At Audiology Associates of Prestonsburg, you can live your life the way you want and find the freedom of better hearing. With 40 years of being in the hearing care industry, you'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. Governor Andy Beshear joined local leaders Tuesday, March 7th to break ground on the new Johnson Central High School and Career Technical Center in Painesville. Oh, this is thrilling. This is not only the construction of a brand new Johnson Central High School complete with a new career and technical program and center. It's also, we believe, the largest construction project in the history of the county. It's going to create huge numbers of jobs while they are building this school, but it is also going to attract jobs to the community. This is a big dream. It's going to move this community forward in really special ways. The manufacturing skills gap in the U.S. could result in 2.1 million unfilled jobs by 2030, according to a study by the Manufacturing Institute. The new school will help close that gap and attract manufacturing to the region. Well, this is going to be a jobs magnet in Eastern Kentucky. Right now, the companies want a site and we've used our PDI program to help sites here in Johnson County and across Eastern Kentucky. But they also ask, where's my workforce coming from? Take them to a brand new career and technical center overlooking this incredible vista that you see right here, and they will know exactly where their workers are coming from. We have announced major investments, the largest new jobs programs in numerous counties across Kentucky, and they have pointed time and time again to the career and technical programs in our public high schools. The current Johnson Central High School is over 50 years old and was built to host 715 students. It currently hosts over 1,000. We pride ourselves on providing opportunities for every student, no matter what their career pathway may be, and we have done that for so many years at Johnson Central High School. Our current building is 54 years old, and so we've been providing those opportunities in an aged building. And we cannot describe the excitement we have to be able to provide these opportunities in state-of-the-art facilities now, in classrooms and in labs, to really prepare students for what they're going to be facing once they get out of school. Phase one of the project is anticipated to take 20 months to complete, and phase two is anticipated to take two and a half years with an estimated completion day of 2027. I mean, the kids are pumped for this. Every single day someone will start a conversation like, oh, aren't you so excited? We don't have to have our choir concert at the sip anymore. We can have them at the school or, you know, we can host district tournaments better than we ever have before. Everything like that. The kids are so excited, even though most of them won't be here for it. They're just like me. They're so excited for the rest of Johnson County and the future of Johnson County. Reporting for Mountain Top News, I'm Brianna Robinson.


Welcome to this lecture in acoustics. Today, we will move further till so far what we have been talking about is how sound propagates in an elastic medium and more specifically in fluids, how sound propagates in fluids especially in one dimension with reference to a Cartesian framework. So, essentially what we have covered till so far in detail is propagation of sound through long tubes or ducts. Now, this type of sound propagation has limited applications because most of the sound which we encounter in real applications does not propagate through ducts or tubes. Instead it propagates over long distances and most of this propagation is radial in nature. So, you may have a sound source and sound gets emitted from it in all directions and it gets radially transmitted over long distances. And as it travels eventually it may hit some reflecting surfaces and it gets reflected. It also on the path may get attenuated because of absorption characteristics of the medium in which it is travelling or also it may face attenuation because when it hits a reflecting surface part of the sound will be reflected back and part of the sound may get absorbed by the surface which it is striking. But in general propagation of sound in most of the applications which we encounter in real applications occurs in a radial way. So, what we will start talking about today is radial propagation of sound and as we develop a theory or a framework to understand radial propagation of sound we will impose one restriction that is at least for starters and that will be that there will be we will not account for the reflection of sound. So, once you have a point source through which sound is getting emitted and it propagates through air or some other fluid medium then it just keeps on going out forever and it does not hit a reflecting surface. So, that is the type of radial propagation of sound which we will analyze and develop a framework for. Some examples of this type of radial propagation would be for instance you have a bird in the air flying in air and it emits a particular sound and it travels in all the directions as we eventually we listen to that sound and the example would be an aircraft flying in air it is emitting sound and sound is getting propagated in all directions in a radial way. Another example would be an object flying moving in ocean waters deep into in the ocean waters and it surrounded on all sides by a fluid medium and once again when this particular object it could be a fish or a submarine or whatever when it emits sound the propagation of sound is again radial in nature. So, that is the context in which we will be developing a framework for radial propagation of sound. So, we will again start with one dimensional Cartesian framework and what we had seen that for a 1D Cartesian system the relation for pressure which we had developed was something like this. So, this is the pressure wave equation for propagation of sound as it travels in one dimension specifically if it is moving through wave guides or ducts or some devices of that nature. Now if we want to extend this for 3 dimensions then again if we are talking about a Cartesian reference frame then for a 3 dimensional system the wave equation for pressure will look something like this. So, it is second derivative of pressure with respect to x plus second derivative of pressure with respect to y plus second derivative of pressure with respect to z and that the sum of all these three derivatives equals 1 over c square times second derivative of pressure with respect to time. Now I can re express the left hand side of this particular equation in this format and this particular symbol is known as Laplacian. So, essentially this equation for wave propagation in 3 dimensions has been rewritten as Laplacian of pressure equals 1 over c square times second derivative of pressure with respect to time. So, we will number this equation as 1. Now please note that this Laplacian is essentially an operator it is a Laplacian operator and this is essentially this. So, Laplacian operator if I want to write it in a Cartesian framework it will look like this. Another thing you may want to notice that Laplacian operator of if I operate if I perform Laplacian operation on pressure then the resulting entity will be a pure number it will be a scalar number it will not be a vector quantity. And another interesting thing about this particular operator is that it does not matter if I conduct this operation in a Cartesian framework or if I move to a cylindrical framework or I move to a spherical coordinate system if I conduct the Laplacian operation the emergent entity after I have conducted that operation it will remain the same because the right hand side of the equation is not changing it is variation of pressure with respect to time. So, if I change my coordinate system from Cartesian to cylindrical to spherical the left hand side also will not change. So, with that understanding what I will do is I will re express this particular equation which is essentially wave propagation equation in three dimensions and till so far we had seen how Laplacian looks like in a Cartesian reference frame I will re express the same thing in a spherical system. Now, for a for spherical system Laplacian of a function f is equal to 1 over r times del over del r of partial derivative of f with respect to r plus excuse me I missed a power here and I think I have to correct this plus 1 over r square sin psi times del over del psi sin psi times secondary derivative of this function with respect to theta and in a spherical system r theta and psi these are the three independent directions. So, theta is known as a muthal angle and psi is known as zenith angle. So, this is the relation for spherical system likewise if I have a cylindrical coordinate system then Laplacian of a function f scalar function f in a cylindrical coordinate system I can write it as 1 over r times partial derivative of this thing with respect to r plus 1 over r square times second derivative of f with respect to theta plus second derivative of f with respect to z and in this case the three coordinate directions are r theta and z. So, this is how I will write a relationship for Laplacian of a function in spherical coordinate system and the second relation is for the Laplacian of a function f in a cylindrical coordinate system. So, as I mentioned earlier I am trying to develop a relationship for a spherical system. So, I will choose this particular function and then I will see what kind of manipulations I can do and get an equation of it a wave equation