Bingo don't Bingo Bingo Bingo Bingo Bingo Bingo Go wait you organizations showingy 20 meter To come there's wanting wanting to go back to our stupid� Entscheides and some Corbin. I'm Rick keep Falls Instagram Blow That's true Follow us on Instagram and stuff you might find out some things before anywhere else finds out about him That's true. It's very very true. Okay we're doing a movie review of the new Malialum. Malialum. Malialum. I always think I'm saying it wrong still. I don't know what you used to say. I don't want to know because then I'll screw it up again. We famously said it wrong for a long time. I think I think I even put it in wrong in the the celebration song where we mentioned like eight of the industries. Oh Malialum. I think so because I'm Malialum. Malialum to Lugu. That's true because in the song I think I say Malialum to Lugu. Yeah Malialum. And then it's actually Malialum. Malialum. Anyways the new 2021 film that just came out on Amazon Prime starring an actor that just doesn't seem to be working that much. It's been a long long time. I feel like he should get more work. Yeah it's true. Like especially this year I feel like he hasn't put up. There was such great opportunities this year to put out stuff. He didn't put out any films during the pandemic. Nothing.  We watched Malik. Now what's the correct pronunciation is because I've seen seven. It has an asterisk. Is it an asterisk? I don't know. Yeah but I've seen it's got deep meeting and it's it's I don't know. Okay but I call it Malik. There you go. If I'm mispronouncing it I apologize. But the directed written and I believe edited by say his name. Mahesh Narayanan. Narayanan, forgive me again for pronouncing that. We know from he did he directed See You Soon and edited it as well. But he also did Take Off which we haven't seen. I just know about that film and how popular that film was. Storing just a few people. Yeah it's an ensemble. First and foremost my Dost Fafa and then also his wife in this they happen in a weird order here. They do. They put it in like alphabetical weird. There she is. Yeah Namisha Sajayan. Who? She's on fire. She is on fire this year. The last thing we saw her in was the Nayakan. Yes and then and then like we've seen back to back to back with her Great Indian Kitchen. Great Indian Kitchen and also there's a whole bunch of other people but then who we just saw also the Nayakan was a Joju George as well. Since it just came out we're gonna do a little different. We normally always do just complete spoiler reviews but since it's it just came out last night we're gonna do a little bit of a little non-spoiler review in case you haven't watched it. It's on Amazon's two hours 41 minutes so. And then the second half we'll be spoiling you. I will let you know when we get to spoilers. I just want in case you guys haven't seen it yet I want to give you a little something. So Rick your initial non-spoiler thoughts. Non-spoiler thoughts. Well what a surprise that Fafa's doing good work.  Gee whiz man. Oh wait it's opposite day. Yeah just what are you gonna say he's just always good. You have a very strong ensemble. Without giving anything away the film I feel like it's better as it goes on. You've got some impressive stuff. There's some there you can look for a couple of one-shot things and see if you can see the sleight of hand and the one-shot things. Yeah. It's a lot of fun. I really liked it and I felt like it got better as it went on and I am thoroughly spectacularly impressed most of all. And there's a lot of impressed by but this is the most eclectic and incredible score. The music in this is just incredible. So on a whole I thought it was a really really really good movie. I do as well. Some of my favorite parts basically if you haven't watched it go watch it. Yeah go watch it. It's definitely a worthwhile film. I think the only the only debate would be whether it's a good film or great film. Right. I think it falls into that but I don't think anybody can say it's a bad film. It's it's a very very good film. Yeah. If you say it's a bad film then you're just talking about your personal choice of kind of film. Yeah because if you're talking about the quality of it believability, cinematography, direction, acting, writing, score. Yeah. So I think it falls into the line of good to great depending on how you view it. I agree. So but I'll get to the actors here in just a second but I think the cinematography not just a single shot that it starts off with about a 12. Yeah it's 12 to 13 minutes of a single shot which is like family man ask in terms of how they did it. And at night too. But even though that was so cool it's not the most impressive cinematography I feel like in the entire thing. I agree. This had some of the most gorgeous also because people do confuse just beauty with cinematography. It's not not they're not mutually they're not just the same even though they obviously cinematography can't help it be absolutely gorgeous. We can equally talk about the beauty and the magnificence of cinematography in a Sanjay Lila Bansali film and Ananya Akashyap or Vishal Vardwaj. Yeah. And they're gonna be very very different in terms of the aesthetic but the technical aspects of the cinematography are what we're typically talking about. And the camerawork in this was fantastic. Very good. Fafa did his own stunts. I did confirm when he fell out of the room. Yeah that was him. That was him. Well and the stunt work as a whole stunt work and makeup did a great job I thought. Yeah in aging him. Yeah they did a great job of aging him and a couple of other people they did some small wound makeup that was very good and very consistent. I think the score was very really nice. So good. And so I'm just kind of going vague over I think the only thing that you could you could take away is if it I might have been left to wanting just a little bit more at the end just that with my gangster films that's what I want. I want I want a little more which I think a little cathartic. Yeah it's probably Martin Scorsese's fault for making that gangster genre something that you know you're expecting a certain something. You're at least expecting a few things to shock you in a gangster film. Yeah. Oh this guy definitely had some shocks but I feel like the ending surprises. Yeah it definitely had some surprises in was like whoa that just happened right. Which was really really fun. So that's I think it would be is it a little too long sometimes. I don't think so but I feel like I've heard some people say they think it's a little too long. I don't think so. I don't think it dragged very much. I don't think it dragged either and the only thing that would probably differentiate the good to great for for me and others is not really fair to the film and it's this aspect of the film and I'm not going to give anything away but I had a I had a lot of stupid babies message me on Instagram and do their best to try to give me some context about who this is what this is the stories that are being combined and why it matters. Yeah. And it's not the film's fault that we're ignorant to a lot of that stuff. Yeah. Another aspect for me they're especially in the front end of the film and it's again it's not Molly Allam's fault. It just is what it is. There are times when they talk so fast to Molly Allam's fault and this is one of them. They talk really really fast. Where I'm doing everything I can to keep up with what they're saying and I don't see a face or I don't see a shot. It's so unfortunate. So the combination of that with the deeper aspects of the the culture this region these stories are lost on us and that's that's a shame but it on the other hand it does make us want to go more. Yeah. And that's a good thing. Overall I think a really really good film. I think everybody should go see this film. Yeah. Performances cinematography score direction all top notch in this film so definitely go give it a watch and if you don't if you want to be spoiled now stay if you haven't seen it please go watch it and come back now we're gonna get into assuming you've all seen it we're gonna get into more nitty-gritty here here let's start with the performances Fafa you know he's one of my favorites oh and I did figure out the I think the most actor we've seen the most he's getting up there but it's Irfan or it's Amir Khan. I think it's one of them especially especially if you include him as a dog and right yeah but anyway yeah sorry we've seen quite a bit of Fafa as well yeah and he's so good because he's so he's so different even though I think to the untrained eye some people might think he's like always the villain creep kind of weird guy yeah but like that's very vague on the very like all of his characters are completely different and this is nowhere near what Kumbala Jinai's character is. Not at all. It's nowhere near what Joji this past year was. Exactly. Even the three films he did this year see you soon it was nowhere like Joji and this is nowhere like Malak. So I think he has such a talent and such a range and I would I would like to see him and I think I saw somebody say he wants to do like a DDLJ. I love to see that. Like the big love over the top. I love to see that. Which you know is wonderful but his performance he did a great job just like Nawaz did like in sacred games or in gangs of doing the transformation from being really old yeah to to when he was much much younger yeah one of the better one of the better aging processes like when they go back in time and you see him and he's fishing he's got the longer hair and no beard yeah I was like dude you took 20 years off the cap just it was great and he's just great it helps that he can play those ages right it's kind of and obviously makeup does help but to age him down a lot yeah and obviously being able to I'm assuming that's his real beard I'm assuming it is too it's it's epic beard which he looks great you know we'll say this ad nauseam over and over again I would love to talk to him to discover what his process is if he shares that not all actors share their process I'm a big advocate for you know this isn't it is movie magic but there's nothing to not share why not share your process it's really a wonderful enriching thing to find out what makes an actor tick and the actors we've spoken to who share their process you learn something every single time yeah and I think that's a testament what you just mentioned about his capacity to play different ages is this clearly a result of his process because he doesn't indicate he doesn't do things that are external alone I'm sure everything he does comes from first of all script and then it's internalized with something he's done with backstory or other things that make it something that he's not even thinking of because it's just a part of who the character is like I'd love to know how much time he spent in the cell mmm just getting acclimated to a way that feels you know he's the kind of actor wouldn't surprise me if he spent the night in the cell or something yeah and the other one we just mentioned her a moment ago his wife who we've seen in films recently she again has proven that she's she's a