Thank you all for coming This is a spicy title, isn't it? At least the first one looks very exciting. I don't know how we feel about the second one But we'll find out if that's interesting too. So my name is Sebastian roll. I have a teeny tiny company that does Consulting gigs. I do hardware design. I Like to play around with micro Python and until recently I also was a senior consultant at a medium-to-large size consulting company in Norway so the agenda for today is to Explain what the principal agent theory problem is Look at it in the context of software consulting We're gonna have a look at some sneaky things that a consulting company might do And We're gonna have a look at mitigation strategies what we can do about it. So let's start at the beginning What is a consultant do? I'm sure you've seen one of those maybe at the office We like to wear shirts at least I wear a shirt at the interview and Maybe sometimes for the first day at work and then I relax a little bit and I start wearing my t-shirts again So consultants are called in to gain some Some external some objective advice That you can't get in-house recommendations a consultant might also be an expert at a field Where you're missing that competence in-house But a consultant can also be a person that helps you out temporarily at a project that you have and you need extra hands It can even be that's part of your project or even the entire project itself might be Handled by a consulting company. So these are the four main parts of being a consultant and It's booming It grows every year Technology and IT consulting can comprises 20% of the global consulting market Recruiting is very high especially in Norway for consulting companies and they pay well It's exciting to be a consultant because you can Get to see many different technologies you get to see how things are in many different companies and you learn fast some businesses they Like the idea of having a consultant because then you can just get someone in for a specific purpose And when they finish with their job they leave so you don't have to deal so much about retaining people laying people off when there's no need for them So it's easier to get rid of us but IT projects do not always fare well So there was a study in 2015 from a Norwegian University called success and failure in public IT projects and It had some damning statistics statistics. So what they did that was that they found five metrics That they used one is use value of the deliverable technical quality of the product Cost control in the project time management and lastly efficiency in the project execution and They found out that only 8% of these projects succeeded on all these success factors Around 50% Were unsatisfactory and at least one of these factors and also the largest projects seem to be overrepresented in the cases where there are failures To bring up one example we had was there was a project in Oslo our capital to To have a unified electronic ticketing system for our public transportation So if there are any Django developers here, they would maybe say this I think it'll take three weeks It took ten years and it cost around 67 million euros and it was a complete failure What the report also interestingly found was that they found no significant difference between private and public IT projects They all had very similar failure rates So what causes this what makes bad project? Why do we overspend and why do we underachieve? Why do we delay? Is it the client? Does the client not give good enough specifications? Is it the contractor? Do they do not deliver high quality? Usually it's a bit of both usually it's one usually it's the other you should sometimes it's external factors that You cannot foresee maybe a key person or some key personnel drops out of the project And you lose important experience But for the purpose of this presentation, we're gonna be focusing on the contractor the consulting company But to get closer to the nature of this problem Let's consider It's more simple example So your car breaks down or your car starts making a noise an annoying noise, and then there's a dashboard light that comes up One of those dangerous genie in a bottle lights and you're worried So what can you do? You can do one of two things you can either decide. I'm gonna learn about car repairs I'm gonna spend a couple of months Studying this and I'm gonna try to do it myself For me if I tried that it would still be my first attempt trying to fix a car So I would probably still fail So what I would do is I would take it to a repair shop and the repair guy he comes he looks Pleasant he has a look at the problem gives me a diagnosis It gives me a price But there are two important concepts that are at play here In this interaction and one is that The repair guy knows much more than I do about the domain So the repair guy knows a lot about repairing cars But I don't so I don't have any good way to figure out if he's actually telling you the truth or not Is he scamming me is he being reasonable? Is he a good repairman is he even a car repairman at all? The second factor is There's a potential difference in interest here So my interest is to get the car repaired as fast as possible if you can work overtime. That's cool If you can do it for free that would be great If not then the lowest possible price Whereas the repair a car repair person he wants to get as high price as he can that would still make Me happy to pay the price So there are slightly different incentives games here, so turns out that economists and People in political science they define this type of interaction as a principal agent problem a Principal agent problem occurs when you as a principal you want something done and you don't want to do it yourself You want an agent to do it Maybe the agent is much better at doing that than you are This is from Wikipedia Principal hires the agent the agent performs work for the principal There is asymmetric information there comes in from the top So one is that I can't really know if he's a good repair car repairman. I don't Know if what he's telling me is the truth, but I also don't really I can't really control him I can't really know if he's doing what he should be doing So that's asymmetric information There is also the concept we talked about different interests. You see the self-interest thing that goes there So These two concepts combined to form a potential risk for the agent Doing things that are contrary to the principal's interest So the agent might do things that the principal don't want him do not want him to do and the result We call Adverse election you might pick the wrong person for the job and Also moral hazard moral hazard is that thing where the agent is working contrary to your interest as a principal And this works on four fundamental assumptions one is that principal and agent are rational actors To the action of the agent affects the success outcome of the principal the principal cannot fully control the agent and There's a divergence of interest Play and that causes the potential of adverse election and moral hazard This concept is relevant to many different things It's it can be described an employer employee relationship can be described in this way Shareholder management, they might have different incentives shareholder wants to maximize profit Management maybe wants to keep his job and they have a more stable outlook for his for the company so Asymmetric information Many of you might already be looking at this and thinking is this high quality code Thank you, and you might be able to determine that but if you're not a coder You're not going to be able to determine that you have no way of knowing if this is high quality You can only ask Does it work maybe but is does it work? Is that a good enough? qualification for a good execution or for a good product Definitely, it's not The different interests you might want I wanted a house I wanted it to be built according to specification. I gave them dimensions and everything and this is what they gave me They minimized their own cost To to hand in a product that's according to specifications now What I'm gonna do in my research here I found a publication called principal agent theory and its application to analyze outsourcing of software development and We're talking about like how does this principal agent problem apply to software consulting? And it says I quote The problem is especially glaring for the software business due to missing metrics and measures for programmers productivity and software quality The missing concreteness of software makes it harder to control effort invested and results reached So I would say definitely that software consulting is Has the potential of asymmetric information for sure and there's also diverging interest So Let's play a game I know there are some hackers in the audience. Maybe some pen testers So we're gonna have fun and figure out which exploits can we find if we're a nefarious agent? How can we maximize our own gains? according to our interests So What we can do we can do the bait and switch so you get the top guy in your company Really good guy. He's has awesome CV. He's very good at writing proposals.  