Think Tech Hawaii. Civil engagement lives here. Welcome to Adventures in Small Business, a collaborative effort by the U.S. Small Business Administration, Hawaii, District Office, the SBDC Small Business Development of Hawaii, VBAC, the Veterans Business Outreach Center of the Pacific, and the Pat C. Teaming Center for Business and Leadership. All great partners. Today, we have Valele Malecki here with us today. She is the CEO and owner of the Vaheva Soap Company. So, tell us about yourself, your background. My background, so I have a business degree. I worked for a bunch of different corporations before I actually started my soap company, worked for, I mean, advertising for the Honolulu Advertiser and then I worked for Kamehameha Schools. I just really wanted to start my own business. I wasn't sure at that time what exactly it was going to be in, but my partner and I, we both worked at Kamehameha Schools for the soap company and we decided, hey, let's just start off a little soap company, do it as a partnership and do it on the side. And so, for a whole year, we just did it on the side, like a little hobby. Wow, because you have a really diverse background. So, how long ago did you start this company? We started, maybe this is going on the fourth year, I think.  Wow, that's a big move. So, what really motivated you to, you know, leave that security of a job and kind of do your own business? Just the independence, I guess, that you get with your own business. It's not the money for sure in the beginning, but I'm sure that'll come. But it's definitely the independence and the flexibility that you get when you operate your own business. And then, yeah, someone asked me, I think my son that asked me what is it that I like about being my own boss and I think it's, you're able to push your own, I don't know if agenda is the right word, it's a little bit strong, but push your own agenda so you get to do all the things that you thought was porno, you thought was right, so you get to do it in your own business.  I have four kids and I have two businesses, so the soap company and I have a retail shop in Kapolei.   I think now I'm kind of at a point where I dedicate certain days to certain businesses, I mean, they're all overlapped because there's things that pop up for different things that I need to take care of right away, but for the most part, certain days I'll say, okay, this is for the soap company and have to like fully dedicate myself to that and kind of ignore other things, you know, so kind of let that sit on the back burner for now. If there's hard deadlines and there's just hard deadlines, you can't do anything about them, but it is a lot of work. I would definitely work more than I did in a lot of my other jobs.   The feedback from the customer is that success from that perspective. From the business perspective, I think when I get to hire people and, you know, you get to give them a job and they've never had a job or you get to see them grow into a position that, you know, they feel comfortable and they start to thrive in, that's kind of a success for me. And when we all thrive as a business, you know, you see the numbers start to grow to that success for me too. Right.  So can you tell us, you know, what makes your brand unique? You know, I see all the products here and I love them. I've tried them, but tell us, you know, what makes it unique? I think there's a lot of soap companies out there. I'm not sure if there's a lot of Native Hawaiians soap companies out there. So I think we come from a different, we have different lens when we see businesses or when we see our products, you know, like we really understand, like, why we use certain products and how our ancestors use them as well. Like kakuna oil is such a big deal in skincare for local products. And, you know, you understand, you read all the stories about it, how to use, how Hawaiians use it in different things. So that's kind of a cool thing to bring to the table as far as being different. So did you see any challenges, you know, getting all that information on your soap?  Can you tell us, like, you know, what goes into this? And like you said, you use a lot of Native products and it's, you know, based around a lot of culture. Do you put that on your products, the message? I try to, we just put the, it's hard to fit everything on your packaging. So we just try to keep it as far as the design wise. We try to use Native fauna or the pele. You know, it has some, they all have designs that are inspired by Hawaii. And so as far as making soap, we make it from scratch. And so it's kind of interesting. Commercial soaps, they, all soaps are made this way. So it's kind of going back to basics. And commercial soaps, when they began to commercialize soaps, they actually take out the great things in soap and they substitute it with synthetic material that can be irritating to your skin. And so we've just actually handmade soap is just kind of going back to the basics and what we're able to do now, the way we were able to do now, we get to pick and choose really good skin care products to put into it. So like I use olive oil, a lot of soap is coconut oil, because it's a lot cheaper. But I use primarily olive oil in my soaps. It's much more mild. It's nicer on your skin and moisturizing. Oh, great. So are there any challenges trying to get these ingredients and putting it together? Oh, yeah, it's hard. There's not too much local manufacturers. And so we have to kind of scour to see who's making what in in Hawaii. And so getting honey from a no honey, or we get the Makai soap here, we use the luffa from whole farms and kind of grind it up. So you have to be kind of creative and you have to find certain farmers that do certain things that we can use. The here, this one is made with turmeric or alena from locally. So you just have to be creative and try to try to find find local ingredients. I know that's one of our challenges, you know, with small businesses, you know, getting the ingredients right and trying to scale up in your business, it depends on the agriculture. Yes. I know we work closely with the Department of Ag to make sure that all our farmers can produce all the ingredients, like you said, the honey, the alena. So I noticed you also have lotions. Is that something new or? Yeah, the lotions came on came online after the soaps. So we definitely wanted to add more products to our product line. So that came on after and we use the cocoa butter just kind of hooked up with Manoa chocolates. And so we get all our cocoa butter from them. Oh, great. So sounds like, you know, one of the ways you solved some of your issues is collaboration, and really working together with the other businesses. So is there any advice you want to give to like how to solve these problems, especially what made in Hawaii, Hawaii products? I don't know. I've always kind of thought like business you kind of who we up together, especially when we're making stuff. So I've always thought that we should kind of figure out what other businesses are out there that's doing something similar to you and try to collaborate to see if you can bring things in together, go into it as a hui and bring our costs down and hopefully make more profit that way. And that's something that we've been kicking around for a long time at the store. How do we get the vendors together to kind of hui up and work together as a team as opposed to yes, we're always going to be competitors. But let's, you know, let's figure out a way. And so supplies is definitely issue. Everything shipped in. Can we like figure out a way to get all the shipment together, bring it all in one time and then kind of disperse that to other different small businesses that to me will be an awesome thing if somebody could figure it out. I know you're working on it. Yes. And what kind of resources have you found, you know, to get you to that goal? Well, SBA has been super awesome. Every time I reach out to SBA, Patsy Mink Center, they've always been an open door for us. And so I know there's some things going on in the community and why and I went in peace and they're doing a lot of talking about supporting small businesses. And so I know there's a lot of wanting to create some economic development and supporting that in different communities. And I would definitely love to see that happen in my community as well. So yeah, I think there's a lot of talk going on about it. So right, right. I know we're we've been talking earlier and we're kind of seeing how do we get all the artisans and practitioners together, right, even for some business education, so that they can do a strategic plan and see work together not only for the manufacturing ingredients, but for their livelihood. Yes. So yeah, thank you for that. I know you've been instrumental in trying to get everybody together. So tell us a little bit about the lotion. Can we try? Yeah, sure. So what's what's the popular seller? The popular ones are like pretty much the the pikaque and the plumaria coat. These are pretty much the popular ones for the lotions. And I think because a lot of people or tourists are buying it to take back home. And so they like the sense of Hawaii. And so that's what is kind of in their mind when they think about Hawaii, coconut, the pikaque smell and plumaria. So yeah, that's that's my top three for the lotions. So you sell to the locals and the tourists market? And so do you know, like can you tell us like about that? What's the split do you think? I want to say now it's like 6040. So 60% tourists? Yes, 60% tourists. And you didn't even tell us why you chose soap in the first place? Oh, yeah, we did. So my partner and I, we both have children that have eczema. So my son, he really bad all over. He doesn't have really bad eczema, but on his legs. He's allergic to grass, dirt. So when he's in sports, he just gets really bad skin issues on his leg. And my friend, her daughter has really bad eczema too. And so when we started to use that it doesn't heal it.  It's what you put in your body. But it does kind of soothe the symptoms. And so after that was it was kind of like you never use a commercial soap after that. So well, that's great.  