All right. Hello, everybody. For those who don't know me, my name is Julien, and well, I'm the organizer of this. Thank you, thank you, thank you. Let me skip this slide. So, yep. So, well, what we do at Women with Code, right? We are a meet-up group, essentially, and what we want to do is we want to help women in the industry basically excel in your technology careers. Right? That's what we do, and we want to be able to network with each other in sessions such as this so that you know more like-minded people out there, and you can discuss, you know, all the issues that we can't discuss with guys at work, of course. Right? So, we have not just our meet-up group, but we also have a website as well. Our email address is there. If you have any questions you want to ask us about, we have a Facebook group, we have a Slack, and of course, we also have a mailing list. We haven't broadcasted that recently, but we do have a mailing list, and I tend to do an email telling you about events such as this. Yeah? Some of you have got the invitation through the mailing list. And yeah, we also do events such as this, and we are always on the lookout for speakers because we would like to encourage more speakers to step up and speak. So, if you would like to do a session with us, whether it's you want to do your own panel, feel free to approach us as well, or if you want to do your own workshop or give a talk on a certain topic, feel free to let us know, and we'll organize everything for you. And thank you to Facebook. This is our Facebook page, so do join us. So, it's pretty fun. I always put out interesting information that some of you might like to know about on there as well. So, yeah. And in preparation for our CONNECT conference, so this year in August, the 31st of August, we are doing a women's code CONNECT Asia. This will be the first one of its kind tech conference in Asia, and our goal is to make sure that we have more female speakers than men. So, if any of you have ever been to a tech conference, one of the biggest problems is there's no female speakers, or not enough of them. So, our goal, if we can get more female speakers than men, we have reached our goal, we have shown that we can speak. It doesn't have to be a guy. So, do submit a proposal for the women's code CONNECT Asia. It's on the 31st of August. It's a Saturday. It will be fun to come down. All right.  It will be happening in Singapore. Yeah, it will be in Singapore. And we have organizers from these five different countries, basically the five different cities in Asia. We are collaborating together to make this happen in Singapore. So, the first one here. Next year, we might have it in Kuala Lumpur. But, you know, this year, it's in Singapore. So, make the best of this chance that we're doing it in Singapore. Submit the CFP. That would be great. Great stuff. All right. Okay. Yep. So, just to recap a bit, in the past two years, we have already, we have organized quite a number of events in the past two years. I think we have hit more than 100 sessions, made up sessions. And that's really great. That was really cool. So, round of applause for everybody. That is great. And we have lots of different sessions. We have the hackathon last year, of course. Yeah. Speaker sessions, workshops, panels, all these, and these are great stuff. See if you can catch yourself in any of these photos. Yeah. Shemin Nisa has went and now she's working in New York. Huijing is an organizer of JSConf. Lydia is still a director at KL. So, again, just to remind everybody, we are doing this on the 31st of August. Submit a CFP. And hopefully, through the panel session tonight, you'll learn more about being a speaker and you'll step up. So, if you want, feel free to, you know, do a try-around on any one of our meet-ups if you don't want to jump straight to a tech conference. You know, just do a meet-up with us first. And then you can do it on the tech conference. Right? We'll be your guinea pig. We want to thank Facebook for doing this for us, for collaborating and organizing such a great event, celebrating IWD. And Kailah, she'll give a few words about Facebook. Thank you. Hi. Good evening, ladies. And happy International Women's Day. Yeah, right. So, I have a question. How many of you it's your first time at Facebook today? First time ever. Wow. Okay. We need to do more of this. How many of you it's your first time celebrating International Women's Day? Of course, right? Okay, some people, yes. Okay, great first experience. How many of you came here for the food, to be honest? The donut wall was amazing. Okay, I see hands going out of the back. Regardless of why you came, we're so happy you're here and we're so, so honored and so happy that we can, you know, really host this event today. So, I just wanted to quickly share a little bit about, you know, what we do and who I am. So, my name is Kailah. I lead diversity programs at Facebook. Aside from my day job, I am also a co-lead for community partnerships with our Women at Facebook network. So, you can tell I'm big on community. I love community. And I think it's so important that all of us come together in one place where, you know, we can make each other stronger and together, we really are stronger together. So, Facebook as a company, like, why are we doing this today? Why do we want to host Women Who Code? We love community. And to be honest, like, today I had like three events in the other building. If you follow our Facebook Live Instagram page, you will see we've been hosting events with Linan, he for she. And today, right now, we have Women Who Code. And this is our mission. Our mission is very simple. We want to bring the world closer together. We want to give people, you guys, you ladies, the power to build community. And that's important to us as a company. And so today, you know, we're so happy to host you all of you here. And we hope that through this community of Women Who Code, we'll all be stronger together. Thank you. So, without further ado, let me introduce our amazing panel to please come up and get in. You can take it. Yeah. Welcome. Great stuff. Okay. All right. So, thank you. If you can find your name, if you can sit accordingly, that would be best. So if Vanessa can sit. So that Vanessa, you have to sit here. We don't have enough seats. Oh, that's okay. Then I'll sit on the side. I'll sit here. That's great. So I think we'll have it more or less. Okay. Thank you. Great stuff. All right. We have Vanessa. So, I think you guys can read. Vanessa, Rampreet, Aditi, Vin, Amanda, and Samana. These are great, great, great panellists we have. All right. Yeah, I think, yeah, the names, you can read the names quite okay. Lovely. Great stuff. So first off, we are doing this panel to basically tell your experience about speaking at the Women Who Code session and also your experience speaking in general. And hopefully some of these girls can gain some of the insights from you and maybe even speak soon. So very quickly, do you mind basically tell us a little bit about how you started speaking for Women Who Code? So I run a non-profit called Exile Alliance and also the virtual reality women group in Asia.  But I say, you know, why don't you just start somewhere, come and join our meetups. And Eulina has been great as well, building this community here. And she's been persuading me to talk about Webbexar. So, and that's how I got started. Hi, I'm Rampreet. I took a break from work in 2017 and I got to know about this meetup in my inbox. And I came to meet, I saw a group of ladies building a mobile app. I found it to be inspiring and that's how I developed my interest in joining this. And I did two sessions. One was on Scrum and the other was on Git. Very helpful. I'm great to be part of this community. Thank you. Hello, everyone. Hi, my name is Aditi. I actually started becoming part of Women Who Code. I met Eulina actually at one of the events where there were like nine to ten year olds trying to learn Python. Like they were really little girls and like I saw them code. I saw the kind of the passion they had to understand what was going on with an integer and a variable. And that kind of told me that, you know, there's just so many people who want to learn when they're so young. And like some of them were telling me that, you know, they're still told that it's probably, you know, science is not for them or it might be too hard and, you know, things like that which I thought was very, very shocking.  They can try it out for themselves and see if that's what they like and go ahead. I think that would mean a lot to me. So that's how I got here and, yeah, did a talk. Hi, my name is Bin. And I started to code because I started to speak because Eulina asked me to. Yeah. So honestly, like I think it was like, I think last year there's another Facebook event that is called Powerful Woman in Tech. And then that's where I met Eulina. And then I was showing her, like, oh, I really interested in like animation in CSS and stuff and show her what I'm doing. And then she was like, oh, do you want to speak about CSS? And then I was like, oh, I'm very uncomfortable about doing it anyway because I want to grow. So that's why I started on this journey. For me, it's like a growth journey. And I do encourage y'all if she ever asks you or if you just approach her to, you know, speak up, it would be great. Hi, Amanda. So I was just talking to Bin and Leon. I said the same thing. I just say yes to you. No, but so I was, I did a talk about cloud technology. So I'm basically working a lot of, I was working towards my solution architecture for AWS. So I thought it was a good way to kind of revise and go through. Because once you speak out to the public, you kind of go through all the things you have in your, mentally. You don't even need to refer to your notes that much. You have, you know it inside and out. So that was a good way to get that experience. My name is Samana. I am a mobile developer. I met Yulien in one of the social coding session. And I like the whole concept of that they're open to people from different backgrounds to learn. And they want more people to hold some workshops. So I approached her and shared my interest that I wanted to share my knowledge with people. And we held together and she helped me for the first IOS workshop for women who can code. Lovely. Great stuff. Great stuff. Thank you. What is it for each of you? I think some of you have a different incentive to become a speaker. Any of you have something