Item number SCP-383, Object Class, Euclid, Special Containment Procedures. All samples of SCP-383 must be kept in standard airtight plastic containers, frozen into ice blocks, and stored in a locker kept at negative 5 degrees Celsius at all times. All samples of SCP-383 removed for testing must be handled with a minimum safety equipment of a face mask, latex gloves, and protective goggles, optional of personnel already wear prescription glasses. Personnel are reminded to wash hands after handling SCP-383 related materials. All suspected and confirmed infections of SCP-383 will be treated with personnel, and anyone they have had direct contact with in the frame of infection, placed into quarantine for the duration of testing. A confirmed case of SCP-383 will result in personnel being placed under a week-long quarantine, and placed on antivirals until testing reveals that SCP-383 is fully flushed from the system. Infected civilians are to be treated similarly, and given a Class B amnestic, and told that they are in quarantine for a highly virulent new strain of the flu, and the cause of the outbreak must be identified. All objects created by SCP-383 must be catalogued, along with the current state of the host. Hosts of SCP-383 will be given a high-nutrition IV drip, and unless Class D testing is in operation, hosts will be kept mildly sedated and in safe, hospitable situations. For obvious security reasons, SCP-383 may not be introduced to any other SCPs. Description SCP-383 is a viral infection, first categorized as a variant of influenza. The initial symptoms of SCP-383 are similar to those of the common cold, ranging through a variety of aches and pains, sinus issues, sore throat, upset stomach, coughing and sneezing, and fatigue. It appears to only be capable of infecting human hosts, but has been observed to be carried by other animals, such as rats and pigeons. Similar to a common infection, SCP-383 will work its way through the human body naturally within a few days, or faster with routine antivirals. However, SCP-383 is also accompanied by extreme waves of nausea, along with bringing up the contents of the host's stomach. SCP-383 appears to be capable of, through unknown means, producing random items. These items are always sized appropriately to the host's mouth, even if it appears infeasible for them to originate from the stomach, suggesting that these items are actually produced either in the mouth or throat. More often than not, these items are useful, individually, to the host. For example, a host inside of a locked room may regurgitate a key, or a lockpick set, or a crowbar to pry the door open. While the results are far from consistent, the only pattern shown is that SCP-383 always produces items of use to the host in one way or another. SCP-383 has even been observed to create living animals and complex mechanical devices. Although SCP-383 would seem to have great potential as a foundation asset, it should be noted that these items do not spontaneously appear. Rather, they are created from biomass from the human body. Victims are prone to anemia, nutrition loss, bone damage, and severe weight loss depending upon the fashion of items produced. Items that contain substances not found often inside the human body are often replaced with similar substances, or missing non-vital parts. Items can also cause damage to the mouth and esophagus, and a weakening of the immune system. Hosts have also been observed to have a risk of choking on any items produced from SCP-383. Hosts of SCP-383 also report some difficulty swallowing foods, and the relatively consistent nausea makes it difficult to consume or digest any foods or liquids, occasionally resulting in dehydration. Due to SCP-383's highly virulent nature, occasional mutations can occur, resulting in SCP-383 strains that cause the host to regurgitate unsafe items, or substances such as boiling hot liquids or knives that injure or kill the host. Other somewhat common SCP-383 strains include a similar effect to the parent virus, but manifesting its item creation abilities through fecal excretion instead. Extra risk may be taken to prevent further strains of SCP-383 from developing, as a strain capable of infecting non-human entities, or with an entirely fatal reaction, could prove disastrous. Outbreaks of SCP-383 outside the SCP facility have been observed and contained. See addendum for details. Item number SCP-371 Object Class Euclid Special Containment Procedures All specimens of SCP-371 are to be contained in ocean water tanks, filled with at least 750 liters of water, approximately 200 gallon per specimen at between 2 and 5 degrees Celsius. Examples may be constructed of any waterproof metal or plate glass, and at least 2 inches thick. Once every 30 days, a live animal weighing between 25 and 45 kilograms, preferably oceanic fish. Although in emergencies, any terrestrial vertebrate, including humans, with the head kept suspended above water will suffice. Is to be deposited in the containment unit. Following the completion of the light cycle after 10 days, several SCP-371 specimens may be maintained, and all extra are to be strained out of the excurrent water, dried, and incinerated. Any personnel entering SCP-371's containment chamber intentionally must be equipped with scuba gear, commercially available shark-proof diving armor, thick face plates, and Kevlar helmets. If these measures fail or are breached for any reason, the animal supply for that month may be skipped. There are currently 15 SCP-371 specimens in containment. Description SCP-371 is a macroscopic marine virus, similar in appearance to a bacteriophage. SCP-371 specimens range in size from between 20 centimeters to 2.5 meters, are somewhat transparent, and can be mistaken for jellyfish in water. SCP-371's physiology and behavior appear similar to ordinary microscopic viruses, although with several adaptations that make it a notable marine predator. The contractile tail fibers, shown in image A, are composed of stiffened proteins, and are adapted for locomotion, swimming, grasping, walking on the ocean floor. A sharpened and hardened beak-like base plate, rendering the virus capable of injecting genetic material through the dermal skin of multicellular prey, and presumably unknown sensory organs. SCP-371 cannot see or hear, but appears to hunt by sensing heat, vibrations, and pressure and salinity gradients. Most notable is SCP-371's encoding mechanism, which does not use the direct injection of DNA or RNA, but rather numerous microscopic DNA encoding packets, which enter host cells and use them to respawn the macroscopic organism inside the host. Stages of SCP-371 Infection Zero hours, infection. SCP-371 pierces host's skin and injects genetic material into the host, usually into the cranial or abdominal cavity, causing significant pain. Eight hours, transcription, bonding. SCP-371 genetic packets begin normal transcription and translation process, bonding with host RNA. Ninety-five hours, synthesis, spawning. As host cells replicate, they begin to encode extracellular proteins in the abdominal cavity, which form new SCP-371 specimens over time, between ten and one hundred, depending on host size. Specimen size also changes with host size. Two hundred and forty hours, lysis, bursting. Once specimens have reached twenty centimeters in size, they exit the host body in a modified bursting pattern, causing severe trauma to the host and often resulting in serious bleeding, internal injuries, and death. SCP-371 lysis only in water and for terrestrial prey will postpone this stage until the host enters water again. For the rest of its life cycle, SCP-371 hunts and apparently filters salts and sediments from ocean water in order to grow up to 2.5 meters in size. The virus's average life cycle is sixty days, although the oldest contained specimen is currently one hundred and nine days old. Addendum 371A The initial SCP-371 specimens were found in the area of the Caribbean Sea, following the death of a man who was attacked when diving with a partner, who managed to capture film of three SCP-371 specimens clinging on to him, two on the head, one on the chest. The specimens laced ten days later when Mr. B*** was taking a bath. Foundation-prepared explorational vehicles discovered and contained the initial specimens. Recently, a civilian research expedition to the Guaimus base in Trench brought up footage of more specimens, and it is theorized that SCP-371 is native to hattle areas of the ocean floor, including vent areas, surfacing when prey becomes scarce. Item number SCP-353 Object Class Cater Special Containment Procedures Biological hazard protocol is to be maintained at all times. Biohazard threat level 4 Full hazardous material suits, gloves, and oxygen supply will be required to examine subject. A disinfectant shower and decontamination spray are standard procedure before and after contact with SCP-353. The whole containment unit is to be kept underground at negative pressure and hermetically