You know, and that that's what triggers us to do more. So yeah, thank you for that. So with that eczema, is there any suggestions like on the lotion and the so specific ones or so that you have to read the label whenever you use certain products and I would stay away from if you see parabens or phthalates and whatever you're using, definitely stay away from it. And what we wanted to do was just use ingredients that you're familiar with. So you'll never usually you'll never see a natural soaps ingredients that you can't pronounce. They're not made with synthetic products. And so you really want to stay away from a lot of those preservatives and synthetics. Oh, okay. So you know, where do you can ask you where do you see yourself, maybe in the next five years and 10 years. I know, it's a hard one. I've always, I've never wanted to be a big manufacturer of soap kind of wanted to keep it on a smaller scale, but it was starting to grow. And so I'm starting to kind of look at that model and understand that I really need to scale up in order to keep up with my orders, starting to get into Japan and starting to get bigger, getting to bigger stores. And so really trying to understand that I need to become, you know, I need to step into that rule and become a bigger manufacturer of the products. So. Oh, great. So and then tell us a little bit about the store. Okay. Yeah. The store is like, we try to focus on Made in Hawaii's products and artisans. So we have over 70 different local small businesses in our store. The store is called Noel and it's, you know, some it means someone that's very skilled. We're looking for people that really skilled at what they do. They've been in the craft fairs. They've been around. People know them. So we're looking for that type of brand to come into our store. It's really fun. When people come into our store, they see all these different brands that they've loved over all these years and new ones too. And so that's kind of a neat concept that we get to work in. So where is the store located? Like Kamakanali. And do you have any plans to expand? Yeah. More stores? Yeah. We definitely are looking into seeing where we can find a place for us. Great. Okay. So we are going to take a short break and when we come back, we want to find out more about how they can get into the store. Okay. Great. Hey, Stan Energyman here on Think Tech Hawaii. And they won't let me do political commentary. So I'm stuck doing energy stuff, but I really like energy stuff. So I'm going to keep on doing it. So join me every Friday on Stan Energyman at lunchtime at noon on my lunch hour. We're going to talk about everything energy, especially if it begins with the word hydrogen. We're going to definitely be talking about it. We'll talk about how we can make Hawaii cleaner, how we can make the world a better place, just basically save the planet. Even Miss America can't even talk about stuff like that anymore. We got it nailed down here. So we'll see you on Friday at noon with Stan Energyman. Aloha. Aloha, I'm Dave Stevens, host of the Cyber Underground. This is where we discuss everything that relates to computers that's just kind of scare you out of your mind. So come join us every week here on ThinkTechHawaii.com 1pm on Friday afternoons and then you can go see all our episodes on YouTube. Just look up the Cyber Underground on YouTube. All our shows will show up and please follow us. We're always giving you current relevant information to protect you. Keeping you safe. Aloha. About her soap company and during the break I was admiring this one and smelling it. This is a rainbow? Yes, it is. Oh, so how many flavors are in here? There's just one scent but it's just we had to layer it with different different colors. Oh, my favorite. Okay, I'm taking all these samples home. Lucky you. Okay, so I wanted to get back and talk to you about the store, Noyal Designers.  How do they, how can they reach out and get in the store or you know, get to that level where you guys can display their things or help them? Well, definitely email us at Noyal Designers, S at the end, so plural, Noyal Designers at gmail.com. Send us your top five different products, maybe links to your social media pages and just kind of give us a synopsis of what you do and we'll definitely get in touch with you. Oh, great. Is there any types of products that do better than others in the store? For sure, it's apparel, like local apparel, which is which is great, like local sayings, you know, I think people can connect with that, so that and jewelry does really well in our store. So, I know you said the stores in Kamakana Lee and Kapolei. Yes. So, do tourists go there or is it mostly local shopping? We do have a mix because the Hampton Hotel sits right on the property and then there's one other hotel down the street and then they're building another one nearby. So, within like a three mile radius, there's like three different hotels and so we're getting a different mix now. So, we're getting you see tourists from Canada, you see from Canada, you see tourists from Japan come through. So, yeah, definitely a mix of customers. Oh, great. That's awesome. So, will we be seeing you in Waikiki soon? Yeah, we'd love to go there. Okay, we got to get together. Yeah, that's great. So, do you see any future products for your line, your specific line, anything new coming up? Yeah, so in Japan, they definitely ask for certain specific products. We had lotions that we didn't have the matching soaps and Japan, they want the matching soaps. So, if we had a coconut lotion, we didn't have the coconut soap there, so they wanted all to match up and so we're starting to work on the label to satisfy that demand. So, is it going to be a special products just for Japan? Maybe, we'll see. Yeah, we'll see. We'll test it here too to see if people like it here but. Yeah, I heard that Japan, they like you know special packaging for their omiyage, their gift set. So, how do you how do you figure out the packaging and everything for them? You mean like how do I design the packaging for them? So, now we so I thought that we would have to change it because I know Japan, they like it kind of muted the colors but our we have someone, our importer is testing it now and he's telling me that it's selling itself. So, yeah, so I'm thinking we're going to be okay. He said it looks Hawaiian. You know, when they look at the packaging, it looks Hawaiian. They know that it's coming from a Hawaiian company and so I think people are responding well to the products. Oh, that's great. You know, so in retail we always know that whatever Hawaii loves, Japan loves more. So, you know, how did you get into the Japan market? Did you have help or any resources? Yeah, so I attended the Tokyo International Gift Show with SBDC. I got to a goal there last year and so there we were able to network with a lot of different Hawaii businesses and you're able to find out who you should talk to if you need an importer. SBDC also has a lot of resources too and so I was able to find someone that took my product, got it tested, or able to put the right packaging label on it for Japan customs and then now he's starting to go through the market. Oh, that's great. I know the program you're talking about all of the partners participate. It's the high step. Yes. Yeah, we go to the Tokyo International Gift Show. Correct. And then we have a Hawaii Pavilion where we feature all local vendors. Right. So, that's amazing. We've been there for several years and, you know, it's great to see local companies thrive in Japan. So, I'm so proud that you're in there. That's great. Thank you. Yeah. Thanks for everyone to help. Yeah, I wouldn't have gotten there if they weren't supporting us along the way. So, yeah, to all your partners, Fatsiming Center, SBDC, High Step, yeah, total support along the way. Yeah, they're all great partners. So, you know, that's one message we can give is, you know, for entrepreneurs is get those resources. I mean, their very low costs are free. Yes. A lot of resources, yeah. Right. Great. So, what do you want to leave your audience with today about your company? What do you think? If they haven't tried it, maybe, you know?  Now, everybody can be an entrepreneur. But if you really want to do it, I just say, find, you know, learn as much as you can. Connect with as much people as you can. There's a lot of resources, like we've been saying, that can help you along the way. And just go for it. Yeah. And what are some lessons that you've learned that you can share? Oh, gosh, so many. Learn quick books. Yeah, learn quick books. And never stop learning. Yeah, I think that's definitely for me. Like, I've been to all the fairs at Leeward. I don't know who puts them on, SBA, probably, but I just constantly trying to learn. I mean, I have a degree, but I still work with people to understand more about how to run businesses. So, yeah, just keep learning. Yeah, I know a lot of people with business degrees, even masters, and, you know, they sit without that hands-on experience. It's totally different. It's true, you know. It's so true. I go back and I read my books, my accounting books, and now I'm like, oh, now I get it, because you're actually doing it. Right, right. Well, that's great. So, another thing I wanted to ask you is, how did you actually build your brand? Can you kind of tell us, like, how it came about? So, we actually hired someone to be hired a professional, Cicely Long Designs, to help us develop our brand. She's this brand specialist. So, we kind of sat with her for a long time and kind of told her what we're looking for.  And so, this is what we kind of settled on together. So, it was kind of a neat process, but if you're unsure, like, you're not a professional at everything. I think that's the thing that I've learned too. A big lesson for me is that you're not a professional at everything. So, find the people that are and, you know, kind of trust them and know that they mean they will do well for your company. Oh, this is great. Yeah, because, you know, a lot of people say, well, I don't know anything about, you know, how to bottle or get these things. You know, where do I start? So, that's a great resource too. Awesome. So, find the resources, the right resources. So, what else do you want to tell us about anything about your business, you know, how it developed and any of the challenges you had along the way? It's definitely finding labor too. Finding the right people to work with. That's been difficult. A lot of the times it's our family, my husband, my kids are helping to stamp the soap. So, and interesting enough, like, the boys, my sons, they don't want to work in a soap company. They'll do, they'll work in the store, but not at the soap company. So, finding the right people, I think, getting the right people on the bus is super important. And I know you guys do a lot of fun events, so, you know, you never make it a boring thing. Oh, you mean at the store, you're talking about, oh yeah, we have monthly cultural events, we do a lot of hala, coconut, onion, papaya, new weaving, haku making. Yeah, we try to definitely keep it fun there. And the artisans too, sometimes they'll come out and participate too, they're volunteer or they'll work for us. So, yeah, just a lot of different things going on to keep it fresh and fun. And so, where do, how do we know what's happening at the, at your store with all the artisans? Is there a schedule or? Yeah, follow us on social media, for sure. We're at Noyal Designers for Instagram. It's definitely one of the best ways that we communicate with our customers. And so, what were some of the popular ones? Did you say weaving? The most popular ones is the coconut, the coconut hat weaving, the papale new. I know, surprisingly, that every time we do it, it's sold out. So, yeah. And so, who participates in it? We have different customers that sign up, we always sell out, but we have like a master weaver from Waianae or Makaha, I can't remember which one they're from, it's a husband and wife and then they come out and they teach the class, but every time it sells out. So, it's kind of fun. That's cool. Yeah. Oh, what other classes do you folks offer? Let's see. Oh, we had Namaka Kahiko, you know him, he does the hairpics. Right. He's done that. Oh, and then his kids did a slime workshop. So, that was fun. Yeah. So, he does the Ohe Kapala, right? Ohe Kapala. Yes. So, how does he do that? I mean, because that's really difficult to finish in a workshop. I think it's on a smaller scale. So, I think they take it home and they finish it. So, he starts them off and then they take it home and they finish it. Yeah, because I tried one a little bit forever. I think he had to finish mine. It's beautiful. It comes up beautiful. I know. I mean, it's really sturdy too. I was surprised at how, because we have such long hair. So, it's nice to find something that sticks in your hair. Great. And I know you said you had what, over 70 companies? Yes. Wow. So, can you just give us a name for a few?  So, let's see. New Orleans, we have twine and luxe. She does like vegan leather bags. So, that's kind of neat. We have Strong Arm Hawai'i. It's a little strong. It's his products, but everyone loves it. So, he does hoodies and he tells, you know, a lot of Mo'olelo on his hoodies. So, those are really cool. So, that's cool. So, you know, if I want to know more and everybody else wants to know more, we got to go down to your store. So, again, tell us where we can find you. We're at Kamakana Ali in Kapole next to Coffee Bean and Tea by Center Court. No way out, designers. No way out, designers. Thank you so much, Lele, for joining us today. We'd love to learn about your company in the store. Great. Thank you. Thank you.