different? Okay. I can go. I think one of the things when I started speaking publicly, I realized that it's a very difficult experience. It makes you quite nervous. And I think at that point you can make a call as to whether you're not going to do it because it's harder because you feel like that or you can take it the other way. Now I think about it because I'm nervous that means I'm doing something challenging and something important. So I'm like, okay, you know what? I want to do it because it's just harder than not doing it. So I think that's kind of how I'd get into this and try and come out and share my ideas. And any different reason you're speaking? So I just came back from a conference as well. So I think at least there's really interesting career advice from this Trisha from JetBrains. A lot of people talk about being 10 times programmers. You'll be rock star developers and stuff. But if you really want to skill your skills, you have to share them. So I think if you're speaking and sharing with other people, that's actually one step towards helping your team grow bigger, your company grow bigger and the community grow bigger as well. To me I feel that writing, I have a writer's mind. But I also find that as I started learning, I find speaking is a good outlet for me to reinforce what I'm learning and sharing out to the industry as well. And the best things is so I get to meet like-minded people and to me growing my network, to find mentors as well as well as help others, that's the motivation for me. Great stuff. So how much time do you spend preparing for a workshop? Depend on what kind of a workshop it is. If it's more like a deep tech which you're not really familiar with, then you have to gain and research or have enough knowledge that you can speak. And if something that you are very strong in it, then I think lesser times. Depend on the topic you have chosen or what kind of a workshop it is, you have to prepare accordingly. Anybody interested to know a ballpark figure on how long they spend preparing for a workshop? No? Okay, I can say that I spend 27 years. Because I mean like for me right, knowledge is something that you build years upon years. And like once you get familiar with it right, any moment you have to come out. So I think that like for me, I build my knowledge, I really study my stuff and like I make sure that I know I understand it well. But then to be honest, to prepare for a workshop, I think it will be about 2-3 weeks. Yeah, I think to Ben's point, I usually take up topics which I have hands-on experience on. So it takes for me around 4-5 hours over a couple of weeks. So that is a ballpark figure I think. Thank you. I seem to be the outlier. Maybe I'm just too busy at work. I think I spend about the weekend before at least a couple of days. I think that's bare minimum because you need to go through all your material and stuff. Is there a difference like doing a talk or a workshop? I think workshop is a bit different because you have to kind of prepare your, make sure the materials that people are participating, they actually understand as well. Whereas in a talk, it's still more of a one-to-many, whereas in a workshop you're working back and forth. So I think a workshop definitely takes a lot more time than a talk. Well for me, when I do an industry talk about the virtual reality trends, it takes me about one month to actually go through all the points for the 20 overslides or so. That's really interesting. So through your experience being a speaker, is there a lot of difference, any of you find a lot of difference giving a talk, other than what you have spoken and what was the one thing that surprises you, whether given it's a talk or a workshop, something that you've never talked about before being a speaker? I think one thing that when I didn't used to do that much public speaking was I used to get a lot of advice, like you should try to be confident, you should try to say the right things and maybe crack a few things that would help lighten the atmosphere. But I think one thing that surprised me was people like to see you yourself, like they connect with you the most while you're talking or whatever you're sharing when you're just being yourself and just sharing the thoughts that they want to listen, but at the same time understanding where they're coming from and then sharing those ideas that way. So I think that was quite surprising for me that it's not so much about the confidence or not even about the highly technical content, it's about understanding the audience once and just being honest about it. For me it was learning that it is not just what I share, there is a big learning that I get out of these sessions. So when I did the session on Scrum there was a QA session whereby many participants shared the challenges they face in adopting Scrum. So that kind of insights enriched me and I took them back to my work and that really helped me. For me the fact that I get chosen to be in front of people actually is a surprise by itself to be honest because when I go for a meeting when I go for talk and I see all this lady, all this speaker that is up there and I was like wow, never be there. And then just one day out in the world I'm just an ordinary person but then ask me oh do you want to do it or not and I decided to set up the comfort zone and I realised that the first time is scary but the second time the third time it was better. So yeah. I feel that as you start speaking if you do the first time and you continue at it, it might be really daunting but you find that you start to lead projects better as well as the industry and again you get to meet like minor people.  I think when you were having your first workshop then it's a bit difficult. You can say you get more nervous and you think okay whether I would be able to communicate and share my knowledge in a very simpler way because this woman of quit is open for all. So the first initial challenge which I thought that I'd need to be very simple so that even a person who doesn't belong to a tech background can understand and can build that project with me. So I was nervous initially and when I had the experience of them then it was easy. I think for me again it's always a nervous speaking habit I think. Actually I did especially when you were asking I was like okay it's just a crowd of strangers maybe I'll never see any of you at me again and it's fine but I do see a lot of you today so I think it's at least that's helping as well. Then after I gave the talk I actually went back to my office and said okay I told my boss actually I did do a talk the other day and then I actually did show my colleagues and I said my boss was like oh so why didn't you like show in front of us before that because I was still really nervous about it so but it helped a lot as Ben was saying and you know just practice and then you get the injections, foreign booster shots I think it's really brave of all of you just to do the first step and do your first speech. That's great stuff I feel that women who quotes meetups and events are fantastic because you actually learn something concrete and not just talk about you know what the issues or challenges but you're building something so it's fantastic community Thank you. Okay so from this right do you gain anything from being a speaker any you know opportunities that come your way just because you have spoken in public? We usually don't get paid. Yeah I think like you know from doing this right I get to reinforce my like I need to understand before I work prepare for the workshop right before I come for the workshop I make sure to understand the concept well and while I'm doing that right I learn more and I become more confident I can defend my points I get more respect I get more credibility so it out into like you know when I go for interview for clients project for example then when I go for those kind of interview I'm more confident I have I have things to show them like instead of saying like oh I know CSS I know Angular I know React I tell them that oh I conduct a workshop in this in that yeah so in in doing all that right I think like it's beneficial for me to grow as you know to grow into like into the role that I wanted yeah. Okay definitely it gave me a lot of visibility through speaking in women who can code now I'm more confident I whenever I'm you know in a way it has helped me throughout my startup journey and throughout the meeting different people and plus when you are holding a workshop I've realized that you learn from people who are making or with you in that journey a lot then it seems like you're teaching them something but you learn from them a lot that okay this thing I need to work on it from their questions and stuff so it keeps you motivated. I also feel that as women start to speak at the technical events or industry events you again get to build the credibility and you get to also build a career and rise up in management senior rank positions and I think we need more women in management levels especially technical women I see a lot of social media experts coming to the industry and saying that you know this is what industry is about but I think we really really need technical women out there. So let's see what is the one thing you wish you had known before you have spoken before you know you become a speaker one thing you should know and you wish you have known I think one thing that I wish I had known before I went and spoke was like when I was preparing for my material I thought like I have to be the know everything about the topic that I'm presenting or I have to be the smartest in the room about the domain that I am or I should know everything about you know whatever I'm presenting because it could be that they ask me something and then I'm like okay you know maybe I have to check but I think one thing I've realized is that probably that's not needed like we are all here to learn and I'm just presenting an idea and as everyone said that during the event we realized from the questions that there's so much more to do so I think one of the things I wish I knew was that I don't have to self over understanding everything about the domain that I'm presenting like it's a matter of being in the same room sharing ideas and then just learning from each other so I think a lot of people don't take it because they're like okay if I'm the speaker I'm the center of attention like I should know everything about what I'm presenting so I think that was something