sealed at all times to prevent accidental contamination to the outside area. In the case of containment breach, all affected personnel are to be placed in immediate Biohazard level 4 quarantine. Termination will be required in the possibility of an outbreak of one or more Class 9 infectious agents. Subjects should be fed three times a day, as standard, and provided with the minimum required comfort items. A twin-size bed, a pillow, and a blanket. Clothing in the form of disposable surgical scrubs are to be provided as needed, but requests for items should otherwise be denied. Any outward signs of disease in the subject, such as rashes, boils, vomiting, or sickly pallor or demeanor, should be reported with haste. Since the appearance of symptoms in SCP-353 means a willful effort on her part, subject is to be subdued and questioned. Should SCP-353 need to leave its containment facility for any reason, it is to be fitted with an explosive collar, time-release drug delivery service, for dosages of euphoric substances, and Biohazard containment suit. Should SCP-353's suit breach containment, emergency sterilization procedures, up to an including incineration of the affected area, are to be carried out. Description SCP-353 appears to be a normal human female, 26 years old, of average physical capacity and average intelligence. Subject has the capacity to siphon infectious viral and bacterial agents from her environment, nurture and store them within her body, and then redistribute them to devastating pandemic effect. SCP-353's mood directly affects the radius of infections recorded, with increased emotional states leading to massively increased potency. SCP-353 seems to be immune from the symptoms of said infectious agents, but just as long as she is only passively storing them, her active, willful attempts to nurture, manipulate, and change infectious agents while they remain in her body cause her to manifest symptoms, ranging from mildly annoying to severe. Symptoms only last as long as she is actively inducing a change in the quantity or quality of an infectious agent, and thus rarely last longer than a few hours. Examinations have shown that the subject is able to store almost any infectious bacterial or viral agents within her body, though she is only capable of changing agents that are able to naturally survive within the human body. As of writing this report, SCP-353's blood contains traces of over 1,000 different infectious agents, including human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, Ebola, Marburg, 67 different strains of the common cold, herpes simplex A, E. coli, cholera, bubonic plague, SARS, and malaria. At least 30% of said infectious agents were previously unknown to the medical community and were possibly engineered by SCP-353 herself, making SCP-353 an invaluable resource. Addendum 3531 SCP-353 was originally encountered in data expunged, South Africa, where she seemed to be deliberately seeking to pick up strains of the Ebola virus. Foundation personnel pursued SCP-353 to Dresden, Germany, where they determined that she had successfully contracted Marburg and redistributed said virus to data expunged. Subject was eventually subdued by physical means and taken into Foundation custody with minimal loss of life. To date, her true identity is unknown, as she gives no name other than Vector and refuses to answer any questions about her past. SCP-353 claims to have traveled the Western world seeking greater infections for her collection. Everyone asked why, she would not give a response aside from, because I can. Addendum 3532 Initial testing has shown that she is as adept at manipulating and changing infectious agents in the bodies of nearby subjects, as she isn't manipulating them within her own body. She seems to prefer to manipulate diseases within her own body, however, as it grants her full access to the results of her manipulations. Furthermore, her ability to manipulate disease in nearby subjects means it's likely that she is equally capable of curing diseases and dispensing them. On a different note, personnel are reminded to refer to humanoid SCPs by their numerical SCP designation. Should SCP-353 refuse to cooperate, she is to be subdued and punished. We're not here to make her X-Men villain fantasies come true. Dr. Sarajarvi Addendum 3533 Given that this girl is a walking time bomb of viruses, I recommend that we trank her, strap her to a table, and give her a massive dose of Riboviron interferon, cocktail to flush her system. Dr.  Did you know that this girl somehow has the original strain of the 1918 Spanish flu? As well as a half-dozen strains of viruses we've never seen. The research possibilities alone. Dr. R. Addendum 3535 Limited research approved. 05- R. Addendum 3536 The embrace of this vector persona, including the fixation on the color black for cosmetic purposes. Her might-makes-right attitude, her desire to infect rather than to cure, and her disregard for human life all signal towards extreme malignant narcissism and psychopathic tendencies. Her obvious pleasure in manipulating and controlling diseases within herself despite the often painful symptoms involved are also quite troubling. Taking approval for psychological examination, counseling or therapy may be useful in reducing her difficult demeanor. Dr. Glass Item Number SCP-340 Object Class Safe Special Containment Procedures SCP-341, 3, 4, and 5 are to be communally housed in a 10 meter by 10 meter by 2.5 meter tank. The water temperature maintained between 25 degrees Celsius and 30 degrees Celsius. Antidepressants and broad-spectrum antibiotics are to be administered intravenously every 12 hours. Medicinal compounds may not be added to the standard nutritive paste without approval. All waste products must be properly sterilized. Any personnel who aspirate water from the containment tank must report to medical staff immediately. Description SCP-340 is produced by a human-specific virus which preferentially colonizes the nasal cavities. The virus cannot be identified according to the Baltimore classification scheme, leading foundation researchers to believe it was engineered by parties as yet unidentified. The presence of genes from both HIV and the SARS coronavirus supports this hypothesis. An incubation period, with a mean duration of three days, occurs upon initial exposure to the virus. Influenza-like symptoms will then develop and will persist for a mean of seven days before clearing up. An increased production of mucus has been observed in all known cases and will persist after other symptoms have ceased. Virulence is highest during the first five days of infection, but viral particles have been detected up to a month after exposure and foundation trials. Any time after infection, a high blood concentration of carbon dioxide will trigger production of SCP-340. When initially produced, SCP-340 is a jelly-like mucus which extrudes to cover the lower half of the face, including the nose and mouth. SCP-340 and mucus form will undergo a catalytic reaction when immersed in water and will set into a bioplastic membrane. The chemical composition of the bioplastic facilitates the data-expunged process. Although it causes SCP-340 to degrade, the process allows the host to breathe underwater. The membrane is flexible and does not inhibit the host's facial movement. Any tears or holes which develop due to mechanical stress or SCP-340 degradation will be regenerated within 30 seconds due to constant production of SCP-340. Virulence is drastically reduced in this stage, but viral particles have been detected in water samples contaminated with SCP-340. Environmental contact may still spread the infection. When SCP-340 is exposed to air, it dries into a chitinous substance, similar to crustacean shells. The water vapor trapped inside an SCP-340-sealed respiratory system is sufficient to prevent premature hardening. The hardening process also destroys its ability to data-expunged, and loss of function is irreversible after approximately two minutes' exposure to air. Once fully hardened, SCP-340 is impossible to remove without inflicting major tissue damage. It is harder than any generally known organic substance. A standard tungsten carbide drill bit required more than 15 minutes of constant use to drill a hole through 5 mm of dried SCP-340. Research is ongoing into methods for the in vitro culture and harvest of SCP-340 for use in industrial applications. Addendum 341. Circumstances of retrieval On date undisclosed, 12 students at a boarding school in the United States began to produce SCP-340 during a swimming competition. Nine died before a Foundation containment team could be dispatched to the site. Five suffocated when attempts to clear airways of hardened SCP-340 failed. Two suffocated after attempts to open alternate airways induced hardening of air exposed SCP-340 in the trachea, and two died from dehydration. On arrival, the Foundation containment team quarantined the school until the infection spread could be determined. Four additional cases were discovered who were not yet producing SCP-340. All seven were taken into Foundation custody. The team then distributed class-AM nestics and followed cover-up procedure Gimmel II, the tragic fire scenario.  