Hey there friends, thanks for checking in. Today we're looking at an HK-USP expert chambered in nine millimeter. This is a large model with a 5.2 inch barrel. These are on a limited production from HK. So you don't see these around too often. It's a fine handgun. I've gotten a lot of great feedback when I originally featured it. People said that thing is amazing. Now these are most commonly seen with smaller models, a 4.25 inch barrel. That is available in 9, 40 and 45. This is in nine millimeter and 45. You're looking at 15, 1600 bucks in today's market. But it's a nice handgun. The USP models are very well regarded. The single action trigger is pretty amazing. Right at four pounds with that trigger pull. And we'll drop the magazine there. We'll do that again with a reset that is fairly short. Nice trigger pull, nice tall sights in the front, which is serrated black and serrated black rear sights. The grip texturing is really nice. All right, it's got some sandpaper-ish texturing on the grip panel and heavier texturing on the back strap and the front strap. Overall, very nice handgun. 15 round mags, I bought this used. It's like brand new condition. You can see that black nitride slide, not a scratch on it. Got a killer deal. But 15 round mags, they also make a jet funnel which would extend this piece here over and then 18 round mags are available. And I may go that route. You really don't need the jet funnel accessory on there, but it makes it nice, makes the 18 round mag a flush fitting mag. This has an ambidextrous thumb safety. So you move that there, it locks up the trigger, slide will still function, but the decockage just pushed down on it and that is ambidextrous. You may notice this unique looking rail here. It's a universal mounting system. Not much can be mounted to that. There are aftermarket accessories where you can put a pick rail here. You just fit it right in that slot, put a pick rail. It's as if it was manufactured that way, very cool. Overall, it's a great handgun. For a full-size handgun, it is really nice. Another thing that it has here, see that there? That's a rubber ring around the barrel. It actually hangs up just a little bit. You can feel it right there. It hangs up, makes everything nice and tight and they do include additional rubber rings, but that'll last quite a while. Love that single action trigger pull at four pounds. A huge trigger guard and a trigger guard magazine release that is also ambidextrous. It's rather small, but it certainly drops that mag. No problem. 15 round mags, you drop it with your trigger finger, your middle finger or to reach with your thumb will change the grip angle.  HK has what they call a recoil reducing system. It's kind of unique. All you do is pull the slide back a little bit, punch this pin out from the opposite direction and then pull it out. No need to pull the trigger. There's a look at the frame and then the guide rod is kind of neat. It has this plate over it and the guide rod goes like that. So the spring itself has some pretty good tension on there and then here is the 5.2 inch barrel. Don't see these round too much. People love the 45 model as well. And when I took it to the range, it shot very well. It took me a little bit to get on target. I didn't just take it out of the case and start ringing steel. It took me a little bit.  That's my fault. Perhaps I should have painted my targets. But the rear sight is serrated black. I mentioned that, but it's also fully adjustable. And then there is the tall front sight. So it's a nice handgun. I have no complaints with it. I like the way it's shot. Once I figured it out, of course I got a little bit better anyhow. But we'll get it on the scale here. The unloaded weight with the 15 round mag in there is one pound, 14 ounces. Here we have 16 rounds, okay? Considering the carry round, two pounds, four and what'd that say? Three quarters, yep, 36 and three quarters ounces with the HK-USP expert. An expensive gun, no doubt. HK must have discontinued it because it didn't sell too well. It's very expensive. I got it for a killer deal. I have to tell you. I want to tell you, but I don't. In another way because it was just a good deal. Let me tell you that. This thing is like new. Put about 200 rounds through it. I can't say I have a ton of experience. But the experience I had was really, really pretty nice. See, they claim that this gun will feed, fire and eject everything just fine. And for all intents and purposes, what it did with my range visit, the overall fit feeling finish is all HK. And that's what I wanted in a full-sized gun. So the HK-USP expert in nine millimeter. Would I rather have a 45? Yeah, I think I'd rather have the 45, but I got this for a killer deal. It's in excellent condition. And I like that de-cocking system. It's pretty cool. And everything else that it offers with a full-sized handgun, I certainly have no complaints. I look forward to doing more with this. If you like videos like this, please subscribe and share. I always appreciate thumbs up button. Thanks for watching and you guys be safe.


I was halfway through medical school. I was driving down the highway and my car just lost control. The teachers from Griffith kept in touch. They just say, when you're coming back, we're going to take this journey with you. I'm Dinesh Palapana and I'm the first quadriplegic doctor in Queensland.


We're about to call on the All right. All right. Next week. All right. You got Tom Duster is here online with us today. Uh Scott Holwitt here Lane. Here. Renee Davis here here. Uh Ken Houston here. Here. Chris Huffer. Here. Um John Gage. Here. And not here yet. But Cheerio. All right. Thank you. Um any questions or concerns on I did notice that I um attached something that was so that attachment of the um guiding principles should with November minutes. So you Okay. Anybody else? approve it. So move. Okay. Obviously not. Hi. Hi. Kevin. Yeah. Um The flow of the same range. one was 2.8. The 145 years for the average. Um the reason for that change or the difference there is so far in water. So that's not a good one. So it's about average. Um So the column of St. Brain and it's priority date of April 1st of 1879. And then the south by the color is the Riverside Reservoir. Well, the rough price Reservoir must not preserve is an elevation of 63.75. It's approximately 2.5 feet down from the year 2000. Union Reservoirs of the Gage from 8 or 9870. 850 down 2800. At the end of November, based on Reservoirs for 73.5. Do we have a couple to back me here? You don't. We don't have any development activity this month. Um, Roger, notice that the structure of it is a little bit different. And it has been since we started using the, um, agenda software that we've been using for a little while. Um, there's not really a way for us to do another indented 123 under the different categories. So, um, there's not really a way for us to do another indented 123 under the different, um, categories. So, each item is listed out separately in parentheses. It tells whether or not it needs action review. So, like here, we don't have any of either of those categories. But if we did have multiple properties or something that we were looking at, it would say the title of the property and then, um, action required or for information only listed at the end of that. Do you understand that? Okay. Yeah. Okay. So, this, uh, I've made a catch of mood. Um, so I'm just going to go through a kind of a summary where we're at today. Um, share a little bit. Um, I think we did call back in March of last year. Um, City Council took action that based on water towards recommendation to set the current fee for cash and loo which is a 48,500 based on the entire cost of providing a full acre foot of water to the cities portfolio. More specifically, um, used as a principal project representing that methodology. So we've been, you have been looking at that ever since then at your quarterly meetings. As you may recall, the current fee of $385 is in two components, one at $30,000 per acre foot, which is based at the water rate, the parent project water rate valuation. And then the second component, the $18,500 was the cost of the winning gap permit project. So the sum of those two projects, total cost $48,500 to get a primary foot of water to the water fee. So that's been in place for going on close to two years. As we look at those two different elements within that determination, we drill down a little more specifically into the winning gap project back in 2022, the same year when Council last set the current fee. The Platte River board authorized their staff to sail up to an additional 10,000 units of winning gap. And they, this year, 2023, earlier this year, they put out an RFP to for the sale of five of their unfirmed winning gap units. And they put that out in June. And then later that year, excuse me, with a caveat that the minimum bid that would be accepted would be $3.8 million per unit. So they received their bids and received a total of five bids for eight units. They ranked those in order of the bid offering. The top three bids were selected and those three bids represented five units that they were wishing to sell. So the next step in that process was to go to the Northern Subnist Report to receive their approval to make, to authorize that transfer. So in December of this year, back on December 7th, the Northern Municipal Subnist Report reviewed and approved the requested transfer of two units for the town of Bergen and one unit for the Little Thompson Water District. So those three units represent three of the five. The other one will be going to their reward sometime likely in the first quarter next year. After the Board acts, then the staff can move forward with those entities and actually developing a closing and having a closing that would transfer those units. So as of right now, they kind of, if you think of it in steps, they're kind of on step three for two, for three of those units, that being the actual setting and closing date and closing. The other one is like on step two, got to get the Board approval, then they can set the closing and close on. So similarly, like if you were buying a house, there's often you do a real estate appraisal.  