Standard of California, on behalf of standard stations and independent chevron gas stations throughout the west, invite you to let George do it. Another adventure of George Valentine. Personal notice. Danger is my stock and trade. If the trouble you're in is way off the beaten track and you need help that's strictly confidential, you've got a job for me. George Valentine. Write full details. Dear sir, you employed the word confidential in your advertisement. Well, I need confidential help. My enthusiasm for birds has led me into a predicament. I was watching starlings, but I saw something that was never meant to be seen, and it keeps haunting me if I really saw it, unless my eyes deceive me. To deceive me, I was the witness, the only witness to an outrageous crime. There's nothing more I can say in a letter. Please contact me at once, and it's signed Elliot Wormsley. Oh, Wormsley, that sounds like a name on a dickens. Elliot Wormsley, MSPHD, Statistical Services, Baxter Building. Birdwatcher, huh? What kind of canaries is this statistician interested in anyway? Oh, stop kidding, George. That's a pretty grim phrase. I was the only witness to an outrageous crime. And he's in a predicament. That's a twist. What was it he could have seen? I don't know, Brooksy, but let's see what we can see. Let's drop in on Dr. Wormsley. These are the binoculars, Mr. Valentine. The ones I use to watch starlings on that penthouse roof down there. But that's almost three blocks away, Dr. Wormsley. I know. The riverhouse, huh? Pretty swanky. Golly, George, you can see halfway around the world with these binoculars. All right, Angel, stop playing. Back to you, Dr. Wormsley. So you look for starlings and saw a killer hawk. Something like that, Mr. Valentine. OK. Now, just what was this outrageous crime? What did you see that you shouldn't have seen? Murder. I guess I dropped your binoculars, Dr. Wormsley. Did you say murder? I can't be sure, but I just trained my eyes down there, as I've been doing for weeks. And in that instant, I'm almost certain I saw a man push another man off the roof. Of course, he had his back to me. What do you mean almost certain, Dr. Wormsley? Well, it was over in a second, and I didn't expect to see what I think I saw. Besides, statistics show that the element of error in visualization over 100 yards is 14 to 1,000. Yeah, well, we'll take your word for that. But why didn't you go to the police with this story? Oh, no, no, Mr. Valentine. I'm a modest man, and I don't like publicity. Besides, I'm coming up for the presidency of my club. And so many people think bird-watching is, well, a little peculiar. Yes, I know. You wouldn't make it. But murder is a very serious business. Mr. Valentine, if I had seen any mention of what I suspected in the newspapers, I would have volunteered this information to the police. But as it is, no crime has been reported. That's right, George. I didn't say anything about it. Still, the picture of those two men keeps haunting me. I'm thinking of my reputation, but I do have some public spirit, and I have to make sure my conscience wouldn't let me rest if I didn't. Oh, I see. Would you want me to check at the riverhouse and soothe your conscience? That's it, young man. Precisely. It shouldn't take you more than a day, and I'm willing to pay your usual fee. Okay, it's a deal, Wimsley. Oh, Brooksy. Yes, George? Just another hunch get out of the Bureau of Missing Persons. See Finley. Okay. Find out if anybody's been reported missing from the riverhouse. You will keep my name out of this, won't you? Oh, yes. We'll do our best, Professor. I'll meet you back here later, Brooksy. Okay, George. I'm going over to the riverhouse. Oh, you're very fortunate, Mr. Valentine. Penthouse B is vacant, and it's only $5,400 a year. Yeah, a point of information, Mr. Stevens. As I get at the sun deck of this wing facing the river is for the exclusive use of Penthouse A and B. Oh, it's very private, and Penthouse A is occupied by the Dunlaps, Philip Dunlap, the broker. So that would put you in very good company, and only $5,400 a year. Well, I was thinking of something a little better, but I'll let you know. Like a wet and wrang my doorbell, wouldn't be the fuller brush, man, would you? Not unless my samples are showing. Oh, come on in anyway. I hope you'll pardon the sun suit I wasn't expecting company. No, it's nothing at all. I mean, practically. I was out on the roof sunbathing. And Mrs. Dunlap? That's right. Well, I'm the chapel. It's been a dull afternoon. Suppose we wait a while before you tell me what you want. Well, as a matter of fact... You aren't going to stand there, are you? Here, sit down. The truth is, Mrs. Dunlap, I may be your next-door neighbor in Penthouse B. Oh. Well, that would be the first improvement they've made in Riverhouse without raising our rent. I thought it'd be a nice gesture to sort of drop in on my possible neighbors and introduce myself. There is a Mr. Dunlap, isn't there? Yes, but you needn't worry about him. He hasn't been home for two days. Oh, just like that, huh? Oh, yes. Philip, for you. Thank heavens. He must have decided to go up to our cabin in the mountains to brood, or he may be staying at his club. But as I said, this looked like a dull afternoon. We're not going to let it be one, are we? Ah. Oh, fine. That wouldn't be Philip. He has his key. Well, whoever it is, just explain I'm looking at the penthouse next door. Hell. Listen, Paula, we haven't heard from Philip yet, and there are letters and contracts he has to sign downtown.  I'm not my husband's keeper. Oh, just the same. I thought you might be worried if... Oh. Oh, I didn't know you were having company. Well, this gentleman may be our next door neighbor, I hope. Uh, Mr.... The name's Valentine. Oh. Really, Paula? At least now you know his name. Oh, Mr. Valentine. This intense young man is my husband's secretary, Hal Sterrett. How do you do? I don't know what you're going to do, Paula, but I'm going to call the police and report Philip missing. Ah, please do that, Hal. I'd feel so much better.  So petulant. Well, where were we, Mr. Valentine? Ah, I was just about to leave. A mood is a very fragile thing, isn't it? Oh, you've been right, neighborly, ma'am. Goodbye. I don't think it's goodbye. Anyway, it was very nice even not having known you. Mr. Valentine. Mr. Valentine. Oh, Dr. Wormsley. I was waiting for you to come out of the riverhouse. But why? I thought you made it a point you were to be the unknown factor in this deal. Well, after you left, I did some calculating. Yeah, good for you, good for you. There must be a way of getting into this empty lot without climbing over that fence. And in my calculations, I discovered that the odds against anything as extraordinary as this happening to an ordinary man like me would be about 14,000 to one. You don't say. So if you don't mind, Mr. Valentine, I'd sort of like to tag along with you and see if I'm really that one in 14,000. Uh-huh. Much as though there's a gate in this fence, if we can get these baskins out of the way. George! Hey, Brooksy, you should have brought a friend. We'd have a fourth for Bridge. Oh, hello, Miss Brooksy. Oh, George, there's been no report of anyone missing in this district. Oh, thanks. I was on my way to your office, Dr. Wormsley, when I saw you heading for the riverhouse. So here I am. Well, kids, let's see what we shall see. It's just an overgrown lot. That's right, yes. George, you think that if Dr. Wormsley is right, the man would be... Nothing like checking, Brooksy. Dr. Wormsley, you did say that when you saw a man pushing another one off the roof, his back was towards you. If I saw what I thought I saw. That's right. Uh-huh. That would mean he was facing away from you toward the river. Yes, yes. Well, there's the river behind that highboard fence. And on this side of the building, there are only the windows and the elevator shafts and the stairways. I've seen him fall. Mr. Valentine, over here, over here, look. That's a man. I mean, it was. Uh-huh. Past tense is putting it mildly. Oh, George. Then it wasn't my imagination after all. No. No, Dr. Wormsley, it wasn't. And just to quote a few more odds, it's at least a million to one. This is the body of Philip Dunlap. We'll return to tonight's adventure of George Valentine in just a moment. Meanwhile, a word about the great American pastime. If you're a baseball fan, check these two tips for getting the most out of this season. 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It's only natural for a member of the Birdwatcher Society even when he's a professional statistician like Dr. Wormsley to be watching starlings on a penthouse roof. But when instead, his maculas reveal one man pushing another off that self-same roof. Well, that's just sort of a case George would get involved in. It's been an hour since George found Philip Dunlap's body in the weed-covered lot back at the apartment building. And now we find George and Claire talking to Lieutenant Riley at homicide. Yeah, what is it? Lieutenant Riley, Donnelly just brought Health Starret in. Do you want to see him now? No.  Yes, sir. How about Dr. Wormsley, Lieutenant Riley? Okay, Valentine, okay. When Lieutenant Johnson turned the case over to me, I didn't know what I was getting in for, but I'll do my best to keep your client's name out of the case. Ah, you're a pal. Well, as a matter of fact, Lieutenant, you owe our little bird watcher a debt. He did uncover a murder. Miss Brooks, I don't want to appear ungrateful. Oh, no. I can always use a new murder. Oh? I'm overjoyed that when you and Valentine stumbled over this homicide, you were thoughtful enough to let me know about it. Oh, well, it's nothing at all. If you haven't, I'd like both of you to be up and throw the key away.  Well, she said she was out shopping all that afternoon, and the doorman is out buying it. When she got back, this kid, uh, Starrot was still there waiting to see his boss, Mr. Dunlap. He hung around a little longer and then beat it. Did, uh, Mrs. Dunlap suggest that there might have been any bad blood between Starrot and her husband? Well, she wasn't too anxious to admit it, but it seems young Starrot was being fired. Yeah, but what was the reason? Bad spelling or making Google eyes at the boss's wife? I wouldn't know, not yet. Mrs. Dunlap was too broken up to go into every little detail. Oh, broken up, huh? I can just see her tears flowing like wine. What do you mean by that? Uh, well, just thinking a lot. Yes, Lieutenant? You can send Starrot in here now. Yes, sir. Well, it looks to me as though Mr. Starrot has some explaining to do or else. Well, we know that he was there that afternoon, and your Dr. Wormsley saw a man push Dunlap off the roof. Yeah, come in, son, come in, come in. Lieutenant, I don't understand any of this. I... Oh, you. Hello, Starrot. What are you doing here? Just, uh, neighborly interest in the fate of your late employer. Say, what is this? Yes, George, I didn't know you two had met. Well, never mind.  