that we don't need to know so I agree with what she just said I had the same fear that unless I mean how can I become a public speaker if I'm not expert in a particular topic but think about it when you want to learn a new topic you don't know that topic at an expert level now I have knowledge about Java but if there is a session on let's say python what is my aim my aim is to maybe bring myself up from zero to let's say five to six level out of ten so the speaker doesn't need to be expert but rather the speaker should have the ability to bring the audience from zero to let's say five or six average level so that was a surprising thing I learned through this definitely I agree exactly to you ladies I wish I would be would have been less fearful and thought that okay I should not be less hard on myself that it's gonna be fine and so so one thing I learned is I wish I should have done this much earlier like ten years ago so it's never too late to start start now so it's stuff that you know to learn that it doesn't have to be stressful at all it's no such thing as perfection and definitely no such as perfect speaker alright any advice you have for the floor for the members I kind of anticipated this question I would say one of the things would be that just start small like I think for me I started with just doing like a presentation for my team just telling them you know that I've been reading about this thing outside of work like I would just like to share get your opinion on what you feel about it so I think it's good to start somewhere for me it helped that I shared it with the people I knew and like felt a lot more comfortable so I think start somewhere and the other thing I would say is that just try it out you might feel it's not for you or you feel quite nervous but again like when you are in that uncomfortable zone is where you will try to push yourself and become a better version of yourself so I think just keep that in mind that it's okay to be nervous and just still do it I think that don't have any mental barrier or stuff like you know if you don't have a certain scale or certain experience if you want to learn something I think women of good good is the best opportunity it gives you it's open for all anybody from any point of time they are in life they can start doing and pursuing and do the stuff they want to do yeah for me it would just do it because I remember like the Virgin Airlines CEO he actually say like even if you don't know how to do it if the person present to you the opportunity just take it and figure it out yeah it's actually today before I joined this when really asked me I would never do a panel before it's so scary and all the ladies are like so high up there and so established what I'm going to do yeah but then I decided like okay I've just got to commit to it first and then I'll figure out later so maybe you can do the same thing as well yeah alright one last question before we open for Q&A right what is any of these what is the best question you ever answered in a Q&A or the worst question you have ever gotten in a Q&A I think one of the best questions that I've been asked is like you know where can I start and I think that is very good because it gives the audience as well as the person who asked the question the ability to know that you know you can start at anywhere whether it's a technical concept so I remember like I was talking about building a chatbot for one of my talks and like the person stood up and she's like okay I've only played with chatbots like you know where can I start and I think that question really helps because it that's in the minds of a lot of people who are there in the audience like okay you know you're presenting this technical concept to me sounds good like but where do I start so I think that was something that I thought was good for me to share my experience and also make the audience feel like you know sometimes the concepts we're discussing might be very technical you might not have knowledge about it but there are places you can begin and start your journey so I think that for me is like one of the best questions to get the audience to feel like we all can do it okay so I guess when you work on a lot of cloud stuff and then you hear the marketing people will be like oh you know it's just a few lines of code you can just put in there and then you run and then it will work so someone was asking me so I think they were asking something like is it really or is it really so simple as that much code so I had to I mean it is sometimes it is as easy as that much code but you always have to remember your building on top for other people's work layers on layers and layers you're just as long as you do something new you're adding to the knowledge around us as well and then we can all be on that as well yeah I think that's a pretty good question I think I have a question once before when I'm on stage and somebody come back come out to me when I'm off the stage and say who do you think you are to you know lead industry or say these things about the industry and say well I think I'm able to do it why can't you know women do it it doesn't matter I mean and sometimes it's also really because it's International Women's Day I never really reflected how it actually affected me being a woman I thought that it's just usual go out and do things but I do think subconsciously how people perceive me on stage as a woman and I didn't know how much actually whether I can be myself humorous or being a professional setting how would they perceive me so that's always in the back of my mind so that's been a challenge for some times too so for the sessions I did I want to thank everyone who asked the questions because there isn't one single best question it's the discussion that stimulates further discussion and some questions that I may not personally like are the questions for which I didn't have the answer because that was a pivotal point from me becoming a speaker sharing my knowledge to become someone who knows who becomes more self aware and knows the gaps in the knowledge and can go and get better about them yeah that's great stuff alright any questions from the floor if you wanted to have a question thank you very much for sharing all this it was really interesting to know how you find a topic to talk about because personally I quite like doing talks or I would like to do more talks but then I don't really know what to talk about so yeah how do you find a topic I think initially start with something which is you are interested in which you are passionate about it for starting in my opinion you should do something which you think you are good at and you have knowledge of it and you're passionate about speaking about that topic so something is related to the area of your interest maybe I'm not sure it's each to everyone one thing I can really suggest if you are passionate about a particular charity to volunteer your time speaking about that course and that actually when you have the passion lead you it actually makes it easier to think about what to talk about and yeah be out there speaking about it also thank you for sharing your knowledge I have a question do you have any tips how is to encourage your audience like sometimes do you feel like audience is boring what should I do what should I do all the time yeah it's really challenging I would say yes it's not just a crack jokes and people have poker faces right so very interesting session that I did actually at Facebook itself where the audience was a bit too diverse it was just very diverse and the three speaker sessions during that session was one on mobile one on web and mine I was talking about data science and agile so and most of the audience they were not from the same field some are web developers some are backend developers a few data scientists some practice agile maybe not and when I asked the question on you know who's actually practicing agile or who's a data scientist like maybe two or three hands popped up and that was scary for me I was like what what am I doing here right but so I just plowed through the talk basically just went through it because I realized that you know not everybody is going to be interested in listening to the talk itself I just plowed through it but surprisingly after the talk a few of the people actually approached me and said oh they really appreciate that I actually given the talk and that was quite surprising for me so it doesn't really matter whether or not your audience look bored actually you'll be surprised they are actually quite attentive yeah I think one of the things that I would generally do like if I feel like I'm losing my audience or probably I'm either going too fast or too slow or maybe I'm just being too technical for the audience or maybe less technical because that's also a challenge right like people who are already in the industry might find like okay that's just touching on the surface like I could have found that on Google like so I think you kind of have to gauge the pulse of the audience as well sometimes I would just ask some questions like how she was talking about like maybe just like what's your experience level just so that they feel like okay you know the fact that they're there that's being accounted for so yeah just take a pause just ask some questions or maybe for one of the smaller events I even took it to the place where you can just ask them to stand up and maybe you know introduce themselves and then take it from there and make it more of a discussion rather than just me talking so I think there are various ways to do it it really depends on the audience as well like for such a crowd it might be very hard to do it like if you guys are disinterested but it would get easier if it's a smaller crowd so I think you really have to gauge it like asking them some questions understanding their experience level and also maybe I think something that usually works is that if I have some videos or demos to show then I'll just bring them up early on like in my earlier slides rather than me going through the theory or the approach I've taken to solve that problem I'll just bring up the solution up front so that people know okay so this is what she built okay now let's understand how she built it so sometimes you just have to maybe tweak it a little bit what you would have planned and yeah I guess that would be the way to go yeah so I do workshop right then like you know I try to be scary on social work down one round they'll check like oh