Think Tech Hawaii, civil engagement lives here. Well, and welcome to Stanley Energy Man this week on Friday the 13th, but I'm not nervous. What could possibly go wrong? I've got a great guest this week, and I'll introduce him in a second, but before I do, my guests and I both attended a great event on Wednesday. We are hosted by CERVCO Pacific out at their Mapuna Puna grand opening of the very first publicly available hydrogen and fueling station in the state of Hawaii, and that is a true game changer for the state of Hawaii. It's the very first one CERVCO and Toyota brought in the vehicles. So we have Toyota fuel cell vehicles on Island. We have a commercial station on Island, and there's a whole lot of other hydrogen stuff going on in the state of Hawaii that we're going to talk about today. And the reason we're going to talk about hydrogen today, besides it's one of my favorite subjects, is it's also one of my guest's favorite subjects. And so I'm glad to invite to have as a guest today, Representative Markinakashima from the Big Island, from Hilo, who's also the vice chair of the state legislature, the House of Representatives, and my speaker of the House in Hawaii in the state legislature.  And in fact, the first time I met him, he started talking hydrogen before I even knew what hydrogen was. And he's really, really a great advocate for renewable energy, clean energy, sustainable energy, and especially for the Big Island. So welcome, Rep. And it's great to have you on. And I know we have plenty to talk about. So why don't you start off by talking about maybe some of the legislation that you've seen lately that you think is going to be coming up in the next session that we ought to be looking for. Well, Stan, I think that hydrogen has been something that, for me, has been really an important issue. Living on the Big Island, we see all of the different renewable energy opportunities and vehicles that are coming before us. And with the plug-in electrics and the hybrids. My concern there was that the range on those vehicles really weren't up to the Big Island standards in terms of the distances that we need to cover. If I get into my car, I know I'm going to do at least 100 miles that day. And because of that, I was looking for something that could accomplish that on the Big Island. And when I learned about the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, that really excited me. And I think for the 10 years I've been in office, that is something that I've really been pushing for and trying to see move ahead. I think that the technology is finally catching up with us. That we're able to kind of realize some of those dreams. And so I'm really excited about looking forward and the opportunities that this first hydrogen station that's open to the public here on Oahu. The availability of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to the consumers locally is really exciting. And I think that in order to support those kinds of things, we are continuing to look at our investment as a state into the hydrogen infrastructure, into changing some of the laws that will be much more inclusive of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle in our procurement and our purchasing plans. And also looking at ways to help meet our energy goals, not only for electricity, but also now that the mayors have put it out there for motor vehicles as well, that we have lots of things that we can look forward to working on this year and in the coming years. Great. Yeah, we don't call it the Big Island for nothing, right? Yeah, that's right. And not only do we have the distances, but you also saw some mountains decline. Even if you go on the saddle road, you're going up a couple thousand feet and then down the other side, it's a challenge for any electric vehicle, including a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. It takes more energy to go up hills with electric vehicles. So it's good to have the range. Yeah, and my district's unique in that I can go from sea level to 13,000 feet in a matter of an hour and 15 minutes. So there's nowhere else in the world where you can make that kind of elevation. And that's short period of time. And so those two present challenges to any motor vehicle. And I think that hydrogen is one of the vehicles that are going to be up to snuff to be able to do that. Well, the Big Island is slated to get three vehicles right now, two for the National Park Service and one for the Alley on Bus that are being done by the University of Hawaii, H&E I, Mitch Ewen and his folks. Right. And they're getting ready to be delivered. And Mitch's station, as I understand it, is nearing completion and probably should be up and running within the next 30 days, I would say, based on what I've seen of his timelines. And I know we're all excited about that because the Big Island has always been anticipating these things. But the bad news is we've got the volcano kicking off and closing down the volcano National Park. So we may have to push those vehicles into the Alley on Bus system too and get all three of them running in that system. I think regardless of where they end up, that they will end up on the Big Island, I think it's kind of key to beginning that realization of the dream that we will have this alternative energy source on Island. I think for years, we were waiting for other hosts for this Hydro-Fueling Station, which really delayed seer after year. And it has been 10 years in the making, as we were waiting for this to finally happen. And ground breaking had occurred. The buildings are up. The electrolyzer is in place. And so now it's a matter of just going through the final phases of testing to make sure that everything's connected up correctly. And then all we need there are the buses to be brought on over so we can start running them. It's kind of ironic too that Mitch works so hard for that electrolyzer to be built at Pune Geothermal. And if it had been, we'd have been at a stopping point again, it was built there. But it's being built out at Nelha over on the Kona side, which meant the Alley on Bus route changed a little bit. But it'll at least be running out there because the Hydrogen Center protected area, it's going to be good to go. Yeah, and I think that I'm glad that that decision was finally made to put it up at Nelha in West Hawaii. Although it's not ideal, it is in the ground. We are ready to go on that. And I'm hoping that as we move forward on that project and expand that project a little bit more then other dreams of having an airport shuttle service provided by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles running in the Kona airport. Also, you're making available, at some point, hydrogen fuel cell rental vehicles for the driving public to kind of get used to and familiar with hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and realize that it's just like driving a very gas-suming car. And that's a great way to pitch it to the rental car companies because a lot of people, even local people, will go to the rental car and rent a car they're thinking about buying. You know what I mean? So if you're curious about hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, one of the best places to go and check it out and not just drive it down the street in a dealer, but really put it through its paces is to go rent it for a weekend on the big island and go drive around and see what it's like going up the hills and everything. So it's a great way to check out a vehicle like that. Definitely. I think that if you're given that opportunity to test drive it, especially on the big island with all of the different conditions that you can face, it will provide you with a very good idea about the capabilities of the vehicle R and the fact that it can meet and exceed many of the exceptions or the expectations that you may have for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Well, I think you're lucky too that on the big island you've got a lot of high-speed cheerleaders for hydrogen already built in between Blue Planet being there. Chauncey and the guys at DOT, airports in Kona are probably the biggest hydrogen fans in all of state DOT that I've ever found anyway. And they would love to see. They've already got roads designated where the vehicles are going to go. I mean, they're leaning so far forward that Ford had to pull them back a couple of years ago to say not right yet. But there's a lot of enthusiasm for hydrogen on the big island. So we're looking forward to seeing some of these projects pick up. But if you could paint a picture of the big island like 10 years from now, what would it look like with hydrogen? I think if I could paint a picture very early on, we looked at what the needs really would be for the big island. And I think that what we came up with was an idea that if we had five stations strategically placed around the island, then you could easily make it around the island to any point that you wanted to and not have to worry about whether or not you were going to run out of gas, so to speak. And I think ideally, if we could see those five stations realized around the island, I think we saw one in West Tawai, one in East Tawai, one in the Kamuela area, Ben Kona, one down in Ka'u, and something in between to allow for it getting around the island, that would more than meet the feeling needs of a person who wanted to go anywhere around the island. You're with the projected range of about 312 miles. There's nowhere on the island you couldn't go. We don't have four-wheel drive who sell vehicles yet, but that's something that we'll be hoping for one day. But in the meanwhile, as far as highway driving is going, I think if we had five stations around the island, then you could more than satisfy the driving public. If you want to look at a really cool four-wheel drive tactical type vehicle, there's a company called Nicola Motors. And they are specializing in 18-wheeler trucks, but they also have a quad. And the folks who own that company, the patriarch, has a place on Maui, and they're going to bring that vehicle over to Hawaii sometime, and we'll make sure you get a look at that thing. It's got a lot of horsepower, and it would be just awesome off-road. But I was thinking that when I went to Servco this week with you at that opening ceremony, one thing that really impressed me and surprised me was their advertising that that Mariah will get 300 to 312 miles on a fill-up of hydrogen. But some of the folks there, now that their station has been up and they've been actually driving the cars and using the hydrogen at the station, they've been tracking the mileage. And they're predicting that they're going to get closer to 350, maybe even 400 miles on a fill-up. So it's actually getting better mileage than they anticipated, which is not uncommon, because a lot of times when the engineers predict what the ranges are going to be, they use real conservative numbers. So I'm really excited that the cars are actually getting better range than they initially predicted. And I think that's going to, if it keeps consistently doing that, it's going to be a real selling point for those vehicles, I'm sure. Well, I think the upside for most people, especially given a lot of the freeway traffic that you get here on Oahu is that when your gas is off the accelerator, you're not burning anything. So there's not even an idling of gas being wasted. So I think that the fuel cell offers all of those great options. Your exhaust is water, so you're not adding to any pollution. Right now, if we electrolyze that water using solar energy, then it's a totally carbon-free process. And so that, I think, is really what is exciting. The fact that we can make, that we have all of the resources locally to make our own hydrogen here is also, to me, a really big game changer because of the fact that I think our biggest import from Hawaii is money. The money that we use to pay for fossil fuels that we're bringing in. And so if we can make our own energy