Then you'll also have ones that are finalized. And so as we look at these particular bids, we believe, staff believes it would be, it would make sense to wait till those closings occur. Is it for any reason, those bids don't close? Then the staff would have to decide if they're going to look at a lower bid. And so the idea is that it's expected that, and hope that all five units will have been closed within the next quarter, although it could be sometimes the first half, which was 24. From what we've been told is that once those bids, once those closings have occurred, then Fat River will share with us, I'll say more details of what those closing amounts were. We know that they were at least 38. The equivalent of 3.8 million is that was the minimum bid. But that being said, it's expected that the weighted average for those selected bids will be around $41,500. So as we jump to the Whitty Gap burning project, as we talked about, there's been settlement costs from the lawsuit that we've had to work through and some other efforts. And those have increased to the amount of approximately $1,000 an acre foot. So that would adjust the current $18,500 to $19,500. So you take the two new expected costs, $41,500 and $19,500, it's expected the total project cost in order to deliver a firm acre foot unit of Whitty Gap water in the system will be approximately $61,000 an acre foot. So that's kind of the numbers behind it. Staff is recommending that any future caches will adjust, although we base some actual values attributed to the total projected Whitty Gap project cost and that final closed sales we use as part of that evaluation. So not just speculation, but not what we actually have closed sales. And so we're on the opinion that probably doesn't maybe make sense to make a have a recommendation for change until those happen. But that recommendation is certainly here for you to make. We're going to continue to monitor what the Northern Board Municipal Subnissue Board reviews, and we'll continue to have conversations with Platt River, but it'll be likely your next quarter review when we have open to those core sales. Let me say, as far as bringing in Jimmy Hollow that, those costs, I mean those finalized of the cost, finalization of those costs is out a year or so. About a year and a half, yeah. But now, are you saying, you're not saying you want to wait until the final before we just do this? Okay. So what you're referring to is one, so there's two parts, the parent project water, the water right, the Whitty Gap water, and then there's the Chimney Hollow curvy project. So what you're talking about is a Chimney Hollow curvy project. Yeah, that's going to take a couple years to complete. There's already money and reserves to help pay for unexpected overage costs. It's possible those could go up. Those, if they do, are going to be a much smaller value. It's going to be something like that, $1,000 in acre foot type of increases, as opposed to the value of the parent water, which is based upon whatever the market is. And that's where it's went up on the current $30,000 an acre foot to what's going to be projected to be around $41.5. Don't you say, I think at the last four, we've been talking about an outreach program that you guys had already started. I guess there have been like anything given to council that would delay this out like you've done here for us in a study session or executive session, just so they're aware that as well as developers are going to be getting us another $13,000 per acre foot. So we do plan on doing that. We're not at that point yet. We've actually been asked internally to look at additional options. Also, there's a little bit of concern about how cash and loo will affect affordability in the community and also looking at what future projects we may use. Now currently, or at least cash and loo, we've been accumulating for some time now. We used bulk of that $4.5 million when we entered into the contract with the mini gap firming project. We used the remainder of the five-mountain dam fund with the $4.5 million cash and loo. We had a bond that the citizens approved and then some money we had already been transferred to us. We had a consortium of money that we put together. The biggest item in that, of course, was the bond. So that we paid on. So we will use some of this cash and loo. The goods have been part of cash. Right now, we're being asked to look at different alternatives. And one of the things I want to do about Council Member Hardin on the spot today, I apologize, but I wouldn't kind of like, so we've had the opportunity to listen to a lot of staff work. We're reaching out where we can and we're reaching out really heavily to our planning department because they're a frontline working with the development community. We're reaching out to our economic development partners and our economic development city. So we're reaching out to that and then wanted to work with Lord Hardin and the Council. So actually anything that you could give us any thoughts on that whole subject, that whole, I guess I'll call it the whole what Council's thinking about on that. I guess the the thing that we would say about Wes's analysis is that it is the kind of analysis that a public utility would do and be limited to in terms of their rate setting, right, and sort of cost plus. And what that, what Wes went through very carefully is what it costs us to get that water from our primary water sources. So there are a whole bunch of other policy things that the Council will look at before setting the final fee limit. And Ken just hit on one of the big ones which was the city's needs. Like how much, what are the things that the city is going to have to use, the funds that those fees go into before. So if the city's needs are really urgent, we might want, especially if there's high demand for the water, we might want to set that price higher. What's going to be the rationale for that? The rationale is that we need some, okay. In other words, we're not a public utility. We're not limited in our policy decisions to cost plus. At all. There are a whole bunch of other policy matters that I don't know whether this board should be in the business of analyzing them or not, but we can tell you that the Council is in the business of analyzing them. What is just what other municipalities are charging in the same position? What is the plight of the fee and loom for really when it doesn't minnexation or Don's Town or any other musicality? But it's pretty enough to have the water part. And what we found the last time there was a major change in the fee and loom formula is that we were way down at the bottom. Way down at the bottom, like a factor of five difference between lawnmots being loom and everybody else's. And we're still on the lower end of that, although this, nobody else changes. This 61, predicted 61 would put us much more in line with other, with other cities. But then we have to figure out what the policy objectives are for the city and how much that fee and loom effects, whether it's a transaction, transactions that people developers, particularly women, make with the city enter into are impacted by the fee and loom. So if the city's policy is that it needs more development no matter what, we need to annex all the land we can, then we might want our fee and loom to be as low as we can afford to keep it. I don't think we would want to be letting land be annexed below cost. But we might want to go with this at cost or a narrow cost plus cognitive policy. On the other hand, there are a lot of people, a lot of voters, and they've really analyzed the results of the last election. There are a lot more voters than there were last time around who don't think long mom should be growing as much as long mom is growing. And that would translate into a policy of really jacking up the fee and loom because more developers would go away and go somewhere else. And then there's again the affordability idea of well, yeah, we want to develop, but we want to develop a lot of housing that is lower cost, whether it's subsidized housing or whether it's not subsidized, you know, it's naturally affordable to more people below the average income. And that would be a good reason for keeping the fee and loom low. But there's a catch there, too, the council can have a policy, which we did last time, of discounting the fee and loom in exchange for a covenant with the developer that they're going to produce affordable housing. So there's all kinds of knobs that go into the termination of what the final fee and loom is going to be. And at least some of those should be considered by this board. For example, a survey of what other municipalities are charging, a discussion with planning about what kind of applications they're going to get, an inventory of what the inexorable land is. One of the things that has been observed right now is that all of the land that is left in the Origen to the long-long planting area is hard to develop land. We've got, we've got, we're awaiting the outcome of a lawsuit for the Kanapolo Estates parcel, which is not hard to develop land. It's pretty much a long land. But it's hard to get. There's a fight over that land. And then there's a sugar mill area land, which is the epitome of hard to develop land. It's blighted. It's polluted. It's a mess. And there's no infrastructure, even adjacent to it. There's all of this blighted land inside the city, and that's already, so that we're pretty much starting from dust as you start to develop that land. Have you, have you heard from developers recently that it's too expensive to do business in the long run? Have you heard much of that? Oh, no, you don't always say that. Like the long-long way out of the range of everybody else in the area. No, no, no. They're not saying, they can't say that. You know, what, what, compared to a friend break or something, you know, there's just time to grow as hard as it possibly can. We're probably harder to work with. You know, we've got bigger land use code and bigger development code. And so, you know, you have to tone the line in order to get your projects through the process. And that gets said a whole lot. It's said a whole lot, but it takes too long. But I don't think anybody has ever said that the city won't work with us or that this, that the city's costs are out of line. I mean, everybody in this area, the cost of land is out of line with respect to the United States of America. But, but for our area, no, I don't think, I don't think that's true. Yeah. So, I heard somebody say the other day that the city ate up too many of the low-income housing tax credits so that their private low-income housing development is going to have to wait longer to get some. But that seems to be like whining.  There's a line of labels and buckets not very big. So, I'm not really advocating for a policy because I only speak for myself. You know, I don't think we should, my personal opinion is we shouldn't move the money on the table for commercial developers, but we should make allowances for affordable housing. And we already did that. You know, last time around, we, the policy now contains a reduced fee in the rate if there's a common development for us. So, I just wanted to talk about all the things that need to be considered. And I think at least all of the factual information needs to be brought forward by the staff and by this board. So, we need, we need all of the stuff about what's happening in the surrounding area.  