Hello, welcome back everybody to theCUBE's coverage in New York City of AWS Summit 2022. I'm John Furrier, host of theCUBE. We had Dave Vellante, Lisa Martin here earlier. I'm going to wrap it up here with James Forester, last interview of the day here in New York, which we're going to have another day. It's packed house, 10,000 people. James Forester is the VP worldwide technical leader for VMware's cloud on AWS. On AWS, this is a big distinction. James, welcome to theCUBE. Thanks for coming on. Thank you so much, John. It's great to be here. So I think it's been like six years since the announcement of VMware's cloud on AWS, which is a separate instance, separate hardware, but it's changed the game for VMware. You guys done a lot of work, successful traction with customers clarified. I remember at that time, it really clarified VMware's cloud play, which then gave VMware more time to work on what's to do now, which is, you know, using all their assets and their operations with Tanzu, Monterey, cloud native, cross cloud, what they call, you guys call cross cloud, I call super cloud, action, a lot of stuff happening. So thanks for coming on. Okay, so first question is, okay, what's the future look like for VMware's cloud on AWS? Super bright, super bright. And there's a couple of great reasons for that. I think firstly, what we're seeing is that customers have now made enough progress in their cloud journeys. Many of them have chosen AWS and they're going full force. We're going to help them go faster. We're going to help them get there and get native to those adjacent services much quicker with more confidence and more resiliency. So it's in a super exciting time to be doing what we do. You know, VMware's had a steady install base, okay? I mean, basically it's like almost ingrained in the operations. What do you guys see as that next level step up function? Because you know, obviously Broadcom is buying VMware, obviously that utility will be in place, but there's more, there's more there that customers can tap into. This is the promise of the cross cloud. How do you talk about that when you got the AWS action? How does that all integrate? Yeah, absolutely. And of course, because so many customers are going to AWS on their own cloud journeys right now, what we get to have the conversation about is how they can get there more confidently. And so for customers who are just starting out, who are looking at their application portfolios, who have a ton of skilled IT professionals, who they want to bring into that cloud journey, they can use the skills they already have. For those folks who are a little bit further along, but are maybe finding that refactoring their applications is more complex, more difficult than they anticipated, we give them a way of moving with confidence and with much less risk. They can do those cloud journeys that they anticipated. You know, James, I want to get your thoughts on what the state of the current situation is. These are the, your customers and your customers appetite for AWS services. It's one of the promises of the original deal was, clarifying messaging, but more importantly, customers can get the VMware cloud and take advantage of the higher level services on AWS. What's the update there? What's the current state of the art? What's some of the patterns that you're seeing on the uptake of services and how they're working together? Yeah, it's a great call out. And honestly one of the misconceptions that I address right out of the gate is that somehow going VMware cloud takes you away from those services. It doesn't, it gets you closer to them. Full direct native access to all of those hundreds of great AWS services. So what we often find is that customers have their enterprise data inside data workloads in their data centers, but what they want to do is get that up next to the AWS services that can use it, like Redshift and Athena and Glue. They can move those workloads right adjacent to those services and start using them right away. So it's a great way to look at the platform. So one of the observations that's pretty well understood right now by most people, I'd say 90% if not more, not 100% because I've heard people like not get it, but it's pretty clear that the operating model for the enterprise will be hybrid as a steady state. I don't think there's any debate on that unless you think there is. You feel the same way? No debate, no debate. Okay, hybrid is a steady state. What does that mean as clients start to think about edge and their data centers? Because now the private cloud is back in the game. So I've heard people talk about private cloud, which we, I think we coined the term with Dave Wikibon years ago, but it kind of went away because that was not the public cloud. So public cloud one on premise didn't go away. So Amazon with Outpost. So now they're like, I can still have stuff on prem and run it into cloud operations. So they're calling that private cloud. So you start to hear the same things. What it means basically is that hybrid is winning. It's the standard. What does the hybrid environment look like from a VMware perspective? As you guys look at that, I've been building that out because you have customers that are on premises. Is it just to the cloud and back? Is there any changes? Is there a new connective tissue? Is there a glue layer? What's the operating model for VMware customers? Well, customers wanted those same benefits from public cloud agility, cost benefits, elasticity, innovation, sovereignty, sustainability, but they wanted to be able to do that everywhere. They wanted it in their data centers. They wanted it at the edge. And as you pointed out, public cloud delivered that for customers. AWS first out there, delivering that for customers. Now with innovations like VMware cloud and AWS Outposts, we're able to bring that back into the data center. We're able to bring those same benefits of public cloud into the customer's on-prem environment. And you're right. We see hybrid just rolling and rolling and being able to offer our solution across all of it. Yeah, we're big fans of VMware because theCUBE's 12 years old. We've been at every VM world. Now they're calling it VMware Explorer. The event's coming up so the folks watching plug for VMware Explorer. Formerly VMworld, it's on the schedule. Content catalog just came out last week. It's looking pretty good. So put a plug out there. We'll be there with theCUBE two sets. So if you're going to VMworld now, explore, go register, get updates in San Francisco. Always a great event. vSphere and vSan, always great products. But you got carbon black, you got security. So these things have all been working kind of pistons for VMware. Okay, Tanzu, I know Raghu and those guys are doing a Craig Mcluckian team. They're working on that. You got Tanzu, you got Monterey. That's the new cloud native thing. How is that tracking vis-a-vis the operating model of the core engine vSphere, vSan and others? And then with the native services of cloud. So you got AWS cloud with VMware cloud. vSphere, vSan, carbon black and security. And then you got the Tanzu over here. How do those three things coming together? Well, the services that customers love first and foremost that they've been running the mission critical workloads on, vSphere, vSan, NSX. What VMware cloud on AWS is, is a packaging together of those services. So customers don't have to configure it all themselves and do the heavy lifting. We manage and run it on their behalf. What we're adding to that most recently with Tanzu is now the ability to run containers within the same environment. As customers tell us, they've got parts of their organization that are very much on vSphere VMs. Parts of their organization are moving to containers. We want to be able to provide a single operating model, a single layer, a single way of managing all of that no matter where it's deployed. So that's how we have it. I remember back in the day when Raghu wasn't the CEO, Carl Escherbach was there, Sanjay Poonin was there. Carl's now at Sequoia Capital, Raghu's CEO. Sanjay's kind of looking for a next gig. I always said, why doesn't vSphere and NSX become that abstraction layer and commoditize the network so that white boxes and Dell and HP can all play in that layer. It just never happened yet. Is that something you guys talk about at all? I mean, in the smoky room and the execs, is that happening? What's the vision? Well, we always work backwards from customers, right? And what customers are telling us is they want us to help at them with that undifferentiated heavy lifting. So who knows where that could take us, but right now we're very focused on helping those customers move with confidence to the cloud. You didn't take the bait on that one, I appreciate that. Okay, so let's get to the perspective. Since you're out with customers, one of the big things that you're seeing right now from your customers right now, because you look behind us here, 10,000 people at this event, this is not a no show. This is not a throwaway event in somewhere and in the corner of the world. This is New York City, only one summit. This is bigger than Snowflake Summit and that was packed. So from an event standpoint, this is a pretty big game statement here for AWS. These companies are not experiencing headwinds. They're changing. So what are your customers telling you around what they're looking at for the cloud native architecture? I mean, obviously the digital transformation is continuing, obviously the clouds here. And again, we were saying earlier, this is the first time in history that the cloud hyperscalers have been in market during a so-called downturn. So there's no other data. 2008 there was, I wouldn't call them up and running. They were building, but AWS, Azure, others, these cloud players, they're in market. And so you start to see kind of some data coming out saying, hey, this thing's still working. The engine of innovation is cranking out and it's not slowing down the digital transmission. It might change the capital markets and valuations, but it's not changing customers. That's what I'm hearing. Now you probably agree with that, right? I think that's exactly right. Okay, so let's stay with that. If you believe that, then it's like, okay, what are they doing? So what are customers doubling down on? What are some of the patterns you're seeing in the environment today that you could share with the audience? Yeah, so I think first and foremost is that steady transition to the cloud to deliver all of those benefits of agility, costy, elasticity, innovation, sovereignty, sustainability, that hasn't gone away at all. In fact, it's only accelerated. With workloads like virtual desktops, which became so critical during COVID, the need to be able to provide that kind of scalable elastic capacity has only increased. Now, coupled with that, most of these customers are already on a cloud journey, and while some folks may have had the luxury of letting that go a little bit more slowly, nowadays the urgency is pervasive. Across all of the industries that we get to talk to in New York, everyone needs to go faster. Everybody is not seeing the progress that they expected that we think we can help them deliver. So the opportunity, I think, that's come out of COVID is more workloads, different use cases, disaster recovery, ransomware. Is that more of an awareness or reality or both? Both, absolutely. Okay, so let me answer the next question. This is a good conversation. I think I agree 100%. We're seeing the same exact thing. Now let's talk about how companies are thinking about the real opportunity that's emerged, which