these cereal crops and also during the storage of these grains. Whenever the grains are stored without proper drying then this fungal toxin has a sufficient condition to develop and the food safety and standards authority of India do not have any limits on how much a person can daily consume or how much it can be available in the samples of cereals. There is no such limits that is what recently there was in news and according to European Union they have and some of the countries have prescribed certain limits in samples and that limit by given by this European Union is 100 to 200 microgram per kilogram of cereals is the limit that can be in the samples and some other mycotoxins or fungal toxins are aphelotoxin, deoxynevalanol, ergot and patulin. What we have to keep in mind is these three mycotoxins are associated with cereals and this mycotoxin patulin is associated with apples and what what was stated by this international agency for cancer research a specialized cancer agency coming under world health organization created in the year 1965 it states that this Zeral non comes under group 3 carcinogen and therefore which means that we do not have sufficient evidence for an evaluation. And so there are several researchers which state that this mycotoxin or this fungal toxin when we intake more than a particular limit in our daily consumption or in other samples it can lead to it has it has every propensity to lead to either breast cancer in women or endocrine disturbances. This will be dealing with hormone secreting harmonic function of various organs in our body and therefore it has every possibility to link to breast cancer and also to endocrine disorders or disturbances however there are some researchers which also say that you do not have much association with the endocrine disturbances as well and what we have to keep in mind is this aflatoxin was serious because in the year 1974 in states of Rajasthan and Gujarat there was a hepatitis outbreak when when the scientist studied about this outbreak it was linked to this aflatoxin fungal toxin in the cereals and you know more than 400 people were infected by this hepatitis and around more than 100 people passed away more than 100 people passed away during this outbreak and the daily consumption limit is 0.25 microgram per kilogram it is not given by our food safety and standards authority of India and what the news was stating that is that in wheat and in rice the intake of Indians is more than this limit of 0.25 microgram per kilogram therefore it was serious and it is highly time that the Indian food safety and standard authority of India or any other relevant agency should prescribe certain limit in samples or an hour and also in daily consumption this is what was related to this zero known and next we shall discuss about this jan swastya abhyan in the year 2000 in Dhaka first global people's health assembly was held and there were several networks in India that hoped to organize this people's health assembly in Dhaka and these networks some around 18 networks they came together in the year 2001 and they formed this jan swastya abhyan there 2001 and it was recently in news because this jan swastya abhyan was asking the government to implement this charter of patients rights prepared by national human rights commission it was stating that in the in august 2018 the ministry of health and family welfare actually announced that it will implement this charter of patient rights but it was it invited comments from the public and it gave time till 30th september 2018 however since 30th september 2018 there was no announcement whatsoever from the ministry of health and family welfare related to and when the implementation will actually start for this charter of patient rights as of now it was it was not in implementation it is in it is with the ministry of health and family welfare and according to this jan swastya abhyan comprehensive health care includes not just the term health but also food security sustainable livelihood options by securing employment opportunities and access to housing drinking water sanitation and appropriate medical care for all all these all these components include comprehensive health care according to jan swastya abhyan and coming to the network partners of this this national network or this national platform it does not include not it does include not just the NGOs or the networks that are working in the area of health but also it includes NGOs from feminist organizations and those working in people science organizations service delivery networks and other trade unions as well all right therefore all the the the agencies that are associated or that are part of their member in this jan swastya abhyan or this national platform or not just from the area of health but also from trade unions but also from the science organizations service delivery platforms etc coming to the objectives of the jan swastya abhyan which it aims to work for is to draw enough public attention to the adverse impact in on the health particularly for the marginalized population because of the policies related to this unfair globalization on the health of Indian people and then to establish this right to health and health care as a basic human right and it also works to works to confront the commercialization of health care actually it was stating that because of non-implementation of the charter of patient rights the various the the private's health sector was not regulated properly and therefore here the objective is to confront this commercialization of health care while establishing basic minimum standards of and rational treatment guidelines for health care and it also works to promote decentralization of health care and finally to network all those who are interested in promoting health particularly for all for all not just including people who are oppressed people who are marginalized people who are excluded like that and with this we come to the end of this discussion on jan swastya abhyan next we will discuss about kawal tiger reserve this this place was notified as tiger reserve in the year 2012 at that point of time this place was located in andhra pradesh however after june 2014 this place came under telangana all right and its place was notified as tiger reserve under section 38 capital v of wildlife protection act of 1972 it talks about tiger conservation plan and every state