very very strong presence Namisha yeah Namisha Sajayan and forgive me for mispronouncing that yeah she's she's impressing more and more the top actresses in India absolutely I think she she does a phenomenal job in this that she's done in everything for I think the first thing we saw and unless I'm wrong was just this year like I think I've just been introduced to this year in the great Indian kitchen which we talk about Malayalam cinema this year yeah like just they put out this Georgie great Indian kitchen Naya Khan yeah I was thinking to myself watching this and like okay so they're like the cricket batsman who's just hitting sixes just yeah there's a six there's a six there's a six yeah I thought she did really her and Fafa had great chemistry great chemistry totally believable and she brought a good element of like she was very feisty and like she she wasn't putting up with with obviously Fafa and and his his even though he wasn't the stereotypical gangster no and I think that's why this film a different a little from a normal gangster film because it wasn't like just murder happening everywhere no in fact it felt oftentimes more like it felt more like a his character was more akin to like a civil rights leader than a gangster yeah you know it just turned into that obviously once once again spoiler when he did kill that guy yeah and so that puts you into a different level and so you're basically the dawn of the the thing nobody wants to mess with you nobody's gonna gonna turn on you that's probably one of my favorite qualities of the film is that it's gangster film that's not your typical gangster film which which is might be why some people including probably myself it was probably a little bit of prejudice of a normal gangster film that I you know gang's wasp or I expect right those big nois yeah right moments in it that those that make me so happy yeah but it never got to that which is not the film so I wasn't trying to be gang's a wasp or in terms of you know how gory it is right it was just trying to tell this guy's story right and I thought it did a really good job at that I did I thought it did too I also thought it did a very good job I'm sure there's a lot of messages from the film that we missed like I said a little bit earlier but one of the things that was very clear was how oftentimes not just in India but anywhere in the world there are tensions that rise up that are presented by the media and the government's as having been religious tensions yeah they were really instigated by the government yeah the law or the media yeah and they they already took an area where it was combustible but was a piece and to to further their ends they throw a match in the midst of it and innocent people die and out people on the outside looking and watching it think oh my goodness it's just religious tensions but what was really going on was a lot of corruption yeah yeah yeah but anyways yeah I thought she did a great job Joju George even though he had a really small part he's even though we've only seen him I think this in Naya County I think we saw him in something else and it was really small role yeah wasn't he in virus I think it was virus a virus I think he had a small role in virus there's like six or seven people that were in virus that were constantly going back to yeah but let's see but this was also very different than I can in terms of he wasn't as animated he had to be a lot more reserved yeah a lot more within himself yeah that was a script direction or if it was a choice but I'm excited to see a lot more of him because he's a very natural actor I feel like and very strong I feel like he he can hold his own with Fafa he can bring kind of like a kindness to a character but also a meanness like he did in Naya and Naya can yeah and so he has he's quite the range but he has almost an innocence about his character that you like even if he's not the greatest guy like in Naya County right you he has this almost likeability about him and the team very clearly that has worked together before I understand I was told this from some stupid babies that this film was actually done they were doing it prior to COVID and they had to stop production on it and while they were in COVID did see you soon so this was actually before see you soon even though see you soon got an earlier release it's very clear in the same way that when you watch the most notable one is obviously Scorsese and Spielberg those guys use the same people over and over and over and over again and you can see the comfort level so does um uh grief John Lasseter no John William no no no freaking come on Django and oh Aquinn thank you John Lasseter they use the same people in their creative teams and it shows them in the work yeah that it's it's not a coincidence this is a good film you have the same people working together you point out at the beginning I love the score in this I thought it was one extremely unique but also extremely powerful and furthered along the emotion of the story I like it stood out as one of my favorite parts of the film me too it was so varied at times it sounded like the action sequences in a in a mission impossible uh yeah at Sushin Shiam so I wanted to shout him out he he created just every kind of possible feeling and flavor and I'm sure we don't even know the half of it in terms of cultural references and things that he did that were tips of the hats to probably wouldn't surprise me if he did some things that were definitively Muslim definitively Christian definitively Hindu yeah and again emotionally I felt a really great pacing which is a testament to Mahesh Narayanan in his direction and editing because the pace of the film did what you anticipated film to do when we reached our climax and then conflict and resolution the all of it with the score really made especially the sequence beginning when uh Freddie comes into the jail yeah from that moment all the way to the nurse coming in yeah I felt what really all up until this son was I at one point noted the score was getting me when he's talking to Freddie and he starts to cry and Freddie's crying who by the way the actor who played uh I thought he did a great deal no Freddie was a son he wasn't with the guy at the end yeah the guy the the the kid in the cell on the cell with him right I don't know his name but I know you talked about Freddie was his dad the buddy who gets shot in the leg right yeah okay he was great too I liked him but he reminded me of the the um um in in family man the the the yeah partner the partner to Manoj absolutely did but the the the son the nephew who got burned on his chest yeah I I felt that he was everybody was really solid I say that and I think about how that nurse was really solid yeah everybody was really good I'd have to go back and look it was probably the one we didn't enjoy Bangler days it was probably the last time in a Malayalam film that we we saw people that we were just like then we I didn't enjoy it wasn't like a natural thing because especially now I think a lot of people are calling this like the golden age of Malayalam cinema it just surprised me it's just they they're putting out so much great content it's it's like they're run by a 24 right it's very very true but yeah um I I liked him a lot yeah uh and and the the the friend the um um there was another one uh that I lost it but yeah everybody in this I thought did a really really great job um as far as the the editing which is done by the director I thought he did a great job with the pacing with his editing and directing is two almost three hour film to me did not feel like no and considering all the dialogue this thing had to have been 250 pages of script I mean this thing must have been a giant script yeah uh and again no dead space I mean even for for as long as a film I really don't think there's anything in this I would want to take out of it yeah you know I really feel like they did a good job of editing it and keeping it moving along I was enjoying myself the whole time and it just it got better it kept you engaged engaged just the word I kept going over and over again like one point and Johnny called me she didn't watch it me with it she said how is it and I said I'm engaged yeah just I'm I'm enjoying watching this thing and seeing what's happening yeah yeah and and that's a testament to the directing editing and all that kind of stuff so overall I think I would give it probably a 7.5 to 8 I agree it bore it's exactly right on the cusp it'll be great yeah because I think if you get past eight you're you're in the great territory yeah um so I put it just in the and I you could if you want to argue that this film is great I would I would like to hear that argument and I wouldn't bother me yeah I wouldn't bother me at all it's just I wanted maybe something that little little extra push like in in um gumball of genites at the end when sure flips sure sure sure I think that's one of the things even though it's it was already a great film before that yeah that little part right there like yeah this is incredible well and that that for me does it I'm not so the the the cusp from good to great for me isn't that aspect but the cusp for me is what I mentioned earlier regarding I feel like there's a lot I don't understand yeah yeah for sure that if I did I'd call it great yeah because it would be like for example I can't think of a comparable film but let's say somebody was from Milwaukee and they saw a film about Milwaukee history yeah I I wouldn't know yeah but someone from Milwaukee would go oh they nailed it or like for example when we saw gully boy people said run veer really nailed the accent we couldn't get the accent I bet there's a bunch of that that if we know we call it I think it's great but in terms of just this year gradient kitchen joji naikon or this as far as which one which one's your favorite gradient kitchen I thought you said joji was because when we reviewed joji you said joji you like joji more than you know what you're absolutely right because of the adaptation inspiration from Shakespeare the clip of the runtime yeah you're right it's joji but even still it's incredibly close yeah it's still too it's like if someone said to me which should I watch joji or the great indian kitchen I'd say yes just watch both and watch this one and there was another one that came out that we didn't enjoy but a lot of molly all in one yeah I don't want to say it okay because they hated us for oh okay never mind kitchen too oh yeah that's right sorry but apparently we don't understand molly all himself apparently or we don't even pay attention to anything other than hindi films that's true because you know rendic yeah just run veer and ollie just all it matters to us I was about to say something terribly right there you it's gone off the rails let us know what you thought about the film uh down below and what should be the next molly allam film that we watch and we need to watch more fa fa well how many more does he have it's all a lot it's only the halfway point of the year he has what three or four films out come on let's get three of them out let's go


