To make the best use of our time, I will not introduce all of you, I will introduce you in the first question, okay? But we have seven people from seven different companies that will help us to understand how can technology help business to take advantage in these difficult times that we are living. Let me begin with Laura de Marcos, who works for Fujitsu. It's quite obvious that we are living very difficult times. We are living thought times that even sometimes difficult to understand the things we are doing, we are living, we are participating in. Laura, from Fujitsu, from your thought, what's your opinion on how can technology help us in managing this complexity, managing this changing environment that we are living in? Laura, I think you should open the microphone. No, my wonderful production team is telling me that there's some problem with the microphone. Now it's working. Let's go Laura. No, we don't hear you. We'll go back to you because there's some problem with the sound. I'll ask a quite similar question to Jim Weber. He works for Neo4j. I don't know if I pronounce the name of your company quite well. Hi, Jim, how are you doing? Hello, I mean, I guess in... At least your microphone is open, so we'll grab you in a while. You do hear me? Yeah, yeah, I hear you. Jim, could you explain us how in your opinion is technology helping us?  I would say that we have, in one case, perfected video conferencing, but it's clear that with Laura's situation, technology is failing us terribly in being able to even communicate over these difficulties. Definitely, definitely. So I think there's, in my mind, over the last year or so in this kind of terrible year that we've had, I've seen kind of two emergent streams. One, represented by the likes of Google and the big web companies who have been able to capitalize on existing incredible investments in technology and incredible technology leadership positions to consolidate their own businesses. We've seen the likes of Amazon and Google and so on just absolutely cruising through this last year as if it's not happening. Despite the fact, they themselves would no doubt have had tremendous business disruption. They just seem to sail through it.  What I see there is a kind of huge dash for digital. In those businesses that are regular brick and mortar retailers with web presence and so on, those healthcare systems that are trying to keep us safe through this pandemic, they've had this huge dash for digital where they're trying to kind of mimic some of the practices that the large web properties have done, both in terms of data and what they're using their data for so that they can perhaps become more robust in the face of these very unprecedented challenging circumstances. So those are the kind of streams that I see in the larger companies. For smaller companies like me, I work for Neo4j or Neo4jata, as we seem to be known in Spain. As a small company, a small technology company, we've seen our fortunes fare reasonably well, but mostly propelled, I think, by this dash for digital. As businesses have had to upscale because of the pandemic and related economic consequences, we see people look for innovative digital tools to bring to bear quickly so they can try and shore up their defences against rather a hostile business environment. I don't know if, Alicia, I called you louder, so maybe this is the problem that the microphone didn't work because I didn't use your name properly. Alicia, how are you doing? Is your microphone working now? You're telling me. Now we can hear you. Perfect. Thank you. Alicia, in your... Yeah, maybe that was the problem. My name is Alivia. Yeah, for sure. Too many guests. And of course, my memory is not that good any longer, but I'll do my best. So sorry, Alicia. Alicia, tell us, in your opinion, in Fujitsu's opinion, how can technology help us, help our business, help companies to manage this complexity or these, let's say, strange times we are living in? Oh well, certainly everyone knows that the economy is becoming more digital and eventually people needed to work in different ways and consumers were going to buy in different ways. But the problem is that suddenly we have this window where just happening everything very quickly and it's more apparent and still unclear how much things are going to return to the way they are or have that and pivot to something new. Most of the industries were digitizing products before the pandemic, digitizing written material, documentation, music, videos, but most of the digital people were kind of in marketing, right? The core operation weren't really being touched. There was no digital adoption within the core operations and we think that coronavirus crisis is just accelerating this, the core operation digital transformation. The digital moving into business models. So what we got now is digital-enabled businesses that are doing things and performing better, less expensively and faster. And we also see now how as digital moves into business models, you got the C-level attention. So in my opinion, in Fujitsu's opinion, when you think about what life is going to be after the coronavirus, I don't think we are going back. Digital is certainly not going to be in retreat and we are not going to do things like the old way, analog way. Having said that, contrary to popular belief, digital transformation, we believe it's less about technology and more about people. So in our opinion, companies will not confront technologies problems but a growing talent problem, one that has the potential to become a static bottleneck in this horizon you ask us about. So I think we all agree that this analogic bias has accelerated this digital transformation of our companies of course, but of our lives too. I'd like to ask José Ruiz from Paradigma, your opinion on this. Paradigma has been working in data, has been working in digital transformation, but from this more data approach, I'd like to know your opinion. How the tools you have been using in the last years can help companies to understand things that are going on in this complex environment? Okay, so thank you Jaime. So here at Paradigma for 15 years we have helped those clients that are many of the most important companies here in Spain to be able to compete in a whole new world, in a world with digital giants in a very short time have aggressively competed with every company in every kind of sector. So for us, taking advantage of technology is nothing new, it's a matter of survival for our clients and this was true even before the pandemic, but this is even more of use now. So we plan on keeping helping our clients to boost their digital transformation plans and we want also to help them be more agile in their decision-making processes because they can no longer rely on past experiences because the global context is changing very rapidly and they have to be very quick testing new ideas, new products, shifting tactics according to results because the world is different. And we are also very excited in fact about the dramatic push that this crisis has done over the possibility to work in remote, that is something that has already commented. Right now it's no longer a possibility, it's a fact and in Paradigma we have been pushing remote work for years but to be honest it was not easy to have this accepted by our clients and these months we have been able to prove to them that we can work as effectively in full remote model as in person. So this opens the doors in order to bring to our teams the best professionals not only Madrid but in Spain and even in the world and it also helps our clients, those who are not physically in here. So we are so excited about how good this is going that we feel sure that the on-premise work will be something that will be a thing of the past even after the pandemic and this is a great thing for us and for our clients. So this for example is a great example of a crisis turning to an opportunity for our clients. I think it's clear that technology is playing a role in this crisis in this moment where we are living but I think it's interesting time to understand the role it will play in this new normal, in this perhaps better normal that we want to build. Ignacio Cabrera works in IBM, I would like to know in your opinion, Ignacio which is the role that the technology will play not only now but in this new normal, better normal, this future after coronavirus. What do you think, which is a role that tech is playing in this after virus work? Well, we are speaking about now one thing important to say. I think we have a problem with your microphone. It's open now so I will try to... Yeah, it's perfect now. Okay, perfect. So if we are speaking about now one thing important to say is that customers need value from the technology they have today and it's important for IBM to provide this value in this environment of multi-cloud, multi-provider, even hybrid cloud if we consider private clouds that are in place in customer nowadays. So IBM strategy around hybrid cloud and providing our data and AI capabilities anywhere is key to help customers obtain value from the technology ecosystem as is without asking them to change everything overnight. Having said that, it's important to say also that the digital transformation journey my peers said the same, it has been advancing for certain years now and this crisis has just dramatically accelerated it. Companies advanced in their digitalization and automation of processes and customer engagement already had an advantage over companies still not in this journey. So this advantage has increased during this context but once the situation returns back to normal the differentiation provided from the digital transformation will remain. There's no coming back once you successfully modernize your company because this will be one of the key competitive advantages you will have. Ignacio, Guy, how are you doing? Guy Cologne is the CTO of Incubation in Red Labs. How are you doing, Guy? Do you have the microphone open? Could you open it? Yeah. I hope it. Ah, yeah, yeah, yeah. We're going to hit you now. We're going to hit you now. It's amazing because the farther you are the better sound you have. So it's an amazing thing in this tech world that we are living. Guy, quite similar the question in your opinion and how do you see this role that technology will play not only in managing this complexity now but in building this new future, this new normal, this after virus world that we want to make. In your opinion, how is technology evolving with this situation we are living from these given answers to the crisis to these new opportunities after the virus? So what we see is that the process will just enhance. People expect it to happen in the corona time, right? But we see that even after the corona time it will just enhance itself. There's no turning back. The digital transformation is there and the eye is all over and everyone are now expecting to get better experience, personalized experience, instance experience. Everything has to be faster and instant. Like we see it in BI, right? People used to get in their business because they were used to run it locally or they used to manage it by their own. I don't know, nightly processes. And now they're expecting to get inputs or predictions in a minute. They click a button, they want to see what happens. They want to predict. Even in the most obvious place that is related to corona, right? The hospitals. Despite the fact that everyone were talking about healthcare before, once the corona hit these hospitals, everything enhanced. And now they expect to get these numbers, which they used to get like in days or even in months, they expect to get them in real time. Everything became more instant. And with that, the only way they can achieve it is by moving most of their business to the cloud, even traditional markets like banking or security. You see that they're moving to the cloud and trying to reduce their latency and giving more instance experience to everything. So we expect it to just continue. There is no turning back. Nobody will go back to something slower. Nobody will accept anymore waiting for hours for results. They all expect to get everything now in real time, as they used to get in this strange timing of corona when they're doing everything from home. But because they are doing everything from home, they had to get everything digitally and everything had to be renewed. So everything like enhanced and they all experienced change and they would expect to get it from now on into the future. Thank you. Pablo Carlier works in Google. Google has been present in the first presentation because Paco Nassan talked about Google. Jim, in the introduction five minutes ago, talked about Google. So everybody's talking about Google. Now it's time for Google to talk. So share