for this to start up you are wondering what we are going to talk about this is basically about the next couple of weekends later the workshop that we plan to conduct. The idea is that you know you have spent a lot of time now learning about various subjects and you have also been teaching about those subjects so the point here is now as a teacher do you worry about problems like students not being engaged with the topic or students being only exam oriented or students not being able to cope with the syllabus so as teachers all of us worry about these problems and many of us have tried ideas to tackle these problems in our class some people have created groups and had students to work in groups too so that the students who are doing well are able to help the students who are not doing so well others have tried various other ideas like assignments and things like that so the point is would you like to know how to convert these ideas into a research paper so that is the basic goal of this workshop so we plan to conduct a two day workshop on research in education technology this workshop will provide an introduction to conducting research in education technology and it is like I just mentioned it is aimed at faculty who have used some innovative teaching method or developed a technology tool for teaching in learning and are interested in conducting an educational research study around it ok. So the key reason for doing this is that there are two reasons one reason is that there are lots of teachers in India who have these innovative ideas but we have not been able to provide them with a forum for sharing these ideas with other teachers or for being for or to get them to write it up as a research study and the second is since the past three years we have been running this conference called technology for education and from the T4E 2013 onwards if you look at the slide so from T4E 2013 onwards we plan to have separate track for the dissemination of such innovative teaching ideas that is the reason for conducting this workshop and as a disclaimer let us say in the beginning itself that this workshop is focused on research in teaching and learning so it is not going to address techniques for conducting research in core engineering and science so sometimes people do mistakes saying that ok I want to know how to use XYZ simulator or I want to know how to do research in thermodynamics or something else so this workshop is not about research in the core discipline this workshop is only about research in teaching and learning ok. So the target audience as I just mentioned are you faculty in at the tertiary level in engineering and science and if there are PhD students who are interested in this research they are also welcome to attend ok and maybe I will just hand over to my colleague Professor Sanna Muthi here for describing the details of the workshop. Some more details about the format and the content that is going to be in the workshop the dates for the workshop are February 2nd and 9th in 2013 and these are two consecutive Saturdays and the reason we have structured it in this manner is that the week in between is also part of the workshop even though we would not be here live. So there will be assignments mood based assignments before the workshop pre-workshop assignments there will be important assignments that you will have to do in the week between the 2nd and the 9th and even after the workshop there will be some assignment so the even though the live part of the workshop is on the 2nd and the 9th the actual work that you will be doing and the feedback that we will be giving will be spread over a number of larger number of days. In order to get a participation certificate submission of assignments is mandatory, it will be the content and the sessions within the workshop. So as mentioned earlier the goal of the workshop is to help you take an idea an innovative idea that you have used for teaching and learning and convert it into a research study and this research is research in educational technology. So there will of course be a fair number of sessions where you will be introduced to the principles and the practices and the guidelines theory sessions on the research methods in educational technology but equally or even more importantly there will be a lot of practical sessions where you will apply these principles and guidelines and you will use it to solve your problem to address your ideas and so on. So for example, one of the initial things you will do in the workshop is to identify a topic for this research study within educational technology. For example, you may have developed a tool to help teach a certain topic better a technology tool. So how would you implement this tool, how would you determine its effectiveness and so on could be one topic. On the other hand you may have tried some strategy in a large class to make it more interactive. So that this is what I mean by identifying a topic for your educational technology research. You will also have to identify which domain related topic you will do your implementation and effectiveness study. There will be several exercises during the workshop where you will in fact begin writing, begin planning and even begin to write part of the paper related to your study and there will be a couple of peer review sessions where you will get feedback not only from us but also from each other as to what is working and what is not working. So all this is part of the structure of the workshop. Specific content I will go through this quickly because I think from the previous slide it is more or less here. We will cover topics like what are different types of research problems in educational technology. There are two or three different themes and different types of problems. One important or a significant time will be spent on how to read and analyze a research paper because before we begin writing or conducting a study we need to learn how to analyze the different parts and different aspects of a research paper in education technology. And then a bulk of the time will be devoted to talking about how to convert your innovative idea into the study. And finally the important piece which closes all this is how do you and I mean how do you conduct a study of effectiveness. What would you measure? What sort of assessment instruments like questionnaires will you device and so on? That is going to be another part of the workshop content. So why should you attend this workshop and what will you be getting out of this workshop? Firstly you will be getting a running start into doing into beginning a study or doing starting to do research in education technology. All of you are domain experts and you would have tried some idea in terms of teaching and learning. So now we are looking at how to convert the idea in teaching learning into a systematic research in education technology. Practically if you do all the assignments and even continue beyond the workshop you will be getting guidance on planning and writing a paper that you can submit to T4E2013. So what we are claiming is that we will guide you into how to get your paper accepted at this conference. It is an IEEE international conference. It is this 2013 will be the fifth year of its running and it is being held in IIT Kharagpur in December next year. After the workshop those of you who have completed the assignment the top 200 of the completed assignments you would get additional mentoring one on one mentoring via Moodle to complete your paper to conduct your study and complete your paper. And this mentoring would be given by the faculty, staff and TAs of the educational technology department at IIT Bombay. And furthermore the top 10 would be invited to come here spend a week with us and you will get a lot of face to face mentoring, lot of time individual time on how to revise your paper how to improve it. And all this will go on until the T4E2013 submission deadline which is approximately 30th June. TADA is included for the people who will be invited to spend time here. But I should mention that the third point where you get additional mentoring there is a lot of individual feedback you will get here on how to write and revise your paper. So this is quite valuable. If you have further questions or if you simply want to show your interest in participating you can sign up on Moodle the link will be posted in middle of January roughly around the 10th of January. And as soon as you sign up there will be a pre workshop assignment and that is really important for you to do before you participate. Any other questions or clarifications please contact our eOutreach team. Thank you. Okay if you have any questions please raise your hand if you have any questions regarding this workshop. Okay this is Javaharlal Nehru Institute