you do already or not oh you do already or not yeah those kind of things I guess like finding out like how people are like what level they are and like are they doing the thing are they bought or not ask them question I think that would help yeah I think I didn't I haven't done any workshops but I've been workshop helpers and I think like you said I think it just helps to go around and make sure because don't really want to say they have a problem so it's easy to go online with them as well yeah same yeah be interactive go on and see everybody is able to produce and we'll be with you on the workshop so most of the tech topics can seem boring to people who are not from a technical background one trick that can help sometimes is to just prepare to have a bit of try to inject a bit of sense of humor if you can in the whole group I think that helps to sometimes awaken the audience yeah so I was also just telling them again about a non-technical background because I mean I do work in a non-technical company so they were doing some tech awareness and stuff like that so it was actually a really big crowd it was like very long room it's very hard to look around especially a setting and then I think a lot of it is like even if they are not of a tech background you kind of can still relate to their everyday life especially nowadays I mean everyone has a phone everyone has Facebook so you just kind of bring the concepts to them and I think it works very well with analogies and metaphors and just dry tech talk sometimes here Any other question? Hi, hello I have a question so my name is Sarah so thank you so much for sharing your views around public speaking I had a question also for Ye Lin also for the rest because she brought you guys onto the panel and asked some of you to become speakers what is your advice around how do you bring people around you to become more ready to speak I mean I don't want to force anyone but I've seen people around me who are really really good and I sit there a few times like oh you should totally speak at this thing and then they're always like no no I don't want and it's gone on for like a year but how do I get more people into the foe of getting into the action of speaking right how I do it you call you Lin I get them to commit to a date so I literally I just bring up my diary and say what about next week Thursday I think that works in life as well just you get people commit to a date I say oh yeah that's that's how about next next month you know next month you know we are not doing anything special in this particular week how about Thursday what better for you and I think one of the other things that I feel helps especially when she was asking me to speak at the event where she was like you have the ability to choose a topic so you can decide what you want to speak about you can decide how technical would it be like there were like really no constraints that I was working with so that was encouraging because if she was like okay we are looking for machine learning speakers only then I'm like okay you know I've done a bit of it but I don't know I'm eligible to speak about it so I think just letting people around you know that you know it's not about being really good at what you're going to speak or knowing you know again being an expert at it but just making them feel comfortable that people are there to hear you to just understand your perspective I think that helps the other thing that I really found pushed me to public speaking was watching a lot of tech talks like I was just amazed with how those people used to impart ideas and like I remember watching so many tech talks and feeling like wow like I've been influenced my life has been transformed after watching those and I feel like you know if I can do that to somebody that's really motivating for me so like if I'm able to convince someone or just have some sort of impact on their lives simply by presenting my idea I think that's a big motivator for me so just letting people know that it's free form you can choose what you want to speak about and also tell them that even the small amount of impact you can create can go a long way I think that really helps people ease out and you know volunteer themselves to speak up yeah I think it's also quite similar with all our experiences where the first talk is always the most daunting right so there's always our various different types of talks out there not just a full 30 minute talk with remote code but there's also lightning talks in a lot of tech conferences they do lightning talks as well and we might actually I might consider doing a lightning talk sessions where I can just grab as many sign ups as possible and I can talk for five minutes there's other meetups groups not just remote code there's junior deaf there's other talk CSS and I think they don't have one recently but they used to have a hack and tell session where you only talk for 10 minutes and you only have 10 minutes and you have to talk at 10 minutes so that's quite interesting as well so it doesn't have to be a full length talk yeah one of the other things I can remember is like I was asking someone to be a public speaker like just to share their ideas because I thought they were very interesting and then I just let him know that you know what like you finish your talk and then during the Q&A we both will be there and take the questions together because sometimes like they feel like you know maybe the Q&A section can be quite daunting okay what will the crowd ask me so I just made them feel better saying that okay we'll just take it together like we'll see as the questions come in like one of us can volunteer and you are also feel free just to tell them that you know I don't know and we can get back or something like that so that kind of gives them the comfort level okay because some people are like okay what can they ask me right so I think just being comfortable with saying I don't know is fine like you're not expected to know everything definitely you can always share a session basically saying I'm willing to do a cold talk with you think Charlotte had a similar experience talking interview with your colleague yeah hi to the panel and everybody here so actually I have my first big talk on Monday I'm delivering a talk at NTU as an alumnus and I'm actually looking for some advice so I am going to be addressing a crowd of about I think 300 people and I'm super nervous so I noticed that all of you here are from different tech backgrounds and different stages of your career it would be great if you could maybe share one advice each that I could carry home and pass it on to my audience when I deliver the talk so I'm addressing the school of triply undergrad and post-grad students so it could be some advice which just helps someone new someone fresh in their careers these are tech students yes okay that would be I would give you very stereotype advice but that works if you know whenever you're just following your passion if you're passionate about something you are interested in learning that and pursuing your career in that then even if you don't know few things you will be able to learn it and you will be able to enjoy and give up things or the things you love doing so definitely if you're passionate about doing technical stuff follow that but if you think you don't feel happy doing programming then don't do it no pressure I would say that probably if you're addressing like students one of the things that would be good would be to use some examples from your workplace if possible like maybe take it back to your experience you said you're an alumni and how you really felt maybe start there like because especially when we just graduate out and we are looking for opportunities there's a lot of you know apprehension and nervousness with where we'll get in what will happen to your careers and then just tell them that in the long term it wouldn't matter as much as you think it would like so I mean I guess just take it back to where they come from like just put yourself in their shoes like when I was thinking about today's event also I was like okay what if I had never spoken before and I was sitting in the crowd what would I want them to say like I don't want them to say that it's not for everyone or I don't want them to say that you need years of preparation till you can become a speaker right because that's going to be discouraging and that's not true either so I think it would be helpful if you can just visualize yourself as one member in the audience and imagine that if I had an alumni who was coming in to speak to me what would kind of made me feel good but at the same time get me well prepared for whatever I'm going to do next so I think that's usually how I decide what to cover really. Again no pressure. So I did a similar talk in a secondary school where I was sharing my thoughts on choosing a career in IT industry and it's surprising that many of the students they don't understand much about what technology is all about. So one thing that I example I gave them was about smart nations. Singapore is all set to become smart nation and there is a lot of videos and documentation on internet which talks about how the government plans to set up the sensors across the island, get the data, analyze that data and make smart decisions on that basis. So if you could somehow condense that in a few minutes and share with them I think it would help them. I think I can relate well to the student. When I'm still in my year 4 I still don't know what I'm going to do. I really don't know. Year 4, 7, 1 I was like oh am I going to be a developer, am I going to be a project manager, what am I going to do and then I guess at that time there is this module called IDP. So it's about phototyping and I realized I didn't even have to try. I'm good at it by natural. So I discovered where I want to go in the very last sem of my entire 4 years and I mean just maybe for them for me back then if somebody would have told me it's okay, you don't have it together, you don't figure it out, it's fine. Eventually you figure it out and maybe just ask them to stay open and hopeful that one day you'll find something that you really like. I guess I'll say something about maybe just go beyond your comfort zone. It's not necessary that you need to, if you're happy your comfort zone maybe, I mean that's fine. But the only way to grow is to move beyond it. If not you're just limiting yourself. I think 10 years ago if I was thinking oh I'll be staying where