Cool, now it's going Hi everybody We are Well into the roller-bag sessions at the end of the conference I know like energy is way down here, but I'm also going to tell you this is something that's really important to me And I'm going to try and keep my energy up for it. So hopefully it'll be interesting to you, too My name is Evan Padromo. I am probably best known in the open-source community for my work in wikis Started a wiki called wiki travel. I'm also known for doing social networking software. I Built a classic social network called identica that did open-source social networking And then I've also done a lot of standards work at W3C. My current work is director of open technology at an organization called OEF OEF is the open earth foundation where a US nonprofit with a worldwide team We have people in Asia. We have people in Africa. We have people in South America And our mission is to build open source for a thriving planet We've done a lot of different kind of researchy style projects where we're productionized Work coming out of universities But I think the most important project that we've done and the one that I'm going to be talking about today is open climate open climate is Digital infrastructure for doing nested climate accounting in order to support an independent global stock take of Emissions data, which is a lot. I know there's a there's a lot in there and I am going to unpack it as we go along The context I hate to be the one to give you this news, but if this is the first time you're hearing it We are in a climate change Catastrophe in an emergency the World temperatures have gone up by 0.7 degrees C over the last 30 years and continue to continue to rise and We are rapidly running out of the carbon budget necessary to to Continue with our current way of life. So we are in a very severe situation in terms of managing our Emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases Fortunately in 2015 the countries of the world came together in Paris and agreed to a non-binding framework to reduce emissions awesome So every country in the world is working on as best they can policies and efforts targets to drive down emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases The kind of report card on that process Because it's a voluntary process. There is a global stock take that happens this year 2023 first one ever since 2015 where all of those countries come together and provide their You know turn in their homework and say this is what we've been doing. This is how we've done so far So great that seems pretty reasonable except Countries aren't the only actors that are involved in climate change, right? Countries are really important. They set high-level policies they are a great Set of actors for doing measurement and they have a lot of the resources, but states provinces and regions also have policy Activity cities are extremely important. They're very on the ground but we also have corporate actors who Also have climate policies and climate efforts all the way down to individual emissions sites like farms or Mines or factories, right? So we've got this spectrum across different types of actors that are Making emissions and setting emissions targets and taking actions all of these these emissions aren't Happening in a vacuum. There are relationships between these different different Actors they can have part-whole relationships like Vancouver is part of British Columbia But they also can have ownership Relationships so a an American corporation can own a mine in Bangladesh and there is a level of responsibility That crosses there that is not necessarily reflected in the geographical relationship These different actors have to be coordinating their activity Like I said, it's not happening in a vacuum. It has to be happening together both across that part-whole and international level so setting climate targets that are Related to each other at that part-whole level and also taking climate action setting up climate plans that are complimentary and In accord harmonized the big problem with this kind of stock take issue well one of the big problems is that a Lot of the data is distributed across lots of different sites, right? So it's in different places. It's not really surfaced into public Open data systems, so There is a lot of data that's distributed around the world hard to get to another problem is that very little of it is actually turned into Quariable data that we can use for mixing and matching for generating different kinds of Insights or information a lot of the data on climate change climate emissions either lives in Excel Spreadsheets on somebody's File server or even more common is that you'll see it in in PDF formats that need to get extracted so it's a very very 1995 world for data out there and it's very difficult to get to it and when stuff is actually in In a queryable data set that you can use You'll see lots of different formats lots of different methodologies for doing measurements So it's really hard to compare apple apple apples Which we have to do right so for everyone who is trying to make reductions to their emissions trying to set climate action plans they Need to decide who they're going to do business with who they're going to relate with Relate to who to reward who to encourage who to kind of you know Nudge along the path and that only happens when we're actually when we have well surfaced Information that that actors can work on in order to Deal with these challenges disparate data not very well available data the OEF is partnering with other organizations some academics some in government to Provide a digitally enabled independent global stock take or digs I'm not crazy about the name It is very long and complicated But basically what we're talking about is getting the digital infrastructure ready that we can make actually do