of Technology in Madhya Pradesh viewer 127 over to you. Basically it is indicated that one has to sign up on Moodle the link will be available on 1st January. So and that is the pre workshop assignment so whether the workshop assignment will also be there on the Moodle. Okay thank you for your question. What type of assignment one has to submit. Okay thanks for your question. Firstly a clarification the Moodle link will be available around January 10th not the 1st sometime around and it might be a couple of days before that but we will we will also send out some notification when the Moodle link is up. The pre workshop assignment will also be on Moodle so when you sign up you will be able to see the assignment and you will have sufficient time at least 2 weeks to do the assignment. It will be of the nature of reading and analyzing a paper the exact details will be available on Moodle you will be able to see it when you sign up. You will get a Moodle link when you register online and the registration form will be available on our National Mission website. The registration will be very similar to what you did in this course. Over to you. One more question please. Hello, there is one more question as you are going to workshop on educational technology so would we be able to expect that which kind of research you are going to do? I hope some learning technology including brain mapping and kind of learning through say some neurons and like these kind of research you are going to do or anything else. Ok let me just go back to one of the slides. As mentioned in the second point here the research ideas are in fact coming from you. So what we are aiming this workshop at are faculty members who have used some innovative teaching and learning idea or who have developed a tool and you want to convert that into a research study. See you might have done some idea and you might have thought that students like that or you may have felt that they learnt more but these results if you simply go and tell somebody they will say that well it worked in your class how do I know it works in mine. So if you want to share your results in a more systematic manner you will need to do a research study on this. So what are the educational research methods in order to take this idea your idea and convert it into a study is what we will be covering in the workshop. What we will not do are techniques for brain research or we will not talk anything about learning theories or even the research idea comes from you. So we will not be saying that you have to do vision tracking or brain research or any other thing here. We will take your idea and help you convert it into an implementable study. Over and out we will go to the next centre. I think this will be the last centre we can take a question from. 1089 please go ahead with your question. We will upload the question and the means to submit the assignment on the Moodle link once it is available. Middle of January and as soon as you register on the registration form the Moodle link will be put up and after that you will be able to find out the link for your assignment. Over and out I think that is back to Professor Gayathandi. If you have any other questions put them on Moodle and I will pass them on to Professor Smurthy and here. Lunchtime now. So let us break for lunch.


Quick update from Davos. I'm not in Davos. I'm in New York City, but I'm reading up on what's happening in Davos. Because we need to keep an eye on the World Economic Forum because what happens there tends to spread everywhere and tends to have a huge impact on both intellectual, political, and economic thinking that occurs between World Economic Forum get-togethers. Anyway, one of the big stories out of the World Economic Forum is, and I actually mentioned this and I talked about this on one of the shows before the WEF. So I was on top of this story way before it became a big story. And that is the conflict between the United States and Europe over trade. And in particular, the fact that the Inflation Reduction Act that the Biden administration passed provides subsidies to U.S. tech and alternative energy companies in ways that violate trade agreements with Europeans. Europeans are super upset. China subsidizes industries. Now, I've argued that that does not help their industries. It actually hurts them. But China subsidizes the interest. The United States feels like, oh no, we need to start subsidizing our industries. So the United States subsidizes its industries and that gives them a perceived comparative advantage versus Europe. So Europe now looks at that and says, wait a minute, now we're being screwed. So we're going to subsidize our business. So what happens is once you start on the central planning, once you start on this government, on state intervention into economics and subsidies and trade barriers and tariffs and the whole gamut of issues, really, I think were brought to the forefront by the Trump administration when Trump was president and have just gotten worse since with Biden just taking on Trump's policies and making them even worse. This is accelerated. Europe is now because of the because of the Inflation Reduction Act and all the subsidies involved in it. And because of the CHIP Act and the subsidies involved in it, Europe is now saying it's put its industries at a significant disadvantage. There's a lot of discussion at Davos at the World Economic Forum between different world leaders, business leaders and so on and how to in a sense combat this, how to address this. And it looks like Europe is going to put together a massive economic bill that is going to subsidize. And so all the positive moves that have been made in the global economy in terms of reduction of tariffs, reduction of trade barriers, reduction of subsidies, reduction of state central planning, certainly in the sense of trying to across countries at least. We were making enormous progress in those realms. I mean, subsidies were down, trade barriers were down, tariffs were down. I'd say between 1991 and really starting in World War II, after World War II, but certainly from the early 1990s through 2016, massive gains in terms of world trade, in terms of freedom of trade, in terms of reduction of subsidies and a reduction in the involvement in government in the economy. And since then, and this is even true during Clinton administration, during Obama administration, and starting with Trump and now definitely on steroids with Biden, all the bad policies Trump started, Biden has doubled up on. And this shows the unity of Republicans and Democrats when it comes to these kind of things. They have doubled up on them and you're now seeing a deterioration in the terms of trade globally. You're seeing trade barriers going up, you're seeing increased in subsidies, increased in state controls, and all of this in my view stimulated by the U.S., all of this being led by the U.S. And right now, Biden's trade representative is in Europe telling them that we have now a new approach to trade and that approach to trade has to advance the needs of American workers, protect the environment, and create inclusive prosperity that is reducing inequality in the United States. So that means trade barriers, trade management, trade manipulation, bad news. For all of us. Those of us who believe in economic liberty, economic freedom, Trump and Biden have been a disaster for us. So that is going on. So in the background, there's a lot of these negotiations going on around Europe's response to the latest Biden administration, parts of which were bilateral, both Republicans and Democrats supported to subsidize and support American industry. That's one thing going on in Davos, just to give you a sense of what Davos has these panels with all these important people. One of the panels that they had featured Republican Governor of Georgia, Brian Kemp, it included Senator Joe Manchin from West Virginia, Kristen Sinema from Arizona, Governor Pritzker, Democrat from Illinois, all talking about the U.S. and the status of the U.S., but all really using the opportunity to pitch their states, their particular areas for more investment to bring people in. But Kemp was quite aggressive trying to pitch Georgia as a place where global companies should be investing. So they have these panels, a lot of people sit around. And I think the real action in World Economic Forum happens in the back rooms where these leaders meet and discuss a variety of different issues and schmooze with corporate leaders and all of that is kind of intermingled. The mingling is where the real action actually happens. Okay, one other interesting story coming out of Davos, over 200 million, I don't know the exact number, but more than 200 million is signed a letter that was submitted to the World Economic Forum in Davos where they are urging the global elites, the politicians, corporate leaders to start working towards an advocate for much higher taxes on the ultra-rich on themselves. So we're talking about ultra-rich people saying we want to pay more taxes, raise our taxes. The letter says, tax the ultra-rich and do it now. It says, it's simple common sense economics. It's an investment in our common good and a better future that we all deserve and as million is, we want to make that investment. Now, of course, they could all write checks to the government that nobody has to force them to do it. But notice, I've always said this, people always think no rich people vote against taxes and poor people vote to increase the taxes on the rich. That's not how it works. The rich vote to raise their taxes on themselves all the time. This is the guilt, this is the ignorance that unfortunately our culture incocates in the wealthy. They describe themselves in this case as a group of high net worth Americans who share profound concern about the destabilizing level of inequality in America. And they want their taxes raised and the focus is on America, but its focus really is globally, right? 