I'm Rachel Andrew, Content Lead for Chrome Web Developer Relations, and in this talk I'll be sharing the ways we're working alongside our partners at other browsers and the broader ecosystem to make developing for the web easier and more consistent across browsers. I've been building for the web for well over 20 years. The web has changed a lot in that time, but one thing has stayed consistent. The need to decide which older browsers we should support. There was a time when browser releases were an infrequent thing. New web platform features arrived slowly, perhaps once a year. Five years elapsed between Internet Explorer 6 and 7. Things did not change quickly, which was frustrating when dealing with bugs when there was no new version around the corner. It was possible for web developers, however, to keep track of the state of the platform. The platform was more limited, with fewer features, and it changed slowly. Today, evergreen browsers with frequent release cycles mean that new features land on the web platform every month. Every browser release brings a raft of features and fixes. Features that range from the addition of a single CSS property through to huge specifications such as WebGPU. Users upgrade to these browsers almost without knowing about it. Updating and upgrading software is something that just happens, so the majority of users will be using the latest version quickly. There are so many things landing each month, it's possible for me to write a monthly post on web.dev sharing just some of them. There's always plenty to choose from. New features are landing quickly and getting onto the devices of our users at a pace unlike anything we've seen before. Features are also becoming interoperable much more quickly, meaning that they work in the same way across all browser engines. It's now not unusual to see features land almost simultaneously in Firefox, Chrome and Safari. Last year we saw cascade layers landing in Chrome 99, Firefox 97 and Safari 15.4. The longed for size container queries hit interoperability within a few months of it landing in the first browser. This is exciting, but also poses a problem for developers. With so much landing so quickly, how can we keep track of it all, and how do we decide when there is enough support for a feature to use it in production? When browsers release slowly, developers would lean on the oldest browser as a baseline, as there always seemed to be that one browser that wouldn't go away and that we had to anchor support to. For the platform to move on, we needed to get to a point where there were few enough users of that browser for us to stop providing support for it, or to only provide very basic support using a progressively enhanced approach. We needed Internet Explorer 11, the last of the non-evergreen browsers released in 2013 and never updated, to go away so we could have grid layout everywhere. We wanted Internet Explorer 9 to go away because it lacked support for Flexbox, CSS Multicoll and CSS Gradients, among many other features. We wanted Internet Explorer 8 to go away so we could use Border Radius and Alpha Transparency and RGB and HSL colors. Internet Explorer 6 had seemed so promising when it arrived with new CSS features, but it was missing many key things and had some bugs that could cause elements on your page to not render at all. We were waiting a very long time for this browser to go away, as it was five years before IE 7 arrived. We went back far enough and we needed Netscape 4 to vanish for so many reasons, but especially for those of us experimenting with CSS layouts, one huge problem was the interesting issue where any positioned items would lose their position if the user resized their browser window. This problem was always top of mind for developers, and we even saw campaigns to encourage people to move away from certain browsers that were deemed to be holding back the web. However, it did make explaining browser support easier. The site had to work in that browser as there was no alternative for people who didn't want to change browsers. Today, however, the last of these browsers has gone, with Microsoft ending support for Internet Explorer 11 last year. So using a browser as a baseline doesn't really work today. All engines change too quickly. There isn't time to understand exactly what is available before everything moves on again. We still need to explain browser support, though. We need to make it clear to our teams which features to use and ensure that our stakeholders understand what will and won't work across browsers and versions. We know there are problems in these areas from speaking to developers. In research we have conducted at Google, the top challenges are consistently around keeping up with changes in the web platform and making designs and applications work in the same way across browsers. Developers are finding it hard to understand what has changed and whether it is supported. I represent Chrome, and we know that we are adding to this problem, and have been working over the past year to address it. I talked about some of the things we are working on last year at IEO, and I feel as if we have made some progress. The main communication channels for Chrome are our websites at web.dev and developer.chrome.com. We aim to use those in a way that is clear and consistent, to ensure you know when a feature is experimental or only in Chrome. If you like to learn about the new things Chrome is landing, then head to developer.chrome.com. There are some really exciting features that are Chrome first, but we hope will be becoming interoperable soon. For example, this year, view transitions, web GPU, or the popover API may catch your eye, and you can learn about all of these things in other talks at IEO. We want to share these with you to get your feedback, but in a way that makes it clear these are just in Chrome for now. On web.dev you will find information about features that are interoperable and our guidance on best practices for web development in a multi-browser engine world. You'll find these support panels everywhere, clearly showing what browser support is for that feature. The data comes from the MDN browser compact data, and our team is helping to keep that up to date. We've been bringing the same clarity to our talks at conferences, highlighting the status of the features we share. We've been celebrating when features land interoperably with a series of posts on web.dev. We've heard you say that it's when a feature lands in all three engines that you feel happy to use it. These posts aim to let you know when that has happened. We've ramped up a documentation for the features we launch in Chrome. We're contributing documentation for Chrome First APIs to MDN and documenting our origin trials on developer.chrome.com. You'll find that by the time features land in stable Chrome, there is often documentation on MDN to help you understand how to use them. Because we care about a diverse multi-browser engine web, we celebrate the features landing in other browsers in our series of posts about what's new on the web platform. To improve the platform for developers, we can't work alone. We're working with other browser vendors and other people to improve interoperability and developer experience. While many features are landing across browsers quickly, there are many features that are unavailable or have significant bugs in one or more engines. The Interop project aims to fix these issues in a set of target features. We worked alongside representatives from Mozilla and Apple, along with other partners, to define the set of features in 2022. All browsers then work to land these features. Just some of the features that became available across browser due to the initiative are the dialogue element, allowing the creation of modal and non-modal dialogues with built-in accessibility. Viewport units, with the small and large viewport accounting for mobile UIs where device UI elements appear and disappear. And cascade layers, enabling better management of the cascade, solving problems that developers have struggled with for years. We then repeated the process with an even larger set of features for 2023. You can learn about all the included features and follow our progress on the dashboard. We helped to form the WebDX Community Group. This group focuses on developer experience and how to improve the experience of developing for the web platform. The group includes representatives of all browsers and has two goals. Firstly, to clarify the status of web platform features, specifically what is widely available on the web platform. Secondly, to conduct shared research on developer needs, to facilitate a shared understanding of the problems that developers face between all vendors. Last year, the group conducted research that was used for Interop 2023 planning. Because we know that documentation is important, Google, along with other companies, helps to fund Open WebDX, a colleague and I are part of the governing committee. Open WebDX seeks to improve the clarity of the web platform through documentation and is a major contributor to MDN. We are doing a lot and feel we've made some great progress over the last year to clean up our own act, bring clarity on our sites and by contributing to MDN documentation and to work through the Interop process to make more features interoperable. However, we realize that browser support is still quite difficult to understand. The information about support for individual features and APIs exists. However, developers have to check feature by feature and sometimes combinations of features to be sure that something will work cross-browser. When developing, you need to figure out the feature status of large sets of features and understand how they align to the baseline of browser support you have set. And you have to figure out that baseline too. How far back should you go before deciding that it's okay to use something without a fallback? I opened this talk by remembering the key browser versions we used to tie our understanding of support to. Without the line in the sand that a key browser version gives us, it's hard to be clear about what our line is. A lot of time can be burned up by each project team, trying to figure out when it's okay to start using things. We felt it was important to provide that line in the sand, a position where you could see which features were safe to use and which would need more consideration to work well across all browsers. And we're working to create it, along with other interested parties, including other browser vendors. We're calling it baseline. If a feature is part of baseline, our aim is that most web teams should feel confident to just use it. It has broad cross-platform and cross-browser support. Features will only move into baseline once they are interoperable and safe to use. You'll be able to share with stakeholders that all features used in your site or app are in baseline and point them to information so they can see what that means. We'll provide clear guidance, explaining what makes something part of baseline and how we make the decisions. Our aim is that baseline can be adopted everywhere that developers go to look up information about features. On MDN, can I use in web.dev? Baseline is available to be adopted on any other site that provides tutorials or documentation for web developers. It is available to be adopted by developers of frameworks to provide a clear indication of the level of browser compatibility they have. The group of features in baseline will grow as more things become interoperable. However, it will be easy to see what has become part of baseline each month or year and therefore which new things you might feel safe to use without needing to do a lot of research. With safe features defined, we want to play our part in bringing new features to the web that can become interoperable and therefore part of the safe feature group as quickly as possible. The aim of any new web platform feature should be to become part of baseline. We've defined a set of features that we want to land and are planning their release with an aim to help get them into other engines as quickly as possible. That means working with other browsers to ensure they agree and are happy with the feature. That means doing things such as working with Igalia to land features in other engines when they are happy to include them but don't have the resources to prioritize them themselves. We're really excited about all the work we're doing alongside our partners to create a stable web. Check out web.dev for more information on everything I've covered today and see the talk by my colleague, Mariko, to learn about just some of the exciting features that are part of baseline right now. Thank you.