for spherical coordinate system. So, at this point I will introduce a term called monopole. So, monopole is essentially a point source from where sound is getting emitted. So, theoretically its dimension it is a dimensionless entity it is a point it is a source of sound and the size of that source is that of a point. So, it has virtually zero size and sound is getting emitted from it and then another feature of this monopole is that it is radiating sound in all directions in a spherical way. And the third thing is that the emission of sound from this particular source is equal in all directions. So, essentially what that implies is that the sound field due to a monopole source is a spherically symmetric or in other words I can also say is that the variation of sound field in theta direction and also in psi direction. So, in the azimuthymal direction and also in the zenith direction the variation of sound field is zero. So, for a monopole what I can say is that any variation of pressure field with respect to theta is zero and any variation of pressure field with respect to the zenith angle is zero. So, given that understanding if I replace f by p in all these places then and using this understanding that variation of pressure with respect to theta and with respect to psi they are zero. What I see is that these terms vanish because here I have del p over del psi and here I have second derivative of pressure with respect to theta. So, these two parts of the relation they go away. So, essentially what that means is that for a monopole the laplation of pressure is nothing but 1 over r square times del over del r r square del p over del r and we know that this laplation has to equal 1 over c square times second derivative of pressure with respect to time. So, this is my pressure wave equation for a spherical coordinate system and that is holds true for a sound source which is a monopole in nature. It has extremely small size it is emitting sound in all the directions equally and in that kind of a situation the pressure field is going to behave in such a way that it is consistent with this particular equation.   So, essentially what I get is 1 over r this is my equation 2. Now, if I look at the left hand side of the equation I see that it is r divided by c square times second derivative of pressure with respect to time and I can re express this side as 1 over c square times second derivative of this function p r over t because partial derivative of r is 0 and also second derivative r with respect to time in a partial sense is also 0 because this is the case because of this reason I can re express the right side of the equation as 1 over c square times second derivative of p times r with respect to time. So, I will now complete this equation. Now, the next thing I am going to do is I am going to expand on the left side. I am going to expand on the left side and I think I made a small error here. So, this should have been r. So, once I expand on the left side what I get is 1 over r times I am going to differentiate the term in parenthesis with respect to r. So, I get 2 r del p over del r plus r square second derivative of pressure with respect to r is equal to 1 over c square times second derivative of p times r divided by over with respect to time and once now what I will do is I will multiply or divide this term in the parenthesis with this r. So, essentially what I get is 2 times partial derivative of pressure with respect to r plus r times second derivative with respect to r and that is a partial derivative is equal to 1 over c square times partial derivative of p times r with respect to time. So, this is my equation 3 this is my equation 3. Now, what I do is I do some further manipulation and in right and when I am doing my further manipulation I am going to manipulate another term on this side on again left side of the equation. But before I start doing that let us look at this term. So, we will start with the term let us consider this term.  So, if I differentiate it the first time what I I can rewrite this as and what I get in parenthesis is r times partial derivative of pressure with respect to r plus p and now if I differentiate it once again with respect to r this entire thing in parenthesis what I get is r times second derivative of pressure with respect to r plus 2 times first derivative of pressure with respect to r. So, what we observe here is that this term and this term they are essentially the same. So, I can write I can rewrite the left side of equation 3 in terms in the same way as this term. So, I can replace the left side of equation 3 with second derivative of p times r with respect to r.  So, this is the wave equation for a monopole in a spherical coordinate system and the reason I had have developed this particular form of the equation. So, earlier this was the wave equation which we had developed, but then later we transform that form into this particular form because we will see that this is from mathematical standpoint it is easier to handle when we are specifically trying to solve this particular equation. So, this is the standard pressure wave equation for a monopole which we will use subsequently. Now, what we are going to do now that we have developed this particular wave equation is we are going to solve it. So, again we will start with our understanding for a 1 D wave equation for a Cartesian framework and see how we solve that particular equation and then we will use similar techniques to solve this particular equation. So, for 1 D Cartesian system we had seen that a general form of the solution for a pressure wave equation was something like f 1 times t minus x over c plus f 2 second function of variable t plus x over c. This particular term captured the effect of a forward travelling wave and this particular term captured the effect of a reflecting wave. Now, given our basic assumption that we are not accounting for any reflections, we will not have a term which is similar to f 2 when we try to solve for a pressure wave equation for a monopole. So, this term is going to go away and then we will have a term which is something similar not identical, but which is something similar to this particular term when we solve for a pressure wave equation for a spherical coordinate system for a monopole. So, what we see here is that here the term in the parenthesis is p times r. Now, in a 1 D Cartesian system the pressure wave equation looked like. So, we immediately see that instead of p we have replaced it in a spherical coordinate system by p times r and x has been replaced by r. So, right away we recognize that a potential solution for this particular equation would be. So, solution for monopole and this will be a general solution for a monopole would be p of r t is nothing but f 1 t minus x over c, but this entire thing will be divided by r, because if I now multiply p times r that is same as t minus x over c or rather r over c. So, this is my general solution for a monopole. Now, what we will do is we will prove this is a solution which we have assumed and now we will prove whether this is indeed the solution for pressure wave equation for a monopole. So, we will rewrite the pressure wave equation and then in terms of p and r we will plug in this particular relation.  So, the LHS or the left hand side of this equation becomes and that is nothing but 1 over c square times partial derivative f 1 with respect to r and then RHS if we do the math correctly we will again find that this is same as. So, again because LHS and RHS are same we have verified that this is indeed that. So, that this particular function f 1 of t minus r over c divided by r is indeed the solution for the equation for a monopole. So, general solution we will rewrite general solution for a monopole is and one particular form of this solution could be. So, we see that this particular form is consistent with the general solution. So, this is a valid this particular form real part of p plus p plus is a complex number and it relates to the magnitude of the pressure wave. So, this is real part of p plus divided by r times E j omega t minus r over c and this is a particular type of a solution for a monopole. One thing we see in this case is that as we increase the radius as we move away from the monopole the value of pressure or the magnitude of the pressure decays. So, if we double the radius the pressure goes down the magnitude of the pressure goes down by a factor of 2 and so on and so forth. So, what we immediately see from this is that pressure is directly proportional to 1 over r or it is inversely proportional to r. We will now re express this term as something like this. So, this equation has been re expressed as p of r t equals real of complex amplitude which is dependent on omega and radius it is again very similar to what we had done for 1 d waves moving in a Cartesian reference frame. So, it is equal to real of p of r omega times E j omega t and where this complex amplitude p of r omega is defined as p plus which is a complex number times E j omega r over c divided by r. So, what we have covered tell so far is a monopole we have developed the equation for a monopole how pressure varies of a sound source which is close to a monopole and which is emitting sound in all the directions in a radially symmetric way and we have developed a pressure wave equation for such a sound source. And then we have also gone ahead and developed a solution for this kind of a sound source and also developed relations for pressure for monopoles. So, what we are going to do next is we are going to develop a relation between velocity and pressure for a monopole type of a source.