Surgical removal of the host's teeth will be safer in the long run than trying to deal with abscesses, bone infection, and sepsis. Do we have a laparoscopic surgeon on staff? Dr. Cairns. Item 341 Inventory SCP-341-7 SCP-341 Caucasian Male Agent Retrieval 12 SCP-340 Production at Retrieval Positive Notes Housed at Site SCP-342 African American Male Agent Retrieval 12 SCP-340 Production at Retrieval Positive Notes Deceased Complications from surgical insertion of feeding tube SCP-343 Caucasian Male Agent Retrieval 11 SCP-340 Production at Retrieval Positive Notes Housed at Site SCP-344 Hispanic Male Agent Retrieval 12 SCP-340 Production at Retrieval Negative Notes Underwent Experimental Treatment Treatment Failed SCP-340 Production Induced Housed at Site SCP-345 Caucasian Male Agent Retrieval 27 SCP-340 Production at Retrieval Negative Notes Refused Experimental Treatment Voluntarily Induced SCP-340 Production Housed at Site SCP-346 Caucasian Male Agent Retrieval 12 SCP-340 Production at Retrieval Negative Notes Underwent Experimental Treatment Treatment Failed SCP-340 Production Induced Deceased Voluntary Self-Termination SCP-347 Caucasian Male Agent Retrieval 13 SCP-340 Production at Retrieval Negative Notes Underwent Experimental Treatment Treatment Initially Believed Successful Deceased Suffocation Due to Unexpected SCP-340 Production Item Number SCP-217 Object Class Keter Special Containment Procedures Containment Areas to be kept behind two reverse pressure airlocks Chemical Shower Sterilization Full Contained Atmosphere Hazmat Suits And 24-Hour Post Interaction Quarantine and Testing Are Mandatory for All Personnel Entering Containment Area Should Containment Be Breached The Blast Door for the Containment and Research Area will Seal And Chemical Agent ZER-217-11 will be pumped into the air Any Humans Exposed to SCP-217 are to be Contained and Held for Observation Any Items Touched by Those Affected by SCP-217 Must Be Sterilized Description SCP-217 is a Virus Incurable by Current Means With a Rate of Infectivity at 100% It Affects All Organisms in the Kingdom Animalia And can be Spread via Touch or Contact with Bodily Fluid SCP-217 is very hardy and can survive for years outside the host body The process of the infection is very slow, with some subjects going several years before manifesting any symptoms SCP-217 alters the biochemistry of organic tissue, causing organic matter to rearrange into a form of organic metal The processes involved with this change are not yet fully understood, but the advanced stages are well documented A subject will begin to turn into a complex arrangement of gears and clockwork, these taking over for the former biological functions Advanced stage infection is reported to be very painful, but earlier stages are often times unnoticed With only vague feelings of confusion, insomnia, and joint stiffness Hearts are replaced by gears and small tubes, joints by gear networks, Eyes by structures not unlike primitive hand crank film cameras, etc. SCP-217 shows first on the outside of the body in all creatures, except mammals In mammals, it first converts the internal structure before manifesting outside the body This can cause those infected to go for very long periods of time without knowing of infection SCP-217 has even been shown to totally convert the inside of the body before showing any externally visible symptoms SCP-217 has infected several major metropolitan areas in the past, most notably The mental state of those in middle to advanced stages of infection has been shown to be much diminished Subjects respond in a repetitive fashion, are very dull and mechanical in action, are easily distracted and confused And appear generally irritable when faced with new problems In addition, research on a fully converted brain has data expunged Document number 217-6 Notes on symptoms Subjects infected by SCP-217 have, at early stages, reported no major symptoms Aside from increased lethargy and a general lack of emotional response Some have reported a feeling of fluttering or moving under the skin, coupled with a persistent ticking noise This noise seems most prominent when SCP-217 infects the shoulders, neck and head However, it is inaudible if recording equipment is pressed against an affected area Initial infection of SCP-217 is, as has already been stated, almost undetectable As the infection advances, subjects will begin to feel sharp, tearing pain in areas that are being converted It has been compared to a knife wound or a deep muscle tear It can persist for hours or several days, depending on both the subject and the area affected The new clockwork organs appear to tear and rip at tissue for a short time Before becoming fully integrated and settling into the surrounding tissue And this is believed to account for the pain Areas infected appear to be metal, mainly brass, steel and iron Other substances have been reported, appearing to be leather, rubber, glass, wood and other basic materials Despite appearances, it is purely organic material and even carries the subject's DNA Organs and tissues affected appear more resilient than normal Carrying the same strength and density as the materials they resemble, instead of normal tissue density Areas damage to repair over time, but it is much slower than standard human regeneration Damaged areas can be instantly repaired by replacing damaged areas with new parts of the same type Testing has shown that there are no ill effects if parts made from normal materials Steel, wood, leather Replace the existing biomechanical clockworks Most alarming, people infected with SCP-217 can continue for months, even years without being detected With infection so easy to spread, hundreds could be affected before proper containment could be enforced Infection appears to spread most quickly in large offices, malls and other large concentrations of people Note, anything or anyone suspected or confirmed to be infected with SCP-217 is not to be allowed near SCP-882 Addendum, at this time, cross-experimentation between SCP-229 and SCP-217 is allowed, only with O5 approval For upcoming videos


So for now it's supposed to be you know the off-season just thinking maybe I can run it When I'll be somewhere else. I saw many coaches or players running their own brands Through the individuals But okay, probably I need one year to you know survey what's going on and then go Okay, okay cool. All right, perfect. So the way I would I would structure it with obviously your schedule at the moment And you could pretty much run you could do like summer training camps So you run group summer training camps Any way in between May and August Okay, so that way it doesn't really clash with your Paying and coaching And also for example if you decide to go and play basketball somewhere else You can come back to Cyprus and run those camps in that off-season period Okay, when you're talking about sorry when you're talking about comes you mean the the large the large Amount of players that was seeing running through the court or you talking about small groups It really depends. I mean some some basketball coaches we work with they run camps with anywhere between eight to ten players Some of them run camps which are bigger. So it might be 20 to 30 players. Okay


Greetings, friends at Cyber Initiative, Tokyo. I'm Audrey Tong, Taiwan's digital minister in charge of social innovation. I'm really happy to be here virtually to share with you some thoughts around digital transformation based on the questions that I have received. In the face of new lifestyles and other social changes, what did you as a minister consider necessary and what measures did you take? What measures have already been effective and what measures have not been as effective as expected and what measures are likely to be effective in the future? Well, I believe as the name of the conference shows, taking initiative is the most important. And that means that each and every citizen need to be empowered with not just the digital access, like broadband as a human rights, but also the know-how, the competence, not just literacy, of how to remix and reuse digital technologies and components. For example, as you know, last February, we began the mask rationing program. But it is the civic technologists in the GovZero GZeroV community that came up with this brilliant idea of visualizing the real-time inventory of all the pharmacies' real-time stock of masks so that people do not have to queue in vain. But this is not a relationship of procurement, but rather reverse procurement. The specification, the norm was set by the people, the social sector, and we just provided from the state the real-time open API, updated every 30 seconds as people queue in line. So this means that innovation is open and