Later, the emblem may be worn only for the duration of their assignment. Both as individuals and as members of military units, America's servicemen have proved themselves worthy of medals and worthy of admiration by their countrymen. And now rub down and out, starring Lloyd Bridges, a tale well calculated to keep you in, suspense. You'd think that Southern California would be the last place where a health club would pay off, with all that fresh air and sunshine and some negotiably advertised. There's always guys who want to put on muscles and dames who want to take off pounds.  Zack's Sunset Health Studio, I called it. Of course, you get all kinds of trade on the strip, legitimate and the other kind. Big Willie Spang was one of the other kind. A large tub, but loaded. Big Willie was known around town as a promoter, but nobody seemed to know what he promoted. He used to come in every Friday night around 7 for a sweat and a steam room and a rub down just before he left for the fights. That's how I found out at least one thing that Big Willie had promoted, a beautiful wife. Pardon me. Yeah? What can I do for you? Is Mr. Spang through yet? I think he is. He ought to be out any minute now, Miss... Mrs. Spang. Mrs. Spang? My name is Zack Weston. It's nice meeting you. Oh, thank you. How are you, Frankie? Ah, Joycee. There you are. Hey, Zack, this is my wife, Joycee. Yeah, yeah, we just met. This is Zack's partner, Joycee. This is Frankie Schatz. Well, honey, Mrs. Spang, glad to know you. Hey, Zack, I gave Frankie some tips, boy. You better, my say, you make a few bucks. I'll make yourselves a million. We appreciate it, Big Willie. Yeah, you ought to. It's good advice. Well, let's go, Joycee. I don't want to be late. Good car tonight. Got a kid in the second bar going to win it. You bet on him, boys. You bet like Italian, you'll make a buck, huh? Come on, Joycee. See you, guys. Yeah, good night. Good night, folks. Am I seeing things? Oh, you got a 20-20 vision, kid. That was for real. Ooh, pop up. Buy me something like that. Class, Frankie. Class. How does it take? I'm five-ten with an electric personality. And a thin wallet. Yeah. Look, Zack, let's get rich, huh? Let's make a buck like Big Willie says. Let's make a million and get something like that, one for each of us, just like Big Willie. I didn't tell Frankie, but I didn't think that it would take a million. It wasn't what she said. She hadn't said anything really. It was just the way she looked at me. The kind of a look that tells you this is a beginning. The kind of a look that tells you the phone will be ringing soon. Tomorrow, next day, as soon as possible. Hello? Yeah, I know, Mrs. Spang.  You've done wonders for him. Well, I'm glad he thinks so. How about doing something for my muscles? Well, I'd say your muscles are fine, just the way they are, Mrs. Spang. Well, you do advertise for men and women, don't you? Yeah, that's right. Well, why would it be convenient for you, Mrs. Spang? It's fine. It'll be fine, Mrs. Spang. Oh, Zack, why not forget the messiest? I feel I've known you a long time. Through my husband. Wednesday afternoon at three. For your workout, Mrs. Spang. Wednesday, she showed up at three. Frankie had taken the afternoon off, and the place was empty except for Benny, the punch-drunk fighter who helped out around the joint. Hey, Benny. Benny! Yeah, yeah, Zack, yeah. Hey, you see that, Zack? I'm getting good, huh? Hey, maybe one of these days, how's that? Yeah, yeah, yeah, Benny. One of these days, you were back in the ring. Hey, what do you want, Zack? Uh, the gym. I want to use the gym.  Go ahead, Benny. Take five. Oh, oh, sure, Zack. Hey, you bet. Yeah, I'll take five. Rinse it out. You bet. Yeah. Well, Zack, you all ready for me? Uh, all set. How do we begin? Well, I think we'll start off your first day kind of light. It's not good to exert yourself too much the first day. Let's, uh, try this horse first, huh? Can you get up on it? Oh, sure, with a little help. All right, here, use my hands for a step. Okay. Oh, I'm falling. The kiss wasn't soft. It was hard and demanding. It was a kiss that yelled hunger. She held on to me like she was fighting for a life. Finally, I broke away from her, and she looked up at me as if she were really surprised. Is that a regular part of the course? That's a part of it. You're bored, isn't it? What else can you teach me? Mrs. Spang, I've suddenly noticed that your muscles are in good condition. They're fine. We can't do a thing for you. All right. Send me a bill. No, you're not satisfied. My clients never pay when they're not satisfied. Thursday went by, then Friday. Finally, Saturday afternoon, she called. Big Willie was out of town for a few days, she said. At seven, she picked me up at the joint in a red convertible, and a little after eight, we were eating lobster in a quiet place on the beach near Malibu. What is it, Zack? What's what? What is it about you? What is it with the way you look at me and the way I look at you? It's a fire, Joyce. A fire that never should have been started. How do we put it out? I don't think we do. Oh, say nice things to me, Zack. You're another man's wife? He's not a man, he's a...  You know what's possible for a woman to hate a man she's married to? You made a promise, remember? People who are desperate make all kinds of promises. Oh, I've honored him and I've obeyed him, but I broke my promise to love him. Zack, tell me what I want to hear, please. You want me to say I love you? I love you. Wrong? Of course it was wrong. But a thing like this doesn't end in just one night. There were other nights when Willie had to leave town because of the boys from back east. We found ourselves taking long drives along the coast. Then when the heat was off and he came back, we couldn't see each other. I was like a caged animal waiting. I couldn't call her when he was in town. She had to call me. Hello? Zack, listen, Zack, I've got to talk to you. What's the matter? Well, I can't tell you over the phone. I think he knows, Zack. I think he knows about us and I've got to talk to you. All right, where? Well, I'll pick you up in front of the signboard at Sunset and Doheny. Eight o'clock. Okay. I'll drive the sedan. All right, I'll be there. Eight o'clock came fast. I planted myself in front of the signboard and waited. A little after eight, the big sedan pulled up next to the curb. Hey, Weston? What is this?  We continue with the second act of suspense. I have never read a collection of American folklore which had a section devoted solely to the downtrodden commuter, but there should be. There are legends galore about the miseries of these poor folk. For example, there was this train in Idaho that was a might slow. Once an impatient passenger asked the conductor why the train had stopped. There's a cow on the track, he said. We have to chase her away. A little later, when the train stopped again, the passenger roared, Now what's wrong? Oh, said the conductor serenely. We just caught up with that cow again. Folklore belongs to every nation's legend. Every nation's legendary past. And I guess we Americans have our share of some good ones. Like the one about, but we'll have to save that one for the next time we travel your way. See you then. And now, starring Lloyd Bridges, act two of rub down and out. Nobody said anything.  Then up Beverly Drive and on into the hills near Franklin Reservoir. Where there aren't any houses and there aren't any lights and no traffic. All right, get out. Go on, get out. Now, will you tell me what this is all about? Some vise, Mr. Weston. We've been asked by a friend to pass on some friendly advice. What friend? Don't you know Mr. Weston?  A home wrecker? Oh, you have very bad manners, Mr. Weston. But you know what's impolite to interrupt on? I'm giving you such important advice, Mr. Weston. Oh, no, wait, wait, just a minute. My friend Henry here, he hates home wreckers too, don't you, Henry? Yeah, I sure do. What's the matter, Mr. Muscle Man, can't you take it? Double cross me, double cross. Oh, that's a very bad thing to say about my friend's wife. Henry, bad. Oh, please.  You can get into a lot of trouble or hold it, Henry. Well, I hate home wreckers. Well, sure you do. All right, Henry. That's enough, I said. I think Mr. Weston gets the point. You can get over cuts and bruises and internal injuries. Or can you get over a double cross and dame? Well, you can bet that I was going to try. The next night was Friday and Big Willie came in on the dot of seven. He got his steam and his rub down and left, acting just the same as he always had. I'd have thought that I'd dreamt it all up, except for my split lip and the mouse under my eye. Then the phone rang and I was sure that it had happened. Hello? Oh, what do you care? Baby, darling, listen to me. Oh, what am I supposed to think? No, it was him, Zack. He made me call you. There was nothing I could do. He was acting so crazy. Well, I can't say that. Blame him. This whole thing was wrong from the beginning. Never should have happened. Who? We haven't. Yeah, I heard you. See you tonight. Now, what happens tonight?  I just can't go on living with him any longer. All right, all right, Joyce. Pick me up at sunset in La Cienega. There was no use. I couldn't get away from her. It was the sound of a voice and I was a goner. I told her that. Parked on the Palisades, looking out over the movement ocean. I just can't stand him, Zack. I can't stand him a minute longer. He was in tonight, same as usual. Sure. He'll keep coming back. Why? He hates my guts. He'd get just kicked that way. He's making fun of you, Zack. He's scared you and he wants to keep on scaring you. Well, I don't scare easy.  Do you hate him? You know I do.  What? For me? For us? Yeah. When? When will you kill him? Oh, Joyce. How can I do a thing like that? Make it look like an accident. Like an accident? Uh-huh. Oh, baby. Look, I don't know. Let me think about it. Maybe I can figure out something. Oh, Zack. Oh, baby, what would have happened to me if I hadn't found you? We continue with the third act of... Suspense. Memo on Medals. Information about our military awards and decorations. Service medals are given for honorable performance by military personnel in specified geographical areas between specified dates. Unit decorations are those awarded to sighted units of the armed forces for exceptional performance and armed conflict. In most cases, they are worn centered immediately above the right breast pocket, while individual decorations and service medals are worn over the left breast pocket. Many American awards and decorations may be presented to people of other countries, but not the purple heart. This distinguished and cherished medal was first conceived by George Washington during the Revolutionary War. The purpose being to demonstrate in his own words that the road to glory in a patriot army and free country is open to all. Awarding of the purple heart was discontinued after the Revolutionary War until it was revived in 1932 as a memorial to our first president on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth. As recognition for special acts of public service, medals are among the most coveted of all awards. And now, starring Lloyd Bridges, act three of Rub Down and Out. What are you going to do? Well, on a road like that, you do anything. Only murder is something that you don't commit every day of the week. It takes a little thought, a little planning, and I was an amateur. And one night, I got the answer in a hot flash. I was sitting all alone in the steam room after hours trying to figure out a way to kill Big Willie when I suddenly realized that it was hot, too hot. The steam burned my nostrils and I was so weak that I hardly made the door. Benny, hey, Benny. Yeah. Hey, were you monkeying with that steam valve?  