Siar flwy mwythwp ond Saturday, how's everybody feeling ahead of that? Yeah, I'm looking forward to it, obviously I'm disappointed last week. We went two games in a row now, we won a lot and ended up losing a side. So we know it's going to be a difficult test, but we stick together and believe we can get three points. How is the mood at the moment based on that, like you say, last two games we've gone up in both of them and ended up losing both of them? Is it still confident on the back of that or is it difficult to pick our heads up in a sense? Yeah, just frustrated. With the ability to score goals against teams just now about shutting up shop and being more resilient. And if we can get that, it's going to put us in good stead and hopefully move us up the table. A few weeks now with Stuart and Kenny back, as manager, how have you enjoyed it with it? Obviously being Stuart somebody who signed you in his previous spell here, has it been good to be around him again and be around Kenny again? Yeah, I think the gap was always bubbly, he was like that. Two years going to rise here. And it's probably what we needed. So yeah, the lads are all enjoying it, where there's been obviously difficult to deal with, but not everyone's enjoying training and looking forward to getting it out in the pitch and we just want to get results right now. We've got probably half the performance going forward at the threat and scoring goals. It's just about, as I said, once we get that goal, we're about shutting up shop. Talk about his personality, is that similar like you mentioned to how he was last time on which does that rub off on you as players when you're coming in and there's somebody, a charismatic sort of character managing you like that, I suppose it has a good effect on you as well? The 100% pause of mind or pause of the vibes, it rubs off on everybody, you take out on the pitch then and then you take out on a Saturday. So yeah, the gap straightway call has always been like that since I was here before.  People are looking forward to coming to training and, as I said before, we're just focusing on Saturdays now and games and trying to get that three points. Last time we were at home, three points against Stevenage, two goals for yourself. You're looking forward to continuing that good run of form hopefully and maybe getting a few more on Saturday coming?  So yeah, I just want to get in the pitch and contribute to games and I feel like I score goals in this team and under the gaffer. I think it's that I've played through to me and yeah, just looking forward to games now and trying to get a few more goals. Plymouth, the side are really sort of picked up of late right up there in fourth, I think only a few points off the top of the table are we expecting a difficult game there against them. 100% you know every game in this league is difficult, but this is going to be even more difficult. They're a good side, we paired them earlier on this season, I wasn't there but I was injured but the lad said they're a good football on the side and they beat us on the day and all the way we're disappointed in how we played. We knew they were a good side and we knew they'd be up there towards the back end of the season and it's going to be difficult, yeah, but it's a challenging relish and we're all looking forward. How much of an opportunity is that for us really to sort of stay at credentials if we are still serious about getting that playoff place, if we can get a result against them surely that means that we're still willing to offer a statement as to what we can do this season really. 100% yeah, if we beat Plymouth you know there's not many teams better than Plymouth in this league so you can beat anyone really, so it's all about getting off to a good start like we have done and we know we're capable of that and then it's about as I said before shutting up shop. We're shutting up shop and we're working that in training so hopefully all come to fruition.


Hello and welcome back to The Craft Box. My name's Brent and today I am back from a bit of a break that I've had. So as you know, there hasn't been many videos recently. I've got a good excuse for that. I've been very busy. But I'm just here to tell you that there'll be more videos coming from tomorrow. There'll be the Pirate 101 walkthrough coming back. For episode number 68, we also will finish that series this month, which is kind of sad. So if you have any suggestions of what you want me to see, what you want to see my musketeer do after the walkthrough is finished, please leave them down in the comments because I have no clue what I want to do with them. So yeah, we will also be this time definitely bringing back the Road to 100 series and possibly some more stuff coming soon. If you followed me on Twitter, you might have seen a sneak peek of something that's coming soon. So go and follow me on Twitter for random things. Also, I told you on Twitter first that I wouldn't be posting videos. I kind of just left YouTube like all of a sudden. It was kind of, yeah, kind of silent. But yeet, so there'll be new videos coming from tomorrow, new series, more videos, old series returning, all the things coming soon. So yeah, stay tuned. Thank you for watching and remember to leave a like and subscribe. And if you've already subscribed, press the wee little like button so you know exactly when the next video comes. Craft Outside the Box.


Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unizor Education. Continuing talking about theory of probabilities, I would like to present a couple of more examples of probabilistic problems. Everything which is on this lecture is just part of the whole course of advanced mathematics presented on Unizor.com. Every lecture has notes. Many problems are presented over there. And for registered students, there are exams which you can take. Everything is free. So I do suggest you to go to the website and maybe start with reading the notes which are presenting these problems I'm going to discuss. Try to solve them yourselves. That's very, very important to even if you don't solve it, at least think about how to solve these problems. And then listen to the lecture, after which I suggest you to do again, just go through the notes, read the problems and try again to recreate the solution on your own. Alright, so let's go to this particular lecture. And we are talking about lottery. I have three different problems related to the lottery. And again, this is just an example of how the probability can be used. I'm not going to go into all the intricacies of all the different lottery games, etc. I will consider only one game, which is probably one of the first ones. And the rules are, there is a random drawing of six numbers out of 49. So out of these 49, six are winning. So there is some kind of a public process, public event, when these six numbers are chosen from 49, like balls or whatever, and they're picked from the set of all the balls from 1 to 49 using some kind of a machine or whatever. So this is the random drawing. Now, before that, people who would like to participate in the game, they are purchasing tickets where they have 49 different numbers and they mark six numbers the way how they want to. After which, when the drawing is done, they check if the numbers they choose correspond to the number which were drawn by this machine, by the drawing machine. And depending on the number of the numbers which are the same on a ticket and among these six winning numbers, well, there is a certain amount of sum which you can win. And well, if you don't get two or more numbers properly guessed, so if it's zero or one, you lose your initial investment into the ticket. So the cost of ticket is completely lost. Starting from two winning numbers, which you have properly guessed out of these six, the ticket is considered as a winning ticket and the price depends on how many numbers two or above are properly guessed. Okay, so my problem right now is what's the probability of guessing K winning numbers. So again, you buy a ticket on one ticket. We're talking about one ticket right now. So you buy a ticket, you mark six numbers. Later on, there is a drawing which basically draws six numbers using this machine, whatever. And then the probability of K numbers out of whatever six you have marked on your ticket to correspond to the winning numbers picked by the machine. All right, first of all, when we're talking about probabilities, we have to talk about two different things which are very important, which is sample space, which is all the elementary events which might happen. And then we have to talk about events or event or events which we are interested in. So this is all elementary events. And this is only certain elementary events which satisfy certain condition which we are looking for. And after that, the ratio between this and this, so if you will divide this by this, you will get the probability. That's basically a definition of probability based on the frequency theory which we addressed before. All right, so what are our all elementary events and what are events we are interested in? So let's consider the chronological order. First, you buy a ticket and you mark six numbers. That process actually fixes the six numbers. You have basically say, okay, this, this, this, these are my predictions. And they are fixed at the moment when the drawing really occurs. When the drawing occurs, there can be this outcome or that outcome, basically any combination of six numbers out of 49 can be the winning combination of numbers. So we have as many elementary events as many different combinations of six numbers out of 49 we can draw from this, from this machine, which is obviously number of combinations from 49 by six. So this is the total number of elementary events where elementary event is a particular set of six numbers chosen by the drawing process. Each of these is exactly the same as far as its chances as any other. So if there are so many elementary events, we are assuming that they're all equally chanced. So they all have exactly the same probability. And since the total probability is equal to one, the total of probability of some number coming up, some set of six numbers coming up. Obviously, the sum of these should be equal to one, which means that the probability of one single event, elementary event, is equal to one over number of combinations from 49 by six. So this defines our sample space. And all elementary events are defined this way and we have a probability of each elementary event. Now we have to consider what events actually correspond to whatever our interest is. Our interest is k elements, k numbers should correspond between whatever has been drawn and whatever we have fixed before this drawing by marking certain numbers on the ticket. All right? Okay, how can we calculate that? Marking six numbers on the ticket actually breaks the all 49 different numbers into two groups. Group number one, our six numbers, which we marked on the ticket, and group two, all others, all other numbers. So there are six numbers here and 43 numbers in the second group. So we have marked six numbers and these numbers correspond to the group. They form the group one and the other 43 numbers, which we did not mark, are in the group two. Now what actually is the event of having exactly k numbers properly guessed? It means that for elementary event, as we know it, we have chosen one elementary event, a set of six numbers picked by the drawing machine. Out of these six, k is supposed to be from group one. These are the numbers we marked in the ticket. And other, so it should be k from group one and other six minus k should be from the group two. So all we have to do right now is basically count how many different combinations we can make. We can pick six numbers in such a way that k out of these six will belong to this group and other six minus k belong to this group. And this is obviously the, so how many different combinations from six by k? This how many? This many, all right? So from this group of six numbers which we have marked, k must be among winning. So basically the number of the elementary events, number of sets of six numbers which have this property is this one. And with each of these we can have this many events which have the other six minus k winning numbers picked from the group which we have not marked. So basically the combination of these, which is a product actually because for each of these we can have all of these, this is the number of different elementary events, different sets of six numbers which basically comprise our event we are interested in when k numbers are among six in the group one and six minus k in the group of not marked. And obviously since we know the number of events which we are interested in is this number and we know the all, the number of all elementary events which we have just talked about we have to divide the number of events we are interested in by the number of total events. Actually sometimes it's presented as division of number of well good events or events we are interested in, elementary events divided by the total number or which is equivalent we can say that this is the number of events which we are interested in multiplied by the probability of each event which is exactly the same thing. Since all events are equally probable all elementary events are equally probable and this is the probability so multiplying by the probability is exactly the same as divided by the number of events and this is the answer. But now let me approach this problem slightly differently it's like a second solution which is completely equivalent to this one. Now instead of buying a ticket marking the ticket with six different numbers waiting