is refactoring the business model without actually changing the makeup of the organization, per se, to take on new territories and potentially take over categories. So I mean, a data warehouse and a data cloud's kind of the same thing. Snowflake probably wouldn't like me saying that they're a data warehouse because they call themselves a data cloud. But it's kind of the same thing, just refactored on AWS. That's a super cloud. So that's an opportunity for everyone to do that in every vertical. How many customers are actually thinking that way and actually taking steps to pursue that, capture that opportunity? Or do you agree it's opportunity? No, I think that is an opportunity and I love that idea of super cloud in that what I think customers have started to realize over the last couple of years in particular is it's very difficult to take advantage of all of those great cloud services if your applications are still behind a whole lot of different layers of firewalls and so forth. So getting the application close to those services, in proximity to those services, is that first step in modernization. Then it doesn't have to be a change the wings on the plane while it's flying conversation, which is very risky for a lot of organizations. It's a let's get the plane going a little bit faster, let's get the plane going a little bit smoother and let's get the plane to its destination with less risk. James, that reminds me of the old school conversations of non-disruptive operations. Remember those days? I do, yeah. Mostly about storage and servers. But that's basically what you're saying. Transform while operating. Exactly. So this is, you can do both and you got to make time and it's a talent question too. I'd love to get your thoughts on how customers are thinking about who do you put on which tasks?  You don't want all your A players, what I hear CISOs and CIOs telling me is that if I put all my A players on transformation, I got no one running the business. So you got to kind of balance. That's a cultural team decision. It's a cultural team decision. It's also a skills marketplace decision. And there's a practical reality to the skills that are available and how fast you can hire them. So a big part of the conversation that we have is when customers have existing skill sets, plug those into their transformation. Plug those into their business outcomes. I like to use the phrase, let's make heroes out of IT because they can be a much more critical player than they think they can. I mean IT basically is not even around anymore. It's part of the organization. And then you have data science and data engineering coming in. So IT is not a department anymore. It's the company. Exactly right. If you're kind of going down that road, yeah. All right, so final question. What's the biggest change you've seen and observed in your current year and a half? You know, coming out of COVID, knowing what was before, what seed change, what inflection point are we in now? How would you describe this current market? Because again, we're kind of in a unique market. You know, you got crypto around the corner, people getting attracted to that. Little bubbly, obviously. Reality of cloud and 2.0 or super cloud emerging. On-premise is not going away. Edge exploding on the industrial side, especially with machine learning coming along. So this operating model is clearly in sight. What's the biggest observation you've noticed? I think it's the sense of urgency over the last couple of years. In the most customers I talk to are no longer relaxed about the timing of delivering cloud capabilities to their organizations. Most customers are on sort of a transformation journey of their own and digital transformation and cloud transformation are absolutely fundamental to that. One more real quick follow-up question, don't mind because I appreciate your time. One of the things that's come up a lot in our conversations is the role of the ecosystem. Not only as part of the business model, but also validation of the enablement that cloud offers companies. You have an enabling platform. Your ecosystem is well known. And so your customers are starting to develop ecosystems. So if the cloud model kind of trickles like downstream, ecosystem is kind of a proof of something. What's your view of all this ecosystem discussion as we transform this next generation? Yeah, I think it touches on a couple of things. So obviously there is a technology ecosystem which is evolving very rapidly in support of cloud and cloud transformation. What's interesting I think is the business ecosystem that's evolving around it. We're seeing our customers evolve their own businesses to assume that those cloud capabilities will be available to them. And if the cloud capabilities are not available to them in a timely fashion, then the ecosystem starts to have a domino effect. So the ecosystems are interdependent between business and technology and skills and talent. And I think that's a great place to be. James Forrester, they're going to shut us down. The speakers are on. They're going to pull the plug. Thanks for being our last interview here in New York City and bringing us home. We appreciate you taking the time to come on theCUBE. John, thanks so much. Great to be here. Okay, we are wrapping it up here in New York City. I'm John Furrier with theCUBE. Great day for Lisa Martin, Dave Vellante, the entire crew of theCUBE here on the ground. Live in person, events are back. theCUBE hybrid got online. Check out our coverage there on SiliconANGLE and theCUBE.net. I'm John Furrier signing off from New York City. See you next time.


So, our next session will be a plenary session which will be led by Mr. Adam Geren from FAO. But before I pass the floor to Adam, I would like to say some kind of protocol for all of us, how we conduct this webinar in the rest of the hour we have this afternoon, especially for the audience, all participants are requested to keep their audio and video muted to avoid any interference at the background. So please help us to improve or make the quality of this conversation better by doing that. And if you have any questions, please use the chat feature or chat box. If it is only a comment, put a C in your chat, but the rest will be treated as questions or concerns that you have. This will be saved by the host to capture your questions. For those who are speaking in Bahasa and you have difficulties in conveying your message or concern, please do type in Bahasa Indonesia. We will capture that and certainly we'll address them, don't worry. In the breakout session, we will have four rooms, as I said earlier, and that will last for one hour each. And participants who have been choosing their preference to be, you will be assigned to the room you are interested in following your registration. This session is recorded and by doing that, all the presentation and conversation will be well captured and will be posted in our website a few days later. And for panelists and discussion, I would like to emphasize a number of things. One is about the moderation process. So we are expected to be punctual in all the sessions so that we can have the breakout group effectively and going back to the plenary session timely. So please, with the help of the host, you will be reminded from time to time about your deliberation. The time slot is one hour for the breakout, but it will be very quick and fast if you have a very active people. That's what we are expecting. So make sure we don't over time for the breakout session. The panelists are requested to mute their microphone after they have spoken. So again, this is for the sake of the quality. And then for panelists and discussion, we again would like to have you back in the briefing room so that we can make a quick kind of evaluation and perhaps accommodate your suggestion about the way forward. This is very important while the iron is hot. So please come back to the briefing room. So that's all I have to announce and without further ado, Adam, the floor is yours. Thank you, Pak Daniel and C4 as the main organizers of this session. I hope you can hear me okay. Please confirm. Very well. Good. Thank you. So firstly, everybody, please join me and welcome our plenary speakers today. We have three distinguished experts who share their knowledge and their perspectives on criteria and indicators for peatland restoration. We have heard in previous sessions that the criteria and indicators should have a balanced approach. They should cover all four aspects of peatland restoration, not only the biophysical but also consider the social, economic and the governance aspects. I won't go into those points. That's the job of our expert speakers. But please allow me to add one UN perspective and a global dimension to our discussions today in introduction. So I'd like to plant the seed in your fertile minds to grow some ideas on how these peatland criteria and indicators can be included in the wider global agenda for the sustainable development goals. Importantly, I ask how we can get these peatlands better recognized in the big long-term push for the UN decade of restoration, ecosystem restoration, which is just starting and will go for 10 years. So please think about how the final conclusions from this event could feed into those global processes. This would really provide a head start to get peatlands noticed and acted on with high level attention and potential future funding. Enough from me. Let's get straight into some of those details and hear from our expert speakers. In this session, we'll hear 10-minute presentations from each of the three experts. Our first speaker is Pak Budi Wardana, who is head or deputy head of the peatland restoration agency, B. R. Gaye, and where he is responsible for planning and cooperation. Pak Budi, you have 10 minutes. Please start your presentation now. Thank you. Thank you, Adam. Let me share my presentations. So I was given the title for the presentation's process for peatland monitoring and assessment. This is for the session one planary. So the background, pardon, is it clear? Yes. Yes. It's okay. Okay. So for the background, the peatland restorations, when we receive the mandate to restore the peatland. Actually, the peatland restoration is not conducted in empty landscape. That's already land uses, land management, and activities using the peatlands. So when we start the restorations, we have to deal with various stakeholders and land uses, different interests, different requirements, approaches, and we have to strategize the effort to restore accordingly. So we take the phase approach and various restoration strategy is conducted from rewetting representations and also revitalizations. And also we need to have the restorations going on on the ground. And it requires the governance system at the village level so that we develop the program we call this up to Ligambut. So different approaches and strategies might require different indicators. That's what we discussed for the four series on the criteria and indicators. And also different approach on monitoring and assessment of those criteria. Moreover, the regulations on peatland, of peatland degradation according to the peatland ecosystem functions. There's ecosystem functions for protections, ecosystem functions for enable for the cultivation. So we need also to strategize our approach in the restorations, taking into account the degradation criteria that already been enacted in the government regulations. So for us, indicators are useful to measure progress over time and then also provide information relevant to the restoration measures. The indicators are also