with us your vision, not only in the answer that the knowledge is given now, but in this vision of how it could be the wall after this situation we are going through. I think your sound is working. Pablo, we don't have the sound. Your microphone is open because we can't hear you. Okay, okay, okay. The production team is telling that, okay, we'll be back, we'll be back to the connection. Real-time stuff, real-time stuff. So let's go to our last guest, but last but not least, from De Nodo, Jaume Brunet. Jaume, how are you doing? Fine, thanks. I hope that you can hear me. Yes, your sound is very, very good. Where are you? Are you here in Madrid or...? No, I'm in the Costa Brava. I'm in front of the sea in Planets. Much, much better, much better because De Nodo is a company from Galicia. I love Galicia. Yes. So it's a wonderful place. But you are Galicia's great. Costa Brava is not bad. So you are in an amazing place. So tell us from there in Costa Brava some specific samples, how De Nodo, how your company, how you are working with customers in these terrific times to take advantage, to make value with technology. From the procedural point of view, I have to agree with some of my colleagues previously has shared with us. But just commenting a point that I think that it is interesting. Most of the tools that we have already been using during this pandemic with this remote place of work and this remote connection to the sites to develop our job, most of the tools we are already using with customers already exist before the pandemic. It is just a point of decision and go ahead and turn the need into something that we can use. So we decided to use it because we have no option. But most of the tools we already have. So having said that, what is important is to put on the hands of our customers the technology enough to develop what they need to do. For example, in De Nodo, what we have been done from the sales perspective is executing like my colleague from Paradigma has just commented everything in remote and we are able to do it with the tools we already use. From the approach in the commercial side, let me say from De Nodo, what we agree with most of the customers is just to reduce the impact they have been suffering from the pandemic. De Nodo provides our customers about agility and this is one of the most needed features. So the possibility to go multi-cloud and to connect multi-cloud accessing a single point or the possibility to create a feature store in a virtual way, connecting several data repositories to execute artificial intelligence algorithms or deep landing harmonies or any other kind of analytics. So what we try to provide to our customers is just focusing on what we need and trying to help the companies to execute in a proper way. Most of the tools we already have been using are already in our hands and we just need the force and the opportunity and the project to execute. So this is what we have been doing in the last eight months of the pandemic. I think Pablo's sound is now a little bit better. Pablo, can you pick up? Hopefully. Okay. Is it okay now? That's great, that's great. So you're done. From the Google perspective, from your perspective, how is technology helping to respond and how will help to build the next? So I've heard many messages from Alithia, from Jose, from Jalma that actually resonate very much to what we're experiencing at Google right now because it's a very, very weird environment. Everyone is pivoting into uncharted territory with this crisis. No one is prepared for this world and user priorities have been shifting for the past months and the last year's playbook is no longer good. So every organization is trying to reshape their strategy as we go. Now, the ability to scale up or down some investments to realign the resources that everyone has in their organizations to understand what are the new needs of their users or customers. They're gonna be super important and that's where we believe that's where the critical role of technology lies in understanding that context of what the end user needs, what our processes need, how can we rebalance the priorities of what we had learned for the past 20 years and now we need to shift in 20 weeks into a new world. How can we bring here some new superpowers that can allow these organizations to align to this new reality and we believe that technology has a way more helpful through data. So in a way there's the ability to provide intelligence from data that's gonna be very helpful to create these new experiences that's gonna help these companies remain relevant for their users. Alitha said it very well, like digital marketing has been leading this technology transition, but what about IT? What about OT? We think that through more useful and assistive technology, both for the internal users and companies and also for their users, for their front-end and for their back-office, we think that we are gonna be able to provide these new experiences that are gonna help these customers. Now, these technologies need to minimize overhead. They need to maximize the resources that we have. They need to help us do more with less and also do more with less from home, which is actually like a triple challenge, right? We are serving like 30 times more video than we were used to in video conferences in January. We have over 3 billion minutes of video conferences every day serving from Google right now. So we know that traditional customer experience channels are under very much stress. There are solutions that can help companies right now understand their context of their users, understand how to map that with their internal processes and how they used to work and provide a better way of engaging with customers with city sense in the case of administrations, with their end users and with other companies as a partner to create these new solutions, these new technologies and also these new business processes and models that probably we have not discovered yet, but what we will be discovering in the near future, how to manage with this new situation. The key is to provide the organizations with the right age to take decisions quickly and to orient those resources to be able to be first in market. So thanks. You were commenting. So the user behavior has changed dramatically. You are having much more videos than ever. I think most of the companies are feeling these changes. But the thing is that companies that were prepared that have invested in technology are now much more in front of the rest. So the return on investment of the technology has been like enormous. In Ezio, from your experience in IBM do you think the users, the companies have this feeling that this moment has given reason to those companies that had invested previously in technology? Is this a change in mindset that gives the reason to these people that invested in the right moment? As I mentioned in my question, I think digital transformation is a no. So this provides a clear advantage in terms of normality, but the advantages turn dramatic in a crisis context to the extra constraint on resources and the spatial limitation in our customer interactions. All companies already prepared to establish a digital rich relation with their customers and with internal clear and digital processes have a huge advantage over companies that are forced to run that transformation within weeks in a context of crisis. Those companies being betting for digital transformation and technology in the past have at the same time been involved in a cultural change. More flexible organizations, with different and rich skill sets, information shared across the whole company, the cultural changes in companies are slow, so all organizations with this new culture already established will surely adapt much better to any changes. Also, these companies have not only invested in technology, AI analytics, but also in new skills which was mentioned before. Now those skills are more needed than ever and will be more difficult to get with the increased demand over them. But the skills will need a technology base to get the most of their value which is what we are aiming to provide in IBM. An important message for all of you, please open your microphones. The production team will close it if necessary, but keep your microphones open. I'm watching, there's like two of you that have closed the microphone. I'll go back to Paradigma because you have been explaining as previously, your experience, the company has been for more than 10 years working with customers. Do you think that these customers have this feeling that the investment they made in technology have prepared better for this situation we are living in? Do you think that this will change the mindset that will be easier investing in technology convicing the business people, the financial people that investing in technology has a return? I'm sure, I'm sure. I think most of the companies that didn't believe in technology have had a reality shock. I think it's pretty obvious that COVID has hit hardest the companies that rely on pure physical business models. We see, for example, in the textile industry sector how companies like Primark with no e-commerce, no investment almost in technology are struggling whereas others like Inditex in the same sector are writing the way much better. Of course, they have an impact but they are better prepared. Why? Because technology helps companies in this crisis context a lot in multiple ways. The main one, of course, is the ability to shift from physical business to digital business with everything that that implies, which is not only the ability to sale, to reach the end customer, but also to move all back office processes that are really the base of the iceberg that also need to be efficiently run from a digital context. We are not talking only about physical things but about time things. This is something that was discussed before. Processes that can afford to take weeks before being digital have now to be run in seconds or minutes. This is one of the most important challenges that we are seeing. Also, technology helps them to run their companies with a full remote model. This is something that has also been discussed and is very, very helpful in this situation. It also helps them to make good decisions because COVID has brought uncertainty. There are a lot of things that cannot be run as they were before because the supply chain has changed, the workforce has changed, the economic situation has changed. We do not rely anymore in empiric models but in data, in artificial intelligence. That shift to AI in day-to-day management and operation decision-making will have a competitive edge against that who don't. In summary, I think that one of the effects of the current crisis is that most companies are learning fast that technology and digital transformation are key for their survival. Many of them are dramatically accelerating these digital transformation plans. The challenge is how to accelerate fast but without having an accident. This is a big challenge because most of them start from a pretty hard scenario from an operational status in which the ecosystem is so heavy that changing it from one day to another is impossible even from one year to another. We will talk next Wednesday about real-time digital platforms and how we can address this challenge which is used. I think this is an interesting message that we are going faster than ever and we need to learn how to deal with this velocity that many times is not that easy. Alicia, going back to you, because you were introducing the role that technology was playing previously. You were talking about digitalization, about digital transformation about people and about culture but I'd like to know how this culture should change for this neuromality because probably digital transformation will not ever be the same thing. Now it's a different thing. Which is the role that you think that digital transformation, that technology will play in this new world we are trying to build? Well, it's more or less what I told you before. It's not just about technology it's also about talent and what is true is the industry that have invested the most in this digitization are not only the ones that are very facing this crisis but also the ones that are more the ones that more strain will emerge from this crisis. We are sure that many sectors will be transferred but others will disappear and technology and talent will play a principal role in every industry that survived. What do we have to do to ensure that we exist tomorrow is a fundamental question that is bringing the issue of operation and transformation to the top of the world's agenda of every company of all sizes and sectors and in my opinion the acceleration of the cooperation and the transformation is being the common effect in all