Maybe you're recognized and then when you get the contract You kind of change the terms all of a sudden this guy Awesome star guy. He's out of the project and replaced by 10 junior Developers who are form or are just recent graduates we slap some certification on these junior graduates so they have some at least something on their CV and The junior devs they make more mistakes too. So that means that there's more work to be done There's more bugs to be fixed and that's also good for when the product is delivered and you want maintenance so One thing to say about that is that resumes are personal or professional is personnel marketing Devices that people use and the potential for for puffery is is there The second one is called the land and expand So you do kind of a similar thing you get your top guy into the company only him and You have him do a great job at one or more projects and then you have him climb up the corporate hierarchy gain trust and When you do that you you try to get build some good will and then you are in a position to start influencing the decision-making processes So now every time it comes up. Oh, we we might need to build a new website because our website is two years old And there's a new thing that we need to a new technology Then this guy can say oh, we have actually the star team We have the perfect team and before you know it you will find that consulting company is everywhere with also junior devs But it's a great way to get in and to increase the number of consultants with your clients and Talent the guy who came in he get he might get some reward scheme Back home and also You have more political allies because you have more people from your consulting company Then there's a vendor lock-in So when you're already in a company with a client And you're nefarious then you want to make it as costly as possible to replace you so in Our circles we have a saying that says to leave your code as if the next person is a vengeful psychopath that has also knows your address But if you're nefarious you don't want to do that you want to create exclusivity you want There to me not so much documentation You want maybe to promote more novel Tools and technologies because that decreases the available pool that can replace you If you're really smart, then you're gonna want to sell some in-house software Into the client so that means that when You're the only one who can help out with that software No one else knows anything about this in-house tool and also it's probably it can be some old legacy software that you just sold So there's not a lot of maintenance on it. So when your client Has a problem because the software doesn't run anymore. They're gonna have to Talk to you and you you'll say we can fix that bug for a price So make it as costly as possible To replace you and then when you're there, then you can start to inflate the cost of your personnel Maybe you want to minimize effort so you can double staff have them work in a Different with a different client as well If there are any changes that wants that needs to be made on the project you make a variation order like a change order So everything that needs to be done extra. You're gonna have to get paid for that You can also if there's a problem you can always blame any issues on the client constantly changing the specifications all the time Since we're talking about nefarious actors here, why don't we go one step further? We absorb the business and domain knowledge of the company We're gonna want to recruit the top talent pay them a little bit better and If we're extra Divious will sell it back to them at a premium There's one funny phenomenon that I heard about that's I'd like to tell you about it's called the CV driven development So that's one a consultant comes in and he wants to learn the coolest new shiny Technology so he proposes that as a solution because then he gets to learn how to use how to use this new technology on your bill and You're left with maybe something beta stuff and Anyway, it was developed by someone who learned it the first time So it's not necessarily a good deal for you Okay, so how what can we do to? mitigate these risks That the agents are doing to us So if you remember what I mentioned The two things the a submit information asymmetry and the incentive difference. So you want to decrease the information gap you don't want to be a Project leader a technical leader that has no idea about the technological stack. I've seen that too many times that there's there's Technical management in house that kind of have outsourced too much to the consultants And that's not a good position to be in You want to insist on full access to source repositories? to any metrics You want to own the source source repositories preferably? The build system the task management system. It's good to have access to that stuff It's important to note that there's also difference between Information that you gather and also understanding that information so information itself will not get you anywhere unless you understand what it means You might want to introduce a technical review by a third party nonpartisan party that can come in and at least then there's no skin in the game for them to To cater to a bad solution So Just keep someone on your side that knows enough to judge whether this is a good way forward or a bad way forward That also puts accountability to your to a person that's your employer So you don't want accountability to be with the consulting company. You want to be part of the project? You can also try to align these incentives so that you get more of the same interests You want to maybe increase the number of interactions with a with a consulting company? So don't just give them the whole project at once maybe just give them a project like a small part of the project See how they do that gives them an incentive to achieve a good solution for you Split the project into parts. Yeah You can also do a performance based reward That's getting more popular now that the consulting company comes in and say we can just get a cut of whatever success that you have And we don't have to get paid if you don't succeed It's interesting, but it also might end up costing you a lot if you have a lot of success And also it might not always be easy to to find a way to measure objectively the monetary success Okay, minimize dependency Minimize that song cost that potential for some cost you want to make it easy to replace Avoid vendor lock-in at all costs. That's a very good tip insist on using standard tools code guidelines Proper documentation well-known technologies You might want to consider multiple contractors so more than one maybe two contractors This is this is especially useful if you are dealing with more novel technology innovative technology or like niche languages because then you always have one extra Supplier it also helps to enforce these code guidelines because then they will have to communicate with each other and share code One thing to remember is that us consultants. It's very easy for us to be yes, man can do people. Yes, we can do it One of the reasons for that is that if we are too critical we might be dropped off the project and It's much easier for us to just get by on Fixing things for you and doing what you tell us to do But if what you tell us if you as a client tells us consultants to do something that we consultants might not agree with Then it might be feel hard for us for some of us to Take that discussion because things can very quickly turn political If there's a consulting company, that's nefarious and we come in If I were to say well, this solution is not very good There's still a person in-house that got this consulting company in in the first place and he might want not want to feel attacked in that way Be aware of patchwork and band-aids for things instead of big rewrites That's something that might happen and In conclusion We went very quickly through a Principal agent problem and how that might apply to software consulting in the software consulting industry We've seen what asymmetric information is and different interests and How it can create a risk of what's called moral hazard, which is the agent working against your own interests We discussed some possible techniques that are available for a nefarious actor and how to mitigate them But I would like to leave you with Two important points three important points Remember that a consultant always works for two companies They work for you as the client and they also work for their employer and most of us are very good at keeping a balanced attitude towards these two loyalties, but it's always a thing to remember that we work for two companies The second one is has to do with accountability again, so if you imagine your project is the Titanic Then us consultants We are the first class first-class passengers That means we always We're the ones that get the lifeboats when the ship starts sinking because we can go to a different project at a different client and The solution itself that's not working will stay with you, so you might find yourself with a violin in your arms and Play as the ship goes down but most importantly We are decent people most of us are and This principal agents problem comes from economic theory. It comes from game theory It excludes sometimes It assumes that we're all acting in our best interests economic interest But it it is also the case that if you motivate people and if you don't micromanage them if you Keep them motivated. They will do a good job for you most likely. So that's always important to keep in mind I don't want you to find find that you now are very Too skeptical and are showing it too much. So just assume good intentions encourage mutual