The occasion of our fiftieth birthday as a program, I find it fitting that we take this opportunity not only to commemorate our founding as an interdisciplinary space to analyze, envision and build more equitable, just and kind communities, but also to reflect about how far we have yet to go in terms of this work. The change had to come not by flowing with the institution because it was rotten to the core at that time, but to challenge it every way possible. I feel like my history as being Hmong American and also just my drive, it's really weird to say that, but my drive to address the uncomfortable emotions that exist within me is kind of the fire that continues to push me forward. As a queer and trans Asian-American person, that my space here was never meant for me and it never imagined being like this space and that everyone, every elder like fought tooth and nail for us to be here. And even if Asian-American studies isn't perfect, but the principles of it is rooted in radical love.


Stranger kept staring at sleeping son, slips mama note with cash. She knew something wasn't right. No one intently stares at you like that for nothing. She knew this man had something to say, and she bet it wasn't going to be pleasant. Her son demanded so much attention that she didn't notice when he finally rose from his seat and headed straight for her. He was carrying something that would impact her world forever. 23-year-old Sammy Welch and her 3-year-old son had just boarded the second train of their six-hour journey. They were going back home to Plymouth after visiting her parents when something unexpected happened. Sammy is a single mother so she was used to the attention of being both parents sometimes brought but nothing could have prepared her for this. With the heavy day of travel, her son was beginning to get tired and cranky. Sammy had her work cut out for her as she did her best to get him to sleep and behave. But Sammy was also exhausted. She was running around all weekend, tending to her son as she usually does but was also making sure she spent quality time with her family. Now, she was already thinking about work tomorrow and arranging a babysitter. Sammy was struggling to stay happy and hide her exhaustion from her son. She never wanted him to feel her stress or to make him feel like he was the cause of it. She loved him dearly. Although she hid it well from her little boy, someone else would see right through her facade and use it as an excuse to comment on her parenting skills. When Sammy first started to get a little upset, she appeased him with his favorite snack. She knew this was just the calm before the possible storm and it was only the start of their train journey. It was when her son fell asleep, that she first felt eyes watching her and her son. She turned around. She was right. A man was looking directly at her. She could feel his judging eyes burn her back as he watched how she would handle her young boy in public. The man looked at her without a smile. He wore glasses and a hat and looked rather dissatisfied with something. It was Sammy's worst nightmare come true. She was stuck in an enclosed space with prying, judgmental eyes as she did her best to keep her son from crying and causing a racket to everyone else. She ignored the man that continued to stare at her and her boy. She imagined that he was telepathically threatening her to move elsewhere. Then it got much much worse. After Sammy's son finished his nap, he needed something else to keep him entertained so Sammy got out a pack of cards and started to teach him card games. Her son laughed and clapped as they played and she often had to tell him to quieten down and be mindful of the other people on the train. But for one man, it was too late. He had seen and heard enough. Sammy knew something was about to go down. No one constantly stares like that at you for nothing. She knew the man in the hat and glasses had something to say. She was so wrapped up in her son that she didn't notice when he finally rose from his seat and headed straight for her. Before the man got up off his seat, he grabbed a pen and paper from his briefcase and quickly scribbled down his thoughts. He tucked the pen away and folded the piece of paper. He carried it in his hand as he made his way over to Sammy and then to the exit door of the train. His stop was next. As he passed Sammy, he tapped her on the shoulder. Surprised, Sammy turned to see the same man that was staring at her earlier stand over her. He was tall and looked older now that he was up close. She braced herself for what he would say to her. She still had the feeling that he was judging her. He looked at the boy and then back to Sammy. I think you dropped something, he said as he handed her the piece of paper. Confused, Sammy took the piece of paper that he was shoving into her hand. She watched as he exited the train and then unfolded what was in her hand. Inside the paper were a $5 bill and a note that read, Have a drink on me. You are a credit to your generation, polite in teaching the little boy good manners. On the back read, PS I have a daughter your age. Someone did the same for her once. Hope when she has children she is as good a mother as you. Sammy was so overwhelmed by this kind gesture that it took all she had not to break down in tears right then and there. She received a note of encouragement just when she needed it most. But who was this man? After. Posting her story online, Sammy was asked to appear on Good Morning Britain. The nation rallied to find the mysterious man that gifted her with his kind message and note she'd never forget. Sammy was desperate to find him and thank him for how he made her feel in a moment of complete exhaustion. Turns out, she wouldn't have to wait long. Just a few days after her TV appearance, 50-year-old Ken Saunders reached out to her after seeing their story in a local newspaper.  They were able to meet and as it turns out, Saunders is someone who just enjoys performing good deeds, especially to those deserving.


To understand the dietary implications of the new autoimmune theory of cancer, we must first have to understand how the immune system works. This was one of the greatest mysteries in all of biology, solved by brilliant scientists who won the Nobel in 1960 for figuring out the clonal selection theory of immunity. Each one of our antibody-producing immune cells, called B cells, produces only one type of antibody. Antibodies are one of the main weapons our immune system uses to attack foreign invaders, and they're specific. It's not like we have one B cell that covers grass pollen, and another that covers bacteria. We have a B cell in our body whose only job is to produce antibodies against the pollen of purple Siberian onion grass, whether or not we ever come in contact with it. Another whose only job it is to make antibodies against the tail proteins of a bacteria that lives only in the thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean. Wait a second, there must be like a billion different things in the world. If each of our B cells produces only one type of antibody, then we'd have to have like a billion different types of B cells. And we do, which is totally amazing. So let's suppose one day you're walking along and get attacked by a platypus. They actually have poison spurs on their heels, you know. And so for your whole life, up until that point, the B cell in your body that produces antibodies against duck-billed platypus venom was just hanging around, twiddling its thumbs until that very moment. As soon as the venom is detected, it raises its hands and says me, me, me, me, me. Starts dividing like crazy, makes copies of itself, and soon you have a whole swarm of clones specialized for platypus-poison protection, fending off the toxin, and you live happily ever after. That's how the immune system works.