source here, that money stays right here in our economy. That's the whole point. And I've said this many, many times from day one. People really don't understand the impact of spending money to buy fossil fuels. The impact to our local economy is gigantic. And I've tried to get Mr. Brubaker, one of our state's economists, or Eugene from D-Bed, our economist there, to help me articulate it the right way in numbers. And I can't quite get them there. But it's just got to be phenomenal. If all that money stayed in the state and went into producing our own hydrogen and making jobs here and then people are paying taxes and buying houses and buying goods, now it's like turbo charging your economy to go from an energy importing economy to an energy neutral or maybe even energy exporting. I mean, truly, we have a lot more energy available to us than we can use. The problem is here in Oahu, we have more use than production. But we're the bad boys on the market. Maui and the Big Island, they can produce a lot more energy than they need big time by multiples. And they could even be exporting energy to Honolulu or exporting it to California to Asia if they really wanted to. So there's an opportunity for that. We're going to take a quick break here, a little bit early maybe, and get back with Rep Nakashima and maybe talk a little bit about how hydrogen can be used on the grid on the Big Island. And Aloha. My name is Calvin Griffin, the host of Hawaii Uniform. And every Friday at 11 o'clock here on Think Tech Hawaii, we bring in the latest in what's happening within the military community. And we also invite all of your response to things that's happening here. For those of you who haven't seen the program before, again, we invite your participation. We're here to give information, not disinformation. And we always enjoy a response from the public. But join us here, Hawaii Uniform, Fridays, 11 a.m., here on Think Tech Hawaii. Aloha. My name is Andrea Gabrieli. I'm the host for Young Talent's Making Way here on Think Tech Hawaii. We talk every Tuesday at 11 a.m. about things that matter to tech, matter to science, to the people of Hawaii with some extraordinary guests, the students of our schools who are participating in science fair. So Young Talent's Making Way every Tuesday at 11 a.m., only on Think Tech Hawaii. Mahalo. Hey, welcome back to Stand the Energy Man on my lunch hour here at Think Tech Hawaii on Friday the 13th. And Rep Nakashima, great to have you on board here. We've been talking hydrogen for at least five years. You've been talking a lot longer than me, but that's when I started talking to you about it. But let's talk a little bit about what Helco might look at.  When it's up and running, I think you put out about 20% of the power when it's running. About 30%. 30%. And then you also have hydroelectric, which is also renewable. So you have two forms of renewable energy there that aren't intermittent renewable. They're not solar and wind. So they're much better for your utility to have to work with in terms of stabilizing your grid. So it's much more of their traditional power generation that they're used to dealing with. So you have the luxury of being renewable without being intermittent renewable and can go much further than Hawaiian Electric here on Oahu can with renewable energy because you have the geothermal and you have hydroelectric, too. I remember going to visit Richard Haas' farm with you a long time ago, and he had his own little hydroelectric plant right off on his farm. Then I forget how much it put out, but he could probably provide a whole neighborhood power just off of that little hydroelectric thing. And he didn't even need to get a special permit because he was using the old sugar flumes, right? I think the only permit he had to get was to discharge the same water he just took out back into the stream and that was it. And that's the kind of stuff that you're, that's available to you on the big island. But in terms of energy storage, last week and I think a couple of weeks ago, I showed a graph and I do whenever I brief this stuff that battery storage on the grid starts to hit a wall when you get to a real high kilowatts or you get to a long generation. And so we do talk about hydrogen for energy storage on the grid. Have you been talking to Helco about that possibility on the big island? I have not spoken to Helco per se about the use of hydrogen fuel cells or the storage of hydrogen. However, a couple of years ago, and I did make an effort as I was trying to kickstart this hydrogen economy to go to different alternative energy folks on the big island. I went to the folks that have the windmills up in Narkohala. I went to the folks that were doing the hydroelectric and talked to them about the possibility of making hydrogen using the electrolysis 24-7 whenever they had the power, storing that hydrogen and then using that as your fuel source to provide the electricity back into the grid. And then you convert this intermittent power to a base power because now you have a source of your energy, which is the hydrogen. You control it, it's not dependent on whether the wind is blowing or whether the sun is up and you burn it when you want to. So it becomes a good source of base power. You turn solar energy and wind energy into a base power, base load power in that way. And I think the fluctuations in the price of gas you have kind of really determined whether or not that becomes something economically feasible or not. And so when we were in 2009, 2010 and the price of gasoline was headed toward four dollars, everybody was going to go nuts. And they were looking for many alternatives. When the price went down, that pressure kind of went away but I think that it's already back at four dollars again now. So next time it's going to go to six dollars and then we'll be spurred again to look at these alternatives. I think that we should do that now before it gets to six dollars because once you get there, it's already too late. Yeah, one of my theories in life is you don't want to be looking for a lawyer or a doctor when you need one. You want to do that ahead of time so that when you need one, you already know who you're going to go to. Exactly. And I think it's the same with hydrogen. We shouldn't be sitting in here putting that off, putting it off and then waiting until gas is at six, 50 a gallon or $7 a gallon and screaming and then saying, well, we could have built the infrastructure and had hydrogen available but we didn't want to do it back when gas was $4 a gallon. So we need to be working on that now. I agree with you wholeheartedly. And I think that's a good challenge for this legislature. What are some of the things we think we can do this legislative session coming up? We have time now to maybe help modify some of the old statutes or maybe introduce some of the statutes. What are some of the things you think we should be working on this session? Well, I think that one of the things that we do need to look at is to look at our procurement laws. Right now the procurement law treats hydrogen fuel cell vehicles differently from other electric vehicles. And so one of the things that I think is important is that we erase that distinction and say you realize that a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is an electric vehicle. And kind of move forward from there. Other things I think we need to look at is again going back to our state needs and the state infrastructure. The hydrogen fuel cell platform really is much more practical when you use it on large vehicles like buses. And so if we can turn some of our bus fleet not only at the municipal level but at the state level, you're at the airports and if we can turn our bus fleets into hydrogen fuel cell vehicles then that's a much very practical use of the hydrogen fuel cell technology to promote it to make people realize that it's here around us and that it does work. Well, you know, I mean, I know you know that Ford Fujigami moved up from DOT director up to the governor's office as a special advisor. But he started a test program out at the airport with the airport shuttles, the rental car shuttles. And this September, Hawaiian Electric, Kauai Gas and HCAT in partnership with US Hybrid are bringing out alternative fuel vehicles to run in that program. So Hawaiian Electric is going to run electric vehicle, Hawaii Gas is going to run a natural gas vehicle and HCAT, US Hybrid are going to run a fuel cell vehicle. And we're in the final stages of meeting that contract to vehicles start arriving in the middle of next month and getting all their wraps on and their safety checks and their PUC certifications and all that stuff and get the driver training in and one September, those vehicles are supposed to start rolling. So hats off to Ford for his efforts. And I know for a fact, after talking to the governor on Wednesday, cause he was at that ceremony too, he's excited and he's also a pretty good hydrogen cheerleader, I think. He always smiles when he sees me and amazes me. He remembers my name cause he meets so many people. I don't see him very often, but he still knows who I am. Oh yeah, the governor is very much a techie. And I think that the times that I've seen him most excited is when he's talking about the advances in technology and opportunities that are offered to the state of Hawaii when we look at the different types of technology. And so I think that the fact that we're having this demonstration at the airport is key as we look forward to what platforms are available to us, how they work out in the real world and then how we might employ them into the future. Yeah, and I think it's all of those things, the governor's excitement, the standing up of the station by CERVCO, the initiatives that you've made, push forward and the laws that Hawaii has brought on board to push hydrogen into the forefront. It's starting to pay off because on the average, once a week, I ended up talking to some international company or some mainland company that has hydrogen equipment or fuel, I mean, and these are little companies. One of them was Show Oil, that was about three weeks ago, and Hitachi who's doing some innovative work with hydrogen from aerobic digesters with, I mean you think Hitachi, they're working with industrial waste products from wastewater treatment plants to make energy. These companies call us and say, can you put me in contact with some folks out in Hawaii because we're interested in becoming involved in this? Even Department of Energy has listed us as one of the top 10 states in the US to work with hydrogen. In fact, when I talked to them personally, they say right behind California, we're number two. It's nice to see Hawaii in the top two, especially in hydrogen, so I know a lot of that credit has to go to you, you've been pushing that bubble a lot longer than I have and I appreciate it. But we've got about 30 seconds left, do you have any great last words for the folks here? Well, I think that the opportunity that, the opportunity has been a long time coming and one of the things I wanna do is make sure that we don't squander this opportunity, that we make use of the fact that Hawaii's gonna be one of the first markets that has a hydrogen fuel so vehicle available. And I'm looking forward to hopefully being one of the first owners of a fuel cell vehicle once the Marae becomes available. Available, available, not only on the big island, but the first sales actually happened here on Oahu. I'd be looking forward to all of that and I think that all of those things are very exciting and I hope that this is just the beginning of good things to come. I agree. Well, thanks for joining us again today, Rip. And now that you've moved up the food chain and the legislature, we're looking for even more horsepower up there. Thanks everyone for joining us this week and thanks to Cindy and Robert here in the studios for making all the magic happen. We'll see you next week, Friday on the Stand the Energy Man, Allah.