for a drawing of the numbers which is a public event actually it's usually on the TV or something like this let's reverse the sequence of events. First we draw six numbers from this drawing machine whatever but keep it secret from this particular guy who is buying a ticket then he bought a ticket and then he marked this ticket as whatever six numbers he has chosen and then we checked which numbers are the same and which ones are different. Now what's the difference actually? Well on one hand there is absolutely no difference because instead of having the ticket as the first primary chronological event which fixes six numbers and then considering the results of the drawing as elementary event we can actually do a completely reverse logic we can say that okay we have drawn six numbers from this you know using this drawing machine fixed these numbers we just don't tell this to the guy and the guy bought tickets and he randomly filled the six numbers marked in this ticket and then we compare there is absolutely no logical difference among these two things but in the first case we consider the ticket as fixed and the drawing as random as a random event in the second approach we consider the drawing as fixing six numbers and then filling the ticket as a random event basically and the result will be also the result will be the same absolutely because there is no difference between these things this is a picking of six numbers out of 49 and this is picking of six numbers of 49 in this case we are interested in k numbers being from group one and others six minus k from group two and in that case so it's basically exactly the same thing why did I mention this second approach because in another problem it will be actually used and it will be simpler to use that approach actually there is a third approach let's consider an elementary event as picking both six numbers in the drawing machine and six numbers in the in the ticket in which case the number of different combinations would be this square because I will have I will have that many different outcomes from the drawing and that many outcomes of the marking six numbers on the ticket but again you can consider it this way so that would expand the number of elementary events but it will also expand the number of events when the numbers k numbers coincide with each other and you will get exactly the same answer so my point is that there are many approaches you can use to pick one or another sample space set of elementary events and whatever now whatever way you choose should really be I mean if it's all correct ways of course you should really get the same results all right so let's go to the second problem second problem is just slightly more difficult and it's about two tickets let's say you bought two tickets but you feel them in in such a way that there are no equal numbers which you are filling these tickets so it's 12 different numbers on on two tickets six numbers and one six numbers or another and they don't coincide with each other and our our purpose is okay our purpose is to find the probability of losing both tickets now what does it mean to lose both tickets it means that one ticket should have zero or one no more than one numbers which are corresponding to the winning six numbers and the second ticket is supposed to have zero or one no more than one numbers corresponding to the winning tickets okay and we need the probability of this the way how I suggest to approach this problem is the following now again we consider our tickets to be primary so to speak and picking two tickets and marking these tickets with six numbers each basically makes certain division of all 49 numbers into in this case three groups right group number one is group number one six numbers from first ticket group number two six numbers from second ticket and group number three uh 37 numbers not marked on either ticket right so six six and thirty seven now what kind of events we actually should consider when both tickets are losing well here are event event which i um mark this way event zero zero six it means that out from the six winning numbers drawn from the from the machine winning machine we have zero numbers in the first group zero numbers in the second group and all six are other numbers which means all six winning numbers belong to the group which we uh did not mark at all another combination is when you have zero numbers winning numbers from the first group from the first ticket one number from the second and five numbers it should be six all together right so one from this group and five from this group it means that the second ticket has only one number corresponding to the winning and this one has none now another is one zero five which means that the first group the first ticket has one winning number properly guessed this one the second ticket has zero and all other five winning numbers from this group and finally one one four when you have one number one by this one number one for this ticket and other four winning numbers belong to this group so these are four events and there are no more other events so uh any other event means that i have two or more winning numbers in one of these groups and that means that the that the corresponding ticket would win something and we are not uh looking for this so only these four events we have to really count and all we need to do is the probability of each of them right so the probability can be counted as obviously as number of events which number of elementary events which fall into this event category all right and this is what if i have zero from the first group number of combinations is c six zero number of um combinations from six by zero times from six by zero for the second group and times from 37 by 6 for the third group now this one has zero from 6 by 0 for the first group from 6 by 1 for the second group and for 37 by 5 for the second now this has exactly the same thing just change the places and the last one i can pick a number of cars number of combinations from six by one one winning number from this one winning number from this and four winning numbers from this so these are number of combinations of elementary events which make up this this this or this event so if we add them up and divide by the total number of different combinations of uh elementary events different elementary events this is our sample space size um you will get the probability of this and uh it's basically the following so this can be simplified this one is one one and this is c 37 by six this is one this is six so it's six 37 by five this is also six uh 37 by five and this is six times six 36 37 by four so some of these divided by the total number of combinations i have counted is 0.71 so 0.71 is a probability of losing two tickets if you fill them up with all different numbers in the story and the third problem is somewhat similar to the first one but just a little bit more complicated uh you have uh also you have certain number of tickets which you buy now there is no restriction on how you fill them up you completely randomly fill them up each one of those and tickets okay and tickets and we are also looking about looking for losing these tickets so obviously the probability of losing all the tickets is diminishing as the number and grows because you're increasing your chances to win something right so my question is um what's the minimum number of tickets which you have to buy to reduce your probability below 50 percent below 0.5 so we are interested in less than 0.5 probability of losing all tickets losing means that every one of those wins either 0 or 1 winning number all right so how can i approach this now let's go back to the first problem if you remember i presented two different approaches considering your ticket as primary which fixes a certain number of uh numbers and then the the random process is uh drawing the winning numbers from this machine or alternatively you can draw the winning numbers first just don't tell it to the guy so he buys the ticket and feeling the ticket is basically the the random process which is completely equivalent to the previous one so in this case we will use the second approach because we are buying more the more than one tickets so it's not like two independent things um it's one drawing and and tickets so it's more convenient to have one drawing first but kept secret so it fixes a certain number of winning numbers so we have six fixed numbers they are the winners all right now we are buying and tickets one after another filling up randomly with whatever numbers we want and basically compare what what what's the uh result is and what what kind of elementary events would constitute the event that none of these is winning anything all right so this is easier because this gives us the chance to basically uh multiply the number of elementary events and here is why for one particular for one particular ticket well first of all let's talk about elementary events in this particular case since i'm buying and tickets and each ticket i fill up with six uh numbers so n n sets of uh let's call it strings of six numbers is an elementary event so my first ticket for instance gives me some numbers one number two number three four five and six this is my first ticket my first part of one long elementary event then we buy another ticket and we have another six numbers etc and then we have the n's ticket and n strings and each strings have each string has six numbers from from one to two to 49 each uh order actually is uh unimportant but all together this n strings where each string contains six numbers basically chosen from one to 49 uh is one elementary event okay that that's that's what my purchasing and tickets and filling them up randomly means all right now if this is an elementary event all we have to do is find out the number of elementary event when the first ticket is losing and the second ticket is losing and the n's ticket is losing all right which means that among these there are only zero or one common numbers with my six winning so i have six winning before the drawing was done right so in this i have to have no more than one so zero or one and we actually know it's um number of combinations from six uh by zero times number of combinations from four to three by six that's zero number of combinations in one particular string only plus by one and that would be this so either zero winning and all six belong to non-chosen amount here or one winning and five belongs to all others four to three so the sum of these is basically the number of different strings of the lengths six which are not really having more than one common numbers but now this also has the same number of losing strings right so this is a number of losing strings number one and this is a number of losing strings number two which is exactly the same and losing strings number n so i have to raise this to the n's degree because with each of these each of these each of these etc these are all different combinations and to find out the total of uh n strings uh with each of them being having you know this particular number of losing strings i have to multiply these all losing strings with every losing this string i have every losing this string and every losing that string so this is the number of elementary events which we are interested in and obviously the number of all the combinations when um we when we uh have uh all the different combinations of n strings with six numbers each well it's basically same thing again it's this to the n's degree because each string has that many different combinations right it's six out of 49 and if with each of these i have each of these with each of these and that's why i multiply them all together so if you will divide this by this you will get the answer to the problem which basically means that you have to have one ticket and and raise it to the to the power of n well that's basically it that that's my end of the lottery games i hope you are old winners and i'm sure actually you you you are if you if you understand whatever all these problems are about i do suggest you to read again the notes of this lecture and try again to recreate the solution it's written relatively in in details in in the notes for the lecture so you're welcome to go to unizord.com and review this lecture again it's very useful that's it thank you very much and good luck


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Shashi and I am going to help you to solve the following question. Question is, state whether the following statements are true or false. Justify if star is a commutative binary operation on n where n is the set of all natural numbers then a star bracket b star c is equal to c star b star a. First of all let us understand the key idea to solve the given question. A binary operation star on the set x is called commutative if a star b is equal to b star a for every a b belonging to set x. Now let us start with the solution. Now we know star is commutative binary operation on n. Therefore b star c is equal to c star b for every c b belonging to set n. b star c is equal to c star b we have used the key idea here. So let us name this equation as 1. Now we can write a star b star c is equal to a star c star b using equation 1. We know b star c is equal to c star b so a star b star c must be equal to a star c star b. Now a star c star b can be written as c star b star a. We are given in the question that star is a commutative binary operation on n. Here this is our a and this bracket is our b. So a star b must be equal to b star a that is what we have done here.  So the given statement is true. Thus our required answer is true. This completes the session. Hope you understood the session. Take care and goodbye.


