I'll get you better ones All right, uh, oh wow people actually came in. Okay. Well, hi. Nice nice. Oh, sorry. Are you ready to begin? Okay Well, hi, so nice to chat with you all I'm So this is a follow-up to a talk that Ming Wang gave last false Asia and so this is sort of like the update I expect at most false ages for the next few years until we have our own conference Or I guess the company fails. We will we will be giving one of these So I'll be talking mostly about legal ease. This is our Twitter hint. This is me. I I'm the I'm the tech evangelist at legal ease. I do this kind of for fun And when I don't do that I work for the Ethereum foundation You want to talk about Ethereum? We can talk about that too. So Yeah, but here's I am I am the internet man mystery. It's you can like look it up There's a there's a there's a funny New York Times article about me So, okay, let's just kind of jump on jump jump on into it So these these are the the three basic things I'm going to communicate to you The first one is that you know, very computational legal This this was previously not a thing. Well, if you want to argue it's quite a thing yet we argue it will be a thing and it will probably make a lot of money and And it would be nice if we could make money and and colonize for open source as well Because you know, that's like, you know, you make a little better place and you make money, which is like, you know, two wins So the so for the techies out there as we argued Well, there's several ways that legal could be a good computationalized We argued it'll be through a fancy programming language that we are developing. You can see our get up there And then when you change up on things just about legal easing the company We are a Singaporean tech startup We're a little over a year old and we just raise our seed ground and then we'll tell you some lovely takeaways So let's tell you the vision first So the fundamental claim is so many industries have been Computationified and we we and we assert that the contract drafting will be will be the next one to fall And we're like awesome So here's some examples where this has happened before so this is a domain And this is a language that was invented to represent that domain And this is a company that made a lot of money after after after after inventing this language the start ones are Open-source languages. So perhaps the easiest example is Adobe so Adobe's first product was not Photoshop It was post script which gave an easy way for your printer structure to pay and they built various cool products on top of post script And this and this this pattern. This is this is this has happened several times With you know work on sequel another very nice one here is it is case if I were to so vision legal ease So if I were to claim the closest analogy to computational law, it would be case So here's roughly how it works back and say like the early to mid a's if you wanted to get to get a new chip design You would talk to your double e-frame. You'd say hey, I need a chip your double e-frame was like Oh, I'll get all the schematics, and then you'll send the schematics into the Escher But sometimes it's not to the Escher wire a is not connect wire B And you're like oh crap and you are just out about ten million dollars and your company fails So you're like, ah, that's wasn't what we're looking for So so so so developers they no longer write in the actual chip schematics They write in a higher level language called a very long will be HDL And so they do they this is the programming language you to write in software Hey, we're chip chip to go and it does it Extensive sanity checking before you send it to the Escher And so so the claim would be that signing a legal document is kind of like spinning it off to the Escher Because because because if there's a bug after you've signed it The bug will we should benefit one party more than the other and therefore and therefore they will not renegotiate So yeah, so so so we were claimed that just as in with with hardware once you send it off You know you really can't recall it with law. I want what you sign you really can't recall it So so yeah, so so with law so the the the market for legal is bigger than market for chips But it's probably smaller than that the printed page So the claim would be that some company will exist here within the next Oh, probably 10 to 15 years, and it will be worth somewhere between 7 billion and 45 billion. So Hey opportunity opportunity This oh it's gonna work Hello There we go Okay, here you go. Um, so so so if you will ask, oh, why will law be next? So here is here's a nice example. So this is a seed investment agreement after it's from Singapore And and so this is one that we actually actually received This is a very unpleasant to read if you want to you can get the feeling of it It's it's unpleasant, but it has this kind of if then kind of structure. It's oh, you know If it's back then this and so and so Ming show me this once maybe maybe a little under two years ago and he said Virgil Why wasn't it just this and I was like That's a good question man. It's a good question. And you know and particularly notice, you know, you know Then why the above line and the idea was when it says it. Oh, why can't I write this and have it compiled to this? So it kind of says English is like an assembly language, you know, you know, you know real human like You don't actually want one like write in this and then the claim is that modern legal drafting is It is you doing a simply programming by hand and you're like, oh, well This is it's like, oh, I mean if you actually want to like program program things, you know Yeah, we can show you much better ways of doing this and then assembly. We accept a lot of experience doing this So, yeah, so so the fundamental idea For commercial legal is you're right in this and compile to this So the the lawyers themselves actually somewhat came came to the same idea So this is a lovely paper if you want to I send it to you. This is by a practicing lawyer I think he was in New York and then he went to academia when academia He was teaching contract drafting and he used his old contracts that you know that were like very successful in his practice But then but then while teaching them he discovered his old contracts were were actually riddled with bugs and he was like Oh, you know, you know, maybe we should like fix these and and he has this kind of long paper In short word, he says that you know, you know bugs are everywhere And and he has this nice nice line at the end saying, you know saying saying oh saying oh well It'd be nice if we could test Contracts is sending away Engineers test for things and he has ideas of using the flow charts and mathematical notation and stuff like that However, he's basically unaware of ways of doing this in software.   No, I know you're laughing. But no, like I'm like I'm like who be serious So so where we have different languages to get your formalisms They have a funny Latin phrases and we're and we have you know, you know Syntax highlighting and ideas and spacing they have word and where we have, you know, you know Get in any comparison they have fact changes and where we have great libraries with testing tutorials And so the idea would be that the rest of these lawyers have never heard of them. And so you're like, oh, well, you know Oh, you know, you know, you can make money here here here here Yeah, so so this so this would be sort of the the way to do it So the claim would be that you know You can take the past 50 years of learning how to do software well and just kind of like this kind of Imported and you're like, oh, you know, and then you just went like, oh, that's that's great So so so this is so this is this is kind of the legal industry today So this so this sort of the way that we think about it So this would be the Microsoft Word document. This is this is sort of like what it means and This is this is kind of like this kind of like your workflow. I don't want we'll zoom in on these So I'll give you some examples. So most most people doing law tech They're all over here because they haven't really never really figured out this kind of programming like idea yet But they will so here's some examples of this So a democracy they want to be sort of a get hub for law so you can upload your legal templates And you can download the mall and you like mix and match them One problem with that is that you just an end user You don't actually know that the templates that you need so for example So in Singapore you need like eight agreement eight eight different eight different documents to do an investment agreement And you probably don't know what those eight ones are and if you did, you know, you mean, you know I mean you probably a lawyer and you don't need us anyway So so so one issue with this is that it's very if you have all the templates You get there's like they're both little knobs on every template and every and all little knobs across the eight They all need to be the same and you're like, oh, you know, and you probably don't know those knobs Rocket Lawyer is kind of interesting. So they are a so actually these are both in Silicon Valley So rocket law they're doing a fancy machine learning on legal purposes and they had this idea that Only the only like intelligent clause and incentives completion. So they correctly noticed that a lot of you know legal contracts Then they're fairly mechanical. They're like, oh, they're mechanical. We basically do like Predictive completion for you very sensible idea. I would know that we do not When we program today, we do not do not really like function completion in like assembly You know, and like no one's ever wanted to do that I was like, oh, you know, you know, if we if you want to like make this simply easier We just go up to a higher level and so this is what we would say is what you actually do And this is so in this well Well, we don't have a second. So this is this is kind of so ideally you'd like to be able to see Kind of compile it like you do do like a c-program and it will kind of tell you all all the stuff that you can get out Well, we'll jump back that can't like that jumped that in a second So so this so this is kind of the future we would like So this is some code that we actually wrote in our preliminary language called l4 And the idea in the hope was that you could write something like this and click the compile button and get all your PDFs out So so so this is a code for a receipt agreement and the idea is that you just go oh generate you just go bam So a very common thing would be something like So say in Singapore there are several ways several different Investing investing that's in types. So one might be someone's like a little note. There's say a safe So common thing so so usually don't really know you shouldn't entrepreneurs.  So okay. So a very common thing There there's a certain quote for processes you have to follow and entrepreneurs just typically just don't know them and they violate them like all the time without it without even knowing it and Unfortunately, you know, I mean, I mean usually it's like a small thing the government government doesn't really care But presumably you would like not to you know start your company with violating the law and that's usually not like That's not very like a way to start And you know that you also have have checking against you know existing norms So the idea is something like this so you want to output something like sorry visualization So you say so this is kind of like fuzzing of a contract.   