useful to measure the project impacts, outcome output and input and that are monitored during project implementations also to assess progress towards project objectives. And also identify areas that requires increased attention by any relevant stakeholders. So we should facilitate the need of stakeholders for the better conditions of the peatland. And also because we use the indicators to evaluate the impact of our restorations, the indicators should be monitored. For us, there are still changes in monitoring methods and assessment include the cost for the method for the monitoring, the time, the ease of use of any method, reliability and efficacy, the efficiency for adjustment and corrective actions, the effectiveness for adjustment and corrective action. So one of the main message that I would like to convey to you all is the use of the remote sensing technology. With the help of FAO, we do the analysis and modeling of groundwater level from soil moisture map and combined with the on-field measurement equipment, we try to make a process of what it is modelled from the soil moisture map to indicate the probability of the field groundwater level would be. So we use the SIPALAGA as the verifications of the model that we build together with FAO. It is the first indications that we use to measure the progress in terms of biophysics, especially on the hydrology of the peatland. The other part of the aspect of peatland monitoring, peatland indicators is the need to develop governance system, improve the governance at the village level. As I mentioned before, we do the program to empowerment the community group and village government with the program called Desapaduli Gambut. Desapaduli Gambut and combined with the revitalization of the economy of local community might result in changes on management and allocations of land, including peatland, and thus have direct positive impact to support restoration and sometimes to help the further degradation. For monitoring the impact of TPG, we use the index desamembangun that was developed by the Ministerian Pembangunan PISA and Daira Tertinggal, what it is in English. Daniel will explain it later. And then adjust this IDM, the index desamembangun, accordingly for villages on peatland. That's mostly on the economic, social aspect and also the environment aspect of index desamembangun. So at a glance, we can see that in the PRIMS Gambut, the monitoring platform that we have, we call it PRIMS, peatland restoration and information system, we call it PRIMS. And we can see in this that on the villages that already have a program called Desapaduli Gambut, the red dot which indicates the hotspot are less compared to the other area that not have the TPG. So why don't we do all the villages that have peatland, the similar TPG, Desapaduli Gambut, the most reason for not having all these these villages having the TPG is of course a classic reason, it's on the funding. So you can see all that Desapaduli Gambut is not only implemented through APBN, but also Mitra or partners of PRG, such as the Mitraan, they have also helped us in developing the TPG and also the private sector. Private sector has their own program, actually they adopt the TPG program for PRG and we signed the MOU for having those program developed together. So PRG provide the materials, provide the expert and also provide the supervision of the TPG that was implemented through the private sector's improvement. So the other issues that we discussed is the economic aspect of TPG and indicators, that our main aim actually is to transform the business model on peatlands, that might help further degradation and support restoration while reducing the greenhouse gases emissions. So it needs to be combined, the monitoring of the reduced greenhouse gas emissions as the CER and the MRV for the emission reductions. We use the general economic models from input process and then output and then we analysis further the peat restorations in which as a special case, the environment aspect of the peatlands will be the main platform of all the social and the economy. So we use the inputs of peatland ecosystem as the services, as the provisioning services, regulating and so on and so forth. And then the process that we put there to improve or to restore the ecosystem services through reverting refrigerations of degraded peatland and the expected output that we should also monitor as in degradation halted. So we need to show that all the activities relating to the river will in the avoided emissions from fire and decomposition, avoided floods and loss of land mass and so on and so forth. This is just an illustration that we need to deal with to see that the income and also the values will be improved, although the activities from the activities, the business process that they made the peatland ecosystem and then transformed into non-degrading activities would not undermine the income and value and might be attracted more revenues from the carbon trade, but we should have the carbon trade recognition. So in concluding remarks, the restoration of degraded peatlands takes decades to recover. So we need a long-term comprehensive and continuous monitoring equipped with the scientifically robust criteria indicator and we should also consider the cooperative indicators as the keynote from Nasir. It is imperative also to continue the exchange of knowledge through the interactive discussions on scientific ways to use criteria indicator approach towards monitoring and evaluations of peatland restorations that we face because the dynamic of the pressures of our peatland and also the growing demand on proper peatland management as part of the climate mitigation aspect, climate mitigation effort. The monitoring approach and also the advancement of the remote sensing technology is growing, but still some indicators require data from the field network. So this is the the method of monitoring and then the choosing of the appropriate indicators for a certain criteria will be important for them. BRG will greatly benefited from the development of the principles criteria and indicator for biophysical, social, economic, and governance active good, providing synthesis in the context of ongoing restorations and identify possible step of verification process. That's important for us especially if the president give us the second terms of our deliberations for the preservation of peatland, the sustainable management of peatland, and halting the particular decisions of our previous peatland. So thank you, Mr. Adam. Back to you. No, thanks to you, Pak Budi, for your excellent coverage and sticking nicely to time. I very much appreciate the comments that you made about valuing the input on the criteria and indicators, so this session we hope will be useful for BRG. Thank you, Pak Budi, and also to Pat Nazir. Unfortunately, he wasn't here, but I hope you will pass it on to him. We very much value the collaboration with BRG. So let me move on to the next speaker. Our next second speaker is Professor Mark Reed, who works for several universities in the UK. He's worked on conducting research and leading programs with sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management, and he's also been working with FAO and UNEP and partners through the Global Peatlands Initiative. So working on developing a set of indicators for sustainable management for peatlands. So without wasting any more time, I'll hand over to Mark. You have 10 minutes and the floor is yours. Thank you. Thank you very much indeed. It's a pleasure to be here again. I'm going to try to take a fairly critical approach in this talk at some of the insights that I think have emerged across this webinar series and assess some of the shortcomings of criteria and indicators before considering some of the types of work we might want to prioritise as a community in this area. So to start with, I'm going to take a critical look at some of the things that we could perhaps do better and suggest four things that could perhaps go wrong. I'm just going to turn off this computer. So first of all, I think it's quite tempting to rely on single indicators or a small set of indicators of a similar type, for example, biodiversity, climate-related or hydrological indicators. To realise why this is so dangerous, I think we need to remember the definition of a good indicator, which is of course a sign or a symptom of something. An indicator is a sign pointing us towards the reality that a peat bog is degraded or in good condition. It is not reality itself. Of course, you can also think of indicators as symptoms. So a headache is a symptom of many different types of illnesses. So I don't jump to the conclusion, if you tell me that you've got a headache, that you've got meningitis. But if you're sweating and telling me to turn off the lights, then I might well conclude that I should take you to the doctor. The point is that I am triangulating or checking between these symptoms before I conclude what I think is going on. And of course, it's the same with a peat bog. There could be many reasons why biodiversity indicators, for example, could be declining, including hunting and diffuse pollution that might not be related to the condition of the bog itself. So rather than concluding that I need to rewet the bog, I look for the source or causes of the specific issues those indicators point to, rather than inferring any wider issue until I've triangulated my biodiversity indicators with perhaps some climate or hydrological indicators as well. UNOXA isn't to come up with clever indices that integrate multiple indicators into a single value either, losing all the granular insights that each individual indicator could have given us. What we need is a diversity of indicators collected over time. And I think it's really important to emphasise the time point here. We need time series data if we're going to detect trends in indicators and avoid misinterpreting unusual years and taking action that potentially makes the situation worse. Of course, dry years is the classic problem when everything looks worse in a drought. But of course, nature has a way of recovering. And if we can measure over long enough, we see indeed that things get better over time. The second issue is reporting indicators without contextual data that we need to interpret that evidence. I've talked about this before earlier in the webinar series and it's a constant source of frustration to researchers who want to compare their research to your monitoring data or to synthesise your work in a meta analysis. If you didn't report a few basic things like the peak type, location of your site or its altitude, so others don't know if they're comparing like with like when they read your work. Next, I think we need to think carefully about trade-offs between accuracy and ease of use when we are developing indicators. Some of the most accurate and reliable indicators can only be measured by researchers with specialist training and expensive equipment. But that shouldn't stop us developing proxies that could be collected more easily with less resource enabling citizen science and monitoring by practitioners and agencies that don't have the same resources as researchers. And the other thing that frustrates me about many attempts to monitor indicators is their lack of connection to local communities and to the issues that affect them. While your government and other national and international stakeholders might be most concerned about climatic indicators as they chase their net zero targets, local communities may be more interested in indicators that might tell them whether or not they need to