Beef ribs cooked on an open fire check out how we did it. Sriracha has a binder I'll rub that in dano chipotle hit it with a pop-pop some of my bourbon smoked black pepper from the other day We're gonna use a second binder on this just a little bit of oil. We're gonna hit it with the dano scrunchie Swing it over lock it in All right, y'all we're an hour and a half in we're gonna flip these over Let them continue. We let them cook for about 20 minutes with the meat side down Let this continue to do this thing. All right, it's time. It's been three hours. Let's go get a bite Get by that I'm telling you what There is not a lot of meat on that but the meat that's on there is absolutely delicious That's the poley with the crunchy the binder of the sriracha. Absolutely amazing. Hope y'all enjoyed the video I got sales my first time doing it. So be nice See you next time. Keep sprinkling


T. F. N. N. headline news update. Good morning everybody I'm Tommy O'Brien company live from T. F. N. headquarters in St. Petersburg Florida it's Wednesday nine a.m. Eastern time 30 minutes to go until the opening bell we got markets on the negative side right now Dow futures negative by sixty five points trading at twenty eight thousand eight sixty nine S&P futures negative by six trading at thirty two eighty one NASDAQ futures negative by twelve points trading at nine thousand fifty we got the ten year yield negative on the session so far with a one point seven handle one point seven eight five we'll start things off we're going to jump over to the VIX this morning a little bit of negative market action we have Bank of America earnings out this morning we have Goldman shares trading a bit lower this morning and target guiding down they are down almost eight percent this morning the VIX twelve sixty eight very little volatility priced into this market we'll jump over to the charts we'll start it off with the Dow as you can see a little bit of an escalation to the downside just didn't even in the last half hour twenty eight thousand eight fifty six right now in the March Dow contract NASDAQ 100 we're up there for a high pre-market of nine thousand seventy four currently trading at nine thousand fifty S&Ps were up as high as thirty two eighty eight currently trading at thirty two eighty crude oil little bit of volatility we get the EIA number an hour excuse me an hour and a half from right now ten thirty am eastern time Tom and I will be on there for that crude trading at fifty eight fourteen gold catching a bit of a bid in the last hour as well gold trading at fifteen fifty six we got the PPI this not this morning that may be driving some action in gold and the Euro US dollars in at one eleven fifty terms of what else you have happening across the market I mentioned the PPI so why don't we jump to that you US producer prices barely rise in December producer price index for the final demand ticked up point one percent last month after being unchanged in November one of the biggest movers pre-market so far target shares plunging as holiday sales misestimates on weakness in toys and electronics so same store sales up just one point four percent during the holidays that compared to five point seven percent a year ago Goldman shares with their earnings topping revenue expectations but quarterly profit hit by a one point one billion with a B dollar legal bill and Bank of America out there earnings as well beating analyst profit estimates on rebound on bond trading revenue that fixed income trading for those banks quite a number there's Bank of America looks to open a little bit lower maybe thirty five pennies some volatility and Goldman Sachs close to two forty five I'm on looking open two forty one and target to the downside one sixteen close to one twenty five stay tuned folks Larry Pennsylvania at nine I'll be back at ten o'clock with Tom we'll be right back


Hello, welcome to this lecture of bio mathematics. In the last lecture, we have been discussing about vectors. We introduced the idea of vectors and we discussed why would we need to use vectors at all. And we found that for example, if you want to calculate the force between charges in a on a protein or any system, any charge system, you would need vectors. To also represent like the motion, flow, all those things are very important thing in biology. For all this to mathematically represent, to convey this idea mathematically, you need to use the idea of vectors. So, in this context, we also ask this question. If you have three charges, what will be the force on one of the charges due to other charges? And as an exercise, we wanted to calculate this clearly explicitly. So, that as an example, you all will know how to calculate force on a charge due to other charges. And through this, we will learn many ideas of vectors. By calculating this force, we will learn many things about vectors. So, let us go and see what the question we were asking. Just a reminder ourselves, what exactly the question we were asking. So, this lecture is vectors part two. And the question we were asking is basically three charges and calculating the total force. And our the aim of the thing, what we want to understand is that, if you have this negative charge and two plus charges, in which direction the negative charge will move? Will it move this way? Will it move this way? Will it move this way? Will it move this way? So, in which direction will it move? That is the question. And that is what exactly we are trying to answer. So, while answering this, we did to begin with, to do this, we did a few things. We calculated the position of each of these charges. So, if we say that this is in an x y plane and this is sitting at the plus 4 on the x axis, this q 1 is sitting on the minus 6 position on the x axis. If q 2 is sitting on plus 8 position of the y axis, we said that r 1, which is the position of the first charge is minus 6 x, r 2 is plus 8 y and r 3 is plus 4 x. So, we said this. And we also calculated the distance between first charge and second charge. The distance between the first charge and the third charge and the distance between the second charge and the third charge. So, this distance is basically shown here. So, what is shown here is basically r 1 2. So, this is where we stopped in the last lecture. We calculated r 1 2. r 1 2 is the distance between this charge and this charge, there is a first charge and the second charge. R 2 3 is the distance between second charge and the third charge and R 1 3 is the displacement vector of this charge, 10 a, it is between first charge and third charge. So, all these are vectors and there is a direction for all this. Now, it, there is a meaning for all this, like think about what exactly this 8 y plus 6 x means. So, in other words, this is 6 x plus 8 y, right. This, you can either call it 8 y plus 6 x or 6 x plus 8 y, they are the same. Now, what does this mean? If you think about it, there is a 6 x. That means, so this says that to go from first charge to second charge, you have to go 6 along the x direction and 8 along the y direction. So, that is what it means, 6 along the x direction and 8 along the y direction. If you go from, 6 along the, if you go, if you travel or if you move, 6 along the x direction, that is from here to here and 8 along the y direction, that is from here to here, you will reach the second charge. That is what precisely this means. Which way you have to move, such that you will get from the first charge to the second charge and how much you have to move, that is what it is. And R 2 3 is from the second charge to third charge, which way you have to move, this is the way you have to move and how much you have to move, that is, that is what is coded into this vector R 2 3. So, when somebody says R 2 3 is 4 x minus 8 y. So, first you have to do minus 8 y, that is, you have to come down minus 8, the decreasing direction of y, you have to come 8. So, 8 along the minus y, that is what minus 8 y means, 8 along the minus y you have to go, then 4 along the plus x. So, minus 8 y plus 4 x. So, that is what this is, minus 8 y plus 4 x, that is what this means, that is, to go from 2 to 3, you have to travel 8 unit along the negative direction of the y axis and 4 unit along the plus direction of the 4 x axis. What is R 1 3 equal to 10 x means? To go from 1 to 3, you have to just travel 10 unit along the x axis in the positive x direction, that is what it is, you do not have to go along the y axis. So, there is no y component here. So, from this, when you say a displacement vector R 1 2, R 2 3, etcetera, it has some meaning. Take this slide, hold it and think about it. Just spend some time with this slide and convince yourself that R 1 2 is nothing but the distance to go from 1, the way to go from 1 to 2, what kind of, where you have to, which direction you have to travel and how much you have to travel. That is what precisely encoded in this R 1 2. When you say that R 1 2 is 6 x plus 8 y, that means, to go from 1 to 2, you have to go 6 units along the x axis and 8 units along the y axis. So, it is a recipe to move, if you want, if you wish. This is some kind of a recipe given to you to know which direction, how exactly you have to move, precise information. So, if somebody says 6 x plus 8 y, this is a precise information, how much you have to move, in which direction and all that. So, there is some meaning. If you wish, take a graph paper and mark all this in the graph paper and then do it yourself and convince yourself and the only way to learn I think is to do this yourself and convince yourself. So, we understand the distance or the distance between those. Now, we have to calculate the force. So, again let us go back to the question. So, here, if you look at the slide here, the question we want to ask is the force on the second charge, what is it? The force on the second charge, F 2 is F 2 1 plus F 2 3. What is F 2 1? F 2 1 is force on the second charge due to the first charge. That is F 2 1, force on the second charge due to the first charge. So, the first charge will try to attract this and with some force. So, that is this F 2 1. F 2 3 is force on the second charge due to the third charge. The third charge will exert some force on the second charge. As you know, these are plus and minus charges. So, this plus charge will try to pull this, attract this. So, there will be some force along this direction due to the third charge. That is this one and there will be some force along this direction due to this charge. That is F 2 1. Now, if there are two forces, in which way will it move? Precisely, you have to know where exactly, precisely in which direction it will move. So, this is what we will calculate. So, now, of course, we will start calculating with F 2 1. We will precisely calculate this number F 2 1. If we have this F 2 1, then we can calculate F 2 3 and sum this and you get the answer F 2. So, let