Oh, I'd like to know is there ever a case where I give you a million dollars So I'd really like to know that Or is there ever a case where we're out where I give you mine on my company or my child Oh, you know, this would be you know, very important. I like to know about all this You can output to different natural languages. So so I just as you could you could compile to English You don't have a Mandarin or Bahasa or something like that And you actually have true multi-lingual contracts and have you know relatively Reasonable assurance that they say the same thing just the same way that with the C program you compiled is the x86 or arm You can compile to do to do different jurisdictions And you know and and you need bypass translations and stuff like that Something that's a little more exciting when we're dear to my heart is idea of also compiling to a theory. So So in principle, a theory would just be a one more jurisdiction It would be a little more complicated because so the space of I mean because the things that theory can do is Like like there exists some contracts Oracles and stuff like that So this might be like a little bit tricky, but I guess the idea is that you are automate as much as you can One cool idea about this is that so you can output to English as well as a theory and this gives you sort of a backwards Compatibility layer for graceful fallback to the traditional legal system when terrible things happen So one reason you don't want to use smart contracts. They're like, oh, what if we have a bug? I like our readers S. O. L. So the idea with this is like, oh, no this time. You're not so if something terrible happens You can go to a judge and you can say hey We agreed to this just hand like a hundred page PDF and and the judge never even sees the theory and it I said, oh a hundred page PDF Oh, I'm totally used to working with this and this and this gives it gives you a traditional fallback saying case something terrible happens You know like oh, well, that's great So this is kind of like an onboarding ramp to the fancy smart contract future that we all want so often So so if you have multiple things you're doing say say you know you're adding a director adding an investor There's a sequence of sequence in the order. You must do them in and some so they do them like in the wrong order So it'd be nice to get say oh, you know, here's the here's the order They have to submit these these documents in and this could also be done in an automated way There may be some deadlines and you can automatically export to them to iCal say oh these are your deadlines They also say oh, you know, these are your obligations for the contract and we can automatically Export these to your Microsoft project or to whatever so the hope would be like this is what we want like It's what we want. We want you to do this and if you can do this, you know, then you can conquer the world So I seen here so So okay, so the hope would be that so you could take English kind of like this and then after you sort of render them into math Then then then you can do then then the computer can do everything so it can make nice flow charts It can do scenario visualization. They can do sanity checks. It can say something like oh, you know Is there ever a case where someone is compelled to do x and people do y of it x and y they're Exclusive like oh, well, you know, you can't do that and therefore therefore you have a bug So like you should go fix that and you can yeah, and this is uh, and this is great And these are all things that lawyers have no idea you can do So so so so this so I showed you was the vision and this is what we have so far so our prototype language is called l4 l4 for legal and And an off because there's nothing else called l4. So it's nice and easy to Google So so so this is sort of the history of formalizations of contracts. So this is the first one So it goes back a while so this is the 86 So in this one, so this is for okay, so you know, it's a sense of particulars about the person And to determine if they qualify for for for bitter citizenship And there's like this big complicated flow truck that is actually a crazy act and there was holding a prologue. It's like oh, that's neat So this is kind of the first one. I'm a little more modern This is this is a PhD thesis doing this in a in high school for a wider variety of contracts This is actually probably our our favorite one So like there are there are many papers Doing this for I guess subsets of contracts if you want one that's for you know, a little more general This is probably the best one currently There's a funny thing actually almost all people doing this. They're all in Europe. Like I don't I don't really know why I mean, I'm from America. I'm usually like, you know, you know, you know USA number one But no, this is like this is like definitely like Dane Danish number one I'm just like, why are they all Danish if I were to guess it would be because you know, maybe they're used to the idea They're being so they have very similar legal concepts because they're all part of the EU But they all have different natural languages to this idea. So oh, we can like sort of draft the logic of the EU But then we output to the different the different local languages and just cultural core So this is another nice one. So this is I want to do it for for financial agreements We really like this one So financial agreements are like probably like the best to do this in first of all because that's where the money is But also secondly, it's also like like the easiest kind of like like there's like the most the simplest to take reason about They see all financial groups. They kind of go.  So here's one that they wrote. It's in their paper.  I mean, this is considered really nasty for a lawyer But you know for a software provider. Oh, we can handle that. That's not so bad I've definitely noticed that when lawyers think think they have complex contracts. Oh, it's nothing It's nothing like like a software developers. We deal with you know things hundred X thousand X of what they're used to So so this is good. So I I'm very optimistic about it So it's like sort of brute force all possible states of this and we can examine So so this is so so this is kind of the prior art This is sort of this sort of this is a reason why we think this this is novel. This is a good idea So this is so this is Ken Adams. So he's an American He's probably the the most famous contract drafter in the world and he tweets sometimes And when he tweets so he had this very nice one. He had his next question He was asking as two sentences acne shall keep the information confidential first acts acne Shall pay the purchase price and then he asked. Oh, you know, how how do we call these two things? amusingly he asked linguist it turns out that the distinction among these was actually solved 40 years ago in computer science. So here's this thing. It's called computation tree logic. We're representing events Here's a see how it is. So you start at the top and you move down the bottom and every single bottom is Every single every node below you sort of a possible future at the next time step and it gives you an excruciatingly detailed Grammar for detailing all like all possible futures and events among them and he and they're like Completely and this has been in about like 81. So I'll kind of show you how this works So all right. So so so you have some some some initial state. You're at the top and it says, oh There must exist some event So the next state. So okay, if I'm in state a which would be the red The next event must be state B and that'd be like the blue or it might be I'd be oh, you know, you know for one possible future. It must be state B another one would be oh, you know, you know You know in all possible futures B will always be true. This be something like you know, you know acting to keep the information confidential I know it might be in one possible future B will always be true another one would be In an all possible futures B will be true at least once this would be acting. You will pay the purchase price And there there it is that in one possible future B B B will be true once Or sophisticated we can say oh, you know in the future there will be You'll be you know some state B But it actually some state C and C will will always come after B. So example of this would be Be maybe you pay for something and then see, you know, you get to think ship to you I mean and there could be some play between the ship. Maybe the blank node there So and either this this whole this whole grammar this whole This is the way you express this in English and here it is in pretty treat in pretty tree diagrams So here's kind of like I mean we want to belabor the point But this would be acting she'll keep you pretty confidential because if you didn't come there till you know forever And this should this would be an acne will pay the purchase price because presumably only pay once And like and he's and like oh And what you can you can you can specify all kinds of things and why I like no clue you can do this But you know but but but in verification of software simple software for firmware. We've been doing this for about four years Yeah, so you know so this is this is sort of a taste for for for how language like this this will look So and basically we're working on it The problem is that so we want to kind of create like a periodic table of contracts Which actually has like never been done before and so this is not like a this is like a not really like a multi-month long project It's like a multi-year-long project. So So there will be updates coming on So so so yeah, so that's the vision. That's where we are so far and this is legalese in the company So this so we are a Singaporean startup. We were started in 2015 at JFDI Actually, I think we technically cooperated in six nodes at one area. Okay, so we started JFDI They were a Singaporean incubator. They recently shut down too So there's for their founders to go and do bigger and better things. We made our first. So origins was started so okay, so the way we started so The the startups within JFDI They'd be raising, you know, maybe maybe say a hundred thousand dollars But to do their seed round the longer we want somewhere between five and ten K And you know, and you don't really want to spend five to ten percent of all your money just on legal fees So they would often try and cobble together the Legalism themselves like online templates, but they'd usually do it wrong and and so Oh, we'd be nice to get into kind of a contracts on rails experience So they could so they could do do simple agreements and so and we made that it's it's a v1 It's not legal ease calm. That's meant to sort of be a I say to be usable by a determined user And yeah, so that's that's my first thing So this got got spun out of JFDI We we we want some grants if you're if you're curious if you see the blockchain space They give money for block chain stuff and you shouldn't doing things related to improving the Asian economy They give they give free free money So we've interested in working with the ethereum foundation So they are using like this so the claim is that just as it's easier to like fetch interest in a database using SQL Then it's a using JavaScript So currently you write a theory and contracts me a little bit like JavaScript So this is called a sense of solidity It is that when