these comparisons and do it in a simple way That means not only data harmonization. So bringing data into common formats But providing the kind of infrastructure making queries Easy and to some extent having policies and these these are policies about open data and and data sharing I'm not going to go into the policy right now because that's not my area. I just do the software We have a Really nice system called the open climate network that you can find there open climate network that Shows off the system that we have built to provide this infrastructure Here is my giant data schema the biggest Challenge of building this system was coming up with a schema to harmonize towards and a schema that covered the important parts of the Of the climate effort and that left out a lot of the things that weren't Relevant for setting policy achieving targets and taking actions probably the biggest part of this schema that was Fun to do or interesting to do was focusing on actors So we treat all actors as if they're the same whether you're a nation state or you are a farm or you are a city Or a town of 50 people They are all represented the same within our schema and we have mechanisms for Resolving different identifiers and names and relating these actors Together like I said both part-hole and owner property relationships We also support our actors with a lot of context within our within our schema like population Geographical data economic data About all these systems whether it's a GDP for a country or annual revenue for a company We cover emissions of course on an annual level We have lots of different sources for emissions because there's the official sources that the Country or city may have published, but there's also independent measurements or estimates machine learning systems that might show a different story right these Governments may be Tweaking the numbers a little bit to kind of show different put themselves in a good light And so we try to show multiple sources and give a better Estimate based on those different sources. We also go into breakdowns by gas scope and sectors So these are ways of thinking about Climate emissions and we cover different kinds of methodologies for targets And an important thing once you know what your emissions are you know what you need to get to we have representations for targets from from different in different styles and we also have representations for action plans What is the actor actually going to do to reduce their emissions down to their target level? and breaking that down by what type of actions that are going to take how hard they're going to do it and Doing estimates on the effectiveness how much carbon is this actually going to reduce from the annual emissions load We track all of our data Pretty extensively with with metadata because we need to be able to prove The source of the information we need to be able to track it back upstream So every row that we have every bit of data in our system is tagged with data sources publishers It's linkable. We can track it back to the dates Things that we didn't cover within open climate because this is a policy and an action System we're focusing primarily on So we're not focusing on effects of climate change mitigation Weather events etc. We also don't go down to the level of individuals because that's really just too hard to track We bring in data from the UN F triple C, which is the UN's climate change Organization for that we actually have to do transfers from those different file formats There are a number of international Organizations like networks of cities. There's a global global conference of Mayors The C40 there are a few other networks of cities where they've joined together to collect data And then we're also using other organizations like the World Bank a Lot of the regulatory agencies like the EPA or E triple C here in Canada also provide open data that goes down to that individual site level We have a lot of rich information that's coming out of those regulators and because it's being published We're able to We're able to map it in but We're taking that, you know site level data and we're connecting it to the companies We're connecting it to the place where it's actually happening. So we're taking providing more context for that for that information at that site level academic information has also been really helpful Because there are a number of academic papers that are producing data based on sensors or estimates that are happening in the city's Involved this especially happens in the global south where there is not as much on the ground estimation happening we provide a Harmonization system which lets us transform data into our Data schema and loaded into our databases and then finally we have a data explorer That lets you you know search around look at different kinds of Look at different kinds of actors within the system Go up go down in a geographical hierarchy and understand the different contexts that that matters for those organizations The system is not designed for the web interface web interfaces designed to show off The the infrastructure we have a restful API that is open for use. So it's open for anyone to use. It's not a Private API we are able to get Important information about each actor about their relationships with other actors. So you can navigate up and down that geographical hierarchy We have a pretty extensive search system that lets us look at Not only free text search, but also focus down on structured identifiers or names in different languages. So we can track down the ways to look at say Montreal or Quebec in French and English we do one of the big things that our Users have asked for right the first thing that data scientists want is like a big data download They're like, okay great API looks work looks great, but we want a big data download so we have