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebreaks.com here doing 2019-2020 Pidemy Flawless basketball one box briefcase break random hit number two where All-Cardship looking for logo man's like this Find them ten spots will open the briefcase then type in all ten names in the list And we'll type in all ten hits whatever hit you match up with is what you hit get so there you go cool One briefcase break here is the list of customers Brian Frank down the Matthew Shira You see a couple spots that were spots that were won in a clearly Don Russ breaks and no matter how you got in whether you Want to spot bought a spot straight up. Thank you guys very much for being a part of this Right Jason and then here is the list that we're going to type in all the hits as we go Or at the end of the break So good luck. We'll leave that open there And here's our briefcase. You can see random hit number two as Joe tagged it Was Danny here for that part of it? I don't I don't think I could play fantasy baseball. I feel like it takes Fantasy baseball is more labor intensive than fantasy football, right? Okay Yeah, I couldn't do it I could barely handle fantasy Fantasy football By handle, I mean not succeed, but at least fill out my team every week, right? There's no seal on these So we've got a blockchain right on top First up blockchain logo man autographs job a rant there you go. I don't know what the logo man Is I on block chains sold for but I know that these sell for a Pretty decent amount of money you combo the blockchain with the relic only that's pretty cool. So I Mean if you're gonna get a blockchain, that's that's a pretty good one to get Bojan Bogdanovitch four out of 15 nice two-color patch Yeah, yeah, no worries so Joe in random hit number one combo the blockchain with the Relic only so to keep it the same we're gonna probably end up doing the same way Because let's see that's two. There's two hits in there. So that'd be three hits Four five six seven eight nine ten. There you go Jersey and Otto the month is sub onus. I'll start six out of 15 a nice two-color patch on that one I don't remember Billy, but it was pretty decent. I mean it's a flawless blockchain logo man Pretty nice Bobby Portis 14 out of 15 Otto I actually know I don't think so because I think when we did that last time it had to be like the actual logo man Mo Bamba five out of five three-colored patch and Otto. I haven't seen new rules Greg I can't speak on them because I have not seen them Another three-color patch Jay rich two out of 15. How about a second logo man Jerry West three out of three? It's massive Joe. It's absolutely massive. Did you find what the Zion went for? Dear and Fox three-color patch and Otto 14 out of 15 But I think Yeah And our final hit not encased nine out of 15 Alan Iverson the answer Nice AI there So that's the last non encased. It's not bad for a for digital card. Okay, I Think the left is the gem I'm gonna go left is the gem Why do the boxes keep doing this to me? Rui Hachimura 16 out of 25 diamond. I love me some really And Bill Russell Two out of 25 the man with more rings than anybody else, right? There you go. Nice case there So we're gonna pause the video type in the hits and Do our randomizer and we'll be right back so we're back here is our list of Hits the combo spot is the blockchain logo man autographs John Morant plus the Bojan Bogdanovich patch four out of 15 The month the modest to color patch auto six out of 15 Bobby Portis auto 14 out of 15 Mo Bamba three color patch auto five out of five Jason Richardson three color patch auto two out of 15 Jerry West auto three out of three Deer and Fox three color patch and auto 14 out of 15 Alan Iverson auto nine out of 15 Rui Hachimura encased diamond 16 out of 20 in the Bill Russell encased auto two out of 25 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten and List of customers again from Brian Frank down to Matthew Shira dice will randomize both lists and pair them up. Good luck One and a three four times one Three And fourth and final time from Gretchen Tiernan down to Philip McDaniel Four times on the randomizer four times on the dice out four times on the hits one two three Fourth and final time Bill Russell down to Jerry West It would only be fitting that the man who ends up at the blockchain logo man It's a man who we get the other John Morant logo man for Gretchen Tiernan with the Bill Russell encased auto two out of 25 Dimitri with the Deer and Fox three color patch auto 14 out of 15 Anthony snow with the Rui Hachimura encased diamond 16 out of 20 Matthew Shira with the Bobby Fortes auto 14 out of 15 Dimitri with the blockchain logo man autographs John Morant He'll he only got another John Morant logo man from us out of maculet not too long ago Also bidding on gold noxious right now Bojan Bogdanovich also patch Four out of 15 with the same one Brian Frank with Jason Richardson three-color patch auto two out of 15 Philip McDaniel with Alan Iverson auto nine out of 15 Brian Frank with the de Montessabona's two-color patch auto six out of 15 Ching Vang with the Mo Bamba three-color patch auto five out of five and Philip McDaniel with the Jerry West auto three out of three There you go guys Awesome looking stuff sort that by your team your names So Anthony snow You got the Rui Hachimura Diamond encased 16 out of 20 double the jersey number there Brian Frank with the Jason Richardson three-color patch auto love Jason Richardson back in the day and The de Montessabona's Two out of 15 on the Jason Richardson de Montessabona's six out of 15 for you Ching Vang with the Mo Bamba Three-color patch auto five out of five nice emerald there Demetri with the deer and Fox Fox in the box Three-color patch auto 14 out of 15 plus the combo spot of the Bojan Bogdanovich four out of 15 two-color relic and Another John Morant logo man for the be tree.  Congrats Gretchen with the Bill Russell encased auto two out of 25 Matthew Shira with the Bobby Portis Auto 14 out of 15 Philip McDaniel with the Allen Iverson auto nine out of 15 and The Jerry West auto three out of three beautiful autograph there, too. And there you go guys. That was the break That is 2019 2020 panini flawless basketball one box briefcase break random hit number two from jasper's case breaks calm I'm Sean Jasper's case breaks calm. Thank you very much for hanging out. We'll see you next time


Welcome to the Why Vote tool. This tool, developed by the Right Question Institute, provides some simple steps to think about voting and its importance. This is a tool you can use to think about all kinds of elections taking place, at local, state and national levels. To do that, I will guide you through some simple steps. You can use a copy of the tool if you have one available, complete the steps using your telephone or a computer, or just grab a piece of paper and pen and follow my instructions. Let's first begin by taking a look at some government funded services. The services are listed in the tool in different areas, housing, income support, health care, jobs, adult education, neighborhoods, children and schools. Please think about which services are most important to you. Choose three services. You can choose more than one service in a specific area. Now let's look at the role of elected officials. Elected officials make decisions that affect all these services. By voting, you can have a say in who's making those decisions. Now think for a minute, why would you want to vote and have a say in who's making decisions about those services? Now let's think about some questions. What questions do you have about being able to vote in the next election? Ask as many questions as you can about being able to vote. Write down your questions so you will remember them. Let's spend about two minutes to come up with questions. Please write down all questions that come to mind. Thank you. You have done a lot of work in a short period of time. You thought about the services that are most important to you, the role of elected officials and how they can affect the services that are important to you. And why would it be important to vote? You also asked questions about being able to vote. Now please think about all the work you did and think about what did you learn? I hope that through the work you just did that you have seen the importance of voting and that you will vote in the next election. You might need specific information about registering and voting. For more information and help, please click the link below. Please also think about what you have learned and how you can use it further. Let others know about this tool, family members, friends, neighbors and how they can use it. Thank you.