My dear viewer, welcome again to our series of 40 Days of Prayer. This is day 16, since began this series of Moments with the Lord in Prayer. And today we are still advancing with the word series, and we are especially looking at the word in the symbol of light. But before we start, let's see a prayer. Gracious Father in Heaven, thank you for the privilege that we have, a precious moment to be with you and before you, as we briefly share from the scripture in half time more to pour our hearts to you. Lord, invite your presence to be with me right here, and be with my viewer wherever the Lord blesses us with your presence. For it is in Jesus' name we pray and believe. Amen. For today's prayer day 16, the word is a light. And so text of course is Psalms 119, I know, verse 105. Psalms 119 verse 105, the word is a lamp unto my feet and a light unto my path. The word is a lamp unto my feet and a light unto my path. The Bible looks at the scripture as light. Now you remember we said, we saw where Christ said, you are the light of the world. But not today here. Gansis, the one of God is the light, the light. We are the light of the world, but the one of God is the light or a lamp unto our feet. When you look at the symbols here, the word is a lamp unto my feet. It speaks of something that shines or lightens or illuminates our path. So the purpose of the word of God in this text, a light unto my path, simply means the one of God is the means through which we are guided as to where to step, how to walk, to be able to see the path clearly, to be able to see the way, to be able to see the obstacles on the way. You see when you're walking in the night and you don't have light, then you're always in fear of stumbling. You're always in fear that you may hit stones on something and you may hurt yourself. You don't have confidence as you walk. You don't feel secured as you walk in. And our Christian work is liken to that physical work here on earth. So when we don't have the word of God as Christian, then we lose confidence in the work, in the jane. We're not sure whether we are safe as we walk through. We don't know how we can figure out the obstacles on our way because we are not able to see. And so the word of God then in this text is what enables you and me to see the way clearly. Now listen to me. Christ said, I am the way. That path to heaven is Christ Jesus. And when you bring it in this context, then it simply means that everything is saying here, your word is the light that shines that I can be able to see the way. You cannot see Jesus as He is without the scriptures. In the scriptures we interact with Jesus. The scriptures illuminate, shines, gives forth light of righteousness. The scriptures reveals Jesus. It is through the scriptures we see Him Jesus and so we see the way.  Now before we talk about the light, if you look at the first symbol, thy word is a lamp unto my feet. It's very, very significant, very, very important. You see lamps don't light without spirit, without oil rather. Lamps don't light without oil. You've got to put some oil inside, some paraffin, some something that can make it light. And so the word of God will not shine in your heart, in your life, without the spirit of God. It is the spirit of God in the world that makes the one shine in your life. It is the spirit of God that makes the one shine in the world. It is the spirit of God that makes you figure out and see Jesus as He is.  Meaning, when I study the word, they really interact with the power of the word of God, the spirit in the word of God and together the scripture, the word of God and the spirit of God transforms me, renews me, opens my eyes that I'm able to see the way Jesus Christ And so friends, this moment as we seek the Lord in prayer, today we are focusing on the aspect of this one of God to be able to guide our path, our way, our ways of life. It is the one of God that cancels us. The one of God has as power to direct us into parts of righteousness. The one of God, David says, Have I hidden my heart that I may not seen against you? It is the one of God that controls us from the excesses of life. It is the one of God that restrains us for the love of God constringing us. When we interact with the one of God, then we are retained within the confines of the provisions of righteousness that which you can see God. And so this morning, this afternoon, this evening, wherever you are watching us from or whatever time you are in, we want to invite you to think about the power that is in the one of God to guide you. And are you guided by the one of God? Do you think and feel that the one of God is supreme authority in our life? Do you feel and accept that the one of God is the rule of faith that we have? It's what guides us. It's what shows us the way. It is what desants our intent. It is what speaks of the purposes of God for us. It is what speaks of the intentions of God for this life and for lives. It is what reveals God as he is and the plan of redemption we all interact through the scriptures. How much do you study the one of God?  Do you take time to study the one of God? How often do you do this? You know, I know some people who just work in the morning, they just pray, they go. They come in the evening, they pray, they go. The only time they interact with the scriptures is when they in church or when there is an organized Bible study. But imagine how you live without the one of God. It is like going through the night without light and every night without light. So we are inviting to turn back the scriptures and be student of the scriptures to search and see what God expects of us. Did you know that in the scriptures there are so many promises? In fact, one guy was counting the promises of God in the scriptures and he said there are enough promises for each single day in 365 days of the year. So imagine that through the scriptures you can identify a promise for each day. Maybe one of these fine days I'm going to have a program here where we will be just speaking of a single promise for each day and perhaps you take a couple of days to see how that looks like. But imagine in the scriptures God has placed all the promises that you may desire a need to help you jane on. The scriptures is a breath of God we see. But today we are saying the scripture the one of God is a light, is a lamp that gives light. To shine in our hearts, to shine on our jane, on our paths that we may not stumble in our Christian walk. Other things you need to seek the Lord because you look into your life and you stumble in one way or another. This one of God is able to guide you how you can ask forgiveness, repentance and be able to walk with the Lord. Invite you to join me as we pray. And for other prequences that we have globally as a church allow me to quickly give you one or two that we can join together as we pray. We are going to pray for strength to have faith in God's promises and not to be brought down by our feelings or doubt or fear. Pray the promise of God's word over the seven people on your list. Also pray that Jesus' love and the truths of his word would find entrance into those countries where there is no advantage presence. Pray for believers that are experiencing great religious persecution especially in Russia, China and Middle East countries. Pray also for those who have chosen to be baptized since the conflict started in Eastern Europe. Pray for those decisions that may be permanent as they make them. This and those that you are having and the ones that may have come into your mind as you briefly spoke from the scriptures is what you can meet the Lord. Wherever you are, take time speak to the Lord. Join with me as we pray together. Our gracious father in heaven this moment we thank you for the privilege and the precious moment that we have to share and to be at your feet. It is always awesome to be at your feet. Here we find forgiveness. Here we find hope. Here we find grace. Here we find eternal life. This morning Lord we thank you for reminding us that we have a word which is your word in the scriptures. Which to us is a lamb. It's the light for a path. Lord we are praying that as we walk this journey of faith we will never lose sight of the scriptures. This is the rule of faith that we may catch the spirit of reformers. Martin Luther and his team who would stand at a critical moment and say by scripture and scripture alone.  This word is able to sector our thoughts and intents and reveal the true colors of our lives and guidance into repentance and guidance into the path of righteousness for your name's sake. We are praying today for a renewed appetite for your word. A renewed interest for your word. A renewed commitment of study of your word. That Lord we shall be enriched we shall be equipped and we shall be very furnished with all that we require and need for this journey as you await for the second coming. Thank you Lord even for the request that we are presenting that the church has posted and we thank you even for those who have been praying and seeking from you this moment Lord all together we pray that you shall join and answer them according to the riches and glory. Those who have been weak and stumbling and backslidden those who may have forgotten about the start of your word we are seeking even through this 40 days of prayer and especially today for a special revival. I know Bible studies may have stopped in some homes Lord you may cause a revival in those homes that Bible studies may be again active in those families. I know the churches have prayer moments and Bible studies times are located but because of many issues and busy schedules and struggles and they are such good important programs are fading away we are Lord praying this moment for a renewed spirit in even the family and the church for a revived state of your world in small groups individuals comparatively as a church that we will be busy in the state of the world that we shall be able to see our path and see how we walk as Christians in this critical time the history of the world. Lord may you feel us with the spirit which is a world that keeps the lamp burning that this will never be quenched but because of the power of the Holy Spirit we will continue being agitated for the state of your world not just being agitated for study but also be agitated to share and to tell others about your life we will continue to pray for a special outpouring of the power of the Holy Spirit upon us Lord this season of prayer let it not Lord be just another season of being in prayer but now fruits are building nothing but Lord indeed this shall be a season where we are transformed, we are revived we are shaken in way that we can be fit and for eternity so we thank you Lord this morning thank you Lord this afternoon or this evening wherever my viewer would be but we pray that your presence the power of the Holy Spirit will be our encouragement or confidence and the power of the Holy Spirit this shall be renewed and be prepared for the second coming is our prayer Amen


I'm Jonathan Goodell, Public Information Officer here at Cal OES. We're here at the Family Day in Open House. It was a great day for families, the public and the employees. There's something for everyone. One hour before the start of Family Day and Open House, the Stanislaw County Sheriff's Department landed a helicopter within feet of the Cal OES headquarters. The helicopter landing was merely a tease for the rest of the day. Cal OES headquarters might have been the safest place in the world on Tuesday. His emergency personnel from law, fire and other first responders joined together for an informative and educational day on public safety. Visitors were allowed to climb inside, sit in a front seat, and even sometimes play with the controls of a variety of different emergency vehicles, with first responders stationed nearby to answer any questions and provide insight. Fire personnel and law enforcement officers weren't the only ones being put to work. This hammered and decorated miniature houses at the Lowe's Booth. A new plaque was presented in honor of former Senator Bill Campbell, a touching press conference with a multitude of speakers including Cal OES Chief Deputy Director Nancy Ward and NFL Hall of Famer Tim Brown, who also hung around to sign autographs and pose for photos. For those that worked up an appetite, five different food trucks from tacos and burgers and kebabs to sweet treats served up plenty of lunch options. By the end of the day, kids and even man's best friend were worn out. Another great day here at Cal OES, Family Day and Open House, we had 46 agencies including the Sanislaw County Sheriff Helicopter, it was an amazing day for our community, employees and the public here at Cal OES. I'm Jonathan Goodell for Cal OES News, OES News dot com.