Good afternoon. I'd like to call the meeting of the Board of Public Utilities for the City of Santa Rosa to order. Can we have a roll call, please? Chairman Galvin. Here. Vice Chair Noni. Here. Board Member Bannonfort. Here. Board Member Bannister. Here. Board Member Grable. Here. Board Member Watts. Here. Any statements of abstention by board members? Hearing none. We have no study sessions. The minutes for October 17th and November 21st will all be approved. We are all present. We'll move to item 5.1, which is a staff briefing on the 2019 compliance update. Dr. Burke. Sure. We have Heather Johnson, our Environmental Compliance Officer, who's going to give the staff briefing. Welcome, Ms. Johnson. Thank you. Thank you, Jennifer, for the introduction. Good afternoon, Chair Galvin and members of the Board. I'm Heather Johnson, as Jennifer just said, Environmental Services Officer, and I will be giving the 2019 compliance update. So I just want to start by telling you guys something that you probably already know, but reiterating that we at Santa Rosa Water strive to protect the public health and minimize our operational impacts on the environment through complying with regulations. Regulations that are there to protect water, they're there to protect air, they're there to protect land. But we also strive to remain transparent and to foster public trust, and so offer this following presentation. Today, I'm going to go over these three main areas, the sanitary sewer collection system, our wastewater treatment, and recycled water along with our air quality and emissions. I'm going to talk about the regulations that apply to them and our 2019 non-compliant events and then I'm going to go into emerging regulatory issues that may affect our compliance programs. So our sanitary sewer collection system is regulated by the statewide general permit for sanitary sewer systems, and it requires that Santa Rosa maintain a sanitary sewer management plan. And the main goal of the sanitary sewer management plan is to prevent sanitary sewer overflows. The SSMP or sanitary sewer management plan is managed by our local operations division. And in 2019, we had two sanitary sewer overflows that happened during the 50-year storm event that we had early in the year. I think it was February, which resulted in flow exceedances in our sewer line. I wanted to point out that we had no sanitary sewer overflows related to our commercial or industrial sector and kind of highlight our environmental compliance section at this time and the service that they provide to local operations through their Fat Soils and Grease Source Control program. So the environmental compliance section operates a rigorous inspection permitting and public outreach program, and they through their permitting and inspection program have been able to reduce the amount of grease that's in the sewer lines, especially in the downtown area where there's a heavy congregation of restaurants to the point where our collections crew, our local operations crew, have to do less cleaning in that area. So I have two maps up there for you. One is from 2008, and I don't know if you can really see, but the yellow and the red on there are from when they came and they TVed and they cleaned the lines. And they marked up areas that were moderate to mild grease. And you can see that there's quite a few areas. And then if you look at the 2019 map, the orange and the green actually represent, they both represent mild buildup in the line. One is for grit and one is for grease. So it just really speaks to the effort that environmental compliance has done and kudos to them. So for our wastewater treatment and our recycled water, we we have an MPDS permit that's held by our Laguna treatment plant, and that's for the discharge to receiving waters and also for water reclamation requirements. We have Title 22 for our recycled water, and then we have the state water board general order for biosolids, and that's how our land application is regulated. In 2019, there were two leaks from the expansion joints of our geysers distribution system. And those were discovered during a routine shutdown of the system, and it was about 75,000 gallons. We had 52,000 gallons from our reclamation system, and those leaks came from various things at various times. They could be from over irrigation, from a pond overfilling, from leaking valves, and there were some pipe breaks as well. The last one up here on the table was from our treatment plant, and it was from our ultraviolet disinfection system, and it was 120 million gallons for 41 hours, so almost a two-day event. And I just wanted to go into a little bit more detail about that one, so I have this next slide. So during February, that same February with the 50-year storm event, we had extremely high flows coming into the treatment plant, and our ultraviolet system is rated to handle 67 billion gallons per day coming through it, and so when we go over that, we were putting more than 67 through that system, and so that water is considered off spec, all of that water, and it's, for a good portion of that time, I think it's nice to point out that we were still meeting our minimum UV dosage, even though we were above the rated flow. For about 55 million gallons of that 120 total, we did drop down below the UV dosage minimum. So, and then what we do with our off spec water when we have it, we isolate that water in brown and alpha ponds, so those are circled in the middle of your screen, and then we will, we can also isolate it in B pond, which is circled down at the bottom of the screen. So we were sending the water to B pond, alpha ponds, and brown ponds, and we were nearing our storage capacity for the off spec water ponds, and just overall storage capacity. So we started discharging at that time, and that is when we discharged, but I really wanted to point out here that at no time did we discharge off spec water to the Laguna. The discharges were of spec water. Okay, so our air quality is regulated by a Title V federal permit that the Laguna treatment plant has, and then we have the state with the California Air Resources Control Board, which does our portable equipment, and we have portable equipment permits for local operations and regional operations, and then our Bay Area Air Quality Control District gives us a permit to operate, and those are for the sewer and water lift stations for local, and then we have some for the treatment plant that go kind of above the Title V at this time. In 2019, we had one non-compliant event, and that was from our digester gas. We treat the digester gas for hydrogen sulfide, and there's a limit of 50 parts per million, and we went over that one time. The Air District did come out, and they did issue us a violation for that one. All right, so our emerging regulatory issues, we're going through two permit renewals right now. One is for our NPDS permit, and we're doing that with the regional board, and then we have our Title V air permit, and we are working with the Air District on renewing that permit. The Russian River Pathogen TMDL was actually completed in 2019. I believe Vice Chair Arnone came and spoke at the adoption hearing along with my supervisor, Sean McNeill. We have another TMDL for the nutrients in the Laguna, and Santa Rosa Water Stop along with regional board staff have been working together. We've provided them with some nutrient data that we did some monitoring and collecting within the Laguna, so we look forward to collaborating with them further during this next year. We're going to be transitioning our recycled water program over to the statewide general order. This is most likely going to happen in concurrence with our NPDS permit because it's currently housed in the NPDS permit, so if they need to come together. Then with regards to emerging contaminants, PFAS and PFOA have surfaced to the top. If you don't know what those are, they're a manufacturing chemical that they apply because they have the ability to repel water and oil, so they put them on non-stick pans or like the lining of cardboard boxes, you'll see them. They're also used in fire suppressants. So anyway, staff is staying on top of that. We're attending seminars, we're going to trainings just in case any future regulations for PFAS or PFOA come or any monitoring requirements. All right, thank you for having me here today. I am happy to answer any questions. Thank you, Ms. Johnson. Board member questions? Very good. Thanks for the presentation. Thanks for the update, and nice to see that for the vast majority of the time we're in compliance. That's good. We are. Thank you. The second staff briefing is on the Laguna Environmental Lab update. Dr. Burke. So we have Sean McNeil, our Deputy Director of Environmental Services who's going to do the staff briefing. Welcome, Mr. McNeil. Thank you. Let me just get this set up. Good afternoon, Chair Galvin, members of the board. Today I'm here to talk to you, just give you a little update and remind you about the little gem that we have hidden out at the Laguna Treatment Plant called the Laguna Environmental Lab. The Laguna Environmental Lab is located at the Treatment Plant. It's been there since 1968, was expanded recently, and the purpose of today's presentation is just kind of give you a little overview about this lab and a little tour of what it looks like in the lab a little bit, and some of the activities that the lab does for the department, as well as other elements of the city, and just kind of talk a little bit about who we serve. The Laguna Environmental Lab, as I mentioned, was started in 1968. At that time, its primary function was to provide physical and chemical measurements pertinent to the wastewater treatment plant. Later on, shortly after, oops, the Laguna Environmental Lab, or excuse me, in 2000, Laguna Environmental Lab expanded to increase the amount of analytes that he could run, took on additional clients doing water quality, as well as supporting stormwater and the police department and fire departments. That expanded the space of the lab to 10,000 square feet. It operates 365 days per year to meet these regulatory requirements, performing over 500 different analyses on 500 different analytes in drinking water, wastewater, soil, plants, and hazardous waste, and the lab is currently staffed with 14 individuals. The Laguna Environmental Lab is one of the largest and most sophisticated accredited municipal labs in our region. The lab has expanded our service to include not only our treatment plant process, but also compliance monitoring, water quality, stormwater, and as I mentioned, supporting police and fire for any environmental investigations that they may have for spills and environmental crime scenes. Last year, the lab took on a big project, which was a special study to look at how a treatment plant could change some of its processes to reduce the amount of phosphorus in our wastewater. This one project alone amounted to about 48 hours per week of additional staff workload, and lasted for about two months as we were trying to change our processes and make sure that we knew exactly what was happening throughout that process. Ultimately, that project didn't