Oh, boy, you nearly cooked me. Cooked me. Yeah. Sure. There was only one door to the steam room. It was big, heavy. And it locked from the outside. And tomorrow was Friday. Big Willie's night for a steam bath. The next morning, Joyce called. I knew she wouldn't. She called every day now with the same question. You got an idea yet? Yes, I have, honey, at last. What is it? I'll tell you when I see you after the inquest. Now, you're sure it'll work. You can't miss. Not with you in my corner, baby. Scared? Yeah, sure I was scared. I wasn't going to let on. There were a lot of things that could louse it up. But as the day dragged on, everything worked out my way. Frankie had a dinner date, so he was leaving early. Benny wanted to go to the fights. Finally, I had only one last worry. Maybe Big Willie wouldn't show up at all. But he did, right on the dot of seven. I told him that Benny would take care of him. He grunted at me and showed me his cigar-stained teeth. 20 minutes passed, then I heard Benny in the locker room. Big Willie was taking his steam bath. Benny? Yeah? I'll go take care of Big Willie.  Go to the fights? Yeah? Hey, hey, thanks, Doc. Thanks. Then I walked across the gym and stepped up into the steam room.  How you doing, Willie? Oh, well, I'm speaking, huh? I got nothing to say. No, I got plenty to say to you. Now, sit down. What do you think you're pushing around?  Maybe you've got a short memory. Maybe you forgot what happened to you the other night. I remember.    I'm getting out of here. I don't have to listen to this. You ain't going anywhere, Big Willie, ever again. This is your last stop. Benny! Benny! Don't do any good, Willie. There's nobody out there. Just you and me. You've got nobody to back you up now. And I don't need anybody. How you like that, Willie, huh? Why, you... Uh-oh, Willie! Well, a conditioned fact, man. Oh, wait a minute. Now, wait a minute, sir. Let me tell you something. Yeah, well, make it fast. You ain't the first. What do you mean? Well, her. And you won't be the last either. Well, that, you'll get another one! No, listen. Listen, I tell you, she ain't worth it. But if you want her, you can have her. Well, that's really generous of you, Willie. But you won't keep her long.  A dirty, miserable rat! No! No, please, no more. No, no more. Now, you can take your steam bath now, Willie. A nice, long one. In private. Hey, what the... What? Don't do it, Zach! It's done. He's in the steam room now. Maybe you can hear him screaming. Oh, let him out, Zach. The police! Police? Yes, they were here looking for him. Well, why? Well, I don't know, but they wanted to know where he was, and I told them. You told them? Well, I had to. Zach, I didn't think you'd do it so soon. I didn't want you to get in trouble. Oh, Zach, don't do it. Don't do it! I'll talk to you later, baby. Talk to you later. Yeah, Willie! Yeah, just a minute, Willie, boy. The valve's stuck. It's locked. It's locked. It locks wrong when I closed it. Wait a minute, big Willie. Now, wait. The key must be somewhere. No, no, the key, the key. I've got to find that key! Is this the key you look at for Weston? What? Police Lieutenant Arnold. Here, Sergeant. Unlock the door. Willie was still alive when they got him out of the steam room. So they put him away for a long, long time. Born of all things, income tax evasion. After the judge heard my story, I ended up with one to two years for assault with a deadly weapon, sentence suspended. I bet it's the first time that a steam room was ever called a deadly weapon. Joyce, well, big Willie was right about her. I hear she's in Chicago now with one of the boys from back east. I guess they had more than one reason for wanting to get rid of big Willie. And when I stopped to think of it, in a way, I can't blame them. Suspense. In which Lloyd Bridges starred in William and Robeson's production of Rub Down and Out by Richard George Petticini. Supporting Lloyd Bridges in Rub Down and Out were Tracy Roberts, William Conrad, Eddie Marr, and Jack Krushen. Listen. Listen again next week when we return with another tale well calculated to keep you in. Suspense. This is the United States Armed Forces Radio and Television Service.


In today's video we're beginning our quest to pull every card in rarity collection This is the binder. We're gonna put them What's up guys? We are back with another rarity collection opening today I'm officially starting what we're gonna finish on saturday. We have two boxes to open up today We have much much more to open up saturday because it's gonna take a ton of opening packs It's gonna be worth it because every time we pull something we're gonna add it to the binder So we're probably gonna have to like open a few packs and then add it because like if we do it every pack I'll take forever, but so I did happen to have two of these four Row binders which is good because we have seven of each rarity. I want to put them all next to each other It's gonna be pretty messy, but it's also going to be super fun because this is a 500 plus card set when it comes to unique cards But before we get into it, we have a giveaway I'll be giving away another box of 25th anniversary rarity collection. This came from my local So if you get something crazy, go ahead and pat them on the back front line games Thank you guys so much for always being there for the earlier releases and stuff like that on wednesdays and stuff I'm super excited. Let's go ahead and start opening this. This is our first time starting to add to the binder By the way tomorrow, I'm gonna be opening up a couple of cases for frontline That will not be included in our binder because those are not my cards I'm just opening them from my local store and uh, I figured you guys want to see more rarity collection Right? I got a couple cases to open up for you guys.  I'm gonna do one box at a time here to see kind of what the ratios end up Being for one box. I don't think we even need to mix this stuff up because it's absolutely ridiculous Don't really need a pack trick. Don't need to mix anything up. I know a lot of you guys are gonna love that Yes, no pack trick. Thank goodness. All right, here we go Let's start with box one and see what we can add to the binder. All right We'll do one pack and then I'll add a We'll probably wait a few so we start adding cards to the binder Maybe we'll open like four or six and then I can show you guys what it looks like We're starting off with a baron. It's already an amazing start super rare baron two supers per pack in this danger jack wait Is it too super for a pack? It might not be it might be more than two if you don't get anything crazier danger jackalope We got an effect baler right off the bat ultimate rare. Okay. We're starting off nice We've got our little ea dash or dash en o three front line was really suggesting to kanami Hey, you need to put some sort of set code so we can tell the difference if it's an ulti Collect right like they can tell but they know it's just a lot cleaner if you have an idea there You don't have to like differentiate every single one Striker dragon started off with back to back oldies again just like yesterday and then we got another super So there we got two oldies and a secret right off the bat in one pack That's absolutely ridiculous And if you're watching this and you're like how in the world do you tell the difference between these cards? Guess what? I made a little short that can tell the difference between all the rarities So go check that out youtube shorts on my channel Okay, let's see what else we can get a 25th anniversary elder into the intis beautiful that is amazing We've got a striker dragon So we have an ulti and an ultra of that an artimus ultra and then a time thief Redoer that's pretty awesome. Yeah, we've got a lot of additions already to the binder I'm gonna have to sleeve up a lot of cards in this We have lone fire blossom We got called by the grave secret rare summon limit no platinum rare yet We have a reasoning for goat format pretty awesome That'd be kind of a funny one to have That's a funny one to have seven rarities of lone fire blossom also pretty nice for Edison I'm just thinking about how long this is going to take on the live stream Like every time we're adding cards early on it'll take a while But eventually we're gonna start, you know, we're gonna have a lot more cards And there'll be less adding as we go Egyptian god slime. Let's go. I get to keep all these cards too. This is exciting. These are my cards Egyptian god slime That is a pretty awesome 25th anniversary ancient fairy pot of extravagance We're getting a lot of great pulls right now and then ding gear sue 80 unique cards. I believe I still think it's 80s 80 or 79. I really don't know We eventually will find card number 80 and then I'll help I haven't seen max fees. So I think you got cut from the ocg list, unfortunately Nightmare unicorn. We got infinite impermanence that ultimate rare maxi will continue to be $800 Iris sword soul Macknight crusadia avamax and an inspector border. That was kind of a boring one Just, you know, a few ultras just a sec. I'm gonna start I'm gonna start the little binder action We have a striker dragon harpy's feather storm secret. We got a pot of desires Vision hero ferris and a win the win that channeler. Let's see what else try brigade revolt We got downer magician cyber age old benton Galaxy eyes after glow dragon. I haven't seen anything above an ultra or super for that yet But eventually we will there's so many variants 500 different cards I mean that is way more than we're used to it's usually like 150 at the most Code soccer pot of prosp that's pretty awesome change of heart Vision hero ferris super. We have a Artemis I think the way to do this change of heart will be to oh Collector our first collector of the video a little bit of those dots all over the surface You can see that that's collector where sign at the harpy's feather storm and harpy's feather storm If I do the supers first and go throughout the binder and kind of do that I'll be able to follow a lot easier. Okay. Here's where this card goes It'll be kind of the signifier And I just do the end there's I have most of the supers, you know already We have to change our not most but a lot of them a ghost trick angel We have elder entity inches. Oh, that was an ulti. I didn't notice that. Oh, it was that an ulti Yeah, ulti sets. Those are pretty tough to tell you got to look at the