I'm the director of Advocacy. Can everybody hear me okay? Director of Advocacy, Greater Portland Landmarks. I've been involved with landmarks for a long time, first as a docent, and then in about four years ago, I was hired to come to work to Greater Portland Landmarks. My background is actually in architecture, worked mostly in historic preservation before I came to Greater Portland Landmarks. I wanna thank you for all coming out and joining us this evening. Last year, Greater Portland Landmarks received a Historic Preservation Fund grant from the National Park Service. That was a planning and survey grant that's administered by the Maine Historic Preservation Commission. Our grant project was to document historic resources in areas projected to be impacted by rising sea levels. The grants are matching grants, and so the work that we've completed this year would not have been possible without the generous donations that we received from our membership and to support our preservation and education activities like this lecture this evening. In addition to thanking our members and the National Park Service and the Maine Historic Preservation Commission, we'd like to thank People's United Methodist Church for hosting us this evening so that we can present some of the history and images that we collected this year. I'd also like to thank all of the neighborhood residents, the City of South Portland and the South Portland Historical Society who shared their stories, information and their time with our interns this summer. In the last few years, educating ourselves about the possible impacts of climate change, I actually live in the Bitterford-Saco area and I'm pretty familiar with some of the damage that's been happening in the Camp Ellis neighborhood and as well as down in Bitterford Pool. We wanted to see how we could help owners of historic resources better prepare for the coming challenges. And a few years ago, we published a booklet on how you can make your old house more energy efficient. This is a sample copy that I brought with me tonight. We sell these on our website if you're interested. There's some really low cost, easy to do things and some more challenging and harder to do things that you might need to hire someone, a contractor to come do, but it's a really helpful little booklet. So we've been thinking about how we can help home owners make their homes more energy efficient and how to be more resilient. And one of the things that we knew we needed was better information on properties at risk, particularly from flooding events. And we knew we wanted to focus in part on the Bayside neighborhood in Portland. That's the area on the northern side of the peninsula, adjacent to Bat Cove. And as you can see from these images up here, the top image is a projected sea level rise map and the image on the bottom is an overlay of the 1776 map of Portland over a 2000, I think 2014 satellite image of the city. And you can see that pretty much it aligns that the projected flood levels are gonna take those areas that were not historically part of the peninsula. Those are areas that were filled land. So those we knew was one neighborhood that we wanted to look at this summer. While we were looking at some of those projection maps, we started looking at Ferry Village because we were quite surprised to see this projection which really is bringing water pretty far into the neighborhood around Sawyer Street, almost all the way to Broadway. This was a little bit of a surprise. Never have lived in the neighborhood but I knew the neighborhood a little bit. My dad was in the Coast Guard and was down at the base a lot. And I was a little surprised to see this. And so I said, hey, we knew that Ferry Village is one of the city's oldest neighborhoods. And we had done some survey work a few years back in the Willard Beach neighborhood and we've been looking to do another survey in South Portland. So this seemed like an opportunity to come back to South Portland and take a look at the Ferry Village neighborhood. So what is a survey? What is it that we do? You may have seen our interns. We had four interns this summer. Two lived and worked over here in South Portland at the field work and then we had two other interns who were living in Portland and working in the Bayside neighborhood. They documented each building in the survey area with a photograph, several photographs usually and recorded information about its materials. They also documented features that might be impacted by weather events. So they were looking for things that might be impacted by water, the location of utility entrances, entries below grade, basement windows, exterior fuel storage. They were looking for things that might be impacted by wind like mature trees or things attached to the house like satellite dishes. They were also looking for things that might mitigate heat impacts like the presence of AC units or shade trees. All of that data goes into a state database that's maintained by the Main Historic Preservation Commission. It's called the CARMA map viewer, C-A-R-M-A. And each building or structure that we've documented can be viewed by clicking on one of these, they're like little monopoly houses. You can go in and click the house and it will bring up the survey report for that house. You can see there's some areas across the river in Portland that are shaded kind of a pinky purple. Those are historic districts. Some of the houses that you can see have are like orange yellow. Those are buildings that have been determined eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. So the Fire Station, Mahoney Middle School or some of them in South Portland that have been determined eligible. And then the gray houses have been determined in and eligible for listing on the National Register. And then the green are resources that have been recently surveyed. So you can see the Willard Beach grouping to the right of this slide and the large number of Ferry Village properties that we looked at was over 400 properties in Ferry Village. So in addition to doing all of the field work, we also do a lot of research. It's