1. Jeremy Balfour To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update on what flexibility will be afforded to the installation of interlinked fire alarms in light of recent reports about the available funding for low-income households. Flexibility is built into the existing legislation through a provision setting out that work should be done within such period, as is reasonable in all of the circumstances. That allows flexibility for homeowners who are unable to install alarms by 1 February 2022. Homeowners are generally responsible for paying for works to protect their property. However, in recognition that some may not be able to meet the cost of fitting the necessary alarms, we have provided additional funding of £500,000 to Care and Repair Scotland to help older and disabled people. That was in addition to the £1 million funding to the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service for their home fire safety visit programme to install alarms for those owner occupiers who are assessed as being at the highest risk from fire. Furthermore, our £15 million loan funding to social landlords has enabled them to fit compliant alarms to the new standard by next year. I thank the cabinet secretary for her answer, but I wonder if she can define what is a reasonable period and what is the cut-off date when the law will be enforced so that people can have certainty when this work needs to be done rather than just some kind of vague reasonable time. A reasonable period is something that is quite often used within legislation, so it is not defined as a certain number of weeks or months. It just means a reasonable period of time for someone to get the system installed. We understand that there have been supply issues around the fire alarm system, so we recognise that. That is why we are prepared to give people that reasonable period in order that they can have a bit of breathing space, should they be finding it difficult to get their hands on the device or indeed get it fitted. As I have set out in my initial answer, there is support available to those who require assistance in order to do that. I put the cabinet secretary on this. There will always be issues around house insurance if those alarms are not fitted at the appropriate time. What conversations had the cabinet secretary had with house insurance in regard to whether that policy will be valid or not, and at what point will he decide that the date has become reasonable or not? There must be at some point a date fixed by the Government, or will he simply not learn to make that decision? I say to Jeremy Balfour that we have not said in any way that this should be taken into account by insurance companies. Insurance policies are a matter between the insurance company and those holding the insurance policy, but we have never specified or said that that should be included in it. As I said in my original answer, the legislation provides the flexibility for work to be completed within a reasonable period taking into account individual circumstances. I think that that is a reasonable position. At the end of the day, that is about getting the message across to people that we want them to install these devices because it improves fire safety within their homes. Of course, that has originated out of the Grenfell tragedy, so it is important that we all give a message to home owners that this is an important thing that they should do as quickly as possible. I absolutely accept the necessity of people being safe. However, with the current pressures of omnicron, which is very distracting for people just now quite rightly, and the rising cost of energy, I welcome flexibility in the deadline. I hope that the cabinet secretary will take into account those other pressures on households just now, quite apart from obtaining the devices and having them installed. Christine Grahame makes a reasonable point. People are, understandably, concerned about having the necessary alarms fitted by the deadline of 1 February. I understand the current challenges with living costs and Covid, as the member pointed out. That is why I want to emphasise that the legislation provides flexibility. Careful consideration is needed to balance the risks associated with even further delays of the legislation, which I am not keen on. At the end of the day, that is about improving fire safety. One death from a fire in Scotland's homes is one too many, so it is important that we give a message that people should prioritise making this investment. Of course, we have the support that is available for people who will struggle with that. The cabinet secretary has alluded to this, but colleagues in local government have told me that deliveries of orders of the interlinked alarms are being delayed, and that is in part due to the global semiconductor shortage, but also because of the disruption in trade due to the pandemic. In short, there is not enough to go around. What can the cabinet secretary say about what flexibility there is? He has spoken about a reasonable allowance, but people are worried about breaking the law after 1 February. What more consideration is the cabinet secretary given to a fixed-day delay to the introduction of the legislation? I am aware that some manufacturers are facing supply issues, particularly with imported components. Some manufacturers have stock availability, and specialist retailers are able to meet demand subject to logistical challenges. My officials are in discussion with manufacturers to establish when supply issues are likely to be resolved more generally, but that is why, as I have said in the previous two answers, we are giving that level of flexibility. It is important that people get these devices installed as quickly as they can because it improves the safety of them and others in the home, but we recognise because of the challenges that people need a bit of flexibility, and that is why we are giving that reasonable timeframe for people to comply with the law. To ask the Scottish Government what action it will take in response to the British Academy of Audiology report on NHS Lothian's paediatric audiology services, which was requested by NHS Lothian following a review by the Scottish Public Services on Brisbane. Last week, I made clear my views of the unacceptable failures that were highlighted by the British Academy of Audiology report into the provision of paediatric audiology in NHS Lothian. Our priority is to restore and rebuild confidence and ensure support is provided to those affected by the situation in Lothian and to ensure that that is not repeated for any other family. In response to those on-going issues, NHS Lothian has been escalated to stage 3 of the NHS board performance escalation framework for paediatric audiology performance and service delivery. Yesterday, I met again with the board leadership team, and we will work in partnership with the board to develop a formal recovery plan. We agree with the BEA's recommendation to share that report more widely for greater learning in Scotland and across the UK. It is necessary to have a response to the findings and the concerns raised to assure children and their families across Scotland that their child is getting the best possible audiology care. For all those reasons, I will be writing to health boards to seek assurance on quality of care. Fiona Hyslop. Six children could and should have received cochlear implantation surgery, but were missed in assessment and missed out on life-changing surgery. That was set up by NHS Lothian in a briefing that I attended on Friday. Why should it have taken concerns being taken all the way to the Scottish public services ombudsman for the failure of service to be identified? What can the cabinet secretary do to ensure that health boards take concerns seriously to assess if there are underlying systemic issues that need to be addressed so that problems years in the making, such as that, are identified promptly? If Fiona Hyslop is absolutely right to ask that question with the strength of feeling that she does, she asked me, if I got the phrasing of her question right, why should it have taken this complaint to have surfaced those issues? It should not have taken that complaint to have surfaced those issues. That is fundamentally the issue that the BAE brought forward in the report. There was a number of failures that, frankly, the BAE and the report brought to the attention of the health board. One of the most disturbing ones that I thought was, in some instances, how dismissive of concerns and complaints those involved in that department were when parents came asking concerns about their own children. In relation to what will be done next, as I said, there will be a formal recovery plan. It will look at the very issue that Fiona Hyslop raises and all the issues that are raised by the various different reviews, including the BAE review. One of the concerns about how the service had been operating was that it was not a regulated statutory service and all training was in-house, which entrenched inadequate observational assessments for young children. What can be done to ensure that this is not happening elsewhere in the health service? Will the cabinet secretary action the call on this from the death society and other recommendations that she is making? Finally, and most importantly, what support and assurances have been given to the children and families that are affected and how can trust in the service be restored? There are three questions that I will try to answer quickly. I am meeting with the BAE and the National Deaf Children's Society, an organisation that I have known for many years. I am meeting with them later this week. I have seen their recommendations that they have made and will consider them with an absolutely open mind. I have already asked Lothian in terms of assurance if certain flankery-led flags were missed in the paediatric audiology department. How can they give me assurance that similar issues and complaints are being flagged in other departments? How are they being surfaced? I have also asked all health boards, and I will ask them formally, but I have asked them informally to look at their own paediatric audiology departments to ensure that those same issues are not present there. In terms of the point that Fiona Hyslop raises about regulations, it is a very good one. I am having discussions with the UK Government about reform of professional healthcare regulations at the moment. Even before that report, I was in favour of looking at regulations for audiologists. That report has strengthened that feeling. The shocking review reveals the completely inadequate level of care given to youngsters with hearing difficulties in NHS Lothian. Many of the families deserve an explanation of how the scandal could happen. Sadly, those critical failings have a life-long and significant impact on young people and their families. I am pleased that NHS Lothian has accepted all the recommendations from the audiology report, but I am concerned that that could happen elsewhere. The National Deaf Children's Society is calling for an independent review of children's audiology services across Scotland, which is more than what the cabinet secretary has stated that he is going to do today. There is a real danger of many more deaf children not getting the quality of care unless this review is carried out across all of our services across Scotland. When will such a review take place and when? To Robert, that raises a number of important points. I should have said that I admitted to say my answer to Fiona Hyslop that the NHS Lothian did issue letters to the affected families last week and that measures are in place to identify any young child whose case may require further clinical review. I have asked NHS Lothian to keep close to those families that have been affected. On the broader point, I will meet the National Deaf Children's Society later this week. I would like health boards to look at their own paediatric audiology departments thoroughly examine and explore if any of the issues that are raised by the BA report are present in their health boards. If I find that any of those issues are more widespread, any suggestion that they are more widespread than an independent review might be the appropriate thing to do. I would not rush into that before I let the health boards through the work that they will do, but it will be done at pace. Ms Webber is absolutely right to raise the concern that this could be more widespread than just NHS Lothian, but that is what I am exploring and examining. I am happy to give all members that have expressed an interest in this an update when that review is complete. I associate myself with the tenor and remarks from Fiona Hyslop, because I attended the briefing on Friday. I also ask further, in terms of the welcome points from the cabinet secretary, that this clearly goes beyond just the technical application of a test. There are clearly fundamental problems with the culture in this unit, as identified in section 4 of the audit report. What is going to be done to tackle that culture? Secondly, on the red flags, does he think that he needs to go further than simply ask that question and do other areas of practice not subject to statutory regulation need to be examined more fully? Finally, can I ask those children, who have had life-altering consequences from the failure, will the Government examine putting together a compensation process so that those families do not have to go to court to get the support and financial support that they need for their children and their on-going needs through the rest of their lives? I thank Daniel Johnson for the questions and the manner in which he asked them. On the culture, I will say two things. One, HR processes that NHS Lothian is taking forward. I would not comment on them and he would not expect me to comment on those individual HR processes, but he is also right to say that the BAA and its recommendations recommend changes in culture and practice. NHS Lothian has had no hesitation in accepting those, but I will stress the points that he makes about culture when I meet with NHS Lothian next, which is very regularly. On the points on regulation, I do not disagree with him. As I said to Fiona Hyslop, I am in discussions at the moment around what healthcare services specialists should be regulated that are not and how the regulation can be perhaps more streamlined. Those discussions are on-going. Again, if he has particular concerns about a particular specialism, he can furnish me details with that, and I am happy to have those conversations. On compensation, I will look at what Daniel Johnson has to say. There are processes whereby individuals can seek compensation from NHS health boards if they feel that there has been negligence. He is right that we would want that to be a lengthy process if there is fault. Again, that would be a matter between the health board and the families, but I will take on board what Daniel Johnson has said and give it some further consideration. Thank you. That concludes topical questions. There will be a very brief pause before the next item of business.