Hello, everyone. I'm sure everyone can hear me now. And my name is Neil Gomp. I'm a KD SIG member. I'm here to tell you about Fedora's journey to Wayland with KD Plasma. So let's see. Before we get started, I wanted to just talk a little bit about myself just real briefly. I'm an open source advocate. I'm a contributor and package maintainer in Fedora, open SUSE, MAGIA, and OpenMendriva, as well as a number of other distributions, but those are the most notable. I'm a member of the Fedora Engineering Steering Committee, and I'm a member of the Open SUSE board. Professionally, I'm a senior DevOps engineer at Datto, who's kindly also a sponsor of this lovely event. I'm a developer and maintainer of package, build, and release pipelines using the OpenBuild service, and I'm a packager and back porter.  So that out of the way. Let's talk a little bit about Fedora KDE. So Fedora KDE slide should show up about now, right? In theory. So Fedora KDE is a special interest group. It packages and maintains the cute stack of the KDE software ecosystem for Fedora, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux starting with RAL8. We produce the KDE Plasma Spin, which is the main deliverable of the KDE SIG, and it offers a curated experience to showcase KDE technologies on the Fedora Linux platform. I'm not sure why it lags so much between me pressing the button and the slide changing. That's interesting. So we're here to talk about Wayland and KDE Plasma, but before we kind of do that, we should go over some basics here. Wayland the protocol. So it's not quite the replacement for the X11 protocol. It's intentionally designed to be quite different. It restructures the graphics stack to simplify the pipeline. You know, as I like to say it from program to pixel.  So it prioritizes minimizing latency and context switches for rendering graphics and provides a framework to easily layer more capabilities as protocol extensions. The very core Wayland protocol actually doesn't do a lot in order to have a functional Wayland based desktop environment, whether it be a simple window manager like Sway, or a full blown desktop environment like KDE Plasma. So you need a number of extensions that protocol extensions to support various functionality that these environments require. And the reason for that is so that the process in which all these things are done are well defined and able to be secured because these extensions also means that you understand like how these things are being done and it's very straightforward and standardized. This is in contrast with how things are done in the X world, where you wind up seeing a lot of different approaches for doing the same thing kind of based on architecture and lack either with full knowledge or lack of knowledge of how the stack is supposed to work. And actually, that causes a lot of problems when they're moving from X to Wayland because there may be impedance mismatches.  And a lot of people will say something about, you know, Wayland the server maybe like they'll think of it like as if they're it's a thing similar to X 11 but it's not exactly a thing so unlike with X 11. It doesn't separate the desktop window management service which you know you either call a window manager or composite or a desktop compositor from the desktop rendering service which is the X server. These two are merged into one which Wayland terms the compositor it directly interfaces with the hardware through the direct rendering manager in the kernel along using things like kernel mode setting and stuff like that. The compositors are part of the desktop platform rather than separately developed so generally speaking you tend to see that, you know, for a desktop environment or user experience that is graphical. The compositor is actually essentially part of the experience as a whole is developed together with it. So there's, you know, pluses and minuses do it but the main advantage here is that you can build a very tightly integrated experience where you have a seamless pipeline, again from program to pixel, where everything understands how it's going to work and that and the way that things actually happen in your desktop are reliable and and performant. So, Wayland on Katie plasma is done using the Quinn, Katie window manager, which is the compositor used in in Katie plasma there is a fork of Quinn base called Quinn FT. It's basically like gutted everything and, and built it on the WL roots library for building Wayland compositors. But ignoring that for a little bit with Quinn, which is what we use in fedora Quinn, essentially interfaces with the plasma shell environment to directly orchestrate how the desktop manages the graphical environment. And this architecture is in contrast with GNOME which has a library lib mutter that is pulled into GNOME shell, which makes it a unified process for GNOME. There is an advantage here and that the unified process makes it simpler for carrying data between these things because there's no IPC involved. Sorry, inter process communication, otherwise known as IPC. There's no IPC involved, but it does make it less reliable because in the event that something goes wrong at the compositor code, your whole desktop session goes down. The Katie plasma implementation of this implements a level of separation that allows for the compositor to to gracefully fail and restart without completely taking down your session and all your applications. A complaint that a lot of people I hear talk about with Wayland is that, you know, if the Wayland compositor dies, everything goes with it. This is actually not a requirement. This is more how the desktop or the wind advantage or whatever environment tends to implement this. So GNOME, sway and a lot of others, they tend to do this single process model where there is no recovery mechanism for when, when it fails. But in Katie plasma, because of the architecture between Quinn and plasma shell, you don't tend to you can actually recover from a failure without taking everything down with it. So we should go on to Wayland then right. So onward and upward, onward and upward, as I said, and that means, you know, making the changes so I switched plasma workspace. But by default with Fedora Linux 34 and we switch Quinn as well. That seems like it should be enough. I assume right like that's what the change said so it says we're done now right. Well, exactly, not quite it's not exactly done here. So those were the basic changes to start having the desktop environment preferred but as it turns out there was some work to be done. So SDDM, the simple desktop display manager is the login manager. Front end creator such that is used with Katie plasma desktop, unlike the rest of Katie plasma this is actually not part of the Katie project and this separate project, but it needed some work done to like make the wayland thing go properly. So the first thing to do was to make it so that preferred Wayland sessions over X 11 ones. If Wayland and X 11 are installed in the same system, we should select Wayland first. Easy peasy. But then there were some other issues like we discovered that the shell isn't getting correctly set so if you used an alternative shell on your desktop environment like I did, I use fish and my desktop. So running in Wayland it just didn't do it. It just sort of said, you know, and whatever, but that's not great. And having bash always even when you don't want it is not what anyone particularly likes. It took a while to figure this out. Embarrassing long while to figure this out but went through finally figured it out and fixed it.  And they discovered at some point that Anaconda just kind of refused to start in the Wayland session.  I eventually filed a bug report with Katie upstream and they were super prompt and found a fix and I back ported it. And we got Anaconda working. So we're good now right like right right we're good. Everything should be great like we have the installer working we've got, you know, the sessions are preferred it will boot up it like loads the desktop looks great fixes coming in for 521 that were like super Wayland focused. Well, not exactly. Like, there was a last minute bug of doom and this last minute bug. As I say last minute, I kind of mean this. This bug showed up one day before, before the final before Fedora limits 34 is GA, and it was a doozy. Basically, the desktop didn't load when you were running in basic graphics mode like so if you and if it turned out like kernel mode setting wasn't working or like you were on the Nvidia driver. You're in the hardware and the and you need to go back to basic graphics mode like your Wayland session would just basically be stuck. It wouldn't load turns out in a Wayland environment, you actually need kernel mode setting. And while it is while Katie plasma does have a fallback mode using the frame buffer device, so called FB dev mode. It doesn't work. And nobody's entirely sure why it doesn't work, but we also all know that FB dev in the links kernel has been deprecated for like a decade. And so we really don't want to go there. So we didn't. Instead, I sort of hacked in support into SDDM for automatically disabling the Wayland session when you don't have the ability to use kernel mode setting. So that's what happened and then I made the changes to SDDM so we added a patched SDDM that is downstream in fedora that basically checks to see if no mode set is if there's a flag file on disk and if that flag file exists. Hide all the Wayland sessions just don't process them and don't show them up. And then, and then after that, I had to make sure that the Udev rule that we used actually worked. So we made the Udev rule that actually generates this file to fire whenever the no mode set command line option is passed to the kernel, which covers the wide gamut of cases where this could be a problem. But we weren't exactly