I am now but I mean as in I mostly regret the choice I don't make rather than as in even try for it. Letting those I actually did, I made the decision to go forward so I think that's one of the key lessons to learn. I think the ability to relate to people, the team the colleagues around you, it's super important. It's not just about studies and technology. I think during that period before they actually go into the industry they might not realize that this is one industry you have to keep learning after you graduate. Maybe they might appreciate knowing that up front. Any other questions? Hi, good evening. Thank you for these amazing ideas. I'm still a student myself but when I think about my home country and we're all about women in tech, I feel that there are a lot of smaller cities where a lot of girls don't have access to quality education maybe so they don't have somebody teaching them math or science with the right concepts. It's like being road learning or something. So they lose their passion and then it is anyways like the stereotype, the males domain. So I feel a lot of people with the aptitude are lost at a young stage. So how would you say engage in an audience of say young teenage girls who you know like I started liking science when I saw the Flintstones cartoon thinking that maybe I could build a future someday. But like in your opinion what could be a good way to gauge somebody's aptitude or interest so you can like help him further, her further and also like maybe get them interested or on board to you know explore sciences, maths or anything in tech further for a younger audience. Actually I can completely relate to you because I'm also from a third world country and they're very less access to women who wants to pursue even their career or studies but you're right because you know tech awareness is very important. You aware them about technology and conducting these sessions which can aware them that this is you know technology is how it's growing and then obviously they can be able to if they feel related to it or they want to do something like that. So awareness is very important because when I started my bachelor's I didn't know that this is something which is I'm really gonna pursue my life and something which is I'm passionate about it. So when I started then I realized that it is something which I wanted to do for my life. So I think awareness, creating such awareness campaigns and telling them that if they get excited about technology you can see there's some interest in them. Eventually people get to know that where they kind of feel more interested. Thank you for that. Sorry you okay. I think one thing that I've noticed that really helps and like I was just last weekend I was in an event called She Hacks where we had like 9 to 12 year olds girls who were trying to you know build something. It was a two day hackathon and I think one thing I realized is that the community helps a lot. So for young girls and even for us right like if we feel that we find people around us who want to do the same thing or who are in it like okay so let's build something together that really helps versus just one or two people doing it. So I think if you ever find someone who has the aptitude or at least even just wants to know like getting them in a community really helps. Like getting like at least like 9 to 10 of them together and giving them some problem to solve and then you know when they achieve it together I think that's when they feel okay yes this is not hard and not just that they feel like a sense of accomplishment. So I think that needs to happen early on believe that yes you can do it and at the same time have the interest in it because I think the reason people leave it is because either they find it okay either it's too difficult to understand or it's like okay you know sometimes you're like okay it's too much science like I can't really relate it to anything around me so I think for especially for little girls I think it's very important and boys like it's really important that you get them in a community where those people also want to you know hack out stuff try out stuff and it could be very simple things right but I think getting people around you who are similar minded would really help you push that through. So I feel like just getting a few of them together is the right way to go about it in my opinion. Thank you. I really want to thank everybody okay one last question. Go for it. As you were asking for the event so we used to organize an event for small girls in India so you don't focus on the learning just you know help them to be excited about the subject so we used to invite them to our college university and we used to ask from every department like chemistry physics to show some interesting experiments just to make them feel and then we will tell our stories that even we never did it before we never touched chemicals before when we came here we did it so it also really helped a lot them to be excited about the subjects and be confident that in the future they can also take these subjects as a career. So you can organize these one or two events and can ask them to come regularly or monthly to see some experiments those are doing. Great stuff. Thank you for sharing and thank the panel for sharing. Thank you very much. And feel free to approach the speakers and there are other speakers with the blue bags they have spoken before feel free to ask any of them about their experiences and just even if you want to ask more personal questions that's the time. And there's still food outside so feel free mingle around this is a time that we actually celebrate. It's International Women's Day everybody have fun. And last and not least after this session I expect every single one to submit a proposal. Don't just submit one submit as many as possible whatever project you have submit five proposals on all five projects. It will be great stuff. Great. Thank you.


Hello everybody. It's great to see you here today. The ECB is a great place to work. There are outstanding people at the ECB. And this starts with recognition of talent very early and attracting the best talent to the ECB. We're going to talk of six main topics, education, competencies and learning, lifelong learning, role models, opportunities, networking and leadership. Remain yourself. Don't be afraid to stand for your opinions and also listen to others. Know your subject really to build confidence. Really know your subject and do your homework. Look at the topics given to you. Look at the opportunities. And then just go on. Take every opportunity and learn it. Choose somebody you know will give you honest feedback. It's not about them giving you the solution to your daily problem. It's about giving you the big picture perspective, respect and trust, the assessment and so-called, let's say, daily wisdom of that person. When you know what your own core value is and you're going on that journey of discovery to look at where you might want to work in the future, then you go and investigate what the core values are of the company that you want to apply to. What is the Graduate Program? For me, most importantly, it's a development opportunity. It's a development opportunity which gives you exposure to two different business area. You get, on the job, real-life professional experience. You get a tailor-made training program and you get mentorship.


Welcome folks, here are the now industrials right now trading down 66 Nasdaq off 84, S&Ps down 11. Gold. Gold contract up $22.10, trading at $2022 an ounce, and I get gold catching up, you know, it's kind of interesting. Gold didn't move at all, you know, the last couple of days when the dollar was getting smoked, bottom line dollars up a buck 38, but gold's catching up, as is silver. Gold's up 29 cents, $24.25 an ounce, light sweet crude flat, $77.83 a barrel, notes and bonds. You get the 10-year note, trading up 3 ticks at $108.30, the 30-year down 6 at $1.1520, and we get the 10-year right now, folks, at 4.4. Bottom line is that it was 5.02 as the high, and $king dollar, $king dollar right now trading up $136.103, $568.00 at $109.00, yen is trading at a price point of $148.00, the British Pounds at $125.00 to $1.00 US dollar. We get over to the spy, the bull, we've been dealing with this ABC structure up 462, man, bottom line, it wants it, you know, so we'll see how this is going to get here, but we certainly just, we haven't stopped, and you've got to remember something, I'll go through this when the program starts, but Thanksgiving, and particularly on the Friday in Thanksgiving, I have seen them run the market like in an extraordinary way, and guess what, that could have happened in two seconds flat because it's going to be an ill-liquid market, they want to run this market, they can run that market right, oh my god, I mean, yeah, forget it, I mean, I'm talking in a monster way, now that being said, now check this out, you know, Microsoft, OpenAI, the whole bit, what's been going on, well, Microsoft now is in an ABC structure up, you're at 372, Microsoft is a structure 417, and then of course we get, let's just go to the dollar because we get in video after the close out here, that's going to move the NDX100, you take a look at the dollar, the dollar bottom line, now the dollar's going for the bottom of its consolidation, which is the 99500 area, it ripped right through where it could have had some support, which was the 104 699, we're at 103 562, so bottom line is that you're going to, that the market is breathing room, that's the bottom line, but the lower the dollar goes, the more that the market is breathing room, and that just has to do with the aspect of how numbers work in general. Stay right there folks, we'll come right back to recap, we have the Dow, and that shows down 52, and that's like off 75, S&Ps off 9, we'll come right back.


The proposed hydrothermal carbonization, HTC, process is capable of converting off-specification compost and grape mark into dry and pelletized hydrocar. This process requires minimal energy input and can produce high-quality fuel at competitive prices. This article was authored by Mikayla Lucian and Luca Fiori.


Hi, my name is Jack Shearan. I completed my master's degree at Indiana University Bloomington. What most excites me about moving out to Vale is getting to work with all the world-renowned medical professionals at the Steadman Clinic and getting to explore all the different outdoor adventures that Vale has to offer.