industries and regions. The event is focused The event is focused in digital betting artificial intelligence I'd like to know I'd like to focus this last part of the panel in this kind of technologies in this kind of projects, in this kind of initiatives So Pablo, could you share with us some specific projects, some specific things that are going on in this artificial intelligence arena that makes sense in this environment we are living Sure, sure I was talking before about the fact that we think that this transition to technology must be more assistive and for that we think that the role that data analysis especially AI is going to play is going to be very, very important because it's going to first enable companies to simplify that data and extract insights from it and empower data scientists to do more with less but also better serve traditional users from the companies that are not necessarily specialists but for example we were talking about how the interaction with users is changing now contact center assistive technologies are going to transform the way that we engage with the companies we work with or the companies that serve us every day that's going to transform the interfaces that we use for this only canality that we are having the approach to customer care and chatbots and artificial intelligence are powering these interactions more and more and second, some of these digital processes that some industries are having to rush through right now are going to be assisted by things like document understanding and document AI we are building very much vertical tailored solutions to healthcare to banking, FSI to understand how to accelerate those processes internally by understanding documents extracting information from that corpus of that domain knowledge for those verticals and now applying it to simple to use tools that can be leveraged as other people have said with the technology you have right now but plugging in these new capabilities to that technology to enhance the way you're working and now there are some other technologies that are related to AI like AutoML for example that will allow non-technical users to amplify what they are building inside their organizations with machine learning and this is the ability to create models out of the blue with a couple clicks if you have the data that's relevant to your problem to your domain and you need machine learning to help you do better decision making technologies like AutoML powered with specific technology like our tensor processing units which is specialized circuits designed to make it cheaper and faster to run these models can basically allow you to take your data click two or three times and then get a model trained on your data leveraging the bleeding edge technology from a company like Google on solving your problem this is going to democratize tremendously the access to these tools and as Celica was saying this is exactly what we're needing because we need to transform the culture of organizations and this new reality and new normality is going to demand autonomous decision making from every unit in the companies now those more familiar with their domain and with their problems will now have autonomy to use technology applied to their data and their problem and be faster to market with solutions that will help them align better their strategy to the challenges they're facing right now Celica, thank you Jim, now for you you are working in several aspects too could you share with us some of these specific cases Celica, I'm thrilled by the idea of graphs and machine learning if I look at the stuff the kind of leading edge stuff as of Google for example a really good example the kind of merge of graphs and learning I think is technically very very interesting not just the kind of neural network stuff but things like graph embeddings to create rich models that you're going to feed into the tensor processing pipeline and so on and actually at some level I'm really confident that the technology companies can do amazing things with data, with hardware and with clever software what I'm more interested in and perhaps slightly concerned about is that it feels like AI is a gold rush moment but a whole bunch of people piling into this field who are perhaps new to the field and they are enabled, democratization was the word we used, we're able to get our hands on some very sophisticated technology without really understanding it now the IBM intro we saw talked a little bit about provenance knowing why a model has made a particular decision but that's often a very far cry from the user experience knowing why my welfare payments have been stopped as a poor user phoning a call center knowing why a diagnosis has been changed because some model created some function that doesn't fit me all of these things are actually bigger challenges I think to get AI accepted by the vast majority of the population I think this community, the people listening, the people on the panel we're actually quite a small bubble of people who slightly understand the technology understand its benefits and its limitations I think there's a real danger that we'll be in a kind of wild west of data and algorithms whereby we deploy this stuff and it causes active harm because it's immature when it's deployed to end users so I think I'd like to see the phenomenal outpouring of good technology that's happening but I'd also quite like to see that tempered with some ethics and some understanding so that we know that this stuff is being used for the public good and it isn't for example being used for nefarious purposes and indeed being used accidentally for malignant purposes I think that's a greater challenge for us because as technologists we can see the potential in being able to do this kind of processing but I think sometimes we need to stop and think how do we do this without harm and perhaps like the medics have we need some kind of guiding principle to help us decide that we'll talk a lot tomorrow about ethics we have a panel about ethics tomorrow that before we continue with the bubble that Jim was telling a guy in your experience in red slabs talk share with us tell us this is specific cases this is specific customer stories you are working in using artificial intelligence for giving business answers to this situation we are living as mentioned before AI is all over everyone wants to deploy AI now everyone wants to incorporate AI in their solutions and I think what this pandemic brought to the table or forced everyone to do at least is to move online and the first industry that had to completely move online was the e-commerce it was already there but we still saw a lot of brick and mortar store and many even big chains tried to avoid it or put it as a side business but now that everyone are moving online and that's becoming their main business so they need to provide similar experience or good experience as they used to provide like personalized experience as they used to provide in their physical store so obviously you see personalization everyone wants to do personalization they want to do recommendation they want to try to make their online experience more personalized and give better adopted experience something that maybe only the big e-commerce used to do before like Amazon or Alibaba and now everyone need to do it even the small one so they need as Google mentioned you need to democratize it so everyone need to be able to do it everyone need to be able to incorporate personalized experience but once you are doing online and most of your business is online so most of your customer service is now online so you need again to provide top notch customer service with chatbot and stuff like that so again you need to incorporate AI it needs to be an instance experience you need to be top level you cannot provide something that is not at the level that the big guys are providing and last once even if you are a single store online you need to provide an efficient business otherwise this all move this all digital experience the digital transformation will not be efficient for you you will lose money and you see many business that being forced to quickly move online are losing money so they need to improve their business need to improve their logistics and without incorporating AI and BI and predictability to their logistics they are not going to make money so I guess this is the the most common use case that we see today so thank you we will finish in Costa Brava because I can't find any better place to finish show Yama tell us your experience in Enodo with a specific example the things you are working with your customers for giving business answers to this situation first a bit comment about why my colleagues has appointed from Google to the rest of the panelist artificial intelligence or deep learning is all about data there are nothing to do without data so what we have to provide is to the ones that are able to deploy those algorithms, those training models or capabilities to deploy these technologies is the proper access to data we cannot lose let me say 50% of our time preparing the data instead of working on the proper algorithms to develop the artificial intelligence or deep learning or any technology on top of these data so that axis is what Enodo provides so here is when we can provide a simple access to several different spread platforms, considering all the data in a single point and simplifying the access and the usage for the algorithms regarding our projects and also related to an example similar like this one from a customer that was using initially Enodo just to join several sources in a single access at the beginning of the pandemic this project was executing in a normal way and the customer decides because the pandemic to stop it after a couple of weeks reshaping the situation what they decide to do is thanks to the virtualization layer move instead of a single repository several ones unified by the the data access layer that brings to this company a huge amount of savings in money because they reduce the instant data capability that they have built in turn in a big data warehouse and then increase via cloud movement a more reliable maybe not as fast as responsive for the sum of the data but as they are working in a different situation and they are working with limited resources they were able to deploy a different strategy without impacting their user so at the end this is all related to agility so the possibility from the data consumption perspective to have the ability to deploy in different physical scenarios in a multi-cloud environment maybe and to be able to resize according to a big changes on the business as we received in this in this pandemic so thank you Yama thank you the 7 our 7 guests for being here and quite complicated times and a quite complicated panel because there's a lot of people in many different places so thank you all


there today? Definitely having fun. Glad to get into him. I want to thank God for the opportunity. Thank my coach for just believing in me, trusting me to go out there and play. I want to thank everybody in this organization. You had some gaping holes to run through that had to feel good. Say it again? Yes. Big opportunities to make plays that had to feel good. Yeah, that definitely had to feel good trying to get back into it. You know, the O-line was out there blocking really good. Just gave me some holds and got through them. Receive was on the edge, kind of blocking. So, just made everything kind of fell together. Just came short on the win. Those little dumps to you out of the backfield seem to be pretty effective too. Was that kind of what you guys were planning going in? It was just protecting and trying to be out there for the quarterback. You know, invest in those small downs and just try to be there if you need me. And it seemed like you needed me. So, came out, worked out good. I know the mantra is next man up when you lose, A-J, that means you lose, mark us that early. I mean, how tough is it? Like you said, it's the next man up. You know, we all got a job to do when we get here. They don't expect no, the standards is the same. You know, they'll come in, be ready to prepare and be ready to play. They do anything defensively that it seems like the offense is just kind of stuck in the mud after a couple of big plays where they're doing anything differently. It just came out play hard. Good defensive. You want to minus the record that they have. They definitely are good players over there. And we just got to put together as often. Obviously, it's all for a trip next week in England. Hopefully, you guys have to flush this and get ready for the Patriots. We on to the next one. You know, this is the past game. That's how we're looking at it. It's in the back. I'm on to the next game, next personal plan.