government on the recommendation of national tiger conservation authority shall notify a place as tiger reserve and the project tiger coming under ministry of forest environment forest and climate change is based on core buffer strategy this core area or the critical hybrid tiger habitat is having exclusive tiger agenda is having exclusive tiger agenda there is no people agenda there however this buffer area has inclusive people agenda along with conserving tiger it includes for both forest and non forest area this buffer area includes both forest and non forest area and the area in coming under buffer area is for multiple use rather this critical hybrid tiger habitat or this core area is is having exclusive tiger agenda or it will be part of national park or wildlife sanctuary if you look into this area this 892 kilo square kilometer square kilometer is part of this kawal wildlife sanctuary all right and this is about this kawal tiger reserve we look into the notification where it says the objective of creating this declaring this kawal tiger reserve is to protect restore manage and maintain representative biodiversity of decan plateau of sahadri mountain ranges along with ecological processes and conservation of wild gene pool with a focus on tiger and to accommodate the viable spillover population this is important by restoring the corridor with tadova anderi tiger reserve this tadova anderi tiger reserve is in the state of maharastra all right then to protect and manage the catchment of godavari river this this is the objective of this declaration of kawal tiger reserve according to the notification published by the government of andhra pradesh when it declared or notified in the year 2012 this is about this kawal tiger reserve next we look into the main topic the crisis in venizula we recently particularly on january 23rd in venizula a leader by name huan joado right huan guaido has declared that he is the acting president of the nation and in relation to this we look into the crisis the venizula crisis at present is not just economic crisis it is also a political crisis although for the past three years it has been undergoing severe economical problems related to inflation hyper hyper inflation etc at present it faces hyper inflation to the tune of around 1.3 million percentage is the inflation as of now and every 19 days with every 19 days the prices of various products particularly essential products double and this is the situation reality now particularly since november 2018 till now and there have been serious there have been widespread power cuts and also shortages of food and medicine and basic essential items for survival and these are the main things coming under this economic crisis in the political crisis particularly after the death of president hugo chavez all right in the year 2013 the election the new election conducted nicolas mr. nicolas maduro has become the president of the country of venizula but what happened is in the by the end of 2015 and an election election was conducted for the members of unicameral unicameral legislate legislature which is called as national assembly which is called as national assembly in this national assembly the coalition opposition coalition which is against this nicolas maduro has won more than almost at least two-third of the seats of national assembly and which means the leader of the national assembly will be one among the person from the opposition and it was not to the and it was allegedly stated that nicolas maduro has also created in the year 2017 and another institution by the name of national constituent assembly to replace or to exercise the powers of national assembly and the election was held and the supporters of it was alleged that the supporters of nicolas maduro or the government has won the elections and take took the seats in this national constituent assembly so as to write the constitution and which also had power to remove certain authorities who are not cooperating to the government this is the allegation and the supreme court also work in favor at that point of time allegedly worked in favor of the president of the country which stated that which ripped off ripped the powers of national assembly instead gave the powers to national constituent assembly created by the president in the year 2017 and by January 2019 thus the term of president nicolas maduro has ended and based on the election held in may 2018 and the nicolas maduro has taken the term as second presidential term since the month of January 2019 which was not to the to the likes of mr. joan goido and his supporters are the opposition in general because they allegedly allegedly stated that the may 2018 elections was not conducted in a fair manner because most of the opposition members were kept in jail and they were not allowed to participate and the water turnout was less than 50 percent and and they most of the people who are made to vote during this election for national constituent assembly and also for this presidential election it was allegedly state that the government has passed an order that if someone has to get the benefits of essential items or subsidies such as that they have to come and vote and therefore people have come and vote but many do not participate or many opposition parties boycotted the election all right at present one goido has stated that he is the acting president and whereas nicolas maduro claims that he has the support of military and the supreme court and the support of various international countries such as china and russia and he states he is the president of venezuela whereas one goido says according to certain provisions of the constitution of venezuela the president of a national assembly president of national assembly can be an acting president of the country and we will now discuss about the india and venezuela relations we recently in the year 2009 celebrated the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between both countries the year of establishment was 1959 and venezuela was one of the largest oil supplier for india for for some years it was the third largest crude oil supplier and recently it was the fourth largest crude oil supply after all right after saudi arabia iraq and ua right and india and venezuela have this joint commission called us indovenezuela joint commission this joint commission was established after the visit of then president of