Good health to you all from Rexall, a space show presented by the makers of Rexall drug products and 10,000 independent Rexall family drugists. Good evening, this is your Rexall family drugist, taking a little time from behind the prescription counter this Sunday evening to speak for all 10,000 of us. The 10,000 independent drugists who have added the word Rexall to our own store names. You can always tell us by the orange and blue Rexall sign on our windows. The sign means that we carry the 2,000 or more drug products made with the Rexall drug company. They range all the way from aspirin to penicillin and they're as fine and pure and dependable as science can make them. We independent drugists recommend them to our customers because we know you can depend on any drug product that bears the name Rexall. Good health to you all from Rexall. And now your Rexall family drugist brings you the Phil Harris Alice Faye show, written by Ray Singer and Dick Chevrolet with Elliott Lewis, Walter Tetley, Robert North, Jeanine Rousse and Whitfield. Walter Sharp and his music, yours truly Bill Foreman and starring Alice Faye and Phil Harris. This is the time of year when most people start thinking about their summer vacations. As yet, Phil and Alice haven't decided where they're going. Phil has made a suggestion, but Alice doesn't seem to be interested. Alice, what's so silly about spending our vacation in Kentucky? I don't mind Kentucky, but who wants to go on a two weeks tour through a distillery? I thought it might be educational. Honey, how about Hawaii? I want to see something historical and educational. What's Hawaii got that's historical and educational? Hula dancers. What's educational about a hula dancer? Well, that depends on what you're majoring in. I love the hula, honey. Why don't you learn to do it, Alice? Oh, I'm not the type. And besides, it's too difficult. What's difficult about it? All you do is put on a crop of grass, then you put on another crop of grass, and then you rotate the crop. You've just got to stop watching Milton Burl on television. And stop trying to influence me about Hawaii. You've got the house full of travel folders about it. You keep playing Hawaiian music, and I'm getting emotional. That ain't true. It ain't true. I'm not trying to influence anybody. Look, I'll tell you, the children are going with us, right? We'll leave it to them. Wherever they want to go, we'll go, all right? Girls, will you come in here, men and kids? No, no, don't forget, Phil. Wherever they want to go, we go. And we'll leave it entirely up to... Oh, hello, girls. Aloha, mother. Fine romance, Nathan, as you ska. Hello, fellas, please. Hawaii. Variegated coral reefs. Dr. Blue Pacific. Kids, they can't memorize nothing.  Who, me? You know, I wouldn't try to influence the children or tell them... Daddy? What is it, Leilani? The sarongs on now. No, no, never mind. Now, girls, you just run along and forget about it. All right, mommy. Uh, girls. Uh, haven't you forgotten something? Oh, that's right. Let's do it, Alice. Aloha. I'm not going to argue with you. I'll do anything you say. Where do you want me to go? Fire since his pediatrician gave him that booster shot. Well, maybe you have a suggestion. Phil and I are trying to decide where to go on our vacation. And I don't like the place Phil picked out. Naturally. Philip, where do you want to go for your hiatus? Well, I thought we could spend it at... Oh, let's back up a little raw. Lay that on me again. Hiatus. It's a word commonly used for vacation. Hiatus? Kind of like that. Very descriptive. I must remember to use it when I write my thesis. Are you planning to go this summer? Maybe it'll give us an idea. Hmm, I'm going to rough it. I'm packing into the rugged country with nothing but my camera and food supplies. Oh, it will be exciting. Yeah, I can see you now trekking through the wilds of Griffith Park. And with naught but brownie and deviled egg sandwich. Well, if I said I'm going to rough it. Okay, we'll leave the crust on the bread. I don't see why we can't go to Hawaii. Hiya, Curly. How about you, Remly? Well, aren't we in a churlish mood today? What's eating you? I got trouble. You see, I got a hiatus. Oh, you're really in trouble. You got a hiatus and a low hooper. I got my vacation. You know something I can't get Alice to agree to go to Hawaii? Maybe you can get her to go to Hawaii. Hawaii, Hawaii, what's the difference? A lot of difference. Curly, why doesn't Alice want to go to Hawaii? She says it's going to cost too much to take the whole family by boat. Yeah, it would cost a lot if you went on one of those big ocean liners. But it wouldn't cost you much if you had your own boat. Fine, and just where does one go to buy an ocean liner? I know a guy. Cut! Nothing from them con men you get mixed up with. I ain't gonna have to... HMS Petty Bone is not a con man. He happens to be a millionaire sportsman. He's got a $45,000 yacht and he's willing to let it go at cost. How much? $137.50. Oh, 10% off, huh? That's the down payment. You can buy it for $1,200. The guy showed me pictures of the boat. It's a beautiful sloop. It's called a flying mermaid and I think you ought to... No. What do you know about boats anyway? Plenty. My uncle has his own schooner. How big is it? Holds about two quarts. If you do hitchhike out here, you're in rare form today. You're gonna have to drop. I could have to have a talk with you. Holds about two quarts. Oh, that's funny, very funny. These are the jokes.  You know something? I know a guy who sold Humphrey Bogarty's yacht. Maybe he has a second hand one that I can pick up cheap. Let's go see him, huh, Remly? Why don't we go see HMS Petty Boat? We can look at the pictures of the flying mermaid. Remly, forget the flying mermaid. I ain't interested in the flying mermaid. I don't want the flying mermaid and you're not gonna talk me into it. Oh. Now come on, let's see if this friend of mine has a boat for me. I've got a surprise for you. What is it, Phil? Alice, our vacation problem is all solved. I bought a boat. You bought a boat? Yep, we are now the proud owners of the flying mermaid. Beautiful craft, Alice. Yeah, it's a sleep that sloops ain't. And it can be converted into a sloop that sleeps ain't. Yeah, and it's got a diesel engine and it sails and it's got a... Oh, gee, it sounds wonderful. I can't wait to see it. Neither can we. I mean, you bought a boat without seeing it? Oh, honey, I'm not a sucker. The guy showed me a picture. Yeah, here's the picture, Alice. Isn't she a trim craft? She looks beautiful. And she's all yours. I bought her for you, Mom. Much $500 down in monthly payments so small you won't even feel it. Well, that's the nicest present you've ever given me. And I hope I can afford it. Well, you shouldn't buy anything without seeing it. You're probably yours. Please. Now let's not waste time talking. Now go upstairs and get your coat on because we're all going down to the Harvard to see that boat right away. Alright, I'll be right back. Yeah. Hey, you and me is going to have a lot of fun on that slip, ain't we, Scooper? Touche, we are now even, lady. We'll take a trip around the world. We'll live like sailors with a girl on every port. Yeah, we'll have a girl in... Uh-uh, I'm a retired destroyer. Eight years ago, Alice put me in dry dock, right? Hey, but we'll still have fun, Remly. You know something I had a little dream about the ocean last night? I know what this is leading to, but I can't stop you, so go ahead. Last night, I dreamed that I was down in the bottom of the sea down in that sully water. I'm at a maiden fair where the cottage's there, a little FHA3 room job, but anyway, we had it. She had a tail of a fish for a train, but woo, now woo, how that gal could entertain. And what a time I had with Minnie, the mermaid, down in the bottom of the sea. I lost all my troubles in amongst the bubbles, why she was just as sweet as she could be. And every night when the starfish came out, I hugged and kissed her so.  