change their management practices to protect the fish they rely on for their livelihoods for example. If we want communities to get involved with monitoring and benefit from this work as Budi suggested that we should, then we need to get them involved right at the start when we are identifying indicators. Some of these indicators might only be relevant to one region and they're unlikely to be on the core lists of indicators. We would prioritize as researchers or policymakers but that additional work to collect data on these indicators can make the difference between whether you engage and benefit local communities or not. But if you want to engage local communities it can and should go beyond just consulting them about what to measure. They may be able to get involved in data collection, in the interpretation of data and in the management response to the findings of management work. Too many indicator data sets sit on bookshelves or inform a policy without delivering local benefits to stakeholders. I believe we need to empower communities to engage more in collecting and interpreting monitoring data. Booking the youth directly in their own management decisions. This was a focus of my PhD research with local communities in Southern Africa. In this screen you can see communities ranking in the data based on a combination of both local knowledge from interviews and knowledge from the scientific literature. There's a little bit of background noise. I'm not sure if anyone can work out where that's coming from and it's forming. So the second and final thing I wanted to talk about was the kind of indicators and criteria that might be useful. Now in medicine this is a crazy figure but apparently it's estimated that over 80% of medical research is a quote wasted. And when I say wasted we're talking here about research that can't be used in evidence synthesis that would ultimately inform evidence-based medical policy or practice. While our monitoring program might answer the questions that we have posed for our specific purpose or context none of us want to design our work in ways that will prevent it from ever being used by anyone else to inform policy or practice. And the key issue here is that different teams measure and report different indicators in different ways so that the findings can't be compared or synthesized. This is a problem because we know that policy should be based on evidence synthesis not on individual studies to avoid policy flip-flopping as studies reach different conclusions often for very legitimate reasons because as I said they measure different things over different time horizons for example. Of course for all the reasons I've given in this talk we need a diversity of different indicators and the freedom to measure what we think is important but we must balance this against the need to synthesize and compare for evidence-based policy and practice. So to enable future synthesis we need agreement on a set of core indicators that can be measured by the majority of monitoring programs in comparable ways. My colleagues and I as I described in one of the earlier webinars are working with UNEP's Global Peatlands Initiative to do justice for tropical and UK peatlands. The write-up has been delayed but we are hoping to have a paper that that many of you who've been put it can comment on by January. To conclude the task of identifying and measuring criteria and indicators to form peatland restoration in my opinion goes way beyond just identifying and measuring indicators. What we measure really matters but so too does how we collect and interpret our data and what we do with the insights we get from our monitoring. This webinar series has shone a light on some of these issues and will I hope enable us to all move forward together to take a far more sophisticated approach to these issues. Thank you very much Mark for that very cautionary kind of some of your cautionary comments on things we need to be aware of when we're considering developing indicators that's pretty important to keep us grounded in this work as appropriate in the plenary session thank you. I note we're doing okay for time and I can't promise we will have time for questions but I see a couple of questions being written in the chat box and I encourage people to start putting them in the chat box and if we have time at the end of this plenary session or sometime event today we will try and get to answer those so but at this stage the proceedings I would like to move on in case our next speaker actually answers some of your questions and I would like to introduce our third speaker Dr. Harry Pernomo who works at C4. He conducts research on criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management generally many other topics but today he'll be speaking on defining and measuring peatland restoration so Harry you have 10 minutes the floor is yours thank you. Okay thank you. I will sign my screen. So I hope you can see my screen my presentation set so the title of my presentation will be criteria indicators for defining and measuring peatland restoration when I read myself Harry Pernomo working at C4 as well as at the IPB university so first the CNI criteria set is useful for not only measuring but also defining what good peatland restoration is and also as Pah Boody mentioned elaborating the peatland restoration concept sometimes quite quite abstract to more practical as well as assessing measuring and monitoring the process and progress and also the CNI is useful for communicating and reporting the status and the condition so if you restore your peatland in one place how to communicate and CNI is very very useful for doing that this is the picture of when we with Pahariz when we launch our book on the learning from the ground on the peatland restoration and why I mentioned that CNI said able to define peatland restoration because we know what principle to admit in the peatland restoration the principle with the good and also understanding and sharing what a good peatland restoration is also where how the world will perceive your restoration effort this is a way to understand each other a way to communicate your work on the peatland restoration so this this is what we call CNI structure that we did in the sustainable forest management so the structure is a hierarchy as you see there's a goal for overall peatland restoration and the structure of PCIV principle criteria indicator and verifier that embraces the aspect of Daniel Manzan environment economy social aid governance so we have a goal principle criteria indicator and some verifier principle is fundamental truth for proposition that serve as a foundational system of belief or behavior for a change of reasoning so there is a fundamental truth and then unless you have a criteria used to assess judge their compliance with the principle and also an indicator that able to indicate the status of criteria and those must be minimum and localized to meet the context and also very important to able to make use the collected collected existing indicator of verifier so that is there's already this upper delica mood how to make use of of existing indicators there this is the structure and also from our password password there is nine point to determine the suitability of CNI as adopted program at all 99 relevant related logically to the assessment group and also precisely precisely defined diagnostically specific easy to detect record and also interpret interpret this is important real reliable and also adequate response to range to changes at level of stress on the peatland governance ecological economic and social system so indicator must be quite sensitive to change also provide a summary or integrative measure over space and over time for BRG for reason able to conclude at the provincial level or national level also appear to user who are going to to use the the criteria and then the verification procedure must be cost effective it's not very very expensive cost effective and also quick simple and understandable so understanding the the difference between input process output outcome and impact base whether indicators indicator of input or indicator outcome they are equally valid fsc for instance mostly based on the indicator outcome but iso iso is mostly based on the indicator input and process it also transparent and possible in order to be acceptable so it will be transparent and this need to be tested yeah we cannot hypothesize or indicators from here you have to hypothesize some indicators than test data on the ground also the the difference between generic for a traditional level for instance and also localize cmi as my creators already underlined this generic means for the whole group of similarities not specific to any side but then can be modified and customized to comply with local condition where is the condition in punkalis is different from papua should be different indicator of verifier fsc for restorative constant usually all the only defined principle and criteria but indicator is nationally defined or more sub-nationality defined is the generic well is adaptable to all types of tropical between situation and as an operational as mother said it's like a mother that you can derive more locally relevant specific cn9 and what's if for the rock uh software call it a cement criteria indicators modification and adaptation to so we have generic one and go to a specific um pick plan uh historical unit and then how to uh to adapt and modify with of course with uh local stakeholders there and to meet the local interest something like probably want to restore but at the same time want to develop uh alternative likelihood there just from our work in in punkalis rio and and and then after you develop a cni also important to do assessment and monitoring we did in the past years using multi-criteria analysis technique to score the goal so we integrate indicator indicator into criteria then into principle and finally we can we can agree what the overall score of the goal having clear standard norm and knowledge what whether it's more modern scientific or passive knowledge also representativeness in term of scoring assessing we aware that even sustainability is locally and culturally defined as margaret mentioned also transparent and the assessment can be part of the evaluation sometimes for judging but always very important for adaptive goal management learning for improvement you are not good in certain kind of indicator then how you uh you understand and then improve it this is the uh what important for for improvement and the key messages the last my last slide cni is a way to define assess monitor and communicate the commitment is important people and restoration effort cni can be structured hierarchically as a pc i3 and needs to be logical simple and reliable among others and understandable understand the whether it is generally and also localized and localized to be relevant with local context and also important to understand assessing cni in particular side for improvement learning for improvement also integrated cross time and also spatial scale okay that's all what i can share with you uh guys today thank you uh adam back to you thanks pack harry and all of our speakers uh from from my side that's been uh a very broad but also getting into the details of some of the measurement of those indicators uh so all of them all of you three have contributed excellent presentations i'm also noting some very good questions in the chat box and in fact even more impressive i'm seeing some answers from the community so i encourage you if you haven't got uh you haven't read the chat box yet please look at the chat box there is some excellent uh questions and also some answers from this peatland community we have established on this webinar and some links to websites or papers field examples from others like yasaya which is fantastic so please look at that i actually looked and considered that many of the questions were kind of half answered in the chat so in the interest of time i will hand back to rupesh to lead us into the next session but if anybody feels they have not been properly answered please let us know in one of the other breakout groups you will have an opportunity for input there but we are well on time and i think we should continue to uh to the next session but thanking our final speaker thanking our speakers again and i hand back to rupesh thanks very much