done yet because well we did fix it for the installed system but we still didn't have the live environment done so the last bit to actually, you know, fix this bug of doom to so that we could release fedora Linux 34 was to implement that logic into our horrifyingly large weird script that actually is used to boot the live environment. It's called live sys and live sys late. And basically we had to like inspect the kernel parameters and like generate the file manually the same way that you would with the Udev rule, except we had to do it during live sys because that's how that had to work. And in the end, we actually did make it we we leaped into the future. And now Katie plasma runs with wayland by default, rather than the legacy excellent session with all the caveats that I mentioned earlier, right like there's, we still can't do it with no mode set we still can't do it with We still, while it does kind of work with Nvidia, my understanding is that multi monitor is kind of broken. That is supposed to change. As there are improvements coming down the pipe from upstream in Mesa, and in the Nvidia driver. That'll hopefully land within fedora Linux 35 timeline so I'm crossing my fingers and hoping that that'll actually come because that'll make things. So much easier. But this gives us a ton of benefits we get smoother graphics greater performance and lower resource usage. Like I clocked it and actually checked in the on my computer. So I'm not saying that everyone will see this but at least on my computer. The, the wayland session is a full 120 megs of RAM, lower than the X 11 one. And that's fantastic, like that's a lot more free round to be able to do other things. And the plasma session itself is with Quinn and all that stuff is, according to the C group where it all starts in with plasma system monitor. The total, very neat, actually does a good job of like showing you how much resource usage you have the total amount doesn't really exceed 200 megabytes of RAM when idle, which is impressive for such a featureful desktop environment using I have never seen that on another desktop environment running at all, whether X or wayland with the kind of services that have to run in the background to support a full desktop environment. My laptop that runs fedora workstation, you know, I have one that does. And it's almost like more than two or three times as much RAM for just the idle basic desktop environment. The fact that Katie plasma is so small is amazing. And like it's, it's really, really good. So what's coming in the future for this like obviously the basic stuff is done and we've got all these caveats and things. So what are what are we planning to do next to kind of, you know, make things better. So on the bucket list, I have SDL one being replaced with the compact library SDL one to compact, which shims SDL one applications to use SDL two. That's landing with the door Linux 35 that that's coming now it's already done the works been implemented. This gets us onto a more more modern code path and gets us to being able to get better performance for games, even in a wayland environment, even running on X, even when the games are ex wayland. It's going to be SDL two preferring wayland native by default as opposed to running an ex wayland. That's going to come either in fedora Linux 35 or 36 this sort of depends on how things kind of hash out with the upstream wayland protocols and stuff. It may not even arrive like in GA it may arrive as a post GA update with the next version of SDL. And there's been a ton of improvements and a lot of focus on improving wayland support in SDL upstream and there's been a lot of great work working with the folks at at GNOME working on live decor to get, you know, the client side decorators and versus service side decorator problem sorted out for GNOME for games with SDL. And we're basically all go except for there's like a wayland protocol extension that needs to be implemented. And there's some bugs within video that hopefully will be resolved in the near future to make it so that SDL upstream will choose to prefer it. We may do it earlier because of what our support matrix is a bit smaller than than SDL upstream, but we'll see I'm, I'm keeping a close eye on that and and we'll hopefully have some further news to share there. So SDDM using wayland is something that I'm targeting kind of for door Linux 36, maybe a little bit later it sort of depends. This is kind of contingent on SDDM next release coming up sooner rather than later. And also some patches that are our downstream SDDM that are SDDM package has that we need to clean up, we need to figure out and and and do stuff around that upstream SDDM recently game support for running in a wayland reader right now what actually happens we start an X session, just for SDDM and we throw it away when we're done to load the plasma desktop. We want to get rid of that that slims things down simplifies the pipeline and let's us do fancy things like, you know, direct fadens like all kinds of cool stuff smoothness. And of course further improvements in the wayland experience in collaboration with the Katie community there. I am pretty much regularly giving feedback to Katie upstream about the sort of stuff, seeing what I'm doing file bug reports, you know I know racks and and Jan gruelik are both like working hard with me on this to try to make this work so we have a fantastic experience. And I'm just super excited about where things are going to go because with this with this work that we've done upstream for and to make wayland like something that is really in great shape in Katie plasma and showing that off in fedora first it, it brings us to the forefront in the Katie community brings us up to the forefront for the Linux community, and we're driving innovation forward and making the best Linux desktop experience that I think we could ever give. And I am really, really looking forward to making it even better. So, you know, if any of this stuff excites you of course, come and join us.  We have our issue tracker on Pagora oh got a mailing list, our matrix room, and our IRC channel. Most of us are actually in the matrix room and our IRC channel is bridged into the matrix room. And of course if you're more of the async type the issue tracker in the mailing list are great ways to collaborate with us. So, any questions from anyone. I know I kind of went a little bit fast but I wanted to give a lot of time for people to, to ask me about details and stuff because I think this is this is the good stuff. And, and frankly this is I, you know, I want to give a lot of thanks to the Katie community you've been really helpful with making this happen and it's just been such a solid experience and Katie Plasmon Wayland is so good. Okay, I don't see any questions in the thing let's go look at the chat. So, someone's asking do I believe Nvidia will support Wayland fully at all. Yes, I do. I am surprisingly optimistic about this which is weird for me because I don't really like Nvidia very much. So some context here, the, the folks at Nvidia have been contributing to Mesa lately over the past like six, eight months they've also done some work on ex Wayland itself. And this is something I want to congratulate the folks at the Red Hat desktop team because they've been working really closely with the folks at Nvidia to make this a make this possible and they're they're working really hard and I think that they are going to because one of the things that they changed was one of the things that they changed recently was that they added to Mesa the ability to use alternate back ends for GBM. For some context here GBM is the generic buffer manager I think is what it's called. And this is the this is the underlying mechanism that is used by all of the graphics drivers except for Nvidia for for handling buffering graphics requests pipeline shaders and stuff and passing into the GPU and doing stuff. Nvidia uses EGL directly through the technique called EGL streams, and this is incompatible with GBM. And the consequence of this is that for compositors to support Nvidia properly. They have to do the work to support to code paths for this and EGL streams isn't exactly well adapted for all the cases that GBM actually handles and thus Wayland requires. And for a long time it looked like Nvidia was never going to do anything about it but this year, they did work upstream to make it so that they could add their Nvidia drivers a back end for GBM. And they did a bunch of work to support x Wayland hardware accelerated rendering. So what it looks like is that we're going to see the Nvidia driver updated to have a GBM driver module that will plug into Mesa and it will get auto selected and there are other benefits to this I don't fully understand everything that's going on with it but like from the best I can gather with what limited knowledge I have of the stack, you know with the way that this architecture works it's also becomes possible to smoothly handle the graphics as part of it like you can do Mac OS style smooth like this application needs to run with the dedicated GPU so transparently switch the desktop over, and we can do this as a very minimal copy and write operation into the memory into the GPU memory because between the two GPUs we can seamlessly switch back and forth with no flickering. That's the kind of stuff that these improvements will bring to the table like we've already had this for a while with AMD and Intel, and having this with Intel or AMD with Nvidia is going to be stellar and it'll be something that I don't even think I'm not sure, but I don't think Windows can do this. And so that's going to be really a game changer for a high quality desktop experience. So, someone mentions in the Q&A I think this is a comment and a question. Oh yeah, Katie is a spin. I think it's the only one that spin