result in a change in our process, but through that lab data and having the staff on site able to run those tests made it much more cost-effective to do that analysis and able to really get that data back into the hands of the consultants that were helping us guide us through that process. Here's kind of just a breakdown of the workload that we typically see in the Laguna Environmental Lab in this chart here. This is back to the data from 2016, and the reason why we're looking at 2016 data is because in 2017 and 2018, the lab did a lot of additional work related to the fires, but this is typically what we'll see. About 56% of the sampling is done just for the Laguna treatment plant, and then if you look at the next largest group there is environmental compliance, which really is a subset of the treatment plant. That's our pre-treatment program that goes into businesses and industry to ensure that the effluent coming from them are meeting federal and our local limit study, which came before you a couple months ago, making sure that those are met, and that's another part of our big part of our sampling, but then we provide a lot of water quality sampling, making sure that we're providing dependable, reliable water, and then various projects coming up and stormwater our other clients. This table, it's a lot of information here, but I want to just kind of highlight a few things here. Over time, if you look at the dark blue bar, that's the total number of samples that we've run, and so over time you can see it's been increasing over the last 10 years with a big spike in 2018. The orange bar, which is the largest reason for that spike there, that's our analysis of organic compounds, volatile compounds, and that is primarily due to our benzene study. So over time we've seen an increase in overall lab, but in 2018 there was a huge amount of work about doubling the amount of samples that the lab was handling. That said, there are some upcoming challenges that the lab is facing that will be coming in front of this board to talk about, so there's regulatory changes. These are constantly happening that as time has gone on, the ability to see chemical constituents at lower and lower concentrations continues to get developed and regulations are meeting those requirements, sometimes getting into parts per billion or parts per trillion, which are increasingly smaller, smaller numbers, and we'll need to make sure that our staff maintain certifications and that our equipment is up just enough to run those analyses. Many of our highly analytical instruments and more expensive instruments in our lab were purchased at that lab expansion in the 2000s and are coming to the end of their useful life, and so we'll be coming in front of this board to possibly make some purchases this next year to upgrade that equipment. Just kind of an example, this is our, one of the key, we're going to be replacing three key instruments this year. This is our volatile gas chromatograph or mass spectrometer. It has an auto sampler there to the right. Some of these instruments, they may be able to last for a long time, but there's elements of them that wear out faster, and this auto sampler has worn out faster, and it's harder to get parts for these older instruments, in particular computer software. Computer software moves at a very fast pace, and this instrument is unable to use the more current operating systems that the city's on, so we're having to have this offline and operating on an older computer and buying used computers on eBay to keep some of this equipment running. Some of the benefits our staff and having regular maintenance on these instruments has actually extended the life of these, and the way our lab is set up, these instruments are really handled by an individual, and they kind of take ownership of that instrument, and so they really take really good care of it and has extended the life. So the next step, as I mentioned, we will be purchasing probably three new instruments in the upcoming year, and those will be coming to the board for approval. They're not just something off the shelf that you can get. Oftentimes, there'll be waivers of competitive bids attached to them because we have service contracts and other things that make sure that we have the right piece of, the right instrument for the types of tests that we do, because lots of vendors will say they do all of it, but we have one instrument that may do two to three different tests, and only certain instruments are really good at being able to change that test in between, so we'll be coming to you with that. And then once we install these new instruments, it's not just plug it in and it's ready to go. We actually need to prove that we can detect the constituents at the appropriate levels, so we'll set them up, we'll get them calibrated, and then we'll run a bunch of standards and we'll send that data off to the accrediting agencies to get ourselves accredited for using these new instruments, so it takes us a few months to get a new instrument online and us to be able to use it for reporting our data. So with that, I'm happy to take any questions. Thank you. Any board member questions? Hearing none, thanks for the update. We'll look forward to seeing these equipment purchases when they come for us. Great, thank you. Final staff briefing is our water supply and recycled water update. So we have Collin Close, our senior water resources planner, and Joe Schwal, our deputy director of regional operations who'll be giving updates on both the potable water and recycled water. Welcome gentlemen. Thank you very much Chairman Galvin, members of the board. I'll just get this power point up and going. Excellent. So I'll be covering the potable water supply update, and I have no surprises for you to report on our lake levels, as you can imagine. They're filling up. Lake Mendocino is at about 109 percent of its water storage capacity, so it is storing some water in that flood pool, and as you know, with a major deviation that's been approved, they are allowed to do that. They're using very high technology to do forecasting so that if very large atmospheric river storm events come through, they can release enough water to make sure there's plenty of flood capacity in that flood control pool. So very good news so far with Lake Mendocino. When we look at Lake Sonoma, we're at about 89 percent of the water storage capacity. It's almost spot on to where we were at this time last year, and this is as of Monday morning, so it doesn't include the recent rain event that we have or the upcoming rains, obviously, that we're seeing in the forecast. So at this point we have no concerns or worries about our water supply, so it's all good news at this point. I also wanted to provide a very brief update on our Winter WaterSmart campaign. You had heard from our Water Use Efficiency Coordinator Claire Nordley recently about this campaign, and it's a collaboration between our marketing and outreach folks and our Water Use Efficiency team to go out and encourage our customers to use less water indoors this winter, particularly December to March, so that we can reduce flows to the treatment plant, because as you know, we have some storage issues with our recycled water, and you'll hear more about that from Deputy Director Schwell in just a moment. But essentially the messages are three-fold. Schedule a Water Use Checkup with us. We have our technicians and analysts will come to folks' homes at no cost and help them improve their water use efficiency. We're encouraging our residential customers to replace their inefficient fixtures, particularly faucet aerators and shower heads. We provide those at no cost. We have some standard models that we provide. And also we're encouraging folks to find and fix leaks, and we have a workshop coming up that will also help our customers do that. We have some additional information online, and we have free leak detection kits to look at toilets and see whether or not toilets are leaking. Those are sometimes hard for our customers to recognize because it's not a constant flow. So just wanted to give you some early results so far. As you can imagine, it's only been about three weeks since this campaign has been up and running, so it's early days yet. But we are seeing quite a few more phone calls from our customers. They're very interested. Typically, in December, January, February, we might have a total of about 30 water use efficiency checkups in homes. We have 96 scheduled already. So we've completed over 36 of those. So things are on track for about a three-fold increase, and we expect it to continue growing. So we actually have fully booked out January, and we're scheduling into February, and our customers are really excited about working with us. So it's going really well so far. So I wanted to just mention that. In terms of reduced flows to the treatment plant, it's a little bit early. We'll have to look probably at January and February data to get a better sense of how that's going because the way our water sales go, we can see our December data, but we're not yet seeing our January data. So we'll see that about mid-February, and then we'll see as we go on about the middle of the month each time. So we can come back to you and update you about how effective this is actually being in terms of water flow. So the other piece that I had mentioned is our workshop. So I just wanted to remind you and the public that we have this workshop scheduled for February 11th at our utility field operations office at 35 Stony Point Road. This is at no cost at all. We do ask that folks pre-register. It's very easy to register. They just go to srcity.org slash workshops and there's an easy online form. If for any reason they'd like to call us, they're welcome to call our hotline at<PHONE_NUMBER>, and we're always happy to work with folks if they need help, if they don't have a computer or something along those lines. This workshop's going to be really fun for our customers. Lots of hands-on demonstrations, interactive displays, our expert instructors, our water use efficiency team. They're really fired up about this campaign. They love working with our customers. So the three main focuses will be on finding and fixing very common household leaks, on changing out faucet aerators. It's a really simple process, but it can be intimidating sometimes for folks, and then just improving overall water use efficiency at home. So that's the focus at this point. And as I said, we're really seeing that things are moving in the right direction with our customers, and we really appreciate their jumping in and getting engaged with us. We haven't focused on our commercial industrial and institutional sector with this particular campaign, but we are seeing them call us. They're hearing the message. They're interested as well in what they can do. Just that with those processes, it tends to be a little slower to change a commercial or industrial processes. So we continue to work with those customers as well. I'm happy to take any questions about this part of the presentation, and I'll also be here if you have questions later. Thank you. Any