Welcome folks, we have the Dow Industrial right now at $130 and as of 2.41, S&P is up $48. Gold contract up $7.80, trade at $21.66 an ounce. We have silver up $0.05, 24.54 an ounce, light sweet crude, flat $78.96 a barrel, notes and bonds. Ten-year note, up five ticks, $111.21, 30 year up three at $1.21. Now $1.21.21, how's that? And $King dollar, $King dollar down $547.6, $102.822, Euro 109, the end $148, British pound, $128 to one US dollar. We get over and take a look at the spy folks, bottom line to continue higher. The spy is in an ABC up to $521. Right now we're at $514, volume out here today $54 million, broke to new highs, you're over the last high, now check this out, the day before, the high that we actually made only had $48 million, but the day prior to that, that's the one you'd be taking to is $78 million. So you are going higher with a contraction of volume. We take a look at the cues, the cues out here, up $666, you're at $445, that's an ABC structure up to $453, and the cues, well they didn't break the high yet, you know, it will be a boom, yeah, we'll see where this shakes out. My take is that we're going to finish this ABC structure on the way up. We go into the gold contract, we take a look at the gold contract. Gold contract, you know, higher, you're getting a contraction right now though. That being said, you know, this has been strong, you had one, two, three, outside of today, well today we did 235,000 contracts. The four prior days, you're up in the 300 level. And it's all about right here, the king dollar man. So we're going to have jobs numbers out tomorrow, which are going to affect the king dollar. And right now my take is we're going downtown, man.  So what I'm thinking, guess what, no matter what we see in the CPI tomorrow, I mean the jobs number tomorrow night, I mean tomorrow morning looks to me like we're going to finish this week off at a higher price. Does that ABC want the finish? Have a great one folks, have a safe one, come back and visit Tommy tomorrow morning, kicks us off 9 a.m. Great show folks.


Yes, so my name is Manuel Chakravati. I've been involved in programming languages and compilers and similar topics for a long time. I've been interested in this already at university. I've done my PhD thesis in the area. Then subsequently, I've started together with another personal research group at the University of New South Wales in Sydney. We've built this out to the most influential programming languages group in Australia over the years. Our work was very much in functional programming, type systems, programming language theory, compilers, high performance computing. That kind of space has always been very fascinating to me and the connection between the human programmer and the machine which has to actually execute the code and how to make it easier for humans to write computer programs. Recently, I've relocated from Sydney to Utrecht in the Netherlands. I've moved from academia to industry, partially because I think functional programming is ripe for the mainstream now. I think software development methodologically can benefit a lot from the results we've developed over the years in academia. I'm particularly excited to work on this inside IHK because my understanding is that people here really appreciate this vision of taking foundational scientific research and turning it into industrial practice. So the same on the programming languages front instead of just doing some random ad hoc programming language like many other people, many other companies here at IHK. The effort is really to build something from the ground up in a way that is based on good science and which will be able to withstand the test of time. So here at PlutusFest, I'm going to introduce the overall Plutus architecture and in particular highlight what's special about Plutus. Why? Why didn't we just take something existing? Why did we go out of our way and invent a new contract development platform? And it comes down to essentially three different things. First of all, and that's really at the core in this space, blockchain programming, safety and security is paramount. And with always with computer security, it is nothing you can add to a system in our posteriori. You have to build it into the system from the ground up. Security and safety has to be an integral part. So that's why we base our system on functional programming, on programming language research, on advanced type systems, because that allows us to bring this safety and security really as a core aspect into the whole development methodology. So that's our focus number one. That's really the thing we cannot compromise on. Then secondly, Cardano is in a special place because it is based on a superior ledger architecture, based on the idea of unspent transaction output. So the system which was seemingly introduced by Bitcoin, and it is really from a data structure point of view, the NYTA system when you compare it to account-based systems. But the question is, with Bitcoin we have very weak scripting capabilities. Now can we use this ledger architecture, which is superior, and enhance it with scripting capabilities which are matched for systems like Ethereum. And we have spent quite a long time studying this problem and coming up with a way to, with what we are calling the extended UTXO ledger, where we preserve the same good proven structure and we annotate it a little bit. We make it more powerful to get these new scripting capabilities. That's the second one. And then for number three, generally when you're talking about writing smart contracts, distributed applications, you're really talking about two levels at which you have to work on the blockchain and in the wallet of the user outside of the blockchain. And previous systems, they have handled this as separate things and that makes it complex. You have to use multiple programming languages. The connection between them is quite ad hoc. It's a fragile system. So what we've done, we've integrated it into one system with one programming language using another result from programming language research, the idea of staged or meta programming to tie the two together in a principled way, where we can use advanced type systems to check the consistency between the code at the different levels. So that's the three things we have at the core, this focus on safety and security. We support the UTxO ledger architecture and have extended it to improve the scripting capabilities. And finally we have this integrated system which covers both on and off chain computations in one system. So why can't we just take Haskell because there's infrastructure missing? For example, for blockchains you have these on-chain computations on the actual blockchain, you have these off-chain computations at the wallet level. And for them to talk to each other, on one hand you need some infrastructure, some libraries to achieve this communication, but also in the tooling you need tooling that generates code where the on-chain code is quite specific. You don't generate normal machine code or the typical output which you get out of a compiler and run it on the blockchain, but on the blockchain you have your own code format. In our case this is Plutus Core, which is designed to be easy to reason about being able to implement in a way that we are actually confident we've implemented it correctly. And for this you need tooling. So most of the time in the Plutus team we've spent on A, devising this overall system, be implementing tooling on top of the existing Haskell tooling to perform the task which you only need to do on a blockchain, but not for a normal Haskell program. And then also to think about the interfaces, what kind of library interfaces do we want to give to Plutus developers to make it easy for them to write these applications because sure they could just use naked Haskell, but then there's a lot of infrastructure they would have to develop for themselves and it would be very useful for everybody to do that. So we provide that infrastructure so the Plutus developers can just use the infrastructure we provided. Yeah, so I've always been interested in programming languages and compilers. It's kind of the connection between the person, the developer, and the machine which at the end of the day has to do what the developer wants it to do. Well, at least the developer wants the machine to do exactly that and nothing else. Historically, people used to have to write code in the language of the machine and we slowly moved away from that and we moved programming languages closer to languages which are suitable for humans rather than trust machines. And so in a sense, it's user interfaces for developers and I've always been interested in user interfaces and I've always been interested in developing. So that puts really the two together. And so it's fascinating to me how can we provide a good programmer user interface for programming blockchains and blockchains are so new, people really haven't thought about this much. At least if you look at the existing systems, they are from my point of view quite coupled together at hoc systems where nobody really thought about this much. They thought about well let's get it to work, but not let's get it to work and also make it nice. So the ability, the opportunity to provide a new and nice interface for developers, that's something which I find very interesting. But then I consider myself a scientist and I've spent most of my career working at universities. But I think for science it's really important to think about where we can use that science and how can we explain that science to people outside of academic institutions. And so the topic I've spent most of my research life on functional programming is now at a place where I think we can make this move. We can take it from the academic ivory tower, if you like, to industrial applications, explain to developers in general why that's a good way of developing software. And that's really what I want to do. And with IHK has always had this aspiration to work together with scientific institutions, have everything based on peer-reviewed research, and really bridge that gap from scientific research to actual application. So being able to work in an environment where this is a general understanding of the organization, of the individual people in the organization, that that's the right way to do things as opposed to just do something at hoc and then look at it later and see that well actually we could have done that better. That really is something which I find super exciting about Plutus, but the whole Cardano project in general. There is a lot of hype about blockchain, smart contracts, whatever. And there are a lot of people making exaggerated claims and so on. So in this environment it's sometimes it's hard to see what's the valuable core, what's hype and what's real. And I think being a computer scientist, for me, it's quite natural to approach it from that perspective. So from a computer science perspective, what's the real novelty here? And what it comes down to is really a general infrastructure for concurrent and distributed computing. And of course you could say well we already have concurrent and distributed systems, that's true. But if you think back to networks, then for a long time computer networks have been quite fragmented. The EBM had its network, HP had its network. Many other companies we don't know anymore because they went bankrupt in the meantime, had their own networks and they were all not really talking to each other, but of course it was network computing. But everything changed with the internet. Why? Because people settled on a common infrastructure and suddenly you could talk to each other. And I think we are possibly in a similar situation again, but now we're not talking about communication, we talk about shared computation and trust. And so how can we have a concurrent and distributed system where we can have trust and consensus despite lack of a central authority from an architectural point of view? And this is, to me, this is fundamentally the question that blockchains and distributed ledgers are trying to solve. And having such a system is very valuable because there are a lot of applications which currently can only be realized using central authority. And for anybody who's ever done any distributed computing, in a distributed computing lecture for example, the first thing you tell your students, if there's anything central in this system, throw it away because it's not going to scale. And we have seen this over and over and over again with distributed systems. So if we are able to pull this off, to have true distributed systems where we don't need central authorities for trust, but we can use a distributed ledger, a blockchain to achieve that instead, then we can achieve scalability beyond anything we can do at the moment. And that opens many different applications not only because trust in central authorities is always localized, it has to build from recognizing this authority, which will always only be true for a certain community. And then again, your ability to spread through the whole globe is not given anymore. And we saw this with the internet. Again, suddenly we had something everybody agreed on, this is the infrastructure and boom, we could do all these things that these fragmented systems couldn't do.