Welcome to JSA TV and JSA podcast, the newsroom for telecoms and data center professionals. I'm John Maxleam and joining me today is John Clayes owner of DC on Green over in Belgium. John, thank you so much for talking to us. How are you doing? Thank you, John. Thanks for having me. I'm doing very well. Thank you. Thank you. Look, your work revolves pretty much all around sustainability in the data center space, not just in Europe, but even beyond Europe. How would you describe the current state of the market when it comes to the sustainability? Are we on a journey to really be green by 2030? Okay. Well, I think, you know, after a decade of preparation, you know, with European code of conduct, for example, also a little bit of lip service and creative marketing, I think we have finally entered the decade of actions, you know, all the way up to 2030. And I think the reason for that is really coming from three vectors. One of them is consumers, customers. They all indicate that they are looking or demanding sustainable products and services. I think there was a survey done by 451 indicating that the number one driver for co-location operators to implement sustainability and efficiency solutions is really customer demand. So that's the first one. The second vector, I would say, is competition. I mean, there's a lot of big names, Microsoft, but let's, you know, let's say all the hyperscalers in general are really leading the pack and that obliges the rest to follow. And I think these companies realize that in order to become sustainable, you know, as in survivable, you need to act sustainably as well. So that's a second driver. And the third one, maybe the most important one is legislation and government action. And of course, here in Europe, we had the European Green Deal in 2019, which is really setting the benchmark for the industry towards carbon neutrality in 2030. So I think those three things have made sustainability a hot item. It's really table stakes instead of nice to have. And this is very all. I think the policy point is very important because we are really now seeing government stepping in, especially in Ireland. We've seen it a couple of weeks ago. Quite a few data centers almost being put on hold over power. That's interesting. And actually, as we were just talking, just had a notification coming in from KTS, which is probably the third annual sustainability report. So I mean, it's a hot topic. Everyone is talking about it. But speaking of operators and not just the Microsofts and the Googles of the worlds companies like KTS, Equinix, Digital Realty and then even the boutique big center players, what would you say is the biggest mistake or the one thing they are not really looking at properly when it comes to sustainability? Because as you said, this is no longer about it's a nice thing to have. It's something that you just need to get on with. But what's going wrong still? Well, I think the danger is that sustainability is maybe considered too much of an isolated topic. And that operators might lack the holistic, the system view of things. So in the past 10 years, we had, as I said, the EU code of conduct. There was some focus done with the PUE number and that was it. I think we're now beyond the stage that that is sufficient. It's not enough to have a good PUE. It's not enough to have 100% renewable energy. I mean, it's applaudable, but it's not enough. We need to look at the data center from a holistic point of view, like an ecosystem. A little bit like the nature-based systems. It's an interconnect ecosystem with inputs and outputs. And yeah, I think that's a danger, that it's not being looked at holistically enough. The second one I can think of is, and it's linked to the first one, is the fact that operators are missing out on the IT part and specifically the software part. Because in the past, we've been focusing very, very much on the building and maybe not enough on the reason why the data center building is there, which is the IT load. And I know most co-location operators will argue that, okay, the IT equipment is not their responsibility, it's their customers. But nevertheless, I think we should break that barrier and have more interconnectivity, more cooperation. And I think there's even an opportunity for COLOs to provide additional services in that space by looking at things like virtualization of servers and virtual machines, idle server detection, and most importantly, software. There's an immense potential for green software engineering. There was a report also recently indicating that you could say that 35% of energy by having a green energy efficient design. And luckily, that's also being picked up by the industry with the green software foundation. But nevertheless, I think IT and software is the elephant in the room when it comes to sustainability. So that's the second one. And the third one I can think of is greenwashing. It's never completely off the table. I mean, as I said, the industry has been created with PUE numbers in the past. You now see this plethora of programs around carbon neutrality, net neutral. It's not always clear what the operators focus is, what the scope is, how funded this program is. And I think there's a bit of a danger that it's, again, overshooting. And yeah, not going to the real fundamentals, which is, as I said before, it's looking at reducing the emissions. So it's a net zero objective we have. And this is for the whole value chain. So not only the use phase emissions like, you know, scope one and two, but also most importantly, the embedded carbon scope three emissions for the value chain. And I think that's really some way to go to map that carbon footprint. So yeah, there's a bit of a danger that we are using those terms lightly. So I think those are three interconnected but important observations. Well, I think they are really good observations because I mean, picking up on the last one, for example, scope one, scope two, scope three, we've only really just seen equinix recently announce a strategy to track down carbon through the different scopes. Because before it was always about we just buy green energy or just building a solar power farm or something. It's never down to the detail down to the supply chain down to all the elements within the data center to building and running off a data center. And also the employees. And on the software side, I think it's also a good point because actually there's this going to organization, I think it is an organization nonprofit organization based in Amsterdam or at least in the Netherlands, SDI, which work is basically just coding for data centers to make data centers greener from a software perspective. And they've been getting a lot of traction from companies like digital realtor interaction and everything. So we are seeing the needle moving slightly, but probably not as fast as we would need to. And I mean, we are in 2021. So we've got exactly. Yeah, that's why I said in the beginning, it's really the decade of action. It's, you know, another of the state of the small talk. It's actions. And I mean, there are actions out there. There's also the climate neutral data center pack, which is a very important initiative, which is also moving beyond PUE, looking at other metrics, water and circularity of heat and ID equipment. It's still a work in progress, but a very important initiative. So I think in summary, we need to be ambitious enough about sustainability. And there's one famous, at least while in Belgium and Europe, biologists, she wrote a book about natural intelligence, and she said, sustainability today is just about managing the dysfunction. And I think that's right. It's, you know, isolated solutions. I think the ambition should be to look at the whole ecosystem from end to end, holistically. And this is also actually where OCP and open innovation can play a very important role. It's really tracked the issue from beginning to end, not put on the issue to another person or another company. But speaking of tracking the issues, I mean, DC on green, tell us about DC on green. Where did you come from? I think I think that's quite obvious where it came from for the need of it. But what does DC on green do? What are you working on? And what's the plan for the near future? Okay. Yeah. So my personal background is really while about 30 years in total, if I add everything up, it's 20 years in telecom and IT. And then the last 10 years in data centers, design and build on data centers. So that really comes together in the current danger, which is DC on green, and which is all about the combination of data centers and sustainability. And the name is coming from that play of words. DCs needs to be on all the time. There's no arguing about that, but it needs to be done in a sustainable way. And it is possible today. So the mission of DC on green is really about creating or co-creating a sustainable digital infrastructure and assisting data center operators with their sustainability roadmap. And there's there's two tracks. There's one track is more consultancy. For example, BM assessment of new build data centers, environmental assessment. And the other one is sustainable solutions and products where I really where we act as a sustainability integrator. And one good example there is Ecosense, which is a partner and which has a product about cooling optimization. It's based on artificial intelligence. So again, linking everything, the software layers and the mechanical infrastructure. So it's based on an AI engine with smart sensors, and it will save on average 30% on the cooling energy. But that's one of the partners I work with. And there's a couple of others. And they do love a bit of augmented reality as well. They use a lot of virtual and augmented reality. Oh, yeah, it's like a gaming adventure. I mean, I remember, I think I tried it when they launched a few years ago, and it was quite, it was quite something. Yeah, yeah, it's very intuitive and intrusive as they call it. But if people want to get to know more about this young green and what you're doing, if they want to reach out, where could people go? Where could our viewers get more information? Well, there's the website, of course, these young green dot be. I think that you should work as well. What's information on the, as I said, consultancy services, some of the solutions I provide also some blog with, you know, recent clips of news. And then of course, there's the LinkedIn page, which is also updates both my personal and company page. Yeah, well, I have seen some of your blogs and they are very good reads. So people should have been with them. Thank you so much for your time for joining us as well. And thank you our viewers for tuning into JSA TV and JSA podcast. And don't forget to check out our social channels for more content. And until next time, happy networking. Thank you.