We propose a transfer learning-based method for SAR target classification using deep convolutional neural networks, CNNs, which involves training a large number of unlabeled SAR scene images and reusing pre-trained convolutional layers to transfer knowledge to labeled SAR target data, with feedback bypass introducing the reconstruction loss simultaneously. This article was authored by Sholing Huang, Zongshu Pan, and Bin Lei.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here? So this will be my spoiler-free review for fear street part 1 1994 one of the first installments in the Netflix playing trilogy based on the RL stein novels Or an RL stein series of books teen horror novels that came out Many decades ago. So This first entry in this trilogy this amazing trilogy that I'll just say because I've seen all of them at this point So to start off. This is directed by Lay Janiak with a script poet and also by Janiak herself and Phil Grisadio and basically it is following a group of teenagers in the town Shady side Ohio Who are terrorized by an ancient evil responsible for a series of brutal murders that have plagued the town for centuries our cast includes Keanu Madera Olivia Scott Welsh Benjamin Flores Jr. Julia rewalled Fred Heckinger Ashley Zuckerman Daryl Britt Britt Gibson Britt Gibson and Maya Hawke now off the bat you guys have already been talking about it yourself online and In a lot of other threads that I've seen about this film This film has a lot of scream influence already beginning with the opening scene that includes an opening attack at The local mall in the town that the shady side mall One thing about this this film here is that it's very fast-paced and what I mean by that is You have downtime to get to know the characters Not all of them specifically because I will say that for the most part in this first outing You get a lot of paper a lot of paper thin Thinness to them since you're just meeting them and it's so fast You don't really get to know them all that well outside of our protagonist Dina who's played by Keanu Madera and her significant other or ex significant other for most of this film Sam who was played by Olivia Scott So they are of course part of the LGBTQ community something that was Refreshing to see considering that like I guess the time period that they said and so I like that aspect of this movie a lot There not that that wasn't going on of course at that point But you know, it's it's not it wasn't as prevalent then as it is now as I'll say as more Welcoming as as we are now today or as walking as I hope we are starting to become but Anyway, the film of course is set in 1994. It doesn't capture the 90s I'll say in the best light I feel like that's a hard thing for a lot of horror films to do or certain films in particular To just do in general when they're trying to have movies based in the 90s It's it's it's almost like a hit or miss some of them capture it Well, others kind of do a adequate job I'll say this doesn't adequate job at capturing the 90s Basically what we have here is the town of Shady side and this curse that it has looming over its head Due to a witch that was killed many years ago named Sarah fear Sarah free was killed and she cursed the land as a result of her as a result of her death Now we do learn things along the way that go into explaining that death a little bit more in-depth and It kind of subverts what we already have known the entire time So stay tuned again for my other two reviews coming out about this trilogy, but the chemistry amongst the cast You know these characters. I don't want to say that they have a little to know I don't want to say they have no chemistry, but there's times when I'm watching this They're not very convincing as friends. I would say that the performances are decent and they're good and You'll you'll be engaged the entire time because again, you have these callbacks to these It's very reminiscent of these old-school slasher films that came out that are like scream or like an urban legend Or I know what you did last summer where you have these cookie-cutter characters that you don't really learn too much about But there's a central conflict that they're all involved in that you as the viewer will become invested in Because of how the movie is directed. This movie moves very fast. It it's very in your face. It's very energetic Marco Beltrami is who scored scream. He's lending his his talent to the score for this film and When those cues come on from Marco Beltrami, I will say that that enhances all of the All of the dangerous moments that are presented on screen. You'll be on the edge of your seat It'll definitely get your heart racing if you are sitting down and actually just absorbing and taking in every little thing that comes on your screen the CGI blood I'm pretty sure they use CGI blood I want to say that's been my biggest dislike with these with these films the CGI blood I don't like seeing that. It's not overly Overly bad or anything, but it's it's blatantly obvious it's it's CGI and it's just oh CGI CGI CGI I can't really take it too much these days anymore But it's outside of that, you know the script itself There's a lot of things that might not make sense at first because you have to watch the other entries probably to appreciate this a lot more so on that end the Characters again, they they fit like these these moles these stereotypes that you will get in a horror movie You have your lead protagonist Dina who's going through something Like a not necessarily a crisis, but she just lost her girlfriend She is being told she'll end up just like her father who apparently is a drunk and he has nothing going for himself in life And then she so she's trying to deal with that and overcome a recent break up So you have a protagonist who's trying to overcome a Not a recent tragedy But recent heartbreak I'll say because losing your girlfriend isn't the worst thing that can happen to you in this life but You have her brother played by Her brother was played by Benjamin floor jr. He plays Josh. He's like an internet internet geek I'll say that spends all his time Researching the data details about the town in the town's past and all these different killers that have come up Come and gone due to the curse from Sarah fair Then you have the cheerleader that he's too afraid to talk to you have the I Guess the dumb jock for like a brief second because this is Sam's boyfriend There's a lot of these Character archetypes that you have that fill in the molds that you would expect in these cookie-cutter Horror films that you you'll get in the 90s or the late 80s early late 70s even the movie in and of itself Hello, hell of a fun time. I'll say it's not the best When it comes to again the Pacing taking away from you. I guess you becoming to know some details about some of these characters I'll just say that so you'll not be as attached to the characters here as I'll as you will be with what I have to point out with the second installment fear Street part 2 1978, but this one still is a solid Beginning to this overall fun trilogy all of them are very fun to watch and I feel like fans of the horror genre You'll get a kick out of this. It's not something as bad It's just very solid at best for this first outing Let me know what you guys think about this down in the comment section below However, make sure you subscribe turn on post notification in this video in the description I've linked some of social media accounts on Facebook turn on Instagram. You can message me there Of course, let me see movies news reviews like me to cover in the future I'll give this an honest six and a half out of 10 and with all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video


Things Heat Up, as a movie based on a TV series, goes head-to-head with a soft sequel to that movie based on a TV series. It's 2000's Charlie's Angels vs. the 2019, whatever thing, on movie feuds. Near 2000, Cameron Diaz, Lucy Liu, and Drew Barrymore were top of mind for movie goers everywhere and for those young boys who had a solid internet connection at home. These ladies would be filling in some pretty large stilettos as the film was based on a popular TV show featuring the likes of Farrah Fawcett, Jacqueline Smith, and Kate Jackson, amongst many others. The film, which hit about 20 years after the TV series run, featured our three new angels, Diaz as Natalie Cook, Liu as Alex Monday, and Barrymore as Dylan Sanders. The film introduces these unique personalities with a simple but effective way, with a good old-fashioned montage, which showcases their smarts, their skills, and of course their physical attributes. There is a good chunk of time dedicated to Cameron Diaz shaking her ass right at the audience, and she couldn't look happier, and neither could I. In contrast, 2019's angels are still incredibly attractive, but they don't strike me as the type that would have a slow-motion pillow fight just for the hell of it. They still have plenty of fun, though, especially Kristen Stewart as Sabina Wilson. Stewart has gotten herself a bit of a bad rap over the years in due because of the garbage twilight films. To me, it was a bit of a shock seeing her smile, laugh, joke, and just emoting in general. She was easily the strongest aspect of this new movie. I wasn't familiar with Ella Balinsky's previous work, I think she's still pretty fresh in the industry, but out of all the angels over the years, her character Jane really fits the mold of a badass spy. She towers over the other girls, and she's a believable force of nature in this line of work. Granted, believability isn't really what the audience is looking for out of these movies.  Much like Ocean's Eight, the 2019 Charlie's Angels pretends it's in the same universe as the previous installments by femme-splaining to the audience, that's a new word I'm making up, that there are multiple Bosleys, and not just one or two. This is a full-blown industry. All these different people that kind of handle the ladies and find the new recruits, they're all Bosleys. Bill Murray took on that role in the 2000 film Bernie Mac and the sequel, and Elizabeth Banks in the most recent version. Banks is her typical sharp, witty self, while Bill Murray is just doing his thing, at one point whittling a bar of soap into a gun for absolutely no reason at all. The original Charlie himself, actor John Forsythe, reprises his voice in 2000, and the new film naturally reveals, spoiler, that Charlie is a woman after all. He's just using a voice modulator to sound like a man. Welcome to Hollywood, everyone! Outside of the beautiful women, these flicks are also known for the cameos that show up. 2000 throws them out like candy every few minutes, it seems. Matthew LeBlanc, Tom Green, LL Cool J, Alex Trebek, and even Melissa McCarthy are present. Plus you have the villains, Tim Curry, Kelly Lynch, Sam Rockwell, and George McFly himself, Crispin Glover as the memorable thin man. This new sequel does its own take on the character with minimal effect, I just didn't care about this guy. Granted, we do get Patrick Stewart, which can go a very long way to class things up.  