Good morning and welcome to this week's edition of Encompass Live. I am your host, Krista Burns here at the Nebraska Library Commission. Encompass Live is the Commission's weekly online event. We are a webinar. You can call us that. We won't be offended by it. Where we cover anything that may be of interest to librarians. We have a variety of library topics and activities on the show. Interviews, mini-training sessions, demos, basically anything library related, we are happy and want to have it on the show. The show is free and open to anyone to watch.  We do the live show every Wednesday morning at 10 a.m. Central Time. But if you're unable to join us on Wednesdays, that is okay. You can always go to our website, as I said, and see the recordings of all our shows going back to the very beginning, which was January 2009 when we started. So, yeah, we're in the start of our sixth year of doing this. Do the math, it's a long time. So, we have the Nebraska Library Commission staff sometimes come on and do shows, and we do bringing guest speakers as we have this morning. And sitting next to me is Caroline Dow, who's from just down the street. She walked up through the snow this morning from Lincoln City Libraries and the Poly Music Library there. And she's going to share with us what the library is all about, what it does, and about music librarianship in general and what she's doing there at the library. So, I will hand over to you, Caroline, take it away. Thank you, Christa. It's really my pleasure to be here. I feel like I have the most perfect job for me. I can't imagine doing anything else. I love being a music librarian. And so, it's going to be fun for me to share a little bit about music libraries and music librarianship and especially international music librarianship and my activities. I know that was one of the things that caught our attention was that part of the conference that you went to that I know you're going to talk about in a bit. Before I get started on the slides and talking about the Poly Music Library specifically, I dug up a definition of music librarianship from the music librarianship, music library association, which is the American library organization for music librarians. What is a music librarian? A music librarian is a librarian qualified to specialize in music. A broad musical background is essential for music in any style, and the medium or era can find a place in a library. Aptitude and training in both music and librarianship are necessary. And what do music librarians do? The traditional responsibilities of librarians are at the heart of most music librarians' activities. I'm a librarian, but I get to deal in music, which is really fun. The Poly Music Library is a public music library. That means it's basically a music department in a public library. Most public libraries have music in their collections, but have a section or they at least have a few song books. They have some books about composer biographies. We have some CDs, but the Poly Music Library is all music. It's a fairly small collection being somewhere between 12,000 and 15,000 cataloged books and scores. And then, of course, there are the CDs. We also have archival collections. We have music magazines. In fact, if you look in this slide, you can see just on that book truck at the bottom left, there's some CDs, there's books, there's a score. Just a little bit of everything. A whole mish-mash of formats. Poly's been around for a while, and so the slides that I found are going to vary. And so I did try to at least date them as best as I could. The blue shelves are the same from the beginning. And we're pretty full, which means like public libraries, we have to weed. Many music libraries and academic institutions don't necessarily weed or they remove things to off-site storage. Lillian Helms Polly left her estate and trust for a music library for the citizens of Lincoln. She lived a very long life. She taught music both at the university and privately and had no children. And we're very fortunate that she left the funds to allow us to have a music library, which means Polly is not tax-supported even though we are in the public library. So it still is keeping it going. We are funded from the endowment and another music teacher in town a couple years ago established another fund, another endowment through the library foundation. So we have... I don't think that's actually generating money that we can use yet, but for the future. Lillian also had basically paid for the space where the Polly music library is. She provided the matching funds for an LSCA grant that paid for an expansion of Bennett Martin Public Library before the music library was established by quite a few years. But she got her space in the library. I was hired in 1981 to create the new Polly music library. It was the first public music library established in the U.S. in about 20 years. And so it was something very special. We wouldn't have it without Lillian Polly. But it was fun to create the library and had to start with getting a few materials and then shelving and even that card catalog back in that picture. That shows a little variety of the types of scores that we had. We have chamber music, we have solo music, piano, vocal scores. We actually have a sheet music collection that has been built entirely through donations. It's basically popular sheet music sheets. Over 12,000 titles. And it is now considered a research quality collection. And that's part of archival materials. And it's not catalogued. 1982, when we opened to the public, we had stacks. They had books on them. There was still a little bit of space. By 1993, there was no space. And from about then on, we had to get it. We had to start reading just to make sure that we had room for new materials. In that slide, you can see, we had a computer system. In 1987, yes. We had the one I started in libraries. Yeah. We went online in 1987.  It worked. But it worked. We had magazines.  Those are actually coming back. Yeah, they are. Those are selling everything you can get and buy turntables in places like Best Buy, yes. And in the foreground, you can see a display case that has sheet music in it. That's one of the things that we use it for, displays to promote poly, get people seeing things, songs that they remember, and get them into the collection. Oh, that's good. We had traditional magazine shelving. But we needed that space for books. So we've been trying a variety of things. And now we just simply have magazines and a plexiglass rack, several titles to a slot. People have to hunt. But we have the magazines. And they find for about 25 years or so. We had a reference desk. You can see staff there at the desk. But I blew up the reference desk. I actually attended the program session that was held about doing other things and not being confined by the desk. And I think it was called blowing up the reference desk. And that kiosk works beautifully. I can bring customers around to show them what's on the screen. And I'm not just simply seated at a desk. I can move throughout the collection. I can work on cataloging in my office and step out to be with the customers. Makes it much more open and welcoming, I think. And more interactive. And it takes so much less space. Yeah, we need the space, definitely. We are fortunate that we're still able to buy materials. Our budget is based off of the income from the trust. And it varies. But we've been able to continue to purchase new materials. And that's critical for any library. One of the neat things that we have is that MIDI keyboard. And we have Finale on that computer. That computer actually gets used primarily as a CD listening station. But we do have the software on it. And people can sit down and notate what the music in their head would work on arrangements. That sort of transitions to some of our online services. We've had our Poly Music Library web page for more than a decade. It's definitely time that we rework it. But it's there. It works. It gets customers to where they can find our online resources. One of which is that Musicable Nebraska. Poly was very fortunate from 2004, 2005, and 2006 to have digitization grants through LSTA and the Nebraska Library Commission. The first one was the Musicable Nebraska project. And we do have a display of those materials on our website, annotated author catalog thumbnails. We even have some lesson plans, historical background for the pieces. Those pieces are also in Nebraska Memories. And the materials from our other digitization projects are also in Nebraska Memories. We do have access to streaming music for our customers through Alexander Street Press' music online databases. And it's available several places through the Poly website, right? Lincoln City Library's list of databases. So anybody with a Lincoln City Library's card can access these from home. It is streaming, not downloadable. I put out an irregular newsletter of often new titles of things that I've added. Sometimes I do topical book lists. And they're available through an email book list that people can sign up for. And they're also on the Poly page. And there was an icon down at the bottom. And they're available through the Lincoln City Library's books, music, and more book lists pages. And thanks to a donation from the Musical Art Club of Lincoln, we, Poly, is now buying some music downloadable ebooks. And they're accessible through the Lincoln City Library's pages. And of course, we have a link on the Poly page. Probably the thing we're best known for other than our collection is the specialized music reference and research services. We help customers from all over the, actually all over the world with their music information needs. Just last week, I helped a customer who needed information about someone who was in the Music of Old Nebraska project. And I was able to get him that, but then I went and did further research and answered back. That was just, just exactly what he was looking for. I've had helped customers look for music that might have been used at a wedding in the Oregon Territory in the 1840s. Oh, wow. We have some old hymnals. And I was able to find a hymnal from the 1840s of a denomination that would have been in the Oregon Territory and found a wedding hymn. And one of the fun questions, a little strange was about the death of a metropolitan opera tenor when he was in Lincoln. Supposedly going to perform with a touring, the first touring company after the Second World War. They were doing Flater Mouse in English and it was going to be at the, I believe at the University Coliseum, but he died before the performance. And there's a researcher researching that whole tour and she, because the lead tenor died in Lincoln, she did contact me to see if I had any information. And I was able to come up with some. And the, it was interesting to see that the death had been withheld until after the performance. And so one of the papers in town was, why did they withhold this information? Was it just to notify his wife? They want people to still come to the perform. And was it a cover-up? It's just as calm or actually more common for people to come in looking for song lyrics, looking for the third and fourth verses in German of Silent Night at Christmas time. And various pieces in specific