venezuela mr hugo chavez who came to india in the year 2005 and signed a memorandum of understanding to establish this joint commission so that it will act as a bilateral commission so far they have been two meetings of this joint commission first meeting was held in venezuela whereas the second meeting was held in delhi india and india and venezuela are members of this non-aligned movement and also in the recently created international solar alliance launched by india and extremely supported by france this was the 44th country that have joined to this international alliance venezuela venezuela and venezuela is interested in india's expertise in the area such as health and pharmaceuticals agriculture and agro industry it and software education culture particularly the white and green revolution so that it can attain self-sufficiency in milk and agricultural products and one one most important thing of india's interest is that indian companies such as oan gc videsh limited and iocl indian oil corporation and oil india these three companies are part of a joint venture related to this karabobo one oil project which is the fourth biggest onshore oil field in the world all right and it has potential it had potentials it has potentials of this 31 billion barrels barrels of recoverable oil reserve 31 billion barrels of recoverable oil reserve owned and operated by this petro karabobo this is the joint venture in which PDVSA this is nothing but a state owned oil company of venezuela and we also our company is also having this part of this joint venture this one of the advanced actually the venezuela country has three projects in the name of karabobo one karabobo one and karabobo two and karabobo three all right of which this one is relevant relevant to our country and india's if you look into india's exports to venezuela primarily it will be consisting of pharmaceuticals chemicals and calcined petroleum coke and textile and engineering products such as scooters equipment and machinery however if we look into the india's imports from venezuela more importantly crude oil and then come iron pellets and electrical cables all right and we have to keep in mind this sand crystal ball field in venezuela where on gc videsh limited has a 40 stake along with the 60 stake of the state owned oil company of venezuela and this is the name of the joint venture company between this PDVSA and OVL owned gc videsh limited and this is also an important project where in india has invested more than 350 million u s dollars all right and we also can see according to ministry of external affairs by the year 2015 there were around 50 indian families who were living in venezuela what we have to keep in mind is that the recent the recent crisis particularly the political crisis wherein the united states of america european many countries in european european europe and organization of american states have have recognized guan guaido guan guaido as the president of venezuela whereas countries such as china russia and cuba has not recognized guan guaido as the president of venezuela and they have been various various opinions about how this development will affect the or have some implications over india particularly mostly other than we have to keep in mind that because of this inflation and because of the economical problems the the export from india particularly in parmosetical and health and parmosetical area we have not received payments back from the country and if you look national level most of our dependency on venezuela is only for crude oil for which there is not much problem because u s has placed various sanctions and u s has restrained from purchasing crude oil from venezuela and therefore we actually got the ground of this crude oil from venezuela. There are experts who also state that if if in future the the european countries have also issued an an advice or an ultimatum to the present president nicolas maduro of venezuela to conduct fresh elections within eight days whereas the president has stated that it cannot no countries can interfere into the affairs of the venezuela and india has stated that india will always never interfere with internal affairs of a country and it is for the people of venezuela to choose their political future through constructive dialogue through and through non-violence this has been the statement of india and as of now since we depend mostly on crude oil we do not have any problem and because venezuela is the selling country we are the buying country and however experts also state if in future guan guaido becomes the president that means united states of america and all its allied countries in europe and latin america will have a friendly terms with venezuela which may which may renovate their purchasing of crude oil which may shrink our buying capacity from venezuela this is what we have to keep in mind otherwise we do not have much problem we are part of non-aligned movement both venezuela and india and india is supporting that the people of venezuela should decide rather than the other countries through interference with this we come to the end of the discussion related to the crisis in venezuela we request you to like our video comment our video and also to subscribe to our shankarae's academy youtube channel for more updates and content on civil services preparation


Hey guys, welcome back to Come Again TV. We're all geek culture collides today. We'll be taking a look at Star Trek The Next Generation, Mirror Broke, and number three from IDW Publishers. Stay tuned. Space. The Final Front Team. These are the voyages of the ISS Enterprise. Its continuing mission. To conquer strange new worlds. To enslave new life and new civilizations. To boldly go where no one has gone before. We open aboard the ISS Enterprise D in its shuttle bay. Riker and his crew are standing in attention in their dress uniforms, awaiting the arrival of Captain Jellico to take command of the ship. Jellico is a harsh, arrogant captain, demanding only the best from his crew. So much so, that when one of his crewmen didn't have his tunic properly pressed, he had him drug away for retraining. Jellico has a high priority meeting as soon as he takes command. The meeting is with Dr. Beverly Crusher, the best damn triage doctor in the entire empire. Jellico requested her personally because there will be many casualties in the service of their mission. And it's