that blocks the release. Yes, so this is a spin that blocks the release which essentially gives it the same kind of QA attention and quality transition. And the second part of this, are there any plans to give it more visibility and to stop being called the GNOME flag distro? Well, I want to. This is something I've had a conversation with Fedora Council about. We are trying to become more prominent in this. We actually sponsored Academy earlier this year at the highest tier. And I am so happy to see that this year's Nest, we have so many KDE centric talks. It shows that there are people really excited about KDE technology in the Fedora community, and I think it's just fantastic. I don't think we'll stop being called the GNOME flagship distro, but I would like to also be known as the KDE Plasma Flagship Distro. Being the flagship distribution for both is not a bad thing. That's a great thing. So yeah, like, I absolutely think that's going to be fantastic. So another person's asking, when will it be available for REL? And Troy Dawson actually replies in here. It should be an Apple 9 haven't tested in CentOS Stream 8, REL 8.5. So I have actually tested in REL 8.5. So it will be available for REL because it will be available with REL 8.5. Most of the stuff that I did is actually included as part of our rebase to Plasma 522, and Plasma 522 is going to be an Apple with the REL 8.5 release. It is not perfectly functioning right now, and my understanding is that we are going to work with the Red Hat folks to get the necessary backports for the LibWailin components to the REL.5. So expect to see a lot of this coming in the near future, like this fall. So we're going to talk about this in detail, but we're going to put a lot more attention on supporting REL than we have in the past, and that includes having a fresher KD experience. And if you're interested in that, please attend the talk about that. That's I think tomorrow, or it might be Saturday. I don't actually remember, but it's on the schedule. So someone asks, how are the integration of GTK apps on KDE Plasma? They're pretty good. So we went with a, okay, so Troy Dawson actually mentions it's Saturday, the KD and Apple talk. Going back to what I was actually asking is saying how is the integration of GTK apps on KDE? It's about as good as it's going to get. So we use, because Fedora naturally has to ship a fair number of GTK applications, we make sure that the GTK experience isn't terrible. So it looks, it looks fairly good. It renders fine and stuff and the, we have mostly fixed the bugs that were related to GTK and Qt application interoperability on Wayland. So that's all settled and sorted. The X Wayland to Wayland clipboard stuff is mostly sorted out. There's still glitches here and there, but should be mostly fine. For GTK applications, the main thing is that the styling is I think for some reason we're still defaulting to Adwaita, even though we've told it to use Breeze, but Breeze is there and whatever. We use the Breeze Twilight theme to make it explicitly so that GTK applications don't look ugly. Because when you use the Plasma Dark theme, GTK looks, GTK applications look like crap, especially GNOME ones where the theming is just broken. It doesn't flip the text colors correctly. So the dark on dark, it's just unreadable, that sort of thing. So with the Breeze Twilight setup that we have now, that's all fine. Everything looks great and we have a, and the GTK applications and the KDE Plasma applications read and render perfectly fine. Let's see. Any other questions or comments? Okay, someone says, my main, their main issue with Plasma Wayland is the absence of session support. Could you clarify what you mean by that? Because I'm not sure what you mean by session support. Session management. Rex, does this person mean like fast user switching and multi-session management? Is that what they're referring to? Because otherwise I'm not sure, because the KDE Plasma session works, it runs. Oh, that! All right, so the remembering, so to clarify this means remembering where windows are placed when you log out and log back in. So this is, so this is actually the code has been written. It's done. The Wayland protocol for this is called XDG activation that's been approved and implemented in Quinn for Plasma 5.23. So when we upgrade to Plasma 5.23 sometime in early November, I think is when we plan to do it, we will have that feature back. Because the reason why it didn't work was that there just basically wasn't an implementation for it. Like there was there was no code to like be able to provide that privileged operation to do that. The way it worked before in KDE Plasma was with the X session is that they basically monitored all of it and it basically logged where the applications were. And so that was done and now we have that stage and it's going to come with Plasma 5.23 in the fall. Oh, look, there's more questions. Oh, this is the session support Plasma Wayland. Yeah. So the person that asked this just to reiterate Plasma 5.23 coming this fall to Fedora Linux 35 and I think we're going to do also 34. Rex, correct me if I'm wrong, but I think when Plasma 5.23 releases, we will backport it also to Fedora Linux 34 because I don't know why we wouldn't. Yeah. Yeah, so Rex confirms. Yeah, we'll have it. So for Christmas or Thanksgiving, more accurately probably in time for the US Thanksgiving. So someone asks, do you think, do I think that X Wayland will become a drop in replacement of XOR? It already has. So a couple of things, a couple of the factors for this is that with XOR with X11 as a whole. The XOR implementation, which is the descendant of the X386 server, the one that has all the device dependent drivers and all that stuff for running X directly talked to hardware, all that stuff is effectively deprecated. So there is no expectation that there's going to be any real major further development or further releases within the next couple of years. And the Red Hat desktop team who has been maintaining it for the past decade and a half is set to pretty much stop doing this by the end of the 2008 lifecycle, which is in 2028 or 2029 rather. So anyway, because it's really going to go away in that timeframe, you know, getting up to speed and ramping up into a Wayland world was very important.  In KDE Plasmus case, X Wayland is for 99% of users pretty much at the point where it functions the same way that you'd get effectively the same experiences you would if you were running X11 natively. So if you're using pro-server applications that tended to do fancy tricks and stuff or they need hardware acceleration in the application, even with NVIDIA that is now working out of the box and NVIDIA has done a fantastic job in the KDE community to make sure that their stuff is working. So there's been a lot of effort in the larger gaming community around KDE Plasma because Valve has selected KDE Plasma as the foundation of the desktop technologies that are used for the Steam OS 3.0 that's going to ship on the Steam Deck. So, you know, I fully expect that to be a stellar experience. And the rumblings I've heard though I don't have confirmed confirmation yet is that Steam Deck will actually ship with KDE Plasma running Wayland because that gives them the best performance. And I actually game on KDE Plasma on Wayland. That was one of the original motivators for me to switch KDE Plasma to Wayland because I noticed that the frame rates were like 30% higher on one of my laptops with Wayland over X. Someone's asking, does that mean new NVIDIA cards or does that include relatively old ones? C cards released in 2018-2019. So, the X-Wayland hardware acceleration stuff was included in the NVIDIA 470 driver series. That's the driver series you need to get the X-Wayland hardware acceleration. I am crossing my fingers and hoping, though I do not know for sure, because again, don't work for NVIDIA. I don't know anything about them. Though the actual GPM enablement will also be in the 470 series, I'm not sure it will be. It may not be because it's a significant refactor for how the driver works, so that might be a new driver series. The problem then is that a lot of the older cards, like I think 2016 or 2017 or older may actually kick the bucket or 2015 or older. I don't know. I'm not too familiar with how the NVIDIA hardware versioning works, but I would assume that the next driver series that includes the full Wayland enablement will actually also include this in there, so it may be fine. But note, even today, you can use NVIDIA with Wayland with EGL streams on plasma. You'll have to go through some efforts to turn it on, and there's glitches with multi-monitor, pretty annoying ones actually. But it works, and X-Wayland hardware acceleration will work in that environment too. Let's see, questions. So someone's asking, are there any tiling extensions for Quinn on Wayland? So I don't actually like tiling, so I don't know too much about this. I know about Cronkite, which is the Quinn extension for tiling in plasma. Honestly, I kind of wish they would just build in the Papua style automatic tiling into Quinn itself, because that would be fantastic, and it really doesn't need to be an extension. And being able to have it in there and then configure key bindings for it would be a major step up. So I would personally like to see that, even though I'm not much of a tiling person, I like some of the tiling bits, so it'd be nice to have some of that workflow available in there out of the box. So someone's mentioning something about FreeSync for AMD cards is only supported on Wayland. If you have different screens with refresh rates, yes, that's true. So two things. Very high refresh rates are supported on KD Plasma Wayland. Different refresh rates per screen or display head or whatever terminology you want to use, that's also supported only on KD Plasma with Wayland. You want the best possible like high end experiences. Plasma Wayland is the way to go. Let's see, is there anything else from the chat or anyone else having anything to say? Oh, Joe, is this where a no user sits snugly with our fancy G2K problems? Funny. Eddie, I want to give KD another, you want to give KD. Yeah, if you, Eddie, if you find KD Plasma to be interesting, like, come along and try it again, like, we're always improving. And because we update KD Plasma continuously, like it's even in the Fedora stable releases, they're always improving. And, and yes, I am the person on Linux unplugged. Yes. Hi. Let's see, what else? I wonder, David, did I convince you to probably try KD Plasma as your main desktop? It's cool. Yeah, so I guess that's it. And I guess I'm going to give you all 10 minutes back because it doesn't seem like anybody else has anything else. Actually, you know what, let's add a little poll. Well, you try KD for a KD. And there we go. A little poll for funsies, you know, since everyone else loves doing polls during the sessions, I figured I might as well try it while we've got a couple of minutes here. Come in. And let's see how this goes.  