mechanisms for Downloading selected parts of the data based on the actors that are involved and that brings all the information We have on say British Columbia down into a single CSV or JSON file that you can then do additional work on one of the things that we really like about the system for exposing it to other Researchers is that we're participating in the data comments from OS climate. So Open climate is one of the nodes within that federated data system We're a little bit of a funky note there because we are doing a lot of aggregation But we are participating there and accessible through the through OS climate. So great ways for someone who's say trying to measure risk against Climate plans, they're able to kind of bring that together across the federated systems. We have Really nice Python library So we're really supportive for those. Oh my goodness that Earl is terrible But yeah, you can just kind of scroll past the end We have a really nice Python library for doing evaluations works great in Jupyter notebooks, etc and We have of course since we're here We are doing this work all out in the open. So this is all open source software The data is primarily open. There is some that is you know licensed restricted for for some kinds and it's well Well noted, but it is available through the API So we have a github repo where we do most of our work The system that I just showed you is based on a very simple stack So we use the pern stack post-rex express react and no JS that provides the API that we have the explorer that we have As well as the back-end data data store and all the software that we have is all ASL To so it's very very liberal license for those who want to participate Boy that was a lot right through a lot actually so we've got a big database We've got an API. We've got an explorer. We're connected to a lot of different A lot of different mechanisms What has that got us what have we done with that information? Well, first of all, we've been really successful in collecting data some of the data has been done by My data team some of the some has been done by researchers We we we partner with and then some of it's been done with with folks who are participating in our in our network through our open source mechanism Altogether we've had 63 different data sources imported It's a hundred and forty six thousand Actors that are represented in our system. So those are again cities cities countries corporates around the world We're tracking 360,000 annual emissions records across all different kinds of actors We're tracking about four thousand targets You can see what we to tours magnitude less on targets than emissions I really think of emissions as data points and targets as a as part of the curve So it does break down a little bit there, but it's still quite a lot of targets to to be looking at Results wise this all comes out of the Demos from the Python client, so I just screen-shotted those We're able to get like really interesting information about emissions And then actually temperate with contextual information. So up here you see the annual emissions of a number of different countries like China in the United States and you can See it modified on the on the right-hand side by population right so what one story there of the meteoric rise of China's emissions is somewhat tempered on the other side realizing how How much that is tracked by population in China? Different colors. I know it's not great It's not great. I I'm aware of that Yeah, I was like considering I was like should I change that I'm like I don't have time I go Another thing that we can do because we're including targets and emissions and emissions from different areas Is we can look at how well Different actors are actually achieving what they say they're going to achieve. So what we see here is Great Britain's target of getting to Getting to what is that 250? Megatons CO2 equivalent by 2030 and we can see they're kind of Their movement there They're not on track to hit right you can see the dotted line They're not on track to hit and that other one is the UK For their 2050 net zero target. They're also not on track to hit that one either, right? So we can do that for actors of all different kinds again cities and countries and corporates using this data one Analysis that I really like is For my home country here in Canada We have a national goal of getting down to 445 megatons of carbon by 2030 right so that's a 40% drop in emissions by 2030 based on 2005 baseline Which is an ambitious goal? Unfortunately, is that ambition is not shared by the provinces in Canada which have set much more conservative goals And the sum of their ambition is what about 140? Megatons more than what Canada shooting for which means again until those are resolved and harmonized It's unlikely that we're going to hit our hit that target, right? So the responsibility here is distributed Across those different parts and if we can't we can do the same kind of analysis for a State and its cities or even a city and the corporates that are in that city One of the big things that we are trying to do is map actions and plans to actual emissions and actual targets are your action are your action plans actually sufficient to reach the targets that you've set It is difficult because as bad as emissions and targets data are in terms of Data structures and being able to extract them These actions and plans are almost entirely in PDFs they almost all have lots of like green leafs on them and happy families walking through a field and Once you actually get to the part where they're going to reduce traffic by 25% by 2035 like it's very hard to actually get that information out Another thing that's important to us is easier contributions right now. We use a github flow for getting data in We want to make this process more like a Wikipedia for