we make our l4 language We could replace the JavaScript solidity language with it and hopefully be you know more secure and things like that So you know that that's why a theory is interested because we might hypothetically become their their primary language We recently raised our seed round 444 for 300k We are basically we're doing a better version of the v1 app and we are we're interested in talking with that with IMDA So IMDA wants to do they want to have your query essential servers So I set my contract in a formal language and I and I asked IMDA. Is this legal and you know They'll give back you know a yes or no or or or or statutes. They're violating So it's sort of all sort of automatic compliance to make sure you know you're always the bank of law because you know I'm usually into that Yeah, and we're kind of doing revenue experiments So this is our view on product you can actually use this right now if you want This is this is this is where you can get get get your your c-fund raising for your Singaporean company for free And this is kind of like this is kind of what it looks like you can put your your your pre-money evaluation What kind of three times you want and you know who the entities are the investors are and you just hit generate and poof. There you go So so our business model here, it's it's a little disruptive So we're usually these things cost, you know five hundred two hundred dollars an hour We're doing this all in software, you know You I mean we do it like a dollar You know, you know a page and we don't really like care what's on the page You can be like as complicated as you want because you know, it's totally fine with us And yeah, so the same way that uber makes one dollar for me taxi ride in the world We want to make one dollar for from from every contract signed in the world and that's like fundamentally the idea and it's turning business is turning contract drafting from a High-high market low-volume business to a high-volume low-market business So, so yeah, so that that's that's a kind of the idea Are we're done? Oh, okay. All right. All right. No, okay. Well, basically done. This is this is our expansion path We'll start here. We'll stand out This is some smart people think think think this is a good idea So this is this is Mark Andreessen. He's a famous Silicon Valley investor and he says yes, this idea is great You should do it and he says yes, we will do it And this is what we have for you if you want free investment people work. It's free Just get it. If you wait a few years later, it'll be about $10. So, but you know, but now it's free and if you want if you're curious interested in And you know kind of like a revenge of the nerds on on on law You know where the law is like the cool kids and you were like the logician You know, this you can you can read you can read about how to beat them And eventually we'll be offering you Language doing this and right now so we're here We're looking for people that want to give us money to do research and we're looking for people that are interested in Programming languages and past school experience. So if you're interested in and joining us with that Those those are kind of like the requirements and then we're done Sorry, I didn't know I went over Oh, I was really late then. Oh, okay. I always really late. Okay


From the CUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, connecting with thought leaders around the globe. These are Cloud Native Insights. Hi, I'm Stu Miniman, the host of Cloud Native Insights where we're talking to companies and practitioners about how they take advantage of the innovation and agility of the cloud. Happy to welcome to the program. I have first-time guest, Edo Safruti. He is the co-founder and CTO of PerimeterX. Going to talk to him in a dual role, both as a practitioner and their adoption of cloud-native technology, serverless specifically, as well as they are a cloud-native supplier in the security realm. Edo, thanks so much for joining us. Nice to have you on the program. Yeah, good to be here. Thanks. All right, so Edo, if you could, you're co-founder of PerimeterX. Give us just, if you would, a little bit of your background and what PerimeterX does and we'll go into truth from there. Sure. So as CTO, I'm in charge of the research, engineering, and product team at PerimeterX. We are a vendor, a cloud-native vendor, of web application security, protecting all kind of different business logic abuses for our customers, mostly large websites that are in demand of web scale, so not only doing the protection or the application, but also integrated into multiple infrastructure and running at scale. We're solving problems like account takeover, carding, major card data skimming, and so on. Yeah, one of the conversations we've been having the last couple of years from security is that there's no shortage of new threats. The surface area of attack keep getting more. Here in 2020, everybody's working from home more. The people that are doing attacks didn't stop working. So if you could just under, how long has PerimeterX been around? And I want to lead up to the discussion of serverless. What was the architecture considerations before and what started leading you towards making a change architecturally? Yeah. So PerimeterX was founded almost six years ago, less than six years ago, and we were a cloud-native solution to begin with. We identified the challenges of where the gap of security in native cloud application is, where in many cases security solutions are, we're not leveraging the breadth and the new architecture of how well applications are built, and we're more of trying to slap in standard enterprise security on other cloud infrastructure. When we started, we wanted to integrate and adopt the cloud and adopt the flexibility of the specifically of the edge to help enhance our customer's infrastructure by adding security onto that versus forcing them to rearchitect it when they integrate security into it. Well, it's interesting. You say six years ago, I can't remember hearing the term cloud native that long ago. Cloud has been around for a while, but when I started this, one of the discussions around cloud native was, oh, people were talking about adopting containers in Kubernetes. And I said, they're great tools to help from the infrastructure standpoint, but you're talking about living in the cloud, taking advantage of cloud services. That's where we really see the opportunity in cloud native. So when you say you were built for the cloud, but things like containers, serverless, probably weren't doing those six years ago, maybe, you know, or were you? Actually, yeah. So we started early versions of obviously all dockerized. Kubernetes was not that great back then. So we were orchestrating some things on our own and gradually adopting other orchestration and mesh for our own service that is obviously running on multiple cloud vendors. But from us, from our point of view, the key for cloud was how can we enable our customers and how can we integrate better with them in a way that enhanced their infrastructure versus add friction? Because the challenge usually with security is that security in most cases or traditionally was adding friction and delays and complexity to develop our process. And we were designing our solution to begin with on how can we leverage these new technologies? How can we leverage the fact that CDNs and edges are becoming smarter and you can start deploying your own payloads and logic to make our logic integrated with them and to partner with these cloud players in order to enable our customers to add these additional tiers. And I think this is, from my point of view, one of the key capabilities of having the capabilities of computed edge and serverless is making a lightweight integration and making your existing infrastructure smarter by making it easy to incorporate third party vendors or other solutions or more logic without forcing the whole architecture of the solution. Yeah, you bring up some great points. I remember back the early days of Docker, it was can we get the atomic unit to be closer to what the application is? But, you know, my background is an infrastructure and it was, okay, it went from the server to the VM to the container. Yeah, there's an application that sits on top of it, but I don't think about it, as opposed to serverless starts with the developer first and how I build my application and then there's certain things that I have to worry about the platform. So help us understand, doing containers, looking at serverless, was it, okay, we're gonna completely overhaul and throw out what we had because there's something new and better. Are you doing still some containers and some serverless? Help us understand what drove that transition and what the outcomes were. Yeah, so our infrastructure, our machine learning algorithms, the data processing, the heavy lifting that we're running on our own infrastructure, which is, again, cloud-native infrastructure, but something that we're managing. In many cases, he's using containers, he's using other environments because we were running heavy payloads, we're not fully relying on some other platform to run it for us. We're leveraging a lot of these technologies to run it in a more efficient way. Where we're adopting serverless is both in some of the front-end decision, so making smarter load balancing decision, integrating with some other cloud vendors to help make sure that requests are coming in the right, you and things like this. But where it is more important then is how can we make ourselves relevant for our customers to adopt serverless and how can we help introduce security into these environments? Because if you're looking at traditional security, if you're, so it's more about, if I go to that on how can I enable our customers adopt serverless? How can I enable our customers adopt new technologies in the cloud? Because it could be a limitation. If you're a security policy or if your architecture is such that requires everything to go through a specific security proxy or some firewall, it may force you to utilize very limited architectures.  