important for us to understand how our neighborhood develops. So we understand the context of the buildings, why and when they were built, who may have resided there. And in our research, we use lots of sources like books. Some of the really wonderful ones that we use are the History of Cape Elizabeth because South Portland was originally part of the town of Cape Elizabeth. The South Portland Historical Society is the many villages of South Portland and the history of South Portland, Maine. We also use a lot of maps and photographs. This is a historic photograph of the former Knights of Pythias Lodge which was located at High and Preble Streets in Ferry Village and was demolished in 1973. I also just love looking at the people and the photographs and their outfits as well. We also go through the Registry of Deeds and look at land plans that have been filed for neighborhoods. This is a land plan that was filed at the time they were starting to do the fill at Cushing's Point for the shipyard. So you can see the red line at the top was the existing ledge out to Buglight. And you can see the area that I highlighted in blue was water at that time. The dark line is where the fill was gonna go. And you can see the dashed blue line indicated that there had been a brook that was coming out from the school street area crossing under Front Street and going out through the mud flats. You can sort of see that too coming in this aerial image. So that was kind of the first clue that made me think, oh, that's why there's a topographical reason why that projected flooding is going on around the school street and Sawyer Street and some of the neighborhood. So this is a late 1930s aerial image before they filled in Cushing's Point. You can see the breakwater going out to Buglight. In the upper left of the image, that's a sardine packing plant that I'll talk about in a few minutes. And what I would really like to point out is you can see where I've inserted Preble Street in red on the left side. And you can see all of the housing that was demolished. That was part of the neighborhood that was demolished for expansion of the shipyards. Very early on, we took a look at how many and where the impacted properties might be from that projected sea level rise and overlaid that this is a 1914 map, which I'll talk a little bit more about. But what was curious to us when we were looking at this initially was that the low area was where the most historic resources were or the oldest buildings were. And that the area that developed later was not the area that was more likely to flood, which is generally the reverse in some neighborhoods. Generally, the wetland doesn't get built on that stays farmland the longest. This is a really early map of the 1857 Atlas of Cumberland County. I've circled the Ferry Village in red. At this time, South Portland was still a part of Cape Elizabeth.  And not a lot of dwellings and buildings in Ferry Village at that time. But we do see that there's a number of war sticking out into the harbor or into the river. And of course, we know that Ferry Village has a long history of shipbuilding starting in the early 1800s. And so it's not surprising to see that that was predominant on this very early map. Another map that we look at was the 1871 Atlas of Cumberland County. Now, at this scale, it's not very helpful for Ferry Village, but luckily, we can zoom in onto this inset map of Ferry Village. And what was surprising about this to us was looking at all of that subdivision of land on the right-hand side of the slide. That was planned to be filled in over Cushing's Point and to develop out towards Fort Preble over towards SMCC. All of those street names were named after presidents. We were surprised to see this in 1871. A lot of the subdivisions that we see in the Portland area happen after the time of when the trolleys come into a neighborhood. And so this was predate a trolley into the neighborhood. And what we found was this was actually a planned community in 1863. It was called the Days Map of East Portland or South Portland, I was sometimes referred to. And this is a redrawing of that map from 1918. That put about a lot of houses in the neighborhood. Going back and zooming in a little bit more on that 1871 map, we can get an idea of what was happening along the waterfront as well as deeper into the neighborhood. You can see some of the black dogs that have green around them. Those are usually schools or churches within a neighborhood. But looking at the waterfront, we can see on the upper right, pretty much in the center of the screen, it says Pickett's Shipyard. In 1850, George Turner and James Cahoon, they bought a large portion of land in Ferry Village. Their intention was to subdivide that land and sell it at reasonable prices so that they could develop a working class neighborhood. But they also began a shipbuilding business along the coast and their shipyard business was joined by a master builder named James Pickett. In 1845, they built the Elizabeths, which would serve as the ferry that connected Ferry Village and Portland. On this map, just to the left of where the Pickett's Shipyard is, you can see kind of a U-shaped carve-out in a wharf. That's the Marine Railway that was owned by the Dyer family. And then further to the left, there's another wharf and that was connected with Dyer's Shipyard. Here's an early image of the Ferry Village waterfront. You can see the Eastern Waterfront in Portland in the background. We look at a lot of historic images trying to connect them to existing buildings. Unfortunately, this is one that had been demolished. This was a social union hall that was demolished in 1956. Here's a historic image of the Marine Railway that I was just mentioning on the map that was established on Front Street in the 1850s. It was the Cape Elizabeth Warf and Marine Railway when it was owned by the Dyer family. Then later became the Portland Merchants Marine Railway and then a few years later became the Portland Shipbuilding Company, which you can see on the sign in the left. So portions of that are now a spazia marina. Yeah. So we were looking at these