trust and Avoid micromanagement because your consultant might go the extra mile for you He might want to do it out of personal reasons and he will probably put in that extra effort that is required sometimes So in conclusion do not get tricked by the worst among us and nurture and support the best among us Thank you very much Thank you very much Sebastian for this talk. We have time for questions Sebastian thanks. Thanks for your talk. I like your car repair metaphor, okay, so how would you Project your mitigation structure as to strategies in the car repair scenario Which scenario did you say scenario that my car has a funky light in the dashboard? Oh, I need to go there Yeah, yeah, I'm the principal the mechanic is the actor So what kind of medic? How would you project your mitigation strategies and to that metaphor? Yeah So what I would do then is that I would try to decrease the information gap So part of that information asymmetry is that I don't know if he's a good repairman or if he's trustworthy So I could go to a review site and I would see does he had good reviews and that would help me to get information about other people's experience And I wish that there was something similar in terms of software consulting I think that would be very helpful for everyone involved But it's it's very difficult because then you would need some objective metrics and I don't think it would be that easy to set up I think most of the time more major corporations as clients. They would have their internal registry Where they log there and experiences More questions Yeah, thanks for the talk As a role as a consultant you told about this information asymmetry and the agent and the What was the P again? Principal principal And you also told us that there exists some technical leaders in companies that are a little bit Far away from the tech experts. They need to lead do you encounter this Principal and agent problem within companies and how do you deal with them when they are already existing and you Yeah, join that If I encounter this in existing companies, what does it exist? Yes, I would say yeah, I would say it does exist I've encountered situations where there's a very very bad situation and Somehow it needs to be dealt with so it might be a bad technical Solution that is only going to be viable for the minimum viable product and it's not going to work for any real-case scenario the problem if if the in-house leadership lacks the technical know-how Specific to that domain is that if another well-meaning consultant comes and says look at this This is not going to be going to work Well, we need to do it this way and that way instead is what I propose then The the management has a tough situation because he he can't really Do any value judgment whether or not That well-meaning person is correct So that makes it in turns it into almost like a trust issue. Who do I trust the most? And then sometimes the person who's been there for longer has gained more trust so I definitely find that to be a Difficult situation sometimes and specifically for companies that don't have software as their main revenue generating Area All right out of time. Thanks again Sebastian for this nice talk and if you have further questions come up to him Thank you


What is the significance of the isentropic efficiency in steam turbine? Is that your question? I suppose your question is, what is the significance of isentropic efficiency of a steam turbine? The isentropic efficiency is defined for an adiabatic open system, which either produces power or delivers power in open system of the type turbine or compressor or nozzle. If you have, we can define a term called isentropic efficiency. Such devices are usually one inlet, one outlet, steady state. Hence from the first law, from the second law for such a device on a TS diagram, the entropy of the inlet state and the entropy of the exit state under ideal conditions would be the same. The ideal condition for this means adiabatic and reversible and hence isentropic. However, even if they remain adiabatic, this is a requirement, they cannot be reversible and hence the entropy at the exit will have to be higher than that at the inlet. Actual process will be something like this. For example, this is true for a turbine, we will have Se greater than Se star, which should be equal to Si and because of this, your He will be greater than He star, the enthalpy. In case of a gas, even temperature at exit E will be higher than temperature at He star and we define the isentropic efficiency as the actual power output divided by the ideal power output, which is given by W dot star. So the isentropic efficiency represents the non-reversible behavior of a turbine or a compressor or a nozzle. If the turbine or compressor or nozzle is adiabatic and reversible, that means isentropic, there will be no irreversible behavior shown and the isentropic efficiency would be exactly 100 percent or one over to you. Sir, hello. Yes, go ahead. Sir, just one question is, the state of water in atmospheric air is superheated condition, sir. How is it possible, sir? Please explain, sir. I think this was explained just now by Professor Bhandarkar that if you look at the typical condition, which is not 100 percent relative humidity, but something less than the saturation condition from the point of view of air, you will notice that if you look up the temperature of air, which would be the temperature of water vapor and if you look at only the water vapor part in air, so look at the partial pressure of water vapor, you will find that it is in the superheated state, except in the limiting case, where the vapor pressure and the concentration of water vapor is so large that we have 100 percent relative humidity, in which case in the limiting case it will be dry saturated vapor. Any increase in humidity will not increase the vapor content, it will only increase the liquid content. That means, any addition of vapor will tend to condense that moisture in the vapor, over. Sir, why internal combustion engine use higher temperature as compared to external combustion engine, sir? Can you tell me the answer? Okay. The reason for this is from the engineering and materials point of view, when we burn fuel, the fuel releases heat and can reach a certain temperature. You would have learnt about this release of heat as calorific related to calorific value and the temperature related to the flame temperature of that fluid. Now, when this is internal combustion, the energy is released within the fluid itself, you do not have to transfer it. So, if you can take the fluid almost near to its flame temperature, because you do not have to transfer it, there is no resistance to the heat transfer from the combustion products to the fluid, because the combustion is taking place in the fluid itself. Whereas, if you burn the fuel external to the working fluid, then the temperature reached will be in the outside the working fluid. You will have to transfer the heat across the wall which separates the working fluid from the combustion chamber and this heat transfer requires a certain amount of temperature difference. So, by that amount, depending on the area provided and type of intervening boundary, thickness of metal and its conductivity, the temperature of the working fluid reached will be that much lower. Over to you. Hello. Yes, go ahead. I have a doubt, which will be more efficiency, whether reheat cycle or regenerative cycle zone? Please repeat your question. What has more efficiency? Reheat cycle or regenerative cycle zone. So, the answer to your question, your question asks comparison between the efficiency when you do reheat, compared to the efficiency when you do reheat. I suppose this pertains to Rankine cycle or it may even pertain to Brayton cycle, but in any case, the change in efficiency because regeneration and because of reheat depends on the parameter. That means at what intermediate pressure you do the amount, you start the reheating and up to what temperature you take the reheating. Same thing depends on the regeneration. So, I cannot say that one is always better than the other. Over to you. Thank you, sir. Over and out. 1, 2, 4, 9, Sri Ramakrishna Institute, Coimbatore. Sir, I have a doubt related to entropy. Yes. The internal energy stepens upon the temperature only. That is true only for an ideal gas, only for an ideal gas the internal energy depends only on temperature. That is Joule's law. Sir, what about entropy, for which condition increases or decreases? See entropy in general, even for an ideal gas is a function of temperature and pressure. And the entropy, if you have either a constant volume process or a constant pressure process, the entropy increases with temperature. And if the temperature is maintained constant, the entropy increases as you go to lower pressures and entropy increases as you go to higher volumes. Over to you. Sir, in Prasila thermodynamics we are using one word, arbitrary. What is the meaning for arbitrary? Arbitrary means anything which you select. Where did I use that word? Because the word arbitrary is used in many places in my lectures. So, can you refer me to the context? For integration, we are using cyclic integration. The arbitrary constant. Okay, okay, okay. The arbitrary constant means a constant of your choice. Nothing special about it. I think I made a statement that the energy of a system or internal energy of a system, the absolute value of that number of that internal energy is of no use to us. Because it is defined as a difference and we will always be using it as a difference in any exercise, any problem in any situation. Thank you. No problem. That is the difference. 