arrangements, specific keys, but it runs the whole gamut of things. And some of them do actually, or a lot of them do take a knowledge of music to be able to assist the customer. When we were founded, we knew we were going to be a statewide resource and actually a regional resource. So how can we serve you? Probably the most common way would be through interlibrary loan of our music materials. If you happen to be in the Pioneer Consortium, you can probably just see in the catalog what we have, get an OCLC number and go order it. Otherwise, you can contact us to see if we have something or find it through OCLC. I'm really happy to help with reference assistance and some libraries have sent questions to me. And I'm usually able to answer or at least point in the right direction. We can help with locating music materials to meet your customer's needs. They might not be in polyp. They might be someplace else. There might be a digital copy of something online that will serve your customer's needs that it just takes the right way of searching or a different way of searching to find. I was able to locate a song in a specific key for a customer embedded in a library catalog in Australia. And I knew to look because of my involvement in YAML, that I'd heard about their digitization projects. So that's coming up. But you never know where you're going to find things these days. And a lot of stuff is online, but it's where you look and how you look. And maybe the thing online isn't what you need. You need a paper copy. And we also help the state through on the best memories participation, I think. Definitely keep building that collection up for anything in the state on all topics. And that Nebraska Memories actually has a nice range of archival materials in them. At least browsing through the collections there show the types of items we have anyway. If you're looking for pictures of the Lincoln Boys Choir, you'll find it. Some historical programs. In case anyone is wondering, we've been talking about the Poly website, the web page in Nebraska Memories. All the links that are being mentioned during the show will be available in the show notes afterwards. I've been putting them into our delicious account, so we'll be able to have a quick link to them afterwards. Thank you. Actually, let's go back one. One thing I don't have slide for is the future of Poly. And as Lincoln is discussing a new lean library, I want to reassure our listeners that Poly will have a place in any new lean library. In fact, we may have the opportunities for new services or getting into the 21st century. I think we're doing a decent job, but we may be able to do it better. There's always something you can do different. So, Poly will be in the new lean library. Even when? Yes. Don't hold your breath. We don't know what's happening. But because that is being discussed in the library community. Well, the community of Lincoln at large. The trust that Lillian set up will keep it going. Even though Lillian created the space word, the music library is not tied to that space, specifically. Just somewhere that needs to be used for it. In music librarianship, there are two major music library associations, at least from the American view. There is the Music Library Association, which is the American organization. It was founded in 1931, four years early in my career. I was very active in the Music Library Association. And I'm still a member. I'll be attending the conference later this month. But I'm no longer as active as I used to be. Because my focus, oh, 20 years ago, shifted to the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centers, or YAML for short. It's a member of IFWA and the International Music Council and a whole bunch of other organizations. There used to be a YAML-US, which was the American branch. Except three or four years ago, it merged with the Music Library Association. So now the Music Library Association is the American branch of YAML. That makes sense. And almost all the members of YAML-US were members of the Music Library Association. There's just a smaller group with an international focus. I was invited to my first YAML conference in Ottawa, Canada, 1994, so 20 years ago, to present a paper on the Poly Music Library in a session on North American Public Music Libraries. Trying to show the variety that there was in organization collections and what they do. I loved it. It was so much fun. And I felt so welcomed. Before I got registered, I was walking from the hotel to the university where I was going to register. And the YAML president stopped me on the street, welcomed me to YAML, said how wonderful he thought that I could come and hoped that I would have a wonderful conference. I mean, how many conferences does that happen? You know, maybe we need to do that for a conference and make sure everybody's welcomed. Anyway, Ottawa, my paper went very, very well. And I decided, yeah, I had a good time in Ottawa, and it was close enough that I could afford to go. But the next year was going to be in Elton, Denmark. Yeah, it was way easier to get to from here.  I decided that I had such a good conference in Ottawa, I would try going to Denmark. I had a wonderful conference there, too. And again, I felt very welcomed. People from the national libraries were willing to talk to me. And, you know, nobody was out of, above where they would talk to other people. Yeah, it was such a welcoming, friendly organization. And I learned so much that I decided I'd go the next year. And were you presenting all the time? I presented in Ottawa, and then I presented again in Perugio. I'm over on the right. I would have to say I did a very forgettable paper there. But it also was a wonderful conference, and I learned so much. And not only they had been welcoming before, but in 1996 I was elected Secretary of the Public Libraries very much, or YAML. So then I had to go to the next several. So I was hooked on YAML. You'll see that the United States hosted in 2002. And I was registered for that conference, and I was planning, and as a YAML U.S. board member and a board member for the YAML Public Libraries Branch, I had a lot of responsibilities for that. But I ended up getting sick and couldn't go with the last minute. That's why it's in prison. But I went pretty steadily from 1994 to 2005, skipped a year. And in Sydney, we met at the Sydney Conservatorium. I presented a paper on Polly's digitization projects. And that went fabulous. And every digitization project that somebody presents a paper on is another possible resource when we go to help our customers. You find out that they have something there that we made answer someone's question here. But 2007, the economy does play a role. And YAML was one of those organizations where I then missed a few years. And they welcomed me back as if I hadn't ever been gone. So in Dublin, 2011, we were at Trinity College. And I presented a paper on Tim Pan Ailey Irish music from the Polly sheet music collection. And so it was basically a research paper built around sheet music in the Polly collection. And again, it went fabulously. And I was really glad I went. Again, it was a fantastic conference. And I learned so much. Okay, it's in Montreal the next year. North America again, easier to get to. And in Montreal, I was elected chair of the YAML Public Libraries Branch. So even though I'd been gone a few years and just come back with... You can stay involved and connect with people as you met them from before. And enough other people because of the world economic crises during the years I was gone had also been gone. And so YAML is an organization where you can come and go. How big is the conference? How many people attend? The lowest number was 99 in Wellington, New Zealand. But it usually is 300 to 400. Nice, not bad. So a nice size conference. Last year was Vienna. That happens to be the Musikverein. We had our conference sessions at the University of Vienna. But we had our concert. One of our concerts was at the Musikverein. And the other one was at a concert hall in Schoenbrunn Palace. Again, just fabulous conference. One of the neat things about the YAML conferences is that we have library visits. Visits to all sorts of libraries. In Vienna, the Vienna City Library in the Rathauser City Hall is a research library. But they also have the public library, which this is the branch that has the major music collection anyway. It's on top of a subway station. And on the rooftop is a cafe. And several floors of library. But just simply seeing how other people are doing the same, basically the same things that we're trying to do can give one ideas. And YAML is also good for discussing issues. That if you're having an issue, probably somebody else is having that same issue. However, in Copenhagen, I haven't heard of any other library where the whole of the audio visual collection was stolen one night. Oh, wow. And they believe that it was probably taken out to sea immediately and gone. There's no way to prepare for something like that. But I mean, that certainly got us talking about theft of collections and collection security. Yeah, that's crazy. And that's not always a topic. A little here and there, you know, one thing about something will go missing, but not an entire collection, yeah. A typical YAML conference day doesn't officially start until nine o'clock in the morning. But sometimes there are breakfast meetings, but there's papers, then there's a coffee break in exhibits, more papers, and there's working meetings. There's lunch and committee meetings, papers, coffee break and exhibits, papers or library visits, and then concerts or receptions. So it's a full day. And at a reception, very likely it's going to be some place where they're going to give you a tour. Right. So if it's... Very common to many library conferences, except we get the concerts. Yeah. That's some cool things to be specific to this. What I've done in YAML, I've of course attended a whole bunch of conferences. I've done some papers. I've been an officer. I've been on committees. And right now I'm involved in an informal social media policy discussion group. And I'm learning so much just from the discussions that we're having. And it's being done via a Wiki. Probably the first thing you have to do to be involved is show up. But in every library organization that I'm a part of, they're looking for people to do things. Always. And if you have an interest, say so. I've had so much fun in YAML. And I've met so many people. I've used my contacts in a variety of ways. Library issues around the world really are pretty much the same. But I've certainly gotten an appreciation for our situation here that we do have funding. Not everybody. I mean, even when we lose funding, our situation is not anywhere near as dire as in many parts of the world. And that's probably lucky that way, yeah. And a chance to see and hear about how other libraries do things. And then reference assistance for my own customers. There was a question I got about a Swiss dialect folks on. I certainly couldn't provide an accurate translation at that point. I really didn't have any idea of how to go about finding information.  