206 signatories, actually from 12 countries. So it's not just Americans, but the Americans dominate the list. But it is fascinating. They call themselves, by the way, they call themselves patriotic millionaires, millionaires who care about their country. So they want to have higher taxes on themselves and on the other millionaires who maybe don't care about their country. Just the association of patriotism with paying higher taxes is bizarre and offensive, right? Thank you for listening or watching The Iran Book Show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. You get value from listening, you get value from watching. Show your appreciation. You can do that by going to iranbookshow.com.  Also, if you'd like to see The Iran Book Show grow, please consider sharing our content and of course subscribe. Press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. And for those of you who are already subscribers and those of you who are already supporters of the show, thank you. I very much appreciate it.


Big day on the golf courses. Brainerd and Bemidji playing in their section championship down in Cold Spring. We'll get to that later. Right here in Bemidji, it was day two of the Section 8A championships. 64 golfers and three geese on the course this week. Get off the greens. Remy Goodwin, the freshman from Winimac. Chips as good as he chases off birds and 89 on the day. 17th overall. Tony Carlin from Fauston, just in seventh grade. The nice putt here, 95 yesterday, 102 today. His teammate, Karsten Brodley, rolling it in from 15 feet. On 83 today, he finishes fifth overall. That'll send him to state. On the girls side, Karris Peterson on the par three seventh. 88 today, a fifth place finish for her as well. Qualifies for state. Fellow Greyhound, Annie Smith had her work cut out for her. Makes the putt here on 18. That puts her into a playoff for the last spot. No pressure here. A couple of people watching there. Playoff not as kind for her. First hole misses that. That would have given her the playoff. And on the second hole, she just misses here. So Andrew Clark of Fertile Beltrami takes the last spot. For the team winners, you know if you win this tournament, you jump in Lake Bemidji, Fertile Beltrami, the win for the boys. And on the girls side, Badger Greenbush, Middle River. The team excited to jump. Got to drag the coach in. They are your team winners. Your individual medalist on the girls side, Sydney Huffnagle of Lake of the Woods. 82 on both days. Her fourth year going to state. And despite the poor conditions, she was able to get it done with ease. Well, we had not the best weather, so had to stay focused with that. And I knew I had to keep good mindset and just had to stay focused. Yesterday, I thought it went pretty well. Today, I tried to keep my score a little bit lower than yesterday, but I did the best with what I had and played pretty well.


From the SiliconANGLE Media Office in Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE. Now, here's your host, Dave Vellante. Oh, everyone, and welcome to this week's episode of Wikibon's CUBE Insights, powered by ETR. In this breaking analysis, we're going to take a break from our traditional spending assessment and share with you our advice on how to deal with this crisis, specifically shifting your physical to digital in the age of coronavirus. So we're not going to be digging into the spending data. I talked to ETR this week, and they are obviously surveying on the impact of COVID-19, but those results won't be ready for a little bit. So the CUBE team has been in discussions with over 20 companies that have events planned in the near term, and the inbound call volume has been increasing very rapidly. Now, we've been doing digital for a decade, and we have a lot of experience, and we're really excited to share our learnings, tools, and best practices with you as you try to plan through this crisis. So look, this is uncharted territory.  You have to act and you have to make decisions. This will reduce uncertainty for your stakeholders, your employees, and of course your community. Now as you well know, major physical events are dropping very fast as a risk mitigation measure. Mobile World Congress, HIMS canceled, CUBECon was postponed, IBM Think has gone digital, and so it goes. Look, if you have an event in the next three weeks, you have little choice, but to cancel the physical attendee portion of that event. You really have three choices here. One is to cancel the event completely and wait until next year. Now the problem with that is that type of capitulation doesn't really preserve any of the value related to why you were originally holding the physical event in the first place. Now you can do what CUBECon did and postpone till the summer or kind of indefinitely, okay, that's a near term decision on the event, but now you're in limbo. But if you can sort out a venue down the road, that might work. The third option is to pivot to digital. It requires more thought, but what it does is allow you to create an ongoing content arc that has benefits. The number one complaint brands tell us about physical events is that after the event, they don't create a post event halo effect. A digital strategy that spans time will enable that. This is important because when the market comes down, you're going to be able to better leverage digital for your physical events. The key question you want to ask is what are the most important aspects of that physical event that you want to preserve and that start thinking about building a digital twin of those areas. But it's much more than that and I'll address this opportunity that we think is unfolding for you a little later. Your challenge right now is to act decisively and turn lemons into lemonade with digital. Experiences are built around content, community, and the interaction of people. This is our philosophy. It's a virtuous cycle where data and machine intelligence are going to drive insights. Discovery by users is going to bring navigation which leads to engagement and ultimately outcomes. Now very importantly, this is not about which event software package to use. Do not start there. Start with the outcome that you want to achieve and work backwards. Identify the parts of that outcome that are achievable and then work from there. The technology decision will be easy and fall out of it if you take that path. So out of a high level, you have two paths. One, which is the preferred path is to pivot to digital on the right hand side, especially if your event is in March or early April. Two is hold your physical event but your general counsel is going to be all over you about the risks and precautions that you need to take. There are others better than I do advise you on those precautions. I've listed some here on the left hand side and I'm going to publish this on Wikibon but you know what to do there. But we are suggesting and advising for the near term events that you optimize for digital. That's the right side. Send out a crisp and clear communications Adobe has a good example that asks your loyal community to opt in for updates and start the planning process. You want to identify the key objectives of your event and build a digital program that maximizes the value for your attendees and maps to those objectives. We're going to share some examples that theCUBE participated in this week on what really might look like the digital event and we'll share that with you. Events software should come last. Don't even worry about that until you've envisioned your outcome. I'm going to talk about software tools a little bit