This is a strike all amendment and two things that would change from the bill of introduced and we've got this amendment would get rid of the purpose in the 10th section and just get right into the requirement which would be in section one for the state ethics commission by November 15th to submit to this House GoVox committee a proposed state code of ethics for statutory enactment that would apply to the executive branch and the legislative branch for non-core legislative duties and then options for implementation and enforcement of that proposed state code and in doing so the commission under B would be required to seek input from the executive and legislative branches advocacy groups and the public prior to submitting those recommendations. Section two is the extension of the current funding source for the commission which is currently scheduled to run out at the end of this school year so this is the summit for another year with the effect of date on passage. And just I think that advocacy groups could include a lot of different, they could include the media, good government groups, municipal, it could include a lot of people. It just seems better than for straight advocacy groups then. Sorry, try that again. Anybody want to, would like to comment on this draft? Can I ask a question? You may ask a question. Okay, I had version 2.3 and I'm not sure what the difference is between the Friday version and the 3.1. We included the time for the purpose and five days we was redundant because it was also stated in lines 8 and 9 and 10 through 12. And we switched implementation and enforcement from enforcement and implementation. It made sense to do implementation before enforcement. So we switched those. That really was the only thing. So the only other thing, again, I don't mean to open this up, but judicial branch, we can't make references to that in this bill. So I think it raises constitutional concerns to do so. It's the same reason why this bill says for the legislative branch for non-core legislative duties. The judicial branch has administrative control over the courts of this state and disciplinary control over judges and attorneys. So attempting this general assembly can only control by statute what the Constitution does not. I think that language of the Constitution provides the judicial branch, particularly the Supreme Court, with the authority over judges. And what should be conduct that would subject them to discipline and how they administer their courts, including their judges. And that umbrella would also include attorneys.  Thank you. Disciplinary control over both judges and attorneys. I did have a conversation with the court administrator out in the hallway today. I think I believe she's going to be putting some thoughts together on the suggestion I heard on the way to work today, that all of the statewide executive branch officials are suggesting that the code apply to all three branches. I do think that raises concerns. I expect the judicial branch to weigh in on this at a future time. On the letter. Yes. Because it very clearly says that the Supreme Court shall have administrative control of all the courts and disciplinary authority concerning all judicial officers and attorneys in law in this state. So they discipline all attorneys and all judges and have administrative control of all the courts, which seems to imply that they have been in control over their staff. Isn't that what Kennedy ran? That group oversaw the discipline of the lawyer of the state. Yes, it did. That was like Kennedy's. I can't laugh at that. But anyway, so I would actually think that ours is, if they want that in their letter, that's their letter, and they'll have to deal with the judiciary. We don't have to deal with the judiciary. Would a courthouse clerk fall under a statewide employee? Well, I would think that there would be a difference of opinion there, because it does say that they have administrative control of all the courts, which could be interpreted to mean that they also have control over the actions of all their employees. And I think that's something that the courts are going to have to work out with the statewide officers that signed that, but we don't have to wander into that at all. So what's our plan to respond to that letter given its address to you? What's your plan to respond? I'm not going to respond at all. I mean, what is there to respond to? I'm just asking. Is it online? It is online. I sent Doug Hoffer a note and said thank you for doing this, and I don't know what else we need to... Well, I think it would be appropriate to respond and say thanks for this is what we're aiming to do in 198, and the judiciary is not in our purview. I mean, you might identify that the Constitution explicitly says that we aren't able to... I guess we could do that. I think that would be helpful. Okay. I took this as just their letter saying they're going to abide by a state code of ethics. That's what the six people that signed it said. They're going to abide by the state code of ethics. Right. Well, I think... They're saying they will abide by a state code of ethics. Do they have to abide by a state code of ethics? The current state code of ethics? Well, it's a new one that's going to be developed. Enforceful. I mean, that's a conversation you're going to have in the future. Because under this bill, the commission is going to propose one with the police. And it's going to cover the executive and the legislative branch for non-court legislative duty. So the executive branch, does that include the state-wide office? Yes. Yes. And they're saying we intend to abide by it. So I think we can have this constitutional conversation now, or we can have it later after you get the proposed code. You could include the judicial branch now in this recommendation. I think at some point, you'll probably want to have a full constitutional conversation that includes the judicial branch to get their perspective. But I don't think we need to have that now, because we're not including the judiciary in ours. We're not mentioning judiciary at all. And the fact that they mentioned judiciary is their issue, not ours. I agree, but it's a letter directed to address to you. Right. And I think we should respond by letting them know what we're doing, and that in fact, constitutionally, the judiciary, nice for them to abide by that, but that our work can't include the judiciary at this point. And they didn't say it should. Okay. No, I'm just saying it raised it. It's fine. Yeah. It sets the expectations of the public, that somehow we are going to have a state code of ethics that also addresses the judiciary. And I think it would be helpful for the public to see a public response from you and Sarah that says, yes, we're moving forward on this, and we are unable to do that. Okay. I don't know that any public out there really cares, but we can do that. That's their, they'll have to deal with that. If the judiciary goes to all their offices and says, that's their issue, not ours. Okay. But we can send a letter to each of them, I guess, address it to each of them and say, I'll write a letter. And we're right with you if you want to do it with the committee. We're here. Well, when I write letters, I write it from me for the committee. That's right. Because it doesn't mean it's... But can we get back to 198, which is what we want to deal with, not their letter and what they think. That was nice of them to do it, but... In some ways, it's a continuing conversation. It's good because it reminds me why we're choosing to give this data to the commission until next year to come up with a statutory code of ethics. Right. Exactly. So we're trying to do it all this year. Right. Because that's some pretty basic stuff that needs to continue to be paid. So with that in mind, I'd like to move that remote overdraft 3.1. That's 198. Can you help me? Larry, did you have something to say? Yeah. I could be heard on that. Sure. Thank you. Thank you. We have to... We have to... How do we do this? Okay. Larry knows from the Ethics Commission. I have one major concern about the changes to S198, and that is the part that requires the Ethics Commission to submit to you options for enforcing and implementing the code by next fall. Well, I... And this is not a... This is more a political concern than a legal concern. I'm very afraid that if we are discussing enforcement at the same time we're talking about a code, that it will kill the code. I'm very afraid that the... there'll be so much attention to who is, you know, under the enforcement who might be the victim or the subject of enforcement and what that enforcement might look like that the focus on having a good working code will be lost. I'm very concerned about that. That's why we proposed it the way we did. That I think we really... And this is... This mirrors or echoes the comment that I made for S157, is really... It's a chicken and egg situation. And until we have a code that everybody agrees on, I think discussion of enforcement is premature. I understand and I share the desire to have something in place. But where we are right now and where we need to go and the route that we need to go to get there, I think, requires a step-by-step approach.  