This was several years ago. But there was a colleague in Switzerland. And I was able to forward the question to the colleague in Switzerland via email. And he was able to provide all the information that the customer needed in a fairly timely fashion. It's pretty easy to contact Polly on the department's email address is Polly at LincolnLibraries.org. There's the telephone number. We get mail. And you can even like us on Facebook. Yep, I have already. Look at that. I couldn't remember. Oh, why don't you go back and put the, yeah, leave that up for now. Oh, thank you. I do. I did have some questions that came in. Oh, yeah. So we can definitely go to those. That was very interesting. Here in Lincoln, we always hear about the Polly Music Library. It's something, you know, obviously we're hearing the library donations with Nebraska memories. We're talking about it. But don't always know what it's all about, what it's music. But the specifics of what kind of things are there. We always know, like you're saying, looking up, what does a music librarian do? What's it all about? So questions we have to have come in mainly about actually Polly's collection. What you guys do here. Okay. That some about the software that you had. You had the finale finale. How often are you able to update it? Does it have regular? We actually have not updated finale since we put it on that machine. Okay. It is something that we will probably available. I don't know how often it is. It really doesn't get updated terribly often every couple of years. But it's the version that we have, I believe, is the version that they use at LPS. Okay. So the students that are coming to the library, they have the same thing to work with. That makes sense. And it's interesting. Have you used anything like query by humming programs to help patrons? Apparently, programs that someone can hum a tune and see if it, is that something that's ever been. No, we do have the whole time that Polly has been in existence. We have had named this tune. Questions. Of course. Yes. I haven't used any of the online humming queries.  One of the things, one of the ways that we can help customers, if we can't figure it out ourselves, is to put it on one of the Music Library Association mailing lists. Like MLAL. And we would simply go ahead and then notate what we had heard with names of the notes. And does anybody else recognize it? Yeah. Question. Have you had any copyright issues? What kinds of copyright issues have you come across in your reference work? I'm not sure what they mean with copying the music or recordings or anything like that. I'd say most of the use that people have made of the collection would fall under fair use. Occasionally, if someone wanted to make emptying copies of something to perform it in their choir, we'd probably step in and say this may be under copyright. So you're aware of what you're doing, though we aren't trying to be the copyright police. We can just warn them and say you might not want to be doing that. There's other ways to get that same thing. That virtually everything that we have checks out. And so they don't necessarily have to be copying it in the library. Right. You don't know what they're doing. We don't know with it. And that's not anything we can do anything about. Anyways, yeah. We have no idea. And we have books on music copyright and music licensing. So if people are interested and want to delve into it further, we have material available because we also are not lawyers. No, that's a key thing. A lot of librarians about any topic. I can give you some information and stuff, but no, we are not lawyers and we're not going to pretend that we can give you that. And so simply saying it may be under copyright. It appears. But we can't even necessarily give a definitive answer on that. Right. There's a copyright notice down on that page. Right. And you can tell them here's how you might want to figure this out for yourself where you might want to go to research and see what the status is of this particular item. Yeah. And we've had authors who wanted, who come to us to see if they can track down who they would get permission from to use a quote. And so we'll go track, try to track down publishers and tracing publishing companies can be a little tricky. But at least if they've got, if someone's gotten to that stage, they do know that they usually know that they need to get permission. And the last question we have is actually I was wondering about two and you mentioned it. You said that your sheet music collection is not cataloged. Certainly not in the catalog. So how do you find what people need? How do you get through it? It is in an access database. It actually was started in an R-based database, which was a relational database way back when. And there's a variety of ways of searching to find things. But if we probably verify the title first before we start looking. So that's an, that's just an in-house thing. So somebody wanted to search that they'd have to either come to the library or contact you. It's not connected to the online catalog. It's not collected to the media. Is that just too much to try and get into there? I'd say the clock. The catalog may be built for it. Everything could be cataloged. But it takes staff time. Staff time takes money. And it's not a priority. So we thought of going for grant. In fact, we had tried getting a grant. I don't know how many years ago, but we didn't get the grant and it would have taken a tremendous amount of time to get, if you're cataloging 12,000 titles. Yeah, that's a huge project. It's a huge project. And I don't know if somebody is doing that as their only job. That's going to take a long time. Yeah. How many other staff either that are specifically for the poly? Is it just you or who you have? At this point, it's just me. Oh, okay. Throughout the history of poly, the number of staff has varied anywhere from, well, one me. Two to five people basically for the first 25 years. Okay.  If anybody does have any other questions or comments or anything you want to share, go ahead and type them into the questions section of your go to webinar interface. We can grab them. We still have like 10 minutes left. Is there anything else that you wanted to always see if anybody has anything else coming in? Well, the upcoming animal conference is in Antwerp. And you're going? Yes, I will be going. I have program sessions to run and committee meetings. Right. Well, you're the chair of the US Public Library branch. And the year after that is in New York. Oh, nice. So that will actually provide an opportunity for some American music library. It's a lot more to look into it. Yeah. It is going to jump all over the world, which is nice being international that they are really sticking to that. We will go anywhere and have this conference will be anywhere we possibly can. And the attendance is usually fairly heavily with people, the librarians from that general area. It might not be just that country, but it might be surrounding countries, right? But people attend oftentimes their first normal conference is fairly nearby. And then if they get hooked, yeah, they are willing to go a little farther. I do want to say that I do. It's privately funded. And so I'm not using tax funds. I am not using library funds for attendance. That's good, you know, some people are doing. Yeah. Do you have any like special events or anything coming up that Polly's doing? Do you like programs and things? We occasionally do programs that I don't have anything lined up this spring. There's lots of things going on at the library. There's also a lot of musical performances that are sponsored by it for the youth. And a lot of them are certainly appropriate for all age. Oh yeah. Taiko drummers. They're, yeah, they are advertised to the teen or the children. But I know a lot of parents go along because they want to see it too. All right. Well, it doesn't look like any other urgent questions have come in while we've been talking. So I guess that would be, nobody has anything else I needed to ask you about on here, but they have your contact information. So obviously if they do anything else you want to ask, that's how you can contact Carolyn or anything about the Polly itself or what you're doing with the international library groups and the other library. Anything else you want to say to wrap up or just thank you for coming and listening. Yeah. This is one of our staff here at the commission that suggested that we get you guys have you on the show to share what's going on over there. So I'm glad they did. And I'm glad we're able to get you here, especially on this snowy day that we just had. I know lots of other areas in the country are way worse than we are today. But we did have a storm last night and street cleaning is still progressing, but we both made it downtown to like a city's and here's mission. So we were able to do this, not a problem. So thank you very much. Thank you. And thank you, everyone, for coming in this morning. The show is being recorded, so it'll be available afterwards if you want to watch it later. I've got Carolyn's slides, too. So the slides will be available.  And any of the websites that were mentioned, the Polly Library, the Music Associations, their Facebook page, I've been collecting all of those. So you'll have access. You'll have those as well afterwards to quickly be able to access and look up. So that we will wrap it up for this morning at our Encompass Live page. And the archive when the recording is done, it will be on our page right down here below all of our upcoming sessions. We have a link to our archive and Encompass Live sessions. So you can go there and it will bring you the recordings of all of our previous shows are here. So that's where you'll be able to watch that or watch anything that you may have missed. And I'll hopefully join us next week when our topic is succession planning, a board and staff responsibility. Jamie LaRue, who's formerly with the Douglas County Colorado Libraries, who's a director there and just the end of last year. Left there is going on his own, his own consulting group that he's doing. So he's going to be on talking about succession planning when you need to bring in a new director. Something you think about before it happens, not after it's happened and figure out what you want to do. So definitely sign up for that episode and any of other future ones we have on our calendar. We have quite a few topics coming up in the next couple of months. Hastings Public Library has Google Glass, that's what that one is about, password management and security. All these credit card things going on, definitely an important topic. Our regular summer reading program session, Sally Snyder is our children's and young adult coordinator here. She'll be doing a session on what's coming up for that. So definitely take a look at our different episodes, sign up for them. And Encompass Live is also on Facebook, facebook.com. So if you are a big Facebook user, please do like us on there. You'll get notifications of when new shows are coming up and recordings are available. Reminders when today's show is starting so that you could join us as well. So like us on there, if you are a Facebook user, look for us. Look for Poly Music Library. And then that will wrap it up for this morning. Thank you very much for attending and we'll see you next time. Thank you.