people who are not that used to interactive maps has exactly the same numbers and know-how to create, for example, interactive chatbots or voice assistants for people with seeing difficulties and so on. And this proved to be very effective as more than 100 different applications started in the first seven days of the mask rationing program which resulted in the three-quarter of our population getting access and wearing masks in a record time. And so that makes sure that our early counter-pandemic efforts last year was very, very successful and our value was controlled to be below one. Now, as for what measures were not as effective as expected, well, the top-down measures. So any sort of centralized planning we have discovered tend to disagree with reality. When we rationed out masks, we initially allocated the distribution of masks corresponding to the population distribution. That is to say, the pharmacy's availability, if you put it on a map, is almost exactly overlapping with the population census. And our initial idea was that each average citizen should enjoy exactly the same physical distance to a nearby mask that's available and that's most fair. However, soon the open-street map community discovered it was not the case because not everyone own a helicopter and the distance on the map does not translate to the time the opportunity cost that a person needs to access the nearby pharmacy. Maybe they have waited for an hour or so for a bus in the more rural areas, whereas in the more urban areas with metro, well, it's much more accessible. But because of this, they reanalyzed the real-time open API and through a parliamentary interpolation, MP Engel said to our Minister of Health and Welfare, Minister, I don't think the distribution was fair. I have the numbers to prove it. And Minister Chen simply said, Legislator, teach us. For it was because of the radical transparency, the real-time availability of API, the numbers collected by machines and published upon collection that enabled a co-creative mood, not just demonstration as opposition, but demonstration as demo. So the very next day after the interpolation, we implemented a much more fair rationing scheme along with pre-registration, pre-ordering, and so on. So these people, public, private, partnerships are the kind of measures, the model that are likely to be very effective in the future. The next question is responding to COVID-19, Taiwan used the power of civic tech to develop the app, the system that notifies pharmacy of mask inventory in a short period of time. What are some of the points that you pay attention to in terms of information security in order to make effective use of civic tech? That's a great question. You see, in Taiwan, the National Health Insurance Administration enjoys its own private network, not connected to any internet services that hosts the centralized database of all the transactions for the insurance records, and so on. And since 2003, when SARS first hit Taiwan, we very quickly learned that all the not just hospitals, but clinics, pharmacies, and so on need to connect to this virtual private network system in order to make sure that the info security is not just protected on the edge, but also protected by the network topology. So basically, the idea is very simple. On the cybersecurity layer, we ensure that there is mutual accountability. Whenever any transaction happens, there is a record of a particular pharmacy or clinic having this transaction with the National Health Card that a citizen takes with them. And so when they purchase a mask using the National Health Card, it's not just use for rationing purposes, but also for auditing and accountability purposes. And that makes sure that each and every pharmacist, clinicians, and hospitals, and so on can benefit from this penetration tested, this defense in-depth design that powers our existing national health care system. Compare that to any system that's invented during the pandemic and you will find that people do not trust new data collection points that's invented amidst a crisis because people did not have sufficient experience with its cybersecurity as well as its privacy boundaries. And so because Taiwan never declared a state of emergency, we basically held ourselves to account to only use the existing measures, existing technologies before the pandemic and repurpose them for pandemic control. And that has the dual purpose of ensuring the resilience and reliability, but also to ensure the understandability, the explainability that is at the core of participatory auditing and accountability when it comes to cybersecurity systems. The next question asks, when governments and companies work on digital transformation, there are only a limited number of people who are familiar with digital tech and there is a risk of high costs due to lock-in when relying entirely on IT vendors. What are your measures and solutions to overcome the lack of talent in your organization? As I mentioned, the open API approach makes sure that people who innovate on the front end using chatbots, augmented reality, whatever, mobile websites and so on, all these can benefit from the bedrock of the cybersecurity measures that we have put in place by the larger system integrators. But they are not in a competitive relationship because basically when procuring government systems, we can take a box and say, whatever you make available for human beings, you must also make available using the Linux Foundation open API standard to make it available to the robots. Otherwise, if a vendor does not implement universal access in terms of catering to people with seeing difficulties, of course they could be disqualified for discrimination and using the same contract language, if they do not comply to open API at a negligible cost in addition to the cost to make such systems, then they could also be disqualified for discriminating against robots. Well, we don't quite say that but that's the effect. And so because of that, the open API is the angle upon which the startup ecosystem, the civic type ecosystem can build alternate ways of experiences of interacting with people. But as I mentioned, the underlying infrastructure remains secure and so this enables us to tap into the talent of the entire society not constrained by one or two IT vendors. The next question asks, even in a democracy there is a clear risk that fake news will spread social division. What can the executive branch and media companies do to prevent social media-mediated social fragmentation? Well, in Taiwan, the media companies that covered, for example, our presidential election, worked with the schools like a middle school when the students can fact check their presidential candidates as they are doing their debates and forums to type the transcript, to check it against the sources and if they find any discrepancies, it's not just an exercise, rather it gets posted on the live stream, on the media channel on public television and so on. And so that ensures that the lifelong and basic education of media competence is not just about literacy, about understanding the news, but rather about making the news. And as for the administration, I think we need to invest in the digital equivalent of the public infrastructures like a university campus or a public park, essentially the online spaces where people can have a pro-social conversation about policies. In Taiwan, the academic network hosts the PTT, which for 25 years has been free of advertisers and shareholders, and yet it's one of the most active forums for public issue deliberation. That's the place when the Dr. Li Wenliang's message from Wuhan of the seven SARS cases in December 2019 spread to Taiwan and within just 24 hours, the people triaged the message, contributing to a pro-social investigation which resulted in we getting the advanced warnings and public inspections of the health of the flight passenger coming in from Wuhan on the very first day of 2020. So that's collective intelligence. And we also invested in the join platform, which is a one-stop platform with more than 30 million visits in Taiwan, 23 million people, it's a lot. And participatory budgeting, regulatory pre-announcements, the accounting of the national budgets and the citizens' initiatives with 5,000 people's petitions. Every two weeks, we meet face-to-face with the people who raised those issues and held collaborative meetings in an interagency fashion and so on. Of course, all of this takes investment, which is why in 2016 we classified those budgets as infrastructure budget, even though it's not made from concrete, like not concrete tangible construction. But nevertheless, we understood if we do not have the digital equivalent of the town halls and public squares, then our citizens will be forced to deliberate about policy in the digital equivalent of a nightclub, right, with a smoke-filled room. You have to shout to get her addictive drinks, private bouncers, and so on, namely Facebook. And I don't have anything