borders Or the little dots. I didn't see any but they can miss those So the border I think is the easiest way to tell that apart from the collector We're pretty cool. No ash blossom yet. That's the big card that we're really looking for a change of heart We got elder entity into us Dogmatica a cleasy the virtuous mud dragon of the swamp and dogmatica punishment Let me know in the comments How excited are you for this new set and are you pumped about pulling every card? We have never done this before but I figured this is the perfect set to do it with Is that our first platinum? There we go. Red eyes flare metter metter metal Magician salvation blows abyss. I do want this. I cannot wait to pull all seven versions of that The question is what am I going to do? I thought what do I do with the whole set? I could either keep the set. I could sell it as one I mean, you're not going to see that anywhere else. You could buy the entirety collection set If there's potential interest in that then maybe I would consider just, you know, selling the entire Collection that we get that'd be kind of cool or I could hang on to them But the problem is I did have to pay a lot of money to get these So selling them is more ideal for my actual finances But it would be pretty cool to have the whole set But I feel like it would be a pretty unique thing for been dropped with latimer fossil dig Oh fossil dig and seven prints. That's awesome dark ruler no more and the ghost bell and haunted mansion It would be a pretty unique thing to be able to sell all the cards at once You know by you you've got a 500 plus card set and you can just buy all of them. It would be pretty sick I'm having so much fun with this set already. I can't wait for Saturday. Normally on these these long streams I'm kind of like man. These are going to be really long. I don't know if I'm ready for this But this I'm really pumped like it's going to be a fun stream because we've never done this saline Collector rare and then he's saline super this one. I'm actually really really excited to get all the cards and try to hunt for I think we're going to be able to do it. There is some variants involved. Oh a rota 25th Might have to replace my collector rare and my Edison deck with something I did do my rankings of my favorite cards or favorite rarities in the set and I won't spoil it But it is also going to be a short as well, but it was in yesterday's video You can see what my favorite rarity is and I'll spoil a little bit that 25th is not my number one We have a flare metal. We have spell book of judgments in here. Okay fall out of albaz more prints of fall out of albaz Pot of prosperity always good to get those I bet that one will hold up over a dollar That's going to be solid because it's just I mean it's pot of prosperity, right? It's going to be a great card danger jackalope It's good because I actually don't have any prosperity's because I sold them They were too expensive to hang on to effect valer rota Carol of the arc light that is an ultra ultimate rare not ultra effect valer Dimension shifter. We have striker dragon boreload savages in it. There's so many good cards wing dragon ross sphere mode and The magician's salvation good stuff. Good stuff. So it's the minimum and ultra in these middle slots So I'm trying to figure out we have reasoning. That's cool. Very talluna. It seems like it is infinite impermanence evenly match I I'm not getting any supers in those slots and deco talker So altars are going to be fairly common in here as well So if you want the ultra of something it probably won't be crazy expensive. We've got god slimed to gear sue It's a small world after all chaos base and artifact. Lancia three packs left in box number one ash blossom Still we have not pulled a high rarity ash blossom. I don't know if there's any short prints or not Uh, you never know with kanami. That's a collector rare right there. You can tell by the little sparkles Wing dragon ross sphere mode ancient fairy dragon super Man, so many good cards the stack of good cards is like way taller than the supers rota We got the platinum. We're getting all kinds of rotas in this called by the grave pot of extravagance Is that a collector rare as well? It is ice dragons prison. We are crushing this box right now This is a really good box rarity collection man. We are gonna have some bling down decks everybody It's gonna be nice. We have win the wind channeler artifact lancia ghost bell and haunted mansion and iris sword soul Okay, okay that first box had four ulti's four collector rares three 25th and three platter mares I could have missed a platter mares going through them But because they are a little bit more subtle, but it seems like you're getting a ton of high rarity stuff So like at the beginning it's pretty amazing alpha Magnite just one box. So if you guys do like this set, don't forget. I do have a discount kovas asiato Go check them out link in the description five percent off if you want to buy some of the set It's a hot set. So it's going to be going pretty quick. I think reasoning I mean, it's just you can't really top this set and when it comes to opening It's so much fun. You get a lot of really cool cards. We'll see how the value holds up But it feels like you're getting a lot of value. There's a platinum rare l litch We got a codetalker inverted And an effect valer getting a lot of effect valers. It feels like which is going to be Interesting for the effect valer market We're getting tons of them try to get revolt. We have egyptian god slimes secret other entity intas Yeah, galaxy eyes after grow good galaxy good good galaxy and another ding gear zoom insane This set is crazy. It's it's literally insane blue eyes of best dragon highest rare we've pulled of that Is that card damaged? What is that? No, I just okay. This is a little fuzz ball stuck to it. Okay Secret I do really want to pull Really want to pull the high rarities of that card because blue eyes white dragon We've we got one blue eyes card in here. It's like the most collectible card probably It's most of the cards in here are not really egyptian god slime is probably up there as well It's more of a you know, it's got some collectibility junk speeder. That's pretty cool ultimate rare Summon limit awesome stuff. I'm going to be like sorting like crazy When I guess what I'm going to be putting them in the binder anyway So I'm definitely going to have to danger jackalope 25th anniversary Very nice very shiny beautiful a dear servant collector and the same pack Wow, they're going to be some banger packs in this. It's going to be pretty awesome. Wow. Wow.  Well, I think the arisorts old saline Time thief reader the only thing is I they need to be careful not to overdo this kind of set because I already mentioned it yesterday. They can't do this I saw someone comment on twitter. I don't know. I don't know. I didn't know who it was at all They were responding to somebody I followed. I think master doc was saying they wanted this two times a year and I was like that That just would not work. It wouldn't work. Everything would be worth nothing at that point I think it needs to be I mean once a year almost feels like too much for this kind of set It needs to like you need to build up a lot of cards that need reprints Because you basically never not that you'll never need a reprint But you won't need a reprint for a very very long time after this set comes out So all the cards in here are not going to need a reprint for a while in my opinion small world Because you're always going to be able to get these supers eventually there will be a time Where people can't get a hold of this set anymore or like they've moved all their inventory But the supers there's going to be a lot of supers for every card in this set And that's going to make it really accessible. So there's a platinum rare It's going to be a quite a while before you ever need another herald of the arc light Like that is going to be a card pot of prosperity same thing This is so playable that it might be a little bit faster for this one But some of these other cards like numeron dragon used to be expensive It got one reprint and then it was worth nothing now. It's going to be worth nothing for years So if we do this twice a year like all the cards every time I mean, we're going to run out of reprints. We won't need any other reprints That's this could be the only reprint set essentially We have tour guide from the underworld deco talker There will be sometimes where there's like some cards pop up and They're really popular in the meta. So you need in so like such high demand that you still can get some value out of them But you do have to be careful printing like seven versions of something can only happen so often So I think that if I was to recommend I would say they would do this Now wait a couple years before you do it again And then like not only will it help let the market kind of saturate or Be saturated with this for a while and not like oversaturate pot of prosperity We got predator plant, but it will also build hype, you know, because we'll be so excited about this set because it gets a great set No matter what I'm saying right now. It's an awesome set super fun Really fun to open really good value for what you buy. You feel like you're getting a lot back Which is always a good thing So people are like when's the next one? I can't wait and it's better to like have people like Anticipating and waiting than to just shove it down their throat a million times eventually barrier 25th Sure people will be excited to play against that one herald of the arc light vision hero pharist and a unicorn So I think it'd be even better people are like, oh man, it's been so long since the last You know rarity collection and then in 2026 we get one and we're like, oh yes It was so great last time, you know, and I think that they should Consider pacing it like that because I think that could I think that could be pretty epic And I think it will work out a lot better in general just for the market because I you got to consider that When you are printing this mini reprints, uh, but I'm excited. I'm excited for this I mean no matter I have Talked about the negative a lot. I mean, obviously that's the thing that I mean everyone's gonna be excited about this set So I figured I should bring the negative, you know, at least viewpoint to consider and it's not really for Buyers of the cards like if you're buying a box of this, who cares? You're not really worried about it It's really for like people like kanami. It's like the actual company to consider So that we don't end up with a crazy. That was a wow. That was like collector wear and an ulti Ulti pack. That's pretty amazing. That's one of the best things about this set. You can pull multiple hierarchies I love it, but it's just something to consider for kanami that I know I mean there's been a lot going on with the printing sets like crazy We've already talked about it in another video and this is another version of that except this one is so Dense with multiple hierarchy cards. It's like this is like a super charred set to the market It's like they took seven sets and put it in one kind of so It almost counts as multiple blue eyes of best dragon secret. We still can't get anything higher than that We're gonna do our best Falling about best, but yeah, as I was saying don't don't just take this and be like, ah rucks and he hates this set I don't I don't hate the set. I love the set.  