Crusher's job to heal them and keep them fighting. Before leaving, Jellico makes a threat toward Wesley. If he gets in the way of your duties or keeps his crew from getting the best care, well, let's just say I'd hate for him to have any accident. The Enterprise is a large and dangerous place for a child. The Enterprise is finally preparing to launch. It's staffed with a partial crew of 200, which is perfect for Picard's invasion force of 150. The Stargazer's shuttle bay has been converted into one giant transporter. Barkley and his team have sabotaged the Stargazer to ensure it will be left behind with no engines or weapons. Those who didn't pass the Inquisitor's scans will be left behind. The crew of the Enterprise will join Picard or die. There will be no prisoners with very little problems and only four casualties. Picard and his team are able to effortlessly take command of the Enterprise. And Jellico is escorted to the break by data. It's here that Barkley and Data have a quick word with Riker. You see, Picard's life is protected. A man in Riker's position, flush with a recent victory, might suddenly find himself overcome with ambition if something were to happen to the captain. His loyalists would be forced to assume that the officer on board most likely to gain from the disappearance was responsible. And they would be forced to respond accordingly. It's here that we see Data at his most badass moment so far. Riker says to Data, Of all things I might have expected from you, the last would be loyalty.  To which Data responds. I am still discovering that for myself Commander. Test me and we will both find out together. Picard visits Crusher and asks if he can trust her. But according to Beverly, they haven't spoken in years. They weren't even on good terms then. And there was never a full investigation into Jack's death. Why should she turn on the Empire and join a band of mutineers? Picard walks over to Wesley who appears to be somewhat out of it. Almost as if he's kind of autistic. You can drop the act anytime you like Wesley. Jellico may be a fool but I never have been. At that, Wesley stiffens up. He's been acting the entire time. It's Wesley who talks his mom into joining Picard. You see, he scanned the profiles of the entire crew as soon as they took command. Picard's crew are the most capable in the entire Empire. And the only crew who are capable of standing against the Cardassians and the Klingons. In the most badass moment for Picard so far, he has Data bring Jellico to the shuttle bay where Picard says to him, Consider yourself dismissed. Just before the command crew leaves Jellico alone in the bay, Picard disables the force field and sends Jellico out into space to die. Personally, I felt this was a great issue. Both Data and Picard had some very badass moments. And they didn't even have to break a sweat. Looking at IDW Publishing's website, it says issue number four became available in August, but also states the issue itself isn't available on their website at this time and to visit your local retailer. But looking on Comixology, it doesn't seem to have it listed in its catalog as being for sale, but is available for pre-order. And according to this, its print and digital release will be October 11th, 2017. So here's its synopsis. The Enterprise D is finally under the command of Jean-Luc Picard and he's on the hunt for enemy warships, looking to strike back for Earth. But Picard's crew will find themselves under attack from both sides and Picard will stop at nothing to regain its secret weapon. There you have it, guys. I hope you enjoyed this episode of Comic NTV where we took a look at Star Trek The Next Generation, Mirror Broken number three. I really enjoyed it. I'm really digging this series. I can't wait for issue number four to come out in October. We may break with our horror-themed October reviews as soon as this comes out, just so that we can review Mirror Broken number four. Happy October, guys. I'm Shannon for Comic NTV. Take care.


It's my pleasure to welcome our next keynote speaker, Marika Holland. Marika is a senior scientist and the section head for the paleo and polar climate research section of Climate and Global Dynamics Lab at NCUR. Thanks again, Marika, for accepting our invite and look forward to your talk. Thank you. Yeah, thanks a lot for the opportunity to speak here. So I'm going to share my screen. So hopefully you can. Yeah, it's nice. Okay, perfect. Okay. Great. Yeah, so I'm going to talk with you today about sea ice predictability so I'm a sea ice geophysicist and a climate scientist and so I normally often think about things on very long time scales kind of century time scales. But more and more with the changes happening in the Arctic. I think a lot of people in my field have started thinking about sea ice predictability predictions on shorter timescale so I will be talking about initial value predictability. It's sort of seasonal and maybe a little bit longer time scale. Probably not sub seasonal, I won't touch on that too much. But I'm also going to bring in a climate angle to this, and talk a little bit about how we expect these initial value predictability characteristics of sea ice to potentially change in the warming climate. And I'm sorry, hopefully that someone just started mowing the lawn next door, hopefully that noise isn't filtering through too much but what can you do. Okay, so that's kind of the context for my talk and I think a lot of the interest in seasonal predictability and the Arctic has grown in the last decade or so because of the long term changes happening in the sea ice cover. So this shows the time series of September sea ice in the Arctic from 1979 here to 2020 and you can see over this time period over the modern satellite era we've had this traumatic loss of Arctic sea ice. You know, values around 7 million square kilometers or more in the 1980s. This year we were less than 4 million square kilometers for the month of September in the Arctic, so the change is rapid, it's dramatic. It's affecting the entire Arctic system. On top of this of course you can see that there's also this very large year to year variations and sea ice and so I've just pulled out two years here which are kind of the extreme year to year variations you might expect but September 2012 here which was our record and 2013 so the next year. And you can see that you know the difference in sea