Well, I, uh... Why? He, uh, he didn't like my work, I guess. That's the usual reason, isn't it? You'll save a lot of time if you tell us the truth. You ask me a question, and I gave you the only answer you're going to get. You had a fight with your boss, didn't you? No. In the struggle, you pushed him off the roof. No. A man saw you from an office building. He couldn't have. Oh, Lieutenant. Yes, Donnelly. Can I see you in a minute? Yeah, okay. I'll be right back. Hey, tell me something, Starrot. Yes. If you were already fired, why were you so worried about Dunlap? Even going to the Bureau of Missing Persons yourself? Because he was the best friend I ever had. He had hardly jies with the story Lieutenant Riley is building up. Hey, Starrot. Yes.  What of it? Syracuse, 1942. What? Oh, yes. But how did you know? This, uh, Phi, uh, Phi Beta Kappa 2, weren't you? That's right. But what are you driving at, Lieutenant? Well, uh, this Phi Beta Kappa key. The medical examiner found it clenched in Dunlap's fist. It's yours. I, I don't know how it could have gotten there. He must have ripped the key off your chain as he fell off the roof. Okay, Starrot, I'm arresting you on suspicion of murder. It's nice of you to visit me in jail, Valentine. But what's the use of going over the same story again? Let's say it intrigues me, Starrot. Paula would go right on denying I ever gave her that key. I can't prove it. Why should you believe me any more than anyone else? Because I happen to know a little more of the lady in question. Now look, friend, let's stop being delicate. Paula decided she liked your type and made you the odd man in the triangle. That's why Dunlap was giving you the gate. Oh, I, I tried to break off with her, but she always managed to be around taunting me.  Yeah, I know what you mean. Say, did you have a fight with Dunlap when he fired you? No, I, I wish there had been. That would have been easier than the way it was. Go on. He was hurt, and I was sick and ashamed of myself. He knew there were others, and that made the whole thing even cheaper. Now surely just firing you, Sterret, wasn't the answer for Dunlap? Oh, he knew that. One of my last acts as his secretary was drawing up papers that cut her out of his will. Now wait a minute, that just puts you in deeper. That means Paula had no motive. Hey, how about insurance? Well, there was a big policy Philip took out recently with Paula's beneficiary. He didn't change that. Oh, wasn't that kind of strange? Oh, it wasn't something he overlooked. There was a funny smile on his face when he told me he was leaving that as is. That's pretty interesting.  When I was there, I didn't even know he was out on the roof. Okay, I'll just take it easy. I'll do what I can. What can you do? You'll never get the truth about that key out of Paula. And Dr. Wormsley swears it was a man out there struggling with Philip. What man? A burglar? One of Paula's ex-boyfriends? Or possibly the man on the moon? I think I'll drop in on Paula again. I don't know what I expected fine, but with a gal like that, the unexpected is bound to be interesting. Oh, if it isn't my next-door neighbor. What now? A cup of sugar? A couple of eggs? Well, maybe I did make a little fib, but you didn't believe me anyway, did you, Mrs. Dunlop? Paula. Okay, Paula. Too bad about young Sterret, isn't it? What a thing to say to a grease-trick and widow. Can I get you anything? We may as well make ourselves comfortable. You've got a head start in those lounging pajamas. They're really something. I was wondering when you were going to notice them. Hey, you know, I never appreciated before what lounging pajamas can do for a woman. Didn't you? No, no. I might say if she were bought on a roof and someone happened to see her from Dr. Wormsley's window, he might mistake her for a man. If he'd never seen a woman before. His office is more than two blocks away. But to get back to our hypothetical woman, how much do you guess she'd have coming to her if her husband were murdered?  We've gotten a long way from lounging pajamas. Oh, I don't know. And I can't help wondering what the lady in question would do if she had a perfect patsy and a difficult young man who was suffering pangs of conscience. She might even do something brash if she happened to remember the 5-E to Kappa key he gave her in a tender moment. Tell me, have you confronted these flights of fancy to anyone else? Oh, no, my sweet. I wanted you to be the first to know.  There's another angle to this lady of the rooftop. Oh, what's that? With all the insurance money she's sure to get, with an admiring eye for a certain broad-shouldered character who seems to know what it's all about. Oh, she might make life very pleasant for him. Very. You couldn't say he knew what it was all about if he fell for a pitch like that now, could you? Oh, I'd better get my cigarette before we go on with this little game. Or you can quit playing any time you want to. My dear old father used to play a lot of poker. He used to say the game was never over till the last bluff was called. Uh-huh.  I have a permit for this gun. Uh-oh, come on now, Paula. Let's see if you can answer that phone with one hand. You know, Georgie, that could be your next to the last, livery mark. When that phone stops ringing, you're gonna worry yourself into a tizzy, trying to guess who it was. We've been supposing a lot of things here tonight.  Suppose they found you draped on the floor there with a bullet in your head. Okay, what then? I was in bed when I heard sounds in the living room. I opened the door. There was a figure in the darkness. After everything I'd been through, I didn't stop to think. I shot the prowler. I gotta hand it to you, Paula. Skip it. Just sit there on the couch a few minutes till I get my story straight.  Okay, you stalled too long. You missed your chance, beautiful. It'd be a mistake to shoot me now. What are you talking about? Behind you. There's somebody out there on the penthouse roof. Ah, you know I'm smarter than that. Well, who's it? I'll take the point out. You got it, Paula. That's you. Oh, Charles, there you are. I tried to call, and then I remembered about the empty penthouse next door on the adjoining Sunday, and both of Pete's sake, somebody say something. Oh, just a little parlor game, Bruxy. Yes, yes, I was just showing Mr. Valentine how I almost mistook him for an intruder. Oh. Lieutenant Raleigh will probably find it very amusing when we tell him about it. That ain't the way I seen it. By the time being, Angel, we have to see things Paula's way. But more important right now is to see if we can get a man out of bed. No trouble at all, Valentine. Don't mind selling a little insurance any time of the night. Are these all right? Are you selling a little insurance any time of the night? Are these all representative policies, Bennett? Yes, sir. Anything you want, we've got it. Life, accident, comprehensive liability, tornado insurance, plate glass. Any insurance against fatality during parlor game? What's that, Miss Brooks? Just a private show. This is life insurance policy. Oh, any amount you want. It's a simple physical exam. Well, these clauses at the beginning, they are pretty standard in all life insurance policies, aren't they? Yes, indeed. We need to protect policy holder and the company. What's up, George? Well, thanks a lot, Bennett, too. You've been a great help. Yeah, but look, old man. Sorry, shopping around, but I'll keep you in mind. Let's go, Brooksy. Now, Brooksy, first thing in the morning, I want you to check with all the druggists in this section of town around Riverhouse, Dr. Wormsley's office, 20 or 30 blocks in each direction. Oh, my aching feet. I'm going to be with Lieutenant Riley.  See, that's the word. Valentine, if I had any hair, I'd tear it out. What are you talking about? Well, I look. I can't do any harm, Lieutenant. No one in his right mind can doubt how done that done. This Wormsley saw him shoved off the roof. Then the body was found sprawled all over an empty lot, 12 floors below. Cause and effect. I have every reason to doubt that Sterrick killed Dunlap.  That she used to be the strong woman in the circus. I didn't say she killed him. Then who? What? Ah, for the love of heaven. How about that autopsy, Lieutenant? All right, doctor. Will you tell Valentine here that he's just been wasting our time? I wouldn't say that, Lieutenant. Huh? What you find?  All right. All right, I can't argue with the laboratory. But I don't get it, Valentine.   Ah! It's a wonder we didn't find a knife in his back too. Doctor, just how does this particular poison work? Instantly. Every muscle in the body becomes rigid all at once and stays that way. Uh-huh, then it's possible and after a couple of days the effects of the poison could be mistaken for rigor mortis. Not only possible, Mr. Valentine. It seems just what happened. Hey, wait a minute. Wait a minute. If Dunlap's fist was clenched like that the moment the poison took effect, how did that 5-beta copper key get in his hand? That's the point, Lieutenant. It was forced into it. And certainly Hal's stare it didn't do it. That does it. That does it. I'm gonna have Paula Dunlap picked up and she'd better have all the answers. Oh, no. No, Mrs. Dunlap, you're going to have to do better than that. I know how it looks, Lieutenant Raleigh, but you're wrong. Believe me. Paula, you had to be the one to put that key in your husband's hand. Sterret wouldn't sign his own death warrant. I know, but... Here are the facts the jury will hear. You were the man Wemsley saw wearing laundry pajamas. You had the motive, the insurance money, so you poisoned Mr. Dunlap, then pushed him off the roof to implicate an innocent man. All right. All right. I'll tell you just what happened. Remember, Mrs. Dunlap, you're doing this of your own free will. Hal Sterret left that afternoon. I went out on the roof for a moment. Philip was there, an empty highball glass next to him. He was dead. Oh, don't look at me that way. He was already dead. He committed suicide. How do you know that? There was a note, cruel note, saying that I was the cause of all the unhappiness in his life. He was leaving me without a cent. Okay. I suppose you have the note. No. No, I destroyed it. Donna, that wasn't very smart. Don't you see? I had to. So no one would ever find out it was suicide. Now, wait a minute. There was a clause in his policy. It's in most policies, saying that if he killed himself within the first year, the beneficiary wouldn't get a cent. Not much is true, Donna. But I did was wrong, but I was going to let Philip leave me without a cent. That'll stand up in court, won't it?  Since you asked my opinion, the answer's no. But my job is finished now. No, no! George! George! Hey, how goes it, Bruxy? What luck? You were right. I found out what you wanted to know at the Gotham Pharmacy on Morton Boulevard. Now what? What am I going to do? I've got to find a way to prove I'm innocent. This isn't fair.  