You can't just have cake every day because if you do I mean, eventually it's gonna come back and bite you and that's what'll happen if we have too many of these sets So I just want to throw that out there bear in the floor I think we've talked a little enough about that in this video magician salvation Oh, let's just get this out of the way. So on saturday, I can just be like, let's go I'm probably gonna be talking more about this in the case But on saturday, I just want to be pumped about collecting the set because I'm I haven't been excited to collect a yugioh set Like since LOB the very first time I got into it 25th anniversary ballin about best beautiful Luna and a triple tykes talent. So I haven't seen the hierarchies of those. But yeah, this is a very collectible set That's what I do like about it. I think let me just throw this out there We'll maybe talk about this a little bit on tomorrow's video as well This kind of set is ideal for collectors too. Imagine you just get a set like this You do all collector cards Maybe a few meta cards just so the meta people are interested maybe like 10 meta cards They'll still be into it and you just throw in some blue eyes cards and dark magician cards Maybe just do some old school like random archetypes that are collectible and people really like but they aren't that good, you know There could be some really fun stuff with that. There's some potential there called by the grave Chaos base. I'm that's all I'll say for this video But rarity collection 2.0 just to like avoid oversaturating like the playable cards could be a collector's edition All right, let's cut to the binder where we are showing our final product of what we have right now And these are what we have going into saturday where we have to complete all seven rarities of every card All right quick run through the binder. I know we don't have the best audio right now to my mic This is the setup we're doing. So we have one two three Seven across so it'll be super ultra secret platinum secret Collector rare. We've got the ultimate rare and then the 25th anniversary I had to do two different binders because there's so many cards and if it takes up two whole pages It takes a while. So that's what we're going to do. It took me forever to put these all in here So the stream is going to be long saturday for sure, but i'm excited Shout out to tomahawk show dax or tomato juice puffets of doom or nested dn at america doyser supreme stage 21 cj leo grind 62 yugioh unboxed in a thai show ian mooster jr barney robert f tomas book lane and changelang Thank you guys for supporting the channel. I'll see you guys in the next one peace


NWL55JC2 port preparation. Within this exercise we will use a single wire viewer option and let's discuss a bit the basics. So the most of the ARM Cortex-M cores, except ARM Cortex-M0 and M0+, have a dedicated peripheral called instrumentation trace macrocell ITM. This peripheral can be used to send some data from the MCU, so it can be anything which is addressable. So it can be global variable, it can be content of the special register. And the data can be sent over additional pin, which is called single wire output SWO. So this pin is connected to PB3 on the pin out of the microcontroller. STM for that occupy DE toolchain can display this information using single wire viewer. It can be displayed as a classical terminal view, so text display, or it can be displayed as well as graphical way. On a NWL55JC port, which we are using within this exercise, SWO pin, so PB3 is not connected to STL by default, so we need to use a wire to connect two pins to have this functionality available. On next slides, I would present how to do it on NWL. The simplest way to connect SWO of PB3 is to use a wire. In such a case, we need to connect one of the pins on CN10, which we can see on the right side of the board. It is in fact the fourth pin, the left side of this CN10, counting from the bottom of the board. We need to connect this pin with the underscore SWO pin, which is located on the jumpers area within the central part of the board. This you can see on the pictures on the screen. Another option, not temporary, but permanent would be to use jumper modifications. We need to modify two jumpers. We need to set SB8 jumper, which is located on the top side of the board, very close to the CN11 fields, and on the right side of the shield of the microcontroller. This is the right picture, and we need to remove SB31 jumper, which is located on the bottom side of the board, just on the right side of CN9 connector. By doing this, our SWO will be connected to PB3, and there would be no need to use any wires to connect those two pins together. Interprocessor communication on STM32WL55, example description. Within our exercise, we will use shared buffer, which would be initially cleared, so it will contain all zeros. And then within Cortex M0+, we will have a local buffer, it would be 32 components of the sine wave. And within Cortex M4 area, we will have two buffers. The first one would be 32 samples of the square wave. And there would be a user buffer, which would be initially a square wave as well. We will monitor the content of user buffer by copying it, its content to the global variable one by one in the loop, and we'll monitor this global variable using a single wire viewer monitoring, which you can see on the screen. So there is an example of this square wave, which we can see later on the screen. So this is the initial state after the reset. Let's analyze this application step by step. So at the beginning after the reset, we can see the situation like the following. User buffer on Cortex M4 will contain the square wave as it is initialized with this content at the beginning. In Cortex M0+, space, within the local buffer, we've got the sine sinusoidal samples. And the shared buffer contains all zeros. So on a single wire viewer, we will see the square wave data. Once we press either B1 or B3 button, both of them are assigned to Cortex M0+, the sine buffer would be copied to the shared buffer. And after this operation will be completed, IPCC will generate an interrupt that the data has been transferred to the shared buffer, this TX direction. This interrupt will be raised on Cortex M4, and after this, Cortex M4 will copy the content of the shared buffer to its user buffer. It would replace the existing square wave samples with the sine wave samples. And after this operation, we will see on the single wire viewer the sine wave samples instead. After this operation, Cortex M4 will clear the content of the shared buffer and it will send the confirmation that the data has been received by raising the interrupt on RX direction. This interrupt would be raised on Cortex M0+, and it would be the sine for Cortex M0+, that it's possible to send new data to the shared buffer as the previous one has been already used by Cortex M4. In the meantime, if we will press B2 button, which is assigned to Cortex M4, Cortex M4 will copy the content of its square buffer to user buffer, which would replace the sine wave samples with the square wave samples, and we will see again on single wire viewer square wave instead of the sine wave. Short description of the example would like to create. We can reuse one of the previous examples, these with three buttons and three LEDs. When this exercise will use only three buttons, LEDs will be not used. Then we need to add IPCC module and assign it to both cores with interrupt generation. Then both cores will share the buffer located at the end of SRAM area of the MCU. This is in fact the close to the finish line of Cortex M0+, SRAM area. Okay, let's prepare an example step by step. I will use STM32Cube IDE and I will create a new project. So this is my empty workspace and I can use either create a new STM32 project link over here or go directly to the file new STM32 project. So I need to select my microcontroller, so this is STM32WL55JC. It's enough to put on the part of the name and this is our micro. It's quite easy to recognize it because there is a board equipped with exactly the same microcontroller and this board will use within this exercise. So I go to next. Important here is to enable this multi CPUs configuration, as it would allow us to create two projects for both cores and my project name it would be IPCC. Then I press finish. Okay, after a while we can see the pinout. So I would start with the buttons. So first one is PA0. Left button on mouse, then GPIOXT0. Right button on mouse, pin reservation. All assigned to Cortex M0+, then PA1. Left button on mouse, XT1. Right button on mouse, pin reservation and Cortex M4. And PC6. Left button on mouse, XT6. And right button on mouse, pin reservation, Cortex M0+, as well. Then we need to activate pull-ups for those three pins. So I go to system and core, GPIO. And over here, if I would click anywhere on the industry row, I'm selecting GPIO pull-up pull-down, and I'm selecting pull-up for all of those three added pins. Okay, next we enable IPCC. So I go to this IPCC and I'm activating it for both cores. This automatically activates interrupts for both cores as well. We need to do one more thing within GPIOs. I forgot about it. It's to enable the interrupts for both cores on those three channels. External interrupt channel 1 for Cortex M4 and channel 0 and channel 6 for Cortex M0+. Next step is to activate the debug interface. So this is within trace and debug. I just click on it and select JTAG and the trace, the last option, so trace, a synchronous serial wire. So we will use three pins PA13, PA14 and PB3. PB3 is an additional pin, it is single wire output. It allows us to get some messages from the core, which are sent synchronized with the core and can be used to monitor some variables or some content of some registers as well. So we'll use it to communicate with our both cores. Just for the verification, I would just check the clock configuration. So within the clock configuration, we can see that both cores are working on a multi-speed internal oscillator on 4 MHz without PLL, so we'll keep this default configuration. Then we can generate the code for both cores by clicking this icon, this button. There's a warning that it will switch to CC++ perspective from this QBMX1. So I just click Yes. And now we can see that the code is generated for both projects. So we've got project for Cortex M4 and Cortex M0+. Both of them will have its own copy of main.c file, independent one, its own linker files and its own sources. So we'll have two completely independent code areas for Cortex M0+, Cortex M4. But please remember that we've got one common set of peripherals, which are shared between those two cores. Okay, the project generation is finished. Now we can do the code processing.