I was thinking back early when I was in law school I was given the knee-jerk liberal award for my class because I was always on the left end of things. And here I am taking a very, I think, conservative approach to this which seems out of character for me. I think the most realistic way to getting a code is to focus on the code and then have a discussion down the road about enforcement. It would be great if we could do it all at once. I don't see that happening. And I just hate to give anyone who might not be a firm supporter of an ethics code something to tie to it or use to defeat an ethics code. That's the long and short of it. So I'm sure everybody wants to weigh in on that. But I see this as it says that you're going to do a proposed state code of ethics. That's pretty clear. You're going to have a draft of proposed state code of ethics. That it's... I mean, it'll get debated and changed and wording will get changed and everything. It doesn't say you're going to have a proposal for implementation enforcement. It says you're going to throw out some options. It could be implemented this way. It could be implemented some other way. Maybe we should do it the way New Jersey does it. Maybe we should do it... That's the way I see that. So that because those questions will come up when we look at the adopting the code, I believe there will be questions from our colleagues and from us about what does this mean in terms of implementation or what does it mean in terms of where we're going to go. And I may be wrong, but I think that what we're asking you to do is look at different options that might be there. Not come with a proposal of how it would happen. Anyway, so I may be wrong about that, but... I think you're right. I agree. I would be... I think that people outside this room who don't understand the kind of mindy conversations we've had about this over the last couple of years think we're moving too slow. And I think they're right. And we are moving pretty slow to make this ethics commission as strong as it needs to be. And I think if we just do the code of ethics and then start a conversation about how we're going to implement it just I'd be really afraid that we're slowing it down too much. Because I think we've already slowed it down quite a bit. For a good reason, I'm not being overly critical. I think we've had reasons why we've slowed it down. But I think that to further slow it would be a mistake. I agree with Anthony. And it has been since the beginning in draft 1.1 and I'm trying to find the original that enforcement was mentioned. I believe but anyway it's in draft 1.1 and it is in draft as originally introduced it has that would be enforced by the commission. So I think how it's going to be enforced is critically important. And it's certainly one of the questions we have and have had. I guess a chance to have second eyes on this I'm questioning why non-core has appeared. It wasn't in draft 1.1 and it was in as introduced. Yes, but what is non-core legislative duties? The constitution says that we have control over our core duties. Our core duties are so anything that has to do with voting like conflict of interest and when you should vote all of that is a core duty that the constitution says we control ourselves. We rules for that a little bit. Yes, it's there. Our non-core duties are things like whether we're misusing state property or stealing money out of the these jar upstairs or whatever those non-core there's a list of about 8 or 10 of them that are specifically come. And non-core duties was in the original one and it wasn't in 1.1. That's what that means. And that's why we have the senate ethics panel or whatever it's called. There's a question about whether you voted on something that you were not supposed to vote on. It wouldn't kill the ethics commission but it would be dealt with by the senate ethics committee. Or if you took money for a vote or something like that then the core duty is the vote and creating legislation to vote on. So, that's why that's there. I'm sympathetic to what Larry's brought up. That said, I will probably go with the rest of the committee on the vote. You're suggesting, I assume, that we take out lines 13 and 14. If I'm looking at the right version. Yes. Yeah. Here's a minor point. It's just interesting in the dynamics of this. You're asking the ethics commission I'm assuming a fairly comprehensive list of options. They could come up with two or four. They're going to be debated. And we're going to change them. Well, I would be shocked if they weren't. The way I see it, the code of ethics that the commission comes up with. I'm imagining that's going to go to the floor of the senate in the house next year. We're going to be debated and adopted. The options for implementation enforcement are like a mini report that you bring back here to the committee to have discussion about. It's not necessarily going to go to the floor. At least I don't think so. Unless we get really company. And I think there might be just as much political fallout if we don't put this in here. As if we do. But I may be wrong. I may be wrong. In terms of the timing, then I don't see the difference between leaving it out and leaving it in. In the end, we have a code that we could get adopted next year. But then you're saying that the implementation enforcement will come at a later date. It's still going to be... It may or may not. It won't necessarily go to the floor in the same way as the package. But it might. It might come up with a staggered implementation. We don't know until we're presented with what there were. That's why having lines 13 and 14 is good because we may decide that we're ready to bring it off to the floor. Or that we're ready to bring it to the floor in stages. We have the code of ethics. This part will be... We would like implemented by this date and this part who is going to take longer to implement. So I don't know. But I think it's important to have that information. And really it's asking you to come back to some options. Not a recommendation and not a proposal but just some options. Your best thinking though. Right. I certainly have reviewed enough statutes to have some ideas and I can put together a list of things. Where I am most troubled is the idea that a conversation on the code will be distracted by a discussion on it. The conversation here in the building or the conversation. Oh, well I think we have to be responsible for managing that. Well, we can. Right. Yeah. Yeah. And the other... You see how well we manage. Let's say it has laws that affect other people. Right. We're good at that. So it's easier. I've never seen a piece of legislation before and I don't claim to be a fully informed historian on this that imposes or seeks input from an organization that is staffed by a half time one person no staff in usual. What do you mean? The statute basically says Larry give us the options next fall. With your commission. Well I'm doing the work. Right. And so I would much have preferred to say I'm happy to give you a list of options rather than to have it being a statute. It feels like I don't want to say a burden but it is a lot to put on a half time position person that's all. If you pass it, it'll get done. If you take it out, it'll probably still get done. Are there overtime options? No. Yeah. So I finished my hours for this paper early this morning and the longer I spend them, it's just the more more depth to the state of your mind. Yeah. Hopefully you have a lot of input from advocacy groups and others to make your job easier in terms of coming up with a forceful idea. I don't know. We'll see. I'm sure that some groups that we can have to be involved. I think there's very good models out there that we can choose from. Hopefully you don't have to reinvent the wheel. No. I don't see any reason why we would have to have a clear appearance is that the models are all over the place in terms of how far things are enforced and who is the subject to enforcement and what that looks like and whether, for example, if we're talking about the state officers, statewide office holders, would an ethics commission have a hearing and then make a recommendation to the general assembly and they would take care of the sanction and the commission or someone has that if they even themselves it's a long list of options that might happen. So I can suggest that this is effective upon passage. You've already done a lot of work on both of these, on the state code of ethics and on options and that's eight months before it's due. Assuming that you don't get 400 complaints that you have to deal with it seems to me it's doable in eight months and you could just call NCSL and ask them to send you a list of all the things that all the other states do and there's your list of options. So there's your list of options. I mean because you're not making recommendations. Right.  And we wish you well. Thank you. It's non-compensate as often. I'm ready. I know. No, I'm supportive of moving ahead. That's for compensation. You're asking for compensation. I wasn't asking for compensation just kidding. It's not a rational group. Well it's not a I think we're I think we're reasonably rational. We're just under compensation. Well don't anybody for a moment believe that the minute we start talking about enforcement we're not talking about dollars. Oh yeah, no we know that. And that's the concern.  But we're not asking for a recommendation about we're just asking for some options that we could do and we may say the best option is to do it exactly the way we're doing it. But it's hard for us to make that first of all until we see the thing and then we look at the options. Anyway. Maybe suppose we go home for the year and talk with the precations maybe they'd be willing to invest at a higher level. No, they wouldn't. I know that. You know the opportunity here is great to build in mechanisms that require serious whole time. So you also might call UVM they have a couple different programs that have internships for students and a student might be a really good resource to do a lot of the research on options. Speaking of which we have two UVM interns right here who have just walked into the room recently. We have two UVM interns this afternoon Moira who is working with me. I'm Carter. So I'm also going to be working with Lucy Rogers on the social equity focus. So I see some of your colleagues might want to work with Larry. Potentially. And Richard Watt's program. We can put you in. Thank you. We have a promotion on the floor to approve draft 3.1 of S198. Okay. Brett. Yes. Clarkson. Yes. Paulina. Yes. White. Yes. Motion carries. And then I think we need to do the final motion which is to approve S198 as amended. I would say Brett. Yes. Clarkson. Yes. Paulina. Yes. Great. Would you like to drink with this? Since it was your belt. We have to look at it. I didn't think so. I was just looking at it. He was doing it. That's right. We've already signed it. This is true. Thank you. Thank you Larry. I appreciate your time.