But it's not up to the council to go and figure out how much all the other new municipalities are charged. It's not, it's not up to the council to go and figure out who's buying and selling water rights and for what. So, all of that stuff needs to be looked at. And, you know, maybe a trend analysis because, you know, there's no, you guys are professionals when you're adjacent to the business in one way or the other. The council's not professional in anything most of the time. And, you know, so we don't do stuff like trend analysis, right? That needs, that needs to come, right? That needs to say, well, you know, water rights are getting more and more expensive with respect to the cost of living, with respect to the cost of land. Or not. Good morning. Tom, you got any comments? I have a few, but I don't know that my voice will know. I just kind of, I just continue to advocate for the fact that I feel like it is our board's job to find out how much it costs the city to buy an acre of water. And all the kind of additional kind of planning, the most kind of pseudo-political kind of stuff is really not up to us. And that, you know, the professional role that we hold is just to figure out how much water costs. And I don't even know that what other municipalities are charging for their free and blue has really anything to do with us, either, because that's not our city. So in our city as a unique set of circumstances that, that result in whatever the cost is for us. So that's, I guess that's my two cents. Okay. All right. Thanks, Tom. Anybody have any more comments? I have, I have some questions. One of my first questions is, you guys are doing outreach to developers at one point to let them know that there will be an increase? Not that there would be, but that the name was suggesting it might be, yeah. As they've been going through the development review process or as they've contacted the contact and order division. So when they contact you, you let them know that there could be a change. Yes. Okay. How's that going? Like, do you have a sense of how many you've done, what percentage of folks know? Is it well known in the development, it hasn't been an outreach to the, to the impact? So as you kind of seen through the development review that you've looked at, there hasn't been a lot. So even since the March of 2022, since the last change occurred by for cash and loo, there's been a, I'm going to call it a limited amount of development that's went through this required water board action. And a lot of that has to do with right prior to Council's action in March of 2022, a significant amount of cladding that was sitting there and even annexations. So just a quick refresher, when you annex in the lawnmug, you transfer your historical water, that leaves a remaining deficit. At that time, you can satisfy all remaining deficits of pertinent to that annexation. You don't have to wait until a plaque. Most do, but you don't have to. So when the bigger change came out a couple years ago, some annexations came through, satisfied all the remaining deficit, which therefore allows them to develop a bearer timeframe whenever it is without having to bring more water or bring more cash and loo.  So I don't have the numbers in front of me, but it was a significant amount of the developer land within Longland. So in the last two years, there's been some development proposals that have come through that have some outstanding deficits. But on a very small scale, somebody that's got, I'm just going to make up a number for illustrative purposes, they may have less than a five-acre foot deficit. So as opposed to somebody that's coming in and has a hundred and fifty-acre foot deficit, it's a significant impact. And so there are also, another point is, there is a handful of developers that represent a significant amount of the development that's going through Longland currently. So in other words, there, I'm making this number a little bit up, but it's, I think you'll get the context. There are five or six developers that probably represent 80% of the development that's going on right now. And we've had conversations with those. Yes, there's going to be other developers that just come through. In any given time, a developer can walk into the city's development building and say, I want to have a meeting and talk about a project. But I think we've had a lot of conversations that are, everybody, those people that are in the development process now, we've had conversations that represent that roughly 80%. There's an expectation, they just understand costs go up with time. It's very unusual for costs to go down. So as they go through there, they're doing their own performance, they're like almost expecting it, not wanting it, but expecting it. And so that's kind of the conversations that we've been having so far. Great, great. Thank you. And I would expect that you guys are communicating with the planning staff and economic development staff, and you're not directly interacting with developers. Because again, anything you say can counter-tuitive of what's going on with planning. So you're just kind of guiding the ship through other city staff. That's right. We've had, we've had very specific conversations with the planning staff. There's been a pretty good turnover of new planners. And any time that happens, I've had more direct, comprehensive discussions with them about cash and loo. And so what's been happening most recently is those clearinghouse planners are suggesting that the applicant directly contact water resources. So something doesn't get lost in transition. So I've had and continue to have a lot of direct one-on-one conversations with the planners or the developers when they come through. And that process can take a while. So even though, even though you haven't seen development applications in front, doesn't mean there's some in the pipeline. They're just not ready or in a point yet to come before the board for taking action on. But I think we're going to see a few of those in, in the near future. I'd like to maybe draw the distinction that Tom was trying to make a little differently. Because it is not this board's charter to make policy. That's the council. But the council is not chartered to do sophisticated data analysis. The staff and the advisory boards are supposed to bring that forward. So, you know, as I recall, the last time we did this exercise in a big way, we had, you know, an incremental same formula recommendation that came from the staff at the water board. And we had people, public water, public is likely to be heard, pounding on the table and saying, Longmont is charging a fifth of what all the surrounding cities are charging. Why are we leaving this money on the table? And what we had to do as a council was send that question back to the staff. And it'd be great if we didn't have to do that because that, you know, this is the thing, Roger, to your previous question, developers hate uncertainty. Because every time there's uncertainty, it equals to delay. And it means that they've had to finance because if they get their financing lined up in advance, if they can't finance, they can't even do an application, you know. So they just hate uncertainty. And so the faster when we begin this exercise, the shortest time possible from taking up the question until settling the question, the better it is for everybody who does transactions to the city.  You know, they're not, okay, you know, there's one council member that goes through the witty gap meeting and eats the donuts and hears about the litigation and stuff. Hey, Brian badly thought those donuts were the only reason we're going up to the city. So, you know, but mostly the council doesn't even know, you know, that there are legal issues to be dealt with, let alone that they're going to impact the cost per acre foot of a firm. I'm used to all my words already. The cost of the water per acre foot out of Chimney Hollow is going to be impacted by those legal fees. So all of that stuff, the questions are that the staff and the board knows how to ask those questions. And the at least the data and the potential impact need to be part of the package that comes forward. What the council does with it. Yeah, that's policy. That's right. That's whether the council is still committed to more affordable housing or not. That's where the council is still committed to reasonable planned growth or whether the council needs more toward capping growth, as some city councils and other cities have done. That's council policy. But the data analysis that informs the policy making process is, we're going to depend on this board one way or the other with that analysis. And it's just a question of how many vouchers. What's anything else? No, I had one question and I thought when we first started knowing that this cash in the way we adjusted. Was there a thought that maybe water could be made to make a decision sometime in December or dead? Was that an optimistic thought? I think that was probably more optimistic on my part. I think I led the board to believe that and I thought that they were going to have closed sales by the end of the end of the year. But it's just taken longer than expected. And so again, that's where our recommendation comes to it seems to make sense to let that play out so we can know for sure what those sales and therefore today's value of that pair of water is. And then on top of that stuff, we'd like to be able to bring that to the board and then mention to council some of the data. And we have done that in the past sometimes.  Things like other cash in the policies. It's not as easy as saying this is the city chart, this is my system, this is my system.  All kinds of, you know, everybody does it differently. But yeah, we can update that. We one thing we would like to do is kind of goes back to the question about how much is out there we have a law and very long standing GIS map layer that we occasionally bring in the water board. And I think we'd like to bring that back to you and show you it has by partial by partial partial by partial and then try to see what's in it. What's not, what's only not historical, what's fully met, what still needs to be met. You can't granularly go through it, but it gives you a good visual and good base information on. So those are the kind of things where over the next couple months we're going to try to bring back and then possibly have enough information on the table for the March review. So we do appreciate all you're about now and then, you know, the suggestion and we agree with it, we do need to get a study session with council. So we kind of think through it because there are broader policy issues. I mean, we're good at bringing the data to you, but the policy and also advice, we appreciate the board and the council do that. So we'll continue to bring more information. Anybody else? Oh, yeah, I can talk about this all day. I'll try to make it short. But when I was reviewing the numbers that are in the current packet, I will say there was one year that jumped out at me. It was slightly concerning and that was the the the current proposed or somewhat proposed windy gap firming costs of 19.5. Those are below like inflation index, meaning they're too low. I mean, I wanted to be real, but I think we should also be aware that those should go probably at least about $5, which is not the big piece of the puzzle. It's a smaller piece, but I think we should be making sure that that signal is out there. That's just comparing to indexes. But when they're not going up as fast as the construction cost indexes, then I'm like, Hey, is this number still good? And if we're going to delay even longer, I think we should be aware that that number should go up potentially. Maybe not. And then another thing I wanted to communicate to you, I guess, to council is that avoiding rate shock is lovely, meaning keep the increases small and steady. I'm hearing there's, you know, let's not do it now. But I think reviewing it frequently and small increases that are more frequent sometimes can be better than a big jump and more palatable to whoever's experiencing those increases. So just as part of this stuff to keep in mind for future events, if we want to do a market based thing, we can pay somebody to evaluate the market for us annually or every other year, so that these things are going up more, more incrementally, but also maybe frequently, you know, keep it going. So that we're not behind, because I don't have a key for that. But just it helps think people are powerful and workable for the developers. Because as you were saying, they know things are going to go up. And if they get a feel for it, it's going to go up this much, you know, or if they can expect these increases annually, you know, we're looking at two years now that we're going to do this in March, we were doing it annually, maybe it'd be smaller steps and more palatable. You know, and that's a really good point. And it's kind of the thing that the council sells them questions, it's kind of metapolicy, right? How often do we evaluate this policy of outpolicy? And the council usually is not quick enough on its week to question