buildings and it's a little bit easier with houses to kind of figure out when they might have been built what's original. It's a little bit harder with more utilitarian industrial buildings. And so what was really curious about the building in the back here was these bays, which you would tend to see more in like residential buildings. And so the interns were like, that can't be real, that can't be original. And we're like, well, it could be. Then we found this historic image down here, which so the bay on the right hand side of the building is an addition, but this has an early image with that bay on there. So I told them, never assume. Here's another image of a tow boat that was built here in South Portland, but then outfitted in Portland at the Portland Company, which would have been, you can just barely see the grain elevators in the background of this building. And so the Portland Company would have been off the slide to the right here. So we also look for later images. This is an early 1940s image from when they were starting the fill on Cushing's Point, the image on the upper part of the slide. You can see the truck set on the car out there. It looks almost like a beetle or something out there. And in the background, so that wasn't necessarily what we were looking at. We were looking for the building. So we can see the buildings in the background, which you can see on this Google Street image just below. This also includes one of the oldest houses in the neighborhood here, which is at 196 Front Street, which was built about 1810. This is going back and looking again at that 1914 map. And one of the things that I thought was interesting on here was even though the western part of the Mussie Farm subdivision was laid out in the 1890s, excuse me. By 1914, there was very little development over on Margaret and Harriet Street. There's almost no little yellow houses filling in those lots. So it took a while for the western side of Ferry Village to develop. But what is interesting that you can see here on the map is there is, is it the Henleys School on Broadway? Have I got that right? Yeah. You can see that the pink equals brick in these maps. You can see the pink building closer to Broadway surrounded by the green. And then just off to the left of the image, and I'll zoom in on that, is the former bicycle plant. Here's an aerial image looking at the same portion of the neighborhood a little bit later on. And you can see the complex of buildings out on the point there where River Place apartments are now, and zooming in a little bit more. So there's some historic maps that tell us a little bit more about the bicycle plant. It was very early on, it was built to be a plush plant which would have been fabric for automotives and like seats and fabric like that for cars and motor cars. But I guess apparently there was never any plush actually manufactured there. But then the level cycle and armament company went into the building and the big image on the right hand side is from 1896. It shows you there was a brick portion of the building and then the yellow is the wood frame section of the building. And then on the left is the 1914, a zooming in on the 1914 map. And later on the level cycle plant wasn't there for a long time. It became the marine hardware and equipment company took over the building. One of the things that was interesting on the 1914 map in addition was right there by the bicycle factory building there was a proposed bridge that was going to connect from the waterfront over to off ocean street near where there's just like a CMP power station over off ocean street. There was going to be a bridge that was going to connect Ferry Village over to Nightville. Here's a, this is from one of the Portland street directories. This is an advertisement for the cycle manufacturing company which depicts the building and the mustachioed man bicycling away. And zooming in again on that 1914 map we can see how the waterfront is changing.  We can still see that the Portland Shipbuilding Company is at the Marine Railway site. Then we also see off to the right, you can see where it says Portland Terminal Company. And then just above that is the Brown Sardine factory. So here's a postcard image of the Brown Sardine factory was built in 1911. They opened the Sardine packing plan on the waterfront at 173 Front Street. It was run by the Braun family, not the Brown family. They'd operated a similar business down East Main prior to relocating to South Portland. We know that a second factory opened up a few years later on Portland Street on Spear Wharf. So here's Spear Wharf in 1896. At the far left was a ferry launch. It was a coal shed owned by William Spear and a few other storage and warehouse outbuildings. And then this is the Sardine facility, the canning facility that went into Spear's Wharf. It was operated for quite a while as the Seaboard Packing Company. They also had facilities in Lubeck and Robinson, Robinson, Maine. And they were later purchased by the Stinson family and they continued this in operation until the 1960s. The Stinson's had a packing plant that just recently closed just a few years ago, I think up in Goldsboro. So it was the long history of canning. The Stinson family were associated with and they had this plant here in South Portland. Here's an image. This, we think this is the late 1940s, trying to date it from some of the things that were going on in the image. You can see the waterfront at that period. You can start to see there's some of the film coming in over to the right of the screen where the shipyards were. One of the things that really helped to facilitate development in neighborhood was the coming of the trolley system. The trolley was electrified into South Portland in 1895 and the trolley system, this is a map of the trolley system throughout Greater Portland. And if we zoom in here on this image from a marketing poster from the trolley companies, you can see that the trolleys came across the bridge, took a right out of Nightville, came down Broadway, went down Sawyer Street, front street to Preble Street and then circled around again