Hi everybody, I'm Jen with opensource.com and I have a brand new top five articles of the week for you for today, January 13th. At number five, using Clang Format to ensure clean, consistent code. This article touts the merits of clean and consistent code saying that it makes the code base easier to read, reduces non-functional changes to fix inconsistent style, and outlines expectations for code submissions. In this article, learn how to use Clang Format. At number four, three to-do list managers for the Linux command line. Scott Nesbitt reviews iCog, to-do list, and Yocati. At number three, how to get started as an open source programmer. Seth Kenlon dives into the world of open source programming, giving readers a primer on what it takes to get started punctuated with some excellent tips. Although this article is aimed at beginners, those still fairly new to open source will find it helpful. At number two, improve your programming skills with Exorcism. Exorcism is an open source project to help people level up in their programming skills with exercises for dozens of different programming languages. And finally, at number one, troubleshooting tips for the five most common Linux issues. Jeremy Garcia of LinuxQuestions.org summarizes the most common technical issues people ran into in 2016. That's it for the top five. Thanks for joining me, and I'll see you next time.


Hey everybody this is Brett and today I am extremely excited to show you our very first 2023 Jeep Wrangler that we've gotten on our lot. Now this is also a Sahara Unlimited 4xE so it's really a unique piece as well plus it's in black. Probably one of the best looking Wranglers that I think is on the market right now and this would definitely be the one that I would get if I was going to get myself another Wrangler. This one has the 2.0-liter turbocharged 4-cylinder engine, puts out 375 horsepower, 470 foot-pounds of torque when combined with that hybrid, the hybrid motors in this one. It's going to get you 49 miles per gallon equivalent and if you're just going to run the gas engine it's going to get you 20 miles per gallon and if you're going to just run it on electric you have 21 miles of driving range. So combined it gives you a 370 mile distance of driving range as well. So very, very good on fuel and this would be my choice and I'll tell you all about that why it's going to be my choice and this is a 2023 and you might ask Brett what's new for 2023? Not much. I know they've added two colors for 2023 and one is rain, R-E-I-G-N, purple, I think that's how it's spelled, it's a purple color, it's called rain and then there's also a kind of blueish-grey color called earl so I think that's kind of like earl gray and other than that that's really the only thing that's new for the 2023 Wrangler but I'm going to go all the way around on this particular one and show you the window sticker so you can get an idea on pricing and everything and I'll tell you exactly why I think that this would be the Wrangler I would get. First off it has the right lighting group, if you're going to get a Wrangler I highly suggest getting the LED lighting group, this one does have the LED headlamps, the running lights and the fog lights, you also get the LED running lights in the fenders, being a Sahara you get these silver inserts on the grille as well as the headlight bezels and around the fog lights there and of course you get the blue tow hooks part of the 4xE package. I think the black with the blue accents and the silver accents on this particular Wrangler is the best look of any Wrangler. Let me know in the comments below what you think, I think it's the best looking one that we have ever had on our lot and then it adds to that with the 20 inch black rims and the blue Jeep Wrangler on those rims. On this vehicle standard is Bridgestone Duler HL tires and these are 275, 55R20s, definitely have kind of a highway tread pattern to them. You also get the painted fenders, this one has the painted match hard top, I think that looks really good, I'd always get painted match unless it was a super bright color then black's pretty good for the hard top.  You can take these doors off with a T50 Torx wrench, I actually have a video showing you how to do that if you want to check that out that's in the upper right hand part of screen and linked in the description. Here's the original window sticker, feel free to pause this and take a look at it. I'm not going to go over everything but just the main stuff. So 2023 Wrangler four door Sahara four by E, the two liter dual overhead cam I4 turbo engine eight speed automatic transmission. This one does have the premium leather seats, the McKinley trimmed. Interior options on the left there are your standard so it comes standard with nav, the 8.4, Apple CarPlay, Google Android Auto, Sirius XM, all that good stuff and then the exterior features are your standard features right there. So your optional equipment starts right here, $395 for the black clear coat, the cold weather group which is 1195 gives you the heated seats, remote start, heated steering wheel and leather wrap steering wheel. This one does have the trailer toe and heavy-duty electrical group which is $995, auxiliary switches, 700 amp maintenance, free battery class two receiver hitch and seven and four pin wiring. This one also has the anti-spin rear differential or rear axle, differential axle and it does come with the body color three-piece hard top which is $2,695. The side steps on this one are $95 and your total MSRP is $62,430. If you want to get your summit price with all the rebates and incentives and current offers in the upper right hand part of the screen there's a link to this vehicle as well as in the description of the vehicle below. Warranty coverage is five-year 60 power train so that's your engine and transmission and then you get an eight-year 100,000 mile on the hybrid system and high voltage battery. Three-year 36,000 mile basic bumper to anything standard on the vehicle brakes three-year 36, five-year 60 power train and eight-year 100,000 mile high voltage battery and hybrid system. There's your miles per gallon equivalent and then 20 miles per gallon on just the gasoline engine. There are your fuel economy and greenhouse gas ratings and small gradings and your annual fuel cost is $1,800. But if you were like me and lived only a couple miles away from work you could basically drive this vehicle on electric all the time. When you get home at night plug it in so that's the cool thing about this vehicle. You'd get home plug it in for 12 hours on a 120 volt system and it's going to charge in 12 hours. Now if you got 220 volt it's only 2.4 hours. It does have regenerative braking on this vehicle so it actually will charge your battery a little bit while you're driving. Notice with the LED light group you get the LED tail lamps as well and this one does have the tow package. Now this vehicle is capable of towing up to 3,500 pounds. Even with the hybrid system the Sahara 4xE is capable of towing 3,500 pounds. But you do get the receiver hitch, the seven pin and the four pin wiring right there. Spare tire can get a little bit better look at the tread style on there. You do get the blue tail hook, the LED license plate lights and this 4xE is outlined in blue as well as the EV and blue. Back here you get your case for your front hard top pieces which is pretty nice. This is your charger, this is your bag for your charger. It's really simple to charge these especially if you have one of the charging stations like we have at work here and I can show you how that works in a video in the future. You do get the Alpine premium sound system and you do get some storage underneath here as well as door hinge and roof bolts. Speaking of those roof bolts you get four on each side, three on the bottom, one on top and three on the bottom, one on top. So a total of eight and then you have two quick disconnects. I actually got a video showing you how to take your hard top off. Once again that's in the upper right hand part of screen as well as linked in the description and then there's a spot you can put those as well. Back doors are lighter, there's your jail badge I always show, gives you overall length, wheel base and water forwarding and where it's made. They made these doors a lot lighter so they close a lot easier. The other thing that I like about the Sahara and the painted fenders, they put a 3M rock guard on the front of your rear fenders so if you get rocks coming up it's not going to damage it or hopefully is not as bad. The other cool thing is you get the trail rated badge on here and the Jeep and Wrangler logos they're all outlined in that blue. This is where you charge your hybrid so this is just a cover, plugs right in, very, very easy, tells you what's going on with the charging station or with your charger if it's blinking a certain color and whatnot. So pretty easy, there's nothing really scary about the hybrid system. I would feel very comfortable getting one. You get the Sahara stitched in the backrest. My only complaint about this vehicle is these are not stitched in that blue like the Rubikons are. Get the driver's seat height adjuster, factory floor mats. Here is your basically your hybrid controls. You can put it in hybrid mode so it's running on gas and electric. You can put it in just electric mode or you can put it in basically just gas mode where you're not using the electric motors in here. So it's kind of a cool system. We actually did a demo that's linked in the description as well. Auto headlamps, tilt telescopic steering wheel, power locks, power mirrors. I'm going to show you the back seats real quick. So the main difference between any 4xE and any other non 4xE Wrangler is this right here. So you can see it like normally these seats go down completely flat to the floor there, but this is where your batteries are located for the hybrid system. So these seats only go down so far and you can see they don't go flat with the back. That is really the only difference interior wise between the hybrids and the non-hybrid vehicles or Wranglers I should say. And you lose a little bit of storage space, but I think the fuel savings would definitely make up for that little bit of storage space loss. It has a 115 volt, 150 watt plug-in, two USBs, two USB C's back here as well, and you get child safety locks on the back doors. And yeah, we'll just take a look at the interior real quick. One thing to note on the Sahara, and this is specific to the Sahara, you get the leather wrapped dash with the white stitching there. Looks really good. I think this is my favorite dash of the Wranglers. The sports come in kind of like a mineral gray painted finish and the Rubicon's come in that red finish typically, which I know a lot of people don't like. I like the leather on the Sahara's, I think it looks really good. And it kind of dampens the sound a little bit, in my opinion. Get the heated leather wrapped steering wheel. They haven't changed this steering wheel since 18 when the JL came out. Audio controls, Bluetooth information center controls is still the 8.4. I believe this is still the 4C radio. Yes, this is still the 4C radio. So they've come out with the 5C radio or the 5 Uconnect 5 radio. Now this is not, this is the 8.4C 4C radio. So this is still the old radio in the Wranglers, but I mean there's not a ton of difference between the Uconnect 5 and the 4C. The 5 is a little bit faster, pretty much the same capabilities and stuff that you can do with both radios. You do get the HD backup camera on the Wranglers now with the JL.  