What do you mean? Me and you both. I don't know what charge you're going to hold her on, Lieutenant, but it won't be murder. What? Did you hear what he said, Lieutenant? What are you talking about, Valentine? Bruxy just found out that Philip Dunlap bought that poison himself at the Gotham Pharmacy. On a doctor's prescription, he forged. Oh, George, how can I ever thank you? Oh, that's easy. The next time you're up on that roof alone, see if you can prove the law of gravity really works. George, don't you think that was sort of a morbid joke for Dunlap to play on his wife? Well, Angel Paula played a few pretty grim jokes herself. Yes, but to leave her name in that insurance policy, knowing that she wouldn't get a penny. Crime? Punishment? Supercell? Hello? Anybody here? I just thought I'd drop you and take care of that little bill I owe you. Oh, thanks. Um, how did the first look these days, Doctor? It was. Oh, yes, yes. That reminds me. I must thank you, Valentine, for keeping my name out of the Dunlap case. After all, I was the key witness, and I, uh... Oh, dear. Well, that's all washed up now. Thank goodness. Oh, yes. Mrs. Dunlap isn't living there anymore, you know? It seems three young ladies are sharing that apartment now. And yesterday... Why, Dr. Wormsley, what kind of birds are you watching now? Oh, well, they were very wild canaries. Oh, goodness. What am I saying? And now, a message of importance to motorists. If this is the time of year your family gets travel-minded, it's probably the time you start thinking about new tires. And you know which make of tire gives you a written warranty against ordinary road hazards? The answer is easy. Atlas tire. That's right. Each new Atlas passenger tire is warrantied for 12 months against blowouts, cuts, and bruises that might happen to ordinary tires. And each Atlas tire has a double warranty. First, by the manufacturer, and second by the distributor. Another thing to keep in mind when you're buying tires is that two or four wear better than an uneven number. Give you softer riding and easier car handling. For that extra margin of safety, get Atlas tires at standard stations and independent Chevron gas stations where they say and mean, we'll take better care of your car. Next week, when you tune our way for another adventure of George Valentine, you'll hear... Well, Brooksie looks like playing big brother Alice Spencer Tracy didn't work out. Eddie beat it while I was shaving.  He left this note. He's on the prowl. The quote is going after Stan Lucas. Oh, no. What can we do, George? I gotta stop him somehow. Hey, listen, you look up Emily. Maybe she can give us a clue on how we can find Eddie. Okay, George. And remember, Brooksie, it's a race against time. Tonight's adventure of George Valentine has been brought to you by Standard of California on behalf of independent Chevron gas stations and standard stations throughout the West. Let George do it, stars Robert Bailey as George, with Francis Robinson as Claire, Wally Amair appeared as Lieutenant Riley. Tonight's story was written by David Victor at Herbert Little Jr. and directed by Don Clark. Also heard cast were Louise Arthur, Fred Howard, Peter Leeds, Charles Seal, and Charles Lung. The music is composed and conducted by Eddie Dunstetter, your announcer, John Heiston. Don't forget to listen again next week, one hour earlier, over the same station to let George do it. This is the Mutual Don Lee Broadcasting System.


So yeah, good evening everyone. I think everyone is tired and already left, but it helps The stream is being recorded. So hello to people on the international space station and So today I'll be talking about automate your IX routes of a config and How many people in the audience are familiar with an internet exchange, can you raise hand? So it's not everyone. I'll just quickly explain what an internet exchange is An internet exchange is a place where networks interconnect the autonomous networks interconnect So an autonomous network can be any ISP or a content player These are the places which are actually responsible for for interconnecting and and that's where a large number of data flows from Content networks towards the eyeball ISP networks it's common to call ISP networks as eyeballs because that's where eyeballs are and In India, there are multiple exchanges. So in back then in 2004 Nixie was started, which is an international exchange of India partially government then in last four five years, there have been number of smaller exchanges which have which have come over and The reason for those exchanges to exist is because they are facilitating an interconnect of content players with the with the eyeballs Near to Bangalore, I can imagine would be probably Mumbai and Chennai. So Chennai you have You know, you have Nixie Chennai. You have extreme IX and in Mumbai. There are lots and lots of exchanges. So it's Nixie. It's extreme It's Bharat IX where I'm contributing as a volunteer and You have you have decades you have M6 India and so on. So today's talk is about how you Automate your route servers config. I'll give an introduction. What an route server is and and how it works So first how how networks interconnect at internet exchanges? So imagine a network like say Google or Microsoft or or or LinkedIn Interconnecting with eyeball networks like say Airtel or ACT and so on at an exchange So there are two possible options one is bilateral peering where members all connect on the same switch Which is the which is a layer to switch by design. It has to be layer 2. It should not be layer 3 so members connect on the layer to switch and Then they just start creating BGP sessions So you have say two members you they both create BGP sessions with each other a bilateral BGP session and they start exchanging routes So that's how it works. The other option is multilateral peering in multilateral peering members still connect to the shared peering fabric But instead of creating BGP sessions with each other they create BGP session with a route server It helps by reducing the number of sessions because now if you are say 10th person at IX You don't have to manage creating of BGP sessions with all other nine members You can just create with one one route server or possibly two route servers for redundancy and and get get going So what a route server does it's important feature when you peer with route server route server reflects you all the routes So imagine an internet exchange with around 10 members A route server will reflect all nine members to you and your routes to those nine members It will not change the next hope next hope Next hope IP. So whether you have bilateral session or you have Have multilateral session via route server. The traffic flow is exactly the same There's no difference in traffic flow the real traffic never flows through the route server traffic always flows through the switches It's just that route service facilitating the exchange of exchange of data exchange of routing data It is often desired that Exchanges route transparently so you should not see the route server AS number in the in the in the AS path It varies based on exchanges. I think probably if I have to put a guess probably 80 to 90 percent exchanges Follow this so you will not see their AS number in the AS path There are certain large exceptions as well. For instance, HKIX Hong Kong internet exchange It's route server does appears in the AS path In case of India Nixie's ASN does appears in the AS path as per their policy For all the newer exchanges which have come over they do it transparently and it has a effect if you have Route servers AS number appearing in the AS path. You are unnecessarily Extending the length of ASNs and now as AS path let's length is increased the path may not be followed while it should be ideally So so it has a effect Again often desired feature of a route server. They should do filtering based on IRR If you are not sure what IRR, maybe you can check out my yesterday's talk in detail about routing security that covers IRR in detail So it is desired that route servers do filtering based on based on route objects and AS sets And again as a last feature it is often desired that route server offers BGP community where one can control route announcement This is especially true with super large content players who are very much worried about announcing their routes to a route server as The announcement can go beyond a certain point and they want to control it They don't want a scenario where someone is is just exporting those routes in a different region So they want that control and I can personally tell you the fourth was the reason we started working on this project Because other two options I can still make them work without automating, but Fourth option is really painful IRR is painful, but still one can somehow manage so The challenge as I said, how do you generate filters based on IRR? And this is not a one-time thing you have to do it at a regular basis So it should be either few hours or at max a day You should regenerate the whole config of filtering with that and the other thing of course to offer the the peer specific export rules By design an exchange route server Accepts and has import policies specific to peer So if if if I am the route server I would have a specific policy for pure one specific for peer two specific for peer three on the import side But I would have a same common policy for the export, but if you want to offer The the BGP communities control this can't be true anymore You have to have separate export policies and it becomes very tedious to do that by hand Solution We use a tool called a route server. That's a open source tool The developer of the tool is one of the engineers at Cloudflare and he has written this very excellent tool On and it's there on GitHub along with the documentation It supports generating the route server config for both bird and open BGPD Open BGPD is still relatively new while bird is is quite old and advanced. It's it's really stable package And lots and lots of exchanges that at large scale use utilize bird So here's how it works you you are supposed to set up the package and initialize it then you just add the peer details in the client dot eml and You generate the route server given config so you define whether you are using birds It will generate the syntax for bird whether if you want it for for for the open BGPD It will generate the syntax for open BGPD and so on And of course it checks the config and then then you push it So just some basic syntax for for you know commands installing on DB and you went to in our case I can probably take a minute to explain in our case. We are running LXC containers for running a route server. So it's two different set of hardwares running LXC containers for for the a route server and some other things including including looking glass and so on and The config is generated on locally on the laptops for admin So it's two admins involved right now one myself and then another my colleague So we just generate the config by hand and then just push it push it by using Ansible is utilizing an ansible role for it Here's how clients dot eml look like it's extremely simple easy to read files. So all you define is ASN So for an example here, we have put AS 22 you define AS set Which is the set of ASNs behind it if you are aware So if we have a member ISP joining in the exchange saying my AS set is AS hyphen My my name, please allow all the prefixes from that. We would just put it here Although as a practice, we are trying we are trying our best not to not to do it and instead make the package learn that from the peering DB because then it stays up to date all the time and If you don't define a set by default it will pull it from the peering DB Which is essentially a very big database of all the all the interconnection world if you want to see which Network interconnects where you can probably look at peering