I'm Sanjay, I work for Intel and this is Andrea's works for Consensors. So today we are going to share some of the work that we have been doing in the space of like, you know, how we can apply trusted compute for the good of Ethereum as an option. So the talk today is like, you know, two parts. One is generally talking about how we are viewing this trusted compute to play in the space and then Andrea's will drive completed with a concrete example of something that we are doing and then tomorrow there's a breakout session that will go into a whole bunch of more applications in this space. So with that I'll get started. So there are like lots of definitions of when it comes to trusted compute. So I thought that would start off with, you know, having a level set of what it means, right? Typically when I talk about trusted compute I say that, hey, it's a place on your PC or on your server where software can execute without any external interference. So to drive the point home, so think of the box in the big box in the middle is your PC or your server. It has two parts to it, the trusted and untrusted part and the blue is the trusted part or the trusted compute and inside there you can run your code and or you can have your secrets like keys and any sense to data.  So it gives you that isolation on an off-the-shelf platforms. And the other side of it is like, you know, the final point there is that whatever it does it gives you an attestation to what happened so that like anybody can verify that the result really did happen inside the trusted compute and these instructions did actually get executed. So I work for Intel and Intel's one of the popular trusted computes out there is Intel SGX and more than happy to talk about it in general. But today we will talk in generally in terms of trusted compute and then there are these other variants of trusted compute based on ZK proofs and MPC. Those are also there that can be used to apply to the concepts that we're going to be talking here. So the first thing we were saying is like, you know, hey, how can trusted compute play in this space? And there are lots of questions and you guys probably seen this picture. And what we're asking is like, you know, hey, how can, you know, if we add trusted compute to this world, right now the problem is like you can get two of the three, not all three. So can we basically do something with trusted compute so that we can, you know, make it possible to achieve all three so that we have scalability, we have decentralization and we have the security. So let's talk about each of these things briefly and then see how that goes. So first of all, like the security is plainly is like transactions per second or seconds per transaction. We believe that, you know, given the, you know, the way these trusted computes work in terms of you have the integrity of the execution and things like that, you can combine it with constructs like, you know, plasma chains and side chains and you can achieve a lot of scalability in that space. And there has been work in the space have done and some of that will be talked about in the breakout tomorrow. The other side of the thing is that the security is there are two ways to look at the security. One is security of your consensus and things like that. And one is the security of around it, you know, transaction ordering and things like that. So again, going to the property that you have, you can trust like, hey, if I asked this trusted compute to do one plus one, it did do one plus one. So based on that, we are doing some work. And that's work that Andreas will talk about in a little bit. And finally, the decentralization, right? There's a lot of this conversation is like, if you rely on trusted compute, you let go of decentralization. And this is something that we would like to have a conversation around. Because if you take trusted compute, the way I viewed decentralization, the way I have, you know, read it in various articles, like on charging and things like that, it's about, you know, two properties like censorship resistance and permissioning. And we look at trusted compute. It doesn't have either of these properties. Anybody can, you can, my PC has this trusted compute, all of your PCs have it and you are free to run it. So there is no that you need to have a special hardware from somewhere to do these kinds of things. And then you can and you can run it. So initially, yes, there were some controls in terms of like, you know, who all gets to run software in this space and things like that. And what at least for Intel, we have worked to, you know, actually remove all of those controls in terms of like, we are no longer going to be in the middle of like, who gets to execute and who gets to attest and things like that. So we have, you know, worked to be in last one year since you know, ease out all of that stuff. But but there is this thing like, like anything in the space, as we go further, as we go new use it in newer spaces, there's always that, you know, hey, things can get hacked, which is which we view is no different than a particular hashing algorithm getting hacked, as long as we there's a commitment to basically fix it. And then there is this notion that who or is the provider of this trusted compute has done the due diligence on is willing to do continued due diligence to make sure that it is, you know, delivering on its promises. So in general, we believe that, you know, it tested compute if it used in a particular, you know, ways can be a very helpful tool in addressing and easing this trialima problem that that we haven't blocked in can just help it to, you know, get deployed very easily in some cases.  So you have a trusted compute, it can be in a PC or in a server, you have some function that you can basically, you know, deploy to it. And that that typically we call an enclave. And that function can be anything. It could be matching a fingerprint data against template or finding a particular pattern and something. It can be anything. The idea is that you can, you know, you can be sure that particular sets of instructions were executed, and that your data that whatever you gave it was handled confidentiality. And then there can be any requester who can provide two things. One is the data on which they would like to operate, have that algorithm operate upon. And plus you can also provide your own identity that the enclave or the function will check before even executing your request. And then end result of this, all of this process is like you have data, you have algorithm all executing inside this container and secure container. And you come, output is this attested result that anybody can basically validate. It can be the requester or it can be somebody else who you're targeting that. And finally, if you're running this trusted compute in the context of a PC, you do have this human secured what we call protected transaction display. And that's basically is that before the transaction is completed, you can prompt a user for some kind of a pin or something like that so that you have user has all the control at the end of the day what happened. So you can build that in. And tomorrow, during breakout, Ledger who have built a wallet on top of SGX will talk about some of this. So in general, what we believe is like if you step up from all of this, this thing enables this notion that I can prove that something I did or I did not. And I can be kind of sure that the data that I gave it to you, it didn't leak. That's what this trusted compute is giving at the end of the day. So now let's jump into one last slide from me is how could it now connect with Ethereum, specifically Ethereum 2.0. This picture probably, you know, most of the people have seen it. It's off the medium articles. And the main thing really here is that this whole, you know, today morning, like in the morning, Vitalik talked about this beacon chain and things like that.  In this, there are two things here. One is this beacon chain, which I in my view is like it's the control plane that's making sure that things are happening the right way. And then at the bottom is your execution plane. So in the control plane, this is where you have the validators and verification and, you know, all the crypto economics going on in terms of like, you know, making sure that, you know, everybody is doing the right thing. And if somebody is not doing the right thing, penalizing them and all of that, you know, keeping the equilibrium and keeping the system working. So right now, the focus really is on, hey, you know, you did something wrong. Okay, I'll penalize you. But what we are saying is, with if you run, say, validator or you run a verifier inside the trusted compute and you have all of those log of your activity, you can really prove that, you know, hey, I did do this. That means I did vote on it. Something else in the ecosystem down the line is basically censoring my output. Or I did not do that because the key that is used to sign the result is safely inside the thing and cannot be leaked. So this is what we see is like, we can simplify some of these things and this is where you will talk a little bit about it. And then lastly, at the execution layer, you know, signature validations as an example, you know, it's a common thing and they take a lot of time. You can offload that. Complex tasks that require a lot of, you know, gas, you can offload that to a, you know, plasma chain built around this or a side chain. So in general, like what we see is like, you know, at the beacon layer, it reduces the friction or reduces the fear that I might get slashed and I don't have anything to fall back to. So it in a way helps more people to participate and increase hopefully the democratization of this whole decentralization and also helps with the scalability and security. At this point, I will turn over to Andreas. Let's get a little real with what we have here. Is this on? Oh, better. So we talked about secure private and self-control and it can be ubiquitous. So what are the type of services that could be built with this on top of Ethereum? So you have, for example, a decentralized device registry. Which is valuable when you're talking about IoT self-driving vehicles. You have secure multi-party transaction signing, which is applicable not only for Ethereum transaction, but for any transaction. You don't no longer need your private key on your device because you can have the signing done in a trusted way by multiple parties. You have secure decentralized cloud. So we're talking with OEMs to be able to provide, to collect a cloud, a fog of devices that run trusted compute services. And I'll talk at the end for a few minutes about that. You also can do MPC analytics. You can also now do secure wallets and real-time oracles with this. And you can do secure public or private data stores. At Consensus there are a project called Linea at the decentralized identity foundation. We're working together