pretty much the same route that the bus line follows today. Here's an image of the trolleys going down Sawyer Street and then on the lower right, that's that shop front today, the one with the awning. And if you can see on the left-hand side of the sign, there was a South Portland theater that was located on the corner. There's a sign there for it. One of the other reasons why we love to look at maps is it helps us understand why some areas of a neighborhood maybe look a little bit different. And one of the things that we noticed is sometimes where there are no houses or where there are houses that are built quite later. So maybe they're in 1960s or 1980s building. And so one of the things that we noticed on this section of the neighborhood which is at the corner of School and High and then to Stanford Street is that there are some newer buildings there and we were looking at the historic maps and we realized that there used to be these large complex of greenhouses that were there for growing flowers that was owned by this gentleman named Niles Nelson who lived in a dwelling on School Street. And so his greenhouses would have been at the corner of High and School and also taken up the area that's now a playground. Historic images are also great for connecting us, making connections between people who lived in the neighborhood and who may have worked in the neighborhood. And so this image of Sawyer Street at the corner of High Street, the building with the awning has a sign coming off of it that says Thorelle's Apothecary. And we know that Mr. Thorelle lived just a few blocks away on High Street. This is his house at 179 High Street built in 1882. This is a lovely example of the Second Empire style of building. Second Empire style buildings have Mansard roofs which are those slate roofs that are very shallowly pitched and then have another slope that comes down and kind of swoops in with gable windows. This is actually one of our marker program houses very early on in our organization, Sister Greater Portland Landmarks, established a marker program which we continue today. And we have, I think, five or six marker houses in the Ferry Village neighborhood and this is one of them. So shipbuilding continued to be prominent on the waterfront in Ferry Village right through to World War I when the Cumberland Shipbuilding Company was building cargo ships to move US troops. But when we know that really the big impact on the neighborhood was in World War II with the construction of the Liberty ships at both the East and West Ships yards in the neighborhood. So we have some images of course like this of all of the work going on. It's hard to see in this image but just to the left of the crane, I assume that's a crane, you can see four gorges out in the harbor here. I would just point out that there's a public forum next week on September 4th. For, is it September 4th? Yeah, I think it's September 4th. There's a proposal to put a hotel and restaurant out on Fort Gorges. So if you're interested in the future Fort Gorges, you can come over to the East End School in Portland and speak out. The really quick and amazing construction that happened very quickly in 1940 and 1941 for the shipyards can be chronicled on some of these TOPA maps. So this is a map that was published in 1941. So it was probably drawn in 1940 and there's no fill at Cushing's point. And then in 1957 is the next time that the geological service published a map and you can see the big changes, the dry docks. At this point, the oil and gas tanks are have been installed on the side of the West yard chronicling the changes that happened here very quickly. We found some great books. Portland Ships or Good Ships was published in 1945 and had some really wonderful aerial imagery of the West yard being constructed, which in the upper image, you can just see a couple of the bays under construction. The sardine packing plant is sticking out into the water on the wharf. And then some other image in the lower right, which still shows some of the housing. Actually, but I picked both of these images because it shows some of the housing that still hasn't been demolished yet. That didn't start until 1941. You can see those here in this with the East yard in the lower part of the image and the West yard at the North part of the image. You can still see this residential neighborhood that was between the two shipyards. Again, not OSHA approved scaffolding. I would have died if I'd seen this on one of my project sites as an architect. A little bit blurry images, but I wanted to include them because there's been a lot of discussion about the pipeline in South Portland. And I thought some of these were really interesting images of the 1941 construction of the Portland pipeline through Ferry Village. So I'll just go through some of these coming up Sawyer Street, where I could identify the street I tried to pop in a Google Street map to show. Again, probably OSHA wind of length this either. And here we are a little bit later after the war. In this aerial image, you can see the tanks have gone in on the left side of the slide. And you can still see some of the larger manufacturing buildings that were still in existence closer to the Portland pipeline wharf. The next few slides are kind of before and after images, you know, past and present. I always love to start on a hot summery day with a picture of smiling children in snow. And that's a lot of snow on Sawyer Street. That's a lot of snow. This is the Dudley residence that's on Sawyer Street. It was a connected farm building. Had some additions over time. I'm sure you're all familiar with this building, the Hutchins School. One thing I didn't realize is that initially it had had the entrances on the street side of the building, which you can see in the other image. One door for the boys and one door for the girls. This building, which often when you look at a building you go, most buildings, the windows are sort of arranged so that they line up and then you look at a building and you go, what were they thinking? What happened? Why'd they do that?  