Welcome to Amsterdam and KubeCon, CloudNativeCon 2023. Join John Furrier, Savannah Peterson, Rob Streche, and UPSCOT as the Kube covers the largest conference on Kubernetes, CloudNative, and open source technologies together with developers, engineers, and IT leaders from around the globe. Live coverage of KubeCon, CloudNativeCon 2023 is made possible by the support of Red Hat, the CNCF, and its ecosystem partners. Welcome back, everyone. It's the Kube's live coverage of KubeCon and CloudNativeCon Europe. It's like open source TV here. I'm John Furrier, host of the Kube. We got Ray Streche here with the KubeAnalyze. Of course, the Kube alumni back again, Richard Hartman with Director of Community Grafana Labs, a legend. We're just talking about open source TV. I feel like whenever you come on, we get an update on open source. Great to see you again. Thanks for coming on. Thanks for having me. So we're just talking before we came on camera, the dynamics of open source projects. Yesterday, we were talking about AI. You had some great insights around the impact of licensing. You've done some research on this. A lot of good stuff's happening. New numbers are coming out. 60% new users here at KubeCon. New blood coming in. Part of this is doing great. How are you doing? Busy, but good. It's a blast. Okay, let's go first into the, I want to get to the whole open source ecosystem and, you know, some of the dynamics there. I think really an important story we're seeing, and it's kind of related to open source. It's kind of when the fringe we're bringing it in for conversation to start looking at the impact of AI. Obviously, Stack Overflow is just ban chat GPT because they don't want to have flooded with auto answers just seeing a lot of licensing issues. You've been researching this and there are some implications around AI, auto coding. We were calling it code pollution. That's my word, a little bit over the top, but, you know, it makes the point, you know, if you're going to flood code and it's not good, it's only going to clog things up. I agree in the pollution aspect, at least for the potential for pollution. The thing is, I'm not a lawyer, but I like reading legal texts for weird reasons. At least under US law, as we currently, our best guess or as the current state of the law is you cannot copyright automatically generated things or the written word which is automatically generated. So you can't really put a lot of protection on this, but what can absolutely happen is that something which has been generated automatically can be under copyright. Of course, those large language models which are underlying those code generation, they are actually based on code. And, like, take an Apache 2 license project and you feed something which comes from GPL or AGPL in there, those are not actually compatible licenses. Or, I mean, they are, but not for the intense and purposes of the people who want to keep using Apache 2. And that is a risk. Because if you slide something in knowingly or unknowingly and then someone comes around and is like, okay, this is actually licensed in a different license, you have a problem. And even if it's just Apache 2 which is being copied from, you still might have requirements on naming the original authors, retaining copyright headers, things like these. And as of today, there is nothing which actually does all of this and actually checks all of this and gives you, you know, my references, where I learned from and where I pulled from as such, put them in appendix or whatever. And also licenses are not made for this because I don't want to have a header which is this large. So maybe at some point we come to a system where, I don't know, I have a reference file and from that reference file I pull in where this was coming from so I still give some sort of attribution and reflect this in the licensing requirements instead of having a header, again, of this size.  I'll go back, I'm kind of old now so we're kind of been around the block a few times but I remember when, you know, you go back to the late 90s, early 2000s when open source was booming if you were a founder, you kind of didn't know what dual source and Apache and GPL was and you had those rules or the road for open source but you build something and then someone wants to say buy the company and pay all the lawyers. It's like, wait a minute, you use code from the MIT license in here and it would unwind innovation. Here we have this new dynamic. And I think I had the same worries about copyright and what happens when copyrighted. I was recently at a company where we have our Apache 2 and then we created a community license. So if that community licensed software which was out there and put it up in chat GDP could impact somebody who was using that differently from our Apache 2 and I think that brings up what we were talking about which is that the humans may not be generating all the code but they're going to have to be smart enough to actually go through the code and understand where did it come from and I think do you see that I like the whole reference file type of concept and I think that's completely missing from all the gender and the AI that's out there now. Do you see that more being private versions like within Grafana starts to use your version of an LLM or something like that to help you or how do you see that working? That's actually something which which is something which is being discussed I honestly I don't think we're the only company having those kind of thoughts where we say okay we know where we have complete permission to do everything with the code and as such we can be training on it but that is also a problem because when you look at large language models and like all of those players make huge noise about how they how they make what was it the the smaller data sets which you actually use to find tuning data sets they make those public and they make huge noise about oh it's open source and everything which is not the truth. If you talk to the experts in the field the actual thing which matters is the much larger body of work on which the initial training was done and this is also part of or this is actually where most of the substance is coming from with the find tunings where basically the errors are being weeded out and optimizations are made so you have less wrong answers and everything so you need a substantial amount of data to train on but that is something which is non trivial unless you're like one of the hyperscalers you don't have this amount of code. And just for the people watching that the S-bomb is being discussed in certain supply chain how do you figure out what's in that base it's so massive it has to be copyright in there and then it's in the public domain at this point so what you're saying is that the generating code is essentially public domain by default or not or not licensed. No so public domain would be I can do whatever I want and that is the inverse I don't know what I can even do with it that's right that's much much worse because I don't know this is my point about back in the day when you had to go to the lawyer saying okay you got to rewrite code because you can't use that if you're going to sell the company or do a licensing deal let's talk about case law so right now there's really no precedent what are your opinion about that there will be case law who's going to be first I have a bet but I'll share it over a beer yeah well we've heard rumblings in the hallway here that people here that are exhibiting have gone on and put stuff into chat gpt we know the Samsung example we've been talking about on the cube where they actually had proprietary code go out into chat gpt we've heard customer lists people writing memos internal things hey rewrite my my internal all hands meeting I mean that's out there now this is the danger it very much is and even if I don't have to write as per corporate agreement licensing whatever to put this in there it's still in there and at least as per the licensing agreement with for example chat gpt they can use all of this to train their model so they literally have the right to go through all of this data all of this sometimes very very valuable data in theory and just get stuff out which they want and in the end like if I do this I'm the person in the middle because I didn't have the right to to do this but I still gave someone else that data under a license agreement or under usage agreement where I gave them permission to do this so anything happens I said in the middle and I get basically I'm the one who gets it from both sides let me ask you guys both the question because I think this is a great conversation we're riffing in real time here about an unknown future well you can draw on the past maybe here in open source because what we're really talking about here is a whole another level of new open source not yet known license backlash or blowback so if things are going to become more open with data what might happen what do you think the scenario is does it get shut down, do people go to their corners become more fragmented because the scenarios are interesting here there's a lot of what could happen based on what that next bit flips so if we go okay let's see who gets sued first and set present law there'll be some breakage but move fast progress or do we just stop everything what do you guys see as a potential future Rich we'll start with you so I think the cat is out of the bag there's no way to put this genie bag in it's around to stay and we're also going to see a lot of really really good usage but we're also going to see problems I like the concept of co-pollution because if you want to build a detector for any any radiation today and you need a steel enclosure the only way to get steel which is not contaminated by above ground atomic tests is to go back to ships which have sunk before we started using atomic bombs well using is maybe the wrong term but you get my meaning no pure steel because you need to blow so much air into your iron during the steel cooking process you just contaminate with the residues of what's still in the air so the only way again is to send divers cut up old ships and then get that steel out and we have the same inflection point for humanity's library of Alexandria on the internet there anything after middle of last year there is some some taint to it we cannot be as certain that this has not just been fully automatically generated and is void of any actual substance or any human comprehension just basically a stupastic parrot in back stuff which someone else wrote so they strip mine chat GPT open air they strip mine the web I mean essentially but that I would be surprised if you're charging for it that's an ethical the web was free I or free I'm saying that's my hyperbole that's my hyperbole but it's all seriously they're getting the data reformatting it so I sense the blowing air into it at least a part of it where they've trained their model and I think that's the I think what I'm very interested in is I think that the technology has so much promise for certain things I think you know where Grafana plays in particular in anomaly detection and looking at an analytics and looking for things inside there that some of the analysts can't see or can't think to see I also think I'm a big fan of the prompt being able to ask questions very you know search oriented but more natural language and I think it has advantages bringing newer people into certain parts of the industry like security as well but I think it's going to be private data that those models are trained on so because I also think that people's applications and their deployments of things like Kubernetes and the apps that they build on top are kind of mixed onto themselves in many cases yes but also there's a very very or there's actually two very different or very important points here so first generally speaking all of those models whatever they are they tend to be relatively good at giving you a bouquet of possible answers and then you as a human choose like when you look at stable diffusion something you get a lot of pictures which are worthless and you get a few which are kind of nice and you can iterate on this and you can prove on this and at the end you select one of them that's very much different from so I have a very white valid answer space for my question if I ask write me code which determines from those x-rays if that person has cancer there is a very very constrained space for correct answers and people are completely conflating the tool so when you say explain this and I think about it that is a super valid use of this technology when you say write me that thing that's maybe not the best and we had someone who interviewed at Grafana and they were using all of the AI for the coding interview and we let them cause like bring the tools you can use and and they tied themselves into a knot and they didn't make what was the code like I wasn't part of the thing I just heard the story it didn't go too well well this comes back down to what I call the crutch factor if you're leaning on AI too much and not augmenting the brain it's going to cause a lot of people younger coders this is back to my then not being aware of the new licensing dynamics just like in our generation we were kind of feeling our way through the new licenses that were more derivative works friendly some contribute back to the community that were happening just to keep the rising tide going so we're now at that new inflection point how do we manage it what's the use case what's a possible scenario for an outcome that could be good I mean there are lots of things which are good like for example I've seen things where people who maybe don't have the best expression but still need to write business letters or complaints to authorities or something can put basically the basics of what they want to achieve they get a nicely structured letter which basically passes the sniff test of a professional that