Ouch, what a time I had with Minnie, the mermaid, down in the bottom of the sea. I lost all my troubles in amongst the bubbles, why she was just as sweet as she could be. And every night when the starfish came out, I hugged and kissed her so.  And I sing with delight as I spend most the night meet that billowy ocean with you. I'm asleep in the deep, so beware. Do you like my voice? Come on, kid, you can address me as Commodore Harris. Word before the investigators. Don't be so curt, hmm? Let's start the lads' feelings. Let's take them along. In case we do a little fishing, we can throw them overboard and use them for John. Hey, Julius, you can come along. Hey, Alice, you better hurry. We're all ready to go down to the dock. I don't know, honey. Hey, look, Julius, wait here in the car, and Frankie and I'll go down to find out where she's anchored. Come on, let's hurry, Commodore. Can't wait to see it. I wonder where it is. I don't see it anchored out there. Hey, wait. Hey, there's a guy I'll ask him. Who bought the flying mermaid? Where's she anchored? You bought the... Well, what's so funny? I just want to know where my boat is. Hey, Curly, look, there must be a submarine out there. See the periscope sticking out of the water? Yeah. Hey, mister, who does that submarine belong to? You. That periscope is the mast of the flying mermaid. That's my boat. Just the mast sticking out. He anchored it right on. Now it's down. What happened? That guy you took me and sold me that broken down sunken tub. Curly, don't jump to conclusions. It's because it's underwater. Don't mean it's no good. Might be in great shape. Why don't you dive down and inspect it? I'm glad you showed up, mister. That tub's been a menace to the harbor for two months, and we've been trying to raise it. Luckily, we expected to have it up in a couple hours, but you'll have to pay the salvage costs. I'm glad to, as long as we can get it up. Hey, Frankie. I believe she's gonna sail again. Now, look, if we can only keep Alice from seeing it until they get it up, she's not... What's taking you so long? Too late. Here comes the shore patrol. Try it out there, in the water. Gee, I can't wait to see what it looks like. How do I get on board? You have your choice of a swan dive or a jackknife. Well, there it is. Straight down there. Down? That's long water, doesn't she? Maybe a little waterlogged now, but it's a well-constructed craft, and it was built by Sir Thomas Lipton. What have they built that out of, soggy? They don't get upset. The man said they'll have the boat up in an hour. In the meantime, let's take a walk. Now, come on, cheer up. Hey, I'll tell you what. Why don't you sing? Oh, Phil, this is no time to sing. Alice, you rehearsed it. We gotta pay the band. They got a strong union. Lay it on me. Now, let me have it. Hey, let's walk out on this pier and see, huh? All right. Hey, the guy said he'd tie it right up here. Hey, Alice, be careful. This pier is in terrible condition. Plankings rotted. Oh, it's a fella we talked to. Hey, bud, did you raise my boat yet? Yes. Hey, Julius, how do you like my vessel? Ron, you want to go with us, don't you? Kid, are you a sissy? Are you afraid? Are you a coward? Then what is it? Yeah, at least start the engine for us.  Would you like to go on our boat's maiden voyage? Albuquerque. That's inland. This thing ain't going to run on land. Take this to about you and Frankie know nothing about navigation. Oh, hey, Frankie, did you hear that? Two years in the Coast Guard practically lived in whites. And she thinks that we don't know nothing about navigation. Silly girl. Yeah. Let's get started and show her. Okay. I'll batten down the barnacles. I'll tell you when the mast needs misoning. I'll give the orders. You stand on the bridge at the speaking tube and relay them to Julius. Aye, aye, sir. Stand by engine room. You didn't shinny up the mast as high as we did. Funny. Now, there's no more than a half inch of water in this boat. That's what we get for taking a short kid with us. All right, now we'll make it. Julius, get that engine. Go on. But right now, your Rexall family drugist has a customer. I've been wondering for a long time if you're ever going to run out of stories about the wonderful things that Rexall scientists do. Run out, my ma'am. I've hardly begun. For one thing, I haven't even started on the so-called little things that Rexall's men of science do to guard the quality of Rexall products. What do you mean by little things? Well, ma'am, here's an example offhand. The next time you buy a Rexall drug product that contains much glycerin, notice that the bottle has a white plastic cap. Why is that? Well, if the bottle had the usual metal cap, the glycerin in the product might turn it black. Now, this wouldn't injure the product in any way, but it would make the bottle cap a little unsightly. So, Rexall scientists take a little extra time and effort to design this nice plastic cap that will stay white and clean. Well, now there's something that even my children could understand. And they'd also understand that you can always trust the company that takes extra pains with all the little things. It's one of the big reasons why some 10,000 independent drugists have put the orange and blue Rexall sign on their windows. The sign means that we carry the 2,000 or more drug products made by the Rexall drug company. And every one of us will tell you you can depend on any drug product that bears the name Rexall. Good health to all from Rexall. We're a little late, so good night, everyone, and thanks for listening. This program is produced and directed by Paul Phillips. This is Bill Foreman Wishing. Good health to all from Rexall.


Space weather this week has calmed down for the most part. As we take a look at our Earth-facing disc, we have region 3098 here in the north. It's beginning to rotate to the Sun's west limb, and it's actually shown quite a bit of growth over the last day or so. It's even fired an M-class flare, but for the most part the activity is pretty much false starts. Nonetheless, we are still watching it for, especially for radiation storms, and I'll talk about the reason why more in a minute. Meanwhile, we also have region 3102 that's in the south. It's just rotated into view. This region is a solar storm player. It did launch some solar storms while on the Sun's far side. So we're going to be paying attention to it because in about two to three days, it will be rotating into the Earth strike zone, and if it launches a solar storm, it could definitely be Earth-directed. Outside of that, we have a small coronal hole that's rotating through center disc right now. Sadly, this coronal hole is not going to send us enough fast wind with the right polarity to give us a big solar storm. So don't get too excited about it, but it could give us unsettled conditions here in about two to three days. But outside of that, everything that we see on the Earth-facing disc is pretty calm. We are waiting for new regions to rotate into Earth view from the Sun's far side, and that's when activity will pick up. Meanwhile, we're already in radiation storm territory. We have elevated fluxes from radiation from a far side launch that caused a radiation storm that's actually managed to make its way to Earth. We're only at elevated levels right now, but it won't take much to pop us over that S1 storm level. So we're kind of watching that. Also on top of that, we have elevated electron fluxes in the radiation belts right now. And so satellite operators, especially in geo and in meo orbits, are not enjoying their time right now. So we really don't need any more radiation storms at the moment. We'd like things to kind of calm down. So we're definitely watching that region very, very closely. Meanwhile, we expect that these conditions will continue over the next few days and possibly increase a little bit more simply because we have new regions that are going to be rotating into Earth view over this next week. For more details on this week's space weather, including how the fast wind from that coronal hole might affect you, come check out my channel or see me at spaceweatherwoman.com.