Get dual climate controls there. You also get your AM FM and Sirius. You have all your different settings that you can do. You can do your different apps as projection manager. You can project your cell phone to the screen off-road pages, which are kind of cool. So I'll show you those in just a second. Down here you have more tactile buttons and knobs for volume, climate, and tuning. So you can actually charge your battery, put in more of a regenerative charging, and that'll actually use the brakes a little bit more and the whole vehicle to charge your batteries.  And you can turn that on and off if you really need to charge those batteries. Down here you get USB, USB-C, and AUGS. You get your four upfitter switches, part of that tow package, G8 speed, automatic transmission. The 4x4 shifter here with the 4x4 auto and 4 high part time. And then you get your keyless entry, still my favorite key fob out of any of the Jeeps. Get the flipper key, remote start, it's nice and chunky, and it fits right into your cup holders right there. So I notice everything's leather wrapped in the Sahara, the shift handle, that right there, that's all leather wrapped, including the dash. Hard top pieces come off really easy, SOS and assist buttons, auto dimmy mirror, and home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. So I'm going to turn it on. I don't know if it'll actually start the gas engine. Yep, it did. So you can see instrument clusters, very nice and clean, like the design. Right now we got to plug it in because it's under 1% of battery and that's why it probably started the engine there. So we'll charge this right after the video or tomorrow morning and pop outside here. I'm going to turn on all the lights so you can check out all the LED lights on this rig. Do one more final walk around. Love the tail lamps on here. And I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video. You got a really good idea of the overall looks, styling, and options on this particular Wrangler and learn a little bit about the 2023 Wrangler and the new colors that are coming out. Love those LED lights there. Look really good. And that's, this is the number one option, in my opinion, that you can get on the Wrangler to really, for safety looks, styling, just mainly safety though. Anyways, thanks for checking out the video. I really appreciate it. Remember to like, subscribe, and share. Talk in the comments. Would you like about the video? Would you like about the vehicle? And I'll critique or I'll change all my videos to whatever you guys want. Thanks for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. In fact, any second you see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel, the upper left, a link to more Wrangler videos like this one, the upper right, a link to this vehicle on our website, and the lower left, and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those, check us out. And once again, thanks again for checking out the video. And we're super excited to be offering the 2023 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sahara 4x8 in Black Clear Coat. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


I'm proud to be welcomed back to the Texas Heart Institute profusion conference again this year and want to thank everyone affiliated with the program who extended me that invitation and before I get started with my presentation I want to make certain everyone is aware I have no declarations, no conflicts of interest and no disclosures. The topic that I'm speaking on is the microbial world, essentially dust to dust. I invoke the term dust to dust since it is relevant to the soil microbiologists who were approached in the 1930s through the 50s to develop a antibacterial agent that can treat tuberculosis and they felt like if you wanted to understand the tuberculin bacilli you had to go to where it lived in the soil and they felt like you would better understand the microorganism if you researched it in its world as opposed to in a Petri dish of broth or what have you or attest to. Salman Wachsman was one of the great scientists at Rutgers University who researched the soil bacteria for these various disciplines in science. He invoked the term Ecclesiastes scripture that stated the Lord have created medicines out of the earth and he that is wise will not abhorred them and Salman Wachsman went on to win the Nobel Prize in medicine for the discovery of streptomycin just so you know and he wrote a wonderful book if you haven't read it my life with the microbes it's a fantastic read if you have an interest in the history of the treatment of microorganism. The title of his poem here a speck of dust is at the end of the book there's several verses but I utilize the last verse which reads I am that speck from the beginning of time to the end of time that tiny speck in eons of time that flicker of life that has let left its trace upon the course of life the significance of which in this universe of time it's still to be unraveled and so that sets the tone for the modern pandemic that we're in there's much we don't know and much we still need to know and I feel like this slide represents the mood of the nation today when you look at the devastating reality and our fallen heroes both medical professionals and our fellow citizens and there's no hospital administration no medical staff no first responders that were prepared for what the scene is in the upper left where the streets of Brooklyn right outside the hospital in New York were just congested with ambulances and if you look at the picture on the left sadly 88 nurses that I know of have succumbed to the coronavirus and I think the image on the right where the healthcare providers are now in prayer invoking all the arsenal that they have available to them from the medical treatments and therapeutics to protection to prayer in their battle against this horrible disease 1.7 million today have been infected they're now we're now approaching 100,000 deaths and if you feel sometimes you don't have friends think again you have trillions although you also have trillions that potentially can harm you but our world is dominated by microbes the microbial cells on earth number around a no-nillion outstripping the imagination of our minds and exceeding the estimated stars in the universe they outnumber human cells 10 to 1 and up around 2 pounds of our total weight and if you look at the greater understanding we have today than when I took microbiology bacteriology and all the last science courses they understand the human very own today much better and these images the one on the left is an Impressionist art poster that shows us basically as a walking Petri dish with broth in our body or a test tube carrying all these microorganisms that are both advantageous and disadvantageous to us and we all know they live in in us and on us they live on the skin in the blood and then of course in our respiratory tract and gastrointestinal track and we're learning much more every day of the relevance in cardiac surgery and other health care considerations about the gut and how important it is and related to the brain we have good the bad and the ugly and there's no more impression of a slide than the one on the right the Corona alert with the Corona cells floating in their space their world and the emphasis on PPE and protecting oneself and then the bacteria we have good and bad and we wouldn't have wine cheese or bread to enjoy if it wasn't for the good bacteria and the human microbiome and this slide on the right it reveals numerous species of microorganisms that reside in our bomb in our major organ systems and then on the left you see a slide emphasizing the microorganisms that can be both deleterious and beneficial to the human. We're presently in a state where I feel like we're transitioning from the multi-decade focus of killing all bacteria with soaps detergents antibiotics and heart sanitizer how many times were you called to the dinner table and first instructed to wash your hands and then we try to create a environment where we feel like we're free of microorganisms and yet I'm not so sure that's the total direction to go some good some bad but we're shifting into maybe what might be a greater understanding of this antibacterial obsession we encountered into a world where we understand more greatly the microbial ecosystem and it is now linked to allergies of obesity coronary artery disease and so our microbial world we have a lot of room and work to improve bone in terms of understanding and life in a world without microbes was a question posed to Louis Pasteur and Louis Pasteur answered this query life would not long remain in the absence of microbes and of course Natal and Thurfelder and others wanted to try and prove him wrong with the no-toe biotic life and I call it that gut feeling what happened is they proved that you could take guinea pigs and place them in a microorganism free environment and they would survive but yet there was a myriad of problems in mental health and other interactions with the gut microbiome and neuro physiological health that manifested itself as a consequence of that environment and it connects the dots between your gut bacteria and the mood you're in it influences how we feel thinking are we having a good day bad day or good encounter bad encounter or whatever and so the area that I think we really need to gain more knowledge of is actually in the gut and I've done some studies on that in cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery and the inflammatory processes that mediate because of the poor perfusion to the gut at times so it's a very important topic then Lee and how discovered the microscope in 1675 he was a draper researching threads materials dyes and other components that made up his vocational world and one day out of curiosity after he had developed his microscope pictured on the right there and I have a replica of this microscope and I can't hardly see through it I don't know how he did he he observed tiny bacteria through this device so it's just amazing what his eyes were able to see and then I'm both this slide into the presentation innovation beyond the microscope the tank respirator or what you might more commonly know as the iron lung fill up drinker senior develop this system utilizing an electric motor and two vacuum cleaners to control the pressure in an airtight environment for the purpose of treating individuals afflicted with the polio virus more more prominently children but adults as well I had the experience with working with these systems in the 1970 and you see emerson's improvement in the top left photograph of working with the iron lung it had window portals and things like this that could allow the health care professionals to interact with the patient while they were in there providing them comfort and care and then he's pictured on the right with his son Phil drinker junior who was very prominent working with Robert Bartlett to develop at most systems developing a silicon polymer membrane and just for a brief borrow inside 2,500 years experience the plague of Athens took the lives of 100,000 people the citadies wrote the principal reaction of the people was fair and despair such that most of the in afflicted died in isolation alone and uncared for you strike alone and uncared for in today's pandemic and yet we hear quite a few prominent complaints from the public and understandably that they can't be with their loved one who is isolated and it makes an emotional impact on them looking at the Antoine small catpox pandemic and the plague of justinian and black death plague millions and millions and hundreds of millions of people died in a period where they didn't understand the diseases isolation they didn't have medications and so on and so forth and if you look back in the history of humanity most escape a great example in the town moved after the exodus when he probably could be considered the first public health official and microbiologists he taught his people how to live and live cleanly and freely