ice here is dramatic. And if you're thinking about marine access in the Arctic. You know this 2012 conditions had extensive open waters north of Alaska and bearing straight, whereas in 2013, there was much more ice cover there so this has real implications for people accessing the Arctic. And there has been a lot of changes. In terms of things like shipping in the Arctic. So, this just shows some some ships within the Arctic this one's actually named Maria, which was great I could find a vessel and that has my name. But these ships are actually going through the Arctic they're going through the Arctic more frequently. And so there is a real need for these kinds of predictions on seasonal time scales for these marine access considerations. There's also a need from them in the context of indigenous hunters. And so, for example, there's a sea ice for walrus outlook, which is basically to support indigenous hunters in the region her hunting walrus that pull out onto the sea ice so they're happening, they're happening rapidly and it's brought this sort of new interest in being able to predict sea ice on these seasonal time scales to have safe marine access in the region. So in the context of that, there's been a great deal of research in the last decade or so on the topic of predictability of sea ice on seasonal time scales. And I'm going to give you a little bit of background on that. And some of the major things that have been found. And I'm going to put that in the context of this autocorrelation plot that was published by Ed Blanchard Ricklesworth back in 2011 so about a decade ago. This shows just the lagged autocorrelation of the northern hemisphere ice area so here you can see, you know, January at the top correlated with January so the but the values on the diagonal here are going to be one. And then in following months just to get a sense of how persistent sea ice anomalies might be etc. So what you can see from this is that there is a persistence timescale in the sea ice area of several months. So, no matter what month you look at here, you know, it's, it's highly correlated for the next two to three months so that suggests some predictability in the sea ice on that kind of timescale. Additionally, there's an interesting structure here that there are anomalies that reemerge in the sea ice cover. And so, in order to explain that I'm going to put it in the context of the ice area annual cycle which you can see, this is just a climological annual cycle that shown for two years to illustrate why we get this reemergence of anomalies. So you can see that here I'm highlighting it in the circle here where some of this reemergence occurs. So say may see ice anomalies. You get very little correlations kind of, you know, October time care but then those correlations increase and become significant again. So what's happening here is during this sort of ice retreat season that these months represent, you can see on the ice area annual cycle the sea ice is undergoing a very dramatic reduction so it's melting back into the Arctic basin. And as it does that it can leave ocean heat content anomalies behind. And rapidly the sea ice melts back can influence things like how much solar absorption there is in the ocean, which can lead to ocean heat content anomalies that then the sea ice doesn't feel for several months because it's melting back into the Arctic basin. But when the ice regrows in the fall and winter it can reencounter those ocean heat content anomalies and give a predictable signal. So that leads to this reemergence of predictability at this time of year. We also see a reemergence of these anomalies from one summer to the next often. And the mechanism for that is actually quite different. So here again it's being illustrated on the plot of the annual cycle. The predictability mechanism that drives that kind of summer to summer predictability is associated with ice thickness anomalies. So ice thickness anomalies can arise in the fall freeze up time period depending on atmospheric conditions etc. And those ice thickness anomalies are long lived ice thickness anomalies then can influence the melt out the next summer. This reemergence of those anomalies from one summer to the next associated with those long lived ice thickness anomalies. So there's different aspects of predictability on these different timescales depending on the seasonality, but these are some of the kind of major background of what we think is going on with sea ice predictability. I'm showing this from this one study, which was one of the first studies to sort of document this but this has been found in numerous other studies so it's not just based on these auto correlations based on a lot of other evidence as well. Okay, so there's a lot of evidence that we do have predictability and sea ice on seasonal out to perhaps inter annual timescales. And that that is an initial value predictability aspect of the system. But of course, you know, those, the system is chaotic and the degradation and that predictability is associated with the sensitive dependence on those initial conditions. And I think this, this plot that's actually from a paper break brand stutter and tang nicely shows though that there might be a different predictability characteristics depending on where you start what your, your climate conditions are say. So for example here on the left you have, you know, a cloud of initial conditions say, and over time those don't diverge a great deal, suggesting that there's predictability out for quite a long period of time. Whereas the one on the right here you can see that those initial conditions that error in them grows dramatically, such that over the same period of time you might have a much less predictable system. So, these kinds of studies suggest that the predictability characteristics can be dependent on the initial conditions and of course that's been shown for a number of aspects of the system. And because the climate in the Arctic is changing so dramatically it begs the question as to whether cold thick ice covered Arctic might have different predictability characteristics than a warm, thin ice covered Arctic. So I'm going to explore this question a little bit. And there's reason to believe for the sea ice that this could actually be important because sea ice processes are actually climate state dependent. And some of the sea ice processes that we know are important