DB. It's it's good data with respect to ASNs internet exchanges as well as the facilities You define the you define the IP address and it supports IPv6, of course And you can also define certain other other things in the syntax So here's an example of generating the config just to air out server and here you write the demo name which you're going to use IP version and then the Destination where you want where you want the config. So we are just using the destination as the as the as the location of bird config in this case if you want you can use a separate location do a diff before before committing it on on production and Same thing for for IPv6. So you can set the same thing up with a cron job and that again that again helps by by Automatically generating the filters at this point of time in Bharat IX. We are running a cron job at every hour on On the on both the route servers. So both the route servers Run regenerate their entire config and that's at a gap of 30 minutes So one one route server would you know just do it at the zeroth minute while the other one will do it 30th minute We'll rewrite the whole config and commit it and then proceed and there are checks and checks and balances in place that if just in case Assuming that internet connectivity is broken or something else is broken where packages not able to generate config It will it will hold the process So the key advantage Besides route filtering here is the BGP community support BGP community as you might have learned over time is these are simply the tags which are transitive in nature So using these tags one can define certain things So I can announce a route with a BGP community tag and the other network can interpret that tag based on their routing policy So at ISP level it's very common to use certain communities like a black hole community, which is often 666 So if you are connected to an ISP say AS 1 2 3 It it is quite common that they would have implemented 1 2 3 colon 666 where if you originator out with that tag They would just drop the traffic if you are under DDoS. So that helps There are a lot of other use cases for BGP community Especially with the fact that you can limit your announcement. So ISP may give you a community saying Tag your routes with community X and we'll make sure that we keep your routes only in India We do not announce them outside India or we keep them in Asia and the same thing on the other side as well ISPs also tag the routes they learn and they announce you. So they may say whatever Routes have a tag XY. We are learning in Europe Whatever tag has whatever route has a tag XY to we are learning in Asia and so on So now you can make automated policy where you prefer ISP 1 for sending traffic to Asia ISP 2 for sending traffic to Europe and so on So here's an example and this is totally out of box from from the from the air out server We we didn't manually edit any of these things. So it will generate these communities to work It will generate these communities to work on the on the project on its own So there are basic options. So you have the do not announce to any client So you can announce a route to route server and if you are testing for some time you can tag Tag it with that then you have option of do not announce to peer where you can tag your route with zero column peer So imagine exchange as as I was giving in the example with 10 members You want to announce your route to all other eight members except one the ninth member So you can say zero column nine and now the ninth member would not receive your route So it it significantly helps us now you can control your route announcements And it's common to use these communities if you know that one member is leaking your route or one member has a Has a port capacity issue at an exchange. They have other options including prepending So you can prepend once twice or thrice and and that again that again helps to control and limit the announcement At this point of time in India It's not that common to use communities and that has more to do with the Indian ISPs not not not training communities not implementing them for the customers with but it is it is it is It is picking up over time on the exchange side It's it's really important and much easier to deploy against say Deploying it for a large IX ISP Some of the other features of the open source package which are worth mentioning it has support for out-of-box support for ROAs So we have a full RPK implementation in Bharat IX which is resource PKI So anyone any route we receive we validate it for ROAs if we see an invalid ROA Which is route authorization resource authorization object? We are going to just deny it if if ROA is fine, or if there is a missing ROA will accept it So that helps it has support for graceful shutdown of BGP sessions, which has been a new RFC which supports Signaling when you are shutting down, you know shutting down your your BGP demon because Other side may be a fully loaded router which may take a few minutes for to reflect back and maybe black pulling routes for meanwhile So instead of instead of heartbreaking you can always do a graceful shutdown It has integration with peering DB for asset for pulling the asset I just mentioned that and This is this is a preferred way We we try to force all the members to update their peering DB records before connecting to our IX Often it has been our experience that members do have peering DB record, but they miss putting a asset So we always always suggest them guide them to do that It has integration with IXP manager, which again is a is a open-source project coming from INIX exchange in Dublin and It's it's one of the very advanced and good projects where INIX was putting up softwares for Managing their exchange and eventually they ended up in open sourcing it. So it's it's there on GitHub and We overall we tried to use that But it just didn't make much sense at this point of time with a small scale since our IX is just in one data center One single rack. We didn't need it complication to start with but for larger exchanges. It makes much more sense to use it It supports full RS config generation based on peering DB record What essentially it means is exchanges do list themselves on peering DB So if you are one of the exchanges who is not using this software and wants to start using it All you can do is just point the software towards the peering DB record And it will see what peers are there at your exchange and will generate the required config So it's very this this option makes it extremely easy to migrate to the the route server Although you will still have certain challenges here, which would be if you have Passwords on your BGP session. You still have to update your config file to add them And it has an Ansible role for configuring it via Ansible We utilize that heavily at this point of time So we just have clients or TML sitting on our laptop We make the changes we commit it push it on the git and the server automatically pulls the change and then generates the config within 32 60 minutes 60 minutes time So it would be either 0th minute or the 30th minute as per the cron job Quick references so a route server project. That's the name of the Pier key is the name of the engineer who is who is who has who has wrote it The documentation is aware on read the docs Ansible role is given over here IXP manager if you want to try something more advanced it IXP manager includes all the feature of a route server Along with a web UI along with along with lots and lots of things including Port graphing of the members etc. And of course the link to Bharat Ajax if you're interested if you're running an IP network Please do contact me, you know, feel free to peer at the exchange We are we are trying to make it work at a community level That's all right. Thank you any questions I'm I'm trouble. I'm a member of the internet community What happens if you can't reach peering DB? If you route server for some reason doesn't have a route to peering DB. It's so We have we put a custom script in place Which will just hold the process of generating the config for that time It will wait for the cron job to run again And since the cron job is running every hour, it's usually not a problem when you're making changes on the config It's often not at all urgent because you are adding a new member So new member while has waited for few weeks to get his cross-connects another thing done can of course wait for another hour Or two while the internet connection goes back online or the peering DB comes back online Related question. Can you trust peering DB? Well, uh, if beyond peering DB you may also ask the same question. Can you trust IRR as itself? So anyone can go and register anything in IRR. So it's just that uh In absence of these systems it becomes a total chaos. So you can have those systems in place The if you relate the number of route leaks again one has to do it in a loose term But I think a large part of route leaks or the problems which are there in say routing table are not documented on IRR in the same way I've yet to come across a case where Where people write something crazy on peering DB to influence influence the networks Plus of course when you are connecting it in IX We always, you know, we'll look at the company. We'll look at whether it is a real network or not We'll look at their their domain name their email addresses from where it's coming if it's a totally strange email Requesting for for a totally unrelated AS number. We would we would request them to send mail This has been one of the cases where there was a large multimillion dollar ISP who were operating with different names and different AS numbers So they contacted us with one AS number and when we see on the documentation the email was from a totally unrelated domain So so we cannot trust but I think we can we can add some some intelligence on top of it Any other questions All right, thank you Thanks a lot and that probably ends day two at rootcon. I hope everybody had a great time


A new South Wales State recorded its biggest daily rise in COVID-19 infections this year. Sydney, the new South Wales State's capital and home to a ffifth of Australia's 25 million population, has been the hardest hit with a highly contagious Delta variant. An NSW Premier Gladys Ebertig Cleon reported 35 new cases, 29 of which were linked to previous cases, and Sydney is halfway through a two-week lockdown, and Ebertig Cleon said it was still too early to make a decision on whether to extend the lockdown. So whilst, as predicted, the number of cases are going up, we're seeing a greater proportion of those cases in isolation, which is exactly what we want to see. So the green shoots are there. The green shoots of the lockdown doing what we hoped it would is certainly there. We haven't seen a huge surge in cases, and we certainly feel through our contact tracing that we're not at this stage missing any chains of community transmission, but it is really up to us. So the lockdown will end at 6pm tonight, but we are not out of the woods yet. So I want to talk about a few things that I really need Queenslanders to do, especially in the southeast and of course Townsville. Now we're all in this together, and we've got to have our trust in one another, and we've got to act as a community together.