We have, you've already heard from Barbara Tyron. Barbara is the Executive Director of Government and External Relations for EPRI, the Electric Power Research Institute, which I guess is headquartered in California. Three different locations, okay. She serves as the principal liaison between EPRI and Congress and the administration. They, EPRI is a great organization in terms of its R&D and a lot of the studies that they do and I think Barbara is going to talk about that. She is, she's been with EPRI for almost 20 years and has a prior life at Detroit Edison, at the KCPNL, Great Plains. She worked for Empire for a while and started out as a management consultant at Booz Allen and Hamilton and so Barbara has a wealth of experience. She is a, she has an MBA from from Yale and a bachelor's from Stanford. I, I always enjoy listening to Barbara and it's, I think she will add immeasurably. She's going to talk about one of, I think in part anyway about one of EPRI's recent, recent studies and I look forward to that and I'm sure she'll tell you where you can get copies of it. Kristen Lyons is a partner at Scott Madden. Scott Madden is, I'm proud to say, a Wires member but Kristen is a person I encounter quite a bit on the, on the speaking circuit. She is a frequent speaker at things called transmission summits. I don't know how you can have so many transmission summits but but it you know and maybe it's like the Himalayas I have no idea but it but there one is better than the other. I think this is a summit. I mean it doesn't get any better than this. So anyway Kristen's been with Scott Madden since 1999. She's does expert witnessing work. She's a great analyst in, in providing client services. I've run into Kristen on several occasions and she is a graduate of Gettysburg College and has an MBA from Southern Methodist. I'm, I'm always, always look forward to, to what Kristen asked to say. The, the, the last panelist is Judy Chang. If you look at the Wires reports, you will find her name on, on several of them because we have asked her on a couple, several previous occasions to do a study of some aspect of transmission, transmission planning. She is a, an energy economist and a policy expert and has a background in electrical engineering. Judy has, has been a really quite, I guess one of the big brains in the business I would, I would say. She's led transmission systems, system planners, market design experts, associated state stakeholders in improving market design and that work as you know is never done. I think, I think we have a long way to go and I think one of the things we're going to talk about on this panel is looking forward to the need for transmission, the need for a more flexible grid, the need to integrate new technologies and so forth. How do we, how do we, how do we plan, you know, other than simply using some crystal ball? There are ways we can actually ascertain what the future looks like and what the transmission grid needs to be. Judy is a, a, a, holds a master's in public policy from the Harvard Kennedy School and, and, and an electrical engineering computer science degree from UC Davis and she is now director of the, the Brattle Group. I'm, I think this is a great, as a great panel and I'm not going to talk anymore. I'm going to leave it to them. Do you want to use the podium? Yeah. Okay. Great. Good morning everyone. I'm Barbara Tyron with the Electric Power Research Institute and it's a real pleasure to be here with all of you talking about EPRES Integrated Energy Network. This is a new analysis, as Jim indicated, that we're just coming out with. I see that the subtopic for today's panel is what the electrified economy will look like in 2037, which sounds like a long way out, but I'm going to talk a little bit about this analysis and what our projections are around that energy future. So let's begin with a statistic or a projection I should call it. This was in the EPRI journal, which is published regularly and I hope you all will avail yourselves of it. It is free and publicly available, as I mentioned, but in the January issue EPRES president and CEO projected that we will have more technology transformation in the next eight years in the energy sector than we have in the last 25. I'll repeat that. More technology transformation in the next eight years than in the past 25. So you can see that we are really on our way here into a very exciting future leading to 2037. Now EPRES Integrated Energy Network that we're working on right now is not in isolation from some of our past work. For those who may recall in 2007, we came forward with the prism, which looked at the entire suite of fuels and technologies that generate electricity and that does mean renewable energy, which we've seen, of course, advance tremendously in those 10 years, but also the central base load generation and that was culminated then in 2014 with something called the integrated grid, which I hope some of you may be familiar with, which looked at the value of DER, distributed energy resources, of central base load power plants, but then very importantly, as Jim indicated in his opening remarks today, the transmission and distribution system that connects those and how can we derive the full value from all of those and we know we need that infrastructure investment in order to enable the bi-directional power flow that we enjoy today. So again, that's the legacy on which we're building this integrated energy network. All of the information and the derivative reports that will be coming out around this will be publicly available on the EPRI website. So let's look at where we are today and as we see today, we know that we have advanced meters in about 50% of the homes and businesses today in the United States. That's in 2016, but what we don't have are advanced meters in the water sector, natural gas sector, and so we see huge opportunities to bring that all together in an integrated fashion, hence the name and integrated energy network. And as we're looking at this, we're seeing that with that data being generated, that it's going to start to really transform how that system operates. Think about the United Parcel Service. When they started in the 1990s with what they call Track and Trace Program, so you could actually trace parcel delivery before that, we could not. That revolutionized that entire sector and so they went then into better operations, improved customer experience, huge cost savings. It just completely changed the entire way that packages are delivered in the United States and around the world. So we use that and now use the analogy that essentially what we need is situational awareness, the ability to understand where the electrons are flowing, particularly if they're generated by the customer or stored at the customer site. And what we have today is the equivalent of being able to imagine driving on a freeway and you can have your eyes closed for 14 seconds and open them for one second out of every 15. That's the kind of situational awareness we have going on. You can see you cannot drive very effectively if you only are able to see and sense your surroundings one second out of 15. We need to change that number and we need to change how we operate the system so we can get the best advantages out of that. So what does that mean? It means that in 1950, 3% of energy and use was electricity. Today, it's 19%. But we project that by the middle of the century, it'll be somewhere around 40 to 50%. We see that and it was just mentioned by the congressman with the electrification of transportation, a huge change that's going on. But again, electrification will happen in other sectors of the economy and bring huge, again, operational performance improvements but cost savings across the entire customer scope. So there's great opportunity for this. Again, all of this will be generating data. But data is just data until you can figure out how to evaluate it, use it wisely and then optimize the performance. So that is going to be what links all those different sectors, the telecommunications, the electricity, the natural gas, the water, all of them with smart meters that are generating data so we can try to find some improvements and integrate and enhance that whole system and also be able to bring down some costs in that whole process. So you can see this is a very exciting time upon which we're embarking. And the most interesting part of this is actually the customer, him or herself. Because we anticipate that today's customer is probably engaging about 5% with the electricity sector of what they are capable of and that within the next decade, they will advance that number significantly. So you can imagine if you're only at 5% of your potential right now in terms of your engagement with the system, you have 95% still to go and we're talking 10 years. So Jim mentioned the next couple of decades but we're looking at what's going to be happening here in the very short-term future, a very exciting future and look forward to your thoughts and questions after the panel. Thank you. Well, thank you, Jim.  So what I was hoping to do this morning with my remarks is to talk a little bit about the energy future we see today emerging on the distribution side. So talk a little bit about distributed energy resources, how they're showing up, the degree of penetration we see at the moment, and how that's going to impact the transmission system and really everything that we do in the transmission system. And I'll share what my personal hypothesis for where this is going is. Let's see. So I flipped through today's slides in the packets that everyone has and I think we may have like five different versions of this type of schematic. The point that I wanted to make is that for those of you who are fairly new to the industry, I think we have a variety of experiences here. The way we used to plan generation transmission and distribution is you looked at peak, you assumed you had central station generation, long haul transmission and distribution to take it to your ultimate customers. And we plan for peak, we plan for many different contingencies at peak, so many different things can go wrong. We can still keep the lights on. So the typical planning process that we went through for many, many years is starting to shift because the assets on the grid are beginning to change. At the moment, we're, I would describe us in those awkward in between years. So we're no longer strictly central station generation, but we're also not a completely distributed grid and we we lie in the middle and I'll talk about some numbers that suggest that. But what we're seeing is the emergency of all kinds of different resources for which the grid was not built. So we're seeing, first of all, the ability to manage load in ways that are new. And wholesale markets are making the most of this with energy efficiency and demand response as products in the capacity markets. So we're seeing the ability to change what that peak number that we used to plan for looks like. And now we're also seeing distributed generation on customer premises. So yeah, for years, commercial industrial customers have had some flavor of CHP. Well, now that's beginning to look very different with the proliferation of rooftop solar. We're starting to see storage that can serve as a sink or a source. We have electric vehicles, the same thing. And we have micro grids that can island themselves and remain reliable under circumstances where no no part of the grid used to stay up. So I'm sure everyone heard the stories about the resiliency of micro grids during Superstorm Sandy. So the long story short is that the grid for which we built resources for the last 100 years is changing. And it means that everything related to that those planning processes and the way we manage supply and demand has to look different. So what I wanted to do with this slide, so this is decentralized generation, we're talking about this is basically distributed generation and the pieces that you see in orange are what we call net metered. So that's essentially rooftop solar. So as we look at the California numbers look pretty high, right? So they've got roughly 5500 megawatts of rooftop solar and other types of distributed generation on the grid. That's 7% of their name plate capacity in California. As we go through the other states here, those percentages range from 1.3 in North Carolina, which is where I'm from, up to 22% in Hawaii. All in across the US. These resources only make up 1.7% of name plate capacity. So as we talk about the nascent nature of distributed resources on the grid, this is what we're talking about. And importantly, as you look at the percentages for these various states, they're very different. So the impacts on those states are very different. In North Carolina, this question looks completely different than it does in California, because of the way the local policy has evolved. And local policy is key here because it's all state jurisdictional assets. If they're even hitting the state jurisdiction, because often they're behind the meter. So what I wanted to do was was emphasize that this is nascent. And as I talk about those awkward in between years, states are setting policy, they're setting out roadmaps for how to incorporate more and more of these resources. And if the CEO of EPRI is correct, and that we're going to see that level of transformation and technology over the next eight years, then this is going to get very, these numbers are going to get very large very quickly. So having