us go ahead and see how do we calculate F 2 1. So, here, have a look at this slide. In this slide, you have two charges. Again, Q 1 Q 2 as we had and we knew that this R 1 2 is 6 x plus 8 y and the magnitude of the force F 2 1. We know that Q 1 Q 2 by K R square is the magnitude of the force. This is the Coulomb's law. The Q 1 Q 2, K is a constant which is 4 pi epsilon 0 epsilon R and R 1 2 square. This is the distance square between these two charges. Now, how do we calculate this distance between these two charges? R 1. So, you can see here two lines. So, this lines represents, this lines is called magnitude. So, this two lines, if you put a vector between these two lines, that means magnitude of a vector. So, have a look at here. Then you say A is a vector and if you say this means, what is the magnitude? How or if you want like R is a vector and if you say mode R, this is the magnitude of R or you can also if this is a vector, it is a distance vector like we had. So, let us say we had a distance vector here R 1 2 and we had this magnitude of R 1 2. So, while we since we are going to learn how to calculate the force when we do this, we will go ahead and learn a few things through this. So, while we learning the calculation of the force, we will learn some concepts in vectors also and this one of this concepts is magnitude of the vector. So, this is the displacement vector and the magnitude of the vector actually means. So, this also would mean the magnitude. So, this is another concept in the vector algebra. So, magnitude of a vector, how do we calculate this? So, while we calculate the force, we will learn how to calculate this and which will be used to calculate the force. So, that is the strategy we are going to use. So, let us learn how to calculate this R 1 2. .. So, R 1 2 as I said is magnitude, it is also the distance of the vector. That is if you have a vector like this from here to here, this distance if this is R 1 2 vector at this distance is called mode R 1 2. Mode R 1 2 will give you the distance from here to here. So, this is what will be represented in mode R 1 2. Now, how do we calculate this mode? That is what we will discuss. So, if you have any vector let us say A and if the vector is 3 x plus 4 y, mode A is mode 3 x plus 4 y. So, this is calculated as root of take the coefficient of x square it plus take the coefficient of y square it. So, this is the mode A. So, this is 3 is square is 9, this is 16. So, this is root 25. So, this is 5. 5 is the magnitude of this vector A. That is what it means. If we have any vector v which is v 1 along the x axis and v 2 along the y axis, mode v is equal to square root of v 1 square plus v 2 square. That is the formula for magnitude of a vector. So, this is magnitude of a vector. So, in the case where we are discussing what we want to calculate is actually the magnitude of force. So, we had force is equal to q 1 q 2 by k R 1 2, this is R 1 2, this is R 1 2 magnitude square. So, have a look at this slide again. So, we had R 1 2 square here. So, when you have this R 1 2 square the mode R 1 2 as we just discussed. So, R 1 2 is nothing but 6 x plus 8 y, 6 x plus 8 y is R 1 2. The way to calculate R 1 2 is basically mode R 1 2 can be calculated as we say as we just discussed is square root of the coefficient of x which is 6 square plus coefficient of y which is 8 square. So, mode R 1 2 is equal to root of 6 square plus 8 square which is root of 6 square, 6 square is 36, 8 square is 64. So, 36 plus 64 is 100. So, square root of 100 is 10. So, mode R 1 2 is 10. So, mode F 2 1 is q 1 q 2 by k into mode R 1 2 square is 10 square which is 100. So, essentially q 1 q 2 by 100 k is the magnitude of this vector that is the force, the magnitude how much force this q 2 will feel is q 1 q 2 by 100 k. If you know the q 1, if you know the q 2 this is the force. So, let us just discuss what we discussed about magnitude once more. If you have any vector a in 3 D, let a be a 1 x plus a 2 y plus a 3 z that is a 1 is the component along the x axis, a 2 is the component along the y axis, a 3 is the component along the z axis. Magnitude of the vector or the length of the vector is mode a which is equal to root of a 1 square plus a 2 square plus a 3 square, coefficient of x square plus coefficient of y square plus coefficient of z square. So, this is the way to calculate the magnitude. So, now let us go back to the force. We know the magnitude of the force now which is q 1 q 2 by 100 k. Now, the question we want to ask is what is the direction of the force? We know the magnitude of the force, we know the how much force the q 2 will be felt, but which direction will the q 2 be pulled? So, you know q 2 is negative, q 1 is positive, but q 2 will be pulled towards q 1, there will be an attraction, q 1 will attract q 2. So, if you fix q 1 here, q 2 will be pulled towards q 1. So, q 2 the force will be in the direction opposite to the direction of r 1 2, have a look at here r 1 2, r 1 2 is from 1 to 2, r 1 2 is from in this direction to the point, arrow is pointed in this direction, arrow is pointed from 1 to 2, the r 1 2 is pointing from 1 to 2, but we know that the force will be pointing from 2 to 1 because the second charge will be pulled from 2 to from here to here. So, the direction of this force will be opposite to the direction of the r 1 2. So, q 2 will be attracted towards q 1, which is nothing but opposite to the direction of r 1 2. So, we know the magnitude, now we know the direction, but how do we know the direction now in in sentence, we know it will be opposite to the direction of r 1 2, but how do we say that in mathematically? This is how we do it. So, have a look at the way do we do is the following. So, we say that the direction f 2 1 cap or hat. So, when you say hat as we said, it is like a unit vector and unit vector represents direction. So, the direction of f 2 1 is minus r 1 2, this is opposite to the direction of r 1 2, we just saw that r 1 2 is from here to here and f 2 1 will be from here to here. It will be opposite minus shows the opposite sign represents the direction minus is in this sign. So, in opposite direction of r 1 2. So, the point here to remember is hat or cap means that it is representing the, it is representing the direction. If we have some magnitude and a cap, it represents the direction. So, if yes we had x cap means the direction along the x axis, y cap meant direction along the y axis. So, z cap would mean direction along the z axis. So, r 1 2 cap would mean direction along the r 1 2, but with a minus sign r 1 2 cap with a minus sign would mean opposite to the direction of r 1 2. But now, how do we calculate this r 1 2 cap? What exactly this r 1 2 cap is? We know what is x axis, when is y cap, how do we calculate this r 1 2 cap? So, the way to calculate r 1 2 cap is again definition of a unit vector. So, we will again learn, we will learn now, how do we define a unit vector? So, the definition of a unit vector. So, let us say you have a vector a, which is from here to here. Now, we want to know that something is going in the direction of a, if we want to know this direction. So, that can be represented by unit vector a, which means it is, it only shows the direction, unit vector only shows the direction, this magnitude is 1. So, we know that mode a cap, that is modulus of any magnitude of any unit vector is 1. So, now, how do we define? This is defined as a vector by mode a vector. This is the definition of unit vector, any unit vector is that vector divided by its modulus. So, let us think about this a bit carefully. So, let us say you have a vector a, which is nothing but a 1 along the x axis plus a 2 along the y axis. So, let us say in our case a 1. So, this is, let us say as we said 3 x plus 4 y. Now, mode, what is a cap? We said a cap is a vector divided by modulus of a vector. Now, we said that modulus of a vector is nothing but root of 3 square plus 4 square, which is this coefficient of this square plus coefficient of this square. So, this is 9 plus 4, 16 is root of 25, this is 5. So, a cap is 3 x plus 4 y divided by 5. What is this? 3 by 5 x plus 4 by 5 y. So, this is how we calculate a. So, this is 3 by 5 x plus 4 by 5 y. So, the unit vector along a is nothing but some, you have to go, if you say, if I am pointing in this particular, if I show you in that direction, that means a little bit north or there will be like, if you come little bit right and then straight or north or south. So, this is like, when you say something x plus something y, you have to go something along the x axis and something along the y axis. So, similarly, if I say here, if you look at this, 3 by 5, which is a number, this much you have to go along the x axis and 4 by 5, which is another number, you have to go this much 4 by 5 unit along the y axis. If I, if you go this, you will get the direction of the vector a. Now, as we said, mode of a cap has to be 1. That is the definition of a cap. Now, will this mode of this will be 1? We can have a check. We can, we can check. So, we had a cap as 3 by 5 x plus 4 by 5 y. Mode a is mode of this, which is square root of 3 by 5 square plus 4 by 5 square. That is the mode of finding any vector, mode of anything. So, 3 by 5 square plus 4 by 5 square. What is it? So, 3 by 5 square is 9 by 25 plus 16 by 25. What is it? This is root of 25 by 25, which is 1. So, we defined mode a, a cap in a particular way. And we defined in that particular way, because at the end of the day, we want to get mode a equal to 1. And here, as you can see here, if you define, if you had, if you define a as 3 by 5 x plus 4 y, y, then a is essentially, if you 3 by 5 square plus 4 by 5 square square root, which is essentially 1. So, we get that mode a is 1. We calculate the direction. The unit vector represents in the direction. So, now, we go ahead and calculate R 1 2 cap. So, have a look at here. So, the R 1 2 cap. So, we know that R 1 2 is 6 x plus 8 y. R 1 2 cap is R 1 2 divided by mode of R 1 2. R 1 2 is 6 x plus 8 y. Mode of R 1 2 is root of 6 square plus 8 square. So, that is what it is. So, what is 6 square plus 8 square? 6 square is 36. 8 square is 64. So, 64 plus 36 is 100. And root of 100 is 10. So, what you have in the denominator is 10. So, 6 by 10 is 0.6. 8 by 10 is 0.8.  Let us have a quickly look whether mode R 1 2 is unit vector or not. So, what did we get? We got mode R 1 2 is 0.6 x plus 0.8 y. Mode R 1 2 cap. This is nothing but square root of 0.6 x square plus 0.8 square. So, this is equal to square root of 0.36. 0.6 square is 0.36 plus 0.8 square is 0.64. What is this? 0.36 plus 0.64 is 1. So, this is essentially 1. So, we got mode R 1 2 is 1. So, again R 1 2 is a unit vector which represents the direction. What does it mean to say? So, you can hear, you have hit here 0.6 x plus 0.8 y. That is mode R 1 2. So, putting all this together, what is the force? So, we know the magnitude. We know the direction. Now, we can put together magnitude and direction to get the force. So, the force F 2 1 will be in this particular direction and the magnitude is q 1 q 2 by k R 1 2 square and the direction will be R 1 2 cap with a minus sign.  