No joke though, program manager was like the first graphical environment that I actually used on Windows 3.1. So, you know, if you use Fedora KD with X, someone's asking, what if you use KD with X, if you use KD with X, try Wayland again. Just, just try it. Someone has, oh sure. Someone has a question out of curiosity. Well, go ahead and ask it. We're here. So someone asked, why doesn't why KD doesn't recommend changing the window manager? Oh boy. All right. So in, so this requires some, some background context here. Same goes for no. So there's a bar some background context. All right. So, in the X 11 world, there is this, the separated parts of the rendering stack. So you have, you have your render server, which is the X server, then you have your, you have your window manager component, which actually does the drawing and of the window borders and things like that. And then sometimes you have a third piece, which is a compositor, which does hardware accelerated rendering of the stuff inside the window borders. Most modern desktop environments actually merge window manager with the compositor. So they're one piece in the Wayland world, we take all three pieces and merge them together. Now, the reason why both KD Plasma and GNOME do not recommend changing the window manager and actually in GNOME, you can't do it because if you do, you will break a whole bunch of things. The reason why that's the case is because there is a lot of privileged service interaction that are actually implemented in the window manager for the applications and various desktop services. So, for example, you have to use mutter to load GDM for login, and mutter is required for GNOME shell to run. All of that is tied in because mutter is a library, that's the window manager part, and the compositor part, and that's a library that's pulled in by the applications. So basically do IPC with each other to hand off buffers and screens and stuff in KD Plasma world. It's a little bit more loosely coupled. There is some swap ability but like any, anything you swap has to implement all of the private privileged operations between plasma shell and the compositor. And so today, you basically only have Quinn and Quinn FT which are actually both descended from the same code base.  They're making the compositor contain the privileged desktop APIs. And so like swapping them essentially says you're okay with breaking a whole bunch of the desktop services. Actually, someone Jeremy. Oh yeah so someone is saying a fair number of machines I use are running the UEFI frame buffer which basically happens with no mode set so those machines are still using KDX 11 because it doesn't work otherwise or it didn't month or so back. You're right it still doesn't work. So here's the thing. There is a light at the end of the tunnel. And I forgot to put this in my slides and I should have but like there's a light at the end of the tunnel. There's something called simple DRM which was added to Linux and 514. So the simple DRM driver essentially replaces the framework that is used for FB dev UEFI FB and all these sort of things that so that you have, it takes the UEFI frame buffer or from and change it changes it over to kernel mode setting so like the the visa FB UEFI FB. So these things, they, they basically map over to the simple DRM driver. And while simple DRM pretends to support all the different DRM API things will just they'll just like do the proper thing to silently quit or fail or like return the correct responses. But most importantly, since it's in the direct rendering manager framework. Since it supports kernel mode setting, even if the kernel mode setting just say we can't switch modes. But because it's kernel mode setting. Wayland works. And so I am crossing my fingers that we're going to have this in either Fedora Linux 30. Fedora Linux 35 36 or so, whenever, but I'd really, really, really like to have it back ported into rel 9. I'd really like to have this feature enabled in rel 9 because having that feature in rel 9 means I have the confidence to completely get rid of the x 11 session because gnome is also affected by this problem for gnome, you cannot run wayland at all without kernel mode setting. So it actually will just not start and it will auto fall back to x 11 with no mode setting. So we just copy that behavior. If we have kernel mode setting, even with the UEFI frame buffer, we're in fantastic shape. We are able to use wayland without any terrible, terrible hackery. Another thing to point out specifically KDE Plasmash, there is a frame FB dev mode for KDE Plasmash for Quinn. It doesn't work. I don't know why. If you want to spend any time like trying to figure out how to make that work be my guest. I just don't have a clue how to figure it out but if you're if you're skilled in figuring that out work with the KDE folks upstream. And if, if we can get that working that I'm happy to remove that the fallback anyway and just fall back to FB dev. But it just doesn't work, which is why it why I had to do this. I was not expecting to have to do that because I expected FB dev to work but it just doesn't and I don't know why. Wow, three people like program manager. But I do like seeing that there's there's a good chunk of people who will try Fedora KDE with wayland. I'm looking forward to seeing all those new folks, you know using KDE technologies on Fedora with wayland. I'm looking forward to seeing all those new folks here who are already doing it. Cool. Well, let's see. I think that's it. We're at, we're like a couple minutes to time and giving, and I don't really have anything else to say. Well, someone saying there's a long way for KDE to beat I3WM. Well, well I disagree. I think I think KDE Plasmash beat an I3 handily. Now if we were talking Sway, then there's a different story here. Carlos, best way to jump on the KDE, use the spin. The spin's better because then you get all the presets done and it loads up correctly. Oh, hello person who I definitely know, or I definitely do not know, depending on your point of view. Sounds appealing but unfortunately multi monitor supports kind of a deal breaker. If you are not using. So multi monitor support does work with everything but EGL streams and video right now. At least as of the last time I got a bug report about it. So the thing is, I don't actually have any Nvidia hardware myself to continually test this. My hardware is so old it actually only works with Nouveau. So everything works for me, because I'm using the open source driver. And even though it's dog slow, all features work including multi monitor. But if you have the hardware, you don't come by and test and I know that the KDE community folks would be having to get feedback. Yeah, so if you're using Intel I GP or AMD or whatever. All of this works out of the game. So you should be you should be in good shape to be able to try Katie plasma. And like if you do have issues, come by to the sick. We're on matrix. We have a mailing list. And we have weekly meetings on Mondays at 1700 UTC, which I believe is 1pm Eastern's daylight time. And actually, I should admit reword the statement. It is code in the meeting is actually set against Eastern day Eastern time so it floats right now it's at 1 it's at 1pm Eastern so whatever that is in UTC will change based on whether we're in DST or not. So, yeah, if you have issues or if you want to come chat with us and sometimes feel free to hop in onto it our meetings are every Monday they're open to the community. The notifications with the link to the meeting thing is sent to the Katie mailing list for Katie mailing list every Sunday. So you'll always get a reminder if you're subscribed to the mailing list. So, yeah, come by, give it a shot. Totally. And yeah, I totally want more visibility for for Katie. I am really hoping that we can do that more as with all the stuff that's going on. I'm excited I'm pumped. I think we're the we're doing way better than we ever have before, and we'll keep getting even better. There's only a couple minutes left and I definitely want to give people the opportunity to go go to other talks get like staged up and ready. So, thank you all for coming to my talk. I'm glad that you all excited and I'm looking forward to seeing more people coming on to the Katie community through Fedora Katie. See y'all. Bye.


The 2020 Census will help inform how billions of dollars get distributed every year, critical dollars for healthcare education and transportation, and we need an accurate count to make good decisions. So when you get your invitation to respond to the Census, please keep in mind how important it is to your community that you participate.