that. So I think an annual review of STC, or cash and loo might be like, like annual inputs of some of the bigger is potentially useful if we want to go with market, maybe to establish a new one. But also maybe contract out, give them some money to get it done. You know, so that's just for the future. Yeah, and then there's another thing, because if you do it more often, then now you're shorter than the planning cycle for a development project. And so then you're going to have to say, well, which development pipeline is affected by this and which is not. But it's two years, then it's a little bit of an easier question. Well, and one of the things that's always kind of troubled me on the board is when we advise on a different cash and loo, and we advise this month. And, you know, if somebody doesn't know that advice is coming in this month, and when that exactly lands to council and following month, all of that stuff. That's another thing about annual that's lovely is if it were truly annual, and they can expect it, then it wouldn't be, oh shoot, I should have gotten it in last month. Which sounds silly, but if we're talking about increases like this, that's going to stink. All right, you know, so if they kind of knew to expect, hey, it goes up every April or whatever it is, then at least they could be like, well, I want to try to get it done by March. Right. So, so giving that normalcy, as you said meta, around it, so that it's normalized, that can help too. Yeah, and we just had that theoretical discussion with respect to the fee and loo of million for the units last month. So, yeah, it's that's really real. And it makes big difference to developers. So, yeah, anything that we can do to regularize the process and, and yeah, part of the problem was because of the pandemic, we didn't we didn't readjust that fee assessment as often as we had promised we would. So, that's what we're going to do. Anything else? I'm going to say that I did look at all in system development charges on a permanent basis from all the family and we're not that expensive. We're fairly inexpensive. We are, and that's going to compare to to stuff around. We are a little bit more on a spending side for a single family, but that's not necessarily where affordability lies. So, just one quick question or process. Yes, when a developer deals with his deficit, before applying, he's done right at that point in time. So, it could be three years before he does that development. So, and in between that time that he's settled that deficit, cash in lieu is increased by he doesn't have to then be done. So, yeah, so that's we've had some annexations do it now that have been satisfied for 20 years. There's been no development and the cash in lieu has changed 20 times up and down. So, that is an advantage for a developer. They told me that's why some of them have came in because it makes it, if you will, more marketable if you if you can sell it knowing to whoever and save the potential buyer. Regardless of what happens in cash in lieu of water that's received, you're satisfied. I don't remember if we saw this last time that you did. I'm not aware of the 20 times up and down in cash in lieu. I thought it was fairly static for a really long time and then we jumped. So, here's a historical trend line of what cash in lieu was over time. It could be interesting to see. So, you go on our website right now and we have a list from 1963 to current of every council action on setting the fee. So, starting at $100 back in 1963 to where it is today. It shows every change that we've highlighted it in red. There's not a line grab and says spreadsheet, but it shows that there was a period of time where it was changing frequently where I think we made four changes in one year, six changes in two years. Cash in lieu just trying to stay with the market in the early 2000s. So, usually it's not been huge and there's percentages listed there. So, you can see relatively speaking how big those changes were up and down. I think in the past 10 years we've done volume changes. So, it's about once a year. So, not much recently but right and because of the format that we've chosen to base our cash in lieu line, it's not as responsive to market changes anyways. That's right. Because we don't need cost inputs, we just don't really try to find out if they're right. So, we shouldn't be doing it having quarter frankly because we don't have the data that he suggests that that's changing on a quarterly basis that should be more than a rule. So, she moved away from using CMT as a barometer and she definitely has changed that right. Okay, move on. I'm going to go for the one. Yeah, thanks. Hopefully I can demo you. Yes, I have before you a proposed memorandum over the management agreement between the city of Longmont and the National Heart Service, the Rocky Mountain National Park. The city of Longmont owns 80 acres up in the wild basin area of Rocky Mountain National Park. It's just as you go in the park off of the state county road, there's an entrance station, you've got Copeland Lake. We used to also own Copeland Lake, but we exchanged that in the mid-1990s to the St. Green and left on a lot of Conservancy District for Golden Vonds. That was a good deal for both of us. But we still own 80 acres, which is really the willow cart. The main part of the valley predominated by willows, so we call it the willow cart. Very, very pristine area. We've owned it since return to the last century. I remember exactly around 1910 or so, we purchased that property. We filed for a reservoir site, the planned reservoir site in the valley at that point. Around 1915, we actually built Copeland Lake, the small lake there. We had a plan for about 1500 acres of that work. That never went forward. Quite honestly, the geologic conditions of the site wouldn't have allowed for it then, and even today, if it's all a glacial till, that would be a rock. You'd never be able to see it. And of course now, being all about that, you're really going to be able to build a reservoir there. So really, the city has not been using it. Owned by the waterfront, but hasn't used by the waterfront for water purposes. As such, in the mid-1990s, early 1990s, we entered in an agreement with the National Park Service, where they actually managed the property for us. They treated it. It actually got included in the Rocky Mountain National Park. In the boundary, it's aerial boundary. The Rocky Mountain National Park is still on the aspect within the park boundary. As such, they can manage it. They manage it for us. The great benefit for us is that we don't have to spend a lot of money to go up and watch the area and do the minor maintenance and take care of visitation and that type of thing. So they treated it as if it were part of the park. Basically, this agreement allows them to apply their park regulations to the land, which is really great for us. It preserves it. It keeps it in a better condition. And they have their rangers stationed right there. They have their district rangers out. This really saves us a lot of time and money. It improves up their maintenance. It's been working really good for almost 30 years now. But it needs to be updated. It'll be a 10-year agreement, so it'll be from 20 now, 20.4 to 20.33. It is 10 years maximum in the park to do an agreement this type of stuff. Staff's recommended to forward a recommendation to the Council to approve the agreement. The terms and the agreement basically aren't changing. They really aren't. It was very written a little bit, but it's everything that you would see today. Really, for them, it's a couple of benefits for the park. One is they use that whole villa car because it's so pristine, such a natural area. They use it for a lot of research, and they're able to actually do some research projects. Their property is just less of ours, and so the research can continue through the valley. Prior to our joint management of the area, we weren't able to get there quite enough, so people started camping. Then it became a piece of hole in fother and fother, where they were actually camping on the National Park Tourist Lands. They came just to say, hey, this activity is impacting ours. We got rid of overnight camping up there and installed a small daze area, but really for the park, a couple things they want. They want to keep the entrance to the National Park pristine. It gives them really the corridor for people to get into the park. There's a hiking trail, so a lot of people, not the visitors, most visitors are driving in, but a lot of people live in that area, actually walking through the park on the trail. But really, for the park, it's the entrance to one of the major, like personally, one of the best areas of the park. So there's no monetary compensation to them. Is their use able to oversee the land, and you see a lot of value in that? Yeah, they do. If you read the agreement, it does have, there's extraordinary maintenance. The long line would sit down with them and talk about how to fund that, and it would be more likely to fund it. But in terms of really, their maintenance is patrolling it. They do have volunteer work crews that take care of the trail. There really isn't too much cost for them. And, of course, one really great thing for them is they actually have their entrance. They're gated, they've got paid at all their set for the public. Right off the county road, it actually, the road goes across a couple of length properties, same grain up in water, conservancy district property, not property. So it probably is nice, otherwise they'd have to move there. Well, it would have to. It's awkward to have your gate, not actually at the end of the park property. It's at the ends of the park. So for them, it's a really good deal. And of course, they want to keep the pristine nature of that. Years and years ago, we actually, 40 years ago, it was leased by a stable, pastured horses on there. Disagree with when was it first put together? First, I think it was 1993, when we first entered. So, right at about, yeah, 30 years ago. We believe it's very, very good. Yeah, I was only going to suggest that in the future, there's some historical pieces in here, as I mentioned. In the agenda, we call it a Copeland Lake MOU. We should probably not call it Copeland Lake MOU since there is a Copeland Lake MOU that the conservancy district has with the parks. So, a particular parcel, just for confusion sake. So it's really just a willow car. It should be Copeland Willow car. Other than that, I would make the motion to authorize the city to enter this agreement or for recognition so you can also authorize the city to enter the agreement in substantial reform, presented the water borders, presented us. Second on the second that, with the comments that, you know, it makes sense for one entity to do the ecosystem management. A few different entities, then certainly times have different priorities. The other thing I'll mention to the board too is, you know, after the flood, the restoration of Button Rock, the city did a wide number of cuttings of those willows from this property in order to do the restoration of the Button Rock. And that's a really good point, and I probably should have mentioned the 35 acres that we exchanged the district, right, the district also has an MOU with the Park Service. So Park would be managing not only the park, but our property and our property. So that is In relative to the same manner, the agreements are not that much similar. I agree with your suggestion. The only reason I would know exactly where this is is because it's cold. What do I get? I have no idea where Willow