All right, the last concept that we're gonna consider to generalize the notions of set and Boolean, of set algebra and Boolean logic is the idea of a complement. What does a complement mean? Well, complements are kind of like inverses when it comes to, when it comes to lattices but they're not exactly the same thing. So let me give some motivation what's going on here. So if we have some like power set of a set X when we look at unions and intersections, every set has a complement. That is, if you take some subset A of X, then its complement is the set difference, right? Everything that's in X that's not in A. We have this notion of set difference. We can all, sometimes these are denoted as A prime or AC. There's a lot of different notations you could use in that situation. When it comes to Boolean logic, we also have a complementary situation that is you have negation. So if you have some type of primitive statement P, so this is a statement that's either true or false, then we take not P in that situation. So not is this idea of a complement. And so we can have complements with sets, we can have complements in logic. So we have this not P in that situation. We can do that in general for lattices if you have a complement. And so now we're ready to define the idea of a Boolean algebra. So suppose we have a bounded distributive lattice. Distributive lattice means that meet and join distribute across each other. Bounded means that all the two operations both have identities for which we call those identities zero and one, the identity of join is zero, the identity of meet is one. We're then gonna introduce a new symbol here, which would just a little tick mark there, a little prime notation. This is the complementation map. And so then a Boolean algebra will be a set with three operations now. So we have two binary operations and now this unary operation called complementation. So it's a distributive bounded lattice. So with regard to meets and joins your associative commutative all elements, right? I'm potent for both operations. We have absorption, we have distributive laws, which again some of those principles are redundant when you have all of these axioms but we'll talk about that some other time perhaps the bounded means you have identities. A Boolean algebra is a bounded distributive lattice for which we now have the complement axiom that if you take x join its complement, you get back one and this happens on both sides, okay? And the complement also has the property that x meet x prime, its complement is equal to zero that happens on both sides. Now when you look at this naively this kind of feels like the inverse axiom that we have for groups that an element operated upon by its special companion gives you back the identity. So it looks like it's the inverse axiom but one has to look past the obvious and look at the subtle business here. One is equal to the meet identity, okay? It's not the join identity. In fact, the meet identity has an interesting property. We've proven this already that if I take x join one, which is the meet identity, this is always equal to one, right? And conversely, if I take zero, which is the join identity the join identity has the property that if you take x meet zero, this is always equal to zero. So what's interesting here is if you take the identities of a lattice, of a bounded lattice, their identities with respect to their operations but they're absorbing their dominant elements with regard to the other direction. You have this dominant term, right? That x join one, it doesn't matter what x is you always get back one and x meet zero is always equal to zero. This is not something we ever see in groups. There's no such thing as a dominant element in a group but in rings this happens all the time. Zero is a dominant element with regard to, it's a dominant element with regard to multiplication. And that's because it's the additive inverse and this is actually a consequence of the distributive property. That because of the distributive property the additive inverse has to be a dominant element with respect to multiplication. Now in rings, distribution only goes one direction. Multiplication distributes over addition and in ring we don't have addition distributes over multiplication. But in a distributive lattice we actually expect it to go in both directions. If you only have one direction you actually can force the other direction. We just saw that in the previous video. And so that tells us that the other identity has to be distributed, since it distributes has to be dominant with respect to the other operation. And you don't even need the distributive laws. We can actually prove this using absorption that we've saw before. Cause when we talk about bounded lattices the bounded lattice we don't necessarily have the distributive law we do have absorption. And that still will give you this condition that the identity of one operation is a dominant element of the other operation. Okay. So getting back to compliments here. So when it comes to a compliment your compliment doesn't give you back the identity like an inverse does the compliment gives you the dominant element. So the dominant element of join is one the identity is zero the dominant element of meet is zero the identity element is actually one in that situation. So the compliment is sort of like the opposite of an inverse the compliment gives you the dominant element of the operation not the identity for which you can think of the identity as like the recessive element it never shows up when you operate but the dominant element always shows up in that situation. So compliments you combine an element of the compliment to get the dominant element.  And so let's look at some examples to try to grab this idea of a Boolean algebra. A Boolean algebra is a bounded distributive lattice with compliments, okay? So Boolean logic is sort of like the poster child of a Boolean algebra, right? That's why they're both called Boolean the name after Boole of course for which in Boolean algebra, excuse me, in Boolean logic you have your two elements true and false you have your operations of or and and and then compliments have to do with not and this will satisfy the axioms of a Boolean algebra in set algebra. You also have a Boolean algebra structure where X is any set, find our infinite doesn't matter. You take unions and intersections and you can take compliments. So X compliment your set. We have a little placeholder right there. So the set difference from the total set this compliment is your operation for complimentation there that's gives you a Boolean algebra structure. We've also talked a lot about divisor lattices. Divisor lattices are always gonna be bounded distributive lattices but they're not necessarily Boolean algebras and the issue comes down to complimentation because if you're a distributive lattice if the number is square free square free means that you don't have any repeated prime divisors. If you're square free then the compliment of a divisor is just in divided by that divisor, okay? So if you did something like, you know the lattice for 30, okay? What happens there? Well, look at the divisors with two prime look at the divisors, two prime divisors you get things like six and 10 and 15. Like so, you're gonna get two and three and five and then one at the bottom, look at this and then this would be our lattice here a little bit sloppy, I apologize there but this does in fact give us a Boolean algebra. We've already talked about distribution and bounded identities beforehand but you look at like six six has a compliment it's gonna be five and the idea here is six and five multiplied together gives you 30 and the two are co-prime with each other. If you look at two the compliment of two is equal to 15 in the situation because 15 is 30 divided by two there's no repeated primes.  What goes wrong of course if you have a repeated prime let's take like 24 for example if you look at the divisor lattice for 24 it has as divisors eight and 12 we have four and six we have two and three and then one a little crowded at the bottom sorry about that. We're gonna get a picture that looks something like the following. So let's consider the element two in this situation. To be a compliment what we need is that when we join two with its compliment you get 24 but when then you meet two with its compliment you get back one. Now in order to, since one is the minimal element to be a compliment you have to be co-prime that is the GCD has to be equal one. Well who's co-prime to two? Well you can take one itself or three okay but when you take the joins in this case the LCM of one and two is just two that's not 24 and when you take the LCM of two and three you get back six and it doesn't quite work. So two doesn't have a compliment in this situation. Four has a compliment you would take in that situation I take that back you don't have a compliment either. Four is the only thing it's co-prime two would be three that gives you back a one but when you combine them together you get 12 so it doesn't quite work. Eight has a compliment that's what I meant to say eight and three are going to be compliments to each other because their GCD is one but their LCM is 24 but you have things like four and 12 aren't going to be they don't have compliments because they don't have the maximum number of twos. 24 factors as two cubed times three since four and two are lacking the maximum number of twos you don't get compliments in that situation. So a divisor graph has a compliment if and only if it has it has compliment if and only if the divide the whole number in here is square free.