with others on identity hubs where we'll actually employ these technologies. Then you have what you probably have heard before, off-chain compute, offload, a lot of smart contract heavy logic on to trusted compute entities as well as secure attestation validation. So for example, if your bank gives you your KYC and it says you have a US or security number, you have a valid US address, you don't want to reveal that, right? But you can prove that you're over 21, that you have a valid source security number and you can pass this attestation into a trusted compute that applies the logic to it and generates another anonymized attestation that still proves the same thing. So after talking about the applications on top, let's come back one step and let's talk about what we can do on an Ethereum node. Apparently I shouldn't touch this. So what Sanjay showed you about Ethereum 2.0, let's take that level deeper and let's do a little journey of an Ethereum transaction. So it first comes into the transaction pool. Well, nowadays any node can do anything with your transaction. It can do front running, it can put it into any order that it wants or it might just simply censor it. So if you ask add a trusted ordering and encryption service to that, all of this goes away. So you're taking a significant attack vector out. If you're following along, you go to the EVM that goes into the level DB, you can now do a trusted EVM execution service before it goes to proof of work. That's for the main net. If you're now going Plasma Chain, Site Chain, Beacon Chain, you're talking about CASPER-FFG and here again you can employ a trusted compute service that actually says, hey, I voted this way. And no human being can influence that, which means your assurances that the vote was done honestly go up exponentially. So this is for node, let's go one level deeper. So I give you three concrete example already at layer one. Now let's dive one level deeper. This looks really, really ugly and it is. What I want to focus on on the right-hand side, the actual trusted compute logic for a transaction ordering service is very, very simple. And on the left-hand side, and again don't focus on all the text, the key thing are the two blue boxes about trusted transaction pool app and the trusted ordering registration update service are two updates that can be done to the transaction pool module in a complimentary fashion, which means the actual change to the protocol is actually minimal. So you can, with minimal protocol changes that do not require forking or anything like that, you can increase the security of the Ethereum network significantly. Okay, so after going down to the protocol layer let's go one back up and talk about services. How can you discover these services? You can run Intel SGX or AMD or TrustZone or a zero-knowledge proof service on your laptop and that's great but no one can find it. So that's you the provider, you have your trusted compute. What do you need? You need a utility service market platform. So really for trusted compute is best if it has a marketplace with a broker service running on a blockchain such that a buyer who uses and needs this trusted compute service can now find it and pay for it on a per transaction or on a subscription basis and now anybody in the world who runs such a trusted compute service can register it, can expose it and can offer it to anyone on this planet and they can actually resell it if they want to. However, because of the way this works you can now exact another rent. It's fine. If you guys can hear me alright then that's good. So this way the provider can also participate on the subsequent monetization of that secure service. So through the marketplace. So again we're discussing with various OEM providers to actually build such a marketplace. So that's very exciting work that's going on that we want to push forward and so when you look at the services, the applications and the and the layer and the layer one you see how the trusted compute can really add to as Sanjay said to the democratization and decentralization of blockchains not only Ethereum but any block chain that's out there. So that's why we're really excited about this aspect and therefore it's a really want to finish here with a vision to the community right. We invite you to review improve and to help implement this vision not only for Ethereum but for all blockchains such that they can be successful and deliver on their promise and as a first step please join us tomorrow at the other trusted compute and other trusted compute enthusiasts actually in the ultraviolet room at 10 a.m. where we talk about the future of Ethereum with trusted compute. Thank you. Thank you very much guys. We got eight minutes for questions so this is started. On that previous slide you had the buyer reselling data from the provider and the provider collecting rent from the buyer third-party customers. How do you do that? You're actually not reselling the data. You're reselling the service which means you still control who gets the service. You still hold the permissioning so if you want to resell it the other party needs to be added to that service contract. So that's how you ensure that you get paid for that service if it's resold. What do you say to ease the fears of people that generally notice that trusted compute relies on trusted hardware that's often times closed source and not allow for security reviews resulting in things like the level one terminal fault and a recent breach that exposed system management mode on Intel chips that validated SGS completely just how do you reconcile it? So the general thing is like being as much as open as we can in terms of like the breaches happen not because their intentional breaches happen because we are starting to use this technology at scale and many people are looking at it. And at Intel we are committed to working continuously and quickly to provide patches provide whatever is needed and as the breaches that happened there's a lot of information on Intel website in terms of why you can get the patches and how you can basically put it on the systems and how we can figure out whether the system has been passed. So there's a lot of information there. Also if you think about side channel attacks actually I talked with Marley Gray from Microsoft yesterday and we'll probably do a little experiment with Microsoft research to see whether you can actually do a side channel attack on a laptop in a Starbucks. If you can do that then you really have a problem right? Typically you will not be able to get the apparatus you need into a secure data center. That's really hard. So it's more like on your custom laptop. And we'll do that more hopefully in some time be able to produce a little video about that and see how well that works or doesn't work. So looking forward to that. So in the end the more you get these trusted compute services out into the marketplace and into the hands of people the more secure it's going to be and the more decentralized. So if people are offering those services and other people use it the risk of a few controlling the money is really low. I just had a question if you could try to correlate for the naive observer who sees a vision here for something that allows additional scaling, better efficiency of compute and so forth. But then it's not really on the roadmap when the Ethereum foundation and the group is talking about what's in Ethereum 2.0 zero knowledge proofs are as both scaling and privacy. So just can you say some words about that? I can start that right. So you're right and a lot of it is like generally a lot of not information about how trusted computers work and all that stuff. So we have done a lot of work in the context of enterprise Ethereum wherein for example we have released a 0.5 version of an API which anybody on the chain a smart contract on the chain can talk to a trusted compute and bring the results back and things like that. It's 0.5 version and the idea is to get that kind of a conversation going and that's where we are here in terms of like you know hey there are these things and that trusted compute API that we have put out there it's not specific to a particular thing. We want to comprehend hardware based and software based trusted because it's not a silver bullet kind of a thing. So we see that's what we are doing and that would be a great place to start because a lot of the stuff work in there is like right now more enterprisey in terms of the flows but immediately we're going to start work on how to make that API apply for public Ethereum where you have the gas constraints and things like that. Oh yeah so it's sort of a follow up to the the down on the back. So it's sort of a follow up to the question that was just asked about how it's we don't really see this on the roadmap with Ethereum 2.0. I think one thing that would help is if these designs were open they would help people actually trust what's going on. And another thing is have you all approached them even the whole idea of feeding randomness from RANDOW and the beacon chain into a VDF there's all this research and work going on to create a verifiable delay function ASIC. Could this help? Could that replace that? You're right on the mark because we have some really hard earned random generators within the hardware that feed off the entropy within the system and when I look at RANDOW and all that in context of beacon chain it becomes very very interesting. So that's where we talked about it there's a role to be played and that's why we are here is like let's have that conversation going what's the right way to do it. Are you all approaching Justin Drake to ask him about that? We have not yet but the idea is first was to get the API out have something to shoot against him. But that's the idea. That would just be a really good way to get an answer really quick about what reservations they have so that it could be moved forward. Thank you. This is the beginning of a dialogue, right? And one thing that I want to point out what we're saying here is we're not replacing any of the current security features. We're not saying replace proof of work with proof of elapsed time using Intel SGX or any other trusted enclave. We're adding additional security features to the ecosystem stack that makes the whole thing more secure allows better decentralization and lowers the barrier to entry because it is literally ubiquitous. Already. If you run an i7 and i9 you can turn on Intel SGX and deploy a trusted service in a few minutes. So it's about educating the ecosystem about this novel idea and it really has only come out in the last six months really six to nine months that we've been working on to formulate the ideas to talk with people like Virgil and it's a slow process because Intel came out first and helped the keys and that's what's stuck in people's heads and you're saying Intel doesn't hold the keys anymore or AMD or ARM it really doesn't matter.