against the entertainment sector. I mean, the nightclub in Taipei is open now, but I don't think that these districts, it should be the place that we hold our town hall and deliberative democracy events in. So people would like to know, in Japan, anonymous slander and fake news have become a problem in the SNS space. What is the situation in Taiwan and also what are your thoughts on this issue? Of course, in Taiwan, we do have this information and we do have the sort of information manipulation, as I mentioned, that try to interfere with the election integrity and so on on the social media. And it comes to a really high degree of intervention in 2018, but for the 2020 election, we have witnessed less influence of such campaigns on the democratic process. And the reason why is that in 2019, there was a concerted effort by the social sector, by the professional journalists and so on, to start a norm package that is to say, what is considered normal for those social media companies to do. For example, the social sector G0V, Gap Zero people a few years ago literally occupied, well, went into the National Accounting Office, the Control Yuan, and brought out the paper copies. At the time, there were no digital downloads, so just paper copies of the campaign donation expense records. And digitalization was done through the participatory optical character recognition so that the investigative journalists have the access for the first time of the structure of data of the past elections. And of course, the Control Yuan eventually changed the rules, the law, so that you don't have to download through paper OCR anymore, but rather it's published as open data. Now, in 2019, the social sector applied the same pressure to Facebook saying that the foreign-sponsored political and social advertisements needs to be banned because we also ban such foreign-sponsored campaign donations. And also, even if it's domestic source, exactly who provided which target of the messages to how many people, all these needs to be radically transparent in an open data way. And Facebook basically were faced with the implicit threat of social sanction if they do not conform to the norm that is set by the people and the public sector has already adhered to. And so that is why in the 2020 presidential election, the situation is much better and our democratic process were not in that much of a danger from the algorithmic sponsored interventions. The next question asks the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the way we do business and live, including telework. How do you see the security risks changing before and after the corona disaster? Well, in Taiwan, we've never had a lockdown in the past couple of years.  Of course, I'm a teleworking minister. I've been teleworking since 2008 and as a public servant since 2016. So sharing some personal experience, I guess, of teleworking instead of the societal thing because we've never had a lockdown is in order. So in my opinion, the teleworking in the places where it's not a satellite office but rather a cafe or at home and so on brings a very different threat model, a very different configuration. Nowadays, of course, we've seen that a more proactive way of intrusion detection are the so-called zero trust configuration of network of the privacy and cybersecurity at the edge and so on are now becoming necessary because of the teleworking configuration. But I would also like to say that a good habit like wearing mask and washing hands and social distancing, that sort of good habits is also essential when it comes to enforcing the cybersecurity rules but when people are literally in all the different spaces. So for example, if a company or a large organization adopts teleworking, it pays to make sure that the individual workers understand the difference between their personal desktop and work environment or a dedicated virtualized machine through remote desktop or some other virtualization ways. The distinction between a browser that's running locally and a browser that's running in a security-isolated environment and just streams the images to a desktop and so on and there need to be a clear delineation of when to use which kind of tools and just as that when we're in the office we make a distinction between the bring your own devices vis-a-vis the internal configuration of the intranet. We also need to make a similar distinction but in our minds when we're passing through the barrier and previously it was on the network layer so once you start using VPN, you're in the intranet but nowadays I think the entire configuration of the way we collaborate the tools that we use to video conference and so on need always to reflect this reality to make sure that when people get into a working environment this working environment adheres to the privacy and cybersecurity rules and norms in the workplace but instead of in the kind of outside environment of their own devices so habits and norm building I believe that are the most important ideas in a teleworking environment. The next question asks advanced technologies such as AI and quantum technologies can contribute to improving cybersecurity but they can also be a weapon of course for attackers how should governments and businesses deal with the duality of the advanced technologies that's a great question so I believe that the best protection against the emerging threats of emerging technologies is widespread social competence when the entire society understand how to doctor photos, how to photoshop then they become resilient against the shallow fakes that would make anonymous slanders and scam and spam and phishing and so on effective so the idea is that if each and every one person become competent in the use of AI as assistive technologies that people are comfortable of understanding the models and demanding accountability and extensibility and so on in the front line then we're not trapped in a situation where only a few percent of the elite controls the rules that governs the AI or the use of quantum and so on and the social innovators will then be able to not just hold the technologists to account but also as I mentioned demonstrate actively by demoing a better way to adapt to the actual situation in their society and therefore just resilience is enforced by the people closest to the front lines and instead of having a one top down way of regulating against all the potential threats so instead of the single system that's robust we need to have distributed decentralized social and computational systems that is resilient that is to say of course there will be threats but just like building the materials that can absorb the initial earthquake and then be resilient that is to say after earthquake very quickly recover from it we need to build similar systems when it comes to defending against the emerging threats and uses of the digital technologies the next question asks when promoting social innovation through digital technology what are the issues that need to be taken into account in terms of privacy protection for example personal data and what measures should be taken please tell us separately for the government and for the private sector so for the government I believe the point here is to trust the citizens that is to say if the citizens trust each other and would like to store data in a place that's closer to the point they trust the government should not forcibly centralize that data but should instead invest in privacy enhancing technologies such as federated learning, homomorphic encryption, differential privacy and so on that enables the data storage to not overextend or squander the trust because trust is not transitive if a person trusts a data collector and the data collector trusts a data processor it doesn't mean that the data subject automatically trusts the data processor but if we apply homomorphic encryption or other PET's then such trust is not necessary because data processor encrypted version of the data and do not need to extend their purview to the raw data that it has privacy implications so just like the building materials that I just referred to those PET's needs to be a part of the basic vocabulary of all in the public service also the National Center for High Speed Computation investigates how to speed up such computations and so on and we've made strides and breakthroughs in applying post quantum cryptography in the field of homomorphic encryption so we can use such techniques at ease even with the data that is previously too large to process this way now the private sector of course are the places where certain customers trust but if people don't trust this private sector processor of course they have competition so they can go to some other places so basically just like the idea of social responsibility of not contributing to carbon emissions so the privacy violations can be thought of as a kind of emission that externalize the negative policy to the entire society instead we need to externalize the good the best practices