questions yet for Mr. Close? Then we'll move to Deputy Director Schwall. Thank you, Chair Galvin. So to give you a snapshot of where we're at with our recycled water storage, here's our storage curve. And you can see where we were approaching December when the Gadgers pump stations were offline. The trajectory was very steep and increasing quickly. They're at the first arrow in December 6th or so, and the Gadgers pipeline pumping started. You can see from there at that point until currently, the storage curve has flattened out the 17 or so million gallons a day that we pumped there pretty much matched what we were getting for plant flows. That, of course, is in a big part due to the lack of rain that we've had since the beginning of the winter. Maybe we're seeing a little bit of the impact of the WaterSmart program with that little dip at the very end. But what's really encouraging is that December 6th, the first week of December, we were 460 million gallons over our normal or our average for that time of year. And since that time with the pumping and the lack of rain, we are now 250 million gallons over normal for this time of year. So the trend is good. And to the extent that it continues, we'll be more in our normal operating range. So I want to then just to project forward, if the rest of the season is with normal flows for the end of January and the rest of February, though, the trajectory again will increase. And if we have normal plant flows, we can still expect to be needing to discharge some time in the middle of February, late March or late February, perhaps. So we're not out of the woods yet. We still have 200 odd million gallons more than we would normally have this time of year. And so we're just waiting really to see if we're able to see what the weather does to see how we have to respond to it. We're currently pumping at full flow. We have all of our pumps in service. We're not holding anything back. So as long as we're able to pump that much, we'll be doing the best we can at that point. Do you have any questions for the rest, please? Any board member questions? It's quite an accomplishment to have dropped that excess water that much in such a short period of time. Thank you. I'm doing all I can to hold the winter off. I know you are. All right. Thank you very much for the report. We have no consent items. We have a report item. Director Burke? Yes. So our one and only report item is a policy approval of disconnection of residential water service for nonpayment. And deputy director from the finance department, Alan Alton will be doing this presentation. Welcome, Deputy Director Alton. Good afternoon, Chairman Galvin and members of the board. Let me try to find our policy here. All right. So the item before you now is an administrative policy on the disconnection of water service for nonpayment. This policy will ensure our compliance with a law that is getting ready to come into effect in February. Let's see here. So by way of background, the city and the revenue division already has procedures in place to deal with disconnection of water service. So that gave us a good head start in trying to figure out what we needed to do in order to comply with the new law that was coming forward. We do allow customers to enter into payment arrangements. I think we have a pretty robust notification process. So we kind of, we were able to hit the ground running, so to speak, although we did find that as we started looking at the bill that compliance was not going to be without its challenges, we did have staff from the revenue division and the water department get together to try to decipher the bill, if you will, and see how it would work with our own billing system and our current procedures. So the bill I'm talking about is Senate Bill 998, which is also titled the Water Shutoff Protection Act. It was signed into law by the governor in September 2018 and it goes into effect in February 1st. The main goal of the bill is to ensure water access to a subset of a community that are unable to pay financially, have certain health or medical conditions, and so that's who we're trying to protect with this. It does apply to any water systems that have more than 200 customers, so of course we are part of that group. So the requirements are pretty broad and I'll just go through them quickly. We needed to establish a written policy and have that policy available in six languages, including English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Tagalog, and Vietnamese. The disconnections could not occur until 60 days past due. Our current procedures are 28 days past due. There are notification requirements that go along with this and really they expanded into having us, when going out and putting out a door tag, we would also have to put out a written policy, again written in those six languages. Payment arrangements for eligible customers, like I said is that subset of folks that are really, they can demonstrate that they're financially unable to pay. And by doing that, they're either on some sort of assistance programs such as CalWorks or CalFresh or something to that effect, or that they could declare that their household income was less than 200% of the federal poverty level. Also, if they had some medical certification that showed that they would have serious health effects if their water was turned off, it limits reconnection fees for that group of folks to $50. And it also required the establishment of a formal appeal process. So what we have done is developed a policy in this which you have before you now that not only meets all those requirements but in some cases exceeds them. And here I've come up with a chart that highlights the main areas that we are, that we needed to address. So the first one is we needed to move from informal procedures into a formal written policy. That's before you. And if approved, we are ready to have that, the transition process and printing process begin on that. We have a purchase order in place and are ready to go. We had to do some programming in our billing system to move from a 28-day pass due disconnection to a 60-day pass due disconnection. That is living long while. We're in the testing process and we don't anticipate any issues with that. Currently, we do not exempt people from disconnection. However, we're moving to with this new policy will be that we would exempt people from disconnection if they meet those the unable to pay and the medical certification provisions that I mentioned before and that they are willing to enter into payment arrangements. So if they were to do all those, to meet all that, we, and as long as they met those payment arrangements and were current on their current bills, then they could not be disconnected as they pay that initial bill off. We currently have a reconnection fee and really what the reconnection fee is, it's an administrative fee for processing a delinquent turnoff, which is a mouthful. So for the purposes of this, I'm calling it a reconnection fee. But that currently exists at $55 for during normal operating hours, which is $8 to $2.30 for the group of people that I mentioned before that met the income and medical requirements. That would be at $50. Currently, when a bill is passed due, we send out a disconnection notice and we also do a what's we send out a phone call that's a interactive voice response or IVR. So those are our methods of notifying customers that they are passed due, that they do need to either pay or just enter into some sort of arrangement with us. We would do those exact same things. This time, we would also put out door tags and I neglected to mention that under our current policy, we do hang door tags under certain circumstances, mainly having to do if we have a residence where the landlord pays the water bill, the tenants do not, but the landlord's offsite. So we will door tag that residence so that the tenants understand that they're about to lose water and they can make arrangements either with their landlord or call us and we can work with them through that. So a lot of those things remain the same. And then in an appellate process, we did not have a formal process before we now do have one under this policy that is very similar to the appeals processes that are currently in place throughout the city. We have 15 days from the bill. A customer can dispute that in writing. That will go to the water director or her designee and then if they disagree with that action, they can further appeal up to the board. So the reconnection fee, as we're calling it here, so we analyze what it would take to go through the staff process of, well, let me take a step back. Our billing system allows us to have an administrative fee like the one that we have that's $55. However, we cannot have two of those. So what that would entail, would that a CSR would need to validate that the person that they're dealing with met all of the special conditions to have a $50 fee and then would then have to manually adjust that fee downward for that person. So we looked at those staff resources versus just reducing the administrative fee for all customers down to $50. We looked at that. The last two full fiscal years, so fiscal year 18 and fiscal year 19, and we found that the loss of revenue by doing this dropping down $5 was less than $20,000 a year. It was approximately $15,000 in fiscal year 18 and about $17,000 in fiscal year 19. So the cost benefit of that seemed that it would be better to just go ahead and lower the fee to instead of incurring the staff costs that would be involved in manually adjusting those. And because it is a lowering of a fee, we're able to do so administratively through resolution, which is what we have following this item. So with that, it's recommended by the Finance Department, Santa Rosa Water, that the Board of Public Utilities by resolution approve a revenue division administrative policy titled Disconnection of Residential Water Service for Non-Payment. And it's further recommended that the Board reduce the administrative fee for processing delinquent turnoff from $55 to $50 for all customers. And with that, I'm available for any questions you have. Thank you, Deputy Director Alton. Any questions from the Board? Board Member Watkins. Thank you for this. I know a lot of this has to do with compliance purposes for that Senate bill, but I think it is an important issue that we look at. I just wanted to, you know, hope that this program also works with the H2O program, especially when if the Water Department has to verify income and if it's a low income for CalWorks, they would qualify for H2O. That $50 fee, reconnection fee could still be a burden for some of those people. So this might be a nice way to partner with that program to hopefully avoid the disconnection. And so that's all. Absolutely. Any other Board Member questions or comments? If not, we have a resolution. Oh, sir. Board Member Grable. Yeah, thank you. I think this is a good policy. I had two questions. One, regarding communications on the disconnection, it seems like you have the mail and the phone call kind of points of communication. Is there, one thing I worry about is just