I just want to quick sell these dudes. What are the 88s going with cherry rice gotta go for a little bit, huh? I want to quick sell all these and just rip rip training varieties now chat Call me a crazy sickle right now all the cards I put in the set are in the set, right? Like I don't need to like I'm not gonna quick sell these dudes and got my set, right? I think they are. I think they are. I think they're already locked in. Let's go rip some some Let's go rip some TV peas So survivor. Oh Hot hot hot hot hot hot hot.  It was Ramsey Y'all must be on a big screen if you saw this I might go back to that never mind. Let me not mess up with the mojo Why would I do that? I did all up our monk. I hit the wrong button. Yo, this is the glitch, bro It's the glitch to pull him on this screen. It's the glitch I mean he's only 400k.   I'm telling y'all I don't know if we change off this screen for 600 now We don't change for 6,000 coins. We don't change for 6,000 coins boys. We don't change for 6,000 coins We only change for a big flop. I Told you we don't change. All right. I mean we're still warm. We're still a little bit warm We're not hot right now, but we're a little bit warm, so we don't change You know, it's crazy. There was five people when I was when I was quick selling all my legends The market's up for training sell all those legends Don't do it if you don't if you don't risk it for the biscuit.  Well, we hit it. We had a bump in the road change the camera change the camera change the camera The and go baby. There he is dude legend quick sell bro. I know what I'm doing.  I know what I'm doing now that we get our monk is a question. He really was an eagle That's nasty. Oh this card is actually goaded. I didn't know that changed for him This car is a this car is actually really good. Honestly. All right boys Here's our monk.  I I don't know I'd rather have a 6 7 80 jump guy than a 6 foot 99 jump guy But anyway, I will never put our monk on the eagle steam team. Nope.  I don't know there's to me There's one quarterback in this game and it's Elway and honestly It's probably the most pay-to-play thing EA's ever done, but not all have to be honest Why I'm playing much champions losing my mind, you know, I'm really about to take I'm really about to take cover four out of my audibles though, but Good way man third attempt. We're running that dog man The out of here dog. Like what am I playing this for and right now?   You're not allowed to do this You've been in the stream for one day. You're telling me how to play this. I know what the I'm doing, dude Dude literally joined the stream yesterday.  He's out. We can't have another number 81 can't have more than number 81 It's like that just can't be an option for us. Why is Casper catch baby? I Passed that up. It was almost bad for the boys. What are you going kids?  Why would I run the ball? He has seven eight people right in the line?  Why are we on the run the ball train like like what do you want me to run the ball when like what do you want to do? It was he he was getting bumped forever. All right. All right, but it took a while it took a while It took a while in my bed. I hate to run the ball. I really do I don't think you understand how this game works If y'all want to get on my chance to run the ball for two yards by all means have fun, dude I'm 35 years old. You want me as saturday afternoon. You want me to get on here and run stretch for two yards?  That's why we got to keep the man covered so he can't do that Now when he goes to this now we could we could switch around some But he gets that he gets doubled there And hopefully I could pop out right and get this slant out right. I mean it was waiting to see my play art Like what are we doing here easy? No, bro. No, that's input lag bro. That's input lag. That's input lag It's just no way we're this bad at the game, dude. There's seven. That's what I mean This was y'all trying to run the ball here Dog we're going to get an interception.  He's going to chuck the ball in the air boys. He's going to chuck the ball in the air Yes, good drop that hold that rb always hold that rb, baby Always hold the rb for the strip. I don't remember what madden it was madden 12 or something Bro, that right triggered that right bumper y'all some some people my old guys that played mad in that right bumper Maybe that's second level.  Hey, if you fry if he fries, he flies, baby. All right boys. Now we now we catch a uh Bro like this is what y'all do in the daytime. Is this what y'all do Bro, this literally the best little sling in the world. Like what are we doing right now? Palamalu.  He was new to the chat and was telling me I can't play man cup I want to see where that guy mirrors. Yo, trust your process We could we show up at the football field day in and day out day in and day out We lace up the virtual cleats and we play you don't switch up your after one drive You don't switch up your philosophy No day in and day out.  I don't know. He gave up now. Let's double team that guy with a deep blue over the middle Oh He went deeper to the well Backwards audible the backwards audible. Holy s***. He's in shambles. I mean, it's good That's fine. That's fine. You have one time out. What are you doing?  It's either punt or it's or it's or it's fourth in game It's punt or fourth in game kid Yo palamalu is actually cheese. Bro. He's like this card is terrible dog weapon acts getting the game I gotta switch from my dn to the other side Or there's nothing cheesy about this. There's nothing. It's just simply not good Can we just agree boys? It's simply not good. All right. Just put your defense on base line It's the whole offense is premised around a snap throw slant for five yards If your offense is built around a snap throw slant for five yards Like can it really be that good is my question onside kick. Come on Art monk debut. Why does casper keep getting in the game somehow boys?  Art monk going nuts.   What? Bro, we have to stop. We have to stop that please Bro, why do we all like why do we just like all What happened there dude? If he would honestly stop throwing slants Stop throwing these screens, bro. Like How the f*** are you this open over here, man? Bro, it's a vert hook right there. You're just snapping in the run like come on, man Getting hard boys. I'm getting hard.  For real? I mean, this is miserable. You know, it's crazy, though He probably beats the s*** of people with this.   He is why would you kick off? Why would you play this game like this?  Let's sweat this out like it's a real game. How about that boys? For the youtube Actually, I wanted to do that in a real game. I would fall down I get some one of my problems in recent years and man is that I don't play enough sweaty games I don't put myself in serious situations enough I don't even know if I would pass if I passed it would probably be on second down honestly And then you get a tough spot here where it's like, okay, I'm one conservative So I should be good. He's running a lot of match But this is where threat detector is great because I can know okay. He's in cover four for sure But I'm in the middle of the field which sucks. So we'll see what we can get I've been running this combo on a mall game been working. He's not blitzing anybody. I have this combo has been really working And we got shredded the hell 11 seconds. I'm fine with that. It might honestly be in bounce Nah, good job. Dovey. Good punt. Good punt. Good punt I really feel like this dude is one of like weak box me somehow and like just somehow I really feel like he has I feel like he knows something here like what the f**k It's a juice. It's a juice. It's a juice. Oh, I mean sometimes your best chance is to run the ball, you know


Ukraine's cluster munitions pose major problems for the Russian army in battles. Cluster munitions used by Ukrainian forces are remarkably effective against enemy troops. Deputy Commander of the Third Assault Brigade, Maxim Zorin, said in an interview with Envy Radio, our artillery men actually quite enjoy it when they are given a mission that involves using cluster munitions, said Zorin. But the enemy does not enjoy them at all because it is truly very unpleasant. As a rule, after their deployment, it is rare for anyone to remain unscathed in the area of application. It is a significant advantage. He noted that cluster munitions allow for covering the entire area where an enemy infantry group or their light-armoured vehicles disperse, inflicting substantial damage on Russian forces. Ukraine began using cluster munitions provided by the United States at the end of July. The White House explained that the decision to transfer cluster munitions to Ukraine was dictated by battlefield conditions on top of US stockpile of conventional artillery shells running low. The Ukrainian Defense Ministry emphasized that it would use cluster munitions only in areas of Russian military force concentration outside of cities to avoid risks to the civilian population.


My name is Jamie Scott and farm here on the family farm with my father Jim at Peirston, Indiana at 100% no-till and 100% cover crop on all our acres. Also have a side business where we help others get cover crops on their farm. We flew on 30,000 acres last year and probably touched about 60,000 acres total of trying to get those guys cover crops. Like I said, using cover crops and no-till on everything here, you know, we feel that that's the sustainable way to do things. Hold nutrients on our ground. We've got a hundred and some lakes in this county that we all feel like we should be part of protecting. We've got the Tipicanea River here, which is one of the most diverse rivers in the nation. There's some dangerous mussels still in there that aren't in other places and you know, we need to be able to farm and still have you know environmental issues in mind too. Using the cover crops and no-till to sequester carbon and build soil health up. Been in continuous cover crops for the last eight years on every acre. Before that was kind of just a few acres here and there trying to figure out what to use and when to use it. But by those eight years we've seen a real improvement in the plant health, the amount of nutrients that we have to apply. I think we're losing quite a bit of nutrients before. We're now we're making some of our own and scavenging them. But plant health is really a big big part of it to us. I'd like to introduce myself. I'm Tom Nelson from the Central Michigan area. This is my wife Lori and she and I farm here a crop farm operation organic crop farm operation and comprises about 700 acres of crops. We've been organic since 1996. I'll give you our crop menu includes corn, wheat. We do spelt occasionally depending on the market. We grow edible beans, navy beans for the last couple years. We grow for Gerber. We grow green beans and peas for Gerber baby food. We have rolling land, not the best of land. Probably what got us into organics more than anything else was tired of smelling the chemicals that I was using for the 25 years before I farmed organically and the marketing opportunities. They're very very interesting opportunities to feed people that are rather discerning of their diet and we're happy to be a part of that. We do use cover crops here. We use clover cover crops after wheat and we use old cover crop after soybean. Been pretty successful. We feel that doing this well certainly contributes a lot of nitrogen and organic matter to our soil increases the friability the till of the soil and it certainly keeps our hills from washing down into our valleys a bit which is part of the