will ever is, but no. It's a geographic point, it's just that there aren't two separate agreements. You're right. Just for keeping in mind. Okay, we have a motion made in the second. All in favor? Aye. Aye. All right, unanimous passed. Thanks again. Okay, John, you're up next. Yeah, great. Well, I don't have to take a whole lot of time here and distract from the water resources side of the conversation, but it's great. I think Wes initially asked that I introduce myself. So I know some of you are just from working with some of me, Dan, and presenting at some of the council meetings, but I'm an engineering and operations administrator with the city. I think one of the things that Wes was open, I can cover is just some of the reorganization of the water and way services department. So Chris, I don't know how much context you provided as to how our department has been remanded. So historically, I feel like public work was really headed by Dale, right? And so a lot of decisions in work went through Dale, you know, one person. And as we've kind of reformed this water and way services department, some of the vision was to create some management and supervisory, all called resiliency with the group, right? So Bob Allen currently is the department director. Chris is the assistant director myself. I'm one of the administrators and we have one other administrator, Joe Mahalski. And so among the four of us, you know, we kind of oversee and support all of the department functions. And really that's primarily our way services group, which is waste collection, recycle compost. We have our, obviously water resources division, our engineering section, handles our capital improvement program. We have our treatment operations, distribution and collection as utilities, and then environmental services. So there's really six core functions within the department. And then, you know, really two, two of those divisions are handed out between myself, Chris, and Joe Mahalski. So I think what was open I could do is just maybe say who I am as one of the administrators and what function I help support in the utilities. So I primarily support our environmental services part of the department and our utilities, which is our water, water distribution and sewer collection. And so without going into a ton of detail, I'm not high level of what does environmental services do for the city. Others have maybe heard environmental services in the past. And it was a more expanded role within the city in terms of what we would cover. It's kind of been dialed back a little bit in terms of its scope. And it's primarily associated with our water and waste services division now. So what does that mean? You know, our baseline of environmental services is to cover Safe Drinking Water Act and Clean Water Act compliance. Those are two big core regulatory needs for the city. And each of those is associated with water and wastewater. So we cover those. And then another component that environmental services provide for the city is really just technical resource to all of the other divisions within water and waste. And so what does that mean? What does technical resource mean? Just some practical applications. If there's a challenge at the drinking water plan, say there's change in water quality, or we have an algae bloom. That's something where environmental services would come in and provide technical resource to understand why that happened. We don't get into the nitty-gritty of how to fix it. That's our operations group. But we provide the technical background, research. Some of our staff are PhDs. And we provide that technical resource for our water staff. And then another component I guess would be sustainability. So there is some of that partnership that we have with our sustainability group where we implement sustainability type projects at our water and wastewater plants. An example of that would be the solar and battery project that's almost complete at our wastewater plant. So that's another good example of what environmental services does. Let's see. On the utility side, that's our water distribution and wastewater collection. So you think of that as pipelines. That's another area that I support. And so what are the big needs in those areas? In terms of water distribution, I think everybody here is probably seeing news of water breaks that have happened. I think that that's around the city. Somebody mentioned a service line. It's not the city. That's service lines or residents. That's a master. That's the main. But what was the main? That's the main. That's where you were. That's it? Right across from the top. There you go. And it's a very good illustration of one of the biggest challenges for our utilities operations groups. And so of aging infrastructure, I think is going to be something that gets brought up quite a bit with council over the next year, especially as we start doing rate studies to understand where are the costs of the utility. What are our biggest challenges? That is going to be the primary hurdle for a water distribution group is we have tons of cast iron pipe in the city. And not every city has a lot of cast iron pipe, but cast iron pipe primarily is installed in the 60s to 80s. And so that infrastructure, probably do it in the back of your head, right? 50s, 60s, 70 years old, that infrastructure is prone to failure. And so we have a water rehabilitation capital improvement program that our engineering group manages to replace that infrastructure. But is it being replaced at the frequency that we need? That's an assessment we're doing as part of our rate study that we'll council see probably in the next year here. That's a big consideration for distribution. And then on collection, I mean aging infrastructure, again, same problem, right on the sewer side. So if you think about it, water lines are being laid. At the same time, sewer mains are being laid. So that infrastructure is just as old. And we have a little bit of a more cost savings type of method to rehabilitate sewer mains. We can do that trenchlessly by lining pipe, whereas most of that infrastructure, when it comes to water distribution, is more expensive. We're pulling up the road most of the time for that. We don't have the same technology to do that in a more cost-effective manner. But rehabilitation of our collection system falls with that big part of that work. And then you all have been talking a lot about developments and the impacts of development, cash and loo. And so the collection system was designed at a time when Longmont may have been planned differently or commercial or single family. And as we continue to add density, which we're talking about for cash and loo financing, that's a consideration for collection system capacity. And we continue to analyze the system through flow monitoring to understand, did we design the system for the amount of development that we're occurring in the city? And that coordination, again, is with planning quite a bit. Where is the development happening? Is our infrastructure adequate to densify? So there's some other area of utilities that I hope support, but you've planned engineers and good build staff. We're also tackling that quite a bit. Chris, I don't know if there's anything else you want to add. I just wanted to point out to you as well, John, to give a great overview of what we've been doing and how we've reorganized. One of the things that happened when we split that out from public works and natural resources, obviously, parks piece is separate from our group now, and the storm drainage piece also got pulled out from the public works. So public works streets and storm drainage, but because of the way that we've worked in the past and we've set up now, we have a lot of overlap. As Joe presented last week, there's a lot of C&T projects that are within the raw water system that we're trying to look at system politically and not so we're not just doing sewer, we're not just doing the storm. It's all working together. So each of us and maybe that kind of leadership team support each other and have different experiences that have a lot of value. So even though I support our distribution and collection teams, Chris has had a lot of experience with development. How does that work? What's the application to say? How do we support each other? Well, one of the big challenges for utilities is development. When the contractors want four new lines for fiber or for whatever underground utility they want, and they strike, potentially strike, our underground assets. We work really hard. We don't want that to happen. And so Chris has been helping us, I think, work on the development side, being our advocate there to say, how do we better protect our underground assets so that contractors have some some boundaries and safeguards in place that don't hit our the city's assets. And so he's been a really good resource to help on that. Do you core drill at all to locate existing? Is that a mandatory thing to do? Yes, there is state legislature that anytime the city has a contract with a contractor or a designer, they're required to help bottle them, hire a whole truck to turn our streets into Swiss cheese to locate everything. So we work on both sides of that. How do you interface with water treatment? I mean, is there an entire? Yeah, great question. So I mean, water and waste is cradle to grade water, right? So we have water resources. There's no grade. There's no grade, right? But yeah, so it goes to environmental services, right? As I was saying, kind of support can support technically our treatment operation staff. But within water and waste department is our water resources, water treatment, water distribution, sewer collection, waste water treatment. So everything all the way through the system of water life cycle, as within water and waste department. So our operations group is led by Jim Halske. And then we have supervisors and treatment operations managers who are overseeing those individual operations. Great. Who's question? I'm lost. I know I'm lost. I didn't. Down the primrose path, how close is that solar plus battery project? Because it's been hanging fire for a long time. How many megawatts or what fraction of a megawatt? It's fraction of a megawatt, for sure. Yeah, it's smaller. And it has been the batteries installed on site. And so as a solar, they're working on the integration of the two now to understand how those are working together in terms of storage capacity offsetting peak demand. So it's definitely not a project that we're touting as a megawatt type project. But what it is is a really good demonstration project that LPC has even offered some funding assistance to get better monitoring approaches on. So when we talk about distributed energy resources, this is what we're learning, right? It's how can we be offsetting peak demand? So our wastewater treatment plant has a very high peak demand that's associated with one of our aeration processes. And so as much as we can time the discharge of the battery or electrical system at the same time that we're using this high demand aeration process, we can start reducing the grid load. And that's that is what we're learning as part of that process. But there's definitely not a offsetting the whole wastewater plant. Yeah, it's a kilowatt. And I don't know off the top of my head the actual size of that. Some number of kilowatts. Correct. Yeah. Do you have something, Dan? I'm just asking John, are you coordinating all the federal permits for like wetland mitigation and stream restoration and all that fun kind of stuff? Are you the go-to guy? Chris and I both look at each other for that one. I am not specifically the go-to guy. Environmental services, historically, maybe that's your speaking from experience, you know, when Caliomberg was leading the environmental service group. He, I think, coordinated a lot of that work as Chris was alluding to these different departmental changes. Environmental services is working to coordinate with our stormwater group specifically to keep that kind of technical resource in-house. And so folks can come to environmental services for assistance, but I wouldn't say environmental services. But we now want everybody as a project manager as well. We could have our first call. Yeah, exactly. But we do have different staff in different areas now, like you said, expertise in house. There's an article in the paper, did we treat less water this year than previous? I think Chris was quoted in that one.  