later. So new thinking is required, we believe. The old way was a big venue, big bang event. You get thousands of people you're spending tons of money on a band. There's exhibitor halls. You're not going to preserve that, obviously. Rather think about resetting the physical and optimizing for digital which really is about serving a community. Now let's talk about, again, what that might look like in the near term and then we're going to close on how we see this evolving to a new era. The pattern emerging with our sponsors and our clients is they want to preserve five key content areas from physical, not necessarily all of them but in some combination. First is the keynotes. You bring together a captive audience and you have your customers there, they want to hear from executives. Your customers have made a bet on you and they want to feel good about it. So one is keynotes. Two is the breakout sessions, the deeper dives from subject matter experts. Third are technical sessions. A big reason customers attend these events is to get technical training. Four is to actually share news in a press conference-like format. And the fifth area that we've seen is, of course, the cube. Many of our customers have said we not only want you to turn key the digital event, we want the cube or we want to plug the cube into our digital production that we are running. Now these are not in stone, they're just examples of what some of the customers are doing and they're blending keynotes into their press conference and there's a lot of different use cases. I want to stress that initially everyone's mindset is to simply replicate physical to digital. It's fine to start there, but there's more to this story that I'll address later on. So let's have a look at what something like this might look like in the near term. Here's an example of a digital event we did this week with a company called Aviatrix, a small company, but very nice look for their brand, which is a priority for them. You can see the live audience vibe. This was live, but it can be prerecorded. All the speakers were together in one place. You can see that very high production value. Now some of our clients have said, look, assume we want to do this completely remote with 100% of the speakers distributed. And our feeling is that's much more challenging for high value events. Our strong recommendation is plan to get the speakers into a physical venue and ideally get a small VIP slash influencer audience to be there. Make the audience feel important with the vibe of a VIP event.  But for your brand value, you really want to look as professional as possible. Same thing for keynotes. You can see how good this looks, nice stage, it's lighting, it blue lights and a live audience. Now this was a higher end production with a venue and food and music for the intros and outros, very professional audio and visual. And this requires budget. You got to think about at least $200 to $300,000 and up for a full blown event as you bring in influencers and the like. But you have options. You can scale it down. You can host the event at your facility, host it at our facility in Palo Alto. I'll talk about that a little later. Use your own people for the studio audience. Use your own production people and dial back the glam, which will lower the cost. Just depends on the brand that you want to convey and of course your budget. Now as well, you can run the event as a live or as a simulive. You can prerecord some or all of the segments. You can have a portion like the press conference and or the keynotes run live and then insert the breakouts into the stream as a simulive or as on-demand assets. You have options. And before I talk about the technical sessions, I want to share another best practice. The Cube this week participated in a digital event at Stanford with the women in data science organization, WIDS. And we plugged into their digital platform. WIDS is amazing. They created a hybrid physical slash digital event and again had a small group of VIPs and speakers on site at Stanford with keynotes and panels and breakouts and then the Cube interviews all were streaming. What was really cool is they connected to dozens and dozens of outposts around the globe. And these outposts hosted intimate meetups and participated in the live event. And of course, all the content is hosted on demand for a post event halo effect. I want to talk a little bit about technical sessions. Whereas with press conferences and keynotes, we're strongly recommending a higher scale and stronger brand production. With technical sessions, we see a different approach working. Technical people are fine with earbuds and laptop speakers. Here's an example of a technical talk that Dan Hushin, who's the senior VP and CTO at DXC has run for years using the CrowdChat platform. He used the free community edition along with Google handouts and has run dozens and dozens of these tech talks designed for learning and collaboration. Look, you can run these weekly as part of the pregame up to your digital event. You can run them day of the event at the Crescendo and you can continue the cadence post event for that halo effect that I've been talking about. Now let's spend a moment talking about software tooling. There are a lot of tools out there. Some super functional. Some are monolithic and bloated. Some are just emerging and you may have some of these either licensed or you might be wed to one-on-one. Webinar software like On24 and Brightcob and there's other platforms, that's great, awesome. From our standpoint, we plug right into any platform and they're really agnostic to that. But the key is not to allow your software to dictate the outcome of your digital event. Technology should serve the outcome, not the reverse. Let me share with you the cubes approach to software. The first thing I want to tell you is our software is free. We have a community additions that are very robust. They're not neutered and we're making these available to our community. We've taken a cloud native horizontally scalable angle bringing to bear the right tools for the right job. We don't think of software just to hold content. Rather, we think about members of the community and our goal is to allow teams to form and be successful. We see digital events creating new or evolving roles in organizations where the event may end, but the social organization and community aspect lives on. Think of the cube as providing a membrane to the conference team and a template for organizing and executing on digital events. Whether it's engaging in crowd chats, curating video, telling stories, post event, hosting content, amplifying content, visualize your community as a whole and serve them. That's really the goal. Presence here is critical in a digital event. Oh, hey, I see you're here. Great, let's talk. There are a number of use cases and I encourage you to call us, contact us and we'll focus on how to keep it simple. We have a really simple MVP use case that we're happy to share with you. All right, I got to wrap. The key point here is we see a permanent change. This is not a prediction about coronavirus. Rather, we see a transformation created with new dynamics. Digital is about groups, which are essentially a proxy for communities. Successful online communities require new thinking and we see new roles emerging. Think about the protocol stack for an event today and how that's going to change. Today is very structured.  In the future, it may evolve to multiple venues, many runs of shows, remote pods, rules around who is speaking, self-forming schedules. It's not going to be the same as today. We think digital moves to a persistent commitment by the community where the group collectively catalyzes collaboration. Hosting an online event is cool, but a long-term digital strategy doesn't just move physical to digital. Rather, it reimagines events as an organic entity. Not a mechanism or a piece of software. This is not about hosting content. Digital communities have an emotional impact that must be reflected through your brand. Now our mission at theCUBE has always been to serve communities with great content and it's evolving to provide the tools, infrastructure and data for communities to both self-govern and succeed. Even though these times are uncertain and very difficult, we are really excited to serve you. We'll make the time to consult with you and are really thrilled to share what we've learned in the last 10 years and collaborate with you to create great outcomes for audiences. Okay, that's a wrap. As always, we really appreciate the comments that we get on our LinkedIn posts and on Twitter, I'm at D-Valente. So thanks for that and thank you for watching everyone. This is Dave Vellante for theCUBE Insights, powered by ETR and we'll see you next time.