Hi, I'm Subhan Parthia on behalf of the Linux Foundation and my next guest is Kapil Thangabellu, lead maintainer of Cloudcoastodian. Kapil, it's great to have you back on the show. Happy to be back. We are going to talk about CNC of Cloudcoastodian. So can you talk about how are you involved with the project? I founded the project maybe four and a half years ago when I was at Capital One and had been leading in the open source since April 2016 when we first released it to GitHub. So I'm currently the lead maintainer for the project. We have a group of about a dozen maintainers and over 300 contributors today. And now let's talk about the Cloudcoastodian project itself. What is it all about? Cloudcoastodian is designed to give a policy as code tool for large organizations or any organization really that's operating in the cloud. The challenges of cloud governance really go across multiple different pillars with regards to security, with regards to compliance, with regards to operations or cost optimization. And these are sort of all the things that need to be well managed in the cloud. And so what Cloudcoastodian does is it gives you a YAML DSL for being able to express policies that then are enforced in an environment. So a policy typically involves three parts or four parts. One is it defines a resource that you want to enforce a policy on, say a VM instance. And then it applies some filtering to the collection of instances to find the things that you're interested in. Say instances that have underutilized CPUs or instances that are on the public internet and don't have appropriate IAM permissions associated to them. And then it lets you take some actions. And so those filters and actions are really fine grained and you can compose them sort of in arbitrary ways. And the actions might be something like stop the instance, take a snapshot, modified security groups or IAM capabilities. And then finally there's this notion of a mode, an execution mode. And so an execution mode basically defines how you want to run the policy. The default one is just simply pulling and you can pull the clock control plane for information about those resources to find and filter to the interesting set. But the more interesting ones are also event based where you're actually able to express that this policy should evaluate things in real time as things are changing. And so you can do that on sort of the API audit stream of the different public cloud so that it affect able to enforce policy in real time as things are changing in your environment. And those event bindings can take place across dozens of different sources. We have deep integration with say AWS config or with GuardDuty or with Google Cloud Security Command Center. So there's different signals there. API audit streams are probably the most common one that people use. But you also have additional sources both from first party from the providers themselves as well as downstream integrations. If I'm not wrong, the project was contributed to CNCF in 2020. Why did you decide to contribute the project to CNCF? And then we'll talk about the governance and everything of the project itself. So we had a lot of contributors from the different cloud providers from Microsoft, from Amazon and then a large end user community in Capital One, TransAmerica 23andMe. We really have a very diverse set of contributors. And the notion on moving the project to the foundation was trying to find a good neutral home where all these diverse collaborators could work on the same project and feel safe that the project was in good stewardship, had good governance that it wouldn't have had that neutral home to continue to receive continued investment and adoption from other users. And a lot of this was notionally geared towards wanting to become a de facto standard for cloud governance. And we felt like the best way to achieve that was to have a neutral home for the project and its collaborations to live in. You already explained that a lot of companies involved, initially you also mentioned what kind of communities there. I also want to know about the governance structure. The good thing is with most Linux Foundation project there is a very good structure, how the project is governed, but sometimes projects choose their own structure. So talk about the governance of Claude Custodian. So the Linux Foundation I think is in the CNCF are fairly famous for not actually dictating. So we had considered Apache as well. I think the challenge that we saw with the Apache Foundation and all hats off, it's a wonderful organization. But it's very prescribed with regards to how things must run and everything and that tends to involve a lot of communication overhead. With Linux Foundation and the CNCF in particular, they really don't dictate to a project what governance structure should be outside of it should have one. I think is the most important thing that they consider. So currently we're closer to a BDFL type of model that you know that style has sort of fallen out over time. And we're currently sort of looking at whether or not we want to institute that as a rotating structure over time and have going through a maintainer election process to elect that. Right now from a governance structure, we also sort of carve out to the different providers. We have a lot of different like no one can know all the clouds to speak. And so we have very deep integration capabilities with with the three major public cloud providers. And so right now it's also a sort of a sub maintainer or project maintainer on a on a subtree sort of model with regards to people that are able to freely code review and commit on different projects. So we have a team at Azure that's been working on our Azure provider for a number of years. And so they run fairly independently with regards to be able to manage and triage on those issues that affect that threader distinctly. This is an open source project so anybody can go and check it. But if I ask you what kind of roadmap you have or what kind of the next big thing for the project if you can share those. Yeah, so we've gotten a lot of different capabilities right now on to the different cloud providers. So some of this one of the largest challenges for a project that's tracking to native capabilities on the cloud is simply keeping up with the pace of innovation of the cloud providers. And in some sense that is that is a key value chain for why open source is so key in this space is that it takes community to cover on all of these different capabilities. A recent last maybe a year and a half ago I built out a website adbsapichanges.info simply just to keep track of all of the API changes that were happening within a single cloud provider. And you know there are literally dozens of them each week covering off on a diverse array of services. So one of the key focuses for the project is to always continue to track that pace of innovation from the underlying providers and make sure that that's reflected in capabilities within custodian such that people can govern on these newer features capability sets. So that's a key focus area the secondary capabilities are really about going into, you know, keeping track with and doing deeper integrations with some of the native capabilities on the provider. So there's new features and then there's the capabilities that the cloud providers themselves have in this space with regards to governance and and one of the key differentiators for custodian is that we actually do deep integration with those capabilities. So we want to be the easiest way for users to use the native capabilities using custodian to help get more productive workflows. As an example, let's take AWS config and AWS config rule might be, you know, 50 to 100 lines to write a custom rule, and then there are 50 to 100 lines to do the DevOps around that. With custodian, you can simply do that roughly 10 lines of the animal and get something that is functionally equivalent and is a 20 x productivity game. So making sure that we cover off on those capabilities. I think there's some newer capabilities on both the Azure side and and the GCP side that we'd like to continue to grow on. We've had some experience with some users operating at large scale within Azure and GCP and some there's some new capabilities there with regards to I don't need that we want to expose. And then finally, you know, I think there's a notion of, you know, now that we're in the CNCF being able to add additional depth to our Kubernetes integration. It was originally done as sort of a proof of concept, and it, you know, it works, but it's very if you look at what state of the art for tools in that in that particular space and that compute provider that that we need to evolve there to be to be a best of breed tool. Appeel, thank you so much for taking time out today and talk about not only Stanley, but also claudka student. And as usual, I love to have you back on the show. Thank you. Thank you.


Hi, this is Dr. Ganesh Reddy, consultant surgical oncologist at Manipal Hospital, Vijayawada.   The symptoms usually the patients present with a breast lump or any breast swellings and also which is usually painless and also they can present as with a nipple discharge that is bloody nipple discharge and also any swellings in the axilla. That is axilla swellings like lymph nodal masses and all usually 80% of the patients present with these symptoms. So, it is very important for any women with these symptoms usually they should consult nearest oncologist and once they come to the hospital after seeing any breast lump, we usually first confirm the cancer by doing a biopsy that is taken biopsy and also we stage the disease. That is we do scans to stage the breast cancer. There are 4 different stages that is stage 1, stage 2 which is called early breast cancer and stage 3 which is called local advanced breast cancer and also stage 4 that is called as metastatic breast cancer. That is breast cancer has already spread to either lungs, bone and brain or liver. After doing all these tests we stage the disease and there are different treatment modalities such as surgery where we do surgery like removal of complete breast or a part of breast along with the lymph node. As well as lymph node dissection or central lymph node biopsies and also chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy and hormonal therapy. So, based on these stages of the disease we do a combination of these treatments after discussing in multidisciplinary tumor bed where surgical oncologist, radiation oncologist, medical oncologist and pathologist and radiologist we sit together and decide and do the best for the patient. And it is very important for us to detect these cancer at a very early stage. So, we have to do a screening. What is screening? Every woman who crosses 40 years of age group they must do a yearly mammogram so that we detect these cancers at very early stage and we can cure the patient of disease. So, it is very important to do a screening mammogram yearly after 40 years of age. By detecting the cancer at very early stage we can cure the cancer completely so that I recommend all the women above 40 years of age group to get yearly mammogram and to get treated at very early stage and to save many lives. Thank you.