Well, hello and welcome to Understand Men Now. I'm Jonathan Asley of johnathanasley.com and I'm so excited to be doing this live stream for you today. Our topic, the five things high quality women don't never do with men. They don't do these things. All right, really quickly, if you're new to my YouTube channel, please hit the subscribe button, hit the bell so you can be notified of new content. If in any time during this broadcast or watching the replay, I share something that resonates with you, please hit that like button for me. All right, let's get into the five things high quality women never do with men. Now, really quickly, when we use the term high quality, high value, whatever terminology you wanna use, what I really mean here is human beings who are emotional grownups, human beings who are emotional grownups. And there's two particular areas I wanna address with this. Oh, and by the way, if you're watching the replay, don't worry, I'm doing the content first, then going into the Q and A. All right, so the two things I want to identify of how an emotional grownup shows up in relationship is that they actually have a handle on their ego. They have a handle on their ego. And what I mean to say is our ego can do one of two things. It can make us out to be victims or it can make us out to be righteous. I'm gonna repeat that. It can make us out to be victims. And what I mean by that is victim consciousness or it can make us out to be righteous. So for example, you're in a relationship with a guy, you're having an argument or a disagreement about something. The ego might want you to step into, I'm right, you're wrong. That's not how a high quality person, a high value person or an emotional grownup person shows up in relationship because it's not about being right when you're in relationship. An emotional grownup is how can we resolve the problem? Okay, now I also said something about victim consciousness and sadly, most people are suffering from victim consciousness because they put blame on the other person when there's a challenge in the relationship. They make out the other person to be wrong. So when I'm talking about a high quality, high value man or woman, I'm talking about a person who knows it's not about being right, it's about resolving and it's about being in victor consciousness and not victim consciousness. And I'm not, and I'm talking about consciousness and I'm not talking about someone who was actually victim of something. All right, so now you might be wondering, well, Jonathan, what are these five things that high value, high quality women don't do? And I wrote this out. And by the way, you wanna stay for the fifth one because this is so critically important to all of this. Okay, I'm building up to a crescendo and the fifth is critically important, okay?  All of these things are oftentimes what shared. In fact, I've done a different video on this and those were some of the things we talked about, but actually today I wanna go deeper. I wanna go into the deeper things of what actually can turn off a relationship. In fact, what I'm about to share, the first four are not anything that I've made up. It's actually what I've read from a book. And by the way, if you're not familiar with the work of Dr. John and Julie Gottman, I highly recommend checking out the book, Eight Dates by Dr. John and Julie Gottman. Why this is so critically important to read this book is that these are marriage and family therapists who have studied, I think, 30,000 couples and studied what causes divorces. So when you can understand what causes divorces, you can reverse engineer how to create a successful relationship. So if you wanna create a successful relationship and you're like, read this book, read this book. But one of the things that Dr. John and Julie Gottman talk about is the four horsemen to the apocalypse, the four horsemen to the relationship apocalypse. And I'm gonna share those four and then we're gonna lean into the fifth one, okay? Now first is criticism, criticism. And this goes back to what I was saying before. Oftentimes when we criticize someone, we're either in our righteous mode or maybe we're in our victim mode. And so the important thing, and I'm just gonna read here, criticism. The important thing is to learn the difference between expressing a complaint and criticizing. So for example, a complaint is I was scared when you were running late and didn't call me. And I thought we had an agreement that we would do that for each other. That's a complaint. A criticism would be sound like this. You never think about your behavior, how your behavior is affecting other people. I don't believe you're that, I don't believe you are that forgetful, you're selfish, you never think of others. That is criticism. And criticism is one of the fundamental pieces that sabotage and ruin a relationship. So a high value person, a high quality person doesn't often lean into criticism. They might share what their frustration is, but they don't do it in a judgmental shaming way. Is this sinking in? Is this resonating? Please let me know, hit that like button. Okay, number two, and this goes back to the idea of righteousness. And that's when you're coming from, when you're in a state of contempt for another person, a state of contempt. So contempt goes far beyond criticism. While criticism attacks your partner's character, contempt assumes a position of moral superiority over them, moral superiority. So let me give an example of contempt, okay? You're tired, cry me a river. I've been with the kids all day long, running around like mad to keep this house going.  I don't have time to deal with another kid. Could you be any more pathetic? That's showing a level of contempt. And that, first off, a high value person, a high quality person doesn't, I mean, look it, we're human beings. We're all gonna make mistakes. But if you're consistently in a state of contempt, if you're significantly in a state of righteousness or your state of victim consciousness, you're going to ruin what could be a great relationship. And by the way, ladies, everything I'm saying here goes in reverse. If any guys are doing this, they're not a high quality person, they're emotionally unavailable, they're emotionally stunted, and they probably aren't going to be around very long in the relationship. Okay, number three is defensiveness. And here's the thing about defensiveness, is that it's natural for a human being when feeling challenged to get defensive because whether we're in victim consciousness or in righteous consciousness, it's very hard to not go into a place of pointing the finger at someone else when someone challenges you over something. So for example, when that complaint happened, when I was demonstrating earlier the complaint, the other person might go into defensiveness. That's a very natural reaction, okay? It's very natural. Emotionally mature person, emotional grownup, a high quality personal, high value person. Even if they were defensive, they immediately shift their perspective once the words have come out of their mouth. So it's not uncommon that it comes out. But true defensiveness oftentimes is pointing the finger at the other person. Defensiveness might look like what was known in the narcissistic realm as gaslighting when you turn it around and make it the other person's fault or reason behind it. So, and unfortunately this strategy is almost never successful. Our excuses just tell our partner that we don't take their concerns seriously and that we don't take responsibility for our mistakes. So for an example, question might be, did you, Tom, did you, excuse me, Tammy, did you call, let me repeat that. Here it's on my notes and I'm screwing it up. Did you call Betty and Ralph to let them know that we're not coming tonight as you promised this morning? A defensive response might sound like this. I was just too darn busy today. As a matter of fact, you know, you just know how busy my schedule was. Why didn't you just do it? That's not only getting defensive. That's turning it around and blaming the other person. This often happens. And this is not what a high quality person does. This is not what a high value person does. This is not what an emotional grownup does. Is this sinking in? Is this resonating? Please let me know. Okay, and don't forget, you gotta stay for number five because this is the crux of what a high value person doesn't do in relationship. But number four is stonewalling, stonewalling. Stonewalling occurs when the listener withdraws from the interaction, shuts down and simply stops responding to their partner. Rather than confronting the issues with their partner, people who stonewall can make evasive maneuvers such as turning it around, turning it the other way, acting busy or engaging in obsessive or distracting behavior. If you feel like you're stonewalling during a conflict, stop the discussion, ask your partner to take a break. So for example, this sounds like this in stonewalling. All right, I'm feeling too angry to keep talking about this. Can we please take a break and come back to it a bit later? It'll be easier for me to work this out. So why I'm bringing this up is it's very natural also when feeling confronted that you might need some space. A stonewaller is avoiding it at all costs versus a high value emotionally mature manner woman says, hey, I need a little break to reassess everything and then I'm gonna lean into this conversation. That's how an emotional grownup shows up in relationship. Is this sinking in? Is this resonating? Please let me know. Okay, so I said the fifth one is the most important and by far these four are the horsemen of the apocalypse as John and Julie Gottman talk about that kill relationships. But one thing a high value, high quality woman, manner woman doesn't do the following. And this is actually from the book, The Four Agreements. The Four Agreements. And if you're not familiar with this, by the way, all the books I recommend are in the description of this video. There's a Jonathan recommends books. There's my book listed there. There's my podcast. There's the link to schedule a discovery call with me and there's a link to my membership program. But why I wanna talk about this book in particular, one chapter in particular. And I wanna read this to you. The third agree, so The Four Agreements are the following. Be impeccable with your word. Don't take anything personally. Don't make assumptions, always do your best. Let me repeat that. Be impeccable with your word. Don't take anything personally. Don't make assumptions and always do your best. Okay, that's from the book, The Four Agreements. I'm actually taking the third agreement which is don't make assumptions. Ladies, and this is only for you. Most women make the assumption. Actually, let me backtrack. This is a human thing. But in relationship, women do it a certain way. Most humans make the assumption that everybody thinks like you do.  