for seniors on their own, for instance, is there an opportunity to have a site visit from an employee, in some cases, where we're getting non-response and there may be someone high on the vulnerability index that is a customer, but it's an indication that maybe they need a site visit from an employee or a wellness check from law enforcement or something like that. It's just something that occurs to me in these situations. Sure. And I apologize. I neglected to mention that, is that one of the things that would generate a door tag from us is if we are not able to reach the person by phone and their mail is returned. So basically, we cannot contact that customer. We will go out and perform that site visit, hang a door tag along with the policy and try to move from there. Do we just hang a door tag or do we have the ability to knock on the door? We do have that ability. I know that typically we do hang the door tag. We could, there's nothing for us to knock on the door. I think that would be a great idea to do. There's nothing that precludes us from that. Or if that's not something our staff is comfortable with, I do think going forward with this having some sort of relationship with either law enforcement or the council on aging or some of the agencies that deal with some of these folks, maybe a quick cross-reference, because to me that could be an indication that someone needs a wellness check, for instance. Right. And there are areas that are way outside of where we can go when we send individuals out to go and do that, which are mainly our meter specialists that will go out and handle that. They do meet with the public regularly. Sometimes there are safety issues that are involved, so we need to be clear of that. And obviously, if they feel that they would not be safe, they're going to limit their interaction with that person. However, if you're talking in a senior area like that, that's where I think that there's some judgment that's there for the person going out. As far as further wellness checks that go under there, I think that that's something that's moving a little bit beyond where my staff is and maybe into more of a county issue, but it's something that we could absolutely take a look at and try to come up with some sort of better answer for you. Yeah, it may be something that we just look to across jurisdictions and interagency coordination, because just in my experience very recently, working with low-income residents and vulnerable residents and seniors on low-income and permanent supportive housing projects, it seems to be an issue and it seems to be an indication of when not only wellness checks are needed for seniors who are isolated, but also for, frankly, very difficult situations with children and where the county needs to be involved. So just looking toward where interagency coordination could happen, all that going forward where that can just be, you know, it can tell us maybe be a point or an indication that maybe a call needs to be made and then it's out of our hands at that point, but at least we're being cognizant of that. So yeah, I appreciate that that is something that our staff can at least deal with the door hanger. My other question was it when there's a change of property ownership? I had a couple of experiences recently with realtors and property changing hands for specifically for housing conversion and when property change ownership and say there's a back, there's an unpaid balance, you know, with our, with city water, do we immediately get a notification that there's been a change of ownership? That is something I'm going to need to get back to you on. I, I believe so, but I'm not 100% sure, so I don't want to commit right now. So that's something that I can email out to the, to the board, if you guys would like. It's in some other detail, but it's the only other experience I have where a shutoff policy maybe doesn't recognize that it was a previous owner and then that wasn't communicated to the new owner, but then the tenants now any complex, for instance, would be the ones who are suffering because the previous owner neglected to pay the bill, not the current new owner. And there was a lack of communication. There's just another just thing that occurred to me that maybe we could, we could be cognizant of to know it's, it's fine. I apologize. I should have that answer for you here. It's something that we, when we looked at in and develop the policy, I think that's just a situation that just didn't quite come up. So it's, it's, it's not on the top of my head right now, but I'll get to the answer and come back. Yeah. And to be fair, it was new to me too when, when it occurred. And I was like, oh, that's interesting. Okay. Yeah. It's hard to go back to the previous owner after you close escrow. Yeah. Yes, it is. Thank you. Any other board member questions or comments? All right. We have a resolution. I'll move adoption of a resolution to the board of public utilities of the city of Santa Rosa establishing a policy for the discontinuation of water service for nonpayment and reducing the administrative fee for processing delinquent turnoff from $55 to $50 and waive the reading of the text. Second. Motion by Vice Chair Ononi, seconded by board member Grable. All in favor say aye. Aye. Any opposed? Passes unanimously. Thank you very much, Deputy Director Alton. Item number eight is public comments on non-agenda matters. I don't have any speaker cards. Seeing no one rise. We have no referrals, no written communications. Subcommittee reports. Vice Chair Ononi. Mr. Chairman, the city council BPU liaison subcommittee met last Thursday on January the 9th. The staff provided an update on the solicitation to find an outside option for processing a portion of our biosolids that is currently composted as well as an update on the negotiations with Renewable Sonoma. The staff planned to come back to the subcommittee on February 27th to review the draft agreement as well as for the subcommittee to consider the site location for the potential countywide organics processing facility. And Board Member Battencourt was also there at the meeting. And as was Mayor Tom Schwedhelm and Council Member John Swear. Thank you both for being there. Unfortunately, I had another Board Meeting conflict, so thank you for taking the reins there. Any other subcommittee reports? Any Board Member reports? We'll move then to the Director's Report. Thank you, Chair Galvin. I had just two brief updates. First, just wanted to make the Board aware that recently there was a news station in Los Angeles that had provided some incorrect information regarding the Making Conservation of California Way of Life. I think the Board may recall that Santa Rosa water staff were actively following and commenting on Assembly Bill 1668 and Senate Bill 606, which together made the new Making California Conservation Way of Life long-term water use efficiency requirements. The recent information that was provided by the news station stated that individuals could be fined starting at the beginning of this year for exceeding the water use target of 55 gallons per person per day. And that is incorrect. It's not true. What the law does require is that as a entire service area, we will need to set a target in 2023. And that target will be based on an indoor standard that's currently going to be 55 gallons per capita per day, as well as an outdoor standard that is going to be based on plant type and square footage and has an ET factor in there, as well as water loss due to leaks. And then there's a component that's for commercial industrial institutional as well. So we will be working over the next couple of years to actually develop that standard. And then that will be what we will be as a city, an entire service area responsible for meeting. So the information and the video that was up was pulled down because it was incorrect. And we have received approximately 10 calls about this story and have provided correct information to folks as well as put information out through social media and we'll be going out through our connections newsletter. So we just wanted to make sure the board was aware that no, there are not $10,000 a day fines for people for using more than 55 gallons per capita per day. And then the second item I had and I was hoping that we have this person here, I don't think he was able to attend, but I wanted to let the board know that we are losing another one of our very long-term employees due to retirement. Chris Badger has been with the city for 37 years. He began his career in 1982 as a maintenance worker and has been our safety and training coordinator for over 28 years. He really has been instrumental in developing our safety program to ensure compliance with Cal OSHA regulations as well as implemented numerous in-house training programs to lessen our dependence on outside providers. And I did want to recognize in particular that he took the lead in developing our emergency operations plan. And thanks to Chris's efforts, I really believe that we fared much, much better through the 2017 fires due to all the efforts and training that he had put into place. So I'm sad he wasn't here to be recognized, but I do want to just appreciate his 37 years of service and wish him well in his retirement. And that's all I have. Thank you. Any questions for the director? All right. Well, before we adjourn, I think you all know that our former board member who's in the audience, Mr. Dowd, has been appointed to the city council. We want to give him our congratulations and much good luck in your 11 months that you're going to serve as a city councilman. He was appointed by council member Ernesto... Halla Vera, sorry. And Ernesto has appointed Glenn Wright, who's a former deputy director of the water department, to fill that seat. And so he will be joining us at our next meeting. So again, much good luck, Dick. And we are adjourned.


Political, social and economic empowerment go hand-in-hand, so you can't expect economic empowerment without fixing the political and social part of it, but still our hope is that if there's consistent economic empowerment and support, women will gain the ground and stand on their feet. So a quick few things, continue engaging with women on the ground through a specialized agency. Rocking hair might be very beneficial, but you can't delete the voice of women who are on the ground and doing it. Second, again, repeating, engage through CDC's community development councils. What women need right now, short-term, is access to finance and cash. Cash distribution could be a way to uplift them from the current poverty level quickly. Second, a balance between development and humanitarian. It might sound a little bit heavy, but I would really like to encourage exports that is woman-produced. Even there are, could be creative ways of doing this, if you're sitting face-to-face with Taliban and not sanctioning them, let's not sanction women exports to them. And last thing, I really want to see women in the eight architecture in Afghanistan and any forums that are being established. I want them to have their voice in whatever is being delivered on the ground.