So, if I substitute for R 1 2 cap here, what do I get? I get F 2 1 is equal to 0.6 into q 1 q 2 by k R 1 2 square which is R. So, we saw that R 1 2 square is 100. So, q 1 q 2 by 100 k x minus 0.8 into q 1 q 2 by 100 k into y. So, this is what this tells us that F 2 1 is this. Now, what does this mean? So, F 2 1 is what does it mean?  This means that the q 2 will feel some force of this M 1 amount. So, you substitute for q 1, substitute for q 2. Let us say this is number 1 1. So, this is 1 and let us say k is some number. So, essentially you will get a number here which is a negative number after all. So, that much minus x direction you have to come. You have to force will be some force will be felt along this direction and some force will be felt along this direction which is along the minus y direction. So, this much force will be felt along the minus y direction and some force will be felt along the minus x direction. So, minus x direction some force minus y direction some force. So, that is the total force that will be felt on this charge 2 due to charge 1 charge 1 some direction. So, you will pull a bit down. It will also pull a bit side wise. It will get pulled a bit downwards. It will get pulled a bit sideways. So, it will go become here a bit, go here a bit. Where exactly this will go? That we will calculate later. But how much force is being felt is what we have calculated. The amount of force is this much and the direction of the force is this much. So, we know now how much is the force being felt on the second charge due to the first charge. Similarly, we can go ahead and calculate other forces also. That is force in the second charge due to the third charge can be calculated. So, that is what our aim is. We want to calculate now force on the third charge due to the force on the second charge due to the third charge. So, let us go ahead and calculate this force on the third charge due to the second charge. So, let us have a look at this. So, here we know that R 2 3. So, we have charge 2 charge 3 and we know that R 2 3 is 4 x minus 8 y. That is to go from 2 to 3. You have to come along the x axis 4 and minus y, 8 unit along minus y. 4 unit along x, 8 unit along minus y. You reach here. Now, what is the force? We know that the magnitude of the force is Q 1 Q 2 by K R 2 3 whole square. This is the magnitude of the force. What is the direction of the force? We know that since if you fix this charge here, this charge will be attracted towards this charge. Q 2 will be attracted towards Q 3. So, the direction will be this direction and this is the same direction as that of R 2 3. So, R 2 3 is along this direction and F 2 3 also will be in the same direction. So, F 2 3 will be in the direction of R 2 3. So, we said that we show, a minute ago we discussed that to show the direction of anything, we have to use unit vector. So, we use unit vector R 2 3 to show the direction along R 2 3. So, how do we define unit vector R 2 3? So, let us look at this next slide. So, R 2 3 is this and unit vector R 2 3 as we have been defining R 2 3 vector divided by mode R 2 3. What is R 2 3 vector? R 2 3 vector is 4 x minus 8 y. So, which is and mode R 2 3 is root of 4 square plus 8 square, 4 square and plus 8 square. So, this is the mode of R 2 3, because my, even if you call it a minus 8, minus 8 square is like plus 8 square only. So, this is basically 4 square is 16, A square is 64, 64 plus 8, 16 is 80. So, the denominator is square root of 80. So, R 2 3, if you look here. So, we had R 2 3 as 4 x minus 8 y and mode R 2 3 is root of 4 square plus 8 square which is root of 16 plus 64 which is square root of 80 and R 1, R 2 3, R 2 3 cap that is the unit vector along R 2 3 is R 2 3 divided by mode R 2 3. So, this is 4 x minus 8 y divided by square root of 80. So, this will be this R 2 3 cap. So, have a look at here. So, essentially F 2 3 is some magnitude in the 4 by root 80 x. This is the unit vector along the x, R 2 3 unit vector if you substitute and this is just like we did the case of F 1, 2 3 we substitute here and we get q 1, q 2 by 80 k into 8 by root 80 y. So, this is an x, some component along the x direction and some component along the minus y direction. So, there will be some force along the x direction in this direction. There will be some force downwards along y. So, that is what this means. Essentially, this means that there will be some all these are numbers. So, all this is a big number. So, there will be some number of some amount of force along the plus x direction. So, this will get pulled some amount of some amount towards right to rightwards in this direction towards the plus x direction. Some amount of it it will get also pulled towards minus y direction. So, it will get pulled this way and this way. So, how much the lower it will move that we will see later, but the amount of force F 2 3 is this, this. So, F 2 3 is now calculated. So, we calculated F 1 2, F F 2 3. So, if we know that F 2 1 and F 2 3, what we need is the total force and as we have been saying the total force F 2 is F 2 1 plus F 2 3. So, what is F 2 1?  F 2 3 is q 1 q 2 by 80 k 4 root 80 x minus q 1 q 2 8 root 80 y. So, this is the F 2 3. Now, the total force is the sum of these two forces. So, how do we get the sum of these two forces? So, let us just do this, calculating the sum of these two forces a little more carefully. So, what did we find is that F 2 1 is equal to, we got that minus 0.6 q 1 q 2 divided by 100 k x cap minus 0.8, minus 0.8 q 1 q 2 by 100 k y cap. Similarly, F 2 3 is q 1 q 2 by 80 k into square root of 4 root 80 along x axis minus q 1 q 2 by 80 k 8 by root 80 along minus y axis. So, this is this force and F 2 1 plus F 2 3. So, when you say F 2 1 plus F 2 3, this is the x component and this is the x component. So, if you sum this x component, that will be the x component of the total force. So, what is the x component of the total force? There is q 1 q 2, there is q 1 q 2 by k. So, let us take it common q 1 q 2 by k and there is 1 by 100 here, 180 here. So, 1 by 100 plus there is a root of 4 by 80 here, there is a 1 by 80 here, this much along the x axis. This is the total force along the x axis. If you substitute all this number and calculate, you will get some number. So, I urge you to calculate this number by putting q 1 equal to 1, q 2 equal to 2 and the value of k, which you can estimate. So, if you take the epsilon 0, epsilon r, epsilon r of water you can take, because proteins are in water. So, I urge you to calculate this number. What is the force along the x axis as an exercise? But you can calculate this by substituting all this number. Now, similarly, there is some force along the y axis and that is this much. So, this is the force along the y, this plus this. If you sum these two, you will get the force along the y axis. So, how much is the force along the y axis? So, let us write the force along the x axis is q 1 q 2 by k in to 1 by 100 plus square root of 4 by 80 into 1 by 80. This is along x axis minus along y axis. So, we had q 1 q 2 by k here also. So, and there is a 0.8 by 100. So, there is there is a 0.8 here actually. There is a 0.6 here actually, 0.6, because there is a q 1 q 2 and then there is a 0.6 here. So, q 1 q 2 by k into 0.8 by 100. This is a minus sign and this is also with the minus sign. So, I can take the minus sign also common out. So, and there is plus root of 8 by 80 into 1 over 80 along y cap. So, this is the force on the second charge. This much along the plus x axis and this much along the minus y axis. So, there is as you can see f 2 is sum number along the plus x plus minus sum number along the y axis. So, this is some positive number. This is some positive number here. So, let me call this alpha. Let me call this beta. So, sum number alpha along x axis, sum number beta along the y axis with the minus y axis. So, where alpha is given by this particular number and beta is given by this, where alpha. So, this is our alpha. This is alpha. So, this is alpha for you and this is beta. So, we know alpha and we know beta and we know that alpha x cap minus beta y cap. So, what does this mean? This is a, this itself gives you some idea. It means that some amount of force, there is some force along the plus x axis and there is some force along the minus y axis. The total force is along the x axis and something along the minus y axis. So, have a look at here. What does it mean? There is some force along the plus x axis, some force along the minus y axis. So, let us look at this little more carefully. So, when you look at this carefully, you have three charges and you had this plus q 1. So, this is q 2, q 3. This is q 1 and this is q 2 and we ask the question, what is the force on this charge due to this charges? This is plus plus and what is the force? And we found that the force F 2 we found. We calculated this F 2 and we got F 2 is some alpha x cap minus beta y cap where alpha and beta are some numbers. We got a number for alpha, we got a number for beta. What does this mean? This means that there will be some force along plus x direction. There will be some force along this direction and there will be some force along the minus y direction. So, essentially it will slightly move this direction and this direction. So, we got the already the precise answer. We got, we know now that it will not move this way, it will not move this way, it will not move this way, it will only move a little bit here and little bit here. So, that is the force. Some force of beta force along x axis, a beta force along y axis. So, we got the idea about the force and that precisely tells you in which direction this charge will move. So, that is the question where we started. So, if we go back and see where the question we started. So, we started with this question in which direction the negative charge will move. So, now we know the answer. It will move a little along the y x axis and a bit towards downwards y axis. So, it will move well slightly towards this plus charge essentially, this plus q here, this charge. That is what essentially it will move a bit. How much it will move? That we will calculate later. But the aim was of this exercise was to calculate the force on this due to other charges. What is the resultant force? What is the total force? Whether it is the total force is in this direction or in this direction or in this direction. So, we saw there is none of this. It is along this direction. The total force is along this direction. So, that is what it means. So, essentially we have now discussed what is, we have now understood how to calculate the force. So, let us summarize whatever we learnt today. While we calculating we learn many