And literally whenever there is a misalignment, it's oftentimes they're making the assumption that the other person operates the way you do. So ladies, this is particularly important in the realm of relationships and commitment. Let me repeat this. This is so hugely important in the area of relationships and commitment. And one of the things you ladies do frequently is you make the assumption that the man is on the same page as you. The man is on the same page as you. And it's because you're not asking really good questions before you get involved with another human being. You're not, a lot of people are just doing the following. You like sushi, me too. You like stand-up paddle board? Oh my God, I do it every weekend. Do you like the Rolling Stones? I've seen them in concert five times. Oh my God, we're so compatible with one another. That's not compatibility, that's simple familiarity. I'm talking about going deeper. And one of the most important questions you can ask a guy, and I made some notes here, centers around commitment, commitment. And I wanna talk about this in a minute, but I really wanna lean into commitment because most women actively date because they want a partner in their life. They want commitment in their life, okay? And you're making the assumption that men altruistically want the same things. And yet many of you know that the number one search term for women is why are men commitment phobic? Why are men emotionally unavailable? Why do men ghost? Why do they disappear? If that's the number one search term, then you should operate from the premise that a lot of men operate like this. So maybe before the penis ever gets to go inside the vagina, you might wanna ask a lot better questions. In fact, you really wanna do this before you ever get too involved with a guy, okay? So for example, you might wanna say, tell me what commitment looks like for you. Describe what a committed relationship looks like for you. Explain to me why you want a committed relationship. I'm gonna repeat those. Tell me what a committed relationship looks like for you. Describe what your ideal committed relationship looks like and explain to me why you want a committed relationship. I mean, these are like first grade questions you should be asking before you ever really get to involve. But no, Jonathan, all the other dating coaches tell me that I should just have a good time, just have focus on having a good time, just being your feminine energy, and just have a good time, and just lean back and have a good time, because it's all about having a good time. Folks, let me tell you something. Dating is serious business because the number one emotional health issue facing almost everybody is I'm not good enough, I'm not lovable, and I'm not likable, and dating triggers this like nobody's business. Dating isn't about having a good time. Dating is a process of betting another person to decide if you wanna explore a relationship, and then a relationship is a betting process to decide if you wanna be in partnership with them. Stop focusing on having a good time and start being intentional. But Jonathan, every other coach tells me not to interview a guy. Don't interrogate him, don't interview him.  When you wanna get a job at a company, the employer interviews you, and you're interviewing the employer to see if you're right for each other. That's what the first meeting is. But no, Jonathan, it's supposed to be about having a good time, and the guy plans the date, and he has to be chivalrous, and he just pays for everything because he has to prove his worth to me, blah, blah, blah, because I deserve to be with a high quality guy. That's arrogance, and that's gonna set you up for failure. That's why I want you to lean into the recognition, don't assume people think the way you do. Start operating from the premise of being curious. Ask better questions in the dating process. What does commitment look like for you? Tell me why you want a serious committed relationship. Describe what your ideal relationship looks like on a regular basis. Now, I will tell you ladies, most men are dear in the headlights. Most men are dear in the headlights.  Okay, Ignorance is Blessed.  I love this mug. By the way, no cocktails here today. This is just my crystal light, because I do, I have a webinar later tonight. I'm doing a call to my membership group. By the way, I have a fantastic group called Midlife Love Mastery. Check out the link below to my group. This is a group where you can have direct access to me on a regular basis, talking about dating, mating, and relating. And this is an inexpensive way to have direct access to me if you can't afford private coaching. And we're doing a live call tonight where it's Q and A on the phone with me. Check out the link to Jonathan's group called Midlife Love Mastery. By the way, really quickly, is the audio good, is the video good? Please let me know as well. Okay, so I've covered those five things. I'm just gonna repeat them and then we're going to do Q and A. If you have a question, simply write the word question and then post, put a call in and then post your question or put a semi-call in if you wish and then put the question. So if you have questions, it's time for the Q and A now, but I wanna repeat those five things that a high value, high quality woman doesn't do. Number one, she doesn't criticize, okay? Number two, she doesn't operate from a place of contempt. Number three, she doesn't get overly defensive or gaslight her partner. Number four, she doesn't stonewall. And number five, she doesn't make assumptions assuming that the guy thinks the way she does. Is this making sense? Is this resonating? Hit that like button. All right, time for Q and A. So look what we've got here, Mary Beth. Question, when is the call tonight? Wasn't in the email audio question. Oh, Mary Beth, okay. So you're in my membership group. Go to the Facebook page, I listed it there. You have gotten emails, but you just didn't get them. So check your spam and junk folder. Otherwise I'll reach out to you right after the call. So thanks for that question. All right, do we have any other questions? Simply write the word question and then post the question. You know, as I'm waiting for questions to come in, I have another thought I've been pondering big time, centered around commitment. We often, let me just be clear with everybody, most human beings are very thirsty for connection and sex.  And so if you wanna have connection and sex, typically we make a commitment to the other person. That commitment is monogamy and exclusivity. Later on in this live stream, I wanna talk about commitment at a deeper level, but first I wanna take our next question from Barbara. So just remember, oftentimes in the beginning it's monogamy and exclusivity, but let's talk about a deeper level of commitment in a little bit. So let's take Barbara's question.  I don't understand the question because there's no question mark. So I'm sorry, Barbara, I don't understand your question. So rewrite it with the actual question. All right, question, S.B. Wright. We went on a date a while ago and he texts me every day, but he just wants to be friends. Could there be something more? Okay, so you went out a while ago, he texts you every day. Most likely he's texting you because he likes you. Most likely he's texting you because he appreciates your feminine energy, being connected to a female. And he likes talking to you because it's easier to talk to a woman than it is a man most likely about problems and things. Now, could there be something more? Who's always the potential for something more? However, most men who are relationship ready don't waste another human being's time, okay? Men who are relationship ready go after what they want. So most likely he's either not relationship ready or you're not the woman for him. So that's most likely the case. So the question is, what are you gonna do about that? Rather than focusing, ladies, I'm gonna do this. You oftentimes hyper focus on what the guy is doing. Why not saying what it is that you're doing? What it is that you want? And my invitation is SB, what do you want? If you want a relationship with him but he's neither not ready or not the one, what are you gonna do with that information? What are you gonna do about it? Why don't you tell me that next? Okay, Barbara writes, how would a high value woman approach a man who has been divorced within two years and had a child die of cancer? How would a high, well, like whether your high value, high quality, whatever, with compassion, with kindness, that's how you would approach it. Now, does that mean he's a good candidate to be in relationship? Absolutely not, okay? Someone who went through a divorce and lost a child, he might be suffering, he might be in mourning. It may be years before he's ready to be in relationship. How you approach it is simply with love and compassion. But that doesn't mean you should be approaching a relationship with him. What you should be asking yourself is he ready to be in a relationship? Ask him those questions we talked about, commitment. What does commitment, depending on how far you've gotten with them. But my question to you is, it takes a long time to heal from those two types of losses. So he may not be a good candidate to be in relationship with. That's my invitation for you. All right, question. Pat writes, what if it's the man stalling? Okay, so Pat, everything I talked about, criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling, assumptions. Men do the same thing, women do the same thing. What, so, men and women do those things. So what? Men and women do those things. So what? Men and women do those things. So what? Let's go deeper. What do you want, Pat? That's a good question to ask yourself. Or at least that's my invitation for you. All right, Joy. So if a man acts like a deer in the headlights and freezes when you do what a relationship looks like or from, what is the next thing to say to ease him into the conversation? Well, you know what? I'm gonna throw this out to you, Joy. Why should I spend time with you? Ask him that question. By the way, when a person, by the way, for those who are interested in private coaching, I have a link to in the description of the Schedule of Discovery call with me, one of my questions in my application is, why should I take you on as a client?  I threw in the F bomb in there. But truthfully, why do you wanna invest time in someone who doesn't know what they want?  How does that sound, Joy? I hope that helps. All right. Nadine writes, should you take a man back if he says he's ready for commitment now? Well, I guess it depends. It depends on why did he break up with you. It depends on how often you see each other. It depends on what commitment looks like for him. There's a lot of depends, okay? Now, oftentimes, I was gonna say it's, by the way, ladies, it's a role of the dice in many cases, whether or not two people are gonna have a juicy, delicious, healthy relationship. I'm gonna tell you something. Oftentimes it's a role of the dice, okay? And it's rare that two people so hit it off on the first date, get married and fall, get married and live happily ever after. It's the exception, not the rule, okay? Now, taking someone back might be part of your journey. Maybe part of your journey is to learn to love yourself. So you take someone back, they continue with their bad behavior or whatever caused the breakup and then you have to learn how to love yourself. This is why I'm highly recommend reading my book, What the Heck Is Self Love Anyway by Jonathan Asley. This is one of the reasons why we choose the wrong or bad relationships. We choose them so we can continually give us a chance to love ourselves, love ourselves, love ourselves. That's oftentimes why we choose unhealthy or bad relationships. So, you can give it a shot, give yourself 30 days, 60 days, see what it feels like and then give yourself another 30 or 60 days to see what it feels like and give yourself another 30 and 60 days. I would evaluate it every 30 days to see if he's actually moving towards something serious or just stringing you along, which a lot of guys do, they'll string you along. Once they've hooked you and then they leave, they've already hooked you. So we men know we can go back to the well because you women make it so easy. When you set a healthy boundary and it depends on why there was a breakup, depending on why, the thing is to move on. That's what the best thing oftentimes is the case. Is this sinking in? Is this resonating? Please let me know. All right.  