climate data So having our API easier for folks to both submit As well as read out of the API doing file uploads in our system. So being able to just say I got a file Here it is finally we are using we are doing some piloting of verify credentials and and dids for Bringing in trusted data from From the internet it is still an ongoing process But we're hoping to work with others in this area to be making standards around around this One of the things that we're pretty excited about is I mean if you have been staring at like 200 page PDFs full of jargon and Realizing that there is a magic machine that can read that entire report and tell you what is actually interesting in it It's pretty astounding. So we've been Really interested in large language models for exactly extracting data from PDFs The UNF triple C for example has over 3,000 PDFs That is collected for that global stock take in 2023 all of which are hundreds of pages Almost impossible for anyone to summarize all together And we think that LLMs are going to make it possible for us to extract the actual data out of those long documents and make them comparable Measurable and get trends out. So we're we're Working with a couple of different LLMs also looking at at training our own specifically for this for this problem Speaking about LLMs, they're also very interesting for data harmonization. So being able to do automated ETL With the automated transformation on data matching fields aggregating disaggregating We're seeing some Good performance for this however It still requires a human in the loop for doing the doing this effort We'd like to see if we could get it to an automated process. So that again, this is The previous one was for unstructured data in PDFs. This is for structured data in weird formats a Part one of the things when you provide a restful API is that there's always one more API requirement that people have For doing, you know, the kind of queries that we need we are planning a graphql interface to make it easier for folks to do the kind of structured ad hoc queries that Good structured ad hoc queries that that gets you to a Get you the information you need So if you want to find out what the emissions of farms in British Columbia between 2010 and 2020 where we can be providing that lastly Part of the work that part of what we've learned from this work from open climate is how the distribution of data coverage Really changes as you move up and down this geographical hierarchy Obviously all these all the countries in our system have Have emissions information most of them have targets information regions in the provinces Okay, but not bad but not great For worldwide regions and provinces It's when we get down to cities that things start to look really bad only about 5% of cities that we know of have Emissions data that they're tracking where they're where they have published emissions Emissions reports and we started looking into that because that seems like a really low number It turns out that it's really difficult for these cities Without the force of like kind of a federal government behind them difficult for them to get the necessary upstream data to actually Make the calculations there are Great tools for corporate actors So commercial software for corporate actors for building their greenhouse gas inventories There aren't a lot of good tools for building them in for cities the quote that we got from One city was that they put about eight months of work for a five-person team Into doing their one and only inventory in 2018 and they were like never again. That was far too much So we are putting a lot of expectation on cities to provide Not only policy, but data for climate Climate action, but we're not giving them the tools to actually complete that that measurement and that's why We are looking next at Open-source solutions for cities to help them do those inventories, right so Open climate for cities is a next project for us that we are hoping to provide Carbon and counting software so being able to put together those inventories pull them from data sources maybe international data sources, maybe local data sources and do the kind and bring down that like 40 person months into say one or two person months and And we also think that there is a real role for AI to play in in making that effort or easier so You know, we are still in the early prototype stage for this city's work But we are really excited about the opportunity to apply open-source software to this really critical part of the of the climate crisis That was a lot I whipped through it open climate network is our Is our Earl don't fall for any of the imitators you can get a lot of open climates if you search on Search on the web. I'm Evan at open earth.org and if you want to follow me on mastodon You can get me at Evan at mastodon.openearth.deaf There we go Any actually I'm not sure how I am on time. Sorry. I don't mean to quit the questions, but I think I have 12 1230 so yeah 1235 Yeah, I got five great. Cool. Let's do it Super good question. Yeah, so what we do is We tag all of our data sets with the stated methodology of that of that original data set, right? So if it comes from a machine learning module Machine learning model we use that if we were if we are comparing say All greenhouse gases or only carbon dioxide we tag it that way. So everything that we Bring in we are tagging methodologies for for all of it and that way we can say oh these two don't compare because this one is a This one, you know excludes methane. This one has all greenhouse gases. Yeah That makes sense. Yeah, so it's not perfect, right because we can get down to like levels of differences that are You know Too fine for us to tag, right? But we kind of leave that up to the to the client to say like, okay, you know I trust Primap and I trust UNF triple C And I can see that