That's why the windows aren't aligned. Former school in Redmond's Hall, now a residence on School Street. This was one when we were out doing our survey work and the interns were like, I don't know what that building is and I'm like, that had to have been a school. It just had said school. And we love social media. Well, there's some reasons not to love social media but one thing I love about social media is people who post photos of themselves or their childhood and include a picture of them standing on their front doorstep or with buildings in the background. It helps us immensely to find these images. And so this is one that we pulled off of Facebook. The interns found, they loved little boys, actually. But we could also see that this, we're pretty sure that this was the same bungalow that was in the background. So I mentioned that one of the reasons why we did this survey was because we are concerned about the future landmarks and some of these historic neighborhoods. And the focus in 2020 for our organization because it's gonna be the state's biennial. We've planned some events that will look back at our community's history over the last 200 years but we're also gonna be looking forward to the next 100 years and how we can protect the buildings and places that we love and ensure that future landmarks will be as resilient as those properties that are still with us that are from our state's early history. And so we're taking some of these projection maps that have been compiled and some of the data that we've gathered this summer. This is a map showing all of the areas that we surveyed in the Ferry Village neighborhood, the red dots. This is been compiled by the main office of GIS and the Main Historic Preservation Commission. And within each of those dots is all of the climate features that we have looked at. So whether something has, where the location of utilities are, basement windows, entrances to buildings, all of this information is cataloged here. And so they have overlaid it with their flood projections, the state's flood projections. So it really helps us see which red dots are the ones that have the most or highest risk. And we can go in and look at those that with the highest risk and see what features they may have that elevate their risk. So this is something that we're gonna be doing over the next year is going in and taking some of the data that we have found this summer and developing recommendations on ways to make your property more resilient just like we help homeowners if they're trying to replace their windows, make their homes energy efficient, anything that you might need to do to your house, we want to be able to provide assistance in doing that. And so I'm just gonna go through some of the findings that we came up with this summer. So the first one is basement windows. I mean, most of us, we all have basements and those basements have windows. Some of them can be located quite close to grade like this example up here. What we found is that about 62% of the buildings in the neighborhood do have basement windows and we were able to catalog which ones of those are really close to grade and which of those are maybe a little bit higher up and less prone to flooding and allowing water as an entry point into a building. We also looked at site topography and we were pleased to see that only 18 buildings have the street higher than the front entrance to the building. That's really great because you don't want water running downhill into your front door. I have a neighbor where that happens. They put out a little dike around their driveway every time it rains. Site drainage. This is one that really can happen over a period of time and you don't necessarily know it's necessarily building up. A lot of us put down, we may put down new loam and seed for our lawns or we may put down mulch around the edges of our buildings and that can change the way your property drains and it can make water that comes off the roof can then flow back towards your basement and create a potential problem and that doesn't necessarily need sea level rise to become an issue. We run into that all the time in the historic preservation world. And so about a quarter of the buildings that we survey have negative drainage. That means the drainage from their property is running towards their house not towards the street and drainage is in the street. But your trees are both a blessing and a curse. If we're gonna have hotter weather, it's great to have a shade tree. When a hurricane comes through or a heavy nor'easter, it can bring those limbs down and be an impact problem on our roof. And again, that doesn't really necessarily have anything to do with climate change either. I mean, we know that we can have storms anytime. And so it's good that about almost 120 of the 400 and some odd houses have shade trees, but also they also have that positive, they also have that negative possible impact. So as I wrap up tonight, I really wanted to take an opportunity to listen to you because I'm sure I know, I've talked to some of you for the last couple of days, that there are folks here who've lived in the neighborhood for a long time and we'd love to have your information and hear your stories tonight as well. I don't need to be talking all the time. One of the things I don't know that I mentioned is that this grant wraps up at the end of September. So I have a window of opportunity to take some of the feedback on the information from any of you who've been studying the history of your house or if you have some information on the neighborhood that you'd be willing to share with us. We have some cards on the front table. You can give us your name, your address, your phone number and let me know if you have some information on a building and which building it is that you'd be willing to talk to me about in the next month. I'd love to include that and have that be filed with the report as we finish up the grant. But also we maintain street files at our office and very often we have people come in to research properties and unfortunately we don't have a lot of information on South Portland. The South Portland Historical Society is a great