Hello everyone, my name is Jane Katten and I'm the CEO at AgeWell. I'd like to welcome you to our show, Aging Matters. I'd also like to thank our sponsors, MVP Healthcare, for making our show possible each month. As you may know, AgeWell is the largest area agency on aging in the state of Vermont. We serve four counties, Franklin, Grand Isle, Chittenden, and Addison. Our clients are over the age of 60 or under the age of 60 with a disability on long-term care Medicaid. So our goal is to make sure that we wrap around them with services that allow them to stay healthy and independent in the setting of their choice. Every month on Aging Matters we like to find topics of interest to all of us as we age so that we can learn more about how to navigate aging to AgeWell. Today on our show I'm delighted to introduce and welcome Dr. Regina Kep, who specializes in the aging process and the care of older adults and their families, with an emphasis on working with minority older adults. She's a clinical psychologist and the founder and director of the Center for Mental Health and Aging. Today we're going to be discussing the impacts of ageism on the physical and mental health of older adults. And it's really actually great timing to welcome Dr. Kep, because the month of May we are recognizing two different initiatives, two awareness months. The first one is Mental Health Awareness Month, and the second is Older Americans Month. And Older Americans Month is celebrated every year in the month of May, and this year the theme is Aging Unbound. So today on our show we'll be learning about diverse aging experiences and how we can combat stereotypes, especially with the help of Dr. Kep, who I would love to welcome again to our show. Thank you so much for being here with us today. Thank you for having me. Dr. Kep, before we dive into some questions and explore more about ageism and how we should think about that as we get older, could you start and tell us a little bit about your background, your experience, and the Center for Mental Health and Aging? Sure. Well, thank you so much for having me. I'm delighted to be here. So I'm a board-certified clinical psychologist and a Jero psychologist, so that means that I specialize with older adults and older families. And I'm an educator, so I, through the Center for Mental Health and Aging, we provide public education for older adults and families about mental health and aging, what's typical, what's not typical, and we provide education for professionals. And so that's, I'm delighted to be here and provide some education to your constituents with CCTV. Thank you so much. That's awesome. And we're so happy you're here, especially as we think about aging and how we can all benefit, you know, to think about how older adults can remain engaged and independent and included. So let's dive into our topic. I have a few questions for you to start us off. First of all, Dr. Kep, could you define the various types of ageism? Sure. I'll start by just defining ageism in general. So ageism is bias and discrimination based on age. It can include stereotypes or exclusion from activities like working or groups, things like that, based on age. And so that in a nutshell is sort of ageism, bias and discrimination based on age. And so there are different ways that that manifests or plays out. So there can be structural ageism and individual ageism. So structural ageism is kind of like what I described maybe being left out of healthcare. You've seen maybe research studies where we're looking for participants from 18 to 65, but if you're over 65, we're not going to be studying diabetes in your age group, right? So research studies will often have a cap at 65 or whatever that age cap is. And then as a result, many older adults are not included in research or healthcare studies or psychology studies, lots of different studies. So that's an example of structural ageism. Also older adults being denied access to work or age discrimination in the workplace. That's an example of structural ageism. And then there's like internalized ageism. Sorry if I hit that mic. Then there's internalized ageism. And that's where we integrate messages over our lifespan about what it means to grow older and how people view growing older. And then we internalize those messages and carry them with us. And if we start believing them, they have an incredible impact on our lives. And we're going to get into that today about how that does impact our life. And so some of the ways that this plays out are there's one example is hostile ageism. So you know because you are with age well that financial exploitation of older adults is a concern. And so that's an example of hostile ageism. So when older adults are exploited financially or physically or whatever it is, that's an example of hostile ageism. There's also something that's commonly used now, or maybe people have heard of it. It's called the silver tsunami. And this is the concept of the baby boomer population aging. And so between 2011 and 2030, 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day. And that surge in aging is called, you know, that's the baby boomers. Some people use the term to describe that as silver tsunami. And the reason it's ageist is because if we think about what a tsunami is, a tsunami is a natural disaster that depletes us of resources and causes all sorts of havoc and requires, you know, cleanup squads. And we're going to lose all of our resources. And it's a casualty, right? It results in casualties. So the idea that the aging population is going to deplete us is an idea that's very ageist in and of itself. And so this idea of silver tsunami is an ageist one. And that was pretty hostile ageism. Then there's invisible ageism. And people experience this a lot when maybe you go to a party or a gathering and you're overlooked if you're an older adult in the room. Or during the COVID-19 pandemic, many older adults were contributing to child care for maybe they had middle-aged children and all the day care is closed and their grandchildren, their children still had to work. And their grandchildren needed care. Many older adults were stepping in to provide child care. But that wasn't in the news very often. And so that's just one small example of contributions that older adults make that are overlooked or not taken into consideration, even that make them media or news stories. And those are examples of invisible ageism. And then there's what's called benevolent ageism.  And so what benevolent ageism is, is this idea that we want to do something good. Our intention is to do something good for somebody else. But it has the impact of actually harming them. So for example, I was living in another state. I was living in Atlanta when COVID-19 started and I moved to Vermont last summer. And I'm delighted to live in Vermont now. And so I was working at a hospital in an older adult clinic, an outpatient clinic for older adults. And I would drive every day under a freeway sign that read, COVID-19, isolate the elderly. And the idea, this is a benevolent ageist statement. And the idea is that the intention was good. We know that during COVID-19, prior to the vaccine, older adults, people 65 and older, were disproportionately physically impacted by COVID-19. And among hospitalizations and deaths, it was a travesty. And so the intention to protect older adults was a good one. But the way that they went about it with the sign that isolate the elderly first, but isolate older people has the impact of harming people, right? We know isolation kills. And so eventually they changed the sign to coronavirus, protect the vulnerable. And that was a sign that I could get behind or drive underneath without cringing every day. But that's an example of benevolent ageism. We think we're doing good, but it actually has the impact of harming someone. And so this idea of, like, you may have heard of elder speak, where we're talking to an older person, we start talking to them like a child, right? So we're trying to do good. We're trying to be kind and inclusive. But it has the impact of actually harming them. When older adults are spoken to like children, they actually begin to change in front of our eyes that we begin to doubt ourselves. And like, why are people treating me like a child? Am I doing something wrong? And it actually has an impact on the older person. And so that's an example of benevolent ageism. We want them to feel warm and welcome, so we're going to talk to them like a child, but it has the impact of actually harming them. So we're going to stop doing that. Yes, we need to stop doing that. And I had no idea there were different types of ageism. So your examples were just excellent. We also know there are stereotypes that are associated with ageism. So maybe you could tell us a bit more about the most common stereotypes that older adults might experience. Yeah. So some of the ones that irk me the most are, I mean, they're everywhere. I mean, stereotypes about growing older are everywhere. So one common stereotype is older adults are rigid and will never change. And this is really problematic because if we think older people will never change, we're not going to refer them to health care or mental health care or smoking cessation programs. And also it's not true. Older adults are incredibly capable of change. There's misconceptions or stereotypes that as we age it's normal to be depressed or anxious. And that's not true. And the problem with believing that is that when older adults are depressed and anxious, they're not going to get the care that they need to treat the depression and anxiety. And treatment is highly effective. If we believe that older adults are rigid, then even mental health providers or health care providers may have the misconception that if they recommend a treatment that the older person won't follow through anyway because they don't change. But that's not true. And so these stereotypes are so critical that we're aware of so we can start to dismantle them to be sure that people are getting what they need as we grow older. I think other stereotypes are one of my favorites is that older people are no longer interested in intimacy or sexual when that's also not true. There was a huge study a few years ago that surveyed 1,000 people between 65 and 80 and found that the vast majority are still interested in sex during that time of life. And actually that 31% of women and 51% remain sexually active during that stage of life. And so there are these lots of misconceptions, but as a result of this misconception that older adults are no longer sexually active or interested in sex, doctors aren't talking with them about sexual health. And actually one of the byproducts of that, this is not only related to doctors not talking about sex with older adults, but is that STDs have doubled for older adults in the past 10 years. Interesting. Yeah, for people 65 and older. It's chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis have doubled. Wow. Yeah. Wow. So all of these stereotypes are creating situations that can cause harm. That do cause harm. And they do. And you alluded to psychosocial, psychosexual, physiological health issues. Let's talk more about some of those other things you're seeing. You talked about the sexual implications for older adults. What else should we know about? Well, I'd say also that as, you know, if we believe these negative ideas about aging. So other negative ideas are like it's, what's the point of growing old? Like what's the point of this anyway? That's a negative idea about aging. Like there's nothing glorious that happens. Later I have nothing left to offer. Right. So if we believe that to be true, which is, I don't believe that to be true. It's not true. Then we're going to be less likely to do things that care for our health, right? So doctors, if structural ageism, doctors, mental health providers, lots of clinicians and other people in society are going to be less likely to recommend things. And then also the older adult themselves, if they believe these things, is going to be less likely to implement recommendations. And so that can have a major impact on health. And so for mental health, we know that when older adults believe negative stereotypes about aging, they're more likely to have depression, anxiety, have suicidal thoughts, have more trauma, like unmanaged traumatic reactions from maybe historical or current traumatic events. And so we know that it has a major impact. And the same is true for physical health. And so if older adults believe these negative ideas about aging, then