1116, HG, SI, TS, Indore. Over to you. So, I know I have asked this before and some of this has been covered earlier also. But again, quickly the entire thermodynamics is rooted in the ideas of energy, space, time, matter and this very enigmatic term called entropy. And very little has been done to cover this idea in detail any further than that. Exactly, the fundamental idea of entropy is related with say improving the performance of any of these work producing devices that we in mechanical engineering come across. That's been the question for me earlier also. Okay, I don't know to what extent and in what branch of mechanical engineering your endeavour is this, your endeavours exist. But for thermal engineers like us who work with nozzles, turbines, compressors and their components, entropy is a very important property because we use it day in and day out for analysing the performance of a nozzle, performance of other components of turbines. You can't solve a single problem in the detailed analysis of a turbine without using entropy because that's the anchoring property out there for all, not only the overall process but even individual processes. So, as you work and start applying it, entropy doesn't remain such an abstract concept anymore. Over to you. Sorry to interrupt but it's not been, so is there one common definition say amongst all say physicists, chemists or chemical engineers as well as mechanical engineers the way it's understood and defined fundamentally. Because if it's not or at least that's not something that has been covered so far here and unless we are absolutely clear about that idea relating any further with improving the performance of these work producing devices that we are coming across is really not relatable. They are really not making a very definite link between the two. See you are entitled to your opinion but the fact remains that the common definition of entropy among engineers, physicists and chemists it's simply ds is dq by t for a reversible process. Nobody will take objection to that definition of entropy. So, if you still say that it is ill defined or not defined, you are welcome to your opinion. I can't say anything more. Over to you. Some of us may be interested in working on one of this ideas energy or matter dispersal leading to the idea of entropy again within the realm of chemical engineering or chemical thermodynamics. Would this be of any interest to you or any of the faculties with you if you want to consult any further on this? You will have to talk to members in IIT Bombay who work in the chemistry department or chemical engineering department. In mechanical engineering we are working in plant of the power producers and refrigeration kind where except for the combustion process which is a specialized chemical reaction. We don't really have any reactions going on. Over to you. Thank you. Second question would be what would be a good definition of a spontaneous process and a good example to support that? Well, spontaneous process is one which can take place without any trigger being applied. For example, mass left at a height without any support comes down. That's a spontaneous process. You can give any many illustrations of a natural process like that. You don't have to hunt out for example. Water at a height. Water fall. Water at a height. It's a spontaneous process. Without any external agency, you have a system containing hot water just left by itself unless you insulate it and prevent the heat transfer. You just leave it spontaneously. It starts cooling, starts transferring heat to the surroundings which are at a lower temperature. Finally again, we have enjoyed your course very thoroughly all along. This presentation has been excellent. Thank you. My final question would be again, all these entities or quantities for example, matter, time, space, do you feel or do you think can be reduced to one common source? For example, the current cosmological model of big bang for instance? Well, I am not that deep into physics so I can't really answer your question. Over to you. All right. Again, thank you for all your time and all your explanations. Over and out. There are only a few minutes to 5.30. Let me try one more thing. 1118 3 Jaya Chama Rajendra College Mysore. Over to you. Hello. Hello. Hello. Good evening sir. Good evening. Hello. Sir, my question is when, in a throttling calorimeter, when wet steam is passed through the throttle, how it is going to convert to superheated steam, sir? It doesn't always convert to superheated steam. If you, I think that was one of the questions in the exercises. If you look up the Mollier diagram, H s, the x equal to 1, the saturated vapor line goes something like this. And critical point is somewhere here. And these are the lines of constant dryness fractions. So, if you have in the wetness somewhere here, after, if it ends up in the superheated zone, these are various pressure lines. This is T at this, this is T inlet and this is the inlet state I. This is the process. I am showing it by continuous line, but actually it should be a dotted line because the throttling relation, the throttling process, when first law is applied to it, we get just H i equals H e. And we know that as pressure reduces, the entropy at constant enthalpy goes on increasing. So, if the inlet dryness fraction is not very low, you will end up with, which is usually P ambient at exit, you will end up with superheated steam. But if you are inlet, say I prime, at a much lower dryness fraction, even after the throttling, you will end up with P prime, which is still in the wet zone. In this particular case, you cannot determine the dryness fraction using purely a throttling calorimeter. You will have to use, throttling comes separating calorimeter or you will have to use a heated, heating throttling calorimeter over to you. Thank you, sir. One more question, sir. Sir, in throttling process, when the steam is passed through the throttling, the steam is get into a superheated steam. But in the refrigeration system, when passing through the throttling, we get into the liquid. What is the difference between here throttling in that refrigeration system in throttling, sir? Please clarify that one, sir. The basic idea is simply this. The basic difference is this. In throttling calorimeter, usually we have vapor, which dryness fraction near one. Whereas in refrigeration system, the throttling process begins with saturated liquid, a very low enthalpy liquid. So, when you throttle it, well, at lower pressure, the dryness fraction is higher. So, it is higher than zero, but it is nowhere near one. So, that is why it ends up being a liquid vapor mixture with a low dryness fraction over to you. Actually, I confused over the shock waves. Actually, the question is, what are the benefits of shock waves? Okay, this is a question pertaining to Professor Puranik, who has gone away for a meeting at our R and D office. So, he will be back here at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. We will note down the center 1118. And please raise your hand at 9.10 or 9.15 tomorrow morning. And we will pass this question on to him. Over to you. Sir, one more question. Sir, what is the difference between detonation and knocking in engine? Detonation and knocking in an IC engine. I passed it on to Professor Bhandarkar and he says this is much more detailed in combustion and combustion aerodynamics. He does not want to answer that just now. We will discuss this later. Ask it on Moodle. We will do our homework and get back to you. Usually, we use nitrous oxide in an engine. So, how does the performance increase by using nitrous oxide? In fact, this is the first time I am hearing that we are using nitrous oxide in an engine. In fact, nitrogen oxides are the products of high temperature combustion in presence of nitrogen. So, we will not be using it. Engine will be producing it and it is a very significantly bad pollutant. So, we go to extra lengths to operate our engine. We design the combustion chambers so that they are not produced. So, we do not use them in an engine. Over to you. Sir, usually in supercars, like race cars and race bikes, we use it. Well, I do not know for what purpose they are used. We will have to check that out. But in our normal engines, we do not use it. Over to you. One more question. Sir, usually we use nitrogen gas filled in like tires of vehicles right now, like recently. So, why do we do it? Any specific use? I have been thinking about it. There does not seem to be any thermodynamic reason. There are some reasons, some possible reasons are perhaps the permeability of nitrogen through the rubber or tube or the tire may be lower than that of oxygen. So, perhaps the deflation rate is much lower. But remember that air, which we generally fill our tires with, is 80 percent nitrogen. So, replacing that 20 percent oxygen, 20, 21 percent oxygen by an equivalent nitrogen, I do not think makes any significant difference. Over to you. I know many people who have gone over to nitrogen tires and then have come back to normal air inflation. I did not find any difference except that I have to pay more money to fill up the nitrogen. Over to you. Thank you, sir. Over and out, sir. That brings us to the end of the day.