What do I do? Have patience, have patience or leave. 38 year marriage. This is, my recommendation, go to a therapist, talk about what you guys both want and see if you're on the page. And if during the therapy session, you find that there's some common ground, maybe you can work it out. My recommendation, go see a therapist and if he says no to a therapist, then he's not serious about a relationship. Go see a therapist, work through your issues and then see if there's actually room for this relationship to work out. That's my recommendation, Pat. Smile, silly. Question, his actions and words shows he likes me a lot, a lot. When I confronted him, he said, I don't have feelings. I only care about, he said, I don't have feelings, I only care about you. What does this mean? His actions and words shows me, he likes me a lot. He said, I don't have feelings, I only care about you. I'm sorry, smile, silly, you just contradicted yourself. I don't have feelings, I only care about you. I care about you is a feeling. So I don't understand what he meant was, I don't have feelings. Now if he says, I don't have feelings for you, I only care about you, that is very similar to the difference between I love you and I'm in love with you. I love you simply means I care about you. I'm in love with you means I'm here, you matter. We are important, I've got your back. I'm not going anywhere and I only want you. Many men and women care for other people, but it doesn't mean that they actually love them or wanna go the distance with them. Love them and wanna go the distance with them. So I hope that helps. All right, Kerry writes, he asked me to be exclusive girlfriend within one week. All right, Kerry, I've done the same thing. When I'm smitten by a woman, we men are territorial. It is not uncommon and it is not narcissistic behavior. It doesn't mean anything when a guy wants exclusivity.  So we will ask for exclusivity rather early. If that's a turnoff for you, that's an issue for you because quite frankly, I think when a guy is enthusiastic that's a great place to be. Now you don't have to agree to exclusivity but here's my feeling. I only date one person at a time. If I like someone, I only date one person at a time. If the woman is dating multiple people and I like her, I drop her like a bad hat because if she doesn't see the value in me, and I do think, hey, look, I'm a little bit righteous, I'm a little bit, I have a little bit of attitude but if someone doesn't see the value in me and they feel the need to date multiple people, that's not my woman for me anyway. Now, I'm talking about if we've gone out on three dates and she still feels the need to go out with other people and she tells me that, I say wish her well, and by the way, I've done this, wish them well, good luck on your life. That's what I do because I only believe in dating one person at a time.  Look at how many weeks, let's see, there's 52 weeks in a year, I've got, let's see, 52 times 10, 500, 500 times, 52 times 10. So, 2,500 weeks I've lived in my life. If I can't invest three weeks to see if there's a possibility with someone because that's all you need is about three to four weeks to see I'm willing to take myself off the market to give someone a little bit of time and I would hope that a woman would do the same for me. That's just how I operate. All right, I hope that helps, Carrie. All right, what else do we have here? John, I have to go look if you reply to my comment, but how do you co-parent with a toxic person? He just called me names and I told him no more by what do I do? You know what, I'm a believer that if two people are toxic to one another, then it's best to, you have children. I'm a believer that as much as many people believe stay married for children, if it's toxic, I think that bleeds over for children. So I'm not a big proponent of staying in unhealthy toxic relationships, okay? If that's the, you know, I think what's best is go see a therapist, try to find a way to co-parent and go enjoy your life because guess what? We only get a chance, we only get one shot on this third rock from the sun. And when I say one shot, I mean, I'm a believer that we come back and do this over and over again, but you have this one shot. You know what, make the best out of your life and don't be with people that are toxic in your life. And even if you have children, find a way to either heal, find a way to love and be compassionate. But most of all, find a way to love and be compassionate on yourself instead of boundary. It'll be better for the children in the long run. At least that's my perspective anyway. I hope that helped. All right, K-Rise. I agree with, again, Jonathan, I don't like men or women having multiple dates at the time. Thank you, that's, I appreciate that you, looks like Attilia, Attia bought the same thing, so thank you so much. Okay, DeVita. DeV... No, DeV... Oh, anyway, I'm terrible at names, everyone. Please forgive me, I'm terrible at pronouncing names. Okay, question, we're talking for a month, we were great, very in sync, then he disappeared, goes to me. It's been almost two weeks. Is there any hope? I really like him, okay. Well, my first question is, when you say he ghosted you, did you try to follow up with him? Did you say, hey, I'm checking in, how's it going? I'm looking, you know, hey, do we have plans? You don't want to get together? Have you asked him out on a date? Have you checked in with him?  I can't believe she hasn't called me. Ladies, if you haven't made any effort, it's not ghosting. It's only ghosting is if you make effort and then he goes silent on you, that is true ghosting. And if he does that, actions speak louder than words. Action speaks louder than words. And my opinion is, choose people who are emotional grownups. Remember when I said about emotional grownups? They're not righteous, they're not victims, and they follow the four agreements. Read this book. I hope that helps. I hope that answers your question, by the way. All right. Ah, do we have any other questions? Leanne writes, I was friends with benefits relationship for two years with the man he ghosted me twice. I'm sorry that happened. All right, Jessica writes, what is the best way to tell a new ex that you no longer want to communicate with them? I have known this man for over a year.  I broke it off. Well, you can just simply, you can send a message, you can send a text message, you can send an email. Hey, I just wanna let you know that I'm no longer going to engage in communication with you. I wanna wish you all your best on your life and your journey, and may your kids and family be safe and healthy all my best. Send the message, then block the person on your phone.  That's my invitation for you, Jessica. I hope that helps. All right, let's see what else we have. Taylor writes, thank you for that as well. I really helped me and that was even my question. Okay, thanks, I'm happy to hear that. All right, Sarah writes, question, ended things with a guy that told me he wasn't over his ex-wife, he was toxic with me. He's contacted a dozen times over the past year wanting to meet up, but I keep saying no, am I right? All right, I'm almost sad that you have to ask me that. And I say this because you don't need me to validate your decision. You don't need me to validate your decision. The reason why you're needing some sort of validation is because you're either in, remember I said victim consciousness or you're in that righteous consciousness, which it sounds to me, I'm feeling a little bit of victim energy, okay? I'm not saying you are, I'm just saying that's the energy I feel. So if someone was toxic towards you and wasn't the right relationship and you ended, that is the right thing for you to do. By the way, let me just say this quickly for everybody. There is no such thing as right or wrong, okay? There's no such thing as right or wrong. What you do is what's right. And what I mean by, I mean it from a macro perspective, not a micro perspective. In that moment, that certainly was the right thing for you to do. And if that was the right thing for you to do, great. Okay, he doesn't sound like your guy. You don't need me to validate that for you, but I appreciate you asking the question anyway. I just don't, I want you ladies, you don't need validation for anything. Everything you do is right for you. Just lean into that. By the way, one of the chapters in my book, okay? My book, what the heck is self-love anyway, okay? Hold on a second. Is everything happens for you, not to you. Everything happens for you, not to you. That happened for you. You may not know the answer yet, but it happened for you. I hope that helps. All right. Iris writes, can you please tell me again why long distance relationships don't work for men? I hear it, thanks. Okay. So we men don't bond over the telephone. We don't bond over the telephone.  That's one physical experience. Doing social activities, hobbies, going out with family and friends. That's how we bond with another human being. Now we do bond sexually a little bit, but very little.  So here's the thing about long distance. You could be talking, talking, talking, talking, talking, talking, talking, talking, talking on the phone, talking on the phone, talking on the phone.  He's about bonding this much with you over the telephone. A relationship requires being face to face.  And that's not a weekend where you, that doesn't include sleep. I'm talking about a hundred hours of a variety of different activities over at least a 10 date period of time, 10 different activities before we get to the first layer of bonding with another human being. That's the minimum it takes. So here's what happens with long distance.  I'm gonna say this with long distance, every single first meeting turns into sex.  Now we like you and we might come back. It depends on how long distance, okay? Let me differentiate between 30 miles, 300 miles and 3000 miles. I'm talking about where it's gonna take quite a bit of effort to get together. So we might come back to the well every once in a while but if you're not physically doing shared activities, hobbies, mutual interests, he's not bonding with you.  He's not in love with you. That's not how men, that's not how humans bond. Only children bond over the telephone.  That's what Gen Zs do.  Adults don't bond that way if you wanna learn how to be an adult by this book, how to be an adult in relationship, great book to buy. All right, I hope I answered your question, Iris. Vanessa writes, he did mention sex but respectively ex, I don't know what that is. Any rules for sex on long distance relationship? I usually wait but we'll be making, we'll be talking for over a month.  It's gonna happen. We don't fly, we don't travel, we don't drive. We don't invest a month of time if we don't think we're gonna get laid. And so that's what happens.  It happens this, so you spend a weekend together. It's gonna happen before he leaves, I can promise you. And if he doesn't, I highly doubt he'll ever come back again, okay? This is the dilemma with long distance. I'm not saying it's right, I'm just telling you what happens, okay? All right, question. Jessica says, thank you, so simple, so straightforward. I love your approach, thank you. Leanne writes, I was in a friends with benefits situation for two years. He goes to me twice. I'm on a different level of maturity than he is. Question, if he comes back, what should I say?  