You don't play in El Clasico, in El Clasico you win. Don't miss the real Barça battle on Sunday, 3pm in the Eastern Canyon. To Jamaica time, watch on Sports Max 2 and on the app. Don't miss out, watch on the Sports Max app.


I'm the President of the European Central Bank, which is the custodian of something that belongs to you, the youth of Europe. We are the custodian of the euro, which is your currency, your currency for your future. I would like to join the call for action of the United Nation to engage you in participating in the policy debate that we have. What will the future hold when it comes to monetary policy, when it comes to the price stability which defines and is the mandate of the European Central Bank? Well, what matters is the euro, banknotes, or digital currency. What matters is fiscal policy, working hand-in-hand with monetary policy, yes. But how will debt be managed in the future? That's your future. What about climate change and does it impact on price stability? And does it matter for your future? All those questions are relevant and important and actually touch on or sometimes determine what we at the European Central Bank have to do to be good custodian of our common good, the euro. So please engage and participate with us in our strategy review. We have something that is called ECB listens. It's a portal that you can access on which you can give your views, share your comments and actually influence the debate that we will have to define our strategy going forward. Please join and help us define the future of the custodian of your euro.


Okay, so my case is a 64-year-old guy who presented with these very sort of, you know, non-specific symptoms of fatigue, myalgias and flu-like symptoms. His symptoms continued to get worse, and then a doctor at home diagnosed him with PMR, put him on prednisone, and that made some of his symptoms better. But then in January that, you know, that next month he had sudden vision loss in his left eye, and his MRI showed optic nerve enhancement. And then, and you can see that there's a, again, like in Ashley's case, there's a fairly long segment of optic nerve enhancement in his left eye that's visible on the axial and coronal scans. And you can see that it even goes back, you know, right through the, just behind the optic canal, fairly significant enhancement. So he got three days of IV steroids, but he had no improvement in his vision. And then because of these other systemic symptoms that he had, they thought maybe he had giant solar arthritis, and his biopsy was positive. So he's continued on oral prednisone, and then because he didn't have any improvement in his vision, he was sent up to the Moran Eye Center. So his vision was very poor in his left eye. He had a pale nerve, and he'd never had optic nerve swelling throughout his clinical course, and so my conclusion was that he had posterior ischemic optic neuropathy in association with giant solar arthritis, and I sent him to rheumatology, and they were just going to continue to follow his course on prednisone. But then in August of that year, he was readmitted here because he was still really feeling crappy. And then these, they'd got another MRI scan, he had these new flare abnormalities in his brainstem that just didn't seem to make any sense with his, with his disease.  He's really not, you know, he's pretty kind of on the young end of the spectrum. And so they had one of our pathologists get the slides from Idaho where he's from and review the slides, and they said, you know, this was misread. It was actually negative for giant solar arthritis. And so now nobody knew what the hell was wrong with him. At that point, because of some neuro, some neurologic symptoms and these flare abnormalities in his brainstem, he was seen by Dana Dewitt in our department of neurology. And she thought maybe she had, that he had neurologic manifestations of Shogren's syndrome. And she had ENT do a salivary gland biopsy of his lip. And that was felt to be consistent with Shogren's syndrome. And so they started treating him for Shogren's syndrome. And he was put on Plaquenel and Imuran. And then after that, he didn't follow up here any longer. He continued to see his doctors up in Boise. But just because of the trip between there and Salt Lake City, they continued to see their doctors up there. And that, like I hadn't heard from him until last month. These are some of the, this is just a typical, some of the flare abnormalities that were noted in his in his ponds.  And since that time, they've decided that he has multiple sclerosis. I can't really tell you based on what. They were seeing a multiple sclerosis specialist in San Francisco. But despite all the treatment, the usual treatments for multiple sclerosis, he just got inexorably worse. And he's now paraplegic. And then the reason they called me is that now he had vision loss in his right eye. That was, remember that was his good eye. And just at that point, I'm not exactly sure why they started him on rotuximab and they gave him more IV steroids. He's been tested for neuromyelitis optica. And his serologic tests have always come back negative at least twice. And so the question is, does this guy have neuromyelitis optica? He has been, these serologic tests have been negative twice, but clinically he has neuromyelitis optica. And the serologic test is, I think about 75-80% sensitive. So it's definitely possible to have this disease without having the blood test be positive. And I think clinically a guy with transverse myelitis, sequential optic neuritis, probably does have NMO no matter what the blood tests say. But then he's also got this lip biopsy showing that he's got chogren syndrome and these other weird neurologic and systemic symptoms. So, I'm going to turn.