How can I tell if a money-making course is a scam? Okay, you're probably wondering about this. How do you tell if a course is any good on how to make money online? In this video, well, I almost didn't wanna make this video because there's so many scammers out there that probably barrage me with comments below, but I think you need to know. If you're thinking about buying an online course, don't do it until you've watched this video to the very end. I'll show you how you could get scammed and how you can prevent yourself from getting scammed. Let's get going. So I didn't sell online since 2009. Been doing it a long time, so millions of dollars about digital and physical products. And what I've noticed is more and more scammers online. Now, when I first got to where I was selling online, I decided I wanted training. I decided I didn't wanna try to figure it all out. I wanted to learn from other people. And I started looking. I started looking for courses on how to do stuff online. Now, to this day, I have authored a lot of courses. And I authored them because I did certain things that did make me money and I wanna share those ideas with other people. But back then, let's go back to 2009 when I started online, there wasn't much out there. The majority of the people out there that were selling courses on how to make money online didn't make money online. And let me explain that. What I mean by that is the only way they made money was selling courses on how to make money. So they had never sold a product or a service or anything along those lines. They were just selling courses on how to make money online. My feeling was that if they hadn't already sold products online, they're not gonna teach me how to sell products online and be successful because they haven't done it. So the first step you wanna look at is when you're looking at some of these courses out here, you need to look into the background of the people. Now, my main company is Survival K Food. Had that for about 10 years. We sell that food every single day. It's survival food. But I have other businesses now. I have courses. We've ran Facebook ads. We're successful. I have a course on Facebook ads. I've done drop shipping. I have a course on drop shipping. But I've already done these things. And what I do in the course is I actually show you guys how to do it. But what you need to do is avoid the scam. So let's jump into those right now. Now, a few years ago, I had to have some surgery done. And I thought it was pretty important because they were actually operating on my heart. And I went out and I did research. And I did a lot of research because I wanted the best guy to do that, okay? I wanted a guy to do that that knew what he was doing. Unfortunately, I see people online every day and they say, well, it's only 27 bucks. I'll give the guy $27 and see if it's any good. Don't do that. Don't do that. Check a person out, okay? Go to their courses. Try to find people who've taken courses. Ask them for testimonials. Ask them for people they can call and talk to. And if they can't provide any of that, that's gotta be a red flag, guys. Don't justify it that it's only $27 or only $47. Check them out. That's the first thing I don't see people do. Now, here's some of the scam alert things I'm gonna give you, okay? The first one here is they'll tell you you don't need to do any research. Now, what I mean by that is these courses will promise you, well, you don't have to do any research to create an online course that they have a template. You can just fill out the template and you won't have to do much work at all, okay? That should be a red flag right there. If they tell you you don't have a lot of work to do, that they have the template, they've figured it all out and they're just gonna give you the path to doing it. It's a lie. You're still gonna have to work.   It is not easy. We just give you the template to do it, okay? But you still gotta do work. So if they're telling you they've got a template where you don't have to do anything, that's a red flag. Number two, they're not qualified instructors, okay? They're not qualified to do what they're doing. How long have they been doing it? How many courses do they have? Do they have just one course that they've been pumping out for years and years and years? It's the same course they've had for years. They've never improved that course. They've never done anything with that course. They've never learned anymore. You know, in digital marketing and selling online, guys, if you're not learning like every single day something new, you're behind. You are behind because every day I come across stuff and I'm like, wow, I didn't know I could do that or geez, that looks good or this here could speed up the process. And I'm there every day doing this because that's what I do. I actually sell stuff online. Number three, they have no history in teaching anybody anything, okay? If they don't have any history in teaching anybody anything, this is the first time they've ever done something like this. My background was I did sales training for years.  So I had that training background. So when I learned what to do online and how sell products online, I kind of just moved over that information on how to train people from there. I was able to train people in sales and they got better sales. So I can train people on making money online and they can make more money online because I've already done that. So make sure they have a background, some historical background. The next red flag, number four, they are charging you for access to a Facebook group, okay? First off, let me get this clear. If you've been charged to be in a Facebook group, what they're doing is not legal according to Facebook. Now, Facebook sets their own standards but the one thing they tell you is Facebook groups are free to create that you cannot charge anybody to be a member. So if somebody is charging you to be a member of a Facebook group, red flag, scam, get away. Number five, they put high pressure on you to buy right now. They say you gotta buy right now today. This is your only chance. This is gonna go away. You'll never be able to buy it again. Now, my courses, we do have periods where they'll go on sale, we'll have a discount for a certain period of time but the course doesn't go away. It doesn't disappear. You can buy it the next day. Maybe it costs more money but we always have those courses available. So if they're saying, hey, this is gonna go away. You'll never have this opportunity again.   Okay, if you don't use their materials, they've got the one way to do it. Every other way is wrong, that's a lie. That's a lie. There's a lot of ways to make money online. There's a lot of methods to making money online. I have my methods and they work. They work good but you know what? There's other people out there that have methods and they're really good and they work too.  It's a scam. Number seven, they tell you that you couldn't possibly do it without their training materials or without them. That's not true, okay? Whatever they know, no matter how great it is, they learned it, okay? Whatever you know, probably you know a lot more now than you did five years ago, you learned it from somewhere. So there's not just one way to do this and you don't have to have that person's information. You don't have to have my courses. I have some great courses. They're down below, you're welcome to look at them. But you don't have to have mine. There's other ways of doing it. I think mine are good. They're based on our results and what we did but they're not the only way to do it. And if anybody's telling you that you have to have their methods to do it, it's a scam runaway. Number eight, this is a huge one. This is huge, huge. Did I say huge? I did say huge. And it's huge because if they tell you that you can't see the course before you buy it, runaway, it's a scam. Now all of my courses, I show you what the modules are. I tell you what's in each module. I tell you how long each video is. I tell you what it's gonna cover in there because that way you can look at it and say, do I want this? Do I already know this? Is this something I wanna learn? If they can't show you the course prior to you buying the course, and I don't mean them just giving you the course and you can go through the whole course. What I mean is seeing how it's broken down into the different parts and pieces and what you're gonna learn, it's a scam you need to run away. It's easy. It's easy. That's what some people will tell you, it's easy. This is the biggest scam I've ever seen is telling people it's easy and why? Because it's easy to sell you something if I tell you it's easy to do, okay?  You don't have to put in any work or maybe an hour or a week or an hour or a month and you can sit on the beach and break in millions of dollars. That's a lot easier to sell somebody. But it's not true, okay? It's not true. So what you have to understand is if people are telling you this stuff is easy to do, they are lying to you.  I knew what it did for me. My first try was selling cell phone cases on eBay and there were millions of cell phone cases being sold and I sold some too but I never made me money, okay? I never made money. I lost money on my cell phone cases and that was okay because I did learn how to sell stuff online. I did learn how to list something on eBay. I learned how to get money in. I learned how to set up a PayPal account. I learned from that particular start and then I went into some survival products, some camping products. I moved into selling somebody's survival food. That company went out of business. I came up with my own survival food and now I've had that for over 10 years. I now have courses on Facebook. I have courses on Shopify. I have courses on drop shipping. I got all kinds of different courses, email systems. I have all these courses now because they're all based on what I already did, okay?  The only thing he ever does is get you to sell his affiliate marketing courses. That's his whole scam, right? He does affiliate marketing and he wants you to sell his affiliate marketing course on how to sell his affiliate marketing course, okay? That's what he does, okay? And that is not gonna help you, okay? So if somebody's making it sound easy, they don't have these credentials, you need to run away, it's a scam. Also check them out. Do they have any social media? I have a website, okay? I have some Facebook groups. I have a Facebook page. I'm not fond of Facebook. I'm gonna tell you that right now. I have, for a lot of different reasons, political and everything else. I have a YouTube channel. You're watching me on a YouTube channel right now. And I put out content on the YouTube channel. The reason I put out content, the reason it's free is because you see what's on here. You see what you get for free. And a lot of people go, well, gee, if I get that value for free, then his other stuff must be really good, which it is, and they tend to buy my courses, okay? So what I'm telling you is check it out. If you lost money on a course online nowadays, no offense, it's your fault. Because you didn't check them out. You didn't see who they were. You didn't dig deep enough, okay? Look them up in the Better Business Bureau. Put in the word scam in their name, you know, in Google search and see what they've done. It's pretty easy to find information on people nowadays. There's gonna be videos about people. There's gonna be testimonials, right? Are those testimonials real? Check that stuff out. Find out about the person selling the course. Now the bottom line, the good news is, you can't make money online. I've been doing it for over 10 years now. It made millions of dollars with both digital and physical products. But the bad news is there's scammers out there. How do you separate those two? You just do your research. That's all you do, do your research. Go down that list of things I gave you. If any of those red flags are there, run away from the person, look for the next one. If you're interested in my courses, I have some down below that you can purchase. I also have a free one, a $97 one. You can check that out. It's down below. It's this $97 free course. You click and learn. No credit card required. Also, if you haven't subscribed, please do so. There's a big button down there, a red button, click that button. It turns gray. This bell pops open. And you want to turn on all bell notifications so that I can notify you every single time I do a new video. I really appreciate you watching this video. Put your comments below. If you've been scammed, put it below. Let's hear about it, okay? If you know some stuff about learning stuff online, put it below. And if you just have some questions about making money online, feel free to put those comments below. Thank you so much for watching this video and I'll see you in the next one. And click that little bell right there so you can be notified every time I do a new video. Also, click on one of those videos there. Keep watching on my channel.