a plan for this is important. A couple of things that this level of resources at the distribution side means. This means more and more intermittency coming from the distribution system. And we're starting to see backfeeds. If you look at California and Hawaii, we're seeing backfeeds of these resources back into the transmission grid. Transmission operators have typically not been able to see this stuff. They haven't planned for it. And we've as an industry over the last 10 or 15 years have worked very hard to create a bright white line between transmission and distribution, everything from the way NERC standards for reliability are set to the separation of T&D control centers to the establishment and proliferation of RTOs and ISOs. We've worked very hard to keep T&D separate. They are coming back together in states and regions where these resources are showing up. So it's important for the transmission system to begin to understand how these resources will impact it. So on the distribution side, there's candidly a lot of predictions about what could happen. Different states are taking very different approaches and the level of intermittency that's being introduced to the transmission grid is unprecedented and will likely continue to be both unprecedented and grow as we go forward. So that's the distribution side. So on the transmission side, and again, I think any consultant that works in energy probably has some flavor of this slide as well. We're seeing coal fall off the stack. As you can see, coal is the gray all the way on the right. We're seeing natural gas come up thanks to fracking and good economics. Nuclear is staying roughly the same, but if you're watching what's happening in the wholesale markets, we're probably going to see nuclear plants continue to retire or they'll find a way to subsidize some of them in certain states. But importantly, the purple and yellow bars are growing. So purple is intermittent resources, i.e. wind and yellow is solar. So in addition to the intermittency that we're seeing coming up from the distribution side, we're seeing increasing intermittency in the bulk power system in the wholesale generation markets. And in places like California, you're looking at levels, again, this is for the U.S. as a whole. In certain states, these numbers are enormous. In California, your renewable resources are actually pushing your baseload generation offline in the middle of the day. So we're starting to see the transmission owners and operators have to manage this balancing act. We heard from the congressmen about having to curtail renewables. That's going to be one of the questions that continues to be asked as these numbers grow. So as we look at the grid going forward, we've got intermittency coming from the distribution side. We've got challenges coming from the transmission side as more and more of these resources become integrated. So what does that mean for us? So one of the things that I've heard posited in the industry is the days of building large-scale transmission are over. Because we can now, through energy efficiency and demand response, manage peaks. We used to build transmission to peak. We don't have the peaks that we used to have, so we can build less transmission as the way the argument goes. I would actually suggest that the level of intermittency and the need to integrate different types of resources creates an even stronger case for a very strong backbone system. And that's been demonstrated, you know, as MISO did studies to figure out how to integrate larger and larger amounts of renewables, particularly wind into their system, larger control areas, and lots of transmission is how you did it. And I don't think that story is going to get different as we see intermitten resources show up on the distribution side of the equation either. Transmission owners and operators are going to have to see into the distribution system. And I think this is where that discussion about the bright white line between T&D is going to get very interesting in the years to come. We're starting to see discussions about the aggregation of distributed energy resources from distribution into wholesale markets. California already has a construct whereby third parties can aggregate these resources and bid them in. New York is headed in that direction with their distributed energy resources roadmap. So again, having to see what's coming from the distribution side and manage it as an integrated set of resources at the transmission level is going to become critical to making all of these pieces work. The last thing, and my colleague, Judy, I'm sure can speak to this much more fully than I, but we're going to have to plan the transmission system differently. We have resources that are showing up in ways that we did not predict when we put the systems we have in place today in place. And we're having different contingencies than we initially had to plan for as well. So it used to be plan for peak and make sure that nothing is going to inhibit your ability to supply power under all those circumstances. Well, now the contingencies may be showing up in non-peak periods in the shoulder months when your renewables are very high. So we're going to have to call on the transmission planners, owners, operators to do all these things differently. So net, net, it's my view, my hypothesis that rather than reducing the need for robust infrastructure at the high voltage level, the situation we're in today requires more. Thank you. Good morning, everyone. My name is Judy Chime with the Browder Group. Thank you, Jim, for inviting me to speak and happy that you're here to listen to a very important aspect of the electricity industry and its future. We could have given the exact same presentation. I think our messages, our messages here, and it wasn't, well, it wasn't like we coordinated the story or anything like that. But as you can see, we have different aspects that we're doing work and addressing different aspects of the industry story. But we actually come to very similar conclusions and observations. So I'll share with you my perspective and of course some of the work that we have been doing in this area. Industry trends, I think you already heard them through Barbara and Kristen, but I think I want to highlight a few things. And in some ways, if you are not from this industry or are just thinking about these issues, these are some of the key trends that you can take to any cocktail parties and start talking about this because this is what's happening, right? So we have, since the economic crisis, the traditional use of electricity has diminished, has really slowed down, not only because of the economic activities had decreased back then, but also customers all of a sudden became very aware of what energy conservation and energy efficiency can do. And people were really focusing on how to spend their dollars. So in that trend has continued, regardless of the economic activities that had grown since then. And I think customers who are now more aware of how to spend their dollars are are going to continue to do so, and we have the technologies to help them to do so. Even in the world of Internet of Things, so we are now, I observed this very carefully in my own life, you know, we are now plugging in everything. In fact, there's barely enough plugs in the house to plug in all the things we need. Even with that growth recently, the growth projection of electricity use and the traditional use has been almost flat. Not flat exactly, I think it's 0.6 percent is what the national average is. There are different pockets of growth, particularly industrial commercial growth, but generally speaking as North America is going, the traditional use, the traditional use has really declined over the last few years, the growth areas. Now, I will talk about electrification as Barbara talked about, which is, I'll just call them sort of new growth. And I took down notes as Barbara talked about what the, you know, 50 percent, I think, in 20 years of our consumption, our energy usage will come from electricity. So that's a huge change going into the future from the way we think about it. And second, increased customer preference for conservation energy efficiency and clean energy. I mean, I talked about this already, but now customers are very aware of what they're using and when they're using it. Not everybody, I mean utilities usually push back when I say that because they say, well, really most of our customers just want to flip on the lights and not worry about it. But think about this, right? Your utility customers maybe in five, ten years, the decision makers about how to use electricity or energy in general are only maybe in high school and college today. And think about the way they think, think about the way they consume in general, but also consume electricity and consume energy. So they're going to want more information. They're going to want to compare what they're getting versus what their neighbors are getting. They're going to want to know more information. Not everybody, but majority of them are going to want more information. And we now have the technologies to manage this big data of the future, right? So, but the industry is just catching up, is trying to figure out how to use this information. I think you said earlier 50 percent has advanced meters in this country. That means we're collecting a boat load of information, but we're not quite using it yet, right? We're not using it. The capabilities are there. We don't even know how to use the information. Technology, okay, so I'm leading to the next one. Technological advances do allow people to monitor and control. And we're seeing, I'm working in New England with a aggregator. In New England, most of the states are deregulated, which means that customers have choice. Customers don't just go to the utility to buy electricity. They can choose who they want to buy it from.  How, you know, we, in fact, many of them collect this data from the smart meters or at least advanced meters and don't know how to manage it yet. They're now looking for vendors to show them how to use this, make this very user-friendly so that they can shut down certain parts of the buildings if they can. They can turn up the thermostat wherever they cancel. They want to control this so that they can reduce the cost of electricity, their energy consumption. So, customers are now wanting this. They see the potential they're asking for, asking for this. And then significant cost reductions in wind and solar. You probably see this in the trade press almost every day if you watch it. But we had dramatic decrease in the cost in the solar, solar industry. And more than we thought, even five years ago, when we said, oh yeah, the cost will come down, the cost will come down. We have these cost curves that drop, but it's really dramatically decreased in cost. Wind similarly, the technology has improved so that the same type of or the same size of turbines can now produce more wind power than they used to. So when you look across, and I'll show you across the map of the North America, the wind resources in the middle of our country can produce lots and lots of clean energy. Okay, and then the low cost of natural gas, that has also been transformative, right? So we now very much enjoy the low cost of energy from natural gas. And I think other folks' prediction is that the the resources are there. The costs are not going to increase. We're not seeing any significant increase in prices of natural gas in the near, near even far term. So we're enjoying this. I don't know how long it lasts, but so far people are predicting this will last for a while, which means it's placing downward pressure on other resources. And you hear this also in the trade press, coal plants, despite what the policies are, coal plants that have to compete with gas resources are hurting. They're not generating as much. They can't compete on cost. So you know, there's a lot of questions about what to do with them. And as you see, many have been retiring. And same thing for our nuclear plants. Nuclear plants have traditionally been very low cost variable resources, variable cost resources, and they're generating 24 by seven. That's our traditional resource. But now they're also feeling the pressure off from gas plants that are really putting down downward pressure on the prices that they can get from the market. And then increasing stringency environmental regulation, I think, you know, citing new plants, citing or even extending the licenses of existing plants have been more challenging. And then lastly, but really this is the way for the future is electrification. In fact, some of my colleagues just wrote a paper that just got picked up by the press yesterday about the electrification of transportation and heating. And it's interesting to hear that 50 percent number, which is a tremendous increase in electrifying our economy. And what that means is how are we going to power our economy? It's not, you know, looking out in the future, are we really going to power with them with the fuels of the current fuels or are we going to power with them with the, you know, capturing the value of the clean energy resources, plus perhaps storage, right? So that's my introduction. But if you don't learn nothing else, I think that would be a useful sort of cocktail party trend conversation. Just more, more on what we're observing. Here's a very quick glance at the clean energy of our country. But a couple of things to highlight is