So are there specific ones that you guys have seen or that come with switching alone? Are there specific costs that when you're switching alone They they are Associated with it. Do you know you some people might not be aware of those and can you take us through some of those if they do exist? Yeah, absolutely So typically there's four major costs that you need to actually look at but just to contextualize it You are looking at moving your bond from one institution to another So in that process you need to have an attorney that will re-register not re-register but change the bond from one entity to the other Even you're welcome to the private property podcast. It's a weekday and it's 7 p.m So we are talking everything and anything property if you are joining us for the first time Thank you so much for stopping by and I hope that you are going to have a good time If you are joining us on the Trader Spaces a special shout out to you and thank you and thank you for joining us for tonight's episode So tonight I am joined by experts as usual people who are going to be talking to us about a topic that is really on the pulse and top of mind I'm in the property industry at any point in time because I mean every property Investor and property player wants to make sure that they maximize their property portfolio and of course save money so in today's topic we are talking switching your home loan and possibly accessing some equity and I am joined by Pochelet Lape who's a portfolio manager as well as Kyle Villagasi who is the head of virtual channels at Epsa home loans Good evening guys and thank you so much for joining us Calculators Perfect. Thank you so much for joining us guys. We really appreciate it and I'm looking forward to talking to you guys About this conversation to which is exactly switching a home loan. What is it and how does it look? Who can switch a home loan like take us through the nitty gritties and your experience how has switching home loans helped people in the past Push up. Let me start with you ladies first Absolutely and once again, thank you so much for having us this evening as such a pleasure to be joining you And I think you know, maybe that starts with understanding the context You know in terms of where we find ourselves, you know in the South African context So we've seen very low interest rates over the time when we had called it You know, knockdown, etc. We saw the reparation decreasing Significantly, which actually have made sure that you know customers had access to Credit which actually make it possible for a lot of our customers to access home loans Now, we know that you know when you are passed for a home loan They do offer the ability assessment etc. You are given an offer from an interest rate perspective And that is actually how you actually get to you know, get access to your home loan now We've seen over the past couple of months That is far as can result banks has actually increased the reparation right so each time interest rates increase It means that you pay a little bit more than you would have what not really paid So every time the fab says the reparation is increasing back to the five basis point you go and you calculate Oh, that's an extra 300 grand and you can only let them if that happens four times in a year You're paying about 1200 grand extra So customers are actually in the market to look at ways to reduce this pressure from an interest rate perspective And switching is one of the ways that customers can look at, you know, to do some of these pressures from an interest rate perspective So customers are looking for a way to save money and you could be looking for Competitive rates your bank could possibly not be willing to reduce the interest rate And that's why you actually go out to another bank or other banks and say here's buy a home loan I want to switch it to you. Can you give me a better interest rate? It could be service if you're not happy with or you could want to put all your products with one bank Because you want to benefit from the world's perspective, right? So I'm Really that's what fishing is about and when we say fishing we are saying you are literally moving You're spending funds in one bank to another, you're not moving houses and You continue paying a month in advance with another bank Thanks, do you mean? Sure. I'm very informative and when we're talking Switching are we saying that this is specifically for for people who are Like how do we quantify people who can switch? Are we saying it's everyone if you have a home loan and you you are looking for a competitive interest rate Then you can look into switching or are they terms and conditions that are around switching and I'm asking that because One might be in in a current home loan now and thinking of switching Is they closes that might be in their loan agreement with the current bank that they're in that won't allow them to switch? So I don't think we apply any conditions whatsoever in terms of the type of person that actually switches No, do we actually look at it in terms of what you'll be using the funds for? So we try to actually make it as easy as possible for all consumers and to actually meet them Where they are in terms of ease of convenience, but typically the funds could be used for just about anything, right? So from paying school fees as an example to holidays home renovations and even solar solutions Part of the thing is that we can I you can actually use those funds for and I think to Porsche's point Given the strenuous nature in terms of what we're seeing in interest rates It's now the most viable time to actually look at it if your bank is not necessarily giving you the right sort of interest rate And of course we'll get a lot of some of the cost which will unpack a little bit later in terms of transfer costs associated with the switch Sure, let's talk a little bit more about an applicant like someone who is Who's switching? Does this necessarily allow them to access equity because in tonight we want to talk about them possibly accessing this equity Is it is it a given that if I switch I will definitely access a little bit of equity? I'll take that one So I think let's first explain what equity is, right? So you bought the property let's say five years ago and at the time the property was valued as a million so you you bought it for a million and we know that property Appreciating value. So as an example, your property's value has increased now to 1.2 million So you have equity in your property of 200,000 which is the difference between your loan amount and The value of your property, right? Now in the context of switching you would have already paid Some amount to what your loan amount, right? So let's say for argument's sake you sit with an outstanding balance of 800,000 rents now You put equity of 400,000 rents, right? It is the value of that sitting in your home loan So when we talk accessing equity basically what we meaning is that 400,000 rents that are just explained is equity that you can apply to the bank and say I Have equity of 400,000 rents. Can I access this fund? So the bank will obviously go through a credit assessment, an affordability assessment Take if you can actually afford to service the 400,000 rents loan and Granted to you. So basically the bank will pay you the 400,000 rents in cash And I think you know to power point Thanks, don't ask you what you're going to do with 400,000 to be using it for anything as power and exchange Sure, I like the fact that you were saying that we can use it for anything because that's exactly what Carlos speaking to and and I I think I like that fact because you know nobody wants to really be dictated to what they're going to do with money that they receive and My next question is that does it always result in equity because sometimes The value of the the property might have dropped and we've seen it based on Conversations that we've been having on the podcast in terms of property valuations and the market as it's changing and the different things that are changing in terms of Maintenance and all of the things that may devalue your property as a property owner so in the case that it does not result in in In equity for for for the property or the home owner. What happens in that case? Yeah, so I'm I think in the context of switching and equity because we're talking about them interchangeably When you stretch your home loan, let's say in the example I use you've got an outstanding balance of 800,000 and another bank You want to switch it to up that you will apply for the 800,000 rents to be transferred to up that and then you will say Can I have an additional 400,000 rents because I believe that I've put it in my property So yes, there are instances you are rightly you don't have equity in your property It could be that you took out a further advanced while you were with another bank So you've used up the equity or you switching to soon your property has not really actually related You know any equity so you can't access additional funds But I would assume that you know as a customer you would possibly have a sense of where you are from an Expectors and before you actually applied, you know property valuations are done as well to your point as part of application process Which you know we can discuss at a later stage So I would say if you do know that is what equity or you suspect that is what equity Apply for it. Let the bank to evaluation and tell you how much it is available and how much we can expect to you Sure Caller reaching your home loan and possibly Accessing some equity from whatever you have already paid on your home loan So if you have any questions any comments, please do filter those to us so that we can field them right here on the conversation tonight Thank you so much for everyone who's actually joining us on the Facebook feed We really really appreciate you always coming back and spending your evenings with us So I'm just quickly gonna go through the poll the poll for the day. We asked everyone What is your favorite house design and we gave everybody four options? We gave them the modern house design and they keep Dutch house house design as well as the Victorian house design and the Tuscan house design style and Our our answers were actually quite almost the same because everybody said either definitely Tuscan or a Modern day with a touch of farm house design style If you got equity posture and you had an ability to change your house, which one would you go for? And Kyle I'm guessing you're gonna go more than of course So modern digital that's why I'm at because everybody really wants to come home and ask Google home to put the lights on so Everybody right will just put go for for modern. Thank you so much for that guys And we will we'll keep going on to the conversation and ask in terms of the conditions because one of the things that I'm already thinking Is that then you find people who switch to to to to one financial institution or they get there They are they are home known from one particular institution and then keep hopping around We know we've got different financial institutions in South Africa that at different times may provide competitive rates Are they conditions that apply to people who who switch number one or who after switching you don't you are not able to do one? Two three are those conditions that are outlined before what before after one switches