collection of information as well but we'd like to be able to offer the same types of information in our office as realtors or homeowners come into us to do some research. And again, I hope you'll join me in thanking the People's United Methodist Church for hosting us tonight. Thank you very much. Yay. We may not know but they are a long standing very village congregation. They didn't move across Broadway until I guess about 1947. They were established in the late 19th century and were located down closer to the waterfront in very village. So I wanna thank them and you and all of our sponsors that make our education possible. Thank you all for coming out. Hot sticky night. I just wanna let you know that I mentioned that the grant is, I have to wrap up the grant by the end of September. At the end of September, we'll be putting all of the information that we have onto our website and links to the state database. We also have with us tonight Portland Media Center is taping this. So if you had neighbors who might wanna see this you can be able to share this talk with them online and we also currently right now if you go to our website and you go to historicresourcesportlandlandbox.org backslash historicresources you can scroll down to and there's a section on Ferry Village and if you click on that it will take you to that link that's the main GIS and the Historic Preservation Commission link that overlay map of shows which resources. So if you think your house might be in that projected flood zone you can take a look at what we found out about your house. So I'm happy to take any questions or if somebody else wants to talk, yes. So to look at all of the slides that you put up today we would have a link by going to your website. Yeah, it's not up there right now but it will be up there tomorrow. I didn't have time to put it up tonight and we will also have a link once Portland Media Center puts the video online so that there'll be the voice with the pictures. Anyone else? Yes. Yes. Your premise was based on an eight-foot rise in sea level. Yes, that's worst. High tide, low tide, green tide or what? It's taken, yeah, it's taken it astronomical. If you look at the one, this one is a six foot with an astronomical high tide. We're talking, probably most of us won't be here. This is a 50 to 100 year scenario. This is one of the worst case scenarios. But I mean, even if you look at some of the ones before that you start to see poor flooding, poor drainage even can happen. I mean that's what we see in Bayside right now down along the marginal way area. You just don't have good drainage because unfortunately a lot of our outlets were built in the 60s or 70s and so the water that just comes up to where those drains are and the drains aren't big enough to store all the water that's coming out of the neighborhood if we have heavy, torrential rains. That was another thing that we, that was another data point that the city's sustainability office asked us to check was where we noticed ponding and pooling water in the neighborhood. The poor interns had to go out in the rain sometimes too and check to see where sections of the neighborhood that weren't draining very well. They were hearty souls. Anybody else? Yes ma'am. Then does that get followed up with the city of South Portland at all? Are they made aware of? Yes, so when we started, before we started the project, before the interns arrived, we spoke with the sustainability office both here and in Portland and they actually gave us the data points that they wanted us to collect that would be most helpful to them with their information and so all this information will go to them as well so that they can use it in their, their planning that they're doing right now for the One Climate Project. Well I was just curious about, so that ambitious subdivision that never happened, were they manors or were they evil out of state developers? No, they were not evil out of state developers. They were from Maine. I don't know that they were, I haven't been able to find that they were born in Cape Elizabeth but they were living here. But the panic of 1873 came soon after their new plan so I imagine it developed part for many reasons. For many reasons, yeah. Fancy being one of them. Yeah. And certainly what we see in neighborhoods in Portland that did develop around that time was that they were helped because of the fire. They were trying to find places but they were developing around places where there was an existing streetcar network which wasn't here yet. So that hindered them. So even though they had the ferry they didn't have that other means of transportation across the bridge.


An Imam representing the Islamic community in the Democratic Republic of Congo's Benitown has been shot dead by rebels on Saturday evening while praying at the mosque. The mayor of Benitown in Norskivi province, Modeste Batwamaha, said Sheikh Ali Amin was killed around 7 p.m. local time. Military officials in the region, contacted by Anadolu Agency, said there were serious threats to the Imam who opposed radicalism and local armed groups. The assassins have not yet been identified. The Allied Democratic Forces group is however active in Eastern DRC.


First of all, stay away from all single moms if I was a man. But if I was a man and some woman came to me with three different kids from three baby daddies, I'm not going to be baby dad number four. I can see the pattern. There's a pattern there. So men, ladies, we need to teach our boys, teach our men. Protect your sperm. Let's talk about some of the red flags. So here's the thing is we say, well, how do I pick a woman? We say, well, you want to pick a woman, which is right, right, it's true, with shared values. You want to pick a woman who's family-oriented. You want to pick a woman who's not a feminist. But I can't tell you how many men said, but I did that. I don't know what happened. It's like we got married, and then we had a baby. And all of a sudden, she's a different person. So what I've learned over the years is I don't care what somebody says. I don't listen to them. I watch their feet. I watch what they do, because that's important. We have all heard that the term is cliche. Talk is cheap. Talk is very cheap. Now let's look at some of the red flags. People who are intolerant of opposing opinions. Here's the thing is, am I intolerant of feminism? If you put it in my face, I will be. Put it in my face. You'll see how this conservative woman who grew up in the trailer park, I can go trailer park real fast.  