Russian mercenary chief Yevgeny Prigazin posted his first video address since leading a short-lived mutiny in late June, appearing in a clip possibly shot in Africa on telegram channels affiliated with the Wagner Group on August 21. Prigazin is seen standing in a desert area in camouflage and with a rifle in his hands. In the distance, there are more armed men and a pickup truck. The temperature is plus 50, everything as we like. The Wagner PMC makes Russia even greater on all continents and Africa more free. Justice and happiness for the African people were making life a nightmare for ISIS and Al Qaeda and other bandits, Prigazin says in a video. He then says Wagner is recruiting people and the group will fulfill the tasks that were set. The video is accompanied by a telephone number for those who want to join the group. The future of Wagner and Prigazin has been unclear since he led a short mutiny against the Russian defense establishment in late June and the Kremlin said he and some of his fighters who have fought in some of the fiercest battles of the Ukraine war would leave for Belarus.


It does not matter how good your skills are, if you want to be a stand-up player you need to be physically fit. In this video I'll show you a handful of soccer conditioning drills you can use to take your fitness to the next level. I'm doing to be a progressive soccer and if you're new to this channel and you want to improve faster and achieve more, hit that subscribe button right now and hit that bell notification so you never miss a video. If you're already a subscriber please remember to press that like button and share this video on social media. You can have all the skills in the world but if you aren't physically fit you're not going to be able to make the impact on the game that you would like. You won't be able to get on the ball as often as you would like, you won't be in the right spot at the right time. When you do get the ball at your feet your legs will feel heavy because you're out of shape. Being fit makes the game easier and I'm sure you can relate to this. Being unfit it makes the game very difficult and unenjoyable. When you prioritize your fitness you get yourself into great shape, you're going to have more fun and you're going to be more effective on the field. You can use this video as a resource for ideas on how to improve the different areas of your fitness. This first drill is tempo runs. You're going to work from 18 yard box to 18 yard box. I'm just going to take off and go about 60% on my top speed really focus on opening up your stride, focus on good running technique, calm breathing. When you get to the other 18 yard box you're just going to slow down, walk to the end, walk back to the top and repeat. This next stamina drill is called short and long. You're going to work hard on the long lengths of the field from corner flag to corner flag. When you get to the end you're going to jog slowly and recover. So you're going to work hard let's say about 60% when you get to the end you're going to focus on your breathing, your recovery, slow jog. As soon as you get to the other corner flag you're going to take off put in that work and repeat all the way around the field. I call this drill four corners. I would usually use it as a finisher to a workout. You're going to start on one corner flag running a figure eight to all four corner flags and finishing where you started. You're going about 60-70% the whole way no resting in between just focusing on good technique. It's so important when you get tired. Focus on your breathing but focus on your running technique. You'll find when you get tired you get sloppy with your arm pump your knee drives your foot placement so as you get tired focus on that good technique. If you ever freeze feel flat footed or heavy-legged when you have the ball at your feet these agility drills will help you feel lighter on your feet and sharper. When you're practicing agility drills like these it's really important that you push yourself. If you make mistakes trip over the ladder the ball or your own feet that's not a problem that's probably a good thing. It means you're pushing your comfort zone and that's the only way that you're going to get faster and sharper. So when you're challenging yourself and you make mistakes stay positive shake it off and go again realize that it's just part of the development process. First COD drill is just a basic cut. It seems like it's nothing but really it's everything. Learning to do the basics very well is going to help you be more explosive on the field. So this seems like nothing but take it seriously. Your ability to quickly change direction sharply get away from an opponent will make you more effective on the field. An ever-changing direction focus on your body positioning so you want to jump into that turn get low to the ground push off with power and really focus on those first two three steps carrying yourself away in the opposite direction. Watching myself doing these drills I really want to focus on getting lower to the ground and pushing off with more explosive force. Here are some jumping plyometric drills to help you improve your vertical so you can win more headers and be more dominant in the air. However these drills are also going to help you become more explosive so you can sprint faster and have better overall movement on the field. This first speed drill will help you with your basic understanding of body positioning when you are sprinting and especially accelerating. You want to think about leaning forward almost falling forward.  When you run like this you'll be able to generate more power as opposed to standing up straight. Hill sprints are a great way to add some resistance and help you with an explosive acceleration. Finally you want to think about practicing basic sprinting. You can do 20 yards 50 yards and even move into 100 or full field sprints. You need to look at sprinting as a skill something you practice. Most people just think you're fast or you're not. Well really sprinting comes down to technique. Yes some of us are blessed with more pace than others but if you improve your technique you can improve your speed. If you're wondering how many repetitions to do how many sets how much rest between each drill don't worry about that just yet just make sure you're subscribed to my channel because later in this week I'm going to release a video that will explain exactly how to plan your individual training routine and it doesn't matter if you watch these videos if you don't do anything with them so if you take nothing else from this video I want you to change your mindset towards fitness. Fitness is something that you want to do. Yes I said you want to do it and that may seem crazy but if you want to win you should want to prepare you should want to get yourself in the best physical condition that you can because when you do you'll be so much more effective on the field the game will become easier to you so want to do the fitness look forward to those sprints they're making you better every time you do the stamina and agility drills you want to do fitness. Number two view your movement as skills that can be improved with practice so just as you would look at your shooting as a skill that you can learn about you can understand you can practice more to improve you need to focus on your running your sprinting your change of direction your sharpness and quickness of your feet these are all skills that will get better if you practice them more so if you are unhappy with your running technique if you are unhappy with your speed or your ability to change direction quickly you can do something about it and you need to do something about it because now you know it's just like any other skill with practice with understanding it can become better so instead of feeling sorry for yourself it's time to do something about it and number three be consistent it takes time to see noticeable results everyone wants to get faster after one sprint you want to improve your stamina after one fitness session it takes time but you can improve your results faster if you do things more frequently so instead of destroying yourself with a two hour fitness session once a week maybe do 10 minutes of fitness every single day your consistency is going to produce the results and the changes that you want to see in your game if you found this video valuable press that like button right now and share this video on social media to improve your game even more go to my website progressive soccer training calm and complete the 30 minute crash course it's guaranteed to make you play better in your next match make a promise to me but more importantly make a promise to yourself from now on every game that you show up to you're going to be in better physical condition than the game before