and wouldn't be a food factory footage unless we had a shot of what's going on outside the window here this is the Disney headquarters and it's pretty calm day you can't hear it it's so loud it's loud and time lapses they should compress all the loudness too no that's okay people wouldn't enjoy them as much all right


So, in this session we will see how sustainable development as a concept it has evolved over a period of time. So, the idea of sustainable development came after industrial revolution. And why industrial revolution? Because the economic and industrial activity that started after our industrial revolution only, after the beginning of the industrial revolution. And the negative part of this is that this economic and industrial activity because of industrial revolution has a significant impact of environment and social balance. And that led to ecology, economic and social crisis. So, there are many crisis, few of them they are just listed here the economic crisis and also few of them are the ecological crisis. And the biggest crisis what came after this industrial revolution over a period of time or over years what we are encountering now that is global warming, air pollution, ozone layer, loss of biodiversity, glacier melting and so on. So, this evolution of the sustainable development what we are going to see this has taken from a beautiful blogwritten in U-Matter in World which gives the definition of the sustainable development, sustainability and also given a nicely presented that how the sustainable development is evolved over a period of time. Now as we know this idea of sustainable development started in industrial revolution which leads to also many crisis because the economic and industrial activities led a significant impact on the environment and social balance. Now going further in 1968 Garret Haddon he gave the he brought out this tragedy of commons and how it is linked to the sustainable development. Now what is this tragedy of commons if he argued that if individual acts independently, rationally and focused on pursuing their individual interest they would end up going against the common interest of their community and exhaust the planet natural resources. It given a beautiful example that when everyone seems goes to go for grass to a common land at the end of it since there is no control over it you will not find any more grass available in that piece of the land. And what is the solution so this typically known as the tragedy of commons because no one is responsible for that particular common resources and everyone use up those resources according to their need. Now what the suggestion over here from Haddon is that mankind need to radically change its way of using common resources to avoid disaster in the future. This would be the way to keep on a sustainable development track. Then came the limit to growth and sustainable development by Meadow et al and this is commissioned by Club of Rome. Now what they did they did a simulation, they did a computer simulation to predict the consequence of what could happen in a planet with limited resources. And they did the analysis through the interaction between five different dimension and what are those dimensions that is world population growth, industrialization, pollution generation, food production, non-renewable resource depletion. And in the interaction taking the analysis for the interaction between these five different dimensions what they the ending scenario for it is that there is a there is going to be collapse of economic and social that would happen by the end of 21st century if man imposes no limits to growth. And that is why this is known as the limits to growth and what assumptions they have taken, the assumptions they have taken is that whatever the dimension they are taking what the interaction between different variables, the growth of variables were analyzed exponentially and technology ability to increase resource was linear. And what they did taking all these five different dimension they created a computer simulation and that lead to the ending scenario and the ending scenario says that it is going to be economic and social collapse. And after all this years or after more than four decades this prediction what they did through the computer simulation that seems to be right when it comes to pollution, consequences, emission, the so called manmade disaster and all these are threatening the sustainable development. Now, in 19 after that 1972 the first UN conference on environment and sustainable development took place. This was the first historical conference took place in Stockholm and the discussion was on what is the human impact on the environment and how it is related to the economic development. And this is the first kind of conference among the world leader and the main goal of this conference was to the common outlook, common principle to inspire and guide the world's population to preserve a human environment. So, possibly we can say that historically this is the first time the global effort was made that what we should do about the human impact on the environment and how we should how we should preserve the environment whatever is available to us. Then in 1980 the HDI came into picture. Now what is this HDI? This is Human Development Index and it is a integrated solution started to develop. Now this solution is for what to measure the country's economic and social achievement. So, Human Development Index it is a statistical tool that measures the country's economic and social achievement and the dimension based on what typically they do this achievement the rating of this achievement is through health, education, financial flow, mobility and human security among the others. And even development program every year they provide a ranking based on this HDI report for the country. Then the ecological footprint was the new concept that was added and what is ecological footprint? This is a maximum limit of consumption per person according to the earth ecological capacity. And we are living below it would not compromise the future generation because we are not crossing the limit of the ecological capacity and why it is needed as the planet would be able to regenerate itself and less is always better for the path of the sustainable future. So what is less the ecological footprint should be less. Then in 1987 the definition of the most recognized widely accepted definition of the sustainable development came that is through the broad land report what we discussed in the previous class also through the our common future. Now how they have identified, how they have defined the sustainable development? The human ability to ensure that the current development meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. Now once the definition was given by broad land commission the world commission on environment and development they also brought the challenges associated with the sustainable development. Now what it is the present state of technology and social organization on environmental resources together with limited ability of biosphere to absorb the effect of human activity imposes a limitation on the sustainable development. So simply what it say that what impose the limitation on the sustainable development. So mostly it is about that what is the state of technology we are using, what is the role of the social organization and also what is the ability of the biosphere to absorb the effect of human activity that impose the limitation on the sustainable development. Now the climate change came in 1988 with the formation of IPCC intentional panel on climate change through UN development program and world metrological organization. Now what are the role or objective of this IPCC to develop and share knowledge about the impact of human activities on climate change? It also aim to explore the causes, consequences and the ways of fighting the climate change. And then in 1994 we got the concept of triple bottom line or TBL and this is the important assumptions on for the foundation of the sustainable development first time used by John Ellington the founder of a sustainability consultancy firm. And what are this triple bottom line the three bottom lines in the businesses one the profit and loss account second how socially responsible the operation across the valuation measure the environmental impact of the planet these are the three bottom line of the businesses. And it emphasize the fact that business need to be concerned about its impact on people and planet not only the finance and the profit. So it is about people, planet and profit it is not only profit then in 2001 we got the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Now the goal of this Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is to assess the consequence of ecosystem changes based on human well-being and the also to find the scientific basis for action needed to improve the conservation and sustainable use of the ecosystem. Now how the assessment would be done for this? The assessment would be through change ecosystem resultant in substantial and largely the irreversible biodiversity laws harm the planet and society, degradation of the ecosystem services which is probably going to get worse. The changes needed to prevent the ecosystem degradation and need significant changes in the policy across both the public and private sector then only the assessment would be proper and also the action associated with ecosystem how we can restore the ecosystem how we can conserve the ecosystem that would be efficient. Now when you are coming to the sustainable development today there is a strong current framework on sustainable development it has evolved over a period of time we have added more dimensions to this and the latest IPCC report demonstrated that big change will lead to happen quickly regarding the reduction of the CO2 emission because the way the CO2 emission growth is happening we need the intervention in order to reduce the CO2 emission and to keep the earth's temperature change below 2 degree Celsius to prevent the domestic impact like the extreme one can be where we are going to lose few of the island few of the low-lying islands. Many actor across area they are with the same goal. So you will find that whether it is NGO whether it is industry whether it is at the country level organization level all of them they are the same goal to raise awareness on this topic and to create condition for its to grow and develop and United Nations has a bigger role for it to create the awareness through different campaigns organizing between between the world leaders and to understand what are the actions needed to achieve this or to control the negative impact. Then the role of world business council for sustainable development typically known as WBCST and what is their role? Their role is to helping the member countries to accelerate their business transition to create a sustainable world and few of their activities or few of the action what they do is that there is a provision of certification and what is the provision of the certification mostly that is in the form of if someone is achieving something they give a reward in the form of a stamp recognition that is the best practices what they are doing for the planet. So the businesses showing the best practices or businesses achieving something in term of the good for the planet they get rewarded through the provision of certificates. And the typical example over here is the rainforest alliance or the fair trade foundation or the conscious capital Mumbai. Next is what is the newest is that we talk about the circular economy. It is given by the MacArthur Foundation and they have evolved and given the concept of the circular economy. And what is circular economy? How society and business can align and how they use the natural resources the way the nature does it. So aligning business operations across the supply chain is also allowing the different ecological business model to develop. So what we have tried to understand in that last few slide that how sustainable development has evolved over a period of time from the day 2 where the activity started during industrial revolution after industrial revolution what are the negative impact and till the time when we are talking about the circular economy or about the best practices what the businesses they do in order to achieve the sustainable development. So in the next session we will try to see why sustainability is important or why sustainability is imperative or we will try to understand few of the issues associated with the fact that we need to give importance to the sustainability or the process of sustainable development. Thank you.