for this initial value predictability are climate state dependent. So this is ice growth. So, thin ice with less snow will grow more rapidly, subject to the same portion. So, if you look at the schematic on the left of the floating ice covering the Arctic, you know the ice is made up of regions of different thicknesses, there can be open water areas, there's snow on top of that sea ice and all of that sea ice is in motion. The ice grows primarily at the base of the ice pack, and that growth is associated with the conduction of heat through the sea ice and snow, and that heat then being lost to the atmosphere. So basically how much ice growth you have is associated with that conduction, and that is very strongly related to the thickness of the sea ice. If you look at, if you look at just a plot of ice growth versus ice thickness, you see that thinner ice will grow more rapidly. This relationship is also nonlinear device thickness again actually goes as one over the thickness because of that conduction relationship. So what this means is that this is actually a negative feedback on ice thickness. So if the ice spins, it'll grow a little more and counteract that thing. And that is actually a feedback that is stronger in a thinner ice regime. So I'll come back to this when I'm talking about the predictability results. There are other aspects of sea ice processes that are climate state dependent and in particular the open water formation that happens during melting in the summer. So again, if you go back to this schematic on the left and you think about melting the sea ice vertically, which is how it primarily melts. The areas of open water are going to preferentially occur in these thin ice regions because they can completely melt out. That thing can have a big impact on the surface albedo feedback and how much shortwave you can absorb in the ocean. So we do see that the amount of open water formed per centimeter of ice melt is more effective in a thin ice regime. And again that there's a nonlinear function of that open water formation efficiency with ice thickness. So we have these processes in the sea ice system that are climate state dependent. We have a rapidly thinning and declining sea ice cover. So it begs the question of how Arctic sea ice predictability characteristics might change in a warming climate. Okay, so we set out to investigate this by using the community or system model as a tool and performing sets of perfect model predictability experiments. So basically what we did is that for each decade from 1980 to 2030, we initialized ensemble predictions on January 1 in which we took restart conditions from the CSM one large ensembles we had a perfect knowledge of our initial state from the model. We applied a very small perturbation to the round off level perturbation in the air temperature, and then we ran one year predictions. For each climate state each of those decades we actually picked four initial states that sort of sampled across the range that we would get from the CSM one large ensemble. And we performed 15 ensemble members for each prediction state. So I'm showing an example of that here for the Arctic Ocean ice volume predictions, just to illustrate the method so the dash lines are the CSM one large ensemble range in this property this is taken from 40 ensemble members of a free running climate model. So the spread across them is really a measure of internal variability in the CSM simulated climate. And then I've picked four different initial states from which to run my predictions, and I've run 15 ensemble members each and you can see that after 20 or 30 days those ensemble predictions start to diverge. And that divergence becomes actually considerably larger when they reach the melt season. Okay, so this is shown for Arctic ice volume. And we can quantify some metrics of predictability and here I'm just using something very simple I'm just looking at the spread across my prediction ensemble, which is shown the average of which is shown in blue the individual ensembles are shown in great. And then the internal variability. And so if this prediction ensemble is much smaller than what we expect from internal variability. It suggests that there's a predictable signal that the initial values are giving us some predictability of the sea ice volume. And again I'm running these for a year so you can see that how that variance grows in our prediction ensemble throughout the year. And you can see it's always much less than internal variability suggesting that for sea ice volume or CS thickness. There's a very highly predictable signal for an entire year. This is seen in many other studies as well. And I'm just showing this for the 1980 ensemble set to illustrate the, the design of our study. Okay, so what about ice area, because there's a lot more interest from stakeholders in ice area than an ice volume because it's much more relevant to marine access considerations. I'm showing basically the same plot of ice area variant or variants and the prediction ensemble and blue, the internal variability and red, and I'm just showing this for the summer. All of these were initialized on January 1 so we're looking out, you know, six to eight months here, six to nine months and now to December actually. And you can see that this actually looks really different than the ice volume. The prediction ensemble variants across the ensemble members is indistinguishable from internal variability. And it really suggests that for 1980 at least, there's no predictability for summertime sea ice area, based on initialized forecast in January, but we see something quite different as we move into the future with a thinner and warmer sea ice cover. We actually see that we start to have a predictable signal in the Arctic sea ice area. And the initialization prediction spread from our initial prediction ensemble is considerably less than what we get just from internal variability. And this is particularly true at 2010 so I'm showing this here just in the simple kind of variance metrics but we see this also if we look at something like the anomaly correlations as well. So, it looks like as we move into a warmer, thinner Arctic system, we have enhanced predictability. And this is true when we look at these atmospheric metrics. It's also true if we look at maps of sea ice concentration and the Arctic. This is just shown where this prediction skill here