they're close, but I understand why they have differences Good Cool. Good question Any any others? Yeah, yeah, that's a that's a really good question So there are a couple of ways that's handled in like climate data tracking one is that the Different actors kind of split up responsibility Sometimes it's double booked right so sometimes you'll see the same emissions booked at one at the at one port and at the other port There are also Mechanisms to to say like this is these are Emissions that you know my city or my company is responsible for and these ones are ones that our suppliers are responsible for And we kind of put those in a different part of our accounting process It's called the scope one scope two scope three for for emissions accounting. Yeah So we're just delivering the data. We're not going down all the way down to the Are you talking about cities or you're talking about? overall Overall, yeah, so we are not doing enough Information for say one company to calculate its scope three based on what suppliers have right because then you actually have to break it down based on Your relative use of their you know, how much of their emissions are you responsible for etc? And since we don't have that internal information. We can't actually do that Yeah Yeah, so that's UGIH. I think that's what that's the one you're thinking about the UGIH is the capacity building hub for Four cities. Yeah. Yeah, that's that's us Different talk in interesting project I think I'm at time is Are there any other questions? Yeah, no But I'm going to make a note right now because it sounds interesting. What what does it do? cool Duly noted sounds great. So there's one thing I want to say before I go, which is I Don't know about how many people in the room here Feel the same way I do but I used to feel really panicked about climate change and one of the most satisfying things for me about doing the work That I do now is like I know what my part is in this Emergency, right? Like I know what I have to do like what I have to do is write this code and and bring this data in together And I think for anyone who's like worried about climate change concerned about climate change and is wondering like What do I need to do if you have? open-source experience software development school skills project management skills community skills like There are ways to make a contribution right now for us for OS climate for Green Software Foundation, right? Like there are dozens of open-source organizations that are that are making effects for climate change and It really helps you sleep at night if it's the kind of thing that keeps you up. All right. Thank you very much


Hello everyone. She'll always start a session with a random remark to a co-worker. Welcome to the closing game. I hope you've had a good time here at Embedded Linux conference. And do I have slides? Can we get... Nope. Oh, there they are. So yeah, I did. I actually made some slides. My name is Tim Bird. I'm the architecture group chair of the Core Embedded Linux project of the Linux Foundation, which is kind of a long thing. And I'm also chair of the program committee, and this is our closing session. If you have never been to one of these before, we just, at the end of kind of a, it's not a super long week, but you know, it kind of goes late. It's nice to kind of relax and just have a little fun at the end of the at the end of the conference. And so we're going to do that right now. So first, before we do that, I just want to give a big thank you to the people that make this event possible. I was talking to someone earlier. We really couldn't do this without our sponsors. And so if you'll just join me in a round of applause for all these people. Intel is a diamond sponsor. They've been a really great sponsor for us for many years. Program committee speakers, of course, do a lot of preparation for their talks. You, as the attendees, and of course the Linux Foundation event staff, they are the best in the business. They really are. I used to run this thing myself, and it's unbelievable the amount of work it is. It goes on behind the scenes. So just a little bit of housekeeping before we get going. We already have an eLinux wiki page set up for presentations.  We'll get them off the Linux Foundation website, and we like to collect them all in one place. And then as the videos become available, we will put links on that page to the videos for each talk. So please, speakers, submit your slides. There's always a couple of stragglers. So please don't make us hunch you down. Just by way of upcoming events, Embedded Linux Conference 2018 is coming up in Portland in March. And I think the CFP for that will go online in just a couple of weeks. And then Embedded Linux Conference Europe, it wasn't actually listed on the slides and the keynotes this morning, but we are going to be co-located with Open Source Summit Europe in Edinburgh, Scotland. Again, next year, about this, actually the same exact days, because I've shifted off a day, I think, it's a Tuesday. So we invite you to come to that. But first, before we get to some of the other stuff, I just want to do a little bit of a tribute to someone who's been a long-time contributor to the Embedded Linux Conference. And so I'd like to welcome Michael Optonacker up to the stage. This is Michael Optonacker. You can see the resemblance. So he is a founder and CEO of Free Electrons. He's an active contributor to the Open Source community and his company does Embedded Linux Consulting and training around the world. And here's a picture. This is the best one I could find. I looked all over Google. I spent hours going through the slides. You're very elusive. But Michael gave a talk at ELC. He did a boff at this session here. Some of the things that Michael has been responsible for in terms of his ELC legacy, he did some