Hi, this is Arun Bharati and today we have with us Clyde Superseed, SVP and GM of Training and Certification at the Linux Foundation. Clyde, first of all, is glad to have you here. Thanks for having me, Swapna. Can you tell us a bit about what is the primary goal of Training and Certification at the Linux Foundation? Sure. It's an interesting thing, right? Because if you look at the history of open source, the first wave of folks were very DIYers, right? They would jump in, they would read the docs, they would get on IRC channels. And there was a little bit of a sense that that was how you, that was the sort of true way in which you get into open source is by figuring it out yourself. But of course, that's never been true for software in general, right? I mean, people always get trained on commercial products. They have whole companies, have whole market enablement arms. And so one of the things that we identified a few years ago is that there was this gap between amazing quality open source products that were changing how computing gets done and then the talent development side of things, right? How do we create on-ramps for talent in an age of open source where you don't necessarily have the same market to market commercial organizations making sure that people get trained and up to speed technically on the new software products. And so that's a piece where we're really trying to fill is that entry-level talent gap. Right. Also, I have seen that there is no dearth of all this training but mostly there is specific to a specific vendor and their product. So when it comes to vendor neutral technologies, core technologies, that is where there is a huge kind of void where you cannot find. I think that's what Linux Foundation is doing there if I'm not wrong. Correct, right? It's for the core technologies, right? And so we always say, look, you need a starting point that's most useful to most people is vendor neutral understanding of the core technologies and at the entry level, right? We really try to focus on entry-level talent because we recognize that the commercial ecosystems are really valuable, right? When you get up into the intermediate and advanced layers, by definition, you're working with specific tool sets and it's appropriate for you to move into that more tool-specific types of training. But when you're getting started, you really need that broadest possible foundation because you don't know if you're going to be working in an Azure shop. You don't know if you're going to be in a GCP shop. You don't know which distro you're going to be using. And so, you know, the broader the footprint that we can give people to start with, the better, right? And that's kind of where we focus is entry-level vendor neutral talent so that people are best prepared for the maximum number of career opportunities. And what kind of demand is there for especially entry-level? As you also said, you know, the way we learned was, you know, we just learned everything ourselves, you know, on the Internet. Fine from here, there are really a lot of books, download stuff, get CDs. So, but in today's world where everybody's connected, so what kind of demand is there for this very basic entry-level, you know, for especially in the open source of space? Yeah, you know, I'll give you a good example, Swapnow. We just this past week actually announced the one millionth enrollment in our free Intro to Linux course on edX, which, you know, kind of blows my mind and we were able to get out on the Internet and find one million people from 222 different countries who wanted to learn the fundamentals of Linux and what it is and what it can do. I think that really shines a good light on just how broad the base is and I think importantly, how global the base is, right? There's a lot of, there's a lot better on-ramps into a technology career if you're in North America or if you're in Western Europe, right? There's a more mature ecosystem with different entry points and when you look globally, there are a lot fewer of those and so that part of our mission is to say, this is not a isolated technical challenge for, you know, for the US or for France or for Germany. This is a global technical challenge and we're seeing that demand, right? The second highest number of enrollments, you know, free and Linux course is from India and so that there's a broad, deep move to this and the example I've taken to giving recently is with the pandemic of 2020, my favorite local Chinese restaurant, which is a small mom and pop operation shut down and when they came back online, they came back online with a website and an online ordering system and I asked, I said, how did you guys get that set up?  We had to go figure out how to make a mom and pop strip more Chinese food business into a web-enabled business and it gives an example of the breadth to which, you know, that old saw is increasingly true that every business is now a technology business. One more thing that people do not give credit or recognize is that despite these tough times, open source technologies, the way they have democratized because building your own stack is so hard, so expensive at the same time, if you want to start a business having your own data center, so cloud and open source, you gave example and same is the case with my Indian store because of the social distancing or we did not want to go out. Now, they never did that, but suddenly everything was available online. You can just go online, place the order and they would deliver to the home. What enabled them to move quickly was all these, you know, democratization that has happened here and at the same time, there is enough talent pool that, you know, you guys help create who can actually handle that kind of work because suddenly there is a surge. So, but when we do look at all these technologies, you know, we hear buzzwords like Kubernetes and all those things, they are intimidating. So, for somebody who is kind of new, who wants to get into that, but they have no experience in any of these technologies, any of these industries, how should they get it started? That's a great point Swapna and actually that exact challenge is why we recently announced the creation of a new entry level exam for what we call IT associates and it's born of this recognition that, you know, for those of us in tech, yeah, getting started seems like a fairly obvious thing, right? You know, you learn the basic operating system, you get familiar with the cloud technologies and you start thinking about the problems of stability and scale and security. If you're on the outside looking in and you have never learned the stuff, you don't know anybody in your community or your family who doesn't, it is a very tall ask to say, hey, go start by getting certified in Linux or go start by getting a Azure certification or an AWS certification. It's just too much to ask for folks, right? So we've come intermediate step to help people build a confidence that this is something that they can do even if they don't have a support system and a network and a sort of role models around them. And so we developed this program to say, can we create a, you know, a pre-professional certification exam that demonstrates that somebody has understood the fundamental concepts in terms of, you know, the new cloud infrastructure and the microservice infrastructure the cloud native infrastructure. Without forcing them to get to the finish line of, hey, I'm a Cobbett and cloud administrator, right? It's too much to ask folks to get in one go. It's too much in terms of the time. It's too much in terms of the level of effort without giving them some midpoint to say, okay, I feel confident that I can do this. I have the aptitude. I've been able to demonstrate that I can learn some of the basics and that really is the audience that we're targeting with this is folks who are coming from the outside, who understand the potential and they can see themselves doing it. But we have to give them somewhere to hang their hat to say, okay, it's going to be fine. It's a lot, it's a lot to learn, but I've shown that I can do it, right? I've shown the competence. I've shown the aptitude. And potentially I've shown enough to start getting some, you know, a look from a potential employer or for a potential internship, but some entry rung in the ladle. And that's really what we're going after is a recognition of it can be a daunting task to try to get somebody all the way up to technical competence and that a stepping stone, a pre-professional stepping stone could really help make IT seem like a more realistic career option for a lot of folks. If you look at open source work, we all know a lot of core developer maintainers. They have no formal training. You know, somewhere was a doctor and suddenly they became maintainer of a major open source project. But when we look at this whole serving the enterprise space, why do we need formal training when, you know, you can just go online and learn everything on your own? It's true. It reminds me of the last time I went to the doctor and he had a cartoon printed out on the wall that said that your Google search is not as good as my medical degree. This is not a technology problem. The explosion of information on the internet has made it possible to access a lot of knowledge and a lot of information. What it doesn't do is make it easy and structured. And so they are always going to be folks just like we have been historically who can go between the documentation and the discussion boards and the YouTube videos. They can figure it out for themselves. And our perspective is that's great. Those people probably don't need our help, but they're probably in the single digits if you think of the percentages of people. Most folks need more structure. They need more guidance. They need labs that they can get through to have a solution. If they get stuck, they can go say, ah, that's just, I forgot to open that port. And so the training really, it's not that training brings any dramatic new, you know, content to the table. What it does is it creates a structured path to help people go through a structured set of exercises and the availability of help if you get stuck, right? So we have discussion boards and different forums for providing that help. It's not that you couldn't do it by scouring the web. It's that the vast majority of people that takes an already daunting topic and makes it just impossible, right? We've got to put the breadcrumbs down to help people find it. And that's where we focus is saying, this information exists, but it doesn't exist in a way that most people can digest it and can wrap their head around and stay committed to a path of getting from here to there, right? The training program, that's what it does. It helps people find a path to get where they want to go without having to invent the path by themselves. Right. Also, the reason you need a structured training is you're going to serve a particular industry. You are not just learning something, because there is a big difference in learning about something versus serving a specific industry. There are a lot of challenges. There are a lot of set of procedures. So yes, it does play a very big role. You can learn everything yourself, but you should go through that specific training to prepare yourself for the job. Now, if you look at Linux Foundation, there's a lot of work in this training space. Can you kind of just give a few examples of the work that you're doing to kind of help the talent gap because Linux Foundation also comes up with the report every year where we see there is such a huge gap between supply and demand of talent. Correct. And we're actually going to publish our newest version, the 2020 version of that report, the open source jobs report shortly. And I'll give you sort of a sneak preview. Even with the pandemic going on, more than 50% of the respondents said that they're going to be hiring entry-level talent. And it's really because there's only so many times you can go to LinkedIn and try to poach somebody. Companies have realized that it's a zero-sum game. You're going to have to build and grow talent in-house, especially if you're taking legacy loads and trying to make them cloud-native and move them into the cloud. And getting brand-new people is not necessarily going to be the best way to make that happen. And so as LF, what we're doing is trying to say, you need a portfolio of solutions to try to help fill that gap in the market, right? So we do things like the intro to Linux course I was talking about, which is available for free on the web. Anybody can go sign up for it. You don't have to pay a dime. We have new exams, like this entry-level certification exam. We've got instructor-led training for folks who want that. We've got affordable email options for folks who want that. We've recently put together some boot camp type programs to train people to have that extra layer of instructor support. And so we recognize that there's no one silver bullet, right? It's a portfolio of different actions to try to figure out different people are in different places. How do we create solutions for them to find a path to get where they want to go that have the right level of intensity, the right level of support, and importantly, the right level of availability and the right affordability, because that in reality is a barrier for a lot of folks, right? Not everybody can drop $10,000 on a coding boot camp. That also made me think that how do you also help individuals to kind of meet their own educational goal, because as you said, sometimes you need so many resources there. Yeah, you know, so the structured training programs help, right? Because it helps folks see that this is a sequence in which they can learn and grow. It's also helpful for them to just get into the discussion boards that we provide and be able to engage not just with the instructors, but with the other people in the programs to figure out these are the challenges we're all facing. You know, I'm not alone in this. Other people are stuck in similar places. And so helping folks, you know, just like we were talking about with the new certified IT associate, helping folks see that they're not alone and helping them get help and making it easy for them to access that help is an important part of just making it accessible. I mean, ultimately what we want is create a pathway where people can succeed, right? Where it's not the barrier to entries come down. And a lot of that is around the community, the affordability, the accessibility, and coming from a place, you know, where we are fortunate in the foundation that, you know, where a nonprofit folks get that we're not trying to appease shareholders unless we really are a mission driven organization. And I think that also helps, that helps give people the confidence that the agenda here really is to expand the talent pool. It really is to try to help folks, you know. Great, I think the mantra for my team has been great code alone can't change the world, right? You still need people in there implementing systems, implementing solutions, providing support. And so the open source revolution does need a talent revolution to help sustain it. Now, we did touch upon these points at a different point, but do you need to have some specific qualification or you should be in a specific location or you should be of certain age to join these training programs? No, you know, we really do make this, as my training director likes to joke, you know, we try to go down to the what is the file level, right? It really does start. And if you look at our Intro to Linux course, for instance, it really starts by saying, what's an OS, what's a file, how do you install it? And, you know, the beauty of doing the stuff as self-paced learning is it allows people to skip ahead, right? If you know it already, usually look at the outline and you can figure out, oh, okay. Chapter seven is where my journey needs to start, right? So it allows people to opt in to a training program and find their level. But it also allows people who truly are new to this to find an accessible path in. Awesome. Clyde, thank you so much for taking time out today and talk about this training and solution. And I look forward to talk to you again. Thank you. Same here. Thank you for having me, Swapnil.


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