and then the first human virus discovered was the yellow fever in 1901 it was confirmed in 1901 although Carlos Finlay proposed the concept that a vector in the form of a mosquito was transmitting this virus to humans and researchers at Columbia University Medical Center confirmed his suspicion about 21 years later and if you look at hepatitis B though it's a human virus 1967 it was discovered DNA extracted from a prehistoric human tooth revealed that hepatitis B has been infecting humans for at least 7,000 years or more and it's the oldest human virus to be sequenced and today 800,000 people died annually and there are 250 million infected with the virus today as we speak and you see on the map on the left this is where the discovery of all the oldest human research sites took place in archaeology and isolated the virus in ancient bones our list just keeps growing and growing in the microbial world you see the Marburg virus Ebola HIV influenza and all of us are familiar with the SARS and MERS and H1N1 it has impacted our profession greatly and what I want to emphasize here every generation of perfusionist understands their role their place in time in history and the fact of the matter is these people today the younger generation are making their mark and they will never forget this experience and you cannot overemphasize the topic of transmission by other direct or indirect contact large droplet sprays measure about 100 microns and carry enough sufficient momentum to deliver a direct hit on the respiratory mucosa and if you look in the bottom left you see the particle sizes that can A be inhalable and enter the lungs B respirable penetrating deep into the lungs and then the bottom particle the one micron size can penetrate all the way to the alveoli so aerosols for the remainder of this presentation will be a great emphasis that I emphasize in the control of these viral containing containing droplets and in relevant to our present coronavirus June Almeida actually discovered the coronavirus in 1964 she was a high school dropout at the age of 16 but went on to become one of the world's greatest electron microscopic examiners and she described a round grey dot covered in tiny spokes and noted that the pegs form the halo around the virus much like the sun's corona and how corona spread in a single restaurant before we learn the social distance if you look at the table setting on the left there's a yellow dot with a red circle red that's the first known to infect anyone in a public place in a restaurant and you see all the others that were infected we can't forget Legionnaires disease non tuberculin Michael bacteria all these other vehicles of disease that have affected us in our lifetime and the heater cooler incident where non tuberculin Michael bacteria was exposed to patients undergoing cardiac surgery unknowingly and in the exhaust system so aerosolization is very important PPE as far as the armature of safety and precautions is critical but in periods where intubation broncholavage bronchoscopy mechanical ventilation exhaust gas oxygenator exhaust gas endotracheal suction those are key periods where you're most predisposed to the risk of exposure to aerosol borrow micro organisms and of course transporting in a setting of whatever the case may be in house rotary fixed wing whatever and then quarantining hardware after deep cleaning for 30 days so those periods are very critical for us to understand and I want you to think about this slide as I begin to conclude COVID-19 around the world has experienced 966 patients place on ECMO in the United States 380 with 51% survivors that's pretty impressive because ECMO at first was considered a contraindication to use for treatment of COVID-19 because a group in Japan had experienced aerosolization in their institution and knowing what we now know I don't think this coming Valentine's Day is going to be like we've experienced in our life up to now there's not going to be any hugs and kisses are going to be the shields place that our culture is going to transition to a new environmental safety program that will probably decline kissing as a practice you won't see George Mendoza or Greta Friedman kissing in the streets of New York he grabbed her thinking she was a military nurse she was just a dental hygienist walking home and he grabbed her and planted a great big kiss on her it's the iconic image of the Japanese surrender during World War two and I don't want to get to the point where our famous artists have to place masks on such figures like the Mona Lisa's of the future and then that touchy feely thing we may want to rethink Lala given in 1929 wrote up a paper that pervade the message that hands are agents of bacterial transfer and she promoted the concept of shaking hands like the Chinese did but putting their two hands together and motioning and jashers of welcome kissing has been around since the 14th and 15th century BC handshaking has been around at least since the period of Homer in the Elliott and the Odyssey where he made numerous references to handshakes and at this moment this concludes my microbial world presentation and I look forward to any questions anyone may have in the future and what I would like to do summing up is recognize a dear friend of mine in memory of Sal Garico. Sal was at the Academy meeting this past year and I asked him point blank how are you feeling how are you doing and man he made me impressed that he was feeling great and we actually inducted him into the American Academy as an honorary fellow this past year he didn't know that we were going to surprise him at our next meeting and one thing Sal did emphasize to me he was so thrilled that David and Michael Duncan who are both retired now as surgeons from Texas Art reached out to him carried him to lunch and it just boosted his moral his morale and spirit very greatly he told me he thought it was a wonderful experience and then lastly how did I honor Terry Crane Terry made the impression on me of the great instructor teacher engineer and safety expert that he is from the very moment I met him and I met him in 1981 Terry is pictured here with his wife Marilyn and of course his daughter Jessica is a profusionist in San Antonio and her child with Dr. Cooley I wish Terry all the best in his retirement hope he enjoys life to the fullest with all this great family and the other thing I want to say Terry don't you dare become absent from our profession we still need you you step back and come in anytime and share your wonderful knowledge and life with us thank you


Good morning from Joshua tree Just want to let you know a couple Interesting things a couple fun facts a couple tips like if you're sleeping in a vehicle Park in the shade if you're like me and you're kind of sun sensitive Otherwise, I would have woken up like two hours ago when the Sun rose But was able to sleep in a little bit more than normal Also, I want to show you guys the battery monitor situation Looks like I used about a hundred and three amps last night. I'm at seventy two percent So the reason I mentioned that before I had this battery monitor I was probably using way beyond fifty percent and actually hitting fifty percent way too much Which resulted in me ruining a seven hundred dollar battery. So I just want you guys to know that Spend the two hundred bucks get the battery monitor. It'll be worth in the long Today's breakfast you guessed it lentils and peas I know Jake so high class. He's got his Organic granola with blueberries and a banana here Meanwhile, I'm using my secret ardvark sauce, which is my favorite hot sauce There's a link in the description if you want to get it. It's by far the most amazing stuff.  Yeah, it's also an affiliate code. So that would help me out It'd probably make like 20 cents off you. All right, we're all packed up and we're gonna go a little Do a little exploring around the park check out some of the Joshua trees and show Jake why this place is so amazing Oh, yeah, I'm gonna take you to like Joshua tree like forest basically The body 65 amps now it's a little bit down, but that's a combination of there we go back up to 64 That's a combination of solar plus alternator chart. It's kind of behind the scenes right now This is what we do When we see something cool, we basically like set up a shot get all excited Taking gazillion photos and then you'll see like one good one on Instagram something crazy just happened I'm not sure when it happened exactly, but I lost my taillight the plastic part so I'm not really sure when and where that could have happened, but That's no bueno Also air conditioning update it works. It just took a little while to to get going I got got our own max AC all the way cold high. I don't know it works But then sometimes it doesn't With my shower, but it's a little on the chilly side It's still gonna install that new heater So when you're in the town of Joshua tree at the Joshua tree entrance, there's a place over here and It looks like some old building, but they got showers in here along with the toys candy souvenirs gear all that stuff Brinkets kind of guy definitely not a souvenir kind of guy, but this place actually has really cool handmade stuff Especially from like local artists. So this place I would totally buy stuff from it So here's what you get for four dollars only four dollars That's probably the cheapest shower I've ever purchased and hopefully the last shower I ever purchased There we go is the key bathroom toilet Shower put tokens in here pretty easy to me definitely worth four bucks so I can feel all nice and fresh and clean It's like today's souvenir day. Not really sure what lucky person This is who's gonna get this stuff, but I got it. Also. We got what is it one o'clock right now? We got to get him to the airport in Los Angeles three or four hours away by eight It does suck but he's gonna come back hopefully for like a month or something. Yeah, yeah Continues, let's do that. Um, and so we're gonna go to try and find this like skate bowl in the hills Super top-secret kind of place look at my skin. I just had a shower. I just saw myself. It was like whoa Both had showers we're Brand new brand spanking new due to the fact that I gotta get this guy back to the airport and also do the fact that we got stuck in the sand the other day and This is It's not really a four-by-four road, but I know that this thing is so heavy I think we're gonna call it so there is something up the hill called the nude Bowl It is iconic to Southern California skateboarding It is it has an incredible view once you're up there and There's a lot of like skating areas and all the band and pools and the salt and sea area and the desert and stuff like that so Because it is another mile up the road and it is a bit soft. We're gonna we're gonna call it on this one I Really don't get stuck up there. I've just taken over the vlog because we're going down this really rough terrain Here it comes adventure buses in full adventure mode Look at that That terrain is shocking If you guys are driven out to Palm Springs I guarantee you have seen these things right here Which we are about to go and check out get a little closer view of these are wind turbines and It's just like the I don't know quintessential view and you come over the hill into the desert and they're awesome and they actually have a Very specific kind of hum to them, which is pretty cool I don't understand is that you have all these turbines all in a row That one over there is like super fast. This one is super slow and this one's like nearly stopped And so like why is there a difference of the speed of these things and why aren't they Point in them in a direction for maximum efficiency it it kind of like doesn't really make sense to me Because you'll drive by these things all day long somewhat like that one way