How can you make that application smarter? How can you make that application sort of self sufficient? By connecting modules, by making sure that you're including modules that integrate the security and bring the security with you everywhere. So this is the motion that we're trying to find here. Well, and I'm sure you've got a really interesting viewpoint that I'd love to hear on this Edo. So if you look at most new technologies, especially in the cloud space, serverless specifically, cost it should be less expensive, flexible. I should be able to make changes and speed. I should be able to do more faster. But always when you look at those, you say, well, but what about security? Can I do all of those things, be faster, better, cheaper, more agile and not be less secure? So I'd love to hear any thoughts you have on kind of the typical things, but also your security angle on that. Yeah. So one of the benefit of using serverless or, and I think there are two types, literally thinking of serverless. One is running your code in some backend application that may access different things, but you don't need to manage for scale because there is some platform that manage that, which is one great option. What you're seeing more and more and we're working in collaboration with Fastly and where you can see that on other edge platforms is having this notion of serverless, how can you deploy code to the edge? The benefit there is that you can mitigate a lot of the risks outside your data center, outside your cloud, if there is, and this is where security plays so well with that because you want to mitigate the risks and the attack as far away from your application as possible. So if you can deploy the logic that is doing that or making decisions at the edge, it helps you improve your infrastructure cost. It helps you improve some of the applications that are still in the backend. So you can gradually forward deploy the logic that is relevant at the edge and getting the scalability, getting this ability to scale a bit without limit because the CDN or this edge vendor has a lot of capacity and withhold if it's a denial of service attack or if it's any other type of attack where this logic can handle. Or even sometimes it just scale. Maybe you had a very good marketing campaign and you're having a lot of traffic. If you can deploy this code somewhere that can handle that in a distributed and efficient way, you're handling it better. Well, and it sounds like that fits into what ParameterX does. When I think about edge, scale concerns, security concerns are some of those top of mind as are just, can automation, things like machine learning or AI help me? Because usually that scale or distributed nature of it means that it's not necessarily something that people alone could take care of themselves. Am I getting right a little bit where ParameterX is helping their customers? Yeah, yeah. And the idea is to connect, to help offline offset some of the logic or some of the capabilities that you don't want your business to be an expert in. So if you're a retailer, you want to be able to sell the best to optimize recommendation for your customers and to handle that, you don't want to be an expert in detecting bots or in identifying malicious code or things of that sort. And if you can offset that and with a lightweight, easy integration that does not limit your ability to innovate and adopt new technologies, this is what we're trying to help. Let us focus this by integrating the edge, by integrating with partners like Fastly and so we can help enhance the infrastructure and add more capabilities where you can focus on doing your own business and we can help allow and enable additional technologies. Along your serverless journey, what partners, what other vendors who were helpful along the way, as I've looked at it, it's a relatively young ecosystem, but it's robust. So curious, some of the companies that have helped along the way. Yeah. I think Fastly is definitely one that is from their earlier infrastructure. They always had a component of exposing their edge and making it more programmable via configuration and setting logic and now rolling out a computed edge that is giving even more flexibility. Other CDNs are opening their edge as well with all kinds of views. Again, Lambda from AWS and other services. So this is one component. How do you manage that? How do you always read that? There are issues of how much state can you manage their access to data and there are different services that allows that. Other platforms which are more of the platform as a service that are not traditionally considered serverless. You can think of it as e-commerce platforms helps you deploy your logic and sometimes code application into their ecosystem and helps you focus on, again, managing your application. So think of Magento, think of Salesforce Cloud, this kind of commerce applications that you can deploy your logic. They're all fit into that ecosystem of help you. You want to write your code that you're key on and let someone else manage the scale, let someone else manage some of the things that are common to all. Well, that's definitely wanting to see that the diversity of solutions at edge, very different from if you were thinking kind of the traditional enterprise data center. Any, as a CTO, when you look at edge, where are we with the maturation of this whole solution? Are there areas specifically that you expect in the next 6, 12, 18 months that we will see something solidify, mature down the line? Yeah, yeah. So I think that the state where the edge compute is at now is more about deploying logic that is remote from the data center. So there is a limit if you look across different vendors to the more IO or data access capabilities of this load. So if you can write the code and make itself sufficient, it's easier and it's more common to find platforms that will allow that. What you're starting to see is how you add the data layer into that tier and making it more accessible. And that opens the gate for many more reach and interesting applications because once you can have a key value store and once you can manage a state, modify configuration, you can then start deploying more complex applications and make more decisions. Do I see a billing system running entirely on the edge? Probably not. I mean, there are things where you want to store it in the database. There are things that make sense to have it in some backend infrastructure, but a lot of payloads, more and more environments are going there. And I think these additional services of queuing services, data services, database-like services. So can I run a transaction on the edge? These kind of technologies are currently emerging and you can see them in different levels with different vendors. And they will definitely open the gate even further for more and more applications to be adopted at the edge. All right, well, last question I have for you. What advice would you give for your peers out there? As I said, you were early in Docker adoption. Yeah. You've done serverless adoption. Edge is something that is gaining a lot of attention. What advice would you give to people here in 2020 is that they look at the variety of cloud-native options out there? I think the easy one is anything new that you build, look around and figure out what is the best technology that can help you get there faster. And how can you build in a more strategic way for C-suite executive, if it's the CTO, CIO, CISO? Think on how can you enable your team to move faster? How can you enable your team by the solutions and technologies that you select to have the flexibility of moving faster? How can you enable them to adopt new technologies and make it available? How can, and this is, you need some practices because you need to make sure that you are getting the right metrics. So whenever that you're using vendors that will help you collect and monitor the services and get insights, because suddenly, if anyone can deploy anything anywhere, then there is some concern of loss of control. So finding the right vendors that can help you or adopting the right processes that help you gain this visibility while still enabling them to go anywhere. This is key, at least for us, it was key. And this is, from wearing my product hat, when we're building our services, this is what we're trying to enable our customers to do with the security part. Well, Ito Safriti, thank you so much for sharing your journey. I really appreciate you having on the program. Sure, thanks. And if you have people we should talk to, I would love hearing stories of cloud native, how those of jobs that you're going, sharing your information with your peers, I'm Stu Miniman and look forward to hearing more of your cloud native insights.


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. Here's another episode of the Daily Roundup in which you'll get a glimpse into some of the news stories that NewsClick is covering. So here's a look at the top stories from the Daily. It comes as no surprise that the main accused named in the FIR lodged by the UP police in response to the violence that erupted near Buland Share are from the Bajrang Dal, Vishwa Hindu Parishad and the BJP. The police has also registered a case against 88 persons of whom 25 are yet to be named. The violence that erupted in Buland Share claimed the life of a 22-year-old student and inspector Subod Kumar. These incidences of mob violence by members of Hindutva groups are on the rise. There is some very serious questions about the deteriorating state of law and order in Uttar Pradesh. In December 2013, the BJP swept the assembly elections in Rajasthan, winning as many as 163 seats in the 200-member assembly. Let's take a look at BJP's performance in the state over the past five years. Farmers have been severely impacted by the unchecked increases in prices of essential inputs such as electricity, diesel, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc. The refusal to either hike or add to the minimum support prices has allowed big farmers to drive down prices, leaving the smaller farmers at a loss. Between January 2015 and August 2018, the per-day wages of agricultural workers increased from Rs. 278 to Rs. 291 for men and Rs. 254 for women. That's a rise of a mere 4.5% over three years. The wages for the industrial workers is among the lowest in the country. The minimum wage, as recommended for central government employees, is calculated at Rs. 18,000. The minimum wage for an unskilled worker is Rs. 5,798. For a semi-skilled worker, it is Rs. 6,058. And for a highly-skilled worker, it stands at somewhere around Rs. 7,358. The unemployment rate in Rajasthan has reached 55%. Even among graduates, it is 21%, according to the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. The state government has also raked up an enormous debt as for RBI and most of this debt is owed to the bank. Yet increased liabilities have not translated to better lives for the farmers or for the workers of Rajasthan. Now, on to some more depressing news about the deteriorating air quality in the capital New Delhi. The NGT, or the National Green Tribunal, has slapped a fine of Rs. 25 crore on the Delhi government for failing to curb pollution in the city. The Central Pollution Control Board recorded an overall air quality index, that's the AQI of 352, which falls in the very poor category. The PM 2.5 level was recorded at 155 and the PM 10 level at 328. An AQI of 0 to 50 is considered good, 51 to 100 satisfactory, 101 to 200 moderate, 201 to 300 poor, 301 to 400 very poor and 401 to 500 severe. Will this 25 crore fine have any on-ground implications for the citizens of Delhi? Can a fine really improve the air quality in the city? And finally, some news from the world of science. Last week, He Zhenkue, a Chinese scientist, claimed that he was able to do gene modification in the genomes of two twin baby girls aimed at making them resistant to HIV infection. The alterations made in the genomes would have the capacity to get passed on to the future generations. The claim is yet to appear as a scientific patent and has incited sharp criticism from scientists and bio-ethnicists. The Chinese Society for Cell Biology has also issued a statement declaring that the research is a serious violation of the Chinese government's law and regulations and the consensus of the Chinese scientific community. From the point of view of justice and equity, there is also the concern that genome editing will be accessible only to small wealthy section and that in turn will only increase the existing disparities in healthcare and intervention. That's all we have for you in today's Daily Roundup. For the latest news, do log on to our website www.newsclick.in. You can also visit our YouTube channel and log on to our Facebook page for more videos.