game. We have noticed over the years that our snow drifts aren't as deep as they used to be. It seems we get in the field earlier in the spring depending on the rains. More extreme weather events I would say. Of course memory is kind of hard to really trust. I'm not sure if it's me putting a label on something that otherwise would be really not significant really but to me it seems that we are having stronger rainstorm events especially this last August. We had about a half a year's rain in about two weeks. We picked up nine and a half inches of rain. Before that we had about four weeks of exceedingly dry weather. Makes you wonder makes you worry. To increase the carbon content of the ground through organic methods and through cover crop practices and through to the extent you can reducing tillage hey they're all pluses they're all things that we should do both financially for our own benefit and the benefit of people who will follow us. I'm Henry Miller Constantine Michigan. I along with my son are farming approximately 2,000 acres. To do a fairly extensive rotation of crops using growing seed corn, soy beans, wheat and edible green beans. As well as a whole series of cover crops. We've been incorporating dry grass on a good portion of the acres also some lacy radish and Austrian winter peas as well as you'll stand by is a rye cereal rye and when that's not readily available have used wheat as a cover crop. We intend every year to do a cover a hundred percent of our acres and with cover of one form or another. We irrigate all of our crops and that also even includes sometimes irrigating cover crops to establish stand. This fall here last week we actually had dry grass blown on and presently irrigating to incorporate to get that to germinate. We try to limit the very necessity in terms of the amount of nitrogen that we apply on our seed corn generally less than most growers are applying but I think we're depending a lot on the cover crops to produce and recycle nutrients feel that that's our way of making it more sustainable and improving the soils. We do use a strip till or no-till on all our acres which is also an attempt to reduce our footprint. I guess that in the nutshell is kind of what we're doing. Thank you. I'm John Burke I farm here in Bay City, Michigan. We're in the Saginaw Valley. We farm 2,500 acres of cash crops which include white wheat, soybeans, corn and sugar beets. We do a lot of cover crops for instance like when this sugar beet field is harvested they'll come in and we'll spread rye. We'll just discrip it in. The reason we discrip is we have a lot of heavy clay loam soils here and there's a lot of compaction especially after the heavy machinery hauling the sugar beets out of the field so we're worried about compaction so we're trying to bust that up but at the same time we're trying to add organic matter back into the soil and trying to loosen that top layer up a little bit. With our white wheat when we get that wheat off we come in and we'll spread an oil seed radish and there we're not using the typical tillage radish we're trying to use a variety of resistant to or helps with the resistance of nematodes because we have a lot of nematode problems here with the sugar beets and we also are developing some nematode issues with our soybeans as well so we're trying to maintain four and five year rotations with our sugar beets to help with the soil health but also at the same time to minimize our disease and our nematode pressures. We use a lot of fielder strips and what I mean by that is we plant grass barriers along our drainage ditches to try and help keep the sediment and our pesticides and our fertilizer from washing into the drainage ditch. Close to drain commissioners seem to like that when they don't have to come out and clean our ditches all the time because it helps prevent that soil from washing away. I'm also working with Dr. Dale Mutch and we're trying to look at different cover crop species that we can use up here in the Saginaw Valley following a wheat or maybe a peckle crop however we don't grow pickles but there are a lot of pickles that are grown in this area. Sustainability is a big issue here on our farm the last five ten years we've been looking at the different types of cover crops we can use. Manufactured fertilizers are great but they're not going to improve your soil health or your soil till. We've been also using a lot of conservation measures practices on the farm where we leave a lot of like straw mulch on top from the wheat or like after our corn is harvested we'll either leave it lay and no till soybeans into it or most of the time we'll just go through and chisel plow it or use one of these disc rippers to try and leave as much of the residue from the past crop on top of the soil. They help eliminate a lot of the erosion plus it helps to maintain the moisture in the soil when we plant in the spring. Some of the other improvements we've made as we've narrowed our row spacing up for our corn and our soybeans our soybeans are planted 15 to 20 inch rows and our corn is standard in 20 inch rows now. The sugar beet crop we have not changed yet we're still in 30 inch rows it's just a factor with the size of the equipment our heavy clay soils the narrow rows would be hard to harvest when we have a lot of muddy conditions. Martin Kleitschmidt has a 380 acre organic farm dedicated to livestock and machinery. In 1971 when Kleitschmidt started farming he began to transition from a commodity livestock-brained farm one that sold milk, pork, and grain of fat and beef to one that grows organic grains supports a small 30 head grass fed beef herd and grass fads about 120 head of yearlings a year. All the grassland acres on the farm were crop fields at one time but now they are in a recovery phase in grass to grow cattle and rebuild the soil carbon reserves. Currently the milk barn is vacant and used for sorting cattle and the hog barn is storage and in the process of being renovated for a solar array factory. Kleitschmidt is retired and mentors a young farmer in organic production and grass management. The mentee rents the 190 acre pasture as well as 125 acres of organic grain while Kleitschmidt controls 80 acres of pasture and has low-line angus and Murray Gray cattle. So I'm Jim Loback and we're here in the morning on a Friday. Farm is a relatively small farm we have about 25 acres of Montmorency tart cherries and about an acre of sweet cherries and we've been these were all planted in the early 80s and and we we've been farming them since. We have calcassians which I think has been renamed but anyway we'll call them calcassians so if you know a little bit about soils you know these very sandy forest soils and so we've installed irrigation from day one and we still maintain the systems although they're older trees but we still maintain them and feel that we get a good use out of that. Myself and my family have quite a few woodlots in along this road in the area and the wood is is not great quality so a lot of it gets chipped and I mix those with one of the things we do to kind of build up the soil is we we mix that with turkey litter and kind of compost it for a year or two and then we spread that on the orchards. We seem to be having more extremes in this area and I know all over the United States. Around March 10th we had two feet of snow fall in six hours and heavy wet snow and we really had a lot of damage to the orchards now that's not that's a was an unusual occurrence but what was even more unusual as we all know within probably 10 days of that storm we were in the 80s and spring started in mid-March and that certainly impacted this farm as well as all the other farms fruit farms up here in that we we had accelerated bud development and then a series of frost that took pretty much all of Montmorency tar cherries in the area certainly on my farm and and really devastated our our other fruit crops as well on this farm we had no fruit and that's that's a kind of unusual certainly we feel that in the last five years we've had we've started having these these extremes my name is John Caveny I'm a farmer from Central Illinois this farm is located in Puyatt County we have basically 35 acres of ground that we purchased in 1987 and then we rent another 20 or so acres this farm is really a grass farm we're in the business of turning grass into cash and we do that a couple different ways we we raise cool season grasses on this farm for animal feed and we raise the warm season grass the scant that's gigantic which you can see in the background for a renewable energy grass for baseload energy as well as a great perennial grass to sequester carbon the enterprises on this farm are bourbon red heritage turkeys Ruan ducks American buff keys cotton sheep and then we have managed to make this farm into a an actual production center whether it's a profit center yet it's still to be determined for growing the energy grass the scant this so we started out in 2002 with a couple grants from the Illinois Department of Agriculture and Department of Commerce and Community Affairs in conjunction with the University of Illinois Department of Aces to assess the availability of growing miscanthus as a energy crop or a third crop for Illinois and so at that time we established a mother bed which is now the oldest miscanthus on farm research plot in the United States from that we planted this track back here and this track has now become the base of miscanthus for the MFA well company B cap area miscanthus plots in Pennsylvania Ohio Arkansas and Missouri


The world of technology is always changing and moves fast. With each generation of wireless technologies, businesses have gained something new. 2G brought us digital cellular, 3G greater speeds, and of course 4G gave us streaming video. 5G is here, and maybe one of the most significant technological shifts of the last 50 years, with the ability to move more data, be more responsive, and to connect many more devices, including phones, drones, cars, robots, and more. And these are the capabilities that will make the promise of artificial intelligence and IoT a reality for business. But the transition to 5G will require a massive modernization of business networks that includes open source software and standards. This program will teach business managers what is 5G, what are the tools driving its evolution, and how to modernize their networks to enable business-wide digital transformation. In this course, you will learn about business opportunities with 5G. You will understand where we are in the 5G rollout and what to expect next. You'll also learn how 5G will impact your business and discover which open source technologies are driving innovation for 5G. And finally, you will learn what use cases to apply for business and network modernization.


It seems like we get only a very few news stories at a time and they suck all the oxygen out on all the other stories. Compare CNN and MSNBC against BBC for example, where you get many more national and international stories. We are distracted with the big stories, the most shocking disturbing stories, but we don't get the others, even though they may also be very important. Can we be fully informed this way? Doubtful. We need more news, more stories and fewer commercials of course. You can get much more news from the print press media, like the New York Times and the Post. It seems clear that most of the cable networks are not keeping us current, and that their viewers are losing ground for that failure. It's time for the American public to consume news from more and better sources.