Most of the cameos in 2019 are loaded into the credits, and judging by the box office number is only 8 people have seen this so far, so I'm going to avoid spoilers. I will just say they are very underwhelming. And speaking of underwhelming, let's head over to story. I just rewatched the 2000 Charlie's Angels film, and I have absolutely no idea what it was about. Director MCG, yes, that's what he goes by, shoots the entire picture like a Mountain Dew commercial. It has something to do with bad guys stealing voice ID spying software that threatens individual privacy. Could you imagine if this happened in real life? If corporate fat cats got their hands on this sort of tech, it would be bedlam. It'd be insane. They could spy on our every waking thought. They could listen in on private conversations. They could see order history and shopping patterns. They could track us wherever we go through some sort of a GPS. And then the biggest ruse of all would be if they could get the consumer to purchase it. So some sort of a device they could just set right in their own house that would be on 24-7 learning, adapting, yeah, that would be a grim future indeed. Which reminds me, Alexa, order me another Echo Dot for the basement. Thanks doll. The 2019 installment is a bit more bonkers. A giant company develops a new type of energy which contains a fatal bug. This fatal glitch emits an EMP burst which kills anybody in its range. Naturally the bad guy wants to weaponize this tech as all men do. Oh yes, I almost forgot, the new Charlie's Angels film is woke as the kids say. In Hollywood's latest attempt to educate audiences on how great women are, Charlie's Angels goes all in.  Now you need to bluntly state the case. As this film does multiple times, that women aren't just great, but men are the worst. As dumb as a box of rocks as the old film was, at least it was just having fun. Really the goal of any Angels film is to get our leading ladies into situations where they look hot and execute ridiculous missions. And thankfully in that respect, there's no shortage in either. With around 23 wardrobe changes ranging from a slutty pit crew to a Swiss yodeling band, it's a little bit of something for everyone. There are a few memorable outfits in the new film as well, but nothing compares to the previous entries. Which is probably why 2019 leans so heavily into the nostalgia here, having the three ladies go into a closet of greatest hits wardrobes. Kristen Stewart as a jockey has moments and her workout ensemble is criminally underutilized. I've spent more time talking about the outfits than I have the plot, so that tells you where my priorities are in the right place. Let's head to production. Charlie's Angels 2000 is essentially the kids bop version of the Matrix and Mission Impossible slam jammed into one film. Everyone involved seems to realize this, which is why the whole affair is kind of enjoyable. It's like having a decent meal at McDonald's and then not going home and getting sick all night. So you chalk it up as a win. The runtime is around an hour and a half, but 20 minutes of that are probably slow motion. The director can't not use it in every scene. The bizarre part is there is some great fight choreography in this, but it's mostly ruined by the red bull approach to filmmaking. Since this thing is shot like it has an appointment it's late for, nothing sticks around more than a few minutes. There are roughly 70,000 songs in this. A lot of really awesome ones too, but Jesus, it's a bit out of control. MCG makes movies like I did in middle school. He picks all of his favorite songs and then tries to work scenes around them. The best thing to come out of this movie, besides Lucy Liu in general, is Destiny's Child's masterpiece, Independent Women. It's fire. It's pure, uncut, fire. Elizabeth Banks pulls a triple threat on this picture, writing, directing and acting in the thing. I'm not really a producer too, but I don't really know what producers do anymore outside of just tag their name onto things. I feel bad that the picture is bombing so hard because she's a truly talented individual. On the other hand, I'm sick of all these remakes, reboots, and supposed sequels that have been made lately, instead of doing something unique and original. From a production standpoint, Elizabeth Banks directs a mostly slick, yet uninspired picture. There are a few cool shots here and there, but for the most part it's just nothing special. Since I'm completely out of touch with music these days, it all just kind of sounded like Ariana Grande making sound effects in the background. The one thing I did like was that there was some scale to the agency this time. In the past, it seemed like a pretty rinky-dink operation with Charlie at the helm, Bosley, and then these three ladies, nothing else. The action isn't very noteworthy either. Sure, 2000 is nothing more than a nonsensical string of crouching tiger hidden b**** while you're foo, but at least it had style. Production in the Banks picture is lazy, close combat shaky cam that makes choreographers weep. Let's say goodbye to Charlie. As always, I pulled my audience on the YouTube community tab, and this one wasn't even close, Glenn. 2019 only picks up 20% of the votes, making 2000 the easy winner at 80%. And it's also quite possibly the only thing that movie has ever won. Thanks for watching, and remember, this is more than just reviews. This is Movie Feuds. And perhaps next time they decide to reboot the Angels, we can do an all-male version. Really spice things up. Get the three Chris's. Hemsworth, Evans, and Pratt. We could have Will Smith as Bosley, you know, because movies aren't about being good anymore, well-made pictures. They're about stunt castings.


Mine, thank you baggy Davey was baggy Davey was baggy right there Yes, sir This could really be an evil trigger


Welcome back to my channel, so I am about to get some things done around here and give you guys some clean motivation and get my to-do list done. I wanted to tell you that today's video is sponsored by FAMYsafe. I've worked with them before. Beverly's getting to an age where she doesn't often take naps when my two youngest do and so she finds other things to do and have some quiet time. Do you want to tell them something that you like to do while they take naps? Be on my tablet. Be on your tablet, yeah. So FAMYsafe is something that helps you kind of monitor what they're doing on their devices. It can even tell you where they are. It really gives you full insight on the things that they're doing on their tablet, phone or device. During this time of social distancing, we are spending a lot of time at home and I know a lot of us are working from home which means that our little ones are on their devices more than usual. You can use the FAMYsafe app with both a desktop and your phone. The app is compatible with Android and Apple. You can set up a smart schedule.  This would be perfect for over the times when you have meetings or calls from home. Another feature that's really great is there is a YouTube app control.  Multiple devices can be connected to the same account. The web filter helps you select the type of content you want your child exposed to. Check out the information in the description box to find out how you can get 20% off of FAMYsafe and try it out for your own family. So basically my idea of this video was to show you that if you do a little bit each day, you can actually keep up with your home pretty easily. I do tend to be one that likes to put a lot of my cleaning on one long day, but it's not always realistic and it just works out better sometimes to do a little bit each day. So I did this in two different days, so you'll see a outfit change here after a while. And this day I was just tidying up the living room and zipping through while my younger two were taking their naps.   I put a little bit of lavender oil on each of them. Sometimes I do other scents as well, but lavender really is the calming scent and it just smells so good on our sheets. Also, don't forget if you do one of my DIYs or if you're just feeling motivated by my content today, if you post anything on Instagram, use the hashtag inspired by Addy and I'll be able to see it. Next, I went into our bathroom and just kind of tidied up in here. I don't know about you guys, but I feel like the bathroom is my most neglected area of the house. I feel like I can keep up with the main areas and then I kind of forget about the bathroom situation. And then it gets really bad and I'm like, oh my goodness, this is horrible, you know, the sinks and everything. So I went ahead and took my Envirocloth and wiped the sinks out and cleaned out the mirror and then used my window cloth to shine the mirror. I will leave a link below for the video where I show you how I make my toilet bombs because that is a question that I get pretty often is how do I make them? And they do get kind of fizzy in the toilet, which is kind of fun to watch and it also reminds me to leave it in there a little while while I wipe the toilet down with an Envirocloth. This was a separate day and again, just kind of zipping through doing 10 minutes, you know, 20 minutes, 30 minutes here and there. And I got my diffuser rolling that always motivates me to clean because it makes the house smell so good. I am getting ready to do a refresh on our room. I'm really excited about the projects I have planned for this. And my best friends is also making our nightstands, which is really exciting. I can't wait to see them. I haven't even seen them yet. I have an idea of how they're going to look, but she's been working really hard on them and I can't wait to share that with you guys.  I did some big DIY letters for my daughter's wall in her room and it left behind a pretty big mess. As you can see, I used poster board. It turned out really cute and worked out really well. But the mess that it left behind was just little pieces of poster board all over my dining room. And then on the other side of the dining room, my youngest got into our flashcards and decided that she would sprinkle them around the room as well. So I was picking up flashcards and just cleaning up this mess. I've been getting some questions about my dining room chairs recently and they are an Amazon find. They're super, super inexpensive. They come in packs of four, so I got two sets of four and I really like them. In fact, I use one at my desk to edit and I've had questions if they're comfortable and I think that they are. I don't mind sitting on it to do hours of editing and you can wipe them down. That's one thing that's really great about them is they have a pretty tough coating on them since they are actually an indoor and outdoor chair. And so if you have kids, they are amazing to wipe up. Let me know in the comments what you've been up to during this time of social distancing. What have you been doing with your kids? If you don't have kids, what have you been doing with yourself? Do you have any great Netflix shows that you can suggest? Let's get some ideas going in the comments of just ways to keep us busy. Small side note, I had no idea I had a sticker stuck to my leggings, but isn't that real mom life? I grabbed an Enviro cloth again and just used my Norwex paste on my stovetop. I really like this for this and I know I've been sharing it a lot lately. But you can really use it for a lot of different things like cleaning shoes and bathtubs and sinks and even get scuffs off of the wall. I went and grabbed my blue scrubber cloth. I love this thing, especially for pots and pans and cookie sheets, that sort of thing. And you don't have to worry about repurchasing scrubber sponges that collect a lot of bacteria. So this little thing is super handy for in your sink and just scrubbing up grime. I hope this gave you some quick motivation. I know I love videos that are about 10 minutes that just give me that motivation before I jump into my work. So that was what I thought I would give you today. If you're new here, I love it. If you subscribed, give this video a like. Don't forget to leave a comment below and I will see you guys in my next video.