Welcome to this CUBE conversation, which is part of our third AWS startup showcase of this year. I'm your host, Lisa Martin, and I'm pleased to welcome to theCUBE the CEO and co-founder of WhiteSource, Rami Sass. Rami, welcome to the program. Thank you, thank you so much for having me. I'm excited for our audience to hear about WhiteSource. Give us that high level overview of what the company is and how you're helping organizations. Sure. So we have software engineering teams kick track of their use of open source components, sometimes referred to as dependencies and primarily focused on security aspect of those dependencies and are able to very natively and very quickly identify one all of the dependencies that are being used in a certain software that's being developed and alert to any known vulnerabilities that exist in those dependencies. And then make our users through the journey on finding them, prioritizing them and fixing the vulnerabilities such that their software when it gets released is not at risk. Not at risk. One of the things we've talked so much about in the last 18 months is the threat landscape. It's changed dramatically. We've seen a huge increase in ransomware, huge increase in DDoS attacks. We also are in the fifth consecutive year of a cybersecurity skills gap. It's been there for a while. We know that there've been barriers between developers and security. How does WhiteSource help address that cybersecurity skills gap? So we focus on automating as much of the security practices as possible, right? So basically our main premise is that we want to be the security expert for the engineering team so that they don't have to, right? So we provide tools that automate the entire process of remediating the vulnerability so that we can save the developer's effort and time in becoming security expert, basically saying they don't need to become security expert. They can keep doing what they do best, which is develop software and provide more business value to their employer. And we will take care of anything that has to do with security in their software for them. So basically we are trying to alleviate the need for developers to develop any kind of security related skillsets. Got to ask you, how does that address? We talked about the skills gap, but also the cultural shift required for developers to then kind of exhale and put their trust in you guys. And that's a big challenge to change cultures within organizations. How do you help influence that? Sure, so look, when you're talking about cultural shifts it always takes time. Like these things do not happen overnight and it's gradual. And so we are very well aware of it and we do not expect people to have 100% confidence in us immediately in day one. So our tools and practices account for it and we help our users increasingly trust us more by proving ourselves to them, by first starting with providing advice and allowing them to control the pace at which they automate more of the process. So initially we will just tell them what they need to do and let them do it themselves until they've gained enough experience with our tool to just allow us to take the full cycle for them. That's one, few, which maybe is even more important is that we rely very heavily on crowdsourcing, right? So we have a very extensive customer base that is made up of some of the world's leading enterprise organizations that have very complex and a large environment. And across those environments combined with our ongoing and monitoring of everything that's going on in the large world of open source projects, we have compiled a very extensive crowdsourced database or knowledge base, if you will, that basically gives you intel on what others are doing with those vulnerable open source dependencies, right? And we can give you a lot of confidence when we see that the broader community of both commercial and free open source users have upgraded a vulnerable dependency to a safe version and are sticking to the new version, right? They're not pulling it back, they're not undoing that change. And so we give you a lot of visibility into all of that information. And also, when things go bad, right? If we see that many people roll back some change and avoiding some dependency version, then we will warn you away from upgrading that version. So I think that the fact that we are establishing our recommendations on a lot of crowdsourced data is another way for us to provide more confidence and automating actions for our users. The C word confidence is absolutely critical. I got to ask you though, Rami, something that you mentioned, I always like to ask startups, what was the impetus to start the company? You're the CEO and the co-founder, what were some of the gaps that we're missing? Was it crowdsourcing and was it the lack of that community to really provide that visibility to developers that you guys saw as an opportunity to fix in the market? Right, so at the risk of exposing my real age, I'll tell you that the company started over 10 years ago and was actually based on previous experience that us founders had in another company when it was time to sell it, right? So when we sold our previous company, we had to go through a due diligence process where we were required to provide a very detailed report of all the open source dependencies that we were using and we didn't have such a report and sort of caught us off guard and we had to spend a lot of time during the most stressful part of the due diligence finding out which open source we were using and documenting it and coming up with the report. And so that was like a very personal experience we had but it was very obvious that it's not something that we did special, right? Everyone who is developing software is relying very heavily on open source and usually doesn't track it very well. So it initially started from just a very basic need for transparency, visibility, and the ability to provide a simple bill of material that's now become a big thing, right, around SBOM. But 10 years ago, it was very difficult. It was very like manually laborious task to be able to come up with your bill of material. And that's sort of the experience that triggered the foundation of wide source. Got it. And now talk to me about your relationship with AWS and mention in the beginning of this segment that this is part of our third AWS startup showcase of the year. An overview of your relationship with AWS from a technology partnership perspective, sales, marketing, product. Sure. So we've been working with AWS for a very long time and they are a wonderful partner to work with. It started right at the beginning where we are a cloud native company, right? So we're a SaaS solution provider. And from the beginning, we chose AWS to be the infrastructure on which to have a solution. And we grew together with them over time over the last 10 years. We've been scaling again and again our environments and the services that we provide and have been consuming more and more of AWS services, both for infrastructure and mobility, but also and very importantly for securing our runtime environment, which they do a great job at. But then it went even further and we are now integrated with a lot of AWS services and products and technologies. So our offering is very much integrated with several AWS offerings. And even beyond that, we are working closely as a go-to-market partner with AWS. So we have several co-marketing initiatives with them and we are part of the startup co-stale program such that AWS salespeople can co-stale white source to their customers. I