down there If you guys can see that that one's going so fast and then like two or three next to it's completely stopped So is like is it broken does it need some grease in the bearings? I don't know and also how does it work you're like way at the top like does someone get inside there And if so how do you go inside like the tunnel do you have to be like helicoptered up there like I don't know These are questions. I don't know and I can't answer, but it sure would be fun to go up up inside one That's for sure Maybe a maybe a possible show idea right here. So now this is super weird This one here to the right is going super fast now one is now going super slow and the one at the end Which I believe was going the fastest is now off What is going on here? Six Sunsets or Jake rich up on top of Dan the adventure bus And we got we stop it in and out again. It's right over here by the airport. That's the last That's a lot your your your last supper, you know when in Rome do as a Romans. I'm totally going off my diet I will get back on it after I Send this guy off here, but we're just over here checking out this amazing amazing Spot to catch the sunset and watch some of the planes fly in and land and take off and stuff We opted not to use a public grass because well we have our own and it's It's a slightly better view up here. Let's see if I can make it in the the trash can from here. Oh off the rim Thanks, dude. Ladies and gentlemen, we're at LAX we're at the international departure It is time for Jake to hit the road unfortunately, but before he does I wanted to say you should go check out his stuff If you like it always subscribe. He's got some amazing content. He's gonna help me out with a Hopefully viral video, but we're gonna like learn how to make one and if it goes viral We'd love you to like help it go viral, but we're gonna help hopefully teach you how to make it But yeah, yeah, I really hope sincerely you do come back on the bus like in a couple months when you're ready Just get a one-way flight just come hanging out on Danny adventure bus and show the adventures I'm leaving you with this quick buzzer. Oh, you're the man. Thanks, dude Dude, how is this for a parking spot? It is so nice to be so close to the ocean in such a big city like Los Angeles And I guarantee this is probably the closest you can get to the water without hassle It's a park overnight. I just want to say thank you again to Jake for joining me for the past three days it was so much fun and Like I mentioned before it's a lot more fun traveling with you know, more people another person So hopefully you can do that more Who knows maybe I need to get a girlfriend have her on the bus take some trips together I don't know.  I don't know Traveling chef cook me food healthy food. Maybe a vegan chef So so I could not eat those double doubles Animal-style extra pickles muster to set the spread. Anyways, thank you all for watching. I will see you guys tomorrow Tomorrow is my movie premiere. I'm in a movie if you didn't see the video before when I said I was in a movie but I am and it was a lot of fun and So yeah, tomorrow we're gonna tomorrow night. We're gonna go there. I don't know. I'll see you guys tomorrow


He joined the team late, barely has any lines in either movie, and often gets left out of promotional material. This is the History and Origins of the Ghostbusters, Winston Zedemore. Hey guys, welcome back to Comic Gettin' TV, the only place on YouTube where all geek culture collides. I'm Shannon, and if you're new to the channel, make sure you hit the subscribe button and the notification bell so you don't miss out on a single History and Origins video.  It's mentioned in the novelization that Winston has a number of brothers and sisters, but the exact number is never given, and he was living with his mother after serving in the military until joining the Ghostbusters. Along with working parties alongside Ray, Winston also worked for an airline before returning to the team in the second film. Winston put himself through college by working as a fortune teller at Coney Island, and according to Ghostbusters' video game, in between the events of Ghostbusters 2 and the video game, Winston attained his doctorate in either history or Egyptology. That part's not made clear, however what is made clear is his fear of clowns. According to IDW Comics, Winston was enlisted in the Marine Corps. During the trial of the Ghostbusters in the second film, IDW showed that Winston had stepped into the hall and came across two angry police officers, holding another container of slime. The slime eventually manifested into Mama Scallari. The only thing Winston was able to come up with to fight the ghost was a lone ghost trap, due to all the other equipment being confiscated. Winston managed to trap Mama Scallari by first mocking her, a page taken out of Venkman's handbag, so that she would charge him and all he'd have to do is open the trap on her. In the first film, Winston was originally going to be named Ramsay and was meant to be played by Eddie Murphy, who opted out of the role due to starring in Beverly Hills Cop. Many of Winston's original lines were eventually given to Bill Murray, which is why Winston became the everyman of the group and was added late. Winston was originally meant to be the security officer of the group, all the way up until the final script when it was changed. What's also surprising is that Winston was originally meant to be the one to summon the Stapop Marfilm, however that part was eventually given to Rey. In a future video, I'll be going over my theory of who's actually responsible for Mr. Stapop summoning. Winston was going to be one of the original Ghostbusters, but it was decided to have him join later, so they needed help to deal with the rising number of Spooks, thanks to Gozers of Hending Arrival. In an earlier version of the script, Winston's resume was more detailed. It's stated that he was in the service for five years, was an Air Force Police Captain, assigned to administer perimeter security at Reese's Strategic Air Command Base, designed electronic barrier systems for century alarms, ended up as VP tactics and training at Pacific headquarters until the offices were closed down, was a 15th degree black belt in Wing Chun boxing and was a qualified award-winning weapons handler. It was revealed by Janine that Winston was hired so quickly during the first film because he was the only one who showed up to open interviews. As stated earlier in the video, in our next Ghostbusters video entitled Ghostbusters Explained, The Staypuff Marshmallow Man, I'll not only be going over the history and origins of the character, but I'll also explain in-depth exactly how Rey isn't the only Ghostbuster to blame for conjuring him in the first place. If you enjoyed that video, make sure you hit the subscribe button right there so you can stay up to date on all things geek culture. Also, go ahead and check out one of these two photos on the side for more videos just like the one you just watched.  Take care geeks.


Here we are in week 16 April 15th to the 21st of sales for video games and platforms in Japan and the sales data comes from Fumitsu that we're about to talk about Mostly because media create went behind a paywall and it's a pretty significant paywall So we don't really have numbers to play with from them anymore But according to Fumitsu out of Japan the Nintendo switch has finally crossed eight Million units to put this in perspective It is only a tad bit over 33,000 units away from passing the PlayStation 4 and Very well might do it either by the end of this month or the first week of May I say this because Nintendo switch did outsell the PlayStation 4 by nearly 30,000 units this week so if it can get a small bump next week compared to PlayStation 4 it could actually pass PlayStation 4 next week, but you know, we'll wait it might not be till the first week of May That being said that is a huge number and I need to explain this for a number of reasons to see the PlayStation 4 has sold eight million thirty three thousand five hundred and eighty seven units The PlayStation 4 has been on the market now at this point for Almost six years, you know, you got about another six months or so before we can officially say about six years so it's been on the market for a long time and In that time to sell eight million units is actually really really good There are systems that have done a little bit better than that obviously over the years in Japan But Japan has been a largely mobile gaming market for a long time So PlayStation 4's numbers are actually really impressive in Japan Obviously in comparison to the hundred million or so they've sold worldwide. It might not sound that impressive But that's just the way it like Nintendo switch, you know, so eight million here But you know, they probably have 38 40 million worldwide So again, it's more impressive because a larger percentage is in Japan But it's also only been on the market for two years And I think that is what makes it so impressive technically two years and about one month Now if you might say oh well PlayStation 4 is not a fair comparison because after all Nintendo switch has a portable aspect to it. Well, the Nintendo 3ds is at 24 million four hundred and two thousand Units the Nintendo 3ds released back in 2011 Really seriously, it's been on the market that long. Yeah, we're talking almost eight years Eight years to hit 24 million four hundred and two thousand now We're not going to presume that Nintendo switch is going to maintain these sales for eight years But if they did maintain for eight years the Nintendo switch would be at 32 million units Of course, we know that's not what's going to happen and in comparison Nintendo switch to 3ds They're actually on a very similar sales path in Japan Which is crazy to me because Nintendo switch is comparing to 3ds in sales over the same time period It's about to surpass PlayStation 4. It's obviously already surpassed PlayStation V at xbox one as you saw on the chart This is insane to me. This week. We're about to get the update for the lifetime sales of the Nintendo switch Through March 31st of this year We get this in I believe tomorrow night or Friday morning I can't remember one of the two and it's going to be pretty insane to see what these numbers are now we You know at least I expect that Nintendo is going to fall short of their 20 million goal They initially said Nintendo expects it as well By the way, they readjusted their goal at their last financial meeting a few months back and back in january and they said Hey, look, you know 20 million was kind of, you know, rough We're actually aiming more for like 17 and a half And we'll see if they end up hitting 17 and a half which would be more than they sold in the prior fiscal year So it's still growth But obviously they have a lot that could be talking about there's a lot of upcoming games Every now and then they talk about those games at the investor meetings So we might have some news about games and we'll be talking about all this on the next episode of the nintendo prime podcast But i'm just sitting here looking at these numbers from this week and i'm just i'm in shock I mean we only get the top 10 now because media create used to give us top 20 But the midst of only only shows the top 10 and still seven of the titles in April of 2019 our nintendo switch Nothing from 3ds, which by the way 3ds is basically falling off a cliff at this point moving only a few thousand And a couple playstation 4, you know seven nintendo switch three playstation 4 And when you look at the nintendo switch, there's some staying power and there's some newer games You know super smash roads ultimate launched last december Still sitting at the number three spot for the entire week Like what and it's