It's Alex and welcome back to my channel. If you guys are new here, make sure to subscribe today's video I'm going to be showing you all of my Minnie Mouse ears and I did one of these videos last year So if you haven't seen that I will link it down below in the description box in the past year I've gotten so many new pairs of Minnie Mouse ears Also, I'm just gonna plug in my Instagram right here if you guys aren't following me make sure to go ahead and do So it's pretty much it for this intro So let's just go ahead and get on into my collection the first two pairs of ears I'm going to show you are not by Disney. So I'm just gonna go ahead and get them out of the way But they are still part of my collection So I wanted to share them with you guys the first pair I got from Party City And they are just these plain mouse ears because I had a shirt that said I'm a mouse duh And I needed some ears so these are from Party City Then I have this pair of rose gold ears that I got from my YouTube friend Britt Renee here But I met her and she got me this really cute pair of rose gold ears when they were in style So thank you so much, Brittney and the rest of the ears I'm gonna show you come up from Disney Disney World Disneyland. They are on brand So I just wanted to kind of make that disclaimer before I get into my collection The first pair I'm gonna share with you guys are these silver ones and I love these They're really good to go with any outfit. They match anything and I've had these for quite a while So they're just the plain silver mouse ears Oh before I forget to mention Disney has changed their headband provider or something because they're finally making the ears Not so tight these used to give me such bad headaches that the new ones actually don't the next pair I'm gonna share with you guys are these classic mini ears And I actually have the original pair of mini ears that were like hard plastic But I have no idea where they are these are all sequins so you can see the sequin bow is pretty flimsy It's just fabric and sequin and this is what the back looks like the next pair I got from Disneyland and there are these cool little themed ears I have no idea what they're supposed to represent, but I really like them and I've had them for years I love them so much. They look like the ones that you can get from Etsy These little guys are near and dear to my heart because I got them in California I don't even know if they still sell these in the parks The next pair of ears are the ever famous rose gold ears And I got these when they first came out almost when they first came out and thank you mama for hunting these down If you guys didn't know one of my moms works at Disney and sometimes she works at Epcot in the DVC member lounge So she was on the hunt to get these and one of her co-workers told her where to find them So she went and got a pair. These are probably still my favorite ears out of my collection The next pair are the millennial pink ears. I really like these I wish the bow wasn't puffy like this, but I'm really happy I got these because I love the shade of pink They are and they just resemble millennial and pink. They're just super cute I love wearing them to the parks because they don't give me a headache. The next pair of ears are these Halloween themed ears I love them so much because of the little candy corn bow and it says I'm just here for the candy on the side They're very good themed ears and I can't wait to wear these next year when we go to the Halloween party The Halloween party is probably one of my favorites.  I don't know what it is about them But they are so good and I just love the colors the brown and the pink the little bite out of the ear Just like the ice cream bar. I know I'm looking at the viewfinder way too much in this video I'm sorry. The next pair aren't really ears, but it is my slinky dog headband I think these are adorable literally how to get it. The tail is probably the cutest little thing. It actually stretches I mean, come on like it's just so cute and this is probably one of my favorite rides at Disney now I just think the whole concept is really cute and the ride is good This is also probably one of my favorites because it doesn't give me a headache I love how I'm picking my favorites based on if it gives me a headache. Okay guys We're almost done, but these are just so freaking cute It is the bubblegum wall themed ears and if you guys don't know where the bubblegum wall is it is at EPCOT And it's at the exit of spaceship earth And as you guys can see the little ears are spaceship earth and the bow is themed after the bubblegum wall So I just think that these were really well done and I got these for Christmas this year So I'm really thankful for these also the headband is really loose and last but not least I have these really cool Purple ears apparently they're pretty rare in the parks But my mom picked these up because apparently a lot of people were buying them and they were probably sold out But she got these for me because she's like just in case this is like the rose gold ear thing I wanted you to have a pair. So she picked these up for me. They're really cool. They have this like holographic bow It's like kind of like an iridescent color and the purple sequins very nicely themed very clean And I just really like these that is going to be it for this video I hope you guys liked my ears collection of 2019 make sure to give this video a big thumbs up comment down below your favorite pair of ears And I'll see you guys in my next video. Bye


Good afternoon, everyone. I'll be speaking on behalf of, as you can see, a large team, our research team. It's a diverse team, which is a collaboration of people working in Ireland, in the university sector, in the public sector, and in the private consultancy sector. And we came together because we wanted to find out more about agricultural and environmental change in our age, Ireland. So the focus of this session is the our age in Roman, but we're going to cheat by bringing us slightly back to the late Bronze Age also, because we see very big changes in Ireland in the our age. So I think it's useful for us to think about the context in which they're happening and what's happening in the late Bronze Age in Ireland. So in Ireland, it's suggested, as we see in many parts of Europe, that you have a strong agricultural basis, and people sometimes suggest that's the basis for economic power and growth and social power and perhaps increasing complexity. And then certainly in the case of Ireland, which is perhaps different to other regions in Europe, in the our age, it's a much more mixed picture. So I'll be showing you how you often see in the literature stories of dark ages and downturns. And you have this talk about sometimes the invisible peoples of the our own age in Ireland. And what I'll be bringing you is new scientific data from excavations. So these are excavations that have been undertaken in Ireland, particularly over the last two decades. And we have lots of new environmental data from that. So that's what I'll be bringing you is mainly our cubitannical and zoological data. And in terms of the our cubitannical plant macro remains and also some pollen data. And then also the animal bone. And it's for this project that we all came together to work on settlement and landscape and later prehistoric Ireland, seeing beyond the site and funded by the Heritage Council in Ireland. And in this, we're looking at the Lake Bronze Age and the Iron Age in Ireland. So the Lake Bronze Age that takes for us in Ireland are 1200 to 800 BC. And then in the Iron Age, it's 800 BC. And as you can see, we don't have what we would call a Roman period in Ireland because there was never Roman occupation on the island of Ireland. Yes, there was lots of contact, but no full occupation. So our Iron Age stretches right up to AD 400. And in this, we'll be looking at farming strategies in this project and then broader landscape interactions. So in the Lake Bronze Age in Ireland, there have been several general reviews, but they're quite out of date, I think at this stage. There's no recent comprehensive overview of animals and plants in Ireland. And what we see in the existing surveys is there's significant variation in the strategies. And so for example, in the zoo archaeology, often cattle are dominant at many sites in terms of the animals. But there are some sites where you get pig are dominant, for example, Lockerr in County Limerick in the west of Ireland, other sites where you get sheep, such as Dunengas and Ireland off the west coast of Ireland. So there is variation in the strategies there. What people sometimes look to is objects and also so object to do with food. So I've shown you here that a very beautiful flesh hook from County Antrim. You can imagine someone going into their big old cauldron and fishing out their meat out of that. And these are indicators of the types of foods people are engaging with and creating. And also in terms of traction and transport. So things like withers that you might put on the shoulders of animals for plowing, and also wheels and tarnaces, all these kinds of things. In terms of archaeobotany, the general picture that we think it's suggested that barley is often dominant, but it's not very well known just how dominant and our extensive that is, and also evidence for wheat and flats at this time. So then for the Iron Age, overall in Ireland, we have much less evidence for human occupation. We have much, much less settlement evidence in particular. And you have these ideas of these downturns in these dark ages, and sometimes trying to find the people of the Iron Age in Ireland because we can't actually see where they are in the archaeological record. It's been suggested, you get it quite suddenly at around, I suppose, 800 BC. And sometimes it's suggested that maybe this is a response to climate change. But colleagues such as Jill Plunkett and others have shown, no, these aren't synchronous changes when you get, we do get changes in climate change. We can see quite clearly, but it's not happening at the same time as you're seeing those social changes, or those changes in activity in the archaeological record. But often in the literature we see a suggestion, there's an adoption of mobile lifestyle, so people moving around the landscape, more perhaps mobile pastoralists, and in trying to piece together the story of Iron Age people in Ireland, often looking at the artifacts, because we didn't have so much of the settlement and other type of evidence. What we have been looking for, for example, is sites like this, where you've got environmental data from the ceremonial and royal sites in particular. So they're not really that informative on the kind of everyday engagements with food that people might have had. So here's a site, Dunolan County Kildare, and it's telling you about the zoo archaeology and saying the majority of the identical species are Catalan pig and some sheep and horse and deer. But there are not the remains of your everyday food. There are remains of feasting of certain types of activities, certain engagements with food. So now what we have is much more environmental data from other sites, other than those ceremonial and those royal sites that we've collected over the last 20 years and that have been lying there in excavation reports and the research team brought together that we have. So what I'm going to show you is the data from, we've been focusing on the southeast of Ireland just for the moment, for the start of this project, and I'll show you some of the results from that. So in terms of the recovery of plant and animal remains from these sites, you can see that we do get them, not in very large numbers, which I think reflects to some extent the type of archaeology we're dealing with. So the data is showing here is from 243 features. So a feature