would be higher in the darker blue colors. And again, when you look kind of across the Arctic. It looks like there's enhanced predictability and that predictability is particularly strong in this 2010 time period. Okay, so why is this the case. We know based on these previous studies that ice thickness is a very important predictor of summer ice area so we can use that to think about what causes a loss of predictability in the sea ice system. So we know, I sickness is important because those thickness anomalies are long lived and thickness anomalies at the beginning of the summer can affect how much melt out we get over the summer. So that we can relate to that then to the loss of predictability by looking at these two different factors. What's the growth of our ice thickness anomalies from their initialized state. So this would be an ice thickness error growth metric. And basically, this is just shown here from one ensemble set. I'm not showing it in terms of ice volume but that's just the integrated metric of ice thickness, and you can see that over time those ice thickness. The simulation start to diverge in their ice thickness such that by early summer. When they can affect melt out you have a considerable spread across them. So we can just quantify this by looking at the spread across our ensemble members. The aspect of this loss of predictability is how these ice thickness anomalies at the beginning of summer affect the melt out over the summer and ultimately affect the September sea ice area. And we can quantify that by just looking at the regression of September ice area on the July ice thickness. And that's what's shown here, and you can see it's quite linear so we are just going to use regression metric for that to look at the melt out sensitivity to these thickness errors. Okay, so what does this look like when we look across our simulations and the changes over time. So here we have our January initialized conditions where the error in ice thickness quantified as the spread across our prediction ensembles is very small, and then you can see it grows into the months into the future. You also see that that ice thickness our growth is smaller in the warmer climate. And that's because of this ice thickness ice growth rate relationship, which is climate state dependent, which means that anomalies in thin ice are more strongly damped. So it's related to this ice growth ice thickness relationship and the fact that that is nonlinear. In terms of this melt out sensitivity to ice thickness errors. We see something actually quite different we see that that's actually larger in the warmer climate. So again I'm just computing this based on a regression of September ice area on the previous July ice thickness anomalies. So you can see that from 1980 here that value is quite low, but out in the warmer climate of the 2020s and 2030s that value is quite large. So that melt out sensitivity to ice thickness grows in a warming climate. This is consistent with there being a lot of thin ice that can depending on the weather conditions in the summer can easily melt out or if it's a little colder can actually stick around. For the summer months. And that's related to this influence of ice thickness on the open water formation efficiency associated with summer ice melt. So we have these two competing aspects that affect the predictability in the system. We have this growth of the ice thickness anomalies from their initialized state that's smaller in the warmer climate. And we have the fact that those ice thickness anomalies can affect summer melt out, which is larger in the warmer climate. So these two things compete. And it actually means that there's this kind of sweet spot for predictability that's in these moderate conditions, which in our climate model simulations are for our 2010 ensemble state. And so in this case the September sea ice area predictability is highest because they have not those simulations have a modest ice thickener thickness error growth. And those ice thickness errors at the beginning of the melt season, have a modest influence on the September sea ice area. So that's why we have the largest September sea ice predictability for that, that state of the climate. Okay, so just to conclude, and Arctic sea ice area has predictability on seasonal and longer time scales. And there are different mechanisms that drive that depending on whether you're looking at summer or winter sea ice conditions. So with the summer ice area predictability. It's related to long lived ice thickness anomalies that can affect melt out. And both the longevity of those anomalies, those ice thickness anomalies and how effectively they impact melt out does depend on the sea ice state so because of that we expect predictability characteristics of sea ice to change in a warming climate. And I touched on this here but I think it's been mentioned. Another talks and is also a very active area of research, but these predictable signals in the sea ice can also impart predictability to the atmosphere, and to the ocean, and to the marine biogeochemistry. These are really interesting topics that, you know, are worth looking into and hold some promise for increasing our ability to predict on the sort of seasonal time scales, not just for the sea ice but for other aspects of the system as well. And so with that, I'm happy to take any questions if there are some and I have to throw a polar bear in because I took this photo, and I'm an Arctic scientist. Anyway, thanks for your attention and I'm happy to take questions if there are some awesome. Thanks a lot for great talk on the Arctic. I see Judith, you have your hand raised. Yeah, thank you very much. I feel the ice component is something that came a little bit too short in this workshop, but there will be future workshops to address that more. My question is on the uncertainty associated with unrepresented subgrid scale processes and subgrid scale heterogeneity and I was wondering if you could comment on that. And if you think it plays a role for these initialized forecast you have been doing. I think it does. So, so there is some evidence. That our climate models, these kind of perfect model experiments might be too predictable. And I know this is quite different from other aspects of the climate system like the NIO where it looks like our models might not be predictable enough. But there's some evidence that sea ice