You get nervous. You get anxious. You don't know what to say.  If that's you, watch this video all the way through. It's absolutely going to help you. This is a video I wish I would have seen when I started my business. And if you are a coach or a trainer looking to grow your business, make sure you subscribe to this channel. We have at this point, I believe, over 415 YouTube videos. We have 250 or 260 different podcasts. We're interviewing coaches all the time that are really successful. This is the channel for you if you want to grow your business. So make sure hit subscribe so you update with all the new videos that we post. Now with that being said, let's go into the meat and potatoes here. All right. So what do you do on these calls? How do you become more confident? How do you know what to say? How do you start closing more deals? Well, first, what we need to do is we need to approach these calls like something that's very important. All right. And let me show you two examples. Example number one, I could be eating dinner with my wife tonight. And I hear my phone go off. It's in the other room. All right. We hear it ring. I go chase down my phone. I pick up and it's a prospect. And I have food in my mouth. I'm trying to figure out should I take this call or not. But it's too late because I just answered the phone. And now I'm very caught off guard. All right. When that happens, and I will tell you coaches and trainers, a very high percentage of coach and trainer do what I'm talking about. They get on unprepared calls. Now, if this was like actually prepped way before the call, my call is scheduled. I'm scheduled in the call with the prospect. I'm calling them at the exact time that I say I'm going to call them five at 2 p.m. call. I'm going to be dialing at 2 p.m. And I'm calling that and I've already scheduled it. Alright, so you need to take it serious. That's number one. Alright, number two, right when the prospect picks up the call, one of the first things that you should be doing is say their name. Right. We should know their name because they've already filled out a form either on our website or our application page stating what their name is. Alright, so we already have that information. But we should state their name and you should state their name many times throughout the call. That shows them that you are giving them the attention. Alright, the next thing on the call, you need to be excited. You can't just be like, Hey, how's it going? I hope you're doing good today. You can't just be all monotone on these calls. You need to be excited. They are raising their hands saying they want their child to train with you. So you better be excited. Alright, and if it's not scheduled, it's gonna be hard to be excited when you have like spaghetti in your mouth when you're eating dinner. Hey, can't do that. That's why it's got to be scheduled. Alright, gotta set the tone, state their name, be excited. Then we need to move into the actual call here. So let's start off by framing the call. And what do I mean by that? Well, that means right when you get on the call, you establish their name. You've already clearly done that. You establish your excitement level. And then we frame the call. And what I mean by that is very simple. That means one of the first things that we say is, Miss Jones, are you free for the next 20 to 30 minutes? Now, when you do that, you are telling Miss Jones, who's the prospect, hey, this call is going to take 20 to 30 minutes. And I know it's gonna take that long because I'm in control of the call. That's one thing that you should be doing every single time. Now, your calls might not take 20 to 30 minutes, but you need to frame the amount of time that it's going to take. So the prospect has an expectation level that this is serious. This is going to take time. Right. And the more you do that on these calls, the easier it is because that dictates who's in charge of the call. Whoever does that always dictates that. All right, you dictate the pace of the call. From the very beginning, when you say how long this is going to take. All right, then from there, we need to have questions. You can't just go into the call and sell your program. That's not how you're going to make more sales. That's not how you're going to close more clients. You need to have pre qualification questions. And I know if you like actually want to take it to the next level with that, you should use our script that's inside of our coaching program. I mean, I can just tell you from the last 12 months, right, the last 12 months, that script that we have, right, I'm not going to say it's the best script in the role. But that script has generated multiple millions of dollars from coaches that are in our program over the last 12 months. Right. So it works. And that script pre qualifies parents prospects to become clients period. There's it's not fancy. We have specific questions that we ask. Right. But you need to be able to pre qualify your prospects to become in clients. And this means that you do very little talking, you ask a question, let them talk. And what I've noticed is on these sales calls, the less I talk, the less you talk, the better the call goes. If you're just yapping away about where you played college basketball, where you played college soccer, or how good you were when you were younger, no one cares about that. Your prospect does not care about you. They care if you can help them. Can you solve their problem? Yes or no, if you can't, and you're just talking about yourself. That's really a waste of their time. If you start asking them questions that are directed towards them. And in this case, it'd be their child. And we start honing in on why do they struggle. We start talking about that in these calls. Now you're getting your prospect to open up and share why they need your help. Right. Then when you get towards the end of the call, this is where organization and knowing a product is just very key, right? When you get to the end of the call, you want to be able to present the right type of program for them. And because you ask the right questions, what you're doing is your ultimate you're becoming the doctor, and the doctor is going to prescribe the right medicine. And what you're going to do is as a trainer, you're going to prescribe the right program based on what they need help with. Right. And with that, then you're going to have options.  This way you're not fumbling around. You're clear on your price, you're clear on what the commitment level is. You're clear on what your expectations of them are. They're clear of everything by this point. And once you get there, then you clearly lay out the investment options that they choose from. And from there, they choose one of the options, or they choose not to join at all. Alright, it's very simple. What I've seen, and this is very important that you know this, the best closers that I've been able to work with over the past five years, since I've been coaching coaches with their business. They're about 20 to 35% in their closing ratio. So that means that they talk to five prospects today, they're absolutely going to be closing at least one of those. Right. At least one of those. But those are clients that are committing to six to 12 month contracts. These are, these are clients that are investing around three to $10,000 in an annual program. Alright, so that's a lot. So imagine talking to every five prospects you talk to, you're closing at least one, and they're paying a lot more for your service. That's what I feel very confident I can help you with. Right. But there's other things that you need to be doing on this call. And here's one of them. You need to always use the word commitment. That is something. If you want, like really committed clients, you need to ask them how committed is your child? If I were to have them do anything outside of our session, would they be committed to do it? Miss, Miss Jones? Are you using that word? Are you using that word at the end of the call? And why would I tell you use that word? Well, it's very simple. I pretty much just explained it. When you want someone to commit to your program, you need to find out how committed they are. If they're not committed, why would we offer them to be a part of your program that's a six to 12 month commitment, that's just not going to work flat out. Right. So you need to start using that word all the time. So if you're watching this, and you know you're struggling with sales, here's what I'm doing. And this is only associated with this video. All right. What I'm going to do is I'm going to be setting up 10 to 15 minute calls. And these are sales coaching calls. Right. And what I'm going to be doing is I'm going to walk through with you. All right. What's your offer? How do you have this set up? How are you selling it? I'm going to give you some tips and these are free. There's no strings attached to you. And what I want to do is I want to show you how you can draw in more committed clients, but we're going to look at what your process is right now so I can show you what the tweaks are. And if you want to jump on one of these calls, it's very specific. Right. Give you two steps here. First, I want you to text me at this phone number. It's going to pop up up here.  This way I know what this is about. And when you do that within 24 hours, we will jump on a quick call 10 to 15 minutes. And I'll show you some of the gaps. And when we go through these gaps, you're going to be able to charge more. You're going to be able to draw more committed clients. And I feel very confident when you implement those things, you're going to want to work with me on a deeper level in the future, because I know straight up these tactics, these strategies will help you grow your business. So that's it. Make sure to send me a text to 109605771. We'll hop on a quick call and we're going to look at your sales process. That's it for today's video. I'll see you later.