things. So, let us have a quick summary of what we learnt. So, let us summarize what we learnt today. In the last many minutes, we basically learnt how to calculate the force and while learning that, we learnt to calculate the magnitude of a vector. We learnt to calculate the unit vector. We learnt that unit vector means direction. So, three ideas from vector algebra we learnt and we learnt how to calculate the force. So, essentially the summary is this. We learnt finding out the resultant force. We learnt what is the unit vector. We learnt the magnitude of a vector. We learnt the unit vector represents the direction of a vector. So, knowing all this, we can now, we are equipped now to calculate. If you have for example, many charges or many forces acting, we know how what is the resultant force. We know how to calculate the, if you know if you have a particular vector in a particular direction, what is the unit vector, what is the unit vector, how to calculate that we know. So, we will make use of all this when we go along. The many phenomena as we said like diffusion etcetera. To understand all this in a proper manner, we have to get some sense of direction and we have to know precisely how to calculate this direction of a vector. So, this is the first step and what one should do is, one should sit for a long time and do all this calculation carefully, spend long time with pen and paper doing all this calculations carefully many times. So, that it will be very, very clear in your mind. So, learning this much, we will stop today's lecture here and we will continue a few more ideas. We will learn a few more ideas of vectors in the coming class. So, and we will, we will go ahead. Using this idea of vector, we will learn more interesting biological concepts. So, with this, we end today's class. Thank you.


Kunle, you used, at some point, a quote from the former mayor of Medellin, Fajardo, where you brought together two words which haven't been as present as one might imagine in a conference here at the Biennale, which is beauty and need. You brought those two words together. You also showed us a video which, just the music but also what you see shows an emotion. I mean, you were happy there. I imagine you were tearful when you saw your floating structure sort of appear. And I'd like to ask a little bit more now. What is the role of the architect in terms of synthesis? Maybe we can talk about this together. Where do you create also this passion through the making of space, through the making of architecture? I mean, the beauty and the need, analogy. Alejandro, you gave Kunle the most difficult place to put an object, which is in the arches of one of the greatest architects of the world, Sansovino, I think I'm right, who created a building which is the dock area, which is the white marble thing of which this is effectively an extension, which, like the Arsenaale building, reflects beauty and need. It's a very, very functional space, just as your school. Where do you as an architect, where do you see that synthesis of great bring these two worlds coming together, leaving out all the big global stuff, just go straight to your role as the architect? I mean, I think for me beauty is really about authenticity and about the capacity to orchestrate or synthesize these issues in a way that really comes together harmoniously. And the reference with Sergio Foyardo is very important for our work because we've realized that the inequality in the world is so huge, so diverse, and from the part of the world that we come from, the rich and the poor, they are so far apart. And for me, I just refuse to accept that the poor or the needy do not deserve something beautiful. I mean, I think they deserve, even with our best efforts as architects, where the gap is still so wide in trying to improve the quality of the built environment. So it's a basic requirement that when you're thinking about... That's the aspiration which we all accept.  But that wasn't the starting point. No, never starting points. I mean, nothing about the floating school was intended as a beautiful object. The material was found locally. The way it's built is the same way that the community builds their houses, the techniques of building. It's a triangle because it's the most rigid structure and the best structure for flotation and balance. It's triangulated like that because it's a rigid frame. So we didn't start out, we're actually quite surprised it was beautiful. No. I don't believe that for a moment, but anyway, I don't believe that. You are living also in Amsterdam at the moment. Can you imagine that this is also fruitful for cities like in Amsterdam or Europe, etc.? And this is also the question to us all, because these systems that we have are so severe also economically. And that is the question to me, these spontaneous actions. I love them really. But can we help ourselves by wading into another meaning that you post also this urban design is an architecture on a big level. Do you think that these incidents can help us because these are incidents? Yes. Yeah, I mean, for sure, I think, like, I'm not quite sure I understand your question. The question is that our systems that we are dealing with in Europe, for instance, also in your countries are so severe, so dense, that to escape on it by incidents, and I love the incidents, we love it, of course. Oh, do you see a manner to change these systems by using these methods? Yeah, I mean, I think the knowledge or these extreme conditions, as Rahul mentioned, are places that we can learn from. Who has to learn the architect? Because we know it. We can say we have these exceptions. And you also showed us spontaneous and so on. Who has to accept this? I mean, I think all of us. So I think, I mean, my argument was in the same way as I was arguing that you decouple aesthetics from some of these notions. We have to also decouple what is urban design, urban interventions from just the architectural object, which is why then the synthesis as a definition becomes important. So for me, that is urban design. I think what Allah has showed us is urban design. It is when we begin to, as practitioners, whether we come from the discipline of architecture or planning, we begin to create these bridge practices which go across. I mean, I think that is the learning. And that is when we can take these multiple forces and synthesize them. And that involves advocacy. I mean, what you showed us and what Allah has done is advocacy. It is about making those bridges between design and communities, between design and forces, between designs and frugality of resources and all of that. So I think we have to, I think the metaphor for us as practitioners should be the bridging metaphor more than anything else. Otherwise, we make our practices autonomous. And then you get the autonomy of the object and architecture. So I think it's the learning at those levels from these interventions that I think become more critical than the object itself as a design. We're about to wind up. Yeah, I totally agree. I think it's really just the opportunity to think and expand. And for me, the most important thing is action, that we can talk about things, we can theorize things, but we really need to put things into action. And that's the most important step for development. Building on that, the way we act as architects is through design. So I just may want to share now a very specific kind of contribution from our first project in Ikike. Unfortunately, you won't be able to see this, but traditionally in an urbanization, the notion of efficiency for lots subdivision is a rectangle. So a narrow front and some depth for a given amount of square meters. And this is the conventional notion of efficiency. If you're trying to achieve efficiency there, because we need a density to pay for expensive land in the center of the city, instead of expending people to the periphery, we follow that conventional notion of efficiency. We could accommodate 30, 60 families out of the 100 families, which was not only a social problem, but mainly because of the subsidies of the families, if we didn't include the 100 families, we didn't have the money for buy the land. So the specific way was that originally there was a street that was illegally taken by families 30 years ago, and the plot or the block was unfortunately not the regular one for which this notion of efficiency makes sense, but we had to choose a square lot instead of a rectangle. And a square for a developer is a no-go thing. I mean, there's extremely inefficient, too much front for a given amount of pipes and everything. But in the case we had, only the square could rotate whenever you arrived to a corner. And in this plot, we had too many corners. So we had to come up with a kind of inefficient form for the conventional notion of efficiency, but this is the kind of things that we have been exercising in schools, how to cover a surface with a given geometric form. And this kind of knowledge in the end, which is a kind of formal operation, had consequences in the amount of people that you can accommodate and integrate into the city and the network of opportunities of the city. So it was not tested in terms of the square is more stable or it will provide whatever kind of aesthetic consequences, but it was an economical operation that in the end allowed that this family, and I was telling you, a couple of months ago, one of the leaders, this was in 2004, one of the women came to the office and said that a couple of families sold one of the houses. That happened to be in the center of the city. And I asked them for how much. The starting point of this, there. Go on, two seconds. The constraints that we worked with were $7,500 with which we had to buy the land, provide the infrastructure and build the house. Out of this $7,500, $7,200 was subsidy from the state, $300 was family savings. So actually each family paid $300 for that housing unit. So we asked for how much did this family sell the units? $65,000. So that means that with the right design in the right place, if you consider architecture, not an extra cost, but an added value that was able to make an efficient use of the scarce resources, the transfer of public money into a family asset allowed these families to finally choose. These families never, ever in their life chose what to eat, what to wear, not to mention where to leave. Finally, through architecture, and this I would say is the role of the sign, this family now with $65,000 in the pocket can choose as any other citizen in the society what to do with their life. What we've heard now, Alejandro, is the description of your triangle. Design, regulation, and value. We're going to end this here, but it's an extraordinary moment for the urban age, as Philip knows, we've had someone drawing at the table. We've linked the physical to the social, finally. Thank you very much.