The most broken strategy in Pokemon Scholar and Violet has been found for Terra Raid Dens. Yes, you can start conquering 5 and 6 and possibly even 7 stars by just doing this method. Let me introduce you to the Terra Raid Killer called Pizzurker.   Step 2, what you want to do is apply an ability patch to that Pokemon that you can get dropped via 5 star raids if you have done those already and what you're going to be doing is taking that ability patch and putting it on Galerion Miel so that it gets its hidden ability and you'll see that hidden ability once you evolve it into Pizzurker at level 28 and that hidden ability should be Steely Spirit. Now what Steely Spirit does is basically boost the power of steel type moves on Pokemon and what it does is if you have 4 Pokemon in a party that are all Pizzurker and they all have steel type moves and they're all using this ability, they are all going to be stacked on top of each other and be multiplied and basically when this Pokemon makes a hit, it is going to punch so hard and do a lot of damage. Step 4, you want to make sure that you have the following moves. The first one that you want to have is Taunt. Taunt is going to be very important for not allowing the terror Pokemon that you're fighting to inflict any status moves on your party. The responsibility of using taunt is going to be on the party leader. The party leader is the one that initiates the raid and they're the ones that have to lead off in these fights by using taunt to start it off that way the whole party can be safe. The second one that you're going to be having on your Pokemon is Screech. Screech is going to be very important for lowering the Pokemon's defenses. When you have a bunch of Pizzurkers starting to use Screech, that means you're going to get a lot of defense dropping on the opposing Pokemon, opening them up to be hit by a lot of physical attack moves and that's when this next move comes in. This one is called Iron Head. Now Iron Head is a physical attack move and because it is steel and Pizzurker is steel, you're going to be getting a stab bonus on top of that move and that stab bonus plus the steel plus its ability. Think of all the damage combined already it's going to hit a whopping punch so this one is standard and it must be on your Glaring Meowth. Now option four is pretty much up to you. Some people can use Metal Sound, some people will add Helping Hand and you have other options that you can play with but the first three moves I mentioned are very important for you to do this. If you feel like this is completely broken make sure to go ahead and hit that subscribe button. It helps out a lot and it shows me you guys love this content. Now if you're at this point saying I don't know how to get a hidden ability I haven't done five star raids, listen don't worry I got you covered. My Discord has channels literally dedicated to breeding Glaring Meowths for everyone so that you can have the hidden ability on it and you can raise it up yourselves and get it ready for battle. We also have separate Discord channel specifically just for using Pizzurker in raids that way we keep Pizzurker raids separated from the raids that everyone else is doing in the game so we don't interfere with that. We don't really want to create a toxic environment of just hey you have to be a Pizzurker to raid with us. You can find these channels right over here in my Discord. I will pin the Discord to the top comment and I will also link it in the description below. Step five what you're going to want to have on your Pokemon is a specific nature and that is going to be Adamant. Adamant is going to increase attack and decrease special attack and since Pizzurker is a physical attacker there's no need to have special attack on that Pokemon in any sense so if you have the nature you're set to go. If you don't have the nature don't worry all you have to do is go ahead to chances supplies and just buy the mint that you need so just go buy an adamant mint slap it onto the Pokemon. The stat boost should show up for attack and decrease in special attack and you're pretty much just set there when it comes to your Pokemon nature. Remember what we're trying to do with this whole entire thing is optimize your Pizzurker so it can do maximum damage along with everyone else's Pizzurker so you can just destroy these raids completely. Step six is basically going to be some form of EV training but I'm not going to go into depth in this. All you want to do is go to the store and buy a power band and slap it onto your Glaring Meowth or Pizzurker whatever whatever it is at that moment and go out into the area one. What you're going to do is you're then going to fight about 28 Flamigos. Those Flamigos will give you about plus two EVs in attack each. Once you knock all those out and you check your stats you should see that you have maximized your attack and it's sparkling and it says it's completely maxed out and that is a great indicator that you have finished the attack. Make sure that you're not battling anything else to mess up these EV stats. Now if you take a look at Pizzurker you can see that its biggest stat boosts are in attack and defense and what we were doing is maximizing the attack out so this Pizzurker can hit like a tank. Now Pizzurker you can see has little bit lower special defense and a little bit lower of HP. If you want to do the remainder EV training for this Pokemon I suggest doing those points in HP for special defense. A great HP Pokemon to battle against are Chances and a great special defense Pokemon to battle against are Hoppips in area one. Just do those about 28 knockouts of each of those Pokemon or depending on how you want to split it up because there's only a certain amount of EVs you can do but that is pretty much what you want to do. Make it a little more tankier so it can take special attack hits in these Terraried battles and have a little more HP and survivability. That's really what you want to do have a lot of survivability during these fights. Step seven this one is pretty big this is going to involve bottle caps. Now bottle caps are basically going to max IV something so it's going to be a perfect IV pretty much and this is the cheap way of doing it actually expensive because you're spending money to do it but if you do have bottle caps available at the Delibird present shop and you've completed things in the game it would be there go ahead and just buy them there 20,000 each. I believe this clearing me out that you get from Salvatore already has two perfect IVs so you should be fine with that maybe just have to spend four but if you're using a fresh one that maybe has no good IVs then yes you're going to have to spend about 120,000 total so go ahead buy that and what you're going to do after that is fly over to the ghost town gym and walk over to this guy who is responsible for hyper training. All you got to say is which stats that you want to put it in and you'll see mark those stats up and just like that now you have a perfect six IV hyper trained berserker ready for battle now step eight you want to go to the Delibird present shop in Levincia and purchase a metal coat now this metal coat is going to be the held item of berserker because what metal coat does as a held item is it's going to increase the power of steel type moves okay you're noticing that we've really increased steel type moves at this point with the ability with the stab moves with the item it's happening we're just we're just stacking up the attack and we've also trained this pokemon's attack and we're maxing out the IV in there it's going to be great now step nine is the final one don't worry if you fully ev trained all you got to do at this point is just level up as much as you can i made an experience guide where you can battle a lot of chances or you can just go to really high end game areas in the zero zone and battle chances down below or you can just team up with a group of friends and take out five star raids while leveling up and they will be able to use your excel candies and all the rare candies and normal candies you have to power up the pokemon that way you can level it up remember once you are level 100 you'll be able to take on level six raids with no problem but please get level 100 before going in there under level you don't want to upset other players by not following that criteria so make that part of your rule set that hey i'm not going to do six star raids unless i'm level 100 the best rate of farm a bunch of these terror raids five stars and six stars is pretty much by joining each other inside of the union circle and that way you don't have to keep writing up the codes you just stick to your group of four and you can nuke so many raids without having any problems of typing in codes every time it's just a faster way that's what i did when i was running through all these raids leveling up now that you basically are ready to do five and six star raids the strat is going to work like this the leader who starts the terror raid is going to be the first one responsible for throwing out taunt this is turn one while the leader throws out taunt to not allow any status effects on the party the rest of the party is going to hit the pokemon with screech this in turn will not allow that terror pokemon to status anyone and his defense will start to lower tremendously on turn two the leader of the group the one who started it will assess the situation and see if they have to heal everyone on the team if they have to boost the defenses of the team or if they can just go along with everyone and boost the attack of the team meanwhile the entire team is also going to boost all their attack at the exact same time so you've lowered the defense of the pokemon on turn one and on turn two you're boosting all the attack of your pokemon along with all the initial prep work we did to get its attack to the maximum ability and then on turn three all players will then start to hit the opposing terror type pokemon