video recording at one of the very first Embedded Linux Conferences in San Jose. And the videos are still online today. You can go out there and look at them. And the amazing thing, I actually went out and looked at some of these. And there's a mainlining panel that has Greg Craw Hartman on it, because, of course, that's what Greg does. He's been doing this for so long. But I was listening to it and I thought, oh, it can't be that relevant. It's still relevant. It's amazing to me. The same exact issues that we had with terms of mainlining patches in 2006 are the same ones we have today. So you can even go back 10 years, 11 years, and watch the videos. And this treasure trove of videos, Michael is pretty much the primary reason that we have them. And so I just want to give him a round of applause for doing that. Now, this will seem a little bit strange, but you have to understand a little bit of the history of ELC. So for some reason, we always give people trophies on their 11th year of contribution. So this is the third such trophy we've given. I don't know, binary, I don't know. But after 11 years of contributing to ELC, we have this trophy for you. So anyway, thanks very much. Okay. Okay, we're done. And he's a good sport. We were just talking right before the session began. So he's on the program committee and the program committee are acting as judges for the session, which means, of course, that they don't get to win any of the prizes, which is kind of a barb. This is one of the many sacrifices that people, the people, oh, I forgot. Oh, there's something that goes with it. Come back up. Um, so just as a token of our appreciation, we also got you this three terabyte wireless hard drive for storing videos. So there you go. Okay. So we're going to play some games. We're going to get to the fun part here. So as I've said before, I like to play games where everyone has a chance to win. We used to do these games where we'd pull a small number of people up out of the audience. And that was fun. It was fun to watch. But I think it's more fun if you actually have a chance to win too. We'll have two types of games in this session. We'll have a game of skill and, well, skill. You'll see. And luck. The basic outline is that for each of these games, we take, we start with the entire audience and then we narrow it down using either trivia questions or some other method. And then after we get to a small number, we'll have you come up and you'll draw for one of these great prizes. And I can see they're working on the fishbowl now for the drawing portion of it. So what's at stake? In terms of our prizes today, we have a whole bunch of development boards and also some other stuff. So I'm just going to go through these. Donated by Intel, we have four Intel Jool boards for creating autonomous robots, intelligent drones. We have a couple of middle boards donated by the Octo project. We have some Raspberry Pis and Raspberry Pi 3 Kana starter kits. And these were donated by a couple of different companies, Critio, Red Hat, the Linux Foundation. There's a Dragon board 410C also donated by the Octo project. We have a Beaglebone Black donated by the Octo project. And we have some WarpX Linux IoT boards that were donated by the WarpX community. They're up here. They're really, you may have seen them in the demo, these little tiny Wi-Fi modules, pretty cool. And then there's some other stuff. We have some mastering embedded Linux programming books donated by Chris Simmons. Chris Simmons, are you in here? Okay, yeah, there's Chris Simmons. The author of the book is here at the conference. So I talked to him this morning. You can actually, if you win one of these books, you can go get it signed by the author. That's pretty cool. We have some LWN.NET subscriptions. So if there's some article that's behind the pay thing at LWN.NET, that's not pay, it's deferred, you can go read that immediately if you get one of these subscriptions. And of course, I always put a plug in for LWN.NET because they've just done amazing work over the years at documenting and kind of creating a community because of the forum that they provide and the amount of information they provide. And then we also have, Sony has donated a mobile projector, a little Pico projector. It's about the same size as a cell phone. In that picture, there's both a cell phone and the projector. You don't get the phone. You have to provide your own phone. But anyway, so we've got some really great prizes. And before we get started, I just want to do a really brief transition. I want to get into the mode of fun for this event. So people know that I'm known for putting on shirts. I'm going to do it here. I was supposed to provide a screen. Oops. This is my Fuego t-shirt. If you don't know about Fuego, you should go check it out. Now, here's the really embarrassing part. Yeah. Oh, thank you. Thank you for that. Okay. Okay. So the sacrifices we make on the program committee to entertain our attendees. Okay. So I don't know how this looks. Luckily I don't. I can't see myself. So we'll just go with it. So our first game, let's get right into it. We have technical and nerd trivia. We have a bunch of questions. It's important to note that this game is not fair. So if you expect, you may think you know the answer, but sometimes we're tricky. And so it, you know, please don't get upset if something doesn't go your way. And the adjudication of the judges, which we have on either side, is final. So we have a warm-up question. Everyone stand up. We'll use this question to kind of train you how this is going to go. Everyone should have a red and a green paper. Does everyone have a red and green paper? Okay. If you don't, there may be some still at the back that you can grab. Okay. So this is our warm-up question. Lina Torvalds loves talking to people about Linux. So hold