Any more news on the church grounds of death, and what Elder God is referring to is the mass graves were being on earth in British Columbia specifically that I know because I live here of residential schools where hundreds of children were buried in mass graves because they died under the custody of the Catholic Church and the Canadian government So what happened for a number of decades the Canadian government would bring in Catholic Church and Seize the children of the indigenous population here For multiple reasons one of them being that they're committing genocide They were committing cultural genocide so they were preventing the children from speaking their own language learning their own language They were disconnecting them from their children. So they're from their parents So they didn't grow up knowing what it means to be a parent how what it means to be a family They were sexually emotionally physically mentally. They were abused. They were murdered. They were raped and It's being on earth now that hundreds of children some places 800 over I can't remember what the numbers. It's just over the top.


HBC Dodgers Radio welcome back I'm your host Jared Carter privileged today to be joined by Sister Keona Kizzi she is a senior political science major out of Tennessee the president of the political science society at the North Carolina A&T State University here to talk with us today about the recent developments out of the Supreme Court on the gerrymandering case which if you haven't been keeping up with it maintains in part in large part actually an issue that has literally divided the A&T campus down the middle into two separate voting districts and something that the students have been fighting for and about for a number of years so sis it is a pleasure and an honor to have you on today. Well thank you for having me. So Supreme Court comes down with this decision that the federal government will not get involved on issues of voter redistricting and North Carolina A&T has been at the heart of that for a couple years now and the students have really led the charge on this matter because in fact the campus is in two separate voting districts down the middle you have been at the heart of this as one of the organizers and activists you've worked with external groups beyond the campus to get this to and through the courts what was your reaction to the Supreme Court's decision? Oh man honestly devastated because the Supreme Court's honestly haremarked especially considering my own personal beliefs I want to become a lawyer one day I was haremarked as kind of a champion of the people but that to me that decision wasn't reflective of the needs of the community or the United States at large. I've had the pleasure of being you know mentored by several faculty shout out to Dr. Armstrong, Steele and Smith along with the rest of my eboard and previous students because this has been going on since 2016 and I've just now been able to kind of follow in their footsteps and keep the fight going. So this has been your whole collegiate career essentially right fighting this issue. Yes essentially. I mean to have so much invested in getting the word out getting media involved and engaged on your battle and then to have it come down as a decision like this do you do you feel like okay well we gave it our best shot and this is it or is there another direction in which you fight? No I definitely believe that there's always another direction especially considering where our ancestors came from and the things that we've overcome there's always another step to take and as far as the political society we've definitely convened since then and gotten together with a specific plan and format and ways that we want to go about in this upcoming year. As of right now we're focusing on voter education with the new North Carolina voter ID laws and just working on massive voter registration drives on campus and in the surrounding community to make sure that we're all on the same page. Take us back a little bit to how you first became aware of this issue and how you became involved because I think a lot of HBCU students who are going to listen to this come to an HBCU for an opportunity like this to make a difference in their community but because of their personality or because they're new to a city or campus they don't always feel comfortable doing that. You're not from Carolina you're a military kid been a lot of different places so how did you become comfortable on the A&T campus becoming out front and engaged on this topic which has national reach and implications. All right that's actually such a far-reaching story. I actually didn't start my journey at A&T. As a freshman I went to Spelman College in Atlanta and then I transferred between them money issues like many people do and I was kind of battling between whether I wanted to go back to Spelman or start A&T and I just got really really immersed in A&T's culture and their student body and luckily like I said earlier I was fortunate enough to find really good mentors that are great at doing what they do and because of them they really kind of just motivated me it started off with me just wanting to be in the political science society and then my professor and mentor let me know that it actually hasn't been registered on campus since 2014 so I kind of took that under my wing and started the process of doing that and then it just kind of rolled into me becoming president and then it was all just sort of this snowball effect and here I am now talking to you and just trying to let people know that these things have a massive effect it doesn't simply just affect A&T it affects the surrounding community and local elections and then it just rolls into presidential elections because it's a jerrymandered on a local level a jerrymandered on all levels that's right for everybody who may not be familiar with what gerrymandering and voter redistricting is can you kind of give us a primer on what it is and why it's so important right so basically every 10 years the united states creates a census based on population data things like age you raise political what's the word basically your political affiliation now in early 2016 republicans ted bud and mark walker basically hired a political scientist to sort of redistrict the counties that you see so instead of them being in kind of fair equal representations they look like what people often call squiggle marks because what they effectively did is instead of A&T being one entire campus which was represented by the lovely Alma Adams it was called district 12 now they've broken us into the 13th and the 16th which basically kind of breaks down our votes into two separate groups and we're surrounded by I won't say surrounded but we're mostly encompassed by other republicans and how does that when it when it breaks down to actual elections which you referred to earlier about how it impacts if some people would say okay well A&T has to is in two districts right but those students are going to vote a certain way either way no matter what district they're in what does that division mean for the outcomes of elections from local to state to federal right so effectively what gerrymandering does is it takes our A&T's campus which is historically and predominantly democrat it takes that and kind of dilutes the vote by surrounding it with other republican votes that have more weight to it and it's also continuing the fight against that and trying to find an independent way to redistrict counties so what do you say to people who say okay well you know what that's screwed up but there's a lot of republicans in north carolina they had another case that came before the supreme court involved democrats doing it in maryland so if the issue is whoever's in charge can draw the lines the way they want to how do you respond to folks who just say well if you don't like it then then go be in charge but somehow i i myself and i know a lot of other personal friends of mine and students on campus have been battling with because time and time again we tend to put the power into hands of other people who we might do best fit to protect you know our community and our interests but they've shown us time and time again that they don't so we're working on finding a way of taking that power specifically to redistrict outside of politician hands and into something more independent and if that doesn't work actually we're going to have an onslaught of young adults running for congress in local position talk about the the i guess the honor or the the privilege of being the next generation of a and t or aggy activists right because there are few campuses in effect i think a and t might be the only campus that i can think of where the heartbeat of the school's identity is civil rights if you say a and t the first thing you think is a and t four um yeah you know so and then and don't get me wrong all hbc's have that but i think that yours is a campus that intimately feels that way from start to finish from when you come in to when you graduate you are an aggy activist that is that's what aggies do so to speak that's what aggy pride is um so what is it like to be a part of that legacy and how do you think that that today's activism is different from what the a and t four did at the lunch counter oh that was a very low question i think it's it's overwhelming in the most positive sense because you're surrounded by people that know instinctively how you feel you're surrounded by alumni that have been through this before so you get access to that knowledge and that like vast base to kind of help lift you up into your own spirit and just the things and the policies that you help create for future anti students the challenges that we face today are still violent but they're violent in a different aspect the a and t four faced physical violence for the things that they did ours is more so political economic social ramifications so while you don't harm me physically you do harm that state of being as a person in the united states if that makes any sense yes um we do have the privilege of being able to kind of connect with more people like via podcast or social media but at the same time it it's often tricky because you run into issues of like your voice being drowned out by the thousands of other things that are constantly happening so you have to try to find a way to let people know that this is important but this does affect each and every one of us it's one of the basic things that kind of reap into other issues as far as representation and policy and things like that when you what is it that you want your elected officials to to know um about the seriousness of this issue and why they should take a different course to approaching a and t greensboro north carolina's voting autonomy and basic constitutional right to vote what is it that you want folks like alma adams mark walker other folks in the state to know about how serious this is and why it should be different me um i want to think i'm i'm because i know she's been working hard she specifically has been displaced because of this because she's had to run to be a representative of a completely different district that she hasn't you know she wouldn't have had to traditionally do as far as mr walker and mr budd i suggest that they find better ways to redistrict the surrounding counties because you're going to have a lot of people that are upset about the fact that when we have new voter id laws that are already complicated for people of color specifically to acquire and then you have this redistricting redistricting that effectively sort of dilutes their vote which means you're not absolutely representing us you mentioned at the top that your career goal is to be a lawyer um where do you see that taking you um in everything that you've done those thus far going into your you know your final year uh at anti what where do you see that the work that you've done in greensboro will launch you uh politically and professionally um i've always had an interest in civil rights and constitutional law so that's definitely going to be my concentration so hopefully y'all will see me in a few years as a federal court judge that's definitely the end goal that all me are owning my own law firm one day and just kind of putting out more progressive thinking black lawyers and people of color all around so that things like this can immediately be challenged