that you have invested in while you can share the norms if not the actual source code with everyone in your industry so that people understand the kind of PET's to use and this not only builds a better branding but actually makes the total trust to the kind of digital delivery services much higher otherwise people do not have an incentive to digitally transform their spending habits and their transaction habits so basically instead of asking for absolute trust invest in infrastructures that can make yourself and your business trust worthy the next question was about what should companies and countries do to improve eye deletioncy so the approach would be the short cut well IT connects machines but digital connects people so literacy is not sufficient when we talk about literacy is about consuming information that was like in the era of radio and television but nowadays with a smartphone each and every person is media and so they need to be competent in the way that is to say journalism as I mentioned before as well as the use of data for public good how to join a data collaborative and so on but of course such ideas data bias data stewardship are kind of abstract and very difficult to teach very time consuming to teach so the short cut will be essentially deploying the kind of high impact sources of data like air boxes in Taiwan's primary school most of the primary schools in Taiwan have air boxes that measures PM2.5 and other climate and weather related environmental sensing numbers and then contributed to a distributed ledger maintained by our national academy and so the students previously could not easily comprehend the idea of a data bias or how to maneuver the data but once they understand that the air box that they collaboratively maintain would actually inform their friends and family's choices before they go to Jog they would check the air pollution map and ensure that they only go out when it's safe to go out even large demonstrations to change our energy and other public privacy are the direct result of environmental sensing of more than 10,000 different places of such air boxes deployed and so this idea of competence is very easily making an impact to their community and therefore the incentive for the individual students to contribute and to learn more about data science and so on become very very high because they understand they can help the livelihood health the public health of the communities involved so the shortcut is to connect data collection analysis and application to something that has a high social and environmental impact capstone projects forster's competence instead of just literacy and I call this PBL purpose based learning because purpose leads to projects which leads to problems and then the skill and mindset to overcome those problems together so the next question is about what kind of IT literacy is necessary for a digital society what about information security in particular please share your thoughts on both companies and individuals so as I mentioned in companies it pays to make sure that we work together in a way that is both swift effective and safe that's to say secure and we need to begin by empowering the individual to make conscious choices on multifactor authentication on using you know privacy tabs instead of downloading the video conferencing software of choosing the routing and service providers that is cybersecurity minded as well as making sure that there's always resilience so three backups in at least two different physical spaces and so on and all these are something that a person can do as an individual so instead of the company enforcing one particular set of rules without explaining this that would be like a lockdown fatigue right people would not know the why of policymaking but rather a set of easily understood norms and spread across the individuals and citizens that I believe is the fundamental societal infrastructure for good cybersecurity habits. The next question asks on the one hand digital technology has positive aspects that enrich people's lives but on the other hand it can also be used for purposes such as surveillance and regulation as in the PRC regime so what are your thoughts on this point well yeah definitely I mean it all depends on the shape of power when I talk about transparency it's about making the state transparent to the citizens so power at the edge empowering the people's power but in the PRC when they talk about transparency it's making the people transparent to the state so that the word may be the same but the direction entirely different when I talk about AI it's always about assistive intelligence that for example like this eyeglass that aligns with my eyesight but it doesn't display like a pop-up propaganda or advertisement that I have to you know wait for 10 seconds to close it takes well I know exactly how it works I can repair it myself or I can bring it down the street for someone else to repair it but I don't have to spend years to reverse engineer it's in a workings nor should I pay 10,000 US dollars in terms of the license fee right so the point is that it's assistive technology because it empowers my own dignity as a person it connects me to other persons rather more easily but it does not replace any individual and so that is the assistive paradigm of assistive intelligence that always assists and augments the collective and connective intelligence of human beings but if we get all the power centralized in one or two single spaces well then that will become a authoritarian intelligence and so my thought is very simple basically we need to concentrate on investing in the commons that empower not just the young people but also the senior people who have a different way of interacting with the system and enable them to contribute so it's not just about machine learning it is about collaborative learning and I believe the spirit of collaborative learning is the most important in democratic societies so we can not just defend but also advance our cultures and our virtues as democratic polities well I guess we're at sign thank you for the great questions sorry I didn't have the time to go through them all however I would like to conclude by quoting my own job description which talks about collaborative learning but also about how to transform from IT based mindset to a mindset based on digital transformation goes like this when we see the internet of things let's make it an internet of beings when we see virtual reality let's make it a shared reality when we see machine learning let's make it collaborative learning when we see user experience let's make it about human experience and whenever we hear that a singularity is near let's always remember the plurality is here thank you for listening live long and prosper


The floor may not be in your old box. A few weeks back, I was looking for a new podcast to listen to. I was caught up on all my other ones, and I liked having something to listen to while walking around my neighborhood or driving to work. I ended up coming across one called, Question Marks. It wasn't too popular, but it had a decent amount of episodes, releasing weekly since 2019. The podcast's description was garbled text, ending in ASC double I art of an eye. It was weird as hell, but that only made me more interested. I've always liked the weird indie fiction podcasts, and this one seemed to fit that bill. I downloaded some episodes and started listening. The best way I can describe this podcast is welcome to night. They'll mixed with my brother, my brother and me with slightly more of a horror focus. Three hosts, Byron, Morgan and Elroy, would discuss current events and pod culture, but with an absurdist twist. The events they were discussing seemed like they came from an alternate universe. For instance, in earlier episodes made around 2019, they'd talk politics. However, in the podcast, they wouldn't discuss things like Trump or the election. Their world didn't have a president. Instead, they had a leader called, the all-seeing one, described as a tall, inky being with a head of hundreds of eyes and immense power. After saying their leader's title, they'd follow it up with a, long may he reign. I figured it was a bit combining the blow cloud, all hail, from night they'll whip political commentary about Trump's authoritarian tendencies. The show would also do ads, but they seemed like parodies of the kind of ads you'd hear in podcasts. Rather than an ad for Casper mattresses, this podcast would give you ads for crypt beds, beds so comfortable you could die in them. That tagline would be followed up by a disclaimer that crypt beds is not legally liable if someone did die in one of their beds.  