imagine that is an advantage, the partnership and the deep relationship that you have with AWS in terms of getting those customers meetings and helping them achieve the confidence in the technologies and the power of the two companies. In 10 years, we're looking at 1,000 customers and some big names I saw from your website, Microsoft, Comcast, Splunk, 23% of the Fortune 100. Tell me how the AWS partnership helps you give those developers the confidence that they need to trust in your technologies. Sure. So first I think the synergy is very apparent, very obvious because both AWS and us sell to the engineering departments and to the DevOps people, right? So we are catering to the same users, the same customers, the same even decision makers. And so it's very easy to understand. It's also very easy to tell the better together story, right? So it's very easy for the AWS salespeople to explain to their customers why it's easily integratable and it makes the sales motion easier and more transparent and fluid. And it makes the customers' consumption of the joint services easier, right? So for them, it's easier to work with AWS as a vendor knowing that they can get all these added security features from them and gain the confidence of having this solution vetted by Amazon and get AWS as a reference for us as a vendor also makes it easier for them to trust us and to use our services in every piece of life. Sounds like synergistic cultures as well. I want to dig into something that I saw on the notes that you guys provided that white sources enabling organizations to eliminate up to 85% of security alerts. That's a big number. How do you do that? All right, okay. So first to clarify, we're talking about open source vulnerability alerts, right? So in general, not all security alerts for open source security alerts, we've developed a deeper analysis that goes beyond just looking at your bill of material and identifying which dependencies are vulnerable and analyzes the way in which the developers are using those dependency. And what we've found over the last three years of running that technology with real customers over many tens of thousands of development projects is that on average 85% of the vulnerabilities in open source dependencies are not reachable from your code, right? So they are still there. You're still using the dependency but you're using some other function of it which is not vulnerable. And the vulnerable function is never actively called in your code base. So this is like very specific. It's not some generic analysis. We had to analyze your code and figure that out. And so again, the average statistics says that just 15% of vulnerabilities are quote unquote reachable from your code and make your software vulnerable, right? All the others are simply not exploitable. And so it can easily be eliminated for the need to remediate, right? So you don't have to. Got it. How are you guys helping customers? There's been a lot of data that shows companies are spending millions annually using multiple web app and API security tools on average but are still having problems with those tools being effective. How does white source help customers not waste time and resources and get right to being able to identify and remediate those vulnerabilities? Sure. So look again, our philosophy is that just detecting the problem with security issues doesn't fix anything, right? Doesn't help you solve your problem, right? Paramount to going to visit your dentist and having them find the cavity. And maybe they do an x-ray and they tell you exactly which tooth it's on and how deep it is and then just send you home and you need to deal with it yourself, right? So it doesn't really solve the problem.  You have to fix the problem in order to get any kind of value from a security service or tour. You have to close the loop, finish the process and fix the vulnerability. And so by investing a lot in automating the remediation, in enabling our tools to close that cycle, right? To finish the job and fix the vulnerability, we enable you to actually gain the value from the various tools that you're using and make sure that your software is not exposed and not vulnerable and not just give you a report with the vulnerabilities, right? Not just find them for you. Got it. Last question for you is if we look at your recommendations when you're talking to customers especially as I mentioned earlier in the conversation the threat landscape has changed dramatically in the last 18 months. When you're in customer conversations, how do you advise them to start? Do you start with the developers? Do you start with security? Or do you start by saying you've got to bring everybody together? So we would normally start with security and not necessarily the developers themselves but the engineering managers, the heads of engineering. Again, because our main effort is to leave the developers alone, right? We want to get as little developer involvement as possible so that they can be free to do what they need to do. Security is something they have to do, right? It's a chore. It doesn't add business value. It just protects the business from being exposed to greater risk. And so our approach and our practice is to be a sort of exception-based tool for developers and only get them involved when you absolutely have to have them chime in and do something. Otherwise, we can fully take ownership and automate the entire process of identification, prioritization, and remediation for the organization and just provide reports on how many vulnerabilities we fix this month and give them better visibility into their security posture. But we invest most of our innovation, attention, resources as a company to automate as much of that process as possible so that the developers don't have to spend their time on security issues. We will do it for them. And I imagine developer productivity goes way up for your customers. I do have one more question for you. Given that here we are in the fall of 2021, what are some of the things that you're looking forward to as we go into the new year? I don't know if you win the new Jewish year or the new... Maybe both. I was thinking just as we go into 2022, some of the things that you're excited about. Sure. So look, it's a little difficult to be happy about something that's a problem for other people, right? Because there is a growing threat for application security and there is more and more attacks going on in the world. But I'm really looking forward to helping more people be more protected while not wasting their time, right? So what drives me is the ability for us as a company to provide real value for our customers and not be some shelfware or not be a tool that just produces reports that no one knows what to do with. And the fact that we are able to steal our users and our customers away from risk and save them the hassle of being attacked, being hacked, having their data stolen or having the system broken into is what I'm mostly looking. And there's plenty of opportunities for you guys to do just that and really add that value for those developers and the companies, like I said, big brands, Microsoft, Comcast, Blunk. Rami, thank you for joining me on the program today, talking to us about white source and how you're really filling the gaps in the cybersecurity skills landscape and helping really transform developer productivity where security is concerned. We appreciate your time. Thank you. Thank you so much for having me on your show. My pleasure. For Rami Sass, I'm Lisa Martin. You're watching this CUBE conversation.