moved over three million units already in japan alone making it like the best selling smash roads game in japanese history nintendo label the vr kit, you know everyone's like oh that's going to fall off a cliff Well, it's at 35 000 units moving 9 000 units last week. So it's still selling decently well Yoshi's crafted world for crying out loud that came out at the end of last month that moved 9 000 units soon It's over 100 000 units in japan. I'm pretty sure nintendo considers that a pretty big success Heck there was a new game launched on playstation 4 and switch this year and langrisser 1 and 2 And yeah, it sold more on playstation 4 because the audience for that game is more on playstation 4 But the switch version even with less switches on the market was only a few thousand behind playstation 4 That's pretty damn good Minecraft on nintendo switch is well on its way to eventually passing a million units. It's still 737 000 units like Minecraft the nintendo switch version of minecraft and these are just physical sales They don't track digital So physical sales of minecraft are going to be crossing 1 million at some point this year What? If super dragon ball heroes world mission from bananamco games, you know that moved 8 000 as well It's way to passing 100 000 units. Obviously you got secure shadow type twice That is a playstation 4 exclusive game that came off from from software That's still doing decently well there at the number 9 spot, you know when it's moved over 230 000 but then you get to new super mario bros you deluxe and What's impressive? I think about this top 10 is it's the first top 10 that I can remember Where games from 2017 from nintendo aren't in the top 10 Um splatoon 2 has been in the top 10 forever Right breath of the wild and super mario odyssey regularly come up in the top 10 But finally we're starting to see that at least the games that nintendo's getting at the top 10 are all ones that came out in the last five months And that is good news for nintendo because what it does mean is that they're not just selling on the backs of those 2017 titles, you know those new super mario brothers the Washington Well, you know the super mario odyssey and the breath of the wilds and splatoon 2 those are kind of like the big Three mario kart 8 deluxe like for a long time nintendo sales were based on that and now finally we're seeing smash rows being a reason It's selling the dang labo Being a reason like nintendo labo is actually kind of doing well here. Yoshi's craft a world of mine craft I guess that's one that came out back in 2017 So I guess there's one revenue, but I meant from nintendo side of things Um new super mario bros you deluxe that came out, you know in january granted I know we you port blah blah blah In fact, it's listed as new super mario bros you deluxe new super mario bros you slash new super Oh, man, I love I love how the titles are technically officially listed because that is technically what the title is Um, just it's amazing to me Just sit back and see how well the switch is doing in japan and yeah If I had numbers for uh north america if I had numbers for uh any other major countries I'd probably talk about those too because the switches numbers are just impressive across the board But you know what I wanted to get this out and I wanted to talk about it It's been a long time since I've really just sat back and glanced at the japanese sales on the whole I used to cover them every few weeks and now it's like, yeah, maybe one off mentioned in prime news But nothing really else and I am I'm just in shock and maybe you're in shock too. I don't know Um, but I am really stoked about these sales and we're about to get worldwide sales updates as well Which won't be as up to date as this for japan But we'll have a big update worldwide and I'm expecting the sales for switch to be a little bit higher than a lot of pundits expect Uh, and yeah, I just can't wait to see those financials and see the update on the game sales Um, I really want to I'm really very very curious for super smash bros is I mean across 3 million in japan Where is it at worldwide? Are we over 10 now or are we over 15? Uh, how how much did super smash bros sell after its launch month? We have a lot of unanswered questions And by the end of this week, we're going to know the answers to all of them. Anyways, uh, thank you guys so much for tuning in I am the tanner of a chance from nintendo prime Be sure to enter our nintendo switch super smash bros ultimate bundle giveaway through the gleam.io link down in the description Why don't you guys drop a like on this video as well and I will catch all of you guys in the next video


Dedicated to the strength of the nation, broadly, we hail. Bakery Scott in Above Their Comrades, a United States Army and United States Air Force presentation. And now here is our producer, the well-known Hollywood showman, C.P. McGregor. Thank you, thank you, and greetings from Hollywood, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to your Theater of Stars, where the great names in motion pictures star in plays written by the nation's foremost authors. This is the true story of the founding and establishment of the country's highest award to its heroes, the Congressional Medal of Honor. In the principal role, we present Mr. Zachary Scott, and above their comrades is the stirring title of our play. The Curtain for Act I will rise in just a moment, but first, here's Wendell Niles with an important message. Friends, your army and your Air Force men have a job to do.  You see, their business is peace. Yes, your army and your Air Force have as their mission preservation of world's peace and maintenance of security for America. And they're deriving satisfaction from serving their country and from making for themselves a career of self-improvement. They're helping you as well as themselves. Give them the support they deserve. And now once again our producer. The Curtain rises on Act I of Above Their Comrades starring Zachary Scott as Henry Wilson. The list of America's military heroes form a scroll of honor long and glorious, etched by the deeds of the brave, remembered in the hearts of the grateful. And atop the list are those few who, through some deed of unbelievable valor, have earned the highest decoration America awards to her defenders, the Medal of Honor. Our story tells how this highest military honor came into being. It's the story of a shoemaker, a soldier, and one of America's outstanding public servants of the past century, a man who, had he not died while serving his country as a vice president, might have been president of the United States. You see, these three, the shoemaker, the soldier, and the statesman, were all one man. His name was Henry Wilson. Henry Wilson did not win the Medal of Honor himself, for there was no such award when he served as a soldier. But Henry Wilson, almost more than any other American, was responsible for its creation. Let's start with Henry Wilson, the shoemaker. The year is 1834. And Wilson, a determined young man, pauses in his work at the appearance in the shop of his employer, a rather pinched-faced individual named Legro. Mr. Legro? Oh, Mr. Legro? Yes, Wilson. Yes, yes. What is it? Mr. Legro, I'm once again making preparations to leave your shop. Leave? And for what this time? I want to go into business for myself. For yourself? You insane? You don't know the shoemaker's trade? You've been in here only a short time. It takes years to learn this trade. Yes, but I've been learning. I'm sure I know enough to go out on my own. No. Well, what about our agreement? You've contracted a work for me for at least six months longer. What about that? I'll pay you. I'll pay you for my release. Pay? Where would you get any money? I've managed to save enough to buy myself out, Mr. Legro. Here a little and there a little.   I haven't helped you.  And as every young man in such a position is quite certain to do, Henry just happened to be walking a young lady of long acquaintance home one spring evening. Well, here is my gate. Unfortunately it is. Miss Harriet. Yes? We have now known each other a considerable length of time. Quite considerable. As you know, I make shoes. I must confess that in pondering what I'm about to say, I've worn out a pair of my best shoes, pacing up and down. Yes, Henry. I suppose I could say it best this way. I want more than anything else in the world to be your devoted husband. Oh, Henry. I too wondered what I would say if you should ask me. I don't know what to say, except kiss me. Henry Wilson's personal affair has prospered. But a non-selfish desire of serving others soon led quite naturally enough to a desire to serve in the legislature in his home state, Massachusetts. At a big gathering following the election, beside the platform which had been erected, a nervous man is talking to the leader of the band. Now, have you got it, Herman? I think so. I'll keep it to you once more. Your band plays after Mr. Wilson speaks. But before the refreshments, have you got it? Uh, yes. Before Mr. Wilson, after the refreshments. No, no, Herman, after Mr. Wilson, after. Dear, they're introducing you now. Mr. Wilson. Thank you. Thank you.  It was inevitable that a man of Wilson's talent and desire for service should progress in his career to the Congress as a representative of the state of Massachusetts. And then, in 1860, as a United States senator, we find him discussing a new responsibility with his wife Harriet. I'm so proud of you to think that my husband is now the distinguished chairman of the Senate Military Affairs Committee. And husband of the beautiful Harriet Wilson, an even greater honor. Oh, now, Henry. Well, a senator can be in love with his wife, can't he? Dear, you always make me feel so important and so wonderful, even when I'm tired. Harriet, you have been feeling stronger lately now, haven't you? Yes, Henry. I think so. You know, Harriet, now that I'm chairman of the Military Affairs Committee, perhaps I'll be able to do something about that favorite project of mine. Oh, yes, your soldier's award. Yeah, that's right. I'd like to call it the Congressional Medal of Honor. And once established, a precedent would be set for awarding outstanding bravery. You've convinced me about your award my dear long ago. Well, let's hope I can do the same thing with those members of Congress who are against the medal. Oh, I'll accomplish it, just like I once bought out my apprenticeship. Here a little, there a little. Of course you will, my dear. In that regard, I'd like to have a dinner tomorrow night for Colonel Monet. He's a member of the French Military Commission here to survey our army and make recommendations. I want him to recommend this award. Anyone else coming there? Colonel Ephraim Ellsworth has promised to drop by for dinner. Oh, it's always lovely to have Ephraim. He'll be leaving right after dinner to join the president. Mr. Lincoln has invited them to a big reception at the White House. Oh, wonderful for Ephraim and his future. Yes, indeed. Well now, my dear, you're sure this dinner won't be too much for you? No, Henry. For you, nothing is too much. Well, Senator Wilson, I must say the best cooks are not confined to France. This has been a superb dinner. I'm glad you enjoyed it, Colonel Monet. Of course, Colonel Ellsworth here is our starboarder. I most certainly am. Oh, too bad that Madame Wilson was unable to join us. She's not been quite herself, and I insisted that she remain in bed this evening. Oh, it is nothing serious, of course. Oh, no, I'm sure it's nothing. Colonel Ellsworth, it is just a small matter, but my curiosity has been aroused. You Frenchman eternally curious. I was wondering, in France, we military men always wear our medals at social functions. Colonel, I notice you do not wear yours. Is it a custom? We have no medals in the American Army. No medals? But I do not understand. But surely you must have some way of rewarding the soldiers and officers who distinguish themselves. I'm afraid we don't, Colonel Monet. Oh, is it a possible no medals at all? I agree with you, Colonel Monet. I believe that we should have some tangible way of expressing appreciation for our soldiers. Particularly, I am interested in establishing an award for outstanding valor. Senator, you'd better come at once. Your wife has fainted. Well, you'll excuse me, Colonel Monet. Of course. Ephem, you'd better go and get the doctor. I'll get a doctor here as fast as I can. Well, Henry? It seems to be pneumonia. Doctor says the crisis has not been reached. I don't know, Ephem. I'll feel right about this. Henry, I know that nothing possible can harm Harriet. Nothing? You make it sound better. Aren't you going to be late for that reception at the White House? I'm not going, Henry. I have sent regrets to the President. No, but Ephem, it isn't every Colonel in Washington who receives an invitation to an important affair at the White House.    