Welcome back to my channel guys. It's your girl Coco styles and on this channel. We talk about beauty fashion and lifestyle But in this video today, I'm gonna show you guys a pair of sandals actually two pair of sandals that I purchased from stowed and I absolutely love them they're not that high and They are very comfortable in the material the quality is amazing. So I don't know if you guys checked out the thumbnail, but Here's my thumbnail picture I am a size Okay, I'm a ten and a half But I have wide feet So, um, I usually get an 11, but I'm noticing lately at the ever since COVID and the whole 2020 I didn't really wear much shoes like that and I feel like my feet have grown some So anything that has a mule or anything that's a mule I end up getting a 12 which is insane, right? Because we know that size 12s are really hard to come by even size 11s are hard to come by I am six feet tall. So my feet go with me But I did get two sandals from them These are the Frankie Roost sandals I got them in a Nude color And I got them in Actually the box Sorry guys, the box is saying tan But they're more of like a saddle color. I Wouldn't consider these tan at all But I'm just gonna go just jump right into it. It does come with a dust bag for What's that? It does come with a dust bag For your shoes, it's not two separate ones. However, it does have It's sewn in the middle so your shoes are separated. I hope you guys can see that so in the center here It's so bright. It's so bright outside today. There's some stitching down the center So each shoe can be in each side. So I'm not you guys can see this Logo That's one side and then there's another side. So that's I like that and it does have a drawstring Which is perfect? So here are the sandals They're not super high guys. Like I said Listen, I don't know about you guys, but ever since COVID hit I just haven't been in a mood to wear shoes I think my feet are actually wider now, but here are the shoes guys I hope you guys can see these. It's probably like a two and a half, two and a half inch heel It's not high at all. However, they're very comfortable. Like I said, I had the size 11 I just sent them back because my heel was hanging off just a little bit And I'm just like let me just go up a size, but the leather is amazing It is from Stowe. They are made in Portugal and They are size 42.  These are some really good quality shoes So I know that I will actually purchase from them again And like I said, this is a size 12. The color is saying tan So if you're looking on the website, I'm gonna link them But if you're looking and you see tan, this is tan. They also have black. They have I want to sell like a turquoise color, maybe and They're the pair that I got so I'm gonna show you guys that so here here are these I'm gonna post I'm actually going to show you guys with me these aren't with these on my feet guys And let me know what you guys think if you do have wider feet. It does have some Stretch elastic here on the sides This top part doesn't necessarily stretch even though it says ruching. It's just ruching is just the style of it But they they're gorgeous. I think they're really nice and to be honest I'm sure I'll buy some more shoes from them and they're comfortable. So I'll pop something in here for you guys to see them on my feet and This is the first pair So I'm kind of sticking with you guys check out my other video with my Brickston hat in my coach bag And I believe my Valentino I'm trying to stick with certain colors this spring and that is because I Think I can get a lot more wear out of stuff by sticking with like neutral colors. So Yeah Not saying that I don't like colors and shoes, but right now how I am feeling This is what I'm trying to do. I'm just trying to get a lot more wears out of a lot of my stuff Being from New York. I had every color pump you could possibly think of I had Every color dress But lately I'm just like, let me just put my coins where It's worth it. And again another dust bag. It's actually really nice dust bag, too The packaging is really nice when it comes. It's a simple red box They do wrap it up nice, but they logo on it when I did get these back I don't know what happened, but they were in the box, but they weren't wrapped in the little tissue paper I think FedEx did a doozy on the box and had to repackage them. I I think so here's the other color It's just the cream Ivory sort of color. Let's see what they have They have cream So they're cream But again, I'll pop in another Another Picture or video so you guys can see them on my feet also. I hope you guys can see this because It looks like it's really bright today here in Georgia But um, I love like I'm the material. Sorry. I keep saying material. The quality is Really good And again, I have big feet so I am not blessed enough to go and buy a Cheaper made shoe One I'm tall and I'm Heavy Not heavy as in weight, but I'm I'm a big girl, you know So I can't just go and buy shoes from like shoe dazzling like that. It's just not gonna work for me But yeah, so this is the last pair so Let me know what you guys think about this. Like I said, it does have some ruching here also and elastic I'm sorry elastic here For you guys who have like a wider foot But these are really cute. I think they're simple I think they're gonna be a staple of mine this spring with the other ones As a bit overboard if I get the black ones, but hey, I know me I know it's hard finding shoes in my size So if I can find it and I like it I get it Just so I won't have that struggle of trying to Look cute in the spring, you know, it's just it's not that easy for us guys. So He's the one it comes to clothes. So So my tall ladies you ladies know the struggles that we do have all the time, but coming from New York I never really had that struggle because it was just so many stores, but living here In Georgia, it's like I feel like it's a little bit more difficult. So I find myself still shopping at places up north And if I do get something here, it's something simple something simple So yes guys, so that's it. So it's the tan the tan of those and this is the cream one Let me know what you guys think in the in the description Sorry in the comment section About these sandals if you are not a person who likes super high heels. I I recommend these Like I said, the quality is amazing. I like the quality a lot. Yeah, they're really nice They're nice guys And they're made in Portugal I don't know and then the thing about is that my feet are wide too. So the way the inside is They fit fine Listen, I get my feet from my mother. I love it deaf But this is the struggle that I have as a tall woman With a larger foot, but if you guys like videos like this Please comment below and if you would like to see more videos like this also a comment below what you would like to see I do fashion for like taller women, but others can definitely apply to anyone honestly and And if you would like to something, please let me know hit that like comment subscribe button And if you stay to the end of this video guys for those of you who have subscribed You know, please comment Coco. We see you and I will see you guys in the next one. Bye


Madam Chair, Excellencies, distinguished delegates and ladies and gentlemen, WTBF 21 now chose to close. It was our first WTBF in 80 years, and it was also the first WTBF to take place entirely and plenary online. Over the last three days, more than 400 participants logged in to follow the discussion, and 40 sector members and close to 10 observers also joined us. Also, we are falling short, unfortunately, 10% of reaching gender parity. Over the first day, close to 30 ministers and other high-level public and private sector officials took the floor to deliver official statements. They highlighted the opportunities and challenges presented by new and emerging technologies in the world, where ICTs play a key role in people's lives. The forum then depth into the text of the five draft opinions prepared by the informal expert group. The discussions were robust and frank, and I'm very pleased that the spirit of a collaboration of our IT family prepared over the debates. These opinions sent a strong message to the world that new and emerging technologies and ICTs in general are essential to achieve the STGs and leave no one behind. So I'd like to take a moment to recognize all those who have made this possible. Let me start with all the members of the informal expert group, including the outstanding chairman in the person of Mr. Fabi Bigi of Italy. We are very grateful for everything this group has taken over the last two years. Yeah, we just mentioned it, 26 months. Our thanks also go to the chair of the forum. Excellency, the Minister for Communications and Digitalization of Ghana, Mrs. Osula Osu-Ekfo, Madam Minister, we can't thank you enough for chairing WTF 21. And for all you are doing for ICTs and ITU in Ghana, Africa and beyond. I would like to thank the vice chairs of the forum. Mr. Mansoor, our policy of Saudi Arabia for the Arab region. Mr. Alexander Oricovic, Mokri Yogyagin of Perugus for CIS. Mr. Victor Martinez, Vanigas of Mexico for Americas. Mrs. Cristiana Fluto of Romania for Europe. Mr. Ahmed Said of Egypt for Africa and Dr. Ahmad Reza Sharifat of Iran for Asia Pacific. Let me now thank the chair of the working group. Mr. Roberto Miswaki Hirayama of Brazil. And as a vice chair, Mr. Ayman Agurheira of Saudi Telecom Company. The chair of the working group too. Ms. Lydia Stefaksha Ostasiak of Poland and the vice chair, Mr. Ahmed Riyad Ismail of Huawei. And the chair of the working group of three, Mr. Jim Patterson of South Africa and the vice chair, Ms. Natalia Vicente of ESOA, EMEA, Satellite Operators Association. Now I would like to present the minister. What's your echo for and Mr. Fabio Bigi with a token of our appreciation. First, let me show you my certificate to recognize her excellency, Mrs. Osula, also echo for Minister of Communication and Digitalization of the Republic of Ghana for chairing the sixth World Telecommunication Information and Communication Technology Policy Forum 2021. And for her outstanding contribution to the union. Thank you very much. Thank you. I do hope I can hand this to her in person. And I have another certificate to recognize Dr. Fabio Bigi, expert and advisor to the Ministry of Economic Development of Italy, chairman informal expert group for WTPF 21 for his outstanding contribution to the work of the sixth World Telecommunication Information and Communication Technology Policy Forum 2021. Thank you very much. Good. I also want to thank the interpreters, captioners, and technicians who play an important role to help us for this conference. And that includes also the ITU's IS team, as well as all the ITU staff involved with the preparation and the running of the forum. And of course, in particular, Mr. Pritams and Beatriz's teams. Let me also thank all the regional coordinators, heads of delegations, and all the participants of WTPF 2021. And finally, I also like to thank the Swiss Authority and Geneva Authority to support WTPF 2021, including their commitment to give us CRCG, and also their very nice action to put the IT flag on the famous bridge of Geneva during the entire period of WTPF 2021. Now it is time to close this forum. I want to take this opportunity on behalf of Deputy Secretary General and three directors of IT management to wish you all a little bit in advance. A very happy new year. Our wish for 2022 is to build on what we have achieved here together to connect the unconnected and to drive the development of ICTs and new and emerging technologies for the benefits of all. Stay safe and see you soon physically in 2022. Thank you very much, Madam Chair.