He'll do that. Yeah, it was especially bad in a hundred years, right? So we don't need to do a lot of what's right. Yeah. I guess, you know, it's already been treated. It was about two thousand eight feet less this year than the average. Any other questions? Thank you. Yeah, thank you all. Very warmly, thanks for coming. I know. So I can make my programs look really good. That's definitely something I can say to my team. All right. So I'm presenting to you all the Growing Water Smart Impact Report from 2023. This is different from the water conservation programs as a whole. This is just the Growing Water Smart Program. So as a reminder, the Growing Water Smart Program is a program that we're that I'm running to create a path forward to foster an equitable, safe, and resilient community that contributes to Colorado's sustainable water future. Basically, it's growing, developing waters wise, changing codes, making sure that we implement water efficiency strategies during development instead of post development. But since we're not there yet, we're working on our post development water efficiency strategies with the largest project being the Kensington Park Brass to Garden project. I presented to you all in, I think, October with photos from the actual event, but here are some hard numbers. We have 131 community volunteers. We also treated this event as a resource fair. So we have seven resource booths participate and 354 water wise plants planted. We also gave away 99 plants to the community so that they can start their water lives in their homes. So that's the Kensington Park Project. The Growing Water Smart Program itself worked on several other projects this year. We did a code review for resilient landscapes, and that is basically a comprehensive review of the City of Longmont plants and policies to assess our codes and policies for water conservation, water efficient landscapes, and climate resiliency. The aim of this project is to identify best practices, policy gaps, and opportunities for improvement for efficiency standards with the water lines. We're meeting with our consultant tomorrow, actually, to go over the first draft. So we're really excited that this project has started growing some fruit. So we're hoping to present to Council some code changes for water efficient landscapes specifically in spring. We are also doing a turf replacement plan. So we're working with the Water Now Alliance to do a plan for us to establish data driven targets for reducing non-functional turf on City of Properties. We met a couple weeks ago to do a workshop to discuss co-benefits of turf transitions with a variety of different cities, staff members from different departments, so that we make sure that all groups are being heard so that we don't unintentionally attack someone when we pick a turf replacement on City of Properties. We also are doing the LEAK notifications. So this ties back to a water smart grant that Francie received several years ago for our AMR water meter infrastructure. We're required to do notifications to customers who have continuous usage on their meter. This is the first year we were actually able to start sending out letters, so that was really exciting. We sent out about 400 letters and our call team made 200 calls, our customer service team, so really thankful for them. We found three City of Longmont Leaks that were found and resolved, and just from those City of Longmont Leaks, we saved 1.3 million dollars. So that was really exciting. And then last but not least, we did our water loss audit, which is the N36 from the AOWA. Thanks to John Steen for his all of their help. There's no direct water savings realized from this report, but it's really crucial in understanding our system losses and kind of where we stand with that. So we're looking forward to continuing that report and making sure that the QR Dawson line is going to help you guys identify your CFP project so quickly. And then just a funding summary. So the City for just our growing water smart program, we set aside $15,000. We got a $25,000 state grant from the CWCB for the turf replacement project. And then in between other grants for our water now alliance project, the code audit, and the water efficiency plan is that the additional dollars for growing water smart projects. And then in 2024, looking forward for growing water smart projects, we're going to be doing a more in-depth city week procedure with the outstanding. So making sure that we get our city needs to be more efficiently, more timely. The code updates, which we're really exciting for, really excited about, and then a couple more turf projects on city properties. The $1.5 million gallons is at $20.3 million. $20.3 million. And the one to number was the $20.22 million. We didn't have any growing water smart projects happening in 2022. So this was what from January to now is $1.5 million gallons. It was just for growing water smart projects. What are the hours that you saved, Marcia? Well, I had, you know, I had a lot of new smart roof. And the roofers squashed all my new, new perennials, throwing stuff down off the roof side. I used a little bit of water near a second back, but. Yeah, that's common experience. Anybody have questions? So the code review is very exciting. That has, I think, potential. I mean, I'd love the idea of trying to get stuff done right, rather than retrofit. That's smart. So I guess my question is, is there any way of water working support and help with code review? Like, if you want to do a presentation to us, we can give a sample approval and we do approve. That's the thing. Yeah, yeah, absolutely. I think that would be really helpful. Once we get our second, I'm actually not the project manager for this. Our environmental sustainability planner is managing the, or the code review for this project. So he'll come and present to you. Our plan moving forward is to meet with the consultant tomorrow, give her our first round of edits. When we get that kind of trimmed down version, he's going to get it to his leadership for like their, for their drafts. We're going to give it back to her, and then we'll come to you guys before we go to council. And then obviously having you all scan the referral when we go to council is really that one thing. I'd love to know more about it. Yeah, yeah. It was super helpful. She reviewed all of our development plans too. So all of our comprehensive plans, from Envision, Longamount to our water efficiency plan, and outlined everything that had the water efficiency in it. So we have all of that in one place, which is really helpful. Excellent. And then water loss is also really huge. Yeah, that's one of the favorites, because water losses, well, no, it's like one of the conservation measures that's also really positive. So like, how would I not love that? Right? That's like two different things, conservation. And so having both happened together is not that common. So yeah, I'm excited about that too. Is there any way we can see results of that? Should it be done soon enough? Maybe if it's cool with everyone? Yeah, absolutely. Do you guys track water loss on a monthly basis? Is that something to be recorded internally in the outskirts? Yeah, we have flow meters located around the city, which are primarily used for larger leak identifications. You know, in instances where we have main breaks, those are measurable pressure losses within the system that we see pretty quickly. But in terms of water loss accounting on a routine basis, we use those larger flow meters throughout the city to do some some accounting. You know, this, I think what you'll see in the report when you guys see this water loss recording is just looking at the entire city as a whole, right? And so there could be large leaks that are caught by those big flow meters and our transmission zones, but might not catch all the little leaks around the city. And so that that is an important piece that, you know, this water accounting says is like, are we following with an industry standard? So that's why I was thinking, yeah, I have no idea what one month's system losses are for its water system. And it plays into, you know, infrastructure rehabilitation. So when we talk about older lines throughout the city, that's primarily where you're going to be seeing leaks. And so as we continue to replace old leaking infrastructure with new watertight PVC versus, you know, a corroded cast iron pipe, we're going to continue to see water losses go down over time. But it speaks to that importance of not only protecting public health, but reducing water loss right this is the reason we increase that work all the time. Sean, I should ask you, you were talking earlier, but when I was out there at the crew, obviously it was a small amount of leak that had slated, right? And I had to tear off the replacement. When you guys started thinking about replacing linear miles of infrastructure, it's not sleek, it's good. But what does that look like? Because I gotta imagine that that's, you know, it's expensive. So if you take a linear mile of cast iron pipe out, you get the plan for that near the capital cost. It's not going to be faster, you're going to have a lot more in old leaks, but that's just another million dollars a mile. Right. So what's, I mean, is we're talking about replacing vast portions of old infrastructure. That's 25 years land, 30 years land. I mean, it's not continuous. And right now we're trying to go through a permanentization process to find where we get the most benefit for a buck. As John indicated, PCM 30 soon we have a lot of options to do internal repairs. It's just not as cost effective. The methodologies that they have today to try and do internal repair, they're going to pass on the services and going through valves is difficult to start to stop a lot. Yes, that's right. But we're always looking for new technologies and kind of this. How am I going to anything? Go? I got myself unmuted. No, I'm good. Yeah. Thank you for the information. Okay. All right. Okay. Well, thank you. Okay. On number 10 review, make your product to us. And I have done this schedule. If you support me, use any comments. Maybe we want to see what we've got. I'm just reminded it was in there, but as as it has been in the past, it will be the fourth Monday in January, not the third Monday in January, because of the absurances. I did send out those calendars. Well, I was concerned to accept them because they had seeming weird ones that went out last year. I'm like, I just know they're old. She had three for me, one for January, one for February, one for the rest of the year. All right. I'll accept. If they come from Roger, don't accept that. I recognize that. Everybody's on their sleep. Any comments on item 12? Any comments at all?