with iron head and you should see massive damage happening especially if you're super effective or normally neutral against them but usually when you lower defense you can do a lot of work even to things you are weak against this strategy can easily destroy five star terror raids and based on the pokemon's defense if you look it up you could even make the assumption of just lowering the defenses and going straight into iron heads and skipping the whole attack boost but when it comes to six stars it's going to be sometimes a little bit more challenging and you have to do a lot more thinking and planning and strategizing and adapting to the situation as the fight happens because unpredictable rng can happen during these fights sometimes you're going to be fighting pokemon that you completely resist steel types and you're going to have to plan what to do there's going to be situations where some of your pokemon are going to get KOed in the fight and you're going to have to make rapid decisions and adapt to that so doing a lot of these terror raid fights will help you adjust your berserker strategy to what you have to do whether it be healing boosting up defenses attacking these are things you'll be able to coordinate and i think it's really good that you guys join each other in groups of four online and discuss the strategies like they said it's in the discord now speaking of rng a big rng factor that happened to us was when we bumped into a glade six star fight and that glade pretty much snooked our entire team took out all of us luckily that glade was using superpower which kept lowering its defense over and over again did a job for us so as soon as we revived we just took it out and we won so there's a lot of unpredictability in these raids and over time you will be able to adapt to these strategies if you enjoyed this video make sure to go ahead and click on this one you're going to get something really nice out of it


As-Salam-Alaikum. Welcome to lecture number 10 of the course on statistics and probability. You will recall that in the last lecture, I was discussing with you the concept of central tendency. In particular, we discussed the geometric mean and the harmonic mean and after that we discussed a relationship that exists between the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean and the harmonic mean. Also towards the end of the last lecture, I conveyed to you two other measures of central tendency, the mid-range and the mid-quartile range. Today, I am going to begin with you another extremely important concept and that is the concept of dispersion. Dispersion means the variability that exists in your data set. As you know, in any phenomenon when you collect data, all the values are not the same but they vary from one another. The variability that exists between all these values is a very important concept and it is very important for us that we should be able to have some way of measuring the amount of variability that is present in our data set. Let me explain this point to you with the help of an example. In a technical college, it may well be the case that the ages of a group of first-year students are quite consistent. For example, 17, 18, 18, 19, 18 and so on. They may all be more or less of the same age. On the contrary, a class of evening students undertaking a course of study in their spare time may show just the opposite situation as far as the ages of these students are concerned. For example, their ages may be 35, 23, 19, 48, 32 and so on. I am sure that from this example, you will be completely aware that in the first class, there is very little variability with regard to age. In the second class, there is a lot of variability. This is the topic of our today's lecture and it is a concept which is as important as the concept of average. It is a strange coincidence that a layman is very easily aware of the concept of average and he has an intuitive idea in his mind that if there is a set of data, he will have an average value. But the other concept of this with him is that the variability in that data is generally not given to a layman who is not able to give such a high importance or does not appreciate its significance as much as he does to the average. I would like to convey to you that this concept is as important as the concept of average. After all, unless there is some variability in your data set, what is it that you are trying to average? Average to you will do only if there is variability in your data. Let me try to explain this to you with the help of another example. Suppose that the sizes of the classes in two comprehensive schools in two different areas are as follows. Ab jaise ke aap is stable me dekh rahi hain, the first column represents the number of pupils in a class. In other words, the class size and these class sizes are 10 to 14, 15 to 19, 20 to 24, 25 to 29 and so on. And it goes up to quite a large class size and that is 45 to 49. Lekin ab agar aap un dono areas un dono localities ko compare karein to aap dekh rahi hain ke area A main, there is not a single school in which the class size is 10 to 14 or 40 to 44 or 45 to 49. All the class sizes in this school range between 15 to 19 and 35 to 39. On the contrary, in area B, the situation is quite different and we have 5 classes in the school whose class size is only 10 to 14. And on the other end of the table, we have 3 classes with class size 45 to 49 and 3 classes with class size 40 to 44. If we compute the arithmetic mean for both these areas, we find that the average class size for both the areas is identical and it is 27.33. Lekin students, jaisa krima ne abi aapke explain kia. Variability point of view say, the 2 areas are quite different and if we plot these 2 frequency distributions on the same graph, you will realize that the 2 distributions are absolutely different. As you now see on the screen, the spread of the distribution for area A is much less than the spread of the distribution for area B. But as I just mentioned, the average value that is the arithmetic mean for both the distributions is identical and that is 27.33. Abhi ye toh waze ho gaya ke ye distributions identical nahi hai, in spite of the fact that the arithmetic mean is the same. Toh ab crucial question yehi hai, ke how do we distinguish between the 2 distributions? Dekhi graphically toh nazar aaha hai ki they are different. But it is not enough for me to just say that it is obvious from the graph that they are different. We have to have some numerical measure to measure the variability, the spread, the scatter of the distribution of locality A as well as of locality B. And the moment we have some proper numerical way of measuring these quantities, then of course, we are able to compare the 2 distributions in a proper way. Jaisa ke aapne central tendency ke case me dekhaha tha, there were quite a few ways of measuring the central tendency of a data set. You remember all those things that we have discussed, the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, the harmonic mean, the median and the mode. Isitara students, we have different ways of measuring the spread of our distribution. I will discuss with you 4 very basic and important measures of dispersion. These are the range, the quartile deviation, the mean deviation and the most important and the most widely used that is the standard deviation. Lekin peshtar iske ke ham enko ek ek karke pick up kare. Students, me aapko ek aur nahayat important point convey karna chaati hoon. Aur wo yeh ke yeh jo chaaru naam, me ne bhi aapko liye, these are all called absolute measures of dispersion. Absolute se murad yeh hai, ke for all these measures, your answer is expressed in the same units as your data set. Let me say this again. An absolute measure of dispersion is one that measures the dispersion in terms of the same units or in the square of the units as the units of the data. For example, if the units of the data are rupees, meters, kilograms, etc. the units of the measures of dispersion will also be rupees, meters, kilograms, etc. Escape barracks, a relative measure of dispersion is that which expresses the absolute measure of dispersion relative to the relevant average and multiplied by 100 many times. And in this way it is a pure number independent of the units in which the data has been expressed. A relative measure of dispersion is one that is expressed in the form of a ratio, coefficient or percentage and as such it is independent of the units of measurement. Relative measure of dispersion compute karne ka fahida yeh hota hai, ke because it is a pure number therefore it can be used for purposes of comparison. You are able to compare the dispersion of one data set with the dispersion of another. Let us now begin the discussion of the various measures of dispersion one by one. I start with the simplest and that is the range. The range is defined as the difference between the two extreme values of a data set that is r is equal to x m minus x naught where x m represents the maximum value and x naught the smallest. You will remember that when you first learnt how to construct a frequency distribution from raw data this was one of the very first steps that you did. You found the range and then you divided it by the number of classes that you wanted to have. Is waqt main is quantity ka zikar dispersion scatter spread of the data set ke hawale se kar raheem aur aap agree karenge ke iss se zyada simple koi measure ho hi nahi sakta to determine the spread of your data. Agar aap iss ko graphically dekhayin to jaisa ke aap screen par dekh raheem it is the distance between the smallest value which lies at the left end of your distribution and the highest value which lies on the right side. I hope that from this diagram it is obvious to you that for any distribution which has a greater variability between the extreme values this distance will obviously it will be longer and for a distribution where it is a tighter distribution and there is not that much difference between