It seemed like an absurdist satire horror fiction podcast, and I adored that kind of thing. What's surprising is that I couldn't find anyone else talking about it. This absolutely seems like something that have a small, but devoted, fan base. Admittedly, part of it might be because it's hard to look up. The listed title is just nine question marks in a row, and whenever the hosts say the title, it cuts to static. That's why I've been referring to it as just this podcast. Anyway, I thought it over and realized the lack of a visible fan base wasn't too weird. The big audio drama podcast boom had passed, and these days the most you'd see is the odd tumblr blog talking about Night Vale or the penumbra podcast or something. As I kept listening to the series, I got more attached to the three characters. Byron was the straight man of the group, bouncing off Morgan and Elroy. He was also a giant sweetheart who constantly talked about how much he loved his wife and two daughters. Morgan was the type to make bad puns, causing Byron and Elroy to groan. Admittedly, some of those puns didn't make sense to me, but I figured that was because they were referencing alternate universe things. Elroy was the funniest of the three, always cracking jokes and poking fun at Morgan. Over the course of the first year of the series, Morgan and Elroy would end up in relationships. It was always nice hearing Morgan gush about his boyfriend or Elroy telling funny stories about awkward dates with his girlfriend. The show would alternate between jokes and cute stories to Byron saying things like, The all-seeing one, Long May He Rain, erased the minds of a group of subversives today. I wish I could feel bad for them, but they were fools for challenging the power of the all-seeing one, Long May He Rain. The mindless husks were sentenced to eternal torture in the Bodecahedron. Anyway, let's talk about that new Marvel movie, Joker. In case you were wondering, their version of Joker is very similar to ours, except Joker is named Joseph Kerr. As I binged through the podcast and got to the episodes made in 2020, I was curious to see how they'd address the coronavirus, or COVID for short. Most every piece of media did in some way, after all. I wasn't sure if the disease, or something like it, would play a big part in the narrative, or if there'd be an offhand reference, or if the story wouldn't address it. As it would turn out, COVID wasn't mentioned at all, not even in some out-of-character intro to the podcast. Instead, the 2020 story would introduce The Heaven Sent, angelic figures who came to Earth to free the world from the all-seeing one. The Heaven Sent were defeated over the course of the year and sentenced to a gruesome fate. Their wings and limbs were eaten by rabid wolves and whatever was left of them was sent to the dodecahedron to be eternally tortured. As the series would go on, the main characters would sometimes get calls from The Heaven Sent, which consisted of screaming. The show would still discuss then-recent movies, but in a way that raised a lot of questions. Due to COVID, a lot of films got delayed. For instance, Black Widow was supposed to release in May of 2020, but got pushed back a year due to COVID. However in this podcast, Black Widow released in Universe in May of 2020, with the episode discussing it releasing around the same time. The weird thing was that the way they described the film was almost beat-for-beat what we got, with some minor weird differences, like a Joker cameo. As I listened, I wonder how they got it right. A good guess? Leaks? Whatever they did, it still seemed weird. 2021's story would be more character-focused, as the relationship between Elroy and his girlfriend Monica would blossom. Wedding plans were consistently discussed until, near the end of the 2021 story, it was revealed that Monica was a subversive. Elroy would start the episode after that revelation with- She's gone. Who's gone? Byron asked. Monica. She, she was a subversive. Her mind was erased.  He sobbed for a full minute while no one else said a word. Then, Morgan laughed. What are you talking about Elroy? Well what? Elroy asked. Who's Monica? You never had a girlfriend. That's right. Byron added. You never had a girlfriend. But? Elroy stammered. You never had a girlfriend. There was never a Monica. Byron and Morgan said in unison. I? I never had a girlfriend. Elroy said. There was a pause. Then Elroy said. Wait, why was I crying? Beats me. Morgan said. All three of them laughed, and Monica was never mentioned again. Elroy always seemed a bit off going forward though. Jesus, that was a gut punch of an episode, I thought. I still loved it, and decided to introduce this podcast to my friend Bale. Bale moved away a year back, so we've been keeping in touch through Discord. I told him about this podcast, and said he should listen to it. He responded that he couldn't find anything on it. I sent him a link to it, and he said. Dude, this is just an error page. He even sent a screenshot to prove he wasn't kidding. Weird. I said I'd try and find some other way to get it to him. In the meantime, I kept binging it. 2022 began a storyline where the All-Seeing One attempted to go to and conquer a new universe. To do that, he needed more power. This led to an arc in which various scientists try to give the All-Seeing One that power. None of their methods work, dooming the scientists to horrific fates. This story arc actually continued into 2023, with the revelation that to give the All-Seeing One enough power, everyone in the world needed to sacrifice something or someone close to them. Byron gave up his daughters, Morgan gave up his boyfriend, and Elroy said. I have nothing to give up. Inside me is only emptiness. What is there to give but myself? The All-Seeing One would end up taking those people and crossover into a new universe while Byron and Morgan acted like none of them ever existed. According to them, the podcast always had two hosts, Byron never had kids, and Morgan was always single. The final most recent episode started off differently. Byron said, It. It's gone. That monster. That nightmare. It left. We're free. We're free. He'd keep repeating those last two words until he broke down crying. It took Elroy. We lost our friend to that, that thing. I gave it my daughters. He sobbed. It ripped my heart out, and I let it. You couldn't help it. Morgan said, It made us. We had no choice. You know what it'd do if we didn't. Byron still sobbed. He cried for five straight minutes. It didn't sound like acting. It sounded genuine. It was haunting. I can still see it. Byron said, In my head. That inky body. That head of eyes, always watching, always staring into my goddamn soul. I go to bed, and I see it in my nightmares. It tells me that it will be back, that we'll never be free. We are free. Morgan said, It's gone. I don't think it's ever coming back. I don't think it could. I just worry about the poor bastards in whatever universe it ended up in. And with that, question marks ended. That last episode came out a couple of weeks ago, and as far as I can tell that was it. The thing is, ever since that episode, I've been having these weird nightmares. I see this thing.  Its head though, its head was its strangest part. Every inch of its head was covered in eyeballs. There were hundreds of them, and I could feel every single one of them staring at me. Last week, while I was walking around my neighborhood, I thought I saw it out of the corner of my eye. A couple of days ago, while I was driving to work, I couldn't sworn I saw it in my rear view mirror for a brief second, sitting in the back seat of my car. Yesterday, while I was shaving, I knew I saw it in the mirror for just a moment, standing behind me. Today, I tried finding that podcast again. It wasn't on my podcatcher, and I found no trace of it anywhere. I asked Dale about it, and he said he had no idea what I was talking about. I checked our Discord conversation, and saw that none of the messages I sent him about it were saved. It's like we never talked about it, like none of it was real. Did I imagine this? There was no way. I couldn't imagine anything that vivid for weeks on end. Yet how else could no one but me know about it? How come I could find nothing about it online? How come I'm the only one who can see that, that thing? I started typing this up, just trying to get my thoughts down. Writing's always been a way for me to calm myself. So far, it's working. In the black and white of a word doc, everything seems so logical. Maybe this podcast really was a dream, or a hallucination, or stress, or weight. As I type these words, I catch a glimpse of myself in my laptop's screen. Behind me, I see it. That inky black body. Those hundreds of eyes, staring into me. It's not going away like the other times. It wants me to know it's there. I turn around. It's standing behind me, real as can be, looming over me like a shadowy Titan. Its eyes bore into me, staring into my entire being, and reading my soul like a book. The only sound I can hear other than the furious pounding of my heart is the subtle drip drip drip of its inky body. It's here. It's real. It came to our universe through me, through that podcast. It came to conquer. It can't be stopped. It won't be stopped. The all-seeing one is here. Long may he reign.