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says, the following table gives the daily income of 50 workers of a factory. In this table, we are given the daily income and the number of workers for each class interval of the daily income. We have to find the mean, mode and median of the above data. Before we move on to the solution, let's recall the formulae to find the mean, mode and median for a given data.  Where we have this a is the assumed mean, h is the class size where f i is the frequency belonging to x i where x i is the class mark. Then we have u i is equal to x i minus a upon h where again x i is the class mark. Next we have the formula to find out the mode for a given data.  Where we have l is the lower limit of the modal class then h is the class size. f 1 is the frequency of the modal class is the frequency of the class preceding the modal class then is the frequency of the class exceeding the modal class. Then next we have the formula to find out the median this is equal to l plus n upon 2 minus cf this whole upon f and this whole multiplied by h. Where we have l is the lower limit as the median plus number of observations cf is the cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class then f is the frequency of the median class which is the class size. Moving on to the solution now so we have this table in which we have the daily income that is the given class intervals number of workers that is the corresponding frequencies for the given class intervals f i x i which is the class mark then u i given by the formula x i minus a upon h f i u i and cf that is the cumulative frequency. Now x i that is the class mark is given by upper limit plus lower limit upon 2 so for the first class interval it would be 110 then for the next class interval it is 130 for the next class interval it is 150 for the next class interval it is 170 and for the next class interval it is 190. Now first of all we will find the assumed mean a we take the assumed mean a to be that x i which lies in the center of all x i's so from all x i's you can see that 150 lies in the center of the given x i's so we have taken a that is the assumed mean as 150. The class size h is equal to 20. Let us now find out u i for each class interval it is given by x i minus assumed mean a upon the class size h so for the first class interval it is 110 minus 150 upon 20 so it would be minus 2. For the next class interval it would be minus 1 for the next class interval it would be 0 for the interval 160 to 180 u i is equal to 1 for the interval 180 to 200 u i is 2. Now f i into u i that is f i multiplied by u i now 12 multiplied by minus 2 is minus 24 14 multiplied by minus 1 is minus 14 8 multiplied by 0 is 0 6 multiplied by 1 is 6 10 multiplied by 2 is 20. Now let's find out the cumulative frequencies for each class interval for the first class interval that is 100 to 120 cumulative frequency is given by 12. For the next class interval for the next class interval 120 to 140 it is given by 14 plus 12 that is 26 for the next class interval it is 8 plus 26 which is 34. Now for the next class interval it is 6 plus 34 that is 40 for the next class interval is 10 plus 40 that is 50. Now the total frequency that is submission f i is equal to 12 plus 14 plus 8 plus 6 plus 10 that comes out to be equal to 50 then submission f i u i is equal to minus 24 minus 14 plus 0 plus 6 plus 20 which comes out to be equal to minus 12. So we have submission f i u i is equal to minus 12. Now let's find out the mean first mean is given by x bar is equal to using this formula we will substitute the respective values and find out the mean. So we have mean x bar is equal to that is 150 plus submission f i u i which is minus 12 upon submission f i that is 50 and this whole multiplied by h which is the class size and that is 20. Now this 0 cancels with this 0 and we get this is equal to 150 minus 24 upon 5 which is equal to 750 minus 24 upon 5 that is we get this is equal to 726 upon 5 which comes out to be equal to 145.2. So we have the mean x bar is equal to 145.2. Next we will find out mode now before we find out mode we should know the modal class modal class is the class with the maximum frequency. Now from this table we find that the maximum frequency is 14 and so modal class is 120 to 140 is equal to putting the respective values in this formula we get mode is equal to L which is the lower limit of the modal class. And in this case it would be 120 so 120 plus f 1 which is the frequency of the modal class and that is 14 so here we have 14 minus f 0 which is the frequency of the class preceding the modal class. Now class preceding the modal class is 100 to 120 and its frequency is 12 so here we have 12 upon 2f 1 that is 2 into 14 minus f 0 which is the frequency of the class preceding the modal class and that is 12 minus f 2 which is the frequency of the class exceeding the modal class. And in this case the class exceeding the modal class is 140 to 160 and its frequency is 8 so here we have 8 and this whole multiplied by h which is the class size and that is 20. So this is equal to 120 plus 2 upon 28 minus 20 whole multiplied by 20 further equal to 120 plus 2 upon 8 multiplied by 20. Now 2 4 times is 8 and 4 5 times is 20 so this is equal to 120 plus 5 which is equal to 125 so we get mode is equal to 125. Next we will find the median now we have n is equal to 50 and n upon 2 would be equal to 50 upon 2 that is 25. First we will find the median class. Median class is the class whose cumulative frequency is greater than and nearest to and upon 2 and in this case median class would be the class whose cumulative frequency is greater than or nearest to 25. So look at this table now the cumulative frequency greater than 25 or nearest to 25 is 26 the class interval once 20 to 140 is the median class that is the class interval 120 to 140 is the median class. Now we will find out the median we will substitute the respective values in this formula to find out the median. So median is equal to l that is the lower limit of the median class and in this case it would be 120 plus n upon 2 which is 25 minus cf that is the cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class. Now class preceding the median class is 100 to 120 its cumulative frequency is 12 so cf would be 12. So here we have 12 which is the frequency of the median class and that is 14 so here we have 14 and this whole multiplied by h that is the class size which is 20. So further we get this is equal to 120 plus 13 upon 14 into 20 now 2 7 times is 14 and 2 10 times is 20 and this is equal to 120 plus 130 upon 7. So further we get 840 plus 130 upon 7 that is we have 970 upon 7 which is equal to 138.57 so this is the median thus we have got the value for median also so we have got the values for mean, we have got the mode and median for the given data this completes the session hope you have understood the solution of this question.