Good morning everyone and welcome to class. Hope you all had a good weekend.  Okay, I hope all our online students had a good weekend, refreshing weekend. Welcome to our e-learning students as well. We'll begin. Okay, can I ask one of us to lead us in prayer please? Anyone can lead us in prayer? The mic is near you, so. Thank you Holy Father for this day that you have given us and Lord we don't take you for granted that you have just poured out your grace and your mercy to us and Lord as we have gathered today. To learn more of your word and to know more of Jesus, I pray that you would help our minds to be opened and that you help us understand what is being taught and that you help Pastor Selena to teach us well. Thank you Lord Jesus for this time. Amen. Amen. Were you able to hear Rin as she prayed online students? Okay, yes. Thank you Chira. Okay, Anthony says yes. Okay, so last class we began talking about the kingdom of God. Okay, we discovered that God's original intent was to establish people and also establish a kingdom, establish a people who would be co-heirs with him in that kingdom, which means that God wanted us to inherit his kingdom and rule along with him in his kingdom. Okay, we also looked at how God introduced the kingdom in the Garden of Eden, okay, and how it was lost. And then we went on to see how Jesus came and reintroduced the kingdom of God and how you and I have been invited to inherit that kingdom. It's an invitation that is left to us, which means it's a choice that you and I make. Today we're going to look at the king of this kingdom, okay, and we'll focus on God as king. And then we look at how Jesus introduced the kingdom of God here on the earth or the kingdom of heaven here on the earth. What method did he use to introduce the kingdom of God on the earth? And then if we have time, we will look at chapter 3, which is looking at the relationship the church has with the kingdom of God. So today we look at chapter 2, the king of the kingdom. Okay, who is the king of the kingdom? God. God is the king of the kingdom. We perceive God in different ways, yes or no? Yes, how do we perceive God? How do each of you perceive God? Okay, how do you, when you think about God, what do you think about Him? Father, friend, okay, what else? How do you perceive God? Okay, we're thinking about more in terms of, you know, like He's a father, He's a friend, following His words, okay? He's almighty, thank you Nina, John. What else? Holy, all powerful. He's our saviour, okay? He's our healer, He's Lord, He's shepherd, deliverer. So we perceive God in many different ways, okay? But the Bible also brings to our attention that God is king. Okay, sometimes we don't look at God as king because why do we fail to look at God as king sometimes? Yes, we're more introduced to that. Yeah, he's more introduced to a more personal aspect of God. He's like our friend, our saviour, somebody who's redeemed us, okay? Somebody who leads us as a shepherd. So very personal God, an intimate God, that is very nice. But also we need to look at God and the Bible brings to our attention that God is king and we need to relate to God as king, okay? We need to relate to also, even as we relate to God as a healer, as a father, as a saviour, as a friend, as a redeemer, somebody who's almighty. We also need to relate to God as a king, somebody who's a ruler, somebody who's Lord over everything, okay? So even in today's class, I'll be just giving you a lot of extra notes so if you can look at your textbooks and if there is, you know, you want to make your own notes, that's good and fine, okay? So Psalm 145 verse 1. Can somebody read that? Psalm 145 verse 1, please. You can online students, you can join in and please unmute your mics and read. So Psalm 145 verse 1, I will extol you, my God, oh king, and I will bless your name forever and ever.  I will extol you, God, my king. So he's worshiping God as king. And then look at what the Psalmist says in verses 10 to verse 13 of the same chapter. Can somebody read that, please? All your works shall praise you, O Lord, and your saints shall bless you. They shall speak of the glory of your kingdom and talk of your power, to make known to the Son of man his mighty acts and the glorious majesty of his kingdom. Your kingdom is an everlasting kingdom and your dominion endures throughout all generations. So here the Psalmist is worshiping God as king and he's saying that God, your people are going to talk about what? Your works, what else? The glory of your kingdom, your power, his power, his mighty acts. The greatness of his kingdom and what else? His dominion, his majesty and his kingdom and they will affirm that God's kingdom is an everlasting kingdom. So that is what the Psalmist is saying.  We worship you as king. And then he says all the people will acknowledge all of these aspects that we looked at about the king. So here the Psalmist is saying, God, we are recognizing you and we're worshiping you as king. Look at Psalm 47 verse 6. Can somebody read Psalm 47 verse 6, please? Psalm 47 verse 6. Sing praises to God, sing praises, sing praises to our king, sing praises. The next verse also, please? For God is the king of all the earth, sing praises with understanding. Amen. So the Psalmist here in Psalm 47 verse 6 is saying, 6 and 7 is saying that, you know, sing praises to God, sing praises to your king. Sing praises. For God is king of all the earth, sing praises with understanding, right? So when we come to worship God, the Psalmist is saying, you know, you can do it this way. Okay.  You can worship this king this way. So he's saying, can you, you know, sing praises to the king? Can you do it as singing praises to the king? And how about when we sing, we sing with this heart attitude that says, God, you are king and I'm singing praises to this king. Okay.  Okay. This is my offering that I'm bringing to you. This is the way I am exalting you.  So as king, the Psalmist is basically saying, let's worship this king. Let's praise him. So when we praise and worship this king, how do we go about praise and worship this king?  I'm bringing my tribute. I'm bringing my offering.  Even in our prayer, we can acknowledge God as king. Okay. Very interesting verse in Psalm chapter 44, verse 4. Okay. Very, very powerful, very interesting verse. Please somebody read Psalm chapter 44, verse 4, please. You are my king or God. Yes. Read. You are my king or God. Command victories for Jacob. Yes. You know, it says here that the Psalmist says, you are my king or God. Command victories for Jacob. Okay. Very powerful verse. A very short phrase, a very short verse, but it's so powerful. So what the Psalmist is basically saying is God, even as I recognize you as the king of my life. Okay. Even as you are the king of this universe and the light of this fact that you are my king in the light of the fact that you are king, here is what I want you to do. And so he's saying, God, I want you to issue decrees. I wanted to issue commands of victory for Israel and Jacob. And that's the so, you know, we can say audacity of the Psalmist or we can, we can talk about it and say, look at the, you know, the way that the Psalmist is actually telling God, but he's actually looking at God as king. And he's saying God, even as you are king over Israel and Jacob, and as a king makes decrees and as a king makes, you know, commands. So he's saying God issue decrees and issue commands of victory. What is he asking God to issue commands for? Victory. Okay. Now the word victory in Hebrew is simply the word for salvation. Okay. Save, saved. Sozo. Okay. And it's an all inclusive word from which we get also the name Yeshua or Jesus. Okay. So salvation also means the word save, wherever we save or save in the New Testament, it means sozo in certain places in the New Testament. That means salvation. And salvation is a comprehensive word. It's an all inclusive word. And from which word we also get the name Yeshua or we get the name Jesus. So it's a word that not only just means victory, salvation or sozo just does not mean victory, but it also means. Healing. It means forgiveness of sins. It means deliverance. It means prosperity. It means well being protection from all harm and danger. So here, David is acknowledging God as king. He's acknowledging God because you are king command, you know, or decree victory over Israel and Jacob.  I want you to issue a decree and command over this area of my life so it can be healing. I want you to issue and decree a command of victory over healing.  I want you to issue and command a decree of victory over my finances. Or I want you to issue a decree and command of victory over my children or over my marriage.    So issue decrees for healing, issue decrees for deliverance, command victories of the Lord over your life. You can say, God, you are king, your word is your decree. And, you know, when you speak, it will be done. It's a yes and amen. No one can question it. And I'm praying according to your will. And I want you to issue and command this decree of victory. And when we do that, it's not actually we are being arrogant or we are, you know, like we can say that Samus was very, you know, look at his audacity. You know, but we can just say, God, even as we're saying this, we're saying, God, I trust in you 100%. I had the faith and trust and the confidence that you will do this for me. So amen, right? Such a powerful verse that we can just speak this verse over the areas of our life. So this understanding of God as king can not only affect the way we worship and praise our God, but also affect the way we pray to our God who is king. So saying, God, if you command it, I know it will be done because you are the omnipotent ruler of the entire world. And I believe that you would do this for me. Amen. Yeah. So we look at a few insights about God as king. Some of them, you know, are very obvious to us, but just like to remind us when we are looking at God, looking at God as king, just like to remind us about a few insights about him being king and as a one who has the kingdom. Okay. So just a few insights. The first one asking God is final authority. Authority is inherent in who he is. Okay. Authority is inherent means authority is something that is natural in him, something that is characteristic of God. And nobody votes God into power. Okay. We vote the government into power, but nobody votes God into power and nobody can vote him out of power. Okay. If you like God as king, good. If you don't like God as king too bad, because he's still going to be king and your opinion will not change the fact that he is king and that is authority is inherent in himself. That means authority is characteristic of who God is. It is part of his nature of who he is. And we know that God does not derive his authority from anyone. He is the final authority. What he says, what he does stands and no one can question that no one can come against