Just what were you thinking? I thought we pirates had an unspoken agreement. Don't cause us any trouble. And who ever heard of a pirate helping people anyway? If I see you in the new world, then I'm going to crush you. Hello and welcome to One Piece 101, the series that breaks down everyone and everything in the One Piece world. Today we are going to be looking into quite possibly the most mysterious and intriguing member of the worst generation, Jewelry Bonnie. Jewelry Bonnie, also known as Big Eater, is the captain of the very creatively named Bonnie Pirates, who was first introduced to us during the events of Sabotea Capelliga. She appears as a slim, fairly standard style of female design promoter, despite the fact that as alluded to in her epithet, she is a prolific consumer of food and is almost certainly one of the most gluttonous characters to ever set foot in the world of One Piece, which is quite an achievement actually, considering the sheer amount of other crazy eaters out there. But in general, Bonnie also presents herself as quite a rude and curt individual who believes in a more stereotypical view of piracy, often acting simply to indulge her own personal interests and sparing little thought for the well-being of others, which was shown when Bonnie actively refused to help a man who had been shot by a world noble because he was a stranger, who meant nothing to her. And in fact, Bonnie actively looks down on the idea of pirates helping people in general. Despite this, Bonnie is not without her own sense of empathy, which we'll certainly get to over the course of this video, but as for right now, it needs to be noted that what I said about Bonnie in the introduction was not just to hype her up. She is a bit of an enigma in One Piece at the time of this recording, but that only makes her all the more intriguing to examine. As far as her official past is concerned, we begin with the arrival of the Bonnie Pirates at Sabotea Capellago, which is more or less the halfway point of the Grand Lion, along with the rest of the rookie pirate captains who were then referred to as the supernovas and who had each taken a separate path through the deadly stretch of water and were planning on entering the new world. In regards to the Bonnie Pirates themselves, they seemed completely dedicated to their captain, willing to fulfill her every need, most of which were food-related, although it is debatable over whether or not Bonnie values her crew to that extent in return. But of course, as they are our first spot of call, it was off to a restaurant where Bonnie encountered fellow supernova Caponegang Beige, who is quite possibly the exact opposite of Bonnie, preferring to follow the strict code of fine dining and appropriate table manners. In fact, Bonnie's gluttonous rampage disgusted Beige so much that he was on the verge of ordering his crew to quote unquote, shut her up, until it was pointed out to him that starting a quarrel so close to Navy headquarters may not be the best of ideas. But after indulging her gluttonous needs, Bonnie was then caught up in a horrendous situation with another supernova, Roarino Azoro, who was on the verge of attacking a world noble, an action that would have resulted in the summoning of a marine admiral and likely the capture of every prominent pirate on the island, including herself. So with the mind for self-preservation, Bonnie then salvaged the situation by invoking her powers, turning herself into the form of a young girl and pretending to cry over her older brother, Zorro, who she claimed had been shot. And while we're here, this is a great time to highlight Bonnie's abilities, which have to do with age manipulation. And being one piece, it is assumed that these abilities are the result of an as of yet unnamed devil fruit. However, thus far the series and its extended materials have avoided all possible avenues of confirming this. For example, in her entry to the One Piece Vivica data book, her powers are mentioned, but they are not specifically attributed to a devil fruit. Whereas with the other members of the worst generation, a devil fruit is specifically mentioned, even if that fruit has not currently been named. So that's one of the many Bonnie curiosities we encounter, and there's a lot more to come. But for now, she exhibits the ability to both age herself and others and in both directions as well. So seemingly at her whim, she can revert someone to a child or advance them to the status of geriatric. Currently there are no known restrictions for the use of the power or limitations of the aging itself. For example, could she age someone to the point where they die or even de-age someone to the point of non-existence? All of these questions and more exist. Although the most interesting idea that comes from this power is that as a result, you cannot take Bonnie's established form at face value because it's entirely possible that she could be significantly younger or older than she casually portrays herself as being. Whatever the case, Bonnie's actions in Halting Zora would not stop his Captain Monkey D. Luffy from sucking a world noble in the face, thus forcing Bonnie to face the possibility of encountering a marine admiral. However, using her abilities, Bonnie was able to successfully escape the onslaught of Marines brought to Sabati, although she did either remain or return to the archipelago in order to watch the events of the Paramount War. And during this time, Bonnie demonstrated some, up until this point, uncharacteristic emotion being moved to tears by the events of the Whitebeard Pirates facing off against the Marines. And given that Bonnie has no demonstrable love for the world government, it can be assumed that she does have a direct connection to either Whitebeard or a member of his crew, such as Ace. However, this is all pure speculation at the time of this recording. Later the Bonnie Pirates set sail to the outskirts of Marineford to view the final stages of the war, along with many of the other supernovas. And after the war had concluded, Bonnie was furious, declaring that this was all the fault of a certain man and that they were setting sail for the new world to confront him immediately. And of course, it is heavily implied that that man is Blackbeard, given that he was legitimately responsible for sparking the Paramount War. And because the next time we see Bonnie, she and her crew had been completely defeated and at the mercy of the Blackbeard Pirates. Bonnie was then offered the chance to join the Blackbeard Pirates if she, quote, became his woman, to which she violently refused by kicking Blackbeard in the head, which displayed that while her physical abilities may not be her primary attribute, she certainly has the power to hold her own in this world if need be. At this moment, Marine Admiral Akeino arrived on the island, forcing the Blackbeard Pirates to abandon Bonnie and her crew, and they were taken into the custody of the Marines. But not before Akeino said something incredibly intriguing to Bonnie, hinting at her past, and that was, a cold shiver ran through me when I heard you'd run away from the world government. But it's all over now. And to put this into some perspective, this is Sakazuki saying this, one of the most undisputed powerhouses of the entire series. For him to have a cold shiver running through him in relation to Bonnie would imply that she's connected to something pretty damn huge. This is despite the fact that the world government have only seen fit to bestow Bonnie with a bounty of 140 million berries. However, I imagine that cold shiver ran through Sakazuki once more because Bonnie did manage to escape from the Marines. However, her crew were not as lucky, and it would appear that Bonnie was forced to invoke her classical philosophy of piracy and abandon them. From here, Bonnie would not be seen again until the events of the Dressrosa saga, reading about the newly formed pirate alliances between her fellow supernovas, now referred to as the worst generation. She was then seen once again reacting to the news of Dolph Lamingo's defeat by the hands of Monkey D. Luffy and Trafalgar Law, going on to comment that she was quite proud to be considered one of their contemporaries. And it is at this point in the video that we need to do the old spoiler warning. This warning is for those of you who have not yet completed the Brevery arc in the anime or the manga. I can't stress this enough, these spoilers are not insignificant. So if you don't want to be bombarded with them, then please do skip to this time in the video. However, for everyone else, let us continue. During the events of the Brevery, Bonnie infiltrated the Holy Land of Marijua by posing as the Queen of the Sorbet Kingdom by using her age manipulation abilities. Now, quite notably, the Sorbet Kingdom was once ruled by current warlord of the sea slash cyborg slave Bartholomew Kuma. And also the name of the Queen of the Kingdom is Connie, strikingly similar to the name Bonnie, but you know we're not here to speculate too much on that. Although Bonnie's entry in the Viviocard data book does expand on it a bit by stating that Bonnie does bear a resemblance to Queen Connie, implying that Connie is in fact a real person rather than some sort of made up alias. However, Bonnie would go on to encounter Kuma who was being used as an invincible slave by the world nobles and proceed to shed a tear and claim that they would pay for what they had done, indicating that she has some form of personal relationship with Kuma. Some more fun facts about Jewry Bonnie. One of Bonnie's primary characteristics apart from mass consumption is holding grudges, whether it be against Blackbeard for starting the paramount war, the straw hat pirates for inadvertently summoning a marine admiral to sabbity, or the world government for whatever they've done, which is probably quite a lot. It's very common for Bonnie to mark her rare appearances in the series by stating that someone will pay for something that they've done. Rather curiously, in volume 68, Jewry Bonnie's age and height are given, the former of which is stated to be 22 pre-times skip. This is despite the fact that I said earlier that her age is impossible to accurately determine at this stage due to her abilities. And whilst you could say that the words from Oda should be taken as immediate canon, the truth is that the SPS segments and data books have been known to lie to us before when it concerns future plot revelations. So as of right now, I wouldn't take this as the be all and end all of the matter. Following the introduction of Charlotte Lynn Lynn, it has become a popular thought amongst the One Piece fan base to speculate over whether or not Bonnie was related to the Emperor due to their similarities in regards to pink hair, lipstick, both being voracious omnum nummers, with powers that can affect the lifespans of their victims, as well as both having ships with a theme of sweets. Although it should be noted that Bonnie's fixation with food is not entirely sweets based, as her favorite food is margarita pizza. Whilst her least favorite food are carrots. Jewry Bonnie's namesake comes from the real life pirate Anne Bonnie, who began life as a noble woman before switching over to the realm of piracy and who is quite possibly the most famous female pirate of all time. As a fairly major character in the series, Bonnie has been subject to fan drawing requests from Oda, including what she looked like as a child, which appears to depict a poor yet similarly voracious little being, as well as what she would look like if she had her gender swapped, which to me just looks an awful lot like shanks with longer hair and a piercing. And finally, a truly useless fact, in the SPS of volume 88, it was revealed that if One Piece was set in the real world, then Bonnie would be from Australia. And it is about damn time that we were given a character. So you know what? Ozzy, Ozzy, Ozzy. And I'm just going to assume that the Australians in the comments section have now promptly said, oi, oi, oi. But that pretty much does it for Jewelry Bonnie. If you enjoyed this video and the content this channel produced in general, then please do consider donating to the Grand Line Review Patreon because the support of all of your amazing people is what continues to make this channel possible. And if you'd like to see more videos like this, but applied to other anime among series, then please do check out my second channel, New World Review, for all of your wider needs. And if you'd like to join the fun at any time, then please do head over to my Discord server, where a wide array of shenanigans takes place on a daily basis. And finally, please do comment with who, what, or where you'd like to see featured in the next One Piece 101. And just in case you were curious about where some of the other worst generation members would be from, if One Piece was set in the real world, well, Basil Hawkins would be from Egypt, Eruge would be from India, and Eustis Kidd would be from Scotland, which you can tell by his red hair, outwardly violent and bloodthirsty nature, as well as his general demeanor of being a miserable bastard. Just kidding, Scotland. I love you. One of the most beautiful countries I have ever visited. Look, see, here's the proof that I was inside of you. Please don't forsake me.