the two extreme values obviously the range will be a smaller quantity. As is obvious the range is the easiest measure of dispersion. However, students you must realize that it has two serious disadvantages. The first point is that it is based on only the two extreme values and as such it ignores all the information that is present in the intermediate values. To iss me kabad hi nikal di hai ke if we are trying to measure the variability of the data set on principle all the values should be utilized to compute this variability. Why is it that we are ignoring all this information that is in the all these values which are inside and the second point is that because of this very fact that it is only the two extreme values students sometimes the range can be quite misleading. For example, suppose that there is this test with this professor has conducted a test which was very difficult and most of the students got very low marks and the marks were something like 2, 3, 7, 4, 5 out of 20. Likin sif a student hai who is very intelligent and he is able to get 18 out of 20 in this very test. Agar aap variability of marks measure karna chahi by way of the range what will you obtain the highest mark is 18 the lowest mark is 2 and the range comes out to be 16. But you should realize students that this number 16 is not a very good representative of the variability that is present in this data set in all those marks which were quite low except for this one lone mark which was so high. Agar sif ye ek number iss data set me majood na hota to baaki numberon ki range 16 ki nisbath bohot kam hoti and in this way if you have an extreme value in your data set the range is absolutely inappropriate as a measure of dispersion. Of course there are situations where the range is appropriately used as a measure of dispersion. For example in case of statistical quality control charts in the case of stock prices and also in the case of daily temperature. Her rows are very low. We have seen and heard on television that today's minimum temperature was this much and maximum temperature was this much. Now I am going to talk to you about a technical point of view. See the way I talked about the range is very simple and of course whenever you apply karenge to aap isi tara in the high simply usko aap compute karenge. Likin the concept that I wish to convey to you now is that generally speaking for any measure of dispersion we would like to think of it as the spread of the values around a central value. Yani pehle hum apne zehnd me average ko linege aur uske baad hum wo jo spread hai wo hum us average ke around measure karna chahathe. Yani is average ke hawale se kya zyada spread hai from this average or is it only a little bit. So, let me now present to you the concept of the range with regard to an average that is relevant to the range. Aapko yad hoga ke last lecture ke end me hum ne mid range ka zikar kia tha which was defined as x naught plus x m over 2. Now the range can be defined as twice of the arithmetic mean of the deviations of the smallest and largest values around the mid range that is the range is equal to mid range minus x naught plus x m minus mid range over 2 and this whole quantity multiplied by 2 and solving this expression it will come out to be x m minus x naught exactly the same definition which I gave you earlier. So baad ye bani ke ek mid range hai aur ek uska distance hai from x m jisko bhi hum deviation kahenge aur in dono deviations ka arithmetic mean agar hum lele aur usse double karne to that is equal to our range. To ye sare iss makhmase me parne ki kya zorurati. Only to convey to you that the range also follows that basic concept that generally we are trying to measure the dispersion of our data set around a central value. Ye to hui range and as I said earlier this is an absolute measure of dispersion. Jis jin units me aap ka original data hai unhi units me range bhi express ho ghi. Now what is the corresponding relative measure of dispersion as you now see on the screen the relative measure of dispersion relevant to the range is called the coefficient of dispersion and it is given by half range divided by the mid range in other words x m minus x naught over 2 divided by x m plus x naught over 2 which on simplification becomes simply x m minus x naught over x m plus x naught. As I said earlier this relative measure of dispersion is a pure number and therefore it can be used for comparing the dispersion of two different data sets. For example, if the coefficient of dispersion of one data set comes out to be 0.6 and the coefficient of dispersion of another is 0.4 then it should be obvious that the spread of the first one is greater than the spread of the second one aur ye iss baat ko madhe naza rakte we ke donno hamne relative to the central point measure ki we hamne. The next concept of dispersion that I am going to discuss with you is the quartile deviation and it is also known as the semi inter quartile range. As you now see on the screen the quartile deviation is defined as half of the difference between the third and the first quartiles that is quartile deviation is equal to q 3 minus q 1 divided by 2. Ai ye ab iss measure ki graphical picture peh gaur karthe hain aap ko yad hoga q 1 is that quantity which has 25 percent of the data before it and 75 percent after it. Similarly, q 3 is that quantity which has 75 percent area or data before it and 25 percent after it. So, as you now see on the screen the quartile deviation or in other words the semi inter quartile range is the horizontal distance which is exactly half of the distance between the first quartile and the third quartile. To aap ne dekhha ke quartile deviation bhi ek horizontal length hi ke ze ye express hoti ye. Why is it that in both the cases the case of the range and in the case of the quartile deviation we are having this distance in a horizontal direction? Well, students I hope that the answer is obvious to you ye jo frequency distribution aap ne plot ki hain y axis jo hain wo toh frequencies ko denote kara hain yani how frequently a certain x value occurred. Likin jo x values hud hain jo hamara variable of interest hain jo hamari data values hain wo toh bahar haal x axis par hi represent ho rahi hain hain. Le haza agar hum unki aapis me variation ko measure karna chahti hain toh saaf zahir hain ke that variation is going to be along the x axis. Ye hi waja hain ke iske baad jab me mean deviation aur standard deviation ka zikar karungi toh evan those quantities will be expressed as horizontal distances below the x axis. Kuch ter pehle jab me range ki baad kar rahi thi toh me ne waze toh pe aapko convey kiya ke agar humare data set me koi extremely large yaa extremely small value ho compared with the rest of the values then the range is not at all suitable as a measure of spread. Aap ye jo quartile deviation hain students is me aap note karenge ke wo jo range ka problem tha that has been overcome. Aap jo distance hain it is the distance between q 1 and q 3 aur uske baad usko hum haaf kar dete. Aur q 1 jo hain that is not on the extreme left of the distribution q 3 jo hain that is not on the extreme right uske aage toh pachchis percent of the data lie karta hain iss se pehle bhi 25 percent of the data lie karta hain. Lahaza there is no problem now the kind that we had in case of the range. So, in this regard the quartile deviation is superior to the range as a measure of dispersion. Aay ye aap hum quartile deviation ko bhi uss tara interpret karne ki koshis karte jis tara aapse thori de pehle main range ke liye kiya tha. As you now see on the screen the quartile deviation can also be viewed as the arithmetic mean of the deviations of the first and third quartiles around the median that is the quartile deviation is equal to m minus q 1 plus q 3 minus m over 2 where m represents the median and solving this expression it comes out to be equal to q 3 minus q 1 over 2 exactly the same formula that we have for the quartile deviation in its basic definition. Toh pheer wohi pehle ki tara ki baat ke ek toh hua median ek hua first quartile aur ek hua third quartile. Now the deviation that is the distance between the median and the first quartile and then on the other side the distance between the median and the third quartile. We just simply take the arithmetic mean of these two deviations and this gives us a way of measuring the dispersion of our data set. Is discussion se ape waze ho gya hoga ke quartile deviation hum us situation me istimal karenge as a measure of dispersion jis situation me hum median ko istimal karenge as the most suitable measure of central tendency. Students quartile deviation possesses quite an attractive property and that is that the median plus minus the quartile deviation contains approximately 50 percent of the data. As you now see on the screen the median of course lies in the middle the median minus the quartile deviation will be a point to the left side and the median plus quartile deviation is obviously to the right and the property that I have just conveyed to you says that 50 percent or approximately 50 percent of the data will lie between these two points median minus quartile deviation and median plus quartile deviation. So, I will give you a question. First, we have two distributions. Both are symmetric and both have the median. But one quartile deviation is equal to the other quartile deviation. As you situation me if you draw the graph of both the distributions on the same graph paper, what will you have? Obviously, the one which has the double quartile deviation that will be much wider than the one which has the smaller quartile deviation. Let us now apply this concept of quartile deviation to an example. Suppose that the share holding structure of two companies is as given in the table that you see on the screen. For company X, the first quartile is 60 shares, the median is 185 shares and the third quartile is 270 shares. On the other hand, for company Y, although the median is exactly the same as that