this is also a professional person because this is some form of gatekeeping depending on your background and everything maybe you're just not as well versed in all of this and you're being gatekeeping based on this so assistive technologies or automated captioning or image descriptions on social media and such where a lot of people don't take the time to actually un-differentiated heavy lifting or augmentation and support of the humans not replacement of the humans those are really great examples and really great applications of this technology awesome well great we beat that dead horse there AI is going to, we don't know it's like a weather storm coming in you don't know what's going to happen until it happens but we do know data will be involved open issues like open source issues will be there licensing issues, productivity issues and potentially backlash on code pollution security it's going to be crazy final point here, I want to get in close with a real quick KubeCon update Richard, from your perspective how do we feel about KubeCon this year 60% new blood coming in, first timers roughly 20% two or three years in and folks like us like 15% make up the rest what's your summary of KubeCon this year what's your assessment so initially this was planned for or anticipated for roughly 5k people and we are 10,500 so more than double in app capacity which which is I think a little bit the theme of this KubeCon we weren't certain if this would be a good KubeCon if people would be coming back or not it really was very uncertain to be honest and in particular in the last few months there was an absolute flood of people who wanted in so I think we are basically back in a steady state we're back to a steady state I'm growing, just for clarification I know it was announced on the keynote that they said that this was the largest open source project I know you're just laughing but I want to clarify the record and CNCF has also acknowledged this on Twitter but Fostam23 in Brussels had more is the largest we don't know about 23 so we don't have tickets or anything for Fostam so we don't have hard numbers but we can count people how many are in the room we can see how many MAC addresses do we have before there were privacy extensions which kind of dates this information for anyone who is maybe in the networking scene like how many users that the access controllers see on their access points all of those things and then basically correlates with how full were the rooms how many people were on the hallway and that's where we have this number of roughly 12k from that's a few years old and you feel comfortable that's an accurate number I am pretty confident, yes so for the record, Fostam is the largest open source conference in Europe but I also expect to be overtaken by Chris in Chris Anicek or if I wear the governing board hat in 2023 in Paris it's a rising tide, it's good for everybody it's all tongue and cheek inside open source baseball and so it's all fun to talk about honestly both Chris and I are a little bit OCD and when he was on the station like nope well congratulations great to have you on your legend, you got the data and I love your perspective, I love how we have this open source concept going we'll continue to do open source TV and Rob Stretcher and I and Savannah and the team, thanks for coming okay that's a wrap up on this segment come back, we have another segment coming up next we've got a couple more, day three it's kind of our slide out of Europe a great successful show for the Cube I'm John Furrier, we'll be right back


What's going on everyone? This is Jacob filling in for Tom today. He'll be back to Zalba with you Monday as well Regarding the market. We have everything a little bit down Metas up a little bit the video is up a little bit The banks obviously were far higher this morning. We'll take a look at that a little bit One of the things that was interesting is at the open if the ES mini really pop up quite a bit your second year and Then we just had a complete just decrease in volume or excuse me decrease in value here High volume on that bar down. It's been trying to get past that 41 60 For the past for the last bit of the day So we'll see what happens light volume every time it's testing it So we'll see if we get a little bit of a test again Today We'll talk about the banks which is huge I want to talk about a little bit. I yesterday. I wanted to speak some on the hydrogen fuel cells at Toyota Had been kind of developing and that broader market in general And we have a bunch of pretty interesting stuff to show you Boeing. This is big news today Boeing dropped about 5% 5.7% and What went on with this is they had a piece of their their 737 maxes And the company that they sourced it from was having production issues That company is a spirit aero systems as you can see right here Spirit really really took the dive today. Let's get it on a bigger time frame here Going to yearly. So I mean just massive volume down There's a little piece in the back wing. It's not a Safety issue Boeing is saying But regardless it's going to there's some theory or some talk that it's going to hinder their production Numbers, so we'll see that comes to fruition on that and However, Boeing is going with alternative suppliers. This is pretty bad for spirit aero systems You know When you're such a small company like this and your your major buyer is something like Boeing when you fail It's kind of hard to recover a little bit from that is Is this drop really meaningful in Boeing? You know, they're They they might meet production targets, right? If they're they're using other suppliers. There's a chance they'll meet the production Quotas that they have and it's not a safety issue This is a bit sad because as you can kind of see from October of last year you really had a lot of Very attractive momentum building. I mean, you know even the beginning of end of September, but of course On the 26 and 25th, you have this really nice volume here So this was kind of a it's kind of a shame for Boeing But just if you hold this stock just just keep a lookout. I mean, I don't think this is going to really cut in too deeply So we'll see what happens NVIDIA interesting Tesla Excuse me Elon Musk bought a bunch of their GPUs Because he wants to get into the AI business and He had made some conversation that I think he wanted to buy chat GPT And They were open AI and they're like no this guy is so spread thin. I don't understand how he has the capital for this I Don't see what his long-term kind of solution for this is or a long-term plan at least I get so nervous every time he says he's going to add some kind of new breath to his His business, it's just kind of strange We'll talk a little bit more on chips as well, especially with Intel But first I want to talk a little bit about The OPEC cuts and I spoke about this yesterday, right? And this is interesting. This is kind of going in fully to this recession talk, right? So IEA says risk oil supply deficits And threatens economic recovery so definitely in the developing world and Countries that are not the US this absolutely could be a major problem You're seeing this cut even reflect in Russian oil Which is now way way selling way above and being purchased way above by Asia namely China Then the then the cap that the West had placed on it for sanction purposes So consumer countries represented by the IEA have argued that tightening supplies drive-up prices, of course and could threaten a recession While OPEC plus blames Western monetary policy for market volatility and inflation which undercuts the value of oil interesting Oil market balances were already set to tighten in the second half of 2023 with the potential for substantial supply deficit to emerge See the IEA saw 2023 demand a record 101.9 million barrels per day up two million barrels per day on the last year and on par with this prediction last month And this kind of explains why this The sanction that the West has tried to place on Russia Isn't isn't really gonna fly The IEA said it expected global oil supply to fall by 400,000 barrels per day by the end of the year setting an expected production increase of 1 million barrels per day from outside of the OPEC plus Beginning in March versus 1.4 million decline From the producers block So yesterday what I was saying is I was looking at the CPI and one of the major Components that was pushing down the CPI was energy, right? and I was showing how there was a Little bit of deployment from the strategic petroleum reserves done through March and that all these kind of revelations with increasing prices and lowering Mainly lowering supply came in April and we're gonna see a little bump in United States I Think though what I wasn't looking at yesterday when I was saying that we might get a far higher CPI afterwards is You know one obviously we're gonna get the same amount that we were going through for the same price up until May You have some major analysts saying I mean even the Fed Saying that there's probably gonna be a recession recessions obviously drive down the price of oil because more people aren't moving around It's not as in demand as it is when the economy is chugging along fine Also in the same vein, you know America Has the you know we have the capacity to be the largest producer of oil If we aren't currently I know it kind of flips sometimes But you know if anything really happens where it gets to a point where oil is getting way out of control energy is getting way out of control I do believe that Something like increased production in the States will probably be a reality With the recession again, I do see that being kind of deflationary pressure on the price of oil If this 400,000 cut Does make some kind of a splash folks stay tuned We'll be right back if you have any questions ask me in the den ask me in YouTube You can call us as well. You can email me at Jacob at tfnn.com. We'll be right back


Whoa, you guys are brutal. That's what the title of this one's gonna be.  What's going on?    You guys haven't checked out my buddy citizens page Check him out subscribe to him We're trying to get him to 300 subscribers before he does his spooky night BC cancer Foundation charity stream on October 24th I'll make sure to put the links in the description below Let's fight a good cause because if we're gonna watch this garbage the least we can do is fight that bastard cancer Now just to let you know there are 67 comments.  You didn't like it So I'm gonna go through the ones that I think are the best because there's a lot of them And I've got to go to work again tomorrow. Remember when demons were terrified of angels remember when Details weren't changed on the fly to suit whatever schmuck writer is designing the next episode good times Yeah, that was though that was long long long time ago Ignoring the fact that I'm supposed to believe that these two insignificant humans are actually a threat to gods like Chuck and Amara I don't understand how this is still I don't understand how there's still time for filler episodes They've already brought back characters like Lilith so they should have done more of that I mean 17 are having to face all of their enemies. They defeated on their journey at once is pretty epic I'm saying this because clearly they ran out of ways to keep the stakes up if they settled on God as a final villain I mean if even if God dies, can't he just wake up from the NT? Everyone seems to Blank oh it just ended there, but yeah, you're not wrong You're you're not wrong the stakes are completely absent from this show And it's I ripped on the beginning of this show with the really bad three-parter But at least that was something and that was apparently all the muster they could have why is nobody talking about that? Talking possessed teddy bear in the beginning of the episode. I really like your supernatural views wouldn't mind they were five minutes longer Videos were full length instead. No, I would not torture you guys with me talking to you for that long No, I wouldn't do it my god the editing alone would be such a pain in the butt I just need them to get to the main story.  What would death gain by lying? Which yeah, right? also apparently now God in the darkness are twins which When he was obvious in season 11 that she came first and was by herself for a little bit before Chuck made himself Them splitting apart and making the big bang also contradicts season 11 because in order for God to make the multiverse He had to lock her away since she kept destroying worlds He's trying to make still waiting on for why Dean and Amara have that weird connection. It was the mark Wasn't it? I thought that was it like they have that connection through the mark I remember thinking that in the when season 11 happened. I thought that demon had to die to you know Kill Amara I would keep reading this one, but you keep on pointing out the flaws But I understand but I gotta get through all the other ones, but oh, yeah the Bernie Mac thing This is some bull Because I'm tired of the retconning and the lying BS just glad the show is coming to an end I found this episode pretty bland the Castiel and Jack plotline really felt like hopscotch a Hot potch of Seven and saw without actual good twist or clever writing the Sam Dean finding Amara plotline was kind of boring and predictable I actually should have mentioned that too. Yeah, I was getting a bit of seven vibes Especially with just don't get this girl like what was her explanation for doing all the sadistic shit? Where does she know how to do it?  