God bless you. The doctor says you may see her now, Senator Wilson. She's going to be all right. Oh, thank heaven. I'll be going now. All right, Ephem. Harriet and I both thank you. I know. Tell Harriet the star boarder is looking forward to that next dinner soon. Goodbye, Henry. Yeah, don't try to talk too much. Henry, I was sorry about the dinner. Was it all right? It was perfect, my dear. And your Colonel Monet? He's on our side. Oh, I'm glad. And what you said, here a little, there a little. Maybe? Yes, my dear. Yes, I'm sure of it now. And I'll tell you what I'm going to do. I'm going first to get you out of that bed and fit as a fiddle again. Because I want you to be in that gallery when Congress convenes again and I introduce my resolution. Quiet. Quiet in the Senate. Quiet gentlemen, please. Mr. President. Mr. President. The chair recognizes the senator from Massachusetts. Mr. President, as chairman of the military affairs committee, I would like to put on the docket the following resolution. That the Congress shall cause to be created a medal of honor. To be awarded to those soldiers who shall most distinguish themselves by gallantry and action. Mr. Prime Minister. The chair recognizes the senator from Illinois. Mr. President, I move that the resolution of my esteemed colleague from Massachusetts be tabled. Such an award as he proposes smacks of monarchy. In the long and glorious history of our great nation, we have always struggled to maintain our democratic principle. Mr. President. I am in full agreement with the senator from Illinois. It is quite true that we must maintain the principles of our free republic. Gentlemen from this chamber, chair Wilson, I'm afraid we must postpone this discussion. I have just received word that armed forces of the Confederate states of America have attacked Fort Sumter. Gentlemen, this means war between the states. We pause briefly from our story above their comrades starring Zachary Scott to bring you an important message from our government. A career with wings is the career of the future. Many young men who are aware of this have taken a step that will give them wings. Air Force Aviation Cadet Training. When they have completed the training successfully, they will receive their pilot's wings and a commission as second lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force Reserve. Outstanding graduates will receive regular commissions, while others will have the opportunity to qualify for a regular commission while they are on active duty tours. The requirements are that you are between the ages of 20 and 26 and 1 half with two years of college or the equivalent, that you are physically fit. As an aviation cadet, you will be on your way to a great career. Find out now if you can qualify. Get your application today at your nearest Air Force Base or U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force Recruiting Station. Remember, only the best can be aviation cadets. And now, act two of above their comrades starring Zachary Scott as Henry Wilson. Senator Henry Wilson's efforts to have Congress create a Medal of Honor to be awarded for valorous deeds to members of the Army have temporarily been postponed. The Confederacy has attacked federal territory and preparations are being speeded to put the country on a wartime basis. We find Wilson and his wife Harriet completely recovered from her illness, talking to Wilson's friend Colonel Ellsworth at Senator Wilson's home in Washington, D.C. It's a terrible thing there's war between the states. Yes, think, American against American, brother against brother. War is never pleasant Harriet, but this, Henry, this is going to be the hardest job of all. Leading men in armed warfare against the men who only a few months ago were brothers in arms. And what about Washington? Do we have troops enough to defend the capital? I think so. While we're virtually surrounded by Confederate territory, we can always summon enough federal and militia troops for the protection of Washington. Well, that's reassuring. Well, there's not too much to worry about at this point. As a matter of fact, I'm taking my regiment over to occupy Alexandria tomorrow. Oh, I didn't know that was planned so soon. Will there be trouble? Surely there must be some Confederate troops in Alexandria. Only a few. We're allowing them a few hours to leave. Then we'll disembark. We're going by boat and occupy the city. Well, Ephraim, good luck for you. Thank you, Henry. Take good care now. We wouldn't want anything to happen to you. Well, you're making this sound so ominous. Now, don't worry, Henry. If I can't take care of myself, I have some very brave men in my command to will. While I dare say there won't even be a shot fired tomorrow. The men are all disembarked and in formation, Captain. Good, Sergeant. At ease, at ease, men. As you know, we are now in Alexandria. From the docks here, we will march in and occupy the strategic points of the city. We expect no opposition. But remember, this is Confederate territory. Any questions? Company, attention. Forward, up. Here comes Colonel Ellsworth, sir. Captain, halt the men. Oh, yes, sir, Colonel Ellsworth. Company, halt. Company. Captain, you see the Confederate flag over that inn? Oh, yes, sir. I'll tear it down. Please, Captain, I prefer that privilege myself. Well, yes, sir. Let me have a couple of men. I'll give you Private Brownell. He's one of my best men. Brownell? Yes, sir. You and these two men go with Colonel Ellsworth. We'll be back in a couple of minutes. You wait here with your company until we return. Hold it here. Brownell, you and your men cover me. I think I can reach the flag from the windowsill. Yes, sir. Here it is. Well, Colonel, you certainly sweated that one on. Easier than I thought. God, I was sure someone was inside the building. Now, the place is deserted. Well, we better have a look, see, just to make sure. Look out, Colonel, you're making me... Brownell? Oh, good work, Brownell. You got him. You all right? I'm okay. He missed me. How about Colonel Ellsworth? He hit the Colonel. Colonel Ellsworth is dead. I'm Brownell, Senator Wilson. I said you wanted to see me.  Thank you, Senator. Colonel Ellsworth was a very dear friend of mine. I want to thank you for trying to protect him at the risk of your own life. It was all on the way of duty, sir. No, it was more than your duty.  You could have been killed yourself. If anyone else in the output would have done the same, Senator, we all thought a lot of Colonel Ellsworth. Well, Brownell, I want to express my appreciation. And there's something I want you to know. I've been trying for some time now to get a bill passed to create a Medal of Honor for outstanding bravery. And if successful, I'm going to see that you are awarded that medal. The death of my friend Colonel Ellsworth has made me all the more determined that men of your caliber shall receive the recognition they deserve. Thank you, sir. With the nation in a state of crisis, Wilson's duties as chairman of the Military Affairs Committee occupied is every moment. Then, late in 1861, Congress adjourned. Immediately upon adjournment, President Lincoln summoned Wilson to his office. Oh, come in, Senator. Come in. There's something I want to talk over with you. Thank you, Mr. President. I know you feel the tragedy of the event that has befallen our nation. Yes, Mr. President. And in a very personal way, the loss of my dear friend Colonel Ellsworth. I have that report. However, we must pursue our objective with firmness in the rights as God gives us to see the right. Wilson, you've been doing a fine work in the Senate. Thank you, Mr. President. I have in mind for you an assignment, a special assignment. Is it permanent? No, just between sessions. It will terminate when Congress convenes again. Well, is this mandatory, Mr. President? No. No, I'll explain it and leave it up to you whether you want to accept. I'm appointing a commission to study mobilization and manpower requirements. I want you to serve on the commission. I'd like to, Mr. Lincoln, but I feel I could be of even greater service in uniform. Yes, sir. I've been offered a temporary commission as Colonel in the Massachusetts State Militia. I'm going into active duty between congressional sessions. You're going me one better, Wilson, serving in the regular forces. I don't like to refuse your offer, Mr. President, but I do... That's quite all right, Wilson. I'm sure you will be of invaluable aid to the nation in uniform. I'll be back when Congress reconvenes, Mr. Lincoln. And there's one project in particular I want to take up again. Creating a Medal of Honor. No wonder they call you the soldier's friend. Good luck, Wilson. And when you return, good luck on your soldier's medal. Members of the Senate, I move to take up Senate Joint Resolution Number 82 to provide for the presentation of Medals of Honor to the men of the Army and the volunteer forces who have or who may distinguish themselves in battle during the present rebellion. Mr. President! The chair recognizes the senator from Illinois. Before the discussion goes any further, I should like to ask why we need such a decoration as Senator Wilson proposes? For one thing, we have no Army medals. But, Senator Wilson, is it not true that we already have a decoration known as the Order of the Purple Hearts and also one known as the Certificate of Merit? That's true, and it's not true. What do you mean? The Certificate of Merit was originated during the Mexican campaign. What's that got to do with it? As the name implies, it is just a certificate, a scrap of paper. It's an award! And a soldier wears a scrap of paper. What about the Purple Heart? He can wear that? The Purple Heart was originated by General Washington during the war for independence. Does it matter when it was originated? The Purple Heart is now obsolete. It was awarded only once. It no longer is a gentleman. It can be revived. The Purple Heart is not a man. The discussion is getting out of hand. You are now quibbling over small matters. The clerk will read the roll and a vote will be taken on the resolution. California? California votes on. Can anyone get a candidate vote aye? Can anyone? Yes. Well, there it is today. Come here and sit down. I have something to tell you. Yes? You've often said in your struggle to establish the Medal of Honor, here a little and there a little. Well, this is really very little. It just arrived this afternoon, and it's for you. Well, it's a pen. What bearing does a pen? Notice, my dear. This is the pen President Lincoln used today to sign your bill creating a Medal of Honor into law. Harriet. On July 12th, 1862, President Lincoln signed a bill providing for the Army Medal of Honor. It