I deserve better. You just answered your question. That's what you say. You don't need me to tell you that. That was, you've already had the answer, okay? I don't think I would say it that way. I would just say, hey, thank you. I'm not feeling like I wanna engage in this. I wanna wish you all the best on your journey and your life, your family and your friends. And I'm gonna just continue communicating with you. That's how I would respond. Rosie writes, boyfriend and I'm with is scared of love and he wants me but has fears. I'm working on myself also because of my anxiety. Is this a relationship that can work out? So actually two wounded people can actually make it work out. I highly recommend buying this book, Eight Dates by Dr. John and Julie Gottman and reading the book together, read the book together because this would be a great start for helping you decide if this is the right relationship to move forward in. Does that help? I hope so. All right. So you know what, I'm gonna share a thought I have with you. I'm not gonna be taking any more questions, okay? I wanna share a thought I have with you all. And this centers around commitments. And this is critically important. Do me a favor. Here, hold on a second. Bear with me one second. Okay. This centers around commitment, okay? And that is the first layer of commitment in dating is monogamy and exclusivity. That's really the first layer of commitment. It's agreeing that you're gonna be monogamous with one another and you're not gonna date other people. So what's the next layer of commitment? Well, think about it from this perspective. The ultimate commitment is I wanna take care of you. I wanna take care of you. Think about the wedding vows for richer for poorer through sickness and health, better or worse till death do us part. It says I wanna take care of you. Ladies, a lot of you are in relationship with men that don't wanna take care of you. Maybe it's because of financial reasons. Maybe it's because of emotional reasons. Maybe there's a fear that he has like what the previous person wrote about. Maybe there's an insecurity, whatever it is, ultimately you have to get down to the bottom line of what does commitment look like for you? Describe what commitment looks like for you. First ladies do it for yourself and then ask men these questions because the bottom line ultimately, once you get past monogamy and exclusivity is are you investing in this person? Are they investing in you? Are you investing in them? From the perspective of hey, I wanna go the distance. And the ultimate distance is I'm willing to take care of you. And a lot of humans aren't prepared for that. This is one of the reasons why my private coaching program, I teach you how to vet for emotional maturity. I teach you how to vet for men who are ready for serious commitment versus the ones who just want connection and sex who are incapable of going the distance. So if you need help with that, check out the link to a free discovery call with me to see if working with a coach is right for you. It's in the description below. Schedule a free discovery call. You know, there's so much I can talk about tonight but today I'm gonna keep it a little bit shorter than normal. I just wanna say this.  There's no doubt about it. It's because humans are rather naive to what relationships all about. So when I talk about all of these books that I bring up again and again and again, it's because I wanna help you help yourself. I'm gonna repeat that. I want you to help yourself. This is why reading the books.  Jonathan, my boyfriend and I are reading your book.  I love hearing that because there are men who are capable of going deeper. It just requires a little bit of a nudge on your part but really it's about asking whether or not you're on the same page. So stop making the assumption, like I said earlier, that you two are on the same page.  And what I mean to say is you have to be the emotional leader of the relationship and it starts by asking really good questions. Stop listening to the narrative that dating is just supposed to be fun.  We live in a world of magic fairy dust or do you wanna live in reality? And that is learn how to be an adult in relationship. Learn how these things work. And when you do that, you have a greater chance for success and that's my invitation for you. Are you willing to do the work? Tell me if you're willing to do the work. Give me a thumbs up, post a comment below. Let me know you're willing to do the work and that work is particular is finding out are you on the same page with him? Don't ever assume he's on the same page with you. The sooner you get to that answer, the greater chance you have for success in relationship. All right, I think this will be a good time to wrap up. I wanna say, oh, Doug made it. Finally, Doug made it. Hey everybody, ladies, Doug is on the house. Wait a minute, I'm just, I gotta give him props. Ladies, this is a good guy. I hope he's a good guy, I don't know him personally but he seems like a good guy.  Ladies, there are good men out there. They're guy like Doug and I hopefully you heard what I had to share Doug but let me just say this. There are great men out there. Most men are good guys, they're just bad daters. Doesn't mean, Doug said yes, guys are here willing to do the work. Yes they are, most men are good guys, they're just bad daters. This is why it's not your job to tell them what to do but you can certainly lead by example and that starts by asking good questions and if you need help and support and love on that, schedule a call with me or join my group called Midlife Love Mastery. We're doing a webinar tonight so I'd love to have you join and if you can't, I keep watching my YouTube videos, listen to my podcast, get my book and let me know that you're doing great, that you're experiencing a juicy, I wanna hear about all those women who actually attract a great guy in your life, guys like Doug, all right. This is a great time to put a stop right here so I wanna thank Cindy, I wanna thank Tina, I wanna thank Joy, I wanna thank Kay, I wanna thank Taylor and Doug and everyone else who joined us tonight. I wanna thank you from the bottom of my heart and we're gonna wrap up this video like I always do, those who know me know I do the following.  Oh, we all need self love, give yourself a hug right now, do me a favor, give yourself a hug and I'm gonna reach into the camera and give you a hug of love if that's okay. I'm gonna ask you to turn to someone or a pet or a teddy bear or a pillow and I give it or them a hug of love because hugs are a great source of love and let's face it, we can all use more love in our lives. I wanna thank you so much and wishing you a super duper wonderful day. Bye bye now.


In a previous video, we attempted to solve the equation sine theta minus cosine theta equals one, and we wanted to find all solutions from zero to two pi. And we were successful in doing that. The basic idea is we move cosine to the side and we squared both sides. We got sine squared equals one plus cosine quantity squared, you foiled that out. And then we use a Pythagorean identity to turn into a quadratic equation, we solve it. I wanna revisit this problem here because when we've saw it in the previous lecture, we weren't considering any changes to the period. If you allow for period changes with your trigonometric functions, it turns out there's other ways you could solve these various problems and then maybe you like it better. So let's see a different approach to this one.  So let's just leave it as it is and just square both sides. Now, noticed by squaring both sides, we are potentially entering into the equation, party crash or solutions, which are not really solutions, they're fakers. So we have to make sure we check for those at the end of this problem.  Now, we're still gonna use a Pythagorean identity. We end up with of course here a sine squared plus cosine squared. That's gonna give us, of course, one. We just end up with a one minus two sine theta, cosine theta, this equals one. We can subtract one from both sides. We end up with negative two sine theta, cosine theta is equal to zero. Now, at this moment, you could be like, okay, sine equals zero, of course, at zero and pi. Cosine equals zero at pi halves and three pi. And then you could proceed to eliminate who's a party crasher from there. We'll come back to that in a second. This is the main, and that would be a perfectly valid approach, something that would be very appropriate for the previous lecture. What I wanna do instead, though, is look at this. Well, we have a two sine theta, cosine theta. That's just negative sine of two theta equals zero. Times both sides by negative one, you get sine of two theta equals zero, for which then we get that two theta is gonna equal, well, what is sine equal to zero? Sine equals zero at zero, so you take any two pi multiple of that, or sine of zero at pi, so you're gonna get pi plus two pi k as well. So really, if you have even multiples, if you have zero plus two pi k and then pi plus two pi k, those are just all multiples of pi, so you could just simplify that just as pi k, right? Like so, and then theta, if you divide by two here, two theta divided by two, of course, is theta. Pi k divided by two is you're gonna get pi halves k. And notice then you reproduce all of these answers here again. So you're gonna get, if you take k to be zero, you get zero. If you take k to be one, you're gonna get pi halves. If you take k to be two, you get pi. If you take k to be three, you get three pi halves, and then at four, you've wrapped around. So you get all the same solutions, and these is what we saw previously when we tried this video another time. Now, of course, you do have to check these solutions, of course. If you plug in zero, you're going to get zero, excuse me, you're gonna get zero minus one, which is negative one, that doesn't work. So zero, we take away.  So negative negative one is positive one, that one works out. If you try pi halves, sine is one, cosine is zero, so that one works out. And if you try three pi halves, you'll end up with, for sine, of course, you're going to get negative one. For cosine, you get zero, so that doesn't work out here. So the actual solutions are pi and pi halves. This agrees with what we saw earlier, but I just want to show you different ways we could solve this same equation. The Pythagorean equation basically was unavoidable here, but we can't solve it using multiple angles. And as long as you are good about your period here, remember the two pi, you can get all the solutions. And this provides perhaps a simpler approach to the approach we tried earlier. So this brings us to the end of lecture 23. It also brings us to the end of our seventh unit about trigonometric equations in our lecture series. We'll see more trigonometric equations later on and other trigonometric problems. These type of things show up in calculus all the time. So it's very important that students have this skill set developed here from chapter seven. If you learned anything while watching these videos for chapter seven, please hit the like button. Subscribe if you wanna see more videos about trigonometry or other mathematical topics in the future. And as always, if you have any questions, feel free to post them in the comments below and I'll be happy to answer them at my soonest convenience. Bye everyone.