Hello everyone, welcome back to another session on dentistry and more. So last session we had seen thyroid gland disorders in physiology. So topic for today is pituitary gland disorders. So basically the disorders of any gland could be of two reasons, similarly the pituitary gland also has the hyperactivity problems or hypoactivity. So this hyperactivity is the over functioning and hypoactivity is the under functioning of pituitary gland which both creates problem. Moving on we have the list of disorders of pituitary gland. We can classify it as anti-repituitary, post-repituitary and the hyperactivity problems and the hypoactivity. In anti-repituitary the hyperactivity causes gigantism, acromegaly, then the Cushing's disease whereas the hypoactivity the dwarfism and Siemens disease. But as a post-repituitary we have the hyperactivity which causes syndrome of inappropriate hypersecretion of ADH that is anti-diuretic hormone and the hypoactivity causes diabetes, insipidus. So we'll learn one by one. First we have the gigantism, the gigantism is caused by the anterior pituitary hypersecretion in gigantism we have the basic causes of gigantism it could be the hypersecretion of growth hormone in childhood or in pre-adult time or it can be due to a tumor of acidophilic cells of anterior pituitary. So basic signs and symptoms are 7 to 8 feet height, hyperglycemia develops glycosuria then there will be pituitary, diabetes mellitus and headache due to the tumor of pituitary which will disturbances and this gigantism ends in hypo pituitary that is a burning of cells of anterior pituitary. Now next we have the hypersecretion condition that is acromegaly, acromegaly it is the anterior pituitary disorder which is characterized by enlargement, thickening and broadening of the bonds particularly the extremities of the body. So the causes could be again the hypersecretion of growth hormone or it could be due to a tumor which is present in the anterior pituitary. So what are the signs and symptoms? So signs are like the protrusion of face they are the striking features just the supra orbital ridges are protruded then there will be broadening of nose, thickening of lips, thickening and wrinkles formation on forward there will be protruded lovage which is prognathism and ultimately it leads to an appearance which is known as gorilla face and there will be kyphosis which is an enlargement of hands and feet with bowing spine and scalp is thickened and drawn into folds there will be overgrowth of body hair, visceral organs are enlarged and thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands show hyperactivity, hyperglycemia and glucosuria and hypertension, headache and there will be visual disturbance. Now we have the third one that is Cushing's disease. Cushing's disease is another form but it is very rare it is resulting in obesity cause is like hypersecretion of glucocorticoids mainly the cortisol but it can be a pituitary origin or adrenal origin if it is pituitary origin which is known as pituitary sorry the Cushing's disease whereas the adrenal gland origin known as the Cushing's syndrome you might have heard Cushing's syndrome both are different this Cushing's disease by the pituitary gland hypersecretion or hyperfunctioning Cushing's syndrome is by the adrenal gland which is the small gland which is present above the kidneys okay so what are the problems associated with Cushing's disease so it is there is increased secretion of ACTH adenocorticotropic hormone which leads to hyperplasia of adrenal cortex then there will be hypersecretion of glucocorticoids so this ACTH is increased by either by tumor in pituitary cells that is a basophilic cells or the malignant tumor of non endocrine origin like cancer of links or abdominal viscera then the signs and symptoms of this Cushing's disease the one thing is disproportionate distribution of body fat which results in moon phase moon phase that is a fat accumulation and retention of water and salt then there will be a fat accumulation in chest and abdomen but with slim legs and arms and there will be buffalo hump that is fat deposition on the back of neck and shoulder then there will be port belly that is the fat accumulation in upper abdomen is a characteristic feature of Cushing's disease moon phase buffalo hump and port belly then there will be purple striped it is very striking one purple striped as you see the picture here there will be reddish purple stripes on the abdomen due to mainly three reasons one is a stretching of abdominal wall by excess subcutaneous fat or it could be due to the retro sub dermal tissues due to the stretching or the deficiency of collagen fibers due to protein depletion other features are thinning of extremities thinning of skin and subcutaneous tissues darkening of skin on neck which is known as acontosis then the pigmentation of skin then facial redness which is known as facial plethora and weakening of muscle then facial hair growth which is known as esotericism which is the facial hair growth then bone resorption which leads to osteoporosis then hyperglycemia due to gluconeogenesis which leads to adrenal diabetes and glycosuria there will be hypertension then poor healing immunosuppression which so that was all about hyperactivity now let's learn what are the problems with hypoactivity of pituitary gland in hypoactivity the first one is dwarfism so dwarfism is pituitary disorder in children characterized by standard growth so the cause of dwarfism could be the reduction in the growth hormone in infancy or early childhood or it could be due to the deficiency of growth hormone releasing growth hormone releasing hormone from the hypothalamus or the deficiency of stomata or median or atrophy of acedophilic cells or tumors of the pituitary gland all those can leads to this dwarfism condition the signs and symptoms are standard skeletal growth the maximum height approximately will be three feet compared to the five or six feet head becomes slightly larger in relation to the body mental activity is normal without any deformity the reproductive system is not affected due to the lack of growth hormone so that dwarfism is basically a genetical disorder or also known as sensitivity insensitivity of growth hormone so that was about the dwarfism now we have the simons disease simons disease we have many other disease but we are focusing mainly on the popular one so the simons disease it's a very rare pituitary disease also called as cataxia cataxia and it is developing a senile decay that is senile decay is due to the deficiency of hormone from target glands of anterior pituitary that is the thyroid adrenal cortex and the gonads loss of hair and loss of teeth the skin of face becomes dry and wrinkled it's very common sign and simons disease so that was all about the hyperactivity we have one more condition that is the acro this is the first one then second one and the third one is acromycra acromycra which is a condition where the adults they are characterized by the atrophy of the extremities of the body it is by the deficiency of growth hormone releasing hormone and this is related to the hyposecretion of hyposecretion of adrenal cortical hormone or there will be loss of sexual function and person becomes lethargic and obese so these are common pituitary gland disorders that is hypoactivity hyperactivity we have studied the gigantism cushing's disease whereas hyperactivity is the dwarfism so dwarfism and sorry we have gigantism that is a hyposecretion this is dwarfism just hyposecretion then we have the cushing's disease we have we have the simons simons disease or the acromegaly so posterior pituitary problem with hyposecretion is SIADH which is a syndrome of inappropriate hyposecretion of anti diuretic hormone which is the disease characterized by loss of sodium loss of sodium through urine due to the hyposecretion of ADH it could be due to a tumor or any other problem associated with uh length or length cancer so some symptoms like loss of appetite weight loss nausea vomiting headache muscle weakness fatigue restlessness and irritability now the most common one that is associated with posterior lobe of pituitary gland that is diabetes insipidus which is characterized by excess excretion of water through urine so it could be due to a lesion or injury of this hypothalamus or atrophy of posterior pituitary the most common sign science and symptom is polyuria that is daily output will be 4 to 12 liters so this excretion of large quantity of diluted urine with increased frequency of void and due to this absence of ADH the epithelial cells of this distal convoluted tubular is a part of uh nephron and the collecting duct of kidney becomes impermeable to water so water will be completely lost and polydipsia so that is another one polydipsia that is the intake of excess water because of polyuria there will be definitely thirst so it results in intake of large quantity of water so water is not getting absorbed to the body because this DCT that is the distal convoluted tubular and the collecting duct in the kidney becomes impermeable to water then after that there will be dehydration dehydration in some cases the thirst center and hypothalamus is also affected by the lesion so that was about uh posterior pituitary gland problems that is SIADH and diabetes insipidus so we completed pituitary gland disorders in brief it was not a very detailed session but it was quite enough to get you marks in your university paper physiology paper so the kushing's disease acromegaly jaja and sm uh the semen's disease or diabetes insipidus dwarfism all are very important might be asked as a short note or short essay and this pituitary gland disorders might be asked as a main essay so i'll come up with a newer topic in the industry and more thank you


I first saw Mr. Ganesh Chandra Shasmal, a 56-year-old gentleman who hails from West Bengal about a month black in my outpatient clinic. He complained of persistent pain in the right hip and inability to walk for the past 10 months or so. To give you a brief history, he had an injury to his right hip after sustaining a fall about a year back. He was advised that the ball of his hip joint had fractured and would need a hip joint replacement surgery. So this surgery was carried out but soon he found after 3 weeks after the surgery that his hip joint had become infected. So that means that he again had to go on to the knife and he had to do what is called a redo surgery. So that indeed was done at the same hospital where they took out the implant and put a temporary spacer inside. He was also told that the definitive surgery would be done after his infection was cleared. After that he underwent subsequently 2 more surgeries but they could not do the definitive procedure after that. This is when he consented me because he wanted to get mobile and back to his feet because he has not walked for more than a year now. We did x-rays and blood tests to see what his present condition was. His leg was shot by about an inch and a half. His x-ray showed that the whole half of the upper thigh bone was totally laced and dissolved due to infection. Luckily he did not have any infection that means that we could do the revision or redo procedure. We told him that it would be an extensive surgery. The surgery went well as planned. The whole half of the upper half of the thigh was damaged so we had to do an extensive procedure what we called as a proximal femur replacement where half of his thigh had to be replaced. On the socket side it was again a challenge because of not him being able to walk his muscles. We had to do a special type of cup what we called as the dual mobility cup which we used to prevent any dislocation. The surgery went well and he was able to walk immediately the next day after surgery. He is now almost 3 weeks down the line and he is able to walk comfortably with the walker. These kind of surgeries which we call as revision or redo replacements either the hip or the knee are usually done when the primary joint replacement fails. In these cases we need to treat the infection for a bit of 6 weeks up to 3 months and then do the revision or redo joint replacement procedure. After this the patient is expected to do well. This kind of revision joint replacement procedure are a huge challenge. It requires a multi-disciplinary setup team which needs surgeons, physios, nurses and rehab team to work in sync and we at Manipal have a dedicated team to carry out these kind of complex joint replacement and revision procedures. Thank you.