That's what they're gonna say when you make a catch when you make a touchdown They don't even do that for me. Just hear me out. Just hear me out and look what I'm wearing your first time Jersey I mean, they're releasing Okay, I'm gonna sell you on some things right here. Listen to me closely You have ten of you mr. Finger roll himself every time every ill listen. He does what he needs to be done Like he's a leader. He's a great passer He's it anyway next Him behind me super human. We don't even have to discuss him. He speaks for himself Look, I mean, he look in the picture like okay, then me. I'm up and coming Pro ball year two not a big deal kind of a big deal, but not really. Okay, scratch that anyway, whatever you The goat of our era the of our receivers help me help you come home Leo come home


I am Mr. P. P. Mitragutri, Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering Department of Valkchang Institute of Technology, Sholapur. In the earlier session, we have studied HSS Tool Steel, SCSC Steel and HSS Steel. We are going to study some more varieties of special alloy and tool steels in this session. And outcome of the session will again be students will be able to select correct steel for given application. Now in this session, we are going to study maraging steels, water hardening steel, oil hardening steels and air hardening steels. Now in this, maraging steel is one of the most important variety of steel because this is heavily alloyed steel and very costly steel containing very little amount of carbon. Generally carbon content is 0.03 maximum and this steel is mostly used in sheet and plate form in fabrication industry and this steel has excellent forming properties and fabrication properties because of lower carbon content and heavy structures, heavy vessels can be cold and hot formed and welded from these steels. What is the typical composition of maraging steel? You find you observe that carbon content 0.03 percent, heavy nickel 18 to 25 percent, molybdenum amount of molybdenum 3 to 5 percent means this steel is very costly, cobalt 3 to 8 percent. This is another steel containing cobalt. There are very few varieties of steels containing cobalt while titanium is also present in amount of 0.5 to 1.5 percent. Generally in most of the steel, titanium is present below 0.5 percent but in this steel it can be up to 1.5 percent means this is very very very costly steel. No doubt it is containing nickel which is costlier element, molybdenum which is very costly element, titanium very very costly element and cobalt is also costly. This steel is hardened conventionally first of all to form martensite but martensite obtained is soft because its carbon content is low and we already know that hardness of martensite is directly proportional to carbon content. So due to low carbon content of the steel martensite obtained is soft but this martensite soft martensite allows us cold working of alloy to desired shape because martensite even though it is hard it is supersaturated solid solution and solid solution can be cold work. So it can be cold work to desired shape after cold working this martensite is subjected to artificial aging at around 500 degree Celsius and due to this aging strain induced precipitation occurs in this steel and due to precipitation of Ni3TiAl and Ni3MO phases this steel is having very high hardness and wear resistance and due to presence of nickel it has very good toughness. In these steels aging of martensite is taking place and due to formation of that Ni3TiAl and Ni3MO phases their tensile strength may be as high as 210 kg per mm square mind well. These steels have excellent fracture toughness that is shock resistance due to presence of nickel in very very high amount and they can retain their tensile strength and wear resistance even up to the temperature of 350 to 400 degree Celsius very easily. Tension of tensile strength and wear resistance to high temperature is one of the greatest property of these steels no doubt this steel is costly but it has excellent formability it has very good weldability too and where it finds its application in the manufacture of rocket casings in the manufacture of air frame and engine components this steel is widely used in the manufacture of heavy pressure vessels and manufacture of injection molds, extrusion rams, landing mats for aircrafts are manufactured from these steels and these steels are heavily fabricated steels this is one of the important variety of stainless steels. Now we will come to next varieties of alloy steels that is water hardening, air hardening and oil hardening steel first of all we will discuss about water hardening steels. Water hardening steels are essentially plain carbon steels with high carbon content that is their carbon content is above 0.6 and up to 1.4 percent essentially these are plain carbon steels and if we require higher shock resistance and impact strength carbon content is between 0.6 to 0.8 if we require higher hardness higher wear resistance carbon content is above 0.8 if for maintenance of shape cutting edges and high wear resistance are more important that is already stated. Then these are plain carbon steels and they have poor hence they have poor hardenability because plain carbon steels are known for their poor hardenability they can only be water hardened if we try to oil harden them they will not get hardened to martensitic structure therefore only severe cooling that is water cooling can harden these steels. These steels are used for in applications such as manufacture of woodworking tools like firmer chisel, mortise chisel and other thing. Then drills, forming tools, regular hammers, chisels, shear blades, knives, low cut razors can be low cost razors can be manufactured from water hardening steels. Then these steels have a tendency to distort during quenching as they do not have secondary hardening they have poor resistance to oxidation but one more advantage point of these steels is these steels are very cheap so they find applications in like woodwork manufacture of woodworking tools, woodworking drills, drills used for woodworking drills used on soft metals, remers used on soft metals, taps used on soft metals can be manufactured of this water hardening steel. Then comes oil hardening steels no doubt oil hardening steels are supposed to have better hardenability than water hardening steels. These steel contains small amount of alloying elements such as chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, manganese, vanadium along with carbon higher than 0.8 percent. They have better hardenability and can be oil hardened. No doubt as they contain alloying elements they are expensive as compared to water hardening steel but they are not very expensive and secondly tendency to distort during quenching is totally eliminated because we can use less severe cooling medium that is oil which has intensity of 30 percent as compared to water cooling. Now typical compositions of what oil hardening steels they are designated as O2O3O4O9. You can observe O2 contains 0.9 percent carbon and 1.6 percent manganese while O9 contains 1 percent carbon, 0.75 percent tungsten and 0.2 percent vanadium. What are the applications of these steels? These steels are generally used for manufacture of gauges used in measurement, cutting tools, master tools, blanking and forming dies for mild steel and some other materials and some of the shear blades can also be manufactured from oil hardening variety of tool steels. We are coming to the last variety of steel that is air hardening steels. These air hardening steels generally when we cool any steel by after heating it above a 3 temperature in air we call that process as normalizing process because air cooling is much slower as compared to oil cooling and it is very much slower as compared to water cooling but some of the steels can be air hardened even by air cooling. So, there is no question of distortion. They have high wear resistance and retain hardness can retain hardness up to 100 degree Celsius. Total content of alloying element exceeds 5 percent. Typical composition has been given carbon 1 percent, manganese 3 percent, chromium 1 percent, molybdenum 1 percent.  Now before concluding I will I want to ask one question what is the difference between water hardening and air hardening steel and I will suggest you to read material science and metallurgy by Dr. Kudgire engineering metallurgy 1 and 2 by Ghulap and Kulkarni introduction to engineering materials by B.K. Agarwal. Thank you.