they're actually more likely. So there's a researcher out of Yale. Her name is Becca Levy, and I'm just her biggest fan. And so she's like the most prolific researcher that looks at the impact of ageism on health. And what she's found in her research is that when people believe these negative ideas about aging, that they're more likely to, they're at more risk for a heart attack. They're more likely to have a heart attack within like the next 30 years. And they're more likely to have a dementia disorder. So it has a direct correlation, I would say, because it's not causation, but it's correlation. It has a direct correlation to dementia as well and how quickly, even if a person has dementia, that dementia advances. Wow. So huge implications. We have to change the way we think about aging most definitely. Dr. Kep, I've done some reading and there are other considerations when it comes to aging and other identity variables. For example, race or disability or sexual orientation, ethnicity. Can you speak more about those issues as it relates to ageism? Yeah. So another common misconception is that older adults are all alike. And we know older adults are incredibly different from one another. If you look at your own group of friends, you're incredibly different from one another. So in society as a whole, as older adults are aging, our population demographics are shifting. So between now and 2030, the older white population will increase by 39%, where older ethnic minority populations will increase by 89%. So we're actually becoming a more diverse older adult group, which is really exciting. Some of the things to be mindful of as we're looking at intersections of age and ageism, like stereotypes based on age, is that ageism can intersect with other kinds of isms like racism or homophobia or transphobia or sexism. And so when people experience multiple minority identities, like say a person is an older black lesbian woman, that's multiple minority identities, there's a phenomena that happens that's called double, triple, quadruple jeopardy. Wow. And when that happens, that simply means that that person has a greater risk for some health concerns in life. And that's related to lots of things. Like if we experience more discrimination, we have more stress hormones in our body, and that increases our risk for illness. Also, we'll maybe more mistrusting of the healthcare system. The healthcare system may be more discriminatory toward us. Other systems might be more discriminatory toward us, so we don't get the care we need and so on. The other side of this coin though is that is horrible, and we need to be mindful of that, and that's why we're doing some education about that today because we can all combat these isms to make sure that people stay as healthy as possible. But the other side of this coin is that we know that older ethnic minority adults and even LGTBQ older adults have the highest rates of resilience. And so this is something I think that's really important to recognize as well, that we have to be mindful of the impact of isms and harm and discrimination and stereotypes on people. And as we're talking about age and ageism and how that intersects with racism and sexism and queerphobia and all of that, we also have to recognize strengths within these communities and draw on these strengths as well. Oh, that's fantastic.  So from what you've described, ageism can certainly take a toll on our overall health and wellness. So it must also put a lot of pressure on our healthcare system, right? Yes. And there's a cost to our healthcare system around ageism. Can you speak a little bit more about that? Yes. So this is back to remember structural ageism and internal ageism. So the cost of ageism in the United States. Becca Levy, remember my hero? So out of Yale did a study in 2020 and looked at the cost of ageism in the United States and found that in one year, ageism cost the United States $63 billion. Goodness. Yeah. Because it accounts for, also contributes to, ageism does, 17 million of the most expensive cases of medical cases. So like, or diagnoses like cancers, Alzheimer's, dementia disorders, diabetes, all sorts of health conditions that could be prevented if people, if we were paying attention. Right. Yeah. So my question is, does ageism have an impact on longevity? Yes. So yes is the answer, right? Yes. Yes. So there's good news and bad news here. The good news is that people who have a positive view of aging, Becca Levy's research has found, lives seven and a half years longer and healthier than people with a negative view of aging. So we can do something about it, right? About, we can, well, what I like to say, you know, we're talking about health conditions and aging and also genetics play into health conditions. I don't want to blame people for not believing enough about positive aging, right? Right. People get cancer, people get dementia and they do all the things to prevent it and sometimes bad things happen and that's horrible. The message here is where you can believe, do your part and your part may have tremendous benefits for your own health and longevity. And so, but yes, if we believe that people, if people believe that aging is a wonderful thing and there's something to contribute as we age and that I still have something to learn and my life still has meaning and purpose, then you'll have a better chance of living longer and healthier. That's very encouraging. That's wonderful. So now let's talk about some of the strategies and things you've learned that can help to reduce ageism. Yes. So there's a strategy called the ABC Model. Oh, yes. Right? So A stands for awareness. So the first thing that we have to do is be aware that it's when ageism is happening. And so I'm going to give you an example. Yes. So the other day I was talking to a friend of mine who's in her late 60s and she was telling me, oh, I have to go get a tooth extracted. Oh, right. And she has beautiful teeth. So she had to get a tooth extracted and she made the comment to me, oh, I'm getting old.  The one she was getting extracted had an infection. Right. And it had an infection for a long time, right? So she needed to have it extracted for a medical reason that didn't have to do with age, that had to do with an infection. And all her other teeth were the same age. Right. So that's awareness. So calling awareness to, oh, is this ageist or is this not? And then begin to question, is this an ageist statement or is it not? And then the B of the ABC Model is to put the blame where it belongs. So is her tooth being extracted, because it's old? No. It's being extracted because it has an infection. Right.  Right. Okay. And then the C of the ABC Model is to challenge whenever you see ageism happening. So then to challenge it. Okay. I have to remind myself that I have however many other teeth that are just as old and that I have to check myself when these thoughts come up. And then when you get familiar with that then check other people or inquire. Let's think about that. Is that comment ageist or not? Right. Right. And I think there's a way that we can help each other to have those conversations. Have you got any tips for us to help guide those conversations if we're noticing ageist comments? Yeah. I think it can depend on the relationship that you're calling attention to the ageism in. Yes. So if it's a professional context you might do it in one way. Right. If it's with a spouse or a partner you might do it in another way. So sometimes I'll make a comment like hey let's look at that. What you just said is that really related to age or is it related to something else? Sometimes things are related. You know as we age we are more vulnerable to certain health problems to wear and tear. Right. Our bodies change and that's typical with aging. And so just to get familiar then is this typical with aging? Is this related to aging or is it not? And it's a really helpful way to get curious with yourself and your friends or your colleagues about that. Right. Sometimes I'm in a work meeting and somebody will say something that's ageist and I'll say hey what about that is related to age? Right. What about this situation is related to age? Let's look at that. Oh perfect. So let's focus on what the real issue is and not necessarily how old someone is. That's right. Yeah. And to celebrate if we're lucky I want to be a centenarian is my goal. Yes. I mean if I'm lucky I get to be a centenarian but to celebrate age too rather than to degrade it or to think it's not as valuable. I love that and I think we have to expand our horizons and think about a great life that we can live. In our last few minutes I wanted to just take a moment and talk a little bit more about your Center for Mental Health and Aging. I was on the website today it's absolutely fabulous loaded with resources. Oh my gosh thank you. Just a little bit more about that because I know our viewers will want to maybe explore that or find some resources that could help them learn some more. Oh thank you that means a lot to me. So I created the Center for Mental Health and Aging because I was working in a healthcare system. I was working at the Atlanta VA healthcare system and I was an assistant professor at Emory for a decade I was doing this and colleagues and patients and I was in and out patient mental health clinic for older adults so everybody had to be most of my patients were in their 80s but so what was happening is colleagues with the highest degrees in the hospital patients people would constantly come to me asking me questions about what's typical with aging and not should I be concerned about this and how do I know what do I know about dementia and how can I help them navigate that and is this dementia is this not it is this typical is this not is it normal for my 94 year old mother to be depressed you know she's 94 I don't know I'm looking for answers and so people would come to me and not know what to do and I was one of thousands of professionals in this system but somehow people didn't have this information and I thought well I'm gonna change that I'm gonna make sure one get the mental health care that they need but two to make sure that the public has education and that professionals have education and so so I created the center for mental health and aging and we do three things one is we provide public education provide professional education and we have a national provider directory for mental health providers who specialize with older adults nationally and so it's growing it's new and growing and we actually link to age well throughout the elder care locator yes awesome throughout the United States yes so people can look for their area agency on aging near them awesome well it's a fabulous resource take a moment have a look at it online Dr. Kapp I'd like to thank you so much for being part of our show today I've learned so much and my biggest takeaway is think differently about aging and keep our minds open to how we can embrace aging and not think that it's a negative thing oh yeah to celebrate growing older I mean we will go through adjustments that we need to maybe grieve and transition right but the same thing that's true for ethnic minority and older adults which is the high rates of resilience is true for older adults in general as we age we actually develop more resilience and that's a phenomenon that happens over the course of life it's not just this group of older adults it's every generation that every person that grows old as I grow older I'm a 47 year old woman as I grow older I will gain more resilience and so the idea with aging is to celebrate the beauty and the new learnings and the experiences that come with aging and how you can contribute and find meaning in your own life at whatever stage of life you're in well said thank you so much I so appreciate it well everyone thank you so much for joining us on our show today and if any of you need support if you need resources please reach out to age well we can connect you either through our help line and I'll remind you all of our number it's 1-800-642-5119 or just jump online if you have a computer handy at agewellvt.org we're here to help so thank you for joining us again on aging matters again thanks to Dr. Kepp and we look forward to seeing you next time on our show thank you


The storm is letting up. Trevor, can you turn on the generator for me? It's in the garage. Yes, sir.  Protect your family from carbon monoxide poisoning. Install carbon monoxide alarms on every floor and outside sleeping areas. Always use generators outside and at least 20 feet away from home.