up. Hold up the color you think correctly. Okay. That's interesting. There are some naysayers in there. There's some contrarians. I'm not going to count this one against you. Come on. It was in the keynote this morning. He said, he said he does not like. He much prefers to do email. Okay. So if you had been holding up green, which I don't know why you're holding up green. Anyway, if you had been holding up green, we would have asked you to sit down, but that was just our warm-up question. Okay. So now we'll start with the real question. So you got the basic idea of the game. Here's our next question. What is the currently released kernel version? Is it 414 RC5 or is it 4139? Okay. About half of you are going to be unhappy, but on the other side, half of you are going to be happy. It's 4139, and I'll tell you my rationing, because released candidates don't count, but it actually says candidate in the name. And we're not on RC5, we're on RC6. That was also in the keynote this morning. Okay. So if you had, if you were holding up green, please sit down. Have you already done that? Okay. So most of you got that one right. Okay. I have a new thing. If you've seen this game before, I have a new kind of subsection of it called IoT Real or Fake. Okay. So IoT Real or Fake. This gaming toothbrush helps kids brush their teeth more effectively while helping parents keep track of their kid's brushing habits. Is that a real or a fake IoT device? Oh, wow. Okay. Well, I didn't fool anyone, I guess. The grush toothbrush system. Okay. I hope I don't run out of questions. Oh, yeah. The game's not fair. Okay. Now we'll get a little bit harder. ELC 2008 was held at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View. Museum was previously the headquarters for an early computer company. Was that MIPS or Silicon Graphics? Okay. It was Silicon Graphics. So if you were in green, sit down. Oh, I'm not wondering you're out fast enough. Uh-oh. We'll get there. Prague has how many inhabitants? Just the capital city, not the whole metropolitan area. Is it less than 2 million? Greater than 2 million. I think people are looking around and copying their neighbor. It's less than 2 million. In that case, in this case, the copying your neighbor thing worked to my advantage. What? Back. Oh, wait. Okay, green back up. I'm sorry, red. Sit down. Oh, man. Oh, we're just talking before the session. Okay, raise your hand. Okay, just hold on to your positions. Raise your hand if you were here in 20... Oh, I can't say that. Okay, never mind. Got a question on that later. I'll talk to you about it when we get to that. Okay. Someone doesn't know their colors. Okay, what developers have been doing a lot of work on size reduction upstream lately? Is it Matt Makle? Nicholas Petrie. Oh, holy smokes. I think I got the color right on this one. It's Nicholas Petrie. He's been trying to get Linux running on a system with 384K of RAM. Okay, that's fairly impressive. IoT real or fake. This egg tray reminds you when an individual egg is past its expiration date. Real or fake? Okay, this is a real product. Okay, we still got a ton of people left. Wow, okay. When was ELC Europe last held in Prague? Was it six years ago or five years ago? Yeah, I should really practice not giving the answers away. It was in 2011. Okay, so now I'm going to get back to my little story I was saying. So raise your hand if you were here in 2011. Okay, does anybody remember the closing game from that session? Oh, man, what a disaster. But I will stand by my conviction that it was the most entertaining one we ever had. Okay, now, Lava Tube Caves were recently discovered on this celestial body that could be used to house an exploration facility or a habitat. Was that the moon or Mars? Okay, it was the moon. So Red, please sit down. Okay, so that's pretty cool. Japanese spacecraft found some places we could put a moon base. IoT real or fake. This network connected Rubik's Cube can display its current configuration in real time on your smartphone. Oh, that's too bad. There's actually a YouTube video that shows something like this. How are we doing? What's our count? I cannot. The game is not fair. Thank you for... How many are we doing? Okay, it looks like we're going to have to do one more round. I know, it's a bummer when you get this close. Okay, the Prague Castle is the largest ancient castle by area in the world. Okay, okay, so judges take close note of who's got what up. It's actually true. Okay, so if you're holding up a green card right now, come on up to the stage and you have won a prize. We got three. Yeah, first come, first serve. Grab a number and it corresponds to one of these lovely prizes. Oh, this is not a prize. That's my camera. Yeah, down on that table. Oh, no, it's on this table. Here we go. Yep. Mastering Embedded Linux. Three. Oh, LWN.NET certificate. Eight. Raspberry Pi and some other SD card and some other stuff donated by Red Hat. Okay, all right. Thanks, everybody back up. Okay, that took a long time. I got to get harder questions. Here we go. Who said the following? If you're not using a stable long-term kernel, your machine is insecure. We do need harder questions because that is true. Okay, if you're red, please sit down. This product sends a Twitter message when your baby's diaper is wet. Oh, come on. This one I had to reuse from Portland because it was so good. It is a real product. And the name is priceless. The tweet P. Okay. Okay, Apple just completed their new spaceship campus. But there's another large major tech company who's proposed another kind of large building in Silicon Valley. Is it Google or Facebook? Okay. Oops. Okay, you're going to have to take my word for it. I swear I'm not making it up. It is actually Google.  