I'll never forget Sam Chopping the tree and breaking the axe is the funniest garbage that they ever did in season 14 completely Unintentional by the way only saw now that the final episode of the series is written by Eric Kripke and Andrew dad So at least I hope we get a good finale for Kripke's writing for the final plot and I'm praying for dad I did not know that so that's actually kind of cool to know that does have some Maybe relevance, but again Kripke could have just like written this on a napkin And it would still be better than anything dabs put down I feel like Castiel and Jack could have had one more scene sitting I could have had one scene sitting in the bunker the Sam and Dean slash Amara story should have been a bigger than it Was it seemed like it was over way too quickly in my opinion and I agree with that too. This should have been a much more prevalent thing considering Jack's supposed Importance to this whole story as well as how they are retconning 11 They should at least put some fucking effort into it considering it was my favorite season of the show aside from the original Five the season does not feel like a final season to me in your last video There was a comment all about the hanging plot threads Which I pointed that out and how little they They and how little time they have to wrap them up God and Amara What which really haven't been in the season much all at all considering that they were supposed to be the big bad It's Lucifer being alive in the empty. Did they just forget that heaven losing power? I used to love this show now I just watch it because I've gotten this far where the hell is the other world Bobby and Charlie Where the hell is our version of Bobby in heaven not to mention Garth and the other side characters that no longer exist The show lost me with how sloppy they entered the whole other World Michael storyline after building it up so much now God and Amara are Barely in the season where they should be in the most no filler no more side plots no more monster of the week focus All your story wrap it up. This is a terrible final season I would argue worse than Game of Thrones not to mention the complete character Sassionation of God which still makes no sense and undermines my favorite season the God and Amara arc like I I'm I'm honestly, I'm probably gonna change my rating for this episode when I do my review for the other one tomorrow night But God you guys are The word you're looking for is weak nearly every episode in the season is completely pointless There is no real storyline half the plot is missing. They are right in the gravy train They are stalling They have an ending and that is it they figured out an ending but can't manage to create any build-up I have it's a serious issue with this episode and how it handled Amara the whole point of her and Chuck's arc in season 11 is that they learned to deal with their relationship or forgive each other But then here they're just like screw it Amara is wrong for trying to have finally have a relationship with her brother and should portray him Why did we work so hard in season 11 only? If you're only going to say she's wrong now for trying to keep their relationship solid These retcons people and honestly you could talk to a lot of really die-hard supernatural fans and they would just be like they would have some something around it and I don't I don't know how at this point like I'm actually It's gonna go out like a wet fart. That's what I feel that the season is gonna go out on now It's oh wait, it's a funny one. So the cop driver at the end was the demon from earlier Did he make a deal with her or did he just literally take up a career in driving because he's just that bored as hell Just just soft now. I guess. Yeah, I admittedly that cop at the very beginning Like what when they come into the investigation that was some weak acting. He was he was dead so dead pan Why is this episode so boring well because it's seven deadly sin story has been done to death and other movies and TV shows NCIS saw seven full metal alchemists several of the animes There's even an anime named seven deadly sins even season three opener of supernatural did it so much better There's nothing new to add no new character development just your generic story that could go into any type of show This just felt like a crossover between touch by an angel and seven in a twisted world of saw Featuring two-side characters from supernatural Recon and retread that's all I'm going to say about the Mara and Jack story lines Holy crap. There's so many. Oh someone's talking about my mug. Love the doom internal mug, dude Every week I look forward to a new episode of supernatural But some of this season and the last have been trashed this episode bored me I kept checking the timer to see how much time was left I did the exact same thing and I'm intrigued to see what happens with jack And I do like amara always happy to see her return They also need to fix heaven or is that just been forgotten thought this episode was decent But can someone please tell me why we're still getting filler episodes in the last six episodes of the show and why amara easily turned That on her brother Was total bullshit. They rushed that so hard. I also can't accept the fact that These nipton beings Don't know that what mere humans are planning to do on doing to that to stop them Remember in season five when lucifer instantly knew sam had the horsemen rings are in season 11 when amara touched dean And saw all the conversation he had with god where the hell is all that? Yeah, you're preaching to the choir people you're you're Oh my god, I can't I don't understand what is going on something that was actually kind of interesting The director of this episode was the actor matt collin who played a young john winchester Uh from earlier in the show red was a prominent color for jack and castiel story Obviously Obvious example was that the characters had red shoes scarf hair were done for except for the last one I couldn't help but think of the doom characters in the original star trek episodes Wow, all these episodes should be rated way lower than they are because the writers had the time Then the last episodes to make this and stretch those episodes over a year But still include filler.  Is that so much to ask do people have eyes?  It's the fan base. It's the majority fan base I don't know what's happened Because it wasn't quarantine because they were like this before but if you go and look at the ratings I'm gonna do it right now if you look at the ratings for supernatural season 15 You look at the individual episodes.  I'm gonna take a guess I'm gonna take a guess most of them in the eights first ones in the eight third fourth ones in the eight fourth ones No, not too bad fifth ones in the eight Six ones in the eight the seventh one the worst episode of this entire season Is an 8.5. What's the latest one? What's the latest one? Oh, it's oh, it's 7.8. Oh, but last holidays in 8.7.  The numbers are barely over a thousand for an example Let's go all the way to season one and see how many reviews there are Yeah, 7,000 reviews for the first episode of this show season five The actual ending of the show 9.7 8,000 reviews It's a minute amount of psycho people are reviewing these episodes on IMDB. Anyways guys, that's all from me I hope you enjoyed this video. It's gonna come out literally just before I review Supernatural again. Oh, no, it'll be hopefully today's wednesday. Sorry.  Anyways See you guys next time. Thanks for watching the video My name is Knitz and you might remember me from the animated cult classic tv show undergrads It's been a while, but I'm happy to say the click is finally getting back together in an all new movie Thanks to a successful Kickstarter campaign But we are still asking for your support to see any and all updates about the upcoming undergrads movie Be sure to check out and like the bring back undergrads facebook page and with any luck. We'll see you guys soon


Welcome to Spotlight Advanced. I'm Liz Wade. And I'm Adam Novus. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.  The train will soon begin moving.  A mountain rises to your left. The sun shines brightly into your eyes. People standing next to the train wave excitedly. You begin to speed up.  He sits on his father's shoulders to watch the train better.  Now a red passenger train goes by in the opposite direction. A rock wall appears on your left. Leaves that have already changed to their fall colors are growing from between the rocks.  There are white and yellow houses on both sides. In front of you there is a small dark opening in the base of a mountain. It grows larger and darker by the second as your train speeds toward it. Your train is about to go underground.  The darkness is all you can see for the next four minutes. Then a little spot of light appears. The light tells you that you have reached the other side of the mountain. Soon you will see the sun again. This describes the first seven minutes of a seven hour train ride across the country of Norway. This long train ride was recorded on video from beginning to end. It is the first popular example of slow TV. Slow TV is a completely different form of television. In its most basic form, a person sets up a camera on a usually dull or normal activity like riding a train. Sometimes the camera does not even move. Producers do not write a script. They do not make the video go faster or cut parts out. A person watching the video experiences the event in real time. The slow TV train ride video was broadcast on public television in Norway in 2009. Public television in Norway is well supported. Producers did not have to worry about how much money they could make through this program. They decided the idea was creative and they were interested to see how people would react. The train ride was shown on TV on a Friday night. The producers expected that a few thousand people would watch the program. But information about the program spread quickly. That night more than a million people watched this slow train ride. This means more than three times as many people as usual watched TV that night. In fact, people enjoyed the recording so much that they wanted to see more like it. And they wanted the broadcast to stretch on for an even longer amount of time. The producers were surprised and excited. Their next slow TV experiment was a boat trip along the coast of Norway. They recorded for five and a half days. All the video was broadcast live on public television. But about two days into the boat trip, something new began to happen. People began to visit the coast to be in the video. Thomas Hellam was one of the producers of the video.  People along the coast and thousands of people showed up at every port, every mountain. They could go find the information and see when will the boat be in my place. And they could prepare. The video showed people waving flags and holding up signs. Small boats sailed next to the large ship. The Queen of Norway waved to the camera from her own boat. Near the end of the trip, the many colors of a rainbow appeared above a green mountain. While the rainbow hung in the sky, this program broke a record. It was the largest number of people ever to watch a program in Norway at the same time. People in Norway continue to enjoy slow TV. Producers have recorded many different long events. They have recorded meat production, making a coat and fishing in a stream. And the idea has spread to other countries as well. People have made simple slow TV programs all around the world. However, Norway is the only country where the programs are popular on a national level. But is there anything for the average person to gain from slow TV? With hundreds of normal programs to choose from, should you give slow TV a try? There are several different ways that slow TV can be of value. First, it is important to understand that not all people watch slow TV in the same way. Even in Norway, only some people sit to watch a single program for hours on end. Many people think of the programs like having a pleasant friend in the room. They turn on the TV to a slow program. Then they continue with their work while the show plays next to them. Calming sounds and beautiful things to look at can be especially nice during lonely times. Another way that people from around the world enjoy slow TV is as a sort of virtual travel. Maybe they do not have enough money for travel, or maybe health worries are keeping them home. Watching slow TV lets people experience other countries. They see through the eyes of someone else walking a street or riding on a train. As they watch the program, they can also read more about the place they are visiting. The place comes alive in their imagination. Finally, slow TV can calm the mind. Most television programs speed up faster and faster. They follow simple plot lines with clear stories that are told quickly. Slow TV invites people to take the time to notice the details for themselves. No producer has decided what parts of the story are important. Everything stays in the recording. And just like in life, the person watching gets to decide which parts of the story are worth noticing and wondering about. Slow TV may never be as popular around the world as it is in Norway, but everyone can find things to enjoy about this kind of program. Are you ready to give slow TV a try? We have made a slow TV video for Spotlight English. Check it out on our YouTube channel. Members will be able to see the video first. If you are on YouTube, click Join below to learn more about membership. You can also visit our website to find links to some of our favorite slow TV programs to get you started. Have you ever seen slow TV? Is this kind of program popular in your country? Would you watch slow TV? Tell us what you think. You can email us at contact at spotlightenglish.com. You can also find us on YouTube, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. The writer of today's program was Megan Nolette. The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United States and the United Kingdom. You can listen to this program again and read it on the internet at www.spotlightenglish.com. This program is called Slow TV to Calm Your Mind. Visit our website to download our free official app for Android and Apple devices. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.