that in addition to what I already said about wind resources and solar resources, we also have tremendous opportunity to have increased exchanges with Canadian. Canadian resources are, well, the Canadians have been talking to the U.S. for decades now for additional imports, and I think we're going to have a speaker to hear more about the clean energy resources up in Canada and how that can help the U.S. balance its system and bring in more clean energy. Here's a different picture, but basically the same message. You can see if you look at North America or U.S. Canada and look at the resource locations and how we're using, and then, of course, you can put in your head where the biggest consumption areas are. You can see that the wind and the solar are not necessarily in the big consumption area. So what this means is, as Barbara and Kristen have mentioned, this, whether it's distributed generation or centralized generation, this picture does not say that we need less transmission. This says the exact opposite is to capture the value across different regions and bring that clean energy or just diverse resource of the future to our customers that requires infrastructure, backbone infrastructure. So just a brief note about that. So traditionally the utilities, vertically integrated utilities, have built power plants and they built transmission distribution to bring the power from their power plants to their customers. And larger utilities usually have customers in the north and southern part of their system and they had to build a system so that they capture the diversity of usage, because maybe in the north you might have a storm, but then in the southern part of their system they might have simultaneously a heat wave. So the uses of electricity have been diverse and that's how utilities traditionally built their systems. But now when we open up the picture, so now we're in a world where we're not just working with utility by utility, we're really looking at the regions as a whole or the country as a whole. Now we're thinking, how do we do the same thing for the country? How do we capture the diversity of resources but also diversity of uses by creating a backbone system that captures those value? And this is, you know, if we do this well, if we do this cost effectively with our long-term needs in mind, we can do this at a much lower cost for customers. And that's the rub because as you saw the picture that Jim had put up earlier, it seems like we're already building a lot of transmissions, right? There's a huge growth from the 60s and 70s on investments in transmission. But I think our worry is that we're just building incrementally and spending a lot of money. And most of that transmission requires significant uses of rights of ways that are very, very difficult to obtain. And certainly landowners don't want to give those up. So I think we need to plan more smartly with a long-term vision in mind. And I think that's the story or that's the message we want to send to planners and regulators and policymakers to think, look, we're not planning this for next five years or even 10 years. These assets last 40, 50 years. And we're planning and making the investments today for assets that will live for half a century long at least. And our vision is so short-term that we really need to think long-term about, OK, what is the optimal set of investments? That way we can make sure that our customers actually enjoy the lowest cost combination of resources and infrastructure. OK, this is a slide about electrification. I'm not going to cover too much about this, but this is really, there's a lot of debate about how quickly this is going to come. When oil prices were high, we thought this would come much faster. But I think, as you know, as technological breakthroughs come in the transportation sectors too, and as innovation come to for the plug-ins and the ability to plug in your vehicles and use clean energy to supply the resources, I think this will happen. The question is, you know, different regions might have it differently. And one of the messages that my colleagues wrote about is, you know, this gives utility a new role to play, right? So a new role for the electric utility is to say, we can help build this infrastructure, and we can help electrify our transportation system and take out some of the greenhouse gases emissions from the transportation sector. For states that have greenhouse gas reduction goals and targets and laws, this is going to be a big part of that transformation going to the next couple of decades that Barbara talked about. We already have talked about this, about distributed energy resources, but in a nutshell, I think I talked about this already, but basically the traditional drivers, the traditional reasons that we build transmission is to just serve customers. The growth of customers' needs, we build more infrastructure, we want to bring the power generation to the customers, we want to capture diversity of customer needs, what I just talked about, North and South, West and East, within a particular utility sector, utility jurisdiction, and then relieve system congestion, just like the highway. If we have congestion, then the cost increases for customers, so we build enough to relieve enough congestion. The newer drivers are access to renewable clean energy, the picture that you saw earlier where the large and low cost renewables are not located where customers are, so we need a backbone to support that, and then capture the diversity of those resource generation and then regional needs. Just one more point, actually before I get to sort of some of the takeaways in other regions, here's a picture of what we call merchant transmission developers have already proposed. In the ideal world, we want system planners to plan this way, the long term view of the world, where the resources might be needed, where the customers are, and sort of think about how the longer term backbone might look like, but lacking, and unfortunately, we have a big challenge about inter-regional and regional planning on a large scale because we really haven't done this before, so we're just kind of chugging along and trying to do that better. Developers have already had this vision for a long time. They get the locational choices, look at this, I mean just, I guess I wish I had a slide that sort of superimposed the resources against this. People are getting this, developers are getting this, they're saying, okay, we see where the resources are, we see where the customers are, we need to build backbones, this is just a picture to reflect that customers are getting this, I mean developers are getting this, the question is how do we put that into a regional plan, an inter-regional plan so that we have a way to pay for this kind of infrastructure build-up. Two last slides, but essentially all these words are saying that, you know, Europe is going through the same type of transformation in some ways, they, parts of Europe are actually quite advanced in thinking about this, they might face less political diversity in the way we think about the future, but the one take away from many of these words is what actually Kristen has already said that just because we have lost more distributed energy, particularly solar, it does not actually mean we need less backbone, because the backbone transmission system allow us to capture the diversity of customers using them at different times and that's more dramatic in Europe and the diversity of the resources, you know, wind are in different parts, offshore wind is in different parts of the world and storage in the different parts of the world, of different parts of Europe, we see that in Europe and we see that in the US. So with that, I'm happy to open up for discussion or questions. That was absolutely a super panel. I'm an awe of these women. They've got the right idea. I'm going to open this up for questions. Yes, sir. Teri here with the Passive House Institute. In Europe, there's an effort underway to have energy efficiency considered part of infrastructure. There's also an effort underway to dramatically boost the funding for retrofitting existing buildings and reducing the load. But I don't see any discussion of that except in California perhaps here in Washington. So would you please comment on that? I can certainly comment on that from a technical standpoint, not necessarily from a policy standpoint, but as we start to see sensors deployed across the T&D system that can contain the ability to have intelligence and communications, and all three of us have been talking about how important that T&D power delivery infrastructure is. And with the bidirectional power flow where you have distributed energy resources, central baseload generation, they all have an important role to play. But one thing that the more sophisticated sensors can do, as opposed to aggregating demand response, the way we do today is now we can individually tailor it. So that can achieve more energy efficiency, more customer engagement around that process, more tailored offerings around demand response so that it can actually work on an individual basis, not just an aggregated basis. So what I would add to that is, first of all, the energy efficiency discussion is often on a state-by-state or a wholesale market by wholesale market level. So if you think about the wholesale markets, demand response and energy efficiency are appearing as capacity resources in some cases. In addition, on a state-by-state basis, they have different mechanisms for incenting energy efficiency behaviors. In New York, they're looking at earning adjustment mechanisms where utilities can earn additional ROE basis points associated with energy efficiency activities. In Illinois, they're actually looking at treating energy efficiency as a rate-based asset where the utility can earn. So I think part of what you're seeing is a jurisdictional issue where states have individual opportunities that may not be broader as opposed to a nationwide set of structures that you may see in Europe. Yeah, I agree with your assessment that it would be ideal to have some kind of a federal policy about energy efficiency and conservation and perhaps investments. As Kristen said, that investment opportunity and policy are happening at the state level. So you actually have very different investment levels at the state level. And maybe that's part of tradition also. So policymakers are using the utility, whether it's deregulated utility, that no longer own generation or vertically integrated utilities fully, that also own generation. States are using utility as a channel to deploy energy efficiency. I think it would be ideal to have something more at the national level or at least have some challenge and targets or levels or metric to measure that. I think right now it's more done on the nonprofit basis. There's some competition across states. I live in Massachusetts. I know Massachusetts are always competing with California. And it's disparate across the country. Bob? Historically, our federal system has been a blockage to a lot of the kinds of planning that you're talking about. And the problem we've had historically is that we almost choose electric resources based on price. We finally learned about 30 years ago that electricity was price sensitive. But the issue really is, in my mind, why is this decision now to talk about renewables and talk about a disintegrated system, one that five, 10 years from now, a different pricing mechanism will set in and lower the price for some other kind of energy source, make it up from space hypothetically, and that the whole system changes again in response to whatever changes are new. Space energy, anyone? Well, I can certainly speak to that from the standpoint. I mentioned our prism analysis, which came out in 2007. And essentially, what that revealed is that we need all technologies and all fuels because we don't know the future. And we can't bet on some single source to carry us into the long term future, both for technical reasons, technology advances, as you indicated, Bob. Policy could change. And a whole number of factors can go into that. And so actually, the most cost effective strategy is to make sure we have a whole diverse portfolio of clean energy generation resources available. And that's essentially the mission of EPRI. There's another hand up over there. Yeah, actually, I just want to add to that one thing. I totally agree with what Barbara said. I think you're right. We don't know exactly how the future would look. But we know enough that we actually get a sense of the ranges of future. We might not be able to predict energy from space that NASA is able to capture and commercialize and things like that. We can imagine, but we don't know the cost effectiveness of those things. But what I would say is increasingly clear is that the grid needs to be much more flexible. So the flexibility, the value of flexibility is increasing as we speak. Because we are seeing intermittent resources, we're seeing newer technologies that are trying to compete with existing technologies. And therefore, we don't know what the future looks like. But I think flexibility is a value we don't yet know how to place or use the market to price it. But I do think flexibility on all levels, not just resources, but also grid technologies, control and monitor, all of those abilities will have value in the future. Yes. Hi, Mary Ann with Edison Electric Institute. As we talk and we think about the T&D interface in this new bi-directional