is something that we would suggest is a single phase of activity and it's something like a roundhouse. It's a group of contexts that are associated together in potentially one phase of activity. So we have 243 and you can see that it's a not very large number, less than a third you're seeing the animal present and the plant remains present. Sometimes you're getting both at one site, more often it's just plant remains or just animal bone at an excavation. In terms of, I'll start with the animal remains before I get on to the goodies, the plant remains. The animal remains, you see cattle and pig are the dominant that you're seeing for this long period. Some sheep go to horse and dog, not much wild animal. That's something you see in Ireland from the introduction of farming is that shift away from wild animals much more towards domesticated animals and that continues throughout all of prehistory in Ireland. We don't have chicken so we have no good evidence for fowl at this stage in Ireland, probably not until the early medieval period we're seeing it within Ireland. But one of the difficulties in terms of the bone is that we can't tell what lots of it is because it's very small, it's fragmented, it's very often burnt and we can't identify it even beyond sometimes a human or an animal category which is quite difficult and that's the only type of bone at 46 features of the features where animal bone was found, it's almost two thirds of those features. So that's quite difficult but we are seeing the picture of cattle and pig in particular being dominant. In terms of the plant remains categories, so where you do get plant remains, you do get cereals at quite a lot of them and also other types of plants as well. In terms of the types of cereals, barley is often dominant but as I'll show not at all times we do get some temporal patterning it seems in the data. You get hulled and free threshing tweets, also the hull tweets, mainly spell tweets a little emmer and some free threshing tweets not very much and also some of the identifications are based on grain rather than shaft which as we know is unreliable. And a little oat as well which I'll talk about later, it's not clear if that's a cultivated species of oat coming in at this time or if you're still dealing with the wild oat and it's just a weed of the wheat and the barley crops. In terms of the fruits, we're still wild in Ireland and so there's no evidence clearly that we can see for domesticated fruits in Ireland in the RNH, not we're seeing them until probably the early medieval period. You can see a variety of rubus type of ones and prunus and different things like that. In terms of legumes also we're not great at them either and so what you can see is there's a couple of possible identifications of pea and broad bean, I would be suspicious of them so we went and we dated that broad bean and it's medieval and any peas that I have dated, I've dated several peas now from prehistoric contexts older when sometimes in Ireland always hoping we'll get something in every single time for early medieval or medieval so I'd be a little suspicious about these legumes that they are actually either late Bronze Age or RNH. Lots and lots of nuts so in contrast with the animal remains what you see in Ireland continuing is you see lots of wild plant foods continue and you see that right in record in Ireland until about a couple of centuries ago and then other wild plants also. So in terms of the timing just for the last few minutes to show you some of what's happening at different times, you can see in the late Bronze Age you can see there that cattle in the blue is dominant but you're getting a decent amount of pig and sheep goat also at that time. Coming then into that period so that's the beginning of the RNH 800 BC where we have far less evidence for activity and of course because we have less archaeological context we can recover less agricultural remains as well but there is stuff there and this includes directly dated animal bones we're very happy that these belong to this period and there are fewer data but the domesticates aren't absent. What's interesting is sometimes in the pollen records that we've looked at is sometimes you see people in these perhaps more climatically challenging times moving down into valleys and then other people going up to the uplands with their animals for pastoral activity so different responses in different locations and then as you get towards the later iron coming in towards the middle iron age in Ireland from 400 BC when you start seeing more archaeological activity in Ireland you see pig coming up and perhaps a special status of pigs to do with feasting it suggested and you see more evidence for horse as well. Horse is there earlier but you see much more of it in the RNH then. Then in terms of the plants you can see the prevalence of wild plants and throughout so the wilds are the grey ones and the nut and the green and the other wild plants you can see them throughout the period and then coming into the one we're particularly interested in in the RNH again fewer data but the cereals aren't absent and we have directly dated cereals from this period so we're very happy that we still have domesticates they're not being completely abandoned at this time. You can see the legumes there I'm a bit suspicious of them I think we need to directly date those and to make sure they're definitely RNH and then what you can see is this big jump up in cereals and that we see in Ireland from 400 BC and that's when we see drying kilns coming in as well so there's other things happening in the archaeological record other ways of interacting with plants that we're seeing around this time. So many minutes do I have? Too perfect. So this is the last slide. So this is to show you which may be very difficult to see within this diagram but just to run you through it what we're seeing very broadly is in the the lake there's the lake Bronze Age activity I showed you and then in the early RNH from around 800 BC to 400 BC we're saying that's changing climate and that reduction in agricultural evidence but what we were very interested and pleased to see in the project it's not completely disappearing and sometimes people suggest that that if you're moving towards this mobile pastoral economy people are almost abandoning cereals that's not what's happening it certainly goes down but it's not disappearing and then from 400 BC we see much more evidence for cereals and other cereal related evidence in the archaeological record and it seems this reflects broader activity change and this is recognized so what you're looking at here is sundra your cotton dates and you can see here so you can see at the radar at the red arrow that's the lake Bronze Age when you see a peak connectivity there and then you can see it jumping back down again so between 800 and 400 BC and you're seeing in Ireland relatively lower activity levels and then at 400 BC increasing again quite sharply and broadly stable until about the Roman periods until about say AD 1 if you call it in Ireland and then in that Roman periods which might be of interest to people here generally what we're seeing are declining activity levels continuing at a low level until about 8400 and then you have the early medieval period kicking in but within these broad changes we can see agricultural production persisting rather than abandonment and potentially in some of the periods in the R&H which we hadn't really realized before potentially thriving also thank you for your attention


What's up everybody, Jason here for jaspyscasebrakes.com 2022, Bowman, Krohn, baseball, HTA, choice, 12 box, case break, pick a teams number four just sold out. And again guys, four and five sell out with this little team random that we just did. So we're doing it back to back, four and five. We're six and seven, eight, nine, 10 are still in the store, if you guys want to get those going next, jaspyscasebrakes.com. So if you have a little character sign at the end of your name, means you want that from a team random.  So I mean, it's not like, it's not like, if you would have beat USC, you would be going to the playoff anyways. Because the one thing even for Oregon, even if they were to want today and beat USC, I think they would probably choose Alabama, who's another two loss team as well. Unless craziness happens next week and multiple teams lose that have two losses. I guess you can get there without actually even playing in the championship. You have older brothers, Chad? I wouldn't know because I'm the baby of my family. Well, I guess we'll find out tonight, Chad. Let's see. If you guys lose then, who's at home today? Is it you guys or is it Wanzu? Just because they're not in the city, relax. It's going to be more intimate for a loss or a win. All right, here we go guys. What are the Arizona Coyote playing at a college 5,000 seat venue? We got Jake Vox. You've been to one and one and only ever. Did you go to Washington too, Jimmy? Or are you just a Washington Husky fan? Tanner? Tanner McDougal? We got Simon for Philly. It's Edward. There was an inch of ice in your seat, Jesus Christ. It's really like up north in the sense. Well, I guess it snows in general in Washington. All right, here we go. Wow, look at that. Color match, young kill Fernandez, 3 out of 250. Rockies, Aaron Miller. Let's go. That's a big one right there. Color match and all. Oh, Eastern Washington. That's where Vernon Adams played. That's the one with the red field, right? I think that's where Cooper Cup also went to school. We have Jojo Blackman. And it looks like they have a gold. And it's Daniel McLevaney to 50 for Boston. Cooperman with that one. And we got CJ Rodriguez to 150. Oakland, that's going to Aaron Bilinsley. We got Liam Spence with a Evan Lee. We got a Rosnick Contreras blue for the Pirates. That's going to Matt Smith. And wow, another young kill. This time just a base. Great break there for the Rockies and Aaron and Michael Burroughs. We got B.J. Murray, Jr. Speckle to 299. Juan Guerrero, another one there for the Rockies. And then we got a Jackson Merrill for the Padres. Cajun, Cooper Bowman with a 10 on the doggal. Fresh holds with that. And a Charlie Welch. All right, halfway through guys. Another six boxes coming up. Look at that. Roderick Arias Refractor coming up there for the Yankees. Matt Smith with that one. And Jason Chirillo for the Guardians going to John McCormick. And for the Astros, Emmanuel Valdez. Refractor of Noah Miller for the Minnesota Twins. Gwena K. Heng. We got Michael Garcia. And a gold shimmer of J.T. Schwartz. 7-11 actually of 50. Four more boxes. 12 more autos. Art Gonzales. Speckle to 299. And for the Phillies, Gavin Tonkle. Phillies that is Edward or Edward. And then Roland Machandi. For Houston, Stephen Carney. And Ricardo Cabrera Refractor. Willie Vasquez. For TB. And Daniel Vasquez. Atomic Green for Kansas City. Brian Crouch. All right, two more. All right, we got Evan Lee for the Nationals to 499. Nationals Shawn Matic. And for the Padres. That's Gwena K. Heng. And Jose Rodriguez for Texas. Gwena Edward. All right, down to the last box, guys. Good luck. We got Leonardo Baucazar, which I believe is a bigger prospect as well. Matthew Linder. I did see him. I thought, yeah, the Jonski. I thought Johanski? Kenski, is that what you say? I mean, not in these specific boxes, but I've seen him in Bow and Crow. Orioles, Isaac De Leon. And last one here, Graham Ashcraft. All right, I feel like we got a lot of repeat teams here in this one. It's like a lot of teams when Hitler. So sorry about that, guys. I think this case was a lot of repeats. Baucazar, Vasquez. A lot of Kansas City. A lot of Houston. A lot of socks early on, too. Padres. Hubs a couple times. Wish there was a little bit more balance, but... There you go, guys. Appreciate it at Jasper'sCaseBricks.com. I'm sorry to chat.