All right, so my name is Kay Nielsen and I'm going to read a poem. Mosquitoes crash against another dull street lamp. Garnazada's brilliant sizzle lingers over mommy's cheese man. As small men sit on their pickup trucks, lighting smoke bombs and rockets in praise of la Virgen Maria. In the Iglesia parking lot, Jesús Jose and Mariana eating chiles on the steps, ignoring abuela's urgent calls that father Carlos is watching them, laughing themselves into a second America. Thank you. Any people from Florida or have lived in Florida or know that Florida is the armpit of the United States of America? This poem is called Florida Man. These are all real headlines, by the way.  Florida Man appears to vape his friend's ejaculate. Florida Man's church loses tax-exempt status because it turns out it's actually just a nightclub. Florida Man impersonating police officer pulls over actual police officers. Florida Man bitten by a snake that his friends say he enjoyed kissing. Identical twin Florida Man arrested after getting into a brick fight. 82-year-old Florida Man slashes 88-year-old Florida Woman's tires with an ice pick for taking his seat at Bingo. Florida Man attempts to trade a live baby alligator for a six-pack of Coors at a gas station. Florida Man isn't always so funny, though.  Florida Woman calls me a dyke until I scream at her to leave me alone. I'm taken to the office and told I will be suspended if I have another outburst. Florida Man tells his daughter I am a bad influence and bans our friendship. So does another and another and another. When I am Florida's he-she, I am stared down and laughed at everywhere I go. When I'm 15, my mother tells me she will never go to my wedding. When my sadness splashes on the dashboard, she says I am lucky. If I think this is bad, I should really reconsider my lifestyle. Later, at Barnes & Noble, I watch a grown man imagine my blood scraped across the pavement. He's looking at me and suddenly I realize exactly why my mother thought her cruelty was the best thing that could ever happen to me here. Later, at Barnes & Noble, sorry, five years later I return from college and I can blend into the swamp. I can walk into any bookstore without seeing my obituary flash across another man's knuckles.  It happens in slow motion. I watch another self-lock eyes with a monster inside a father's body. He stares them down and buries both of us.  New headline, Florida man chokes, spits up a mausoleum. I am still inside. This next poem is the reason why if you like boys, you should only date queer boys. Okay, so I'm a poetry slam person. As you can see by my T-shirt, so this is kind of interesting for me to be behind it. Can I just not be behind the podium? Is that cool? Thank you. I think I have this poem memorized. This poem is called Dear Straight Men Allergic to Eating Pussy. Is that something we're comfortable with? Would that be okay? All right, because I can do a poem about Harry Potter if you want. Eating pussy? All right. Cool, because I have like five more minutes. All right, let's see if I have this memorized. I competed with this last week, y'all. Okay. Dear straight men allergic to eating pussy. I know, there's not many of you here. I know you're trying to have, I know you're tired of us having this conversation in private, which is why I'm addressing you in front of your girlfriend. You say pennies, tuna, the leftover of any fish market left to swelter in the heat. Out of context, it sounds like you are describing the bottom of a garbage can. Curdled milk, fruit rotting inside of a closed jaw, not the part of your lover's body that could flower against the mouth. Question. Are you like really, really sure you're straight? Are you like attracted to women as people, or would a flesh light with a skirt on do it for you? Hashtag masculinity so fragile it's broken by the very soil that birthed it. What is it that scares you the most? Is it the taste? Really? Or is it the thought of her riding your face into breathlessness? Hashtag hero's death. I have another question for you.  Imagining a sex act so devoid of your own physical pleasure must be so boring, but here I must remind you that only 30% of cis women can reach orgasm via vaginal penetration alone. This means that by a very modest estimate, you've disappointed at least 70% of the women you've been with.  Did you know that you sound like the patriarchy finishing in its own mouth?   I don't even want to tell you what you're missing, but your girlfriend complained to me last night to let me explain something to you.       Imagine that your body is the joke. So Harry Potter or a poem about someone being transphobic and me threatening to stab them? This stab poem? Is this really the, okay. Oh, someone said Harry Potter in the back. All right, that's cool. I'll do that one for you later, not during the show because I'm running out of time. Okay, so I have a content warning for this one. If you are triggered by the very intense transphobic language, this is going to be in there, so please take care of yourself and take a moment if you need it during my piece. So this happened to me like two years ago and it sucked. So this poem is called Ten Reactions to Being Told, Where Do You Live?  One, apologize until you begin to mean it.  Men like this have no patience for defiance, don't give him a reason to engrave your epitaph himself. Three, calculate his reach. How long would it take for him to use his meaty paws like a fish hook? Four, don't you know you live here? In the shoulder checks at the supermarket, the glares at the airport, the anger that lingers over the tops of his knuckles, get comfortable. This is how you learn to breathe under all of that rage. Five, run from him when you can.  Watch as his eyes linger over the outline of her body like chalk. Like things that stick to your clothes. Like honey. Like that woman must belong to me. Seven, apologize anyway. Eight, but the next time bring a knife. The one with the wicked mouth at selling point, being its ability to disembowel a fully grown buck in seconds. Remind him that his name and address are engraved on the blade now nine. The next time he follows you, show him how close to home you are willing to take him. Ten, remember, be humble. This is where you live. Thank you. At that time? I have one more? All right, so do we want to do, okay, I'm so, I'm indecisive. So Harry Potter or a poem about an Air Force base? Harry Potter, but it's okay. Someone said Air Force.  No? You don't mind? Cool. I'll just do my Harry Potter. Okay. This is what I'm doing. That was a page poem. I'm a stage poet. Okay. Ten years after considering getting a death eater tattoo or Severus Snape the brown boy. I'd imagined it so many times it felt like it already happened here. Black and stark against my father's least successful heirloom. When I read the story, I recognize myself immediately.  The story convinces me of my place and oh how willing I was to betray myself to sell my soul to the nearest white boy with a weapon and a promise power. And those two weak to seek it resonated with me. The half ignored boy. The only interesting part of me was what another man left behind. This is why when I stumbled across Stormfront, the world's largest white supremacist website when I was 11, I stayed. Over a jury that there was someplace out there that hated me more than I hated myself. And maybe this too is a privilege I do after all have this skin.  Stormfront taught me I was an aberration, a deluminator catching light only to snuff it. But society told me I was a success story, the dark breaking open long enough to let magic inside. Growing up, I thought my father was a wizard. How else could he have pulled up the disappearing act so well? Aryan, Harry, Houdini, everywhere and nowhere, always. All I knew about him was his race and his problem with potions, so of course I wanted it.  His whiteness and the website that carved its poplar tree onto my bones. I was 11 and waiting for a Hogwarts letter. I was 11 and thought myself a failure of genetics. I was 11 and would never be magic, but I did get that tattoo after all. I caught my mother staring at it. My betrayal, I mean. Thank you.


Everybody forced here. I'm ripping one box 2022 absolute baseball hobby for Derek M. Thanks Derek and good luck Let's see a kaboom for you, man Did a whole case break earlier. I didn't see one kaboom. Let's see what we got Nice start and O'Neill Cruz rookie to 999 Adolas Garcia to 149 Santo and Sandberg Showing McGuire tools of the trade drew waters dual relic auto to 75. I like SP more Tools of the trade Eli Morgan rookie dual relic auto It's a 50 solid hits there and a Jamer Ken Delario Jersey to 99. It's that nice number to Neil Cruz. Let's see a kaboom. Come on now There's a by storm Alex Bregman out of 149 Shane Bieber to 149 straight Turner a Rosa Reina base Rookie Jersey Cards Seth beard a 199 and the book is to 30. It's a rookie baseball material booklet signatures Redulfo Castro Very nice book blue laces on the ball One of the three one of three color patches there That'll do it for you Derek. Thanks again. We'll get those cards right out to you