Four things that we can do that may reduce our risk of developing Parkinson's disease is exercise and avoiding dairy products, pesticides, and avoid getting hit in the head. Which means wearing your seatbelt, bike helmet, and, if you read journal articles written by scientists with way too much time on their hands, avoid getting attacked by extraterrestrials, a leading cause of traumatic brain injury in comic books. What about avoiding pesticides and other industrial pollutants? A recent autopsy study found higher levels in the brains of Parkinson's victims of PCBs found in Monsanto's Aerochlor, which was banned in 1979, but still pollutes the world. And the more PCBs found in the brain, the worse the brain damage. The worst three PCBs appeared to be numbers 138, 153, and 180, the levels of all of which are significantly lower in the bodies of those eating plant-based diets. So, does a vegan diet reduce risk of Parkinson's disease? Good question. When we know that every single prospective study on dairy products or milk in Parkinson's disease tended to find increased risk, and it may be that dairy products in the United States are contaminated with neurotoxic chemicals. There's substantial evidence suggesting that exposure to pesticides, increased Parkinson's disease risk, and autopsy found higher levels of pollutants and pesticides in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients, and some of these toxins are present at low levels in dairy products. They're talking about toxins like tetrahydroisoquinoline, Parkinsonism-related compound found predominantly in cheese, although the amounts of this neurotoxin, even in cheese, are not really high. The concern is that the chemical may accumulate in the brain over long periods of consumption.


If we pick a couple of larger numbers, like say 23 plus 27, we know we should get 50 out. If we do the arithmetic in binary, it will look a little different. So there's 23 in binary, 27 is, and we'll just add these together one bit at a time. One plus one is zero, carry a one. One plus one plus one is one, carry a one. One plus one is ten. One plus zero plus one is ten. One plus one plus one is eleven. So we get this for hopefully fifty. And if we scroll down, we'll see that yes, this is indeed fifty in decimal. In octal, those same two numbers are twenty-seven for twenty-three, and thirty-three for twenty-seven. So seven plus three, remember in octal, I can't go past eight. So as soon as I add seven plus one, I get to eight or ten, and then I have to carry something. So I actually have twelve here, so I'll write down the two and carry the one. One plus two plus three is still six, because six is less than eight. So I'll write down the six, and if I go forward and check, I do get sixty-two on my number one as well. In hexadecimal, it's the same thing, so I have seventeen for twenty-three and one b for twenty-seven. So now this is going to be a little more complicated, maybe you've forgotten what seven plus b is. If we go back, so b is eleven, okay, so if I'm doing this in decimal, I've got eleven plus seven is eighteen. What is eighteen now in hexadecimal? So I'm working in groups of sixteen, so I've got a sixteen plus two, also gives me eighteen. So I will write this as twelve instead, so I've got sixteen plus two. And then I've got one plus one plus one is three, I get thirty-two, and if I scroll down, yes I see thirty-two is my hexadecimal number.


I'm Chris Dickerson with Corner Taco. I'm here at Ard Wolf in San Marco to demonstrate a simple vegetable dish, seared asparagus. We're preheating a cast iron skillet over medium-high on a very primitive burner. If I can cook on this burner, then you can certainly cook it at home. Buy asparagus from your local grocery store. You see this is still in the tray. Place it on a cutting board, a little tip. Whenever I use a cutting board at home or at work, I always put a wet towel underneath to give it traction. Leave it in the tray. Place it on top of the cutting board. Cut about a third of the way from the bottom. Basically, you want to remove any of the fibrous parts. Just like that. This is grape seed oil. Grape seed oil has a really high smoke point. You can use olive oil, canola oil. Grape seed oil is what we use on the truck. It's readily available at any grocery store. Put oil on the pan. You want to put enough so that it covers the bottom of the pan by, let's say, about a sixteenth of an inch. If you put too much oil in, you'll simply fry it. And here we want to be searing. So you have the pan starting to smoke. It looks like asphalt on a hot summer day. That's how you know it's hot enough. You don't want to crowd the pan. You want to fit whatever you put in the pan like you'd fit a shoe. You want to hear that nice sizzle. You want one even coat. You don't want to, if you overcrowd the pan, you'll cool the pan down. Resist the temptation to move the asparagus. If you do that, you'll destroy the crust. This will take about one and a half minutes per side. And typically, whenever I'm seizing vegetables or meat, I typically season it in advance with something as fibrous as asparagus, broccoli is another example. I don't season it until the end. Otherwise, the salt will just roll right off.  That's an indication that it's starting to brown. It's ready to be flipped. I just do one motion with the tongs. See how the asparagus is starting to blister? This is definitely not something that you want to overcook. You want to pull it off before it's actually done because it'll continue to cook as it sits. At this point, I can actually season it because it's got a nice coating of oil, which will help the salt to stick. Coarser salt mixed with a little bit of white pepper and a ratio of about five parts. Coarser salt to one part pepper. It's pretty much done. Put that on a plate and that's seared asparagus.