for company X, but the first quartile and the third quartile are quite different. The first quartile is 165 shares and the third quartile 210 shares. The quartile deviation for company X therefore, comes out to be 270 minus 60 over 2 and that is equal to 105 shares. On the other hand, for company Y, it is equal to only 22 shares. Students from these computations, I hope that it is obvious to you that there is considerable concentration of the shareholders around the median number of shares in company Y. In company X on the other hand, we do not find this kind of a concentration. There is an approximately same number of small, medium and large shareholders. The answer is very simple. Just look at the quartile deviations for the two companies again. For company X, the quartile deviation is 105 shares, but for company Y, the quartile deviation is only 22 shares. The larger the quartile deviation, the greater is the scatter of the values within the series and hence it is obvious that there is greater concentration around the median in company Y as compared with company X. From the above example, it is obvious that the larger the quartile deviation, the greater is the scatter of the values within the series. Now, the question is how do we compute the quartile deviation in the case of raw data? For this purpose, let us go back to the example of the US Zoological Parks that we considered in lecture number 7. As you will recall, the example was displayed in the following table are the annual attendance figures in millions of visitors of 32 US public zoological parks. The figures are 0.6, 0.9, 0.2 and so on and all these figures are in millions. Now, we would like to compute the median, the first and third quartiles and the semi-interquartile range for this data. Of course, you all know that the semi-interquartile range is the same thing as the quartile deviation. In order to determine the values of the median and the upper and lower quartiles students, we must first arrange the attendance figures in ascending order. As you now see on the slide, the arranged figures are 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and so on. Now, because we have an even number of values that is 32, therefore the median is given by the average of the two middle values which are 1.0 and 1.1. Therefore, the median which is also known as the second quartile is equal to 1.0 plus 1.1 and this sum divided by 2 and therefore, we obtain 1.05. As far as the quartiles are concerned students, I would like you to first note the following general rule. In order to compute pj, the jth percentile from a set of n observations arranged in order from smallest to largest, we need to proceed as follows. Number 1, when jn over 100 is an integer, the jth percentile is given by the average of the jn by 100 and the jn by 100 plus 1th observations. Now, before I go to the second part of this rule, students, let us apply this first part to this particular example because as you will just see, this first part is applicable in this particular example. We wanted to find the first quartile q1 and q1 is the same thing as p25. Therefore, according to the rule, we are talking about j equal to 25 and therefore, jn over 100 is equal to 25n over 100 and because n is equal to 32, therefore, 25 into 32 divided by 100 comes out to be equal to 8 and 8 is an integer. Therefore, according to the rule that I just mentioned, we have to compute the average of the jn by 100 that is the 8th and the jn by 100 plus 1th that is the 9th observation and students, the 8th observation in our ordered dataset was 0.6 whereas, the 9th observation was 0.7 and therefore, the average of the 2 comes out to be 0.65. So, this is the first quartile or in other words, the 25th percentile of this particular dataset. Similarly, in order to compute q3, we note that q3 is the same thing as p75 and therefore, we are talking about j is equal to 75 and hence, jn over 100 comes out to be 24 and that is also an integer. Therefore, once again we apply the same rule and we need to find the average of the jn by 100 in other words, the 24th and jn by 100 plus 1th in other words, the 25th observation. So, students in our ordered dataset, the 24th value is 1.4 and the 25th value is 1.5 and therefore, finding the average of the 2, our third quartile comes out to be 1.45. Now, the inter quartile range is given by q3 minus q1 and therefore, subtracting 0.65 from 1.45, we obtain 0.8 million or in other words, 800000 as the inter quartile range. Now, students what is the interpretation of this result that we have just obtained? It means that the middle 50 percent of the attendance figures span a range of 0.8 million. This value is displayed along with the quartiles and the attendance data in the slide that you now have on the screen. This is the idea that inter quartile range covers the 50 percent values of the dharmyaan. But students, you remember that we were interested in the quartile deviation which is none other than the semi inter quartile range. Therefore, all we have to do now is to divide what we just obtained you know 0.8 to divide this by 2 and doing so, we obtain the quartile deviation equal to 0.4 million. Now, before I end this discussion students, I would like you to go back to the general rule that I started from regarding the computation of the jth percentile from a set of n observations arranged in order from smallest to largest. In this regard, the point to be noted is and this is point number 2 versus point number 1 that I stated earlier that if jn over 100 is not an integer then the jth percentile is given by the value of the jn by 100 plus 1th observation. But students please note that I have a special type of a bracket around jn over 100 in this particular expression and this kind of an expression with this kind of a bracket stands for the largest integer in jn over 100. Now, students let me explain this with the help of a simple example and using the same example that we were just considering. Suppose that we are interested in computing the 7th percentile for the data of the 32 zoological parks then j will be equal to 7 and we will have jn over 100 is equal to 7 into 32 divided by 100 and this is equal to 2.24. Obviously, 2.24 is not an integer and according to the rule that I just mentioned the 7th percentile will be given by the 2 plus 1th that is the third observation and why is this the case because students the largest integer in the number 2.24 is 2. So, we consider this largest integer and we add 1 to this number and that gives us 3 and we say that the 7th percentile is the value of the third observation. So, students this is the way in which we compute the various percentiles quartiles and deciles for raw data. Students the quartile deviation is an absolute measure of dispersion. Absolute measure is that which is expressed in exactly the same units as the units of our data set. What is the relative measure of dispersion relevant to the quartile deviation? Students it is known as the coefficient of quartile deviation and is expressed as the quartile deviation divided by the mid quartile range. As you will recall in the last lecture the mid quartile range was defined as q 3 plus q 1 over 2 and if I divide the quartile deviation that is q 3 minus q 1 over 2 by the mid quartile range that is q 3 plus q 1 over 2 solving this expression we obtain q 3 minus q 1 over q 3 plus q 1. Once again this is a pure number and it can be used to compare the dispersion of two or more sets of data. Students quartile deviation is definitely an improvement on the range as I explained a short while ago. You simply pick up the first quartile and the third quartile and you find their difference and you take half of it. The next two measures of dispersion that I am going to discuss with you the mean deviation and the standard deviation. These are two such measures which are based on each and every observation in our data set. as the central value around which we were measuring the dispersion. Now the question is how will we measure the dispersion of the values around the arithmetic mean? You know that the most frequently used average is the arithmetic mean. So, it is obvious that our first approach in this series will be very similar to what we did just now in case of the range and in case of the quartile deviation. And exactly that we will do now that we want the arithmetic mean to be considered as the central point and that is that we measure the distance of each and every data value from the mean. Denoting these distances by small d and considering their absolute values the formula for the mean deviation becomes mean deviation is equal to sigma modulus of d over n. Now in this formula we have to note two or three things. The first thing is that you have noted that I have considered absolute values. The reason for this is that if I just talk about deviations without considering the absolute values then some of the deviations will be positive and some of the deviations will be negative and if I sum them my answer will be 0. But when we take absolute value then this is because negative deviations become positive and when we sum them we obtain a positive answer and dividing that by the number of deviations we are obtaining the average deviation or this measure is mean deviation. After all mean who says the average? So, we have to take deviations of all the values from the mean. We have to take the absolute value of every deviation and after that we have to absolute deviations go average. Is formulae key detailed discussion? And after having discussed it in the case of raw data we will proceed to the case of grouped data that is when we have a frequency distribution. After that we will proceed to the most important measure of dispersion and that is the standard deviation. In the meantime I would like you to practice the concept of the range, the coefficient of dispersion, the quartile deviation and the coefficient of quartile deviation. My best wishes to you and until next time Allah Hafiz