So am I tolerant? Yeah, just keep it away. Do what you want. It's a free country. Keep it out of my yard. Now there are some women that will separate men from their friends and family. Huge red flag. I don't care what she says, what kind of a person she is, how family-oriented she is.  A lot of times it's overlooked, guys, but it's a huge red flag. At the same time, the same person is probably a woman. It's perpetually at odds with her own family. So she's family-oriented, about family first, other than she's always fighting with her own family, trying to alienate him from his family. So where's this family first? Where does this come in? When's this family first? Oh, when we get married and have our family. No, no, no, wait a minute now. You guys, there's red flags waving in the wind, right? Justifies failures due to her gender. Well, you know, I would have done better in the army, but I'm a woman, or you know, I think the Air Force treated me differently because I'm a woman. You hear this all the time. Guys, I spent 13 years in the army. I can tell you, this is not the case.  That's funny, I haven't seen it. But what I have seen is a girl I was in the army with who took to social media talking about all this sexual assault that she tolerated back when she was in the army. Like, ah, tell my husband, I remember her being a, she was, we referred to her as the dumpster whore. That's what she was. There was nothing unconsensual about, so I responded, then you get blocked, whatever. But just because someone says it doesn't mean it's true. Women get what, attention from being victims. We do, we get attention from being victims. All right, women who are critical of other women with traditional values. And these are red flags, you guys. Red flags are flying, okay? Most of the time we look the other way, we try to justify them. But women who are critical of women with traditional values.  I love it. I think if you have the opportunity to be a stay-at-home mom, you should take that opportunity, without a doubt. But women who are critical of women who do that, and if you're a man looking for somebody, or if your son is dating this person, right? You need to teach him before he falls head over heels.  But these are red flags. I'm teaching my son from a young age. Refuses to justify her own opinions and life choices. So we see this a lot. We see in court these women will come in, and they'll be so critical of everything he does. He can't do anything right, can't drink water right. Well, wait a minute, so the two of you agree that you're gonna be a stay-at-home mom, but when your son was six months old, you went back to work, and he asked you what changed, and you said, don't question me. You're trying to control me. You're abusive and controlling. Wait a minute, wait, wait, I'm just, no. Huge red flag, huge red flag. Supports, hashtag, believe her. That's a red flag, guys. Is anybody in here, women are master manipulators. They are, look, I've seen it. I was raised by one, and I've spent my career watching them. They're master manipulators. So there's so many people say, well, if a woman says she was raped, she was raped. What does a woman possibly have to gain by lying about being sexually assaulted or being raped? And a lot, she has to gain a lot. It could be custody of her children. It could be alimony. It could be the house. That may, it could just be a lot of social media likes. That's a big deal to people, that attention. There's a lot of women that create attention. And if you have a woman who believes that American women are oppressed, I will run away from them. I don't even wanna be friends with this person. I'm just gonna be honest with you. I have time for this. I've got a husband, I've got a children, I have a career, I have time for this mess right here.  You lay with this, you're gonna get more of the fleas, I can tell you that. What do men get blinded by great sex? This is what I don't understand, is that so many men can live.


Hello everybody, Ian here. Welcome back to Thursday Theorists. Today we are talking about Lisa's story. Now, this book has a crappy reputation.  There is absolutely no reason for it. There is quite a few people who lump this in with the trilogy of Trash, Dreamcatcher, from a VOK and Cell. This book doesn't deserve to be anywhere near that. What happened was, King finally wrote a mature story that has no horror element whatsoever. It does have some supernatural stuff. It does have some supernatural thriller-esque moments, but it is not a horror story. What this story is, it is a love letter to the spouses of writers. These women and men who sit in the background and watch the rest of us playing in our make-believe land, the first time I read this book I didn't get it. I was in the hate train along with the books that I lumped in with the aftermath of his accident in 1999. I hate myself for that because this is one of his best novels. The reason I say that, now I don't put that up there in my best because it is almost as if it's outside of King's catalog. Even Bag of Bones has the horror element with the ghosts and everything. This one that is not the focus. There is some stuff in Boo-Yamoon. We'll get to that in a minute. But when I came back to this one during my reread in 2015, I've been married for several years at that point, 14 years, and I finally understood what he was talking about. I understood where he was coming from. I read it as if I were Scott Landon, the one who died and I had left Shell behind. That was so much more poignant and upsetting and affecting than thinking of it as any other novel. You will get much more out of this book if you are a writer. There's a lot of stuff like that. I suspect that you would get even more if