we're going to be the current assets and the property plant equipment or just equipment in this case. So it equals the current assets here plus the net equipment, the equipment less the accumulated depreciation. Okay so now we're going to go to the liabilities and equity liabilities and equity. So that's going to be our next kind of section here of course and then we're going to have our current assets or current liabilities I should say. Current liabilities and those will include starting off with accounts payable this time and we're going to have to do another calculation over here. Now this will be somewhat similar to the accounts receivable calculation where we will start off with the payable on the book so we're going to have to go to the balance sheet where did we start off with the accounts payable 200,500, 200,500 and then we only have purchases that's the only thing we use our payables for to purchase inventory so we can we can then go up to our purchases of inventory we have the standardized purchase we always buy all the inventory for the month and then we pay for it by following month. So we're going to go ahead and say this equals and scroll up to our purchases area up top where we purchase the materials so we're going to scroll up to the purchases we have the 611 474 of purchases of materials that's the only thing we use the payable accounts for in this company so then we have the payments for raw materials then so we have to sum up the actual payments that we made for the raw materials which is going to reduce the payable so we're going to go up we could find that on our cash disbursements so we have the cash disbursements here and we're looking for the payments for material so again we could have just taken up the total the 623 49 or we could sum up the column again it's going to add up to the 623 49 for July August and September these are what we paid off so the payable at the end is going to equal the payable at the beginning plus what we purchased on account meaning accounts payable goes up because we got stuff and we didn't pay for it we put it on credit minus the part that we paid off like the part of the kind of the credit card that we paid off that gives us our ending payable of the 191 625 so we're just going to say this equals and i'm going to scroll back over here that number right there okay so next time we're going to have the short term loan payable so remember we had the small loan to get us up to that minimum balance of 40 000 we can pick that up we can pick that up and the cash flow we needed this 8001 60 to bring us up to that 40 000 there so we have the loan and then we have the income taxes payable income taxes payable so we calculated the income tax and of course we haven't paid it yet at this point so whatever's on the income statement in terms of income tax is what we owe or what we will owe in the budgeted so we have the income tax here we owe that we we're going to incur it and then owe it of course at that point so we have the total current liabilities is then going to be the sum of our current liabilities so we're going to equal the sum of this 191 625 down to the 23263 we could underline this as well we can go to the home tab we can go to the font group we can underline this as well then we have our long term we have one long term liability which is a long term note payable and note that hasn't changed we've been we're still at the same start part where we started from we're paying interest on it but the principal has not going down we've just been paying off the interest paying like the rent on the money still at 500 000 we're just paying off the interest so we're going to go down here and we still got that big 500 000 loan that we owe back so we're going to have the common stock now the common stock hasn't changed so we're going to scroll back up here and say the common stock we haven't issued any more common stock so we're still at the 335 335 000 and so we haven't we haven't issued any more and remember if we issue common stock that's kind of like an investment if we were sole proprietor the more investors putting money in we do however have a change in retained earnings so we are going to have a change in the retained earnings i'm going to indent this here we're going to have our last little worksheet over here to calculate that difference in retained earnings and this will be kind of like our many statement of equity here that will show us this change retained earnings so i'm going to scroll back over here i'm going to say our beginning retained earnings the beginning retained earnings we had was 208 788 so this is 208 788 that's where we started with and of course retained earnings goes up by net income and we calculated that on the budgeted income statement to be the 43204 and we also have dividends so remember that's the like draws that's the amount that's that's being taken out or given to shareholders and we we see that that happened on the cash flows one place where we can't see it so there was this 10 000 of dividends that were paid out so therefore the ending retained earnings is going to be what we started with plus the income that was earned minus the dividends that were paid out therefore kind of the amount the earnings that are that still retained at this point are the 241 992 so that'll give us our total stockholders equity and we'll calculate that over here i don't know why i made this negative i'm going to make that positive i'm going to i put a negative sign in front of that i'm going to take that away so we're going to add those two up we're going to say this equals the sum of the common stock and the retained earnings so we have that and now we have our last number which will of course be the total stockholders equity and liabilities liabilities and liabilities and equity and of course we're hoping that after we add these up it'll add up to the total assets and meaning that we will be in balance and this will this kind of my check number here that'll go to zero if that's the case so i'm going to say this equals the sum of the current liabilities the long-term liabilities and the stockholders equity and hopefully when we hit enter this number will go to zero if we hit enter that's going to go and it all right so this number then equals this number we are in balance so we feel good and that is the master budget


Hello and welcome back to the craft box. My name's Brennan today. We are on episode 14 of the Pirate 101 walkthrough Today we are going to start by exploring Kreatos campsite, which is pretty cool So we're in the dark jungle now last episode we made it to the Isle of Doom Which isn't apparently not as scary as it sounds I think it's scarier, but that's fine Post it's gone. Looks like the troggies made short work of this place Let's look for signs of survivors and where they might have gone Signs of survivors and where they might have gone Suspicious wrong. What's this? There's a message carved on the stone. Here's what to say Krog is destroyed outpost fleeing to cave southeast of here. Send help. See Aha, Criado. He has left this note to the cave Criado Criado's cave It's only you. You are not here to rescue us. This is bad. Very bad. We are doomed for certain. The troggies will eat us all Why are you here? Gortez? His is the here, but the way is blocked. Swarms of bees let no one pass The gold monkey. It is a wonder great tapestry of metal thread hung with thousands of gold knights and countless emeralds It is with Gortez. We are trapped here between the bees and the troggies Criado said he knew a way to pass the bees, but he is gone. The frog devils took him Criado may yet leave. If you hurry to the troggie village, you might save him And if you scatter the troggies, that will be a boon to us Okie dokie, I will be right back once I have scattered six troggies On Gaspard you can do this. No you can't Gaspard There was, you had one job.  Gaspard Yes, nice work everyone Criado is now here, but look at this. Troggie footprints headed to that cave and I set a little boot prints among them Criado must be in the cave.   Okie dokie, we are going to find the cave, yeah? I don't know why I turned all British on you, but I did, yeah? We are going to go find the cave and yeah, let's enter it right here This is a nice sweet cave, quite watery though This bit is quite bumpy these waterfalls Save me from these beans! Before they rust! The fires! Put them out or the troggies will keep coming! Ok, Eep, what's his name?  Eep Ork-Ark-Ark-Charp Is that his name? What's his name? Complete in 13 terms, Eep-Eep-Op-Ork-Ark Ok, that was easy. Fires are taken care of Just as well, there's graphical glitches coming from the fires or Criado I don't know which one, but there's glitch And it annoys me Did that fix it? No, it did Yes, I think it did. Sweet! That was easy peasy lamb and squeezy Now we need to all defeat the boss It's not fixed, you must be Criado, dammit Criado Defeat all enemies Until like, not this one This one Boom Boom Boom Okay, okay Boom Boom, that was a nice one Nice block there Oh, super hit 101, super hit, oh my god What is this? What is this? Um, hmm, what would be good for this situation?  Not quite did, that's unfortunate Yes, focus on red beard, no, not on me Okay, here we go Full out of tech now, I'm done Oh, that was nice Epic hurt Nice Oh, turn the tide, that's unlucky Um, here we go Here we go, here we go, here we go That was nice That was good That was good Here we go This round should be lost Hopefully, yes it should be Red beard, you beast Ya beast, red beard Amazing Okay, that was quite a tough battle, I thought I would die there Phew, survived with 45 health, that's awkward You have saved me from a fate worse than death, stranger How can I repay you? You seek the gold monkey? It is an amazing thing, a great beacon It has a tree made of polished gold Shining in the heart of darkness You must pass the swarms of beasts Subdue drogis and take the poison that coats their skin And mix it with crimson lotus flowers The paste you make will drive the beasts away Once past them, look for Gortez's messenger and the ruins beyond I still say you should turn back Okie dokie, that was good Let us open up companions I will be back once I've got all of the ingredients to pass the bees I think Okie dokie, we are back Finished those somehow Took so long I got a new pet Which is cool So yeah I don't know when I got the new pet But I think it was in one of the battles But it might have been in the boss battle that we had So now we're collecting the crimson lotus There's one right here, which is great It's almost as if I purposely did that I and I have mixed these pollen with the druggy poison Now the bees, they never touch you Oh, the paste, she smells horrific Are you sure my shell is not protection enough? There's like a bug in my room and it's like flying around And it's not a fly and it's annoying me It's like everywhere, please no She seems to like me, I don't like it Ok, hopper Beers and wires and masks that walk like men They're looking for something, man I don't know what, but they're pillaging this place Cortes, he's waiting for you at the temple, man Go to the gate, they'll let you in The gold monkey, I can't describe it You need to see it Ok, interesting Finish, feed, feed Level 4, yes Ok, here we go Oh, there's the amount of troops here This is interesting I wonder why they're here There's a turtle, oh my god it's a turtle I approve There's a turtle It's a turtle, yass Ok, here we go I told them we already got one Yeah, look a lot Oh, you see Cortes? No, you are not ready Cortes is a warrior A warrior poet in the Atlantic sense All his children are warriors What are you? You want to see Cortes? Help him, prove his cause is yours Smash those soulless clockworks Destroy the captain and you can pass The captain is inside the pyramid Mailing with things that should be left alone Use their elevator machine to enter the tunnels Go Well, ok, let's go do that then He was like walking right for me So scared My phone just went off, I'm so bad Intruder, you will identify yourself and surrender Comply or be terminated We need to defeat the Armada captain now We just finished that last battle We walked all the way here It was a wee while, a wee way So I've decided that I'm going to go with Bonnie Ann for this I gave her a slight level on increase Once she leveled up And she's now here with me fighting She is better than Chantel now So yeah, we're going to be using Bonnie Ann for a bit Wow, so effective Missed the trap, bother That's unlucky Oh well Okie dokie Let's do agility If I can hit you I don't know why we're doing that Just go up And hit you, I suppose as well Let's go For shoes Yes, nice work, he's nearly dead Which is good Ok, how are we going to do this? Let me get home You continue on home You get home, you get home We go like that Ok, let's see if this works well Oh, this quick adjust is really annoying Oh, mega hits are also really annoying Quick adjust is the worst Done, ok Yay I actually hit him that time Which is good, yes That was epic, that was amazing That super hit is so cool Best super hit I've ever seen I think It's amazing That's so cool, he like spin The bug's back I think I got it this time Oh Yes, hit me, do it I dare you Do you have a watch?