Seven things you need to know before you start an e-commerce business. Hey, 206 million people are going to be buying in the US this year alone. Don't you want to get part of that? You deserve a share of the e-commerce business. In this video, I'm going to tell you the things you need to know to start your e-commerce business and be wildly successful. And we're starting right now. Hey, I'm J.R. Fisher. I do e-commerce. Hey, what do you know? I've sold millions of dollars' worth of products and digital services all online. On this channel, I'd like to share with you the things I've done, the tips, tricks, secrets to make all this money, and hopefully you'll get the same result. I started in 2009 and sold all kinds of stuff, all kinds of stuff. And I almost forgot I have a course for you. It's $97. But you don't have to pay for it. You get it free. Go down in the description. Click the link and learn no credit card required. I really would appreciate while I'm thinking about it, if you would subscribe to my channel, if you're new here, hit the subscribe button, ring the bell, turn on notifications, and become part of the VIP group, the Fisher family who gets notified every single time I do a new video. Also, if you've tried to sell stuff online or you got questions about selling stuff online, put that in the comments too and I'll be happy to answer any of your questions. Okay, number one, going to start with a business name. Super important. You know, I own a company called Survival Cave Food. And that name now is a search term, which is great. It's awesome. I think it's a terrible name. I don't know. I was sitting there one night and I was selling camping products at the time. And I came up with the name Survival Cave, a cave for people to hide in so they could survive. And that became the name of my company. And then we became a food manufacturer. And with all my wisdom, I added the word food to it. So it became Survival Cave food. So not a lot of thought went into that. But I think it's something you should think about when you start your business. Everybody wants to have a business name that is incredible, that is so cool, that means so much to everybody. And I don't know if it matters. I mean, we have tennis shoes that are Nike and Adidas. I'm not quite sure what either one of those names mean, but they're super popular. I know they're popular. So, you know, I think your name of your business, if it can describe what you do, that's really cool. And they want to do that. But more importantly, you want to do a corporate name search and make sure you're not calling your company the same name as another company. Can imagine this now. You start a company and you have a really cool name and you operate the company for five years and you build up tons of business and goodwill. And another company comes along and says, we had that company name in our small town of 200 people and we had that name a year before you and you have to cease operations. Oh, no. So, that's the important part. Okay. So, whatever your name is, is what your name is, but make sure somebody else didn't already grab it. If you're going to need to trademark it for products, make sure you trademark it. We have trademark survival pay food. Nobody else can use that, not without a lawsuit. So, make sure that that's the important part of really naming your business. Number two, secure your domain name and website. That's really important. Now, you can get a domain name from so many different places. I like to use GoDaddy. I have an account with them, so I get some little discounts every now and then. But if you go to GoDaddy and you type in a domain name at the top of their search bar, it will not only tell you if that domain is taken or not, it will give you some alternatives below that. Now, what you're going to find is the alternatives will have a different extension. So, .NET is not so bad, but .business, .secure, .whatever, don't get those. You only want .com. That's really all you want. You only want .com.  If, you know, flowersbycaron.com is gone, maybe it could be floralarrangementsbycaron.com or Caron's floral arrangements. Think about just moving around the words a little bit. They will give you some suggestions when you type in a term at the top. But make sure you get that domain name. That's super important. Domain names are cheap. So, you normally pay for the year. If you go to Godaddy.com and you pay $8 or $10 for a year and you only use it for two months, or you buy eight of them and you only need two of them, you can always refund the other ones, and you only pay for the portion that you used. Number three, select a business structure. I had somebody send me a message on YouTube the other day, and they said there's so many people selling stuff online they can't possibly all have business licenses. Do I need a business license? Now, I don't know about all those other people, but yes, you need a business license. It's super important that you have a business license, because you're illegal otherwise in the United States. Now, you do have to decide what type of entity. Is it going to be a sole proprietorship? Is it going to be an LLC? Is it going to be a corporation? Is it going to be an S corporation? All these things are super important. I'm not your accountant. I'm not the person to tell you how to do that. But you can consult with an accountant, get that information. I think it's important to do that anyhow. You're going to need an accountant for your business, and they can give you the pros and cons of incorporating your sole proprietorship in your particular town.  Number four, get your employer identification number. Better known as your E-I-N. This is required. This is a federal thing. You're going to need this number over and over and over again, unless you're a sole proprietorship. So make sure you get that number. You can file for it online. It's very simple to do, not difficult. Now, even though it's called an employer identification number, it's not needed because you have employees. So even if you don't have any employees whatsoever, you still need your E-I-N number. Number five, apply for your business license and permits. And that varies from state to state. I can't recommend, you know, what you have to do in your state. But I know in California, I have a local business license in San Diego. I have a state incorporation license. Then I got my federal E-I-N number, and I also have a corporation in Virginia. And it operates as a foreign business in California. So I don't know. It gets complicated. The accountant works out all that stuff. But the point is you got to have this stuff in place, guys. Don't go out and start a business and not be compliant. You don't want to do that. Number six, find the right vendors. Now, if you're thinking about doing a drop shipping business, it may be AliExpress. It may be that's going to be your vendor. You're going to have to find manufacturers in there. Maybe you're shipping out of the U.S. and you're going to find people a drop ship for you in the U.S. Maybe you're actually buying inventory. And if you're buying inventory, make sure it's proven inventory.  And they're supplying them to you and everything's fine. And all of a sudden your sales go to 1,000 widgets a month and they can only make 400 and you can't make any more money. So you're stunted there. So another caveat to that is don't just have one supplier. And I know certain products are only made by a certain manufacturer. So my other suggestion is don't have one product. One product is not a business. It's just a product. You're going to need multiple products. And I don't care if it's digital products. I don't care if it's physical products. One product is not a business. Number seven, start marketing early. Really important guys. You don't want to wait until your business is open up to start marketing. Imagine it this way. A restaurant basically has to do that. They can't really go out and I guess they could go out and give food to people and give samples and say, we're going to open soon. Not many of them are that smart. But you can go out and give samples of your business. So maybe it's a digital marketing business and you sell courses. You could go out and give samples of those courses. You could go out and do videos like I'm doing right here. I'm doing a video and I have courses. But you could go out and do videos like this and talk about your business and talk about the opening day and talk about the launch date and get that energy built up way before you actually start the business. Number eight, get more productive with the right software. If you're selling online, hands down, hands down, the best piece of software you can get is Cartra. And I don't have time in this video to explain to you why. But down in the description, there's a free video you can watch and it tells you how to get Cartra for a dollar or something like that. You've got to watch that video because it does emails. It does memberships. It does products. It does sales pages. It does all this stuff for you. It's going to save you a ton of money. You need marketing software if you're going to sell online. You just need it. You know, I know a lot of you are going, well, don't I just need an email provider and a sales page? Just go look at the Cartra video. Trust me on this. We're just going to do that. Number nine, stock your inventory. Now this will not apply if you're selling digital products because your inventory is limitless. I have digital products. I have physical products. I have books. I have PDFs. I have courses. I have survival foods. So I've got all these different entities out there. And I got to make sure I have inventory now. Right now we're in the middle of a pandemic. So we sell survival food. So that's a great thing. That's a great product to have in a pandemic. The number one most requested product is toilet paper and food. Okay. So and I think they go hand in hand somehow. But the point is we're selling a lot of survival food right now. That's really, really cool. But we have an inventory problem because we can't make it as fast as we can sell it. So that limits the amount of money I can actually make in the market right now. Unless somebody's willing to wait four to six weeks to get their order, which, you know, there are a lot of people are, but a lot of people aren't. I miss those sales because I can't deliver in the five to seven days I would normally deliver in. So that's going to cost me money. It just is not complaining because we've done very well. However, you've got to think about that for your company too. What is going to be your inventory supply? And number 10, the final one, make sure your business stays compliant. This happens in many, many, many ways. It's not just your business license. It's not just your filings or anything like that. It's everything. There's so many things to stay compliant. If you're processing credit cards, you're going to have PCI compliance issues with your website. If you are selling on other websites, you've got to be compliant with how you're listing the products there. There's so many things to stay compliant with and to do properly. And if you're not good at that, get somebody who is, you know, hire somebody who can look over all this stuff. I think having an accountant is super important. I don't get as much feedback as I want from my accountant, but I get enough and he files my taxes and you make sure I'm doing all the things I'm supposed to do and that I don't get in trouble. And he'll let me know about certain things the other day. He called me about a program that the government had having to do with coronavirus. I don't know if it would qualify for anything or not, but he was nice enough to call me and let me know about that. So you want to make sure you're compliant. You want to make sure you don't break any rules. You want to make sure, you know, you got copyright rules.  There's so many things that you can be out of compliance with. And the deal is if you have a question about it in your head, you probably shouldn't do it. Okay. If you think it's a questionable practice, you probably shouldn't do it. Just err on the safe side. And that goes with everything with your business.  We don't have many refunds in our survival food company. We have a lot more in our digital products, which is to be expected because people will get a product and we see this all the time.  They don't go through the course. And then they'll say, well, the course didn't work for me. And it didn't work for them because they were lazy and they didn't do anything and they didn't apply anything. And that's the problem with selling courses is they don't necessarily use the product. They don't put forth the effort. Now, we also sell food and we have no refunds because Americans will certainly eat. Okay, that's not a problem. When you give them food, they're going to eat. They're very compliant of as far as eating goes. So you don't have that issue there. So all in all, these 10 steps are things that you're going to want to do. Super important. You can't skip any of them. There's none that are negotiable on there. Okay. All these things have to be done. I hope this helps you out. If you're starting your e-commerce site and you're selling products, I want to give you a free course. It's a $97 course. It's down in the description right now. All you got to do is click to learn. Pretty simple, no credit card required. Check that out. I really appreciate you listening. If you have questions about this, I know some of this is kind of complicated. Put it in the comments below. I'll be happy to answer you. I'd love to get comments. Give me a thumbs up. I'd really appreciate that. Don't forget to subscribe and ring the bell. Turn on all notifications so that you know every time I do a video. You become part of the notification gang and you will be part of the Fisher family, the VIP group that gets notified every time I do a video. Thank you so much for listening and I'll see you in the next one.