world in terms of electricity flows, clearly there's going to need to be some changes in operations. I think that's pretty clear. The question that I've been hearing is, what is the rule for policy as we explore the T&D interface and what should that rule be and what should it look like? That's a pretty big question. That's great. That is a really good question. I'm not sure I know that I have the silver bullet, but I think one thing that's clear, I'll speak from the wholesale perspective. I think the wholesale market perspective have traditionally been just wholesale, sort of, you know, at the transformer, high voltage, we care about that. And we haven't had much visibility and neither did we really care too much. I mean, as long as we know, you know, how much customers are needing at any point in time. So I don't know if this is a policy answer, but I think market designers and markets, implementers and operators are now becoming much more aware of the fact that, wait a minute, lots of distributed energy resources on the distribution system can really increase uncertainty on the grid, on the larger, of higher voltage grid, and we need ability to at least see them, if not control them. And then so there will be some jurisdictional question and speaking of a jurisdictional question, I think that is a, I'll just say, not just policy, but legal question that really needs, I would say quick resolution and I don't know how Jim would be the expert on this. I don't know how that touches the Federal Power Act and who has jurisdiction over what, but I think every time we talk to states about what markets should see and should do and should be able to price, the state immediately raises jurisdictional question and there's a huge tension between that. So from a policy angle, I think that's the space that we have to deal with FERC and state jurisdiction. I think a couple of things. I think that this issue is gonna come to a head fairly quickly thanks to the FERC NOPER at the end of 2016 related to storage where they basically said the wholesale markets need to create a role for aggregators of distributed energy resources. So we're gonna see this begin to play out when we have a quorum probably. So that'll be one area that we'll all be watching to see what happens. The other thing that I would suggest is that assuming that we can figure that out and California would suggest that from a policy perspective they have because they have this mechanism in place today. New York is again moving in this direction with their roadmap. To what degree can we actually leverage the wholesale markets for aggregation to make DERs more, give them more access to a true market mechanism? So there are, and this again goes back to state policy, not federal policy. There are moves afoot across the country that say a distribution level market is the right answer. From a policy perspective, an alternative is leverage to the degree you can the wholesale market. Assuming that these issues can get sorted out which I'm actually confident they will be and then look at additional mechanisms that can create liquidity if it's needed at the distribution level. So as Marianne knows, EPRI does not do policy, but we do. But we do, we are an R&D institute that tries to support policy makers. And to that point, the integrated grid analysis that I mentioned was actually conceived by a state public utility commissioner who came to us and said, I am having to make very difficult decisions in my state around how to value the distributed energy resources that are being deployed within my jurisdiction. And I don't know how to do that. I hear very violent arguments on one side and very passionate arguments on the other. And I don't know how to accurately, defensively calculate what that value should be of those assets. And he said, EPRI, this seems like something you could do. And so that's exactly what we did with that integrated grid analysis, which is to set up a benefit cost framework that is transparent and repeatable that anyone can use in whatever state or federal jurisdiction to figure out what is the value of the central base load generation that is pre-existing? What is the value and what is the investment needed in the transmission and distribution system to enhance that resource, as well as what is the value of the retail energy that the customer is potentially generating and would like to potentially sell back into the grid and therefore needs that infrastructure in place? That's great. There are, of course, some complications. If you're talking about integrated energy systems, and EPRI is right on on this, but if you look at, and the natural gas system, natural gas pipeline system, share some of the same problems that the electric transmission system does in terms of its age. And, but it's different. It's not planned regionally. It's certainly only subject, arguably, to FERC jurisdiction, unlike transmission. I think there's a policy question in there somewhere, but how do we address those kinds of barriers to integrating all these energy systems under your thesis? So I would say the best way to address those barriers is to try and get this information disseminated as broadly and widely as possible. As we all know, there's certainly a lack of interest and, which shall I say, engagement right now. I mentioned the customer engagement being 5% right now and with the potential for 95% growth. That's huge, but that is only gonna be well done if they're well informed. And so I think what we need to do is, to your point is, of course, policymaking around this is important, but also consumer education is gonna be critical. Other questions? We'll take another two questions. Yes, sir. Mark Brive-Vogel, I'm with on log of distributed generation. I'm half investor and half garage mechanic, trying to teach Bill Gates how to make money. I make distributed generation equipment. Question I was gonna put to the congressman, but it's equally applicable here. Last Wednesday night, I was at the Atlantic Council. I went to a conference called A New Era for Infrastructure. I had some bankers there and this gentleman, Bob Amadeo was from a company called Western Asset. And he made the statement that we can't build infrastructure because there's too much cheap money out there. My eyebrows rose quite a bit. And he said he didn't want federal involvement and one point he was making was that municipal finance is much less costly than federal finance. So maybe someone would wanna comment on that. After the 2008 banking crisis, again, this is on my investor side, I went to a lot of conferences around here, met a gentleman who said that some congressman called him up, said here's $900 billion, established the TARP office and have it open by Thursday and get that money out. That's for real. But people then were saying there are no good investments. I'm talking about the whole global United States economy.  You say there's no good infrastructure investments. It's not what I'm hearing on the front page of the Washington Post. He said there's been nothing but disasters. How can this be? And I don't know what has happened with Harrisburg but they've built a big trash to electric plant. I don't know, four or five years ago they were talking about bankruptcy and maybe they went ahead and filed. I don't know. At one point, the Pennsylvania term pike was up for sale and I think the Italians were looking at buying it. Something people would have a better feel for is the Aureville dam. If this gentleman wanted to lend me $2 billion at zero interest, I think I might go buy that. I think that might be a good investment. But the point there is, what he said later, there's no coupling of risk with reward and that's really the question I want to put to you. Aureville could have spent two million bucks and fixed their spillway and they put it off and they put it off and you can imagine how that happened out of California funds. He who screams the loudest and most effectively gets their dam maintained but they didn't do it. If it's privately owned, they have a big incentive to fix it. Having said that, my father-in-law is in the oil business and there are abandoned oil wells all over and that costs the state a lot of money.  But you all also mentioned Barbara, the value of a plant and I heard you earlier, you were saying we should all realize the great value to the economy of the backbone power plants but you're also saying what is the value of the price? So I can do a financial projection and that is the big crisis of this business, isn't it? What is anything worth in dollar and cents? So having said that, maybe you can talk about the reward versus risk, is that the problem with investment, is this gentleman wrong that this 300 billion is sitting out there and no one wants it because they don't know how to invest properly. Thank you. Who wants to take that? For the question, since you mentioned Epri's work, I'll start but I bet my fellow panelists will have some comments as well. So when we're looking at this in the framework of the integrated grid, we're talking about existing assets and the reliability, the backup reliability that they provide with intermittent resources and the fact that they already are assets in the ground they therefore do have derivative value that should not be stranded. So that is essentially, but having said that, the idea is not to diminish the value of the DER as well because that also has value and that is also growing and we want to, again, being completely fuel agnostic, we want to encourage all fuels to be able to come forward and fulfill their potential. So essentially that is the risk reward that we're looking at. I would suggest that from an investment perspective, Judy showed a graphic of all of the merchant and other transmission projects that are on the books today, ideally being built in some phase of planning or development. The challenge is not, in my opinion, that there is not money to be spent and people interested in investing is that these assets often have up to 20 years before they're in the ground because the siting and planning is so difficult through multiple jurisdictions. So I don't think it's a lack of interest in the sector. I think one of the challenges of ROE's decreasing is that people may be less willing to take that risk, but as suggested by that graphic, there is plenty of development and interest. Yes, I want to echo that. I think particularly right now there are a lot of uncertainties about large-scale generation. So I do see a slowing down, aside from renewable generation, sort of a nervousness about investments in large-scale, utility-scale generation. On the transmission, though, I can't tell you, I think I would get a call at least once a week with investors looking for investments. I mean, we're not an investment firm and we're not ones to put projects together, per se, but I don't see lack of money globally on transmission infrastructure investment. I think the challenge is not the money, at least my perspective and what I view of the industry for transmission. I don't think it's lack of money. I think where it's challenging is regulatory processes and maybe even planning processes. And we talked a lot about that over the last few wires paper. We don't yet know how to put the right value so that we get the regulatory approval across large infrastructure, particularly if you're crossing jurisdictions. We don't know how to communicate that to state regulators that say, yes, my customer should pay for this because this has insurance value, it has grid value, it protects our customers from future high rises in costs. We don't yet know how to do that and I think planners and regulators have a bit of work to do before we get there. I don't think it's lack of money on transmission side. I think there is great interest from international investors across many continents to invest in the US on transmission. So you're agreeing with that there's certainly enough maybe too much money but there are no quality projects and the quality of the products don't exist because we don't have enough accountants to regulators to be able to price these things accurately to know whether in fact they are good investors. I think investors are looking for projects. More or less, I agree with you. I think investors are looking for projects that will yield a reasonable return and to yield a reasonable return we're talking about putting in some kind of a customer bill. Let's be honest about it. Somebody has to commit to pay for this and we don't yet have certainty about how to get that done on the large cross region infrastructure. I mean, Jim, would you agree to my characterization? Do you have something to? Yeah, I agree that we need to move on but I have to say that the risks and uncertainties that we have to deal with in this area are uncertainties we can deal with. We can deal with them with good policy and deal with them with changes in the law. It's not the mysteries of the economic market. I mean, the money is there at least under current circumstances. And I think when you, Judy and your report talked about anticipatory planning, part of that is let's get moving on transmission development and take advantage of this current monetary situation or financial situation so that we can save consumers money down the road when these assets are producing value in 2030 and 2040 in 2050 and that's an important message. I'm glad you brought it up. I think we're gonna have to move on to the next panel but please join me in thanking this group.