you are the spouse of a writer. Those forgotten souls in the background who make it easier for us to do what we do. I'm going to try not to get emotional here, but Shell is sitting on the other side of the camera and I'm feeling it. About the book. I said I love the book. For some odd reason, every time I think about this book, I seem to remember that Scott Landon dies at the beginning from the gunshot. That's not the case. He actually survives it. That's where the shovel comes into play. The shovel that's in all the covers. When Lisa knocks the dude out with the shovel, knocks the rabid fan, but then it moves on and he's passed away and she has to go into and unpack all the stuff that he has left, all this life that he has left behind in all these boxes and everything. Funny back story to that that actually happened to King after he got sick after the car accident. He got sick with pneumonia and Tabitha thought while he's away, kind of blessing in the hospital, I am going to rearrange his office. When he got out of the hospital, she wasn't done yet and she said I wouldn't go in there. It's a disaster. He goes in there anyways and he sees what it would look like if he had died. He comes home to all of his stuff packed up because she's working on renovating the office and he has that moment and this book was born out of that.  Especially if you're an author, especially if you are the spouse of an author, even a wannabe author or aspiring, however you want to put it, I would like you to re-read it with that in mind.  Let's jump into the meat and potatoes that you guys are here for. The connections here is very simple. In fact, somebody mentioned they couldn't wait for me to bend over backwards trying to connect this one. The territories are mentioned in this one. Territories from the Wasteland, they're also mentioned in here. Sorry, from the Talisman are mentioned in here and they're mentioned in the Wasteland, so all the way back to the Dark Tower. That one's easy. East Stoneman is also mentioned. That one's in Wolves of the Kala. That's a town, by the way. Wolves of the Kala and Song of Susanna. Finally, I would like to make a big drastic leap and say that the other place in this one, Buyamun, is actually the same place that Mrs. Todd ends up in Mrs. Todd's shortcut. I would also go as far to say that it's the same place that Rose ends up in the... No, is it Rose? I can't remember. It's the main character from Rose Matter named Rose. I can't remember. It's going to bother me. Hang on, let's go. I don't think it is. It is Rose. Rose Matter. Rose. Dang it. Anyhow. But I would say that it's also the same place that Rose ends up at the end of Rose Matter. Anyhow, did you find anything else that connects anywhere else? Did I miss anything? I know how much you guys like telling me what I missed, so leave it down there in the comments section. I promise I won't get mad. But until next time, I have an E, you have an U, this has been another Thursday Thirst Review. I'll talk to you guys later. Bye-bye!


So this is the pork chop, this is a Dominican cuisine pork chops with rice, beans, and salad. And some bean soup, yeah. Oh, these guys are pretty good. Hi guys, this is Rich from HDB Live. We are walking into Sisuah Beach. These are all the people driving down the road. It's a beautiful day, a perfect day to go to the beach. That's Mr. Naveed. Say what's up to Rich TV Live community my friend. What's up Rich TV? What's up? What's up? How you doing amigo? How are you? Somebody's gear. We are on Sisuah Beach. January 2019. Let's see what's popping. Let's go find a spot. All the restaurants are here. You have a restaurant here. I just want to walk to the water and make a little video. This is Sisuah Beach. It is a Wednesday. Let's take a look. This is Paradise. We are on Sisuah Beach. January 2019. And believe it or not, this is their winter. And it's about 28 degrees right now. Celsius. So that's like 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit I would say. Not too hot, not too cold. Just perfect. The water looks gorgeous. I will be jumping in. Hello. Hello. Everybody so friendly here. Everybody wants to be on camera. Hopefully we can interview some people and have some entertaining content for the people that are watching at home. So this is Sisuah Beach. It's one of the famous beaches here in the Dominican Republic. It's a great place to come, unwind, drink, eat, swim, play in the water, listen to music, enjoy the weather. Alright party people, this is your boy Rich from Sisuah Beach. And I'm out. Let's see what's up on that boat. I suspect I can zoom in there. Party boat. You could be on that boat. Holler at your boy. I'm out. Peace.


It's going to allow community groups and parish councils to apply for funding for anything that's going to make energy efficiency the number one priority in community buildings. The community building is the heart of the community really. So many activities go on in these in these buildings, and if we can make them more inviting and cheaper to run, that's going to be a good thing because even more stuff can go on in our villages. Things like this, this insulation. This is a very, very efficient way of keeping the energy within the building. Mynd ydych chi yn gallu gauf jagi, ffordd cyqui prophetsiaeth, yn ddisgrif enfim yr hoffa'r buddau sydd cynnyddi, mae'r biglion yn gwahanol, a hynny'n grannu i ansiwn, mae hynny'n gallu mynd i gyd. Rydw i'n rhoi annogoleb cyféteru elwyol, yn y gallwch ei pryd yn fawr o gy��r ify rydyn ni ddim yn llun. A mae'r llyw wneud hynny'n cael ei bod yn sefydlent i gyllegol cwaith yma, It was all quite an expensive job. Additionally, while that was being done we replaced the windows with double glazed windows and we put extra fiberglass on top of the suspended ceiling, so we're cocooned and warm and it's made quite a difference to how the users of the hall feel about it myndu ond yn oed yn ysgolwyr a mae'n cyd-deudio peirion yma yn gwasanaeth yma yn aeth. Yw'n bod yn gyntaf, mae'n gwneud yma hynny byddedig西f. Mae yn cyfnod gan gweinio yn gweinio. Mae'n gweinio'n gweinio'n gweinio'n gweinio. Mae'n gweinio'