So mine is not going to be really a presentation, but more like an introduction and I'm just going to point out a bunch of different approaches and research questions that we have, probably all of us when working with hoaries and rock cat sites and I think maybe this point could be helpful to start a discussion later on and I'm sure that a lot of the questions of the points that I'm going to make are going to be answered or you're going to talk about those much more than I can do in this very short introduction. Something I wanted to remind you, if some of you hasn't done it yet, here is the list of the names of the presentation for the video recording, so if you are to present and haven't signed yet, please do it. You can agree or disagree with the recording because we are still missing some people, but not so many, great. All right, so I decided to type on this small introduction using a quote from Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice because I really like this quote, I think it's very funny for people like us who work with this kind of site and of course the question what are meant to rock and mountains in Jane Austen's refers to this kind of romantic struggle of humans and humans live that flow so fast contrasting the majestic nature of mountains and rocks that seem to be so still and seem not to be changing over time, yet we know that that's not the reality and we are working on those sites that are actually the result of interaction of human life and geologies, these sort of stone scapes that are shaped and carved at time, but the geologies and the action of past societies. So in a way, I think as we wrote also in the abstract for this session, we would like to investigate this sort of boundary between human societies and geologies and looking at it as something that is not static but rather dynamic, so where different carvings modify a surface that is more of a surface of transition of modifications of technological experimentation of life of funerary practice of production. So the first question I think we should try, I don't know, a point we should try to discuss is what are carpet sites, what are rocket sites, what are quarries, how we define that, what are the traces that we use for defining these sites, what are their functions, how we can catalogue them because I think and I think and I probably agree with me that this is a category of sites that has been neglected sometimes because positioned in maybe difficult areas, this for example is a picture of the catacombs in Paris that are beautiful and a part of them is a great tourist attraction with a lot of people visiting it every day but it's also an endangered heritage, a heritage that carries structural problems and then endangers not only itself but also the city above. So there is also a problem about valorisation and preservation of the sites other than their definition. There is also a problem with working with the site in a systematic way while in excavations we have of course horizontal level in archaeology of architecture, we have built heritage, in this case we are dealing with carved heritage so something that is negative that is produced through subtraction rather than adding material or both procedures at the same time. So when we work with something like this we need to revise totally the set of competencies and the set of methodologies that we apply to these kind of features in which of course a new phase of expectation, a new phase of life has as a consequence the erasement of the previous one in which traces are ephemeral and it's up to the archaeologists to try to understand which marks can be used for reconstructing different moments of the life of these sites. That are of course involved at different levels with society, the materials and the landscapes. This is a nice image that I found a few days ago of a patrol of Italian partisans working in the quarries of Carrara, the white marble in Carrara in Italy just to say that the sites that we are studying have different lives in a way or different biographies of different events in their life that can all be recorded and that belong to different type of stories. So how do we record these sites and how put them in connection to each other of course one tool is definitely cartography. Here is a GS map that we produced a few years ago with a series of quarries and the built sites that are connected to these supply sources of raw materials and the road network trying to link the supply sources and the distribution of materials over a territory. But of course cartography can represent a certain scale of accuracy, can be used as well in a more detailed scale but presents some problem because of course we are dealing with carved heritage and cartography especially in GIS is rather flat. So we'll reproduce the two dimensions but what we need is something more. So of course geomorphology and aerial photography of course is helpful to delineate some geomorphological features that can be used for identifying quarries sites for example, big accumulation of quarrying waste and of course I think we are all familiar with photogrammetry and I think that the event of photogrammetry in the last years radically changed the way that archaeologists dealing with quarries and rock cat sites approach their material because of course we can represent a reality that is articulated, that is carved inside an outcrop that otherwise wouldn't be visible. Here is like a complex of two overlapping churches in Matera in southern Italy and you can see that this wouldn't be visible except this upper part without the 3D representation. Also photogrammetry should be used with a critical approach of course using misuse of photogrammetry has been very criticized in the theory of digital archaeology so therefore photogrammetry in carved sites should also be discussed till what point we can use this tool, what is good, what is not good. I think personally I think that 3D models without being discussed, without being put in the context and used in a critical way have no meaning. For trying to use 3D models in a slightly different way we run an experimentation in Umeå, the university I come from sorry I forgot to say it in northern Sweden with the laboratory of digital humanities using 3D models for annotating them. So let's say how you would use GIS but in a sort of virtual reality environment so importing the 3D models, low resolution in Unity there is a gaming platform and using the controllers for creating features on the walls. So for example for marking tool marks, for marking holes and carvings or architectural elements that could be, sorry that could be interesting for defining the use and function of the site. This has been done to try to change the point of view of the server and not work with the static GIS but more, creates a more dynamic tool and I think that we are all struggling with this kind of different documentation system. And then of course there is archaeological science that in the last few decades has come becoming a big part of the study of rocket sites and quarries as well especially with quarries with the characterization of the materials extracted and their distribution to try to understand stone exploitation under a more social and mostly economical point of view. And then there is of course ethnographic record. I think that today we are going to see some example of that that can help us challenging some more cost effective hypothesis based more on our of course vision of the past. Here for example is an example of a village in northeast India in Nagaland where the villagers still make standing stones and this is an image of the quarry where they take their materials. As you can see that it's not something we are used to see because of course the operation of quarry has a ritual meaning. So they don't go systematically or following the geological outcrop but every block that they extract is done with a sort of ritual practices. So this is also interesting to see. And then finally something that is particularly interesting for me for my personal approach to this kind of sites is what is the environmental impact of this kind of site because in the moment in which humans and stone co-cure creating these carved sites there are new ecosystem that are born and that develop. This is another image of the quarries of Carrara. I don't know if you've been there you've seen it. It's the exploitation is huge. The mountain has been completely car destroyed and this is how it looks in the rivers down to the valley. So this white color that you see in the water is marble powder. Marble powder that comes directly from the mountains and goes in the rivers and covers everything healing all sorts of floor and fauna that is living in this rivers. So of course there is also like a consequence of this kind of exploitation. Of course in this case we are talking about industrial large scale but maybe also we can think about this kind of problems for ancient exploitation. And I'm going to end with some questions rather than conclusions. So some interesting points that maybe we can discuss later. I would like to address to myself first and then to the others as well. For documenting and studying this site there are a lot of different methods that lead to the collection of different data sets. I think we are missing a bit shared vocabularies and normalized systems in a way because we know that there are very different edition of studies the French one the Italian one the English one. And often the terms are not even the same. So this is something that we could discuss. And of course what is the role of us as archaeologists in promoting and preserving this carved heritage. We know that a lot of times despite the preservation and the valorization of this site is done by a speleologist in especially in the case of carved heritage. So what is the role of the archaeologist in this. And of course where do we go from here. The aim that we had at the beginning was to try to assemble specialists in this field from all over Europe and even further away. And then try to see how we can create some links between what we do and how we work with this site and try to go somewhere else try to create a network and maybe this network could be to be continued. And there is a next event that I will give you more information about later on. So in 2019 you know it's this carved city in the limestone that is situated in southern Italy there's going to be a big conference about carved sites next year. We are still organizing it so we are not sure about details but I'll let you know. So yeah this could be also like a way to see each other again and to continue the dialogue I hope we will start today. So yeah thank you for your attention.