was a triumph for his zealous advocate, Henry Wilson, and a triumph for all those brave soldiers who, through their valor in the field of battle, have earned the right to wear the Medal. As long as America must call upon her brave men to defend their native land, there will always be those who distinguish themselves by gallantry and intrepidity above their comrades. They are the winners of the nation's highest award, the Medal of Honor. Curtin falls in the final act of above their comrades. Our star, Zachary Scott, will return for a Curtin call after this important message from Wendell Niles. During the recent war, 60,000 physicians volunteered to safeguard the health of American soldiers, sailors, and airmen. Today, a small fraction of this number is asked to help regular Army and Air Force doctors keep our ever-growing Army and Air Force the healthiest in the world. There are three jobs for these physicians. First, preventive medicine to maintain highest health standards possible for soldiers and airmen. Second, medical and surgical care for the sick and injured. Third, research to improve medical knowledge not only for the benefit of military personnel but for the good of people everywhere. If you are a practicing physician or surgeon, you may be commissioned in the grade for which you are qualified, up to and including that of Colonel. And you will have the vast resources of the U.S. Army and the U.S. Air Force Medical Research Facilities at your service. Right to the Surgeon General, U.S. Army, Washington, 25 D.C. for full details. Now back at the microphone, our star, Zachary Scott and our producer. Zachary, I wish I could give you a citation for your fine portrayal of Henry Wilson. Thank you, CP. When the Hollywood Coordinating Committee told me about your invitation to do an authentic story based on the Medal of Honor, I was very pleased. The invitation really came direct from General Hanley. All right, I didn't know that. By the way, it was a good story. Let's go to the author, W. James Bastion. So I got interested and did some research on my own about the Medal of Honor. Oh? Yes, maybe your listeners would like to hear a couple of facts about it. I'm sure they would. Since this is the very highest award our government gives for conspicuous gallantry, the wearer rates are greatest respect. And admiration. That's right. Now, do you have any idea how many medals of honor were awarded in the last war? I could guess. All right. But remember, there were over 13 million in service. Well, let's say about a thousand. No. The latest figures I could get show only 332. In all branches? That's right. Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard. Now, do you know what that means in percentage of recipients? You mean the number of men per hundred who received it? Per hundred. But CP, only one man received the Medal of Honor out of approximately every 40,000. Amazing. But you know, I think everyone feels that each man who went into battle was a hero. And if needed, would have served beyond the call of duty. I most certainly agree. Well, I've given you my facts and figures. Now, what facts can you give us about your play for next week, CP? Next week, Zachary and ladies and gentlemen, Yvonne DeCarlo comes to our Theater of Stars in a dramatic play titled Seven Candles. This is the story of a woman's intense love for her husband, which overcomes his disordered state of amnesia to regain their former happiness and affection. Fine. Thank you for listening. And please extend my thanks to the good general for the invitation. So long, CP. I'd be glad to. Goodbye, Zachary. We feel the generous mix, ladies and gentlemen, when we bring you Yvonne DeCarlo in Seven Candles. Until then, this is CP McGregor saying thanks for listening, and Cheerio from Hollywood. Zachary Scott appears with a courtesy of the Hollywood Coordinating Committee, which arranges fully appearance of all stars on this program. Script was by W. James Baskin, music under the direction of Eddie Scravan. This program is transcribed in Hollywood for release at this time. Wendell Niles speaking.


I'm chairing this working group together with Helmut Wenzel from Austria, who will have a little longer presentation after myself. So it was very good to see the interactive discussion we had before the coffee break. It was really good because I think this working group or the emphasized content of this case study working group is somehow reflecting the interactive character of this cost action. Because the meaning is not that we just now as a working group for case studies start now with calculating our case studies. The meaning is that we get highly inspired from the other working groups for possible topics, for possible problem settings in order to finally demonstrate what we developed during this cost action but also to do some benchmark and sensitivity studies during the developments that take place in working groups one to three. So I think it's very, very important that we find the momentum how we can interact between the different working groups. So just to remind you from the memorandum of understanding the entire goal and objective of this action and the scientific focus of this action is the development or the further development of a theoretical framework that consists of these different parts we just saw this morning. We have to have tools but we also have decision theoretical framework which is more or less set and the challenges to apply this to practical situations. And this challenge of course is exemplified or somehow represented most in working group four where we have to demonstrate that something is applied in the practical situation. However, when we look at the contributions we had so far and also tomorrow as we are engineers and close to all of our contributions are a kind of case study on different levels of abstraction. So now it's the challenge of working group four how to separate the work we have to do or we intend to do in this working group or how we define this work differently to the work that is done in other working groups. So we have to develop efficient computational tools that is working group three and these tools they also have to be demonstrated and maybe most importantly after this overview we got before the coffee break which I found very, very informative and I found it not a big problem that is too much so first we have to have an overview. I think a big challenge is to find an idea which tool serves in which situation can also be demonstrated in this working group four. So the Memorandum of Understanding already defines some approach we will follow and of course should follow this approach because we have been thinking something when we have written this down so we should identify examples from different engineering domains in order to get a sense of representativeness of the field so we should not only look in one damaged mechanism from one particular type of structure so we should have a little broad spectrum on how we apply things and we should demonstrate the applicability of the value of information assessment approach that is developed in working group one and three. And this also means that we cannot start today because up to now not so much has been developed within this cost action so this is also the reason that the start of this working group is a little bit postponed by intention. But on the other hand we can also as a working group entitled to do some case studies we can come up with some practical implications and practical complications and difficulties and inspire the other working groups that these are issues that have to be followed further. And maybe the working group as it was attracting people more from the practical side of our field we might be able to deliver data and tomorrow in our parallel session we will look what data is available and how can we help in the work of the other working groups. So the challenges we talked a lot about these challenges and we saw this classical decision tree many times today and I will not talk too much about this but in the end we have to find practical ingredients or we have to find realistic assumptions for our theoretical problems. So as we are engineers we are always and scientists at the same time so we have always a scientific kernel. What we do we have some formulas some theoretical concepts that can be falsified that are purely scientific so they are either wrong or right but as engineers we have to embed our science into assumptions and I think a big challenge in bringing this concept into practical situations is how can we formulate assumptions that represent a real situation situations with a consistent level of crudeness. So how can we be consistent in our assumption? And this is associated in how can we formulate a likelihood we have discussed this and we have a working group especially on that but also how can we find a relation between the limit states or the failures we consider explicitly in our theoretical concepts but how can we find a relation between this limit state and real consequences? This is also a big challenge I think we have to address in the cost action as a whole and we have to demonstrate how this works in this working group. Working group for participation also we have so far 28 participants from 18 different countries the constitution is that we have 14 from universities so this is of course the biggest part we have public authorities, two partners and we have 8 participants from consulting or from industry. Tomorrow we have one hour of parallel sessions so we don't have any presentations as we have in the other working groups today the focus is clearly directed on working group 1 to 3 at this workshop however we had a lot of contributions and interests to do something actively already now and of course we accepted these initiatives and we received 8 abstracts and contributions that will be discussed tomorrow in the parallel session in terms of flash presentations and we will use the time, the short time in getting known to each other and discussing first directions we can take in this working group but as I said it's of course not an idea that our working group is a standalone activity it's highly important that we get inspired or that we highly interact with the other working groups and that we formulate examples and benchmarks and demonstration cases for the entire cost action during the 4 years. Interaction to other working groups are rather obvious I also scanned memorandum of understanding to find what is defined already there so working group 1 is intended to develop a generic classification and representation of different relevant decision situations and of course this classification should be applied then in working group 4 a conceptual example and framework is developed in working group 1 and this can be the starting point for a more practical example that is then developed further in working group 4 working group 2 is about the categorization of different structural health monitoring concepts and methodologies and also this categorization should be somehow then implemented in our working group and an information modeling platform of course could be also or the use of this platform could be demonstrated in working group 4 and as discussed before the coffee break it's obvious that all the tools and methods that are available in the different corners of our profession should be demonstrated and the relevance for the different situations should be assessed that's the time plan as intended we start next year actually with our official work and this is due to the fact that we have to define from the other working groups cases and case studies that we can then pursue in this working group so that's from my side now I suggest that we have a little possibility for questions from your side otherwise yeah please