is too predictable. And I actually think that there may be some issues with how we represent subgrid scale processes in the model, things like wave sea ice actions which can add noise and you know ruin our predictable signals. Things like subgrid scale heterogeneity of snow on sea ice which we don't represent well at all, but which is really important for things like that ice growth ice thickness relationship. So it's another source of noise in the system that I actually don't think we capture well. And that's true for the Albedo to so all these things that can impact these predictable signals, I think are not terribly well represented in terms of their subgrid scale heterogeneity. And I think they could definitely impact. So one of these things that we see are important for the sea ice predictability, like how rapidly ice grows, how rapidly ice growth might kind of reduce anomalies in the system those kinds of things. So yeah, I think it's really important to improve those aspects of our models. Thanks to it and thanks Marika. Chudong, you have a question in the chat. So one wonder what is the role of the MIS in the predictability of solid sea ice so when you talk about the ice, the ice thickness I assume you're talking about the solid sea ice but then between the solid sea ice and open ocean and have the MIS MIS means the marginal ice zone there's a lot of ice floating ice and open small open water so it's the mixture of ice and water. I mean, for the sake of students. So I wonder, what's the role of MIS in the prediction predictability of the solid sea ice. So I think the, the size of the MIS, especially when you're moving into the summer months is going to be associated in part with how thick that the sea ice is from the previous term so how rapidly can melt that out how rapidly can break it up with wins and and other things that actually affect the MIS. I think there is some relationship between like the size of the MIS and the winter time sea ice thickness say if you're looking from winter to summer months. The MIS itself being able to predict say that the size of that the location of it is of course a really important topic and again there are things that we don't represent well in the MIS wave sea ice actions is a particular particularly important thing that we don't include in our climate models yet, but it's coming. So I think that'll help improve things like the prediction of the MIS and how rapidly the MIS grows and how large it is and those kinds of aspects of the sea ice system. Thanks Chiram. Thanks Maika. I had a question Maika in terms of the future prediction you showed that as we get into warmer climates the seasonal timescale predictability increases or the internal variability across the ensembles reduce right. If we look at sub seasonal timescale or shorter timescales, would you have a comment on how that would change especially with, for instance if the jet stream shifts north and we have more variable weather like exotropical cyclones or like arctic cyclones impacting sea ice melt, those are probably less predictable on on short timescales right. Yeah, so I think and I think the sea ice is also more responsive to those in a warmer climate. And so I would expect I mean and I haven't looked at this but my expectation would be on sub seasonal timescales, we would see a loss of predictability in a warming climate. Both because there's a potential for increased storms, say, and also because any individual storm has more potential to break up the sea ice. And our sea ice is more able to move and be impacted dynamically by the winds. And so those kind of aspects are likely to lead to less predictability on sub seasonal timescales and a warming Arctic. Great. Again, I guess like a sub seasonal timescale information would be useful for like navigation in the future article operations there. Yeah, and there's a lot of work going on in that area as well I'm just less involved in it. You know, in terms of sea ice motion. And there is a lot of predictability actually on sub seasonal timescales for the sea ice. So there is a lot of persistence. So, so that's good news. In terms of the sub seasonal timescales, although again I think it's likely to be impacted by the long term climate change that we're undergoing so yeah. Yeah, thanks again for your really great talk on the Arctic and polar climate. Thanks.


United Arab Emirates President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zaid has died. The State News Agency reported on Friday he was also a Lola of Abu Dhabi Emirates. Another constitution, the Vice President of the Premier Sheikh Muhammad bin Rashid al-Kuhum, Lola of Dubai will act as a president until the federal council or groups of acting groups of the 7 Emirates made with 30 days to elect a New York President. Khalifa was born in 1948 to come to power in 2004 in the richest Emirate, Abu Dhabi and became the head of the state. He expected to be succeeded by a Lola of Abu Dhabi by his brother Grand Prince Sheikh Muhammad bin Zaid. All about Muhammad Khalifa, Khalifa. Remember Sheikh Khalifa bin Zaid has been the President of the United Arab Emirates, the Emir of Dubai, Abu Dhabi and the Supreme Commander of the United Arab Emirates armed forces from 2004 to 2020. He was also the chairman of the Supreme Patriot Council from the late 1980s. He succeeded his father as the Emily of Abu Dhabi on 2 November 2004 and the presence of the United Arab Emirates on the following day. During his reign he was deemed as one of the richest monarch in the world. He controlled 97.8 billion barrels of oil results and was the chairman of the Ablaab investment authority which manages over US dollars 875 billion in assets. The largest amount managed by a nation's head of state in the world correctively. The family is believed to hold in 14 of US dollars 150 billions. On 4 January 2010 the world tallest man made structure, Origina Inola Debuja, Dubai, was renamed Debuja Khalifa in his honor. After the Abu Dhabi gave Dubai US dollars 10 billion to help pay off the debts. In 2018 Forbes named Khalifa in its list of the world's most powerful people. Thank you so much for coming back to this channel. May his soul rest in eternal peace. Remember if it's your first time come across this channel please consider subscribing and supporting this channel for the latest update. It makes from the next creation. See you again in the next video.