Cal Yeah, thanks. I'll take that you do so From a conditions that when banks typically don't place any conditions on the customer this who switched to them, right? They are obviously typical conditions that are associated with a home loan top of mind I mean looking at property insurance Life insurance in some instances based on income bracket can become mandatory and of course the condition of paying your monthly Repayment on time So I think those are the typical ones We would typically also go through a normal affordability assessment when we do a switch Assess the asset if you're switching over to us, but we don't necessarily place any Significant conditions on people switching over to us outside of the normal status quo criteria that we normally apply So are we saying that there's a possibility for you attempting to switch and your switch application being declined? Yeah, so it can be declined by virtue of us needing to actually go through an affordability assessment, right? So if for whatever reason there are significant issues on your credit bureau or even if it does a judgment There will be those hindrances that would prevent us from granting you that switch even if you choose to come to us so it is important especially from a NCA perspective that we grant credit appropriately and we're not seen as being reckless in our approach When we grant him credit, but that goes for every application, right? Not just you need to switch it Sure, and you know closely related to this we spoke on the podcast not too long ago about how costs or these different costs that come with buying a home a home and a property creep up on Perspective buyers and they were not aware that these things were going to happen, you know So are there specific ones that you guys have seen or that come with switching alone? Are there specific costs that when you are switching alone? they are Associated with it. Do you know you some people might not be aware of those and can you take us through some of those if they do exist? Yeah, absolutely So typically there's four major costs that you need to actually look at but just to contextualize it You are looking at moving your bond from one institution to another. So in that process You need to have an attorney that will be registered not Re-register but change the bond from one entity to the other in terms of the banks that you're dealing with But just to run through it in a little bit more detail We have early termination charges that are typically charged The bank from which you are moving your home loan to may charge up to three months interest charges That would be payable under the agreement Therefore, you need to provide a notice of about three months to your existing bank Informing them of the intent to cancel your home loan with them and await three months before canceling your home loan to avoid termination charges As I mentioned cancellation attorney fees as well because attorneys need to register the bond against yourself if you're a homeowner The deeds office so that comes and attracts bond cancellation costs that would be payable from your side This bond registration cost as well And again as the bank you are switching to would require that a new bond is registered under that bank in the deeds office When the home loan is switched to them It'll appoint a bond registration attorney and those costs will be payable by the cancellations attorney And then lastly we typically look at initiation fees So initiation fees are charged by banks when the new home home loan is initiated And these costs are payable by the consumer as a once-off payment that can also be added onto the loan amount Just to make things a little bit easier But I think the biggest outcome here is that there's no transferring costs, right? So given the fact that you already own the property you mitigate your typical transferring cost that you would pay At inception of a new bond. So typically there's bond registration costs as well as transfer costs But obviously in the form of a switch the property still remains in your name So we mitigate all those costs all together Thanks Cool. Portia, I'd like I like and you know as a property investor or home owner as I'm sitting at home now and watching this episode tonight I've got one question in my mind when and how do I apply? So can anyone please take us through that process? I'm like you were just saying now Take us through that process. How does it look? And how long does it possibly take you spoke a little bit about a three month 12 week period? Talk us through how it is and How it looks typically and how will I know that I'm doing it, right? And what are what are some of the things to look out for for me to know that I'm doing it wrong? Also, so I think maybe just to highlight the process starting from where I ended off In principle, there are two checks that are typically done Bond on the consumer to make sure that from a credit worthiness standpoint There are no challenges there in terms of bureau or judgments. The second part is on the property But to unpack it in a little bit more detail You'll complete an application with the bank in which you wish to switch Including the property valuation like I mentioned will go through a normal credit affordability assessments We will ask for some of the documentation that you may provide In most instances now we are able to do it digitally So we have golden sources where we're able to actually pick up a lot of the documents Typically your payslips are something that's critical to allow us to do that assessment Beyond that, you will then place a notice of cancel on your home loan with the existing bank The bank that you're switching to with a point of bond registration Attorney to register your bond with the deed's office and the bond registration cost will be payable by you to the attorney As you as they proceed to lodge and register the property From a bond cancellation perspective At the bank that you're switching from would appoint the cancellation attorney to cancel your bond with them in the deed's office And the cancellation cost will be payable by you as the consumer to the attorney When we look at it as well, you would need to ensure that you satisfy the conditions placed on your home loan by the bank You are switching to such as property insurance life cover as well as like I've mentioned setting up that debit order And we have a very extensive debit check process where we need to actually just confirm that debit order And we've actually advanced that to doing it a lot more virtually as well But once you place the notice to cancel on your account Your current bank also can make contact with you to determine the reason that you're switching And they may attempt to sort of deal with some of the reasons that you prescribe to them So for example, as we mentioned that price may be a bit of an issue So your bank may try to contact you to offer you a better price prior to you moving over to another bank purely from a retention perspective So from a process perspective, that's typically what it takes I think the biggest parts in terms of the time period that we mentioned is the deeds office component whereby The attorneys are really re-registering that bond through to the new institution But typically through the number of mediums that we have It's a very quick process to get that outcome from the bank Maybe biasly from a virtual standpoint With an online application through what we call the digital sales platform You can actually get a pre-approval as well as what we call an approval in principle as quickly as 15 minutes Just to get a sense in terms of how much you qualify for if you switch over to us But happy to unpack, you know, those mediums in terms of how you Can engage with us a little bit later. Thanks Thank you so much for that and as we wind up tonight's Conversation Portia. Do you have any last words to say to anyone who is looking to switch? Yes, please. There's two things I wanted to say You know the switching offer that I spoke about earlier I think if you can take advantage of that offer It's only up until the 31st of July The 50% discount and there's now 20,000 rent And I think level raised an important point Where you know, they were asking can I use the equity from my home loan to pay off other other loans, right? So if you have your unsecured lending products, they attract, you know, very high interest rates Perhaps you want to reduce the pressure You could actually use that equity to pay off the form loan there You know those those amounts because it will reduce the pressure And you will most likely not be put under pressure to pay off in five years You know, you can expand it for as long as you want And you know, typically from an up-cut perspective you've got what you call the multi-tent product So it basically means that if you access this, that 400,000 rents that I spoke about, let's say a 100,000 rents You don't have to pay off over 20 years You can actually structure it to pay it off in five years' time So it is a great way of actually reducing, you know, the pressure from an interest rate perspective Thanks. Thank you so much for having us this evening Thank you so much guys for joining us tonight Thank you so much for the information and we really really appreciate you enlightening Our family to know what they can do to ensure that they always maximize These product offerings that different financial institutions have to make Their property portfolios grow and to really just save those extra hundreds or three or four hundreds that you mentioned earlier Thank you so much for joining us and have a good night Thank you Cheers And we have reached the end of our conversation tonight. Thank you so much for watching And we really really appreciate you always sticking around when we are talking and having these conversations around how you can maximize Your property portfolio until the next time I see you right here on the private property podcast 7 p.m Every weekday. Have a beautiful night


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In the last couple of years, I've written two books on entrepreneurship. One is called The Capitalist and The Entrepreneur, published by the Mises Institute in 2010. And the other is called Organizing Entrepreneurial Judgment, co-authored with Professor Nikolai Foss of the Copenhagen Business School, published by Cambridge University Press in 2012. Both of these books deal with the theory and practice of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is really important and lots of people are talking about it today, but the Austrian school is really the only approach to economics that takes the entrepreneur seriously, that treats entrepreneurship not as an add-on that deals only with small business or patents or something like that, but really is fundamental to markets, to firms, to production. And so we talk about how Austrians in these books, how Austrians like Mises and Rothbard have treated the entrepreneur. We expand on their treatments and add more details and talk about the entrepreneur as what Mises called the driving force of the market economy. So I think you really can't understand what businesses do, how resources are allocated, what a market's all about without understanding who the entrepreneur is, what function the entrepreneur performs, and how entrepreneurship can be harmed by bad government intervention.