This is a histogram of the number of measurements taken at any given measured value. And this is for data that has a normal distribution. It means that if you take a data point, it might lie at this measured value. You take another data point, it might lie here and one might lie here. But what you would find is if you took repeated readings over and over and over again, that most of them would be clustered in the middle. And you would have fewer as you went further away from the mean value, which for a normal distribution would be right in the center. It's possible that you might have one or two at the very extreme values all the way out there. And for the purposes of our U11 analysis of data, we're going to call this distance here between the most extreme value on each side. That whole distance there is called the range. And we'll often refer to the half range, which is obviously just that length of one of those from the center out to the extreme value. What we're going to talk about in this video are two ways to quantify the uncertainty. One is the uncertainty on a single measurement. And what is the uncertainty for the average value of a whole bunch of repeated readings? Working at the uncertainty for an individual measurement is actually pretty straightforward. We just need to say, given any individual measurement that we take, how far from the average value is it likely to be? So if we took a measurement, we would know that that measurement would be within that half range from the average value. We can only estimate that uncertainty for the individual measurement after we've taken a whole bunch of data to see what that distribution looks like. How certain we are or uncertain we are about the average value depends on how many measurements we've taken. If we've only taken a couple of readings down here and took an average, it might be that our average was a little bit further this way or a little bit further this way. It's actually really hard to tell if you've only got, say, two or three measurements. The more measurements you take, you actually see this pattern starting to build up, which gives us this nice curve here. So the more measurements you take, the more tightly constrained this average value is. And we'll see how we can quantify that, put a number on that. If we take repeated readings, how we can give a number to the uncertainty of that average. Here is an example. I have five trials or repeated readings of measuring the voltage across a power supply. Now you'll learn more about that when we get to the electricity unit, but you probably come across something like it at high school. I am not going to go through the maths because I'm sure you can do it to work out the average value of these five readings. And it's 1.56 volts. Now just keep in mind that this statistical analysis that we're doing here is not particularly sophisticated, but it will do for the level of the stuff that we're looking at in this course.


our list of assumptions and limitations are going to inform our list of rules that we're gonna talk about in the next section. But let's look first at these assumptions that we have. The first assumption that we are going to have about the process of science is that the world is real. It's real. Okay, another one that's like, come on, Riggs, do we really have to say that out loud? But yeah, we do because that, we have to have that as a basic point of agreement and acknowledge that that's what science relies on. It relies on the world being real. If we're gonna go into the possibility that the world isn't real, then we're not gonna use science anymore to talk about that or to study that or to test it. In order to test things with science, we have to assume that the world is real. Similar, we have to assume that we have the senses to perceive the world. Our senses can perceive the world. I do get impatient. That's why my handwriting gets bad because I get impatient to write it all down really fast. If I edited, but I will never do that. But sorry for how slow. I'm gonna try to write slowly so that you can read it. I think that's more important and you can watch me on double time and it'll go faster. Just don't tell me you watched me on double time because I don't wanna know what I'm like in that. Our senses can perceive the world. Our brains can understand what we perceive. That's our third assumption. Our brains can understand what we sense. So our brains can put things together and you wanna talk about evidence of our phenomenal brains. I guarantee if I sat with each one of you for just 10 minutes, I could tell you something phenomenal that your brain understands. And it'd be really fun in the comments here for everybody to tell us, like what are the phenomenal things that your brain understands? I love thinking about the things that I don't understand as well. My most amazing husband on the planet is an English professor, a literature professor. He understands Shakespeare. Guess who does not understand Shakespeare? If I hang out with him and he teaches me, if he teaches me how to understand it, I can understand it and I can learn, but our brains can put these pieces together. We have really amazing brains. I love that about us. And the last assumption, and this is super interesting, is that nature is predictable. So we can predict what is gonna happen and that works. Nature can be predicted. The natural world, we can predict what's going to happen or why it's going to happen or it is predictable. As opposed to, oh my gosh, you hear about those horrifying experiments they do on little rats where it's super stressful for the little rats in the experiments when bad things happen to them in an unpredictable way. Science is predictable. I don't know what made me think of that. I wish I hadn't brought it up because it's really horrifying to think about. Let's talk about the limitations because I think this is equally as important and I think I will make the limitations a different color. Some limitations to science have to do with the way we perceive the world. Our perception is limited. And I'm just gonna go ahead and I'm gonna show you really fast.  Our powers of perception are limited and I'm gonna add this one here as well. Our brains can be unreliable. I know you can't see that one because I should have written that down before we looked at this, but our powers of perception are limited by the tools that we have. A really good example is the fact that we've never actually, we can't see an atom. We can see like evidence that an atom might have been there or evidence that that could be an atom, but we can't actually see it and like hold it and see what it looks like and describe it the way we can see a bird or a tree out the window. So our perceptions are limited, but in addition, our brains can be unreliable and optical illusions, enjoy yourself. Does this not totally look like a little stream of humans running up the stairs and then jumping off and running away and if you look really closely, I'll leave it up there for a second. If you look really closely, the colors are changing but the critters aren't moving. That's an optical illusion. Our brains totally think we've got something moving here.  They're crazy and super interesting and wild to think that our brains actually are that unreliable or can be fooled that easily. I'm gonna connect the next one to our third assumption. The assumption is that our brains can understand what we sense, but honestly, we can't ever be 100% sure. I'll just say like that. We can't ever be 100% sure that what we are sensing or what we are seeing is the way that it is. There is always uncertainty with the process of science and this is that place where I said, you know what, you can't say you prove something because more information can always come down the pipe. Instead, you say, I have evidence to support hmm or hmm or evidence that does not support hmm or hmm. And this is related that we're always learning more. And I think in particular of late, it's been so interesting having sort of a collective experience in a global pandemic. And I know my perception of it being a collective experience is based on many aspects of my who I am and where I am in the world. And so I don't know that everybody had a sense of a collective experience with COVID. And I say that it's collective because the definition of a pandemic is that it is a global event. But it was really interesting to watch the way, especially in the United States, the way if the science learned more, that was used as a strategy to undermine the process of science or the information that we were learning. I am, you know, dude, yes, let's learn more. And I am a scientist. And so it's really easy and natural for me to say, this is how we understood the world in this moment. And what an incredible thing to have learned so much since then. Now we know this, that's very comfortable to me and that doesn't undermine the process. And I think that it's, I think that is a really important thing to be transparent about, that there are those limitations and we are always learning more and modifying what we know, which I love. Like, yes, that is such a great way to approach life. Okay, next up, I have a few rules that are based on these assumptions and limitations, a couple of rules that we'll just hang on to.


to order roll call Betty Ackley, Barb Felde, Pirelli, Falecki Paneski's here, and Mitchell is excused. We could all rise and say the pledge. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. Perfect. OK. First item on the agenda, approval of the minutes from August 14th, a chair will entertain a motion. Chair will entertain a motion to approve the minutes of August 14th. So moved. Second. It's been moved and seconded. Any discussion? Hearing none, all those in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed? Chair votes aye. Motion carries. Item number six for discussion and possible action, resolution number 462324, August 21st, 2023. It's a resolution authorizing the sale of city parking lot number three, located at 821 Niagara Avenue to Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church. OK, I see someone at the podium. Yeah, and the light's red. So we did put this on the agenda after we received it so that you would have it. I've been working with Derek Mink on this issue. And our staff recommendation is to hold this matter and not take action. The reason for that is I think there's interest in the sale taking place. But besides Trinity, there's also some interest in it from the Wild Center. And the Wild Center has a board meeting, I think, tonight in which they're going to be talking about this. I know that parking in transit wanted to make sure that the Wild Center's current use, or at least their anticipated use, of the area is protected. And that may require a little bit of negotiation depending on what comes out of that board meeting tonight, depending on what we may have to negotiate the offer to purchase slightly. So if we put it on hold, it goes back to the group. If you put it on hold, it'll just stay in committee and you can act on it next time should you need to. OK, all right. Questions? If not, Cheryl, entertain a motion to hold. So moved. Motion to hold. Second. It's been moved and seconded. Any discussion? Hearing none, all those in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed? Chair votes aye. Motion carries. Item number, thank you. Item number seven, direct referral resolution number 492324 by Alderperson Mitchell and Felicky Paneski, authorizing the appropriate city officials to execute a cancellation agreement and mutual release in order to terminate the vacant land offered to purchase regarding the purchase of an additional 7.9 acres by Sheboygan South Point Development LLC. City attorney. Staff is recommending that you approve this. There was, you as a council, approved a offer to purchase, but the offer to purchase had some conditions in it. And those conditions have not been able to be met. The primary condition was that the potential buyer had a condition that they were going to be able to enter into some lease agreements with some sub-lessors. And that has not happened. Dane Czekolinski, who is sort of brokering this, indicates that this deal may still happen. But at this point, the time frames in the previous offer have expired. And so the cancellation agreement is appropriate. So we're recommending it. So the cancellation currently, but it may come back with a different time frame. It may come back, but it also opens it up in case there is other interest as well. Okay, thank you. Any questions? Hearing none, chair Lennarton, a motion to approve. I make a motion to fire. Second. It's been moved and seconded. Any further discussion? Hearing none, all those in favor say aye. Aye. Opposed? Chair votes aye. Motion carries. Item number eight, the next regular meeting date is September 11th, 2023. Chair will entertain a motion to adjourn. So moved, motion to adjourn. Second. It's been moved and seconded. All those in favor say aye. Chair votes aye. Opposed? Motion carries.