This is Earth Radio, and now here's Human Music. What is up, you guys? Welcome back to another one. If you are new to the channel, I am Gold Pony. And today, we are in the new 2020 Toyota Camry, courtesy of Hanover Toyota in Hanover PA. And so there actually has been some pretty substantial changes for the 2020 Camry. And I, of course, am excited to bring them to you guys today. So as always, let's start with pricing. And so let me start by saying there are more trim levels on the Camry than any other car I have ever reviewed. And I've reviewed around 400 of them at this point. First trim level is the L, starting at $24,295. LE for 24840, XLE for 29325, SE for $26,040, SE Night Shade Edition. You can imagine that is the all-black edition of the Camry. That one is going to start at $26,740. XSE for $29,875. TRD, which is the sportier trim level, of course, of the Camry. That one starts at $31,040. Then you have the XLE V6 for $34,450. XSE V6 for $35,000 even. And then you have three hybrid trim levels. That's going to be the Hybrid LE for $28,250. Hybrid SE for $29,950. And Hybrid XLE for $32,550. So quite a bit of trim levels for the 2020 Camry. But so then when it comes to the power plant of the Camry, it does get a little simpler there. First engine setup is going to be the 2.5 liter naturally aspirated inline four cylinder. And that's going to be included on any of the trim levels that do not have a V6 attached to them or hybrid. But that one puts out anywhere from 203 to 206 horsepower at 6,600 RPM, 184 pound feet of torque available at 5,000 RPM, sent to the front wheels through an eight speed automatic, giving you MPGs at an impressive 29 to the city 41 on the highway. That is actually better than most sub-compact and compact cars out there. And considering the size of the Camry, that is honestly insanely impressive. But so then you have the 3.5 liter naturally aspirated V6. This particular engine setup is going to be included on the V6 trims, of course, as well as the TRD trim level. But so with this one, power comes in at 301 horsepower at 6,600 RPM, 267 pound feet of torque available at 4,400 RPM, once again, sent to the front wheels through an eight speed automatic, giving you MPG numbers at 22 in the city, 33 on the highway there. And so lastly, I did not want to leave out the hybrids. There is a 2.5 liter hybrid four cylinder engine, 176 horsepower at 5,700 RPM, 163 pound feet of torque at 5,200 RPM, sent to the front wheels, this time through a CVT. So the hybrid actually does not use the eight speed, but rather a CVT transmission, giving you MPG numbers at 44 in the city, 47 highway for the XLE and SE, and actually 51 city, 53 highway for the LE. So a little bit different depending on the trim level of that hybrid. And I did want to also mention those hybrid trim levels actually add some drive modes, including eco, normal, sport, and EV, which adjusts things like the shift points, the throttle response, and actually the climate control as well. And it should also mention you do also get drive modes for the XSE, XLE, and TRD trim levels. Kind of the same setup, eco, normal, and sport adjusting the throttle response shift points, all that fun stuff. But anyway, now that I've mentioned all of those power plants, let's go ahead and do an acceleration here in the 2020 Camry. And let's see how quickly we can get this one here up to speed. OK, it's pulling. Honestly, not too bad at all. Certainly no issues with merging onto the highway. By the way, I do have the four-cylinder setup today. But still, even with the four-cylinder, it's over 200 horsepower. So definitely not going to have any issues of merging onto the highway. It actually is a pretty decent acceleration there. Considering the miles per gallon you get with it, definitely a good setup for the Camry. Anyways, to go along with that acceleration, as always, braking is equally important. And so upfront, you will have 12 inch ventilated front discs, and in the back, 11 inch solid rear discs. And this is essentially going to be standard on all trim levels, but the TRD trim level. That is the only trim level that is actually going to up-size the brakes, giving you 12.9 inch ventilated front discs with dual piston front calipers and the same size rear setup. But the front-size routers are upgraded. Also with that TRD trim level, that is going to add red painted front and rear calipers as well. A little sportier of an appearance there. Overall, though, as far as the braking feel goes, I have had absolutely no issues in my short test drive today in this Camry. So it certainly brings you to quite a nice stop. No brake pedal delay or anything like that. That's always a good thing. Touching on suspension and handling a little bit. Up front, you're going to get a McPherson strut front suspension with the stabilizer bar. In the back, a multi-link rear suspension, again, with the stabilizer bar. And once again, with that TRD trim level, that is going to add track-tuned front and rear coil springs as well. So a little stiffer handling for heavy cornering. So that's always fun, right? But anyhow, as far as ride quality goes, it's soaking up Pennsylvania's road imperfections pretty nicely. I'm going through some pretty bad roads right now, quite honestly. But there we go. Now we got some better roads. But yeah, definitely no issues with the ride quality. It's just fine. Steering feel is good as well. Not the heaviest feel in the world, but it is a Camry. So it is pretty much as expected there. When it comes to cabin noise, again, it's pretty much as expected. Definitely no issues there either. And touching on visibility, I can see perfectly fine out the back. Definitely excellent visibility with the Camry. And as I also mentioned, there is a head-up display that is going to come standard for the V6 trim levels. Actually, do happen to have that today. It is giving me a compass on the left and my speed on the right. So that is, of course, going to help you better keep your eyes on the road, enjoy the drive a little bit more. So that's always a good thing in my books. But that is about it for the driving dynamics of the Camry. Let's now move on to the exterior as well as I'm going to be mentioning some of the new things about this new 2020 Toyota Camry. All right, so making our way to the 2020 Camry, that front fascia is actually going to differ slightly amongst the trim levels. For example, the L trims are going to come with more conservative styling up front, as trims are going to have a little more aggressive styling, including more black accents. Of course, that's what you're looking at right now since we do have the XS-E trim level today, but any trim with an L in it are going to replace those black accents with body-colored accents, essentially. And I did want to also mention, if you went with that TRD trim level, you will get some red trim details as well. But to the sides there, LED headlights will come standard on every single trim level, along with the automatic feature, meaning when it starts to get dark out, those headlights will turn on automatically for you there. That's always nice. LED daytime running lights are going to come standard as well, and you will find black housings for the headlights if you were to go with the TRD trim level. Otherwise, you get clear housings, which of course is what you're looking at right now. But now let's go ahead and make our way to the side on this one. Chrome window surrounds are going to come standard for all trim levels, but the TRD and the nightshade trim level, of course, with the nightshade being more of the black accent package that is going to replace those chrome trim accents around the windows with black, of course, as expected. Taking a look at the side mirrors, they will come power adjustable side mirrors standard for all trim levels. They will be heated with integrated turn signals if you were to go with the XLE or XSE trim levels. And I did want to mention looking down a little bit, side skirts are going to also differ amongst the trim levels. Again, we're looking at the XSE right now. That is what those look like. But if you went with the TRD trim level, you will find some red accents along with a little more aggressive look to them as far as the side skirts go. And I do like the lines on the side of the Camry as well. There is a line that goes straight through the doors all the way to the fuel tank back there. Definitely looks good. But now let's go ahead and take a look down at the wheel setup because once again, they are going to differ pretty substantially amongst the trim levels. 