Okay, continuing right where we left off last time. Once again, all this week we're focusing on the basics of working in the shell, working in the terminal. Today, we're going to be playing with files and folders, or folders and files, however you want to say it. Quick, quick, quick review. We got stuff on the screen here. If we want, we can hit control L to clear it, or type the word clear and hit enter. Let's go, we'll print the output that you put in to the screen. We can redirect that to a file with the greater than, or greater than, greater than to append to a file. Give it a name, and then I also want to know over other stuff, in our tutorials, be sure to check out the playlist, watch the other videos if you're lost already, because that was just a quick review on some simple stuff. So now let's get looking into changing to different directories, folders, changing with, or viewing what's inside folders, getting information about those, and creating new folders. So right now, we're in a folder. The folder is in our temp folder, and it's another folder or directory called tutorial. Right now, there should be, I believe, three files in this folder from the one we just created. And two from the previous tutorial. The way we can see what is inside this folder, while we're in this folder, is we can type in the LS, which stands for list, a little list, what's inside that directory. We will hit enter, and we can see an output here of the three different files. Depending on how your system's set up, these might be color coded. That's great. Some systems have that set up by default. Others not. You might have to do it yourself. My system actually does, but I'm actually in a different shell than I normally use for these tutorials, because I just wanted to go back to the basics here. But we got three different files here that we've created. They're all text files. Once again, we can cap them out, either one at a time. So here's another thing I wasn't planning to teach you. If you have a cursor, you can double click, and by default, in most Unix environments, if you center click, which on most mice is your scroll wheel, if you click it down, that will paste. That's not just in a terminal. If you're working in Linux, that's pretty much everywhere. That may be true for other operating systems as well, Mac OS maybe, I'm sure with like BSD and other operating systems, it's probably too. Anyway, if you're working on Linux and you have a cursor, you should be able to double click to highlight or drag to highlight, and then center click to paste it. And it just gave me that, because I got all of this, which is a new line, so I thought I hit enter there. I'm going to hit control L to clear the screen, but once again, LS to list, and that just gives you a basic list. You can give it other options here, LS-L will give you a list view, which gives you some more information. Down over here to the right, you can see the name of the three files. You can see when that file was modified right here. Modified last. I'm completely not sure what that number is, and then there's other stuff here that I'm not really going to get into, but it's permissions, owner, group of that file. So oh, I know what this is, this is the size in kilobytes here. So we're going to hit LS-L again, and if we hit A, that will show you everything, including hidden files, which in a Unix-like environment, you create hidden files by naming them with a dot, a period at the beginning of the name, just a little tad information there. So we get a little more information here, basically the same information for those three files, but it also tells you the directory above where we're at, information about that, and the directory in what, you know, about that. So we also have, once again, this is kilobytes here. Let's make that a little bit easier to read, especially if you're working with big files. We can add another option here. So I hit up arrow to go back to the last command, LS-LA for list all, now I'm going to add H, which means human, human readable, we're going to hit enter there. So I know I said kilobytes earlier, didn't I? These are in bytes, yes, those are in bytes, H will make it show it in kilobytes or megabytes or gigabytes, depending on the size of the file, because you get into larger file sizes, and this number is going to get pretty big, and you're going to be like, oh, I'm trying to figure out, because there's no commas, what it is, the dash H will make it what's called human readable. So in this case, you're like, oh, we got 12,288 bytes, and human readable says, yeah, that's 12 kilobytes kind of rounds for you. So we've looked at what's in our files with the list command. Let's create a new directory. So let's say we want to create a new directory, a new folder within the folder we're in, I can say mkdir, so mkdir, make directory, and then give it the name of a directory. Now you can just type a name like newdir, newdir, yeah, anyway, and hit enter. And if we list now, you can see newdir is in there. And again, if you have color coded, it might be a different color than the other files. If I ls-l to list, you'll see here newdir, and it begins with a dash, with a d over here instead of a dash, that means it's a directory. Now you might say, oh, why didn't you name it newdir? Well we can name it that. You really, really, it's bad etiquette to put spaces in file names or folders, but if you really wanted to, you can put it inside quotations, that's one way of doing it. I hit enter now, and I list. You can see we have newdir here. It's kind of a little confusing just right here, it's like, wait, are these two separate files or one file? Because they're separated, it also, when you're scripting, it can cause headaches if you have spaces in file names or folders, so just avoid it. But if you must, just use quotations around it. So that we've created two new directories, let's say we wanted to change into one of those directories. We can use the cd command, change directory, and I'll say new d, and I'll hit tab, once again to autocomplete, and I'll hit enter. Now as you can see here, I am inside the directory. Now you're not always going to get a nice little prompt like this, but on most modern systems if it isn't like a stripped down, very basic system, you will get, it will show you what folder you're in. If it doesn't, and you're curious as to what folder you're in, you can do pwd, which I always say present working directory, but that's not right. I'm going to go with present working directory, I know that's wrong. Just remember it will show you what you're in, so pwd, and you can see the output is the directory you're in. Let me show you, let's say we want to go back to the folder we were in. Now we can either type out the whole thing, cd, forward slash temp, forward slash tutorials, and I can tab autocomplete to get there, or we can just do cd dot dot. Dot dot means go up one directory, go up one folder, hit that, and you can see I went back up one folder. I can do that again, dot dot, and now in my temp folder, I can go cd to change directory, and go into tutorial, and hit enter, and now I'm back into that tutorial folder. I'm able to do that because it knows that the tutorial directory I'm talking about is the one within the folder I'm in. If you're in another folder somewhere, so let's say I'm inside this new dir folder, and I say cd tutorial, and hit enter, it's going to go, what are you talking about? That directory doesn't exist. I don't know, I mean that folder can be anywhere on the system. It's not in the folder you're in, because if I list, you can see nothing. There's nothing. I'll do it again with a clear screen. List, nothing in this directory. So I can't change into a directory in this directory if it isn't there. So once again I can type out the whole thing, temp tutorial, or just cd dot dot to move up a directory. So let's see. We've viewed what's inside the directory in a few different ways. We've created a directory. We've moved to that directory. I think that's good for today. We'll end its tutorial there. Once again, I thank you for watching these basic tutorials. We as an eye, and I'm going to be posting new videos all this week, pretty much every day on just basic shell commands. I'm working in a bash shell, but most of these things will work the same or at least similar in other shells. Bash is probably the most common currently. Not saying it's the best. It's actually not what I actually use for my everyday work anymore. I used to. And now someone's going to ask what I've been using. I've been using Z shell. So but I'm using bash in these tutorials just because that's the most common. And most things are going to be pretty similar when it comes to the basic stuff. So thank you for watching. Visit my site, filmsbychrist.com. That's Chris at the Cab and doing tutorials for years. So if you're new to this, go there. I've got a lot of tutorials, a lot of them are going to be over your head. But I try to explain things simply. But I also have a lot of basic stuff too. Everything should be in playlists. And I have tutorials on other programming languages and just other stuff in general. So check that out. I thank you for watching and I hope that you have a great day.


Hi, I'm Matthew Horky. Hi, I'm Shruin Tan. Welcome to... Croatian wine is 60 seconds. Today, we're going to introduce master-rated Malvazia Estusca wines. Malvazia is an excellent grape for making master-rated wines. Also known as Orner's Wines. The sweet heat of the grape offers fantastic flavors and refreshing tannins to the wine. The Kabola Malvazia Estusca Amphora is master-rated and fermented in Amphora. Think of these wines as bigger white wines with just a touch of tannins. What I love about Malvazia Estusca is an orange wine. It's the floral aromas, the peach almond notes and just the hint of bitter-flour finish. The Ferrata and Brow offers tropical fruit flavors, little bit of citrus and an undertone of green herbs. Just know that when you're drinking master-rated Malvazia, you should expect relatively high alcohol, juicy mouthfeel and a little touch of bitter sweet tannins. Master-rated Malvazia Estusca is a trademark of Croatian Istria and there are a number of excellent examples to be found. And that's Croatian wine in 60 seconds. Thanks for watching.


If community transmission takes off in New Zealand, the number of cases will double every five days. If that happens unchecked, our health system will be inundated, and tens of thousands of New Zealanders will die.