that. The first insight about God as king is that he is the final authority. Secondly, asking God's word is also his command. His law is his command. Okay. So when God says something, nobody can debate about it. Nobody can question that nobody can argue against that. And there is nobody who can vote whether that should become a law or not. His word is his command. It's his law. Thirdly, asking his presence is also the place of his authority and glory. So when you enter the presence of the king, you're basically entering the presence of his complete glory and authority. Okay. Because the presence of the king is a presence where there is authority and glory. Okay. So let me just try to relate this to something with our own, you know, everyday experience that we have in our normal everyday life. Now when you're meeting a friend and you sit and talk with that friend, what will be your, you know, the way that you do it? Will you be very formal with a friend? You'll just be very normal. You'll just be very, very casual. You'll even just dress up very casually. Maybe if it's summer or now it's not rainy, it's not cold in Bangalore. So you just wear shorts and maybe just go with a t-shirt and very casually you will talk with your friend. Okay. So when you sit and talk, you're not worried about anything. But if just say if you're meeting the president of your organization. Okay. Or you're meeting Pasa Ashish, right? You have to go to his office. Okay. How will you go? Very formally dressed. You'll also be wondering what is he called you. There'll be a lot of anxiety. Okay. But you won't go with a very casual attitude, right? When you go to meet the president of your organization, you'll go well dressed, best dressed. You'll be on time. You'll be ahead of time. And then you enter the presence of that person or the dignitary with, you know, a lot of respect because his presence actually commands authority that is behind him. Okay. Now, just imagine you are going to meet the president of India or the prime minister. How will your attitude be? That's even more weightier, right? You kind of wear the best clothes and then you're entering the presence of this dignitary and his presence represents his authority that is behind him. Now, we scale it up infinite times when we enter the presence of the Almighty God, who is king of kings, who is Lord of Lords, who is almighty, all powerful, who is the only king of the earth. So we have to scale up, you know, the way we enter his presence infinite times. And in his presence, there is all of his authority, all of his glory that represents him right there in his presence. Okay. So actually, you and I have the awesome privilege, the great privilege of walking into that awesome presence of this great king who is mighty, all powerful, omnipotent and, you know, who is so great and almighty. Okay. So that is what we mean when we say in the third point, as King, his presence is also a place of his authority and his glory. Okay. Now, the fourth point, you know, follow up in your book, you know, so that you are, you can just make any notes, whatever you want. Okay. Number four, the fourth point, as King God's name represents a full weight of his authority. Okay. So his name also has his authority, not only his presence, but also his name. Now, when we mentioned the name of somebody who's achieved something great, or is somebody in a great higher position, we immediately respond to that name in a meaningful way in a very reverential way. Why? Because that name carries weight and authority. We don't take it lightly, right? If we say Pasachis has said something, we all will follow in line, you know, we'll just do it. Okay. So also the name of God as King, his name represents the full weight of his authority. Okay. That is why demons even shudder and shiver are the name of Jesus. Are the name of Jesus, every knee will bow and every tongue will confess that he is Lord. Are the name of Jesus, there is power, there's healing, there's deliverance, there's encouragement, there's provision. You name it and everything is there because that name represents the full weight of his authority. Amen. Okay. Point five, asking God's kingdom is an expression of who he is. So whatever happens in God's kingdom, it's very important for God because he is King. And God desires that his kingdom be a true representation or a true expression of who he is as King. So God wants his kingdom to exactly represent who he is, represent his nature and also a true expression of the King. So the kingdom actually represents who the king is. So the king is slack and is lazy, then we see things not, you know, there's chaos in the kingdom. But if a king is orderly, you know, does everything with a plan and a purpose and is strict and there's order, there's no chaos in the kingdom. If a king is very, you know, selfish, self-centered and, you know, has no love but is always thinking about himself. Then we see that the people in this, you know, kingdom struggle, there is no love, there is no happiness, there is no joy. Okay. So actually the kingdom is the representative of the king. So God wants his kingdom to be a true expression, a true representation of who he is as King. And he doesn't treat it lightly when things happen in his kingdom. Okay. He wants to make sure or he ensures that what happens in his kingdom is a true expression of who he is as King. Okay. Now what do we know about God as King? Okay. What do we know about God as King? What do we know about this king who is king of this kingdom? Okay. What are the facets of God as King? A very familiar scripture passage that we often read during Christmas time, but we will be looking at it now as God as King is Isaiah chapter 9 verses 6 and 7. Okay. So can somebody please read Isaiah chapter 9 verses 6 and 7 please. For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given and the government will be upon his shoulder and his name will be called wonderful counselor, mighty God, everlasting father, prince of peace of the increase of his government and peace there will be no end. Upon the throne of David and all his kingdom to order it and establish it with judgment and justice. From that time forward even forever the zeal of the Lord of hosts will perform this. Amen. So what kind of king is he? Okay. Here it says his name is wonderful. You know when you look at this word wonderful in the Hebrew it literally means miraculous. So actually here his name is called miraculous. He's counselor. Counselor means an advisor. Okay. The wise one basically meaning the advisor or the wise one. It also says he is the mighty God. Mighty God means what? Omnipotent in power. Okay. So wonderful literally means miraculous. Counselor means somebody who's an advisor or the wise one. Mighty God means omnipotent in power and he is the everlasting father. Okay. That means he has no beginning, no end. He's always our father and he's a ruler of the prince of peace. He's a ruler. Okay. And he's a prince of peace. Okay. And what 7 says of the increase of his government and peace there will be no end. Upon the throne of David and all his kingdom to order it and establish it with judgment and justice. From that time forward even forever the zeal of the Lord of hosts will perform this. So here is a description of the king who's carrying on his shoulders. What is he carrying on his shoulders? The government or the weight of his kingdom or his government. And his kingdom is what kind of a kingdom everlasting kingdom. And his kingdom will continue to grow and expand and there will be no end to it. Okay. So what kind of king is there at the center of this government? Everlasting father, somebody who's wonderful, miraculous, counselor, mighty God, prince of peace and advisor, the wise one.   So he wants his kingdom to be saturated with the miraculous saturated means what, full and overflowing with the miraculous. So miracles are basically surprise gifts from God. And that is what he wants his kingdom to be full of.  His name is also counselor, which means he's the advisor, the wise one, which means he wants his kingdom to be filled with his wisdom and people walking in the wisdom of God. Okay. He's also the mighty God, which means the God of power and omnipotence or the God of power or omnipotence. And so nothing can obstruct his plans or his purposes and what he wants to fulfill on the earth, nothing will stop him from doing that. Okay.  So he will rule his kingdom with might and power. And he is the everlasting father, which means as a king, he's also very compassionate. He cares for the needs of his people, just like a father cares for his children. So also God is compassionate and loving and caring. He's a father to the needy, to the poor, to the oppressed. He's willing to, as a father, to step into our troubles. He's willing to come alongside, to encourage us to be a father to us. So our king is also our father. Okay. And he's also the ruler of peace. He's a prince of peace. Prince of peace means what? Ruler of peace. The Hebrew word for peace is shalom. And what does shalom mean? Also very comprehensive word, wholeness, well-being, which means he's a king who enforces wholeness throughout his kingdom. He brings wholeness and peace into every one of his people's life. Okay. So the king desires his kingdom to be an expression of himself, all of this. So even as you are part of God's kingdom, you can say, God, even as you are king of this kingdom, and I am co-heir with you and I'm part of this kingdom, I also want your wisdom to be operative in my life. I want wholeness, God. I want peace. I want well-being.  I want every time that I preach or teach or lead worship or pray for somebody, I want to see the miraculous because that is an expression of your kingdom. That is what your kingdom is all about. Okay. And verse seven, it also says his judgment and justice will be throughout his kingdom and his rule. Okay. So that is also that we want to see. We say, God, I want to see judgment and I want to see justice done in your kingdom. Now, when we talk about the kingdom of God, we usually tend to emphasize only one aspect of the kingdom. Kings nature. Sometimes we just focus only on the miraculous. And, you know, some people can say the kingdom of God is all about the miraculous. Okay. Yes, it's all about him being wonderful. That means a miracle worker. It's true. But it's just one aspect of his kingdom.  Or the kingdom of God is all about him being of us experiencing Shalom. Or the kingdom of God is all about just judgment and justice of God. If the Old Testament people were here, they would say God's kingdom is all about judgment and justice.  So sometimes we tend to focus on just one or two aspects of this king and his kingdom.  