Yeah, what happened? Who made these slides anyway? It's not fair. Okay, how many ELC Europe events have been held? Is it 9 or 11? Okay, the answer is 11. First one was in Linz, Austria, 2007. Okay, kernel documentation was recently, what was overhauled in the last year? We went from doc book to what new format? Was it ASCII docs, RE structured test, or markdown? Okay, commit. Okay, it was RE structured text with Sphinx as the documentation generator. Okay, how are we doing on Pete? How many we got? Okay. Let's have everybody still standing come on up. Yay. And we need our second set of numbers. All right. If I did not count correctly, this will get awkward. There you go. Okay, what did you get? 16 right here. Middle board. There you go. 18, Raspberry Pi. All right. 15. Oh, the jewel kit. Okay, 17 is over here. Raspberry Pi. Okay, 20. 20, one of the books. There you go. 14. Oh, there you go. Jewel kit. Five. Jewel kit. By the way, the Pico projector is number six in case you're 13. Oh, when are we doing? Yeah, we're doing okay. Okay, 21. The book. Okay, 19. The book. What did you get? Four. Okay, the turbo. Okay, one. Raspberry Pi, a can of kit. Okay, what number is that? Six. Okay. That's the Sony Pico projector. Vastoring by the Atlantic. There you go. You're welcome. 23. Okay. Is that it? Okay, so we have one, two, three. We have five prizes left. So let's move on to our next thing. Can you, in the back, can you turn it off and advance it to slide number 73? If my memory serves. Oh, oh, 74. My memory does not serve. Okay, so that was game number one. We still have some prizes left. So now it's time for just some bald-faced luck. So we're going to play game two. Oh, what in the heck? Okay, this Rock, Paper, Scissors. It's not the last game. Okay. Okay, so this is traditional Rock, Paper, Scissors against the presenter. We tried in Portland this last year to try to do a group one, and it just did not work. And it taught us some interesting things about herd dynamics. So this is against the presenter. And it's just classic Rock, Paper, Scissors. Rock beats scissors, scissors cuts paper. Paper covers rock. If you beat the presenter, which in this case is the presentation, you get to stay in the game. So this is actually brutal. I'm sorry, but if you tie, you have to sit down. And so we're going to knock out two-thirds of you out of go. This is kind of a guaranteed statistically we're going to slaughter you. So that's why we end with this game. So everyone stand up.  Oh, you can decide ahead of time, I guess. So ready, set, go. Okay, hold that. The presenter is Rock. If you are paper, you get to stay in the game. Okay. Okay, hands down. Ready, set, go. Okay, now I think some of you know my trick on this one, but I've actually mixed it up this time. Some people who have come to enough ELCs know that I always repeat the first two to try and trick you. Oh, I see people nodding their head, yeah. Okay, so, okay, ready, set, go. Okay, so if you are paper, you get to stay in the game. Looks like we have to do it one more time. Ready, set, go. Scissors. Okay, so if you are Rock, if you are Rock, you're in the game. How many we got? Okay. Okay, ready, set, go. Okay, if you are Rock, stay in the game. Oh, did we lose everyone? I have to see. Was that a double? Yeah, it was. Those doubles always get people. Okay, everybody back up then. Okay, ready, set, throw. Okay, ready, set, throw. Oh. Okay, stay in if you are scissors. Okay, ready, set, throw. Okay, we're still over five. We're still over five. Okay, yeah, if you guys could please mix it up, that'd be better. Ready, set, throw. Okay, there's only one Rock. There's only one Rock that I see. Ah, yeah. Okay, so I think four of you. Four of you still standing. Come on up and get a prize. Two, until Jewel board. 12 is the Warp X. Ward, there you go. Beagle bone. Okay, so we could do this one more time. I've only got one. Should we do it one more time? Have a death match over the last? Nah, let's, okay. Okay, okay, so can you advance the slides to 127? This time I think I'm actually right. Ah, okay, so thanks very much. Let's give a round of applause to the people who won prizes. And I just have one closing thought here. And this is, I've taken the next couple slides from some training that I do internally at Sony. And it's a thought that I've given before, but I think it's worth remembering. And that is a common mistake, what I call the first mistake when people get involved with open source. And it's something that I learned fairly early, but probably not early enough, in my own open source career. I remember I was at Ottawa Linux Symposium. And sorry, it's hard to be taken seriously with this thing on, right? So I was at Ottawa Linux Symposium and I had gone out to dinner with some other people at the event.  And so I kept saying stuff like, oh, I wish we would, I wish you guys would help us with what we're doing here in terms of getting stuff upstream. And I kept saying you and us, and the community, that's not how the community works. It's not a case of you are something separate from the community. It's very much a case that you are part of the community. If you see something that's not happening that you want to happen, you can't just sit around and hope someone else does it. You got to go out and kind of make it happen yourself. And you have every right, no matter whether you've been doing this for over 20 years like I have, or if this is the first time you've just been working on Linux for a couple of weeks, you have the same right and privilege to go out and make stuff happen, to go out and contribute. And so don't make the mistake of isolating yourself, of thinking of the community as someone else. The community is you and you can enjoy all the benefits of being involved in this great effort. So with that, I want to thank you for coming to our conference. Hope to see you again in the future. And that's it. Thank you very much for being here.