I want to encourage you today to resign from this version of you Even in some small way these people pleasing version of you And allow the real you to begin to emerge


Terrorists have abducted 10 people in two communities of Dogon Daji and Kazawda villages in Wankeh district of Ghusul local government area in Zafar state and demanded 20 million Naira ransom. An energy of the area Ibrahim Musa said six people were abducted in his village of Qaswada. Waifu were abducted in Dogon Daji village by the terrorists who demanded the sum of two million Naira ransom for each of the abducted persons. Musa explained that his community in Qaswada village was able to mobilize to sum up some of 1.1 million Naira while the Dogon Daji village was here to gather any amount. When contacted on the phone, they spoke expressing for the state police command as P. Mohamed Sheh who said they would investigate the matter.


The Emo State Command has berated 29 suspected members of the Eastern Security Network, ESN, and indigenous people of Biafra, AIPOP, reportedly planning to attack the state ahead of the CETA term order today. The State Commissioner of Police, Abutu Yaro, said the command was able to gather the information on your activities and they were arrested. Berating the suspect, he said that he would work with the police to fish out of the members. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards doing a five-box mixer for John M We've got 22 immaculate Baseball 22 optic choice 22 topstone black 21 22 contenders optic basketball and 22 FIFA World Cup prism So good luck here John. We'll start with FIFA start with the soccer just because it's got the most cards And we'll jump around sports a little bit Casper Goldberg for Germany Were you top loading for forest when there was like almost 2,000 people in chat on sick time Was that an absolute nightmare? Yeah Rebanning people no purple Pierrot and copper for Ecuador the 199 Does he yeah, they're a son I got Tom here. I made your mind Stairs a lot. Oh, yeah, Silver sad. I'll she for guitar. I wouldn't want any other way Especially with me and you now the dynamic of that is just a really really Because we like we feed off each other to when it comes to that It's hyper salam al-dasari for Saudi Arabia on the rookie But we get separated in class 100% We'd be labeled distractions Silver Carl toko and combi for came room Ederson for Brazil that is for Germany is Tilo carer Purple mojo to 49 nice one there blue Thorgan hazard for Belgium to 299 Silver Bacai Osaka Jude Bellingham for England. It's like legitimately scary Yeah, they just practice the silver Lucas Torira for Uruguay Cuz um, there's like little like things you can do on your computer that like it's like buttons You have to like click and drag or like Not like drag but like buttons a little period after like going click click click click click all over like that's what people do for hours Yeah, there's cracked ice of monosar Talbi for Tunisia on the rookie It's so funny you texted me right after I fired it up. Did I? Perfect. It was an appropriate time. Yeah We've got nice for Belgium yarn Bertongan on the base. I'll congrats on that for Belgium Sasa Lucic Lucic 399 for Serbia silver Ederson global reach for Brazil Pink is Hector Herrera Mexico Silver Sadio Mane for Senegal. Nice one there and base. All right. Let's do uh optic choice next Optic choice baseball Baseball 10 bucks. Yes To 99 Corey seager Uh, Greg Dieckman also to 99 Chas McCormick to 99 the Astros Brandon Marsh to 99 for the angels and Angel Zerpa to 20 or to 46 for the liberty Silver ronzi or cabrion Hayes silver Eli Morgan Got first thought it was going to be to 99 Is Lars newt bar. We've got roaming Gonzalez also to 99 for the white socks And Thomas a pucky to 99 for the mattes Nice one's there Let's do Cops chrome black Aaron judge Chris Bryant Refractory out of your Molina to 199 for the Cardinals We've got Jose Canseco for the ace. Nice one there. Nice bat hit Grats on that John Let's do iMac baseball now 22 panini immaculate collection baseball I'll finish with contenders optic about tim hudson Uh nine out of 25 game used bat A's Cool one here Yankees. That's gonna be mariana Rivera four out of 49 Game worn a little bit of a pinstripe in there too the sandman Four out of 25 is going to be an rpa. That's going to be Tony centian That is for the reds and a three colored rpa next up. We've got Um Jared kelnic immaculate marks on the redemption That is a mariner Very cool one coming up six of six It's going to be jone adone for the nationals on the laundry tag Eye black auto patch auto I should say Cool one there congrats on that john awesome And three colored rpa for the braves 71 out of 99 kyle moeller Another nice hit for you congrats john empty empty and contenders optic Basketball and we've got uniformity lamella ball Red ice zack levine zack levine james harden. There's a blue donovan mitchell to 99 And rookie ticket xayar williams on the red 91 out of 99 for the grizzlies That'll do a prayer break right there. John. Thanks for the support my friend. We'll get those right out to you, buddy


Qytosan hygrigel dressings have been shown to promote wound healing due to its ability to release bioactive compounds and stimulate inflammatory cells. Autoclaved Qytosan hygrigels can be used as a wound dressing since they retain favorable biological properties while being sterile. This article was authored by Yusuke Yamashita, Yoshihiro Zuno, Yuichi Saito, and others.


This is the fire, this is the flames, this is that yum-yum-get-you-some-dan-o-mite, yum-yum-get-you-some-of-that.


Okay, it's just coming up on six minutes after 8pm on a Monday night, hope you'll find you well. Paul McDevitt and Jimmy Stafford with you for the Monday night sessions tonight and the busy show lined up as always. We will be talking very shortly to Brooke Scullion, she's just released a brand new single called Tongues. It was released on Friday, self-penned song of hers. And we'll also be joined by our good friends Karen Kelly and Simon McCaffery better known as Without Willow. And on the second part of the program, Sean McGranna will also be popping in for a chat and a few songs. And new music from Paul Keasey, The Ports, Vickers, Vimy and Soak, to name but a few. Quick look at the forecast, a few showers this evening will become ice, they will become ice lit early in the night with clear spells developing lowest temperatures tonight four to seven degrees Celsius. Tomorrow mostly cloudy day with scattered showers with a more prolonged spell of rain, I'm not sure why not. Highest temperatures tomorrow of between 11 and 13 degrees Celsius. OK, OK, you can follow us. We are live and for better coverage of our program tonight and going forward, check out the website page www.highlandradio.com where you will be able to see the program being streamed live and all our guests and the music. And we're also available on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and whatever else is out there. And if you want to get in touch, say hello to anyone. It's 086-16-25000 for text and WhatsApp. As I say, following from her show stopping performance of the song That's Rich at the Eurovision Song Contest in Turin, well, Brooke Scullion is.