You know, we ultimately misrepresent him. So what we need to do is we actually need to relate to God with all of who he is and all of who he expresses himself in his kingdom or all of what he represents himself to be in his kingdom. So when you and I represent God, we need to represent him with all of these things. That's when we are preaching with peace, with miracles. We are preaching with the love of God or whatever we are doing in the kingdom of God, whether it's laying out the chairs or whether it is serving tea or whether it is cleaning or washing. When we do it with all of the nature of God and what his kingdom represents, then we will not be misrepresenting him. So the king is more than just a father, he's more than just a miraculous, he's more than just a prince of peace, but he references all of who he is, the full facets of who God is, is all represented in his kingdom. So he's all this and more and he wants his kingdom to be the full expression of who he is. He wants his kingdom to be a full expression of himself. Now the point six, asking God is to be feared and honored. So we will read Jeremiah chapter 10 verse 7 and also verse 10. So can somebody read Jeremiah chapter 10 verse 7 and verse 10 please. Who would not fear you, oh king of the nations, for this is your rightful due for among all the wise men of the nations and in all their kingdoms there is none like you. Amen. Verse 10 also yes. Verse 10, but the Lord is the true God, he is the living God and the everlasting king. At his wrath the earth will be troubled and the nations will not able to endure his indignation. So here it says God is king of the nations. Jeremiah chapter 10 verse 7 says he's God of the nations and because he's the God of the nations, what should we do? What should be our attitude? We have to fear him, honor him, give him the reverence that is due to him as king. He is to be feared and honored as king. And he says for this is your rightful due for among all the wise men of the nations and all their kingdoms there is none like you. There is none like God who is king and so we need to give him rightfully what he is due. And also verse 10 says that he is everlasting king and at his wrath the earth will tremble and the nations will not be able to endure his indignation. Now one of the greatest tributes to God as king comes from the mouth of a pagan king. You know who that is? Nebuchadnezzar king Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. He knew nothing about this God of the Hebrews and he was a king who ascended to such great heights of power on this earth. He established the Babylonian empire and he was so powerful and then something went wrong in his life. What happened to him? Yes, he lost his mind. He became man and he began living like an animal in the forest.  You know, he was ultimately restored. Okay, he now turned back and when he turns back, he begins to ascribe greatness to the king of all kings. Okay, very interesting. Look at what king Nebuchadnezzar has to say about God in Daniel chapter 4 verses 34 to 37. So can somebody please read Daniel chapter 4 verse 34 please. At the end of the time, I Nebuchadnezzar lifted up my eyes to heaven and my understanding returned to me and I blessed to the most high and praised and honored him who lives forever. For his dominion is an everlasting dominion and his kingdom is from generations to generations. Amen.   He will also die. His kingdom will go to somebody else. But he says the king of this kingdom will never pass away. And he says his dominion or his rule, his reign, his power, his authority is from everlasting to everlasting. Okay, look at what he says in verse 35. He says, all the inhabitants of the earth are reputed as nothing. He does according to his will in the army of heaven. And among the inhabitants of the earth, no one can restrain his hand or say to him, what have you done? Okay, so Nebuchadnezzar realized that, hey, I'm a king of a powerful empire. Okay, Babylonian empire was the most powerful empire.  Okay, but there is a kingdom whose king is infinitely greater than me. And there is nobody who can contend with him. There's nobody who can stop his path. And he says, I must ascribe greatness to this king. So in the light of looking at this great king of this goddess king and looking at his kingdom, you know, Nebuchadnezzar is able to understand his own frailty. He's able to understand his own weaknesses. Then look at what he says in verses 36 and 37. Can somebody else please read? 36 and 37 please. At the same time, my reason returned to me and for the glory of my kingdom, my honor and splendor returned to me. My counselors and nobles resorted to me. I was restored to my kingdom and excellent majesty was added to me. Now I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise and exile and honor the king of heaven. All of whose works are truth and his ways justice and those who walk in pride, he's able to put down. Amen. So he says here now I realize that there is a king who is greater than me and I want, what does he want to do to this king? What does he want to do to this king? Yes, praise him, give him all the glory, honor and worship him as king. So the king of our kingdom or the kingdom that we belong to, the king who is God needs to be feared and honored. There are many places in the Bible in the New Testament that talks about God as our king. Look at 1 Timothy chapter 1 was 17 and 1 Timothy chapter 6 was 15. Can somebody read these two verses please? Yeah, 1 Timothy 1 17. Now to the king eternal, immortal, invisible to God who alone is wise, be honor and glory for ever and ever. Amen. 1 Timothy 6 15, which he will manifest in his own time. He who is the blessed and only pertain the king of kings and the Lord of lords. Amen. So here we see in these two passages talks about God who is the king of kings and the Lord of lords who is the only blessed, pertinent. And also we see in 1 Timothy chapter 1 was 17. He is a king who is eternal, immortal, invisible, alone who is wise and to him be all glory, honor forever and ever. And also there are several other places in scripture where God is worshipped as king. We also can read this in Revelation chapter 17 was 14 and also Revelation chapter 19 was 16. So we see in several places in scripture God is called the king of kings and the Lord of lords. So this morning, even as we have just looked at God as king, you know, just part of it. You know, what I like to encourage each one of us is to look at God as king as well. Apart from all the other aspects of who he is, his nature and who is revealed himself to us. And also even as we begin to look at God as king, worship him as king. What we looked at in Psalm chapter 145 verse 1 and verses 10 to 13. And also when you pray, don't forget Psalm chapter 44 verse 4, very powerful, right? What do we need to pray?  And just believe that his God is omnipotent. He's powerful and he can do it. Amen. So we'll move on in this chapter and we'll see how Jesus introduced his kingdom. How Jesus introduced the kingdom of God or the kingdom of heaven. Are these two terms kingdom of God and kingdom of heaven different terms? No, they are same. They can be used interchangeably. So when Jesus came into this world, how did he go about introducing the kingdom of God? What did he do? Any idea? There is a forerunner. Okay. But when Jesus came introducing the kingdom, how did he introduce the kingdom? Through parables. Through parables? Repent. Repent. What did he do? Okay, miracles. He demonstrated miracles. What else did he do? Teaching. Very good. He did all the things to project himself. Project the kingdom of God. What are all the things? Okay. He demonstrated miracles, teaching, preaching and miracles. Teaching, preaching and miracles. Okay. Okay. Fulfilling the prophecies. Okay. So. Yes. Can you please use the mic? For this honor and all. So we have to honor our King. On the other side, he's a very loving God also, right? Yes. Like when we are talking, like when we are going to God, we have to, I mean, we have to be with dignity and all. So on the other side, God can accept anywhere, right? Accept us. Yeah. He accepts us just the way we are.  Your father is caring, but you don't go and talk to him, hey, buy me this. Get me this. Hey, do this for me. You don't say that you give him the respect and honor, right? You don't say, hey, come here. Let's go to the market. Take me. I want to buy this. You don't talk like that. You give him the honor that can we go? I want this. Please. Can you buy me this? Okay.  I hope you use words like please thank you, sorry, and all of those things to our parents. You know, sometimes we take them so much for granted. Okay. But we show them respect and honor that way. We don't talk with them with dishonor. So when we say honor God, it does not mean that, you know, we go with a suit and tie.  No, it just means that we give him the honor that he is due and we don't talk to him also casually and say, what God, you know, you didn't do this for me. What's happening? Where are you? We don't talk. No. Yes.   Nobody is as lovely. Nobody is as kind. Nobody is as gracious and compassionate, patient and merciful as he is to us. I mean, that just, that just blows my mind. It just, it just leaves me dumbfounded. Please use the mic, Sean. When it comes to God, man, we know he's, he's our God and he's our King. But how do we differentiate from that? Because both of them seem very familiar if you ask me. Because when God, you have to fear him and honor him. When it comes to a King, you have to fear him and honor him. So how do you differentiate between those two types of authorities? We don't have to differentiate, Sean, because God is King. It's as simple as that. You don't have to differentiate between, I don't have to differentiate between John and father. John is my father's name. He's my father, earthly father. So don't differentiate anything. He's just God and he's King. So even as he's God and he's King, I just know that he's all powerful, all mighty, that he can do anything for me and he can come through for me. So that gives me the assurance. That he's in control. He's in authority. He's in power. Nothing in my life will happen without him knowing it or without it passing through him. And he has all the authority and power to change things, reverse things and to work on my behalf. Okay. Yeah. Anything else? Yes. Any of the first students, online students have any questions? Anything you just want to say? As we have, you have taught me, I'm like, he's, from one verse, we have taught like God. He's like a King who has compassion, you know, who like on his people. If he seizes in trouble, he comes and he helps us. So it's like, he has compassion to forgive and all. But, and we saw like, it is like a picture of a father who forgives and all. But as a King, King also like, if someone does mistake in the kingdom, they will also take him, the account, ability of it and give punishment to it. So how we can like, Yes. How do we balance that? Okay.  Okay. So we'll look at it after we come back from the break. Okay. We'll go for a break now and then come back. Thank you.