16 inch steel wheels with covers you're going to find with the L trim level, 17 inch alloy wheels with the LE, 18 inch alloy wheels with the XLE or XLE V6 or the SE and 19 inch alloy wheels for the XSE or TRD trim levels. But to that about rounds out the side, let's make our way to the back. We're a decklid spoiler going to come standard on the SE trim levels. And since we do have the XSE, that is of course what you're looking at right now. There's going to actually be a performance rear spoiler if you were to go with the TRD trim level as well. So it's not going to be sitting on the trunk. It's going to be raised up a little bit. So more aggressive there. Once again, L trim levels of course will have a spoiler delete, meaning there is no spoiler whatsoever. And looking at the tail lights there actually going to be LED tail lights for every single trim level. And I do happen to like the design of these back here as well. Also trim level badging can be found on the right side in the back there. And when it comes to the exhaust, you will find a single exhaust outlet with the L, LE and XLE trim levels. Dual tips with the SE and then you will actually get dual exhaust outlets with the TRD and XLE V6. And perhaps the best looking exhaust setup can be found on our XS E trim level that we have today. Dual exhaust outlets with quad chrome tips. So you guys know what we have to do next. As always, here is that exhaust clip. It's open now since we all round back. When it comes to opening that rear trunk there actually is a button on the key fob. So you can simply just use that if you like. However, there is also a rubberized button on that rear trunk as well. So feel free to use either way. But once opened up, cargo capacity is gonna come in at 14.1 cubic feet for the L trim level. And actually every other trim level is gonna give you 15.1 cubic feet, interestingly enough. Didn't want to mention there are some grocery hooks in that rear trunk as well as a 60-40 split. Meaning there's rear seats do fold down and that is by the way for the LE trim level and not, but meaning the rear seats do fold down for quite a bit of extra space if you needed it there. But then making our way to the rear leg room that is gonna come in an even 38 inches. So for reference, I mean even six feet tall. This is how much space I had back there. And for the LE trim level and up there's rear passengers will also find a rear center armrest with cup holders. There is gonna be rear ventilation for the XLE and XSE trim levels as well. And overall testing those rear seats out I did find them quite comfortable. So certainly new issues there. Making our way to the front seats you're gonna find cloth seating for the L and LE, soft techs upholstery for the SE and TRD trim levels. And if you wanted leather seating go with the XLE or XSE trim level. So of course that is what you're looking at right now. By the way, there's front seats that we have today. They are heated and ventilated as well. So that was pretty cool. Did happen to like the ventilated seats although it's kind of cold out today. So the heated seats are on but still pretty cold that they have both. But let's go ahead and take a look at the steering wheel. It is tilt and telescoping. It is a three spoke steering wheel and it will come leather wrapped for all trim levels but the L and LE trim level. And I did what I also mentioned there is a heated steering wheel that is available as an option. It doesn't come standard but it is available for you for those super cold days in Pennsylvania like this morning for instance. But then when it comes to the startup let me first start by showing you guys key here. You do have your Toyota logo on the one side and actually this is Camry right below the Toyota logo as well. So it is a Camry specific key. That's pretty cool. Anyways, when you flip it over lock, unlock and you get that button to pop the rear hatch. And I did what I mentioned there is actually a push button start for the X, L, E, X, S, E and TRD trim levels. So therefore that is what we have today that is located just by the driver's right knee. So all I'm going to do is simply put my phone of the break and press that engine start button there. And so but then once started up tachometers on your left speedometers on your right there is a digital display front and center to control what is on that digital display there are steering wheel mounting controls on the left side there and that's gonna give you a ton of different things like how many miles you have left until you hit empty. There's a compass. There's audio information, safety information when you need your next oil change basically a ton of different things you could check out there if you wanted to. But now let's make our way to overall interior quality. Panoramic glass moonroof is gonna come standard on the V6 trims. And although we don't have a V6 trim level it is optional on some of the other trim levels with the exception of the TRD. That is one trim released. I know that this panoramic glass moonroof is not available for but interestingly enough but we do happen to have it today and it goes all the way into the rear seats. Everybody gets a view of the sky so I'm definitely a fan of it personally. Wireless phone charger is gonna come with the XLE and XSE trim levels. That is just in front of the shifter there. And overall I absolutely love the design of the interior and I say the design because one of my favorite parts there is some dark aluminum trim that kind of starts just to the right of the cup holders and it kind of makes an S shape around the tech display all the way up to the center air vents. So that is one of the coolest design features of my opinion and there's also a carbon fiber look just above the glove box there. There is red leather with some contrast stitching on that red leather once again above the glove box and I do like the two toned interior that we have today. I absolutely love the red leather interior as well and that perhaps is just me, I love different and there are also homelink controls up to three different garage doors found on the rear view mirror there.  Again, dual cup holders, the driving mode buttons are located just behind the shifter if I didn't mention that already. There is an electronic parking brake as well and just behind the cup holders you're gonna find those heated and ventilated seat buttons and just behind that there is an insanely deep center armrest cubby area at least for a sedan. Usually you find these deep cargo areas and SUVs but not this deep in a sedan. So that is pretty cool, a ton of storage there and there's actually two USB charging ports right there as well within that area. So that is pretty cool too. So overall interior quality when it comes to Lexus and Toyota they always get it right in my opinion. So I have course I'm definitely a fan there. Let's make our way to the tech display. This is one of the major changes for the 2020 Camry. Get ready, seven inch color touchscreen display will come standard Bluetooth and audio streaming will come standard with that. Apple CarPlay and Android Auto is now standard on the 2020 Toyota Camry. Well done Toyota for having Android Auto now, a big fan of that. Factory navigation system is gonna be optional on the Camry, we do happen to have it today though. And of course you can check out your radio settings up there and by the way when it comes to the sound system six speakers will come standard on all trim levels but the V6 trims that is gonna give you a nine speaker JBL audio system with a subwoofer that is an optional for some of the four cylinder trims like we have today. And we do have that optional nine speaker JBL sound system. So what do you say? Let's go ahead and turn on Sirius XM here and let's test out the clarity of this one. Oh, she's making it. Not sure about the song quite honestly but dang there is a ton of bass and like I did mention there is a subwoofer but bass is very well done and this Toyota Camry clarity is pretty good as well but the bass is really what impressed me on this one but last thing I wanted to mention on that tech display is when you do put the Toyota Camry in reverse you will have a rear view camera for every single trim level letting you know who or what is behind you which is always is going to lead us into safety. It's the first thing on safety I wanted to mention is the Toyota Camry is an IIHS top safety pick plus and that is the very highest rating IHS gives out so well done Camry it doesn't get any better than that front side, inside curtain airbags will come standard as well as driver and passenger knee airbag that definitely doesn't come standard on all manufacturers out there. In the back you're going to have latch AKA lower anchors and tethers for children for the rear car seats. Also back there rear child door locks there's a tire pressure monitoring system but also here's where it gets good. Toyota Safety Sense is going to come standard for all trim levels. What that includes is a pre-collision system with pedestrian detection, lane departure alert with steering assist, automatic high beams and dynamic radar cruise control. And that is where the car breaks and accelerates based on the speed of the car in front of you when you're on the highway. That is pretty cool it's very convenient. Didn't want to also mention XLE and XSE trim levels will also add to that a blind spot monitoring system with rear cross-tropical look. And so that is about it for this one you guys. Thank you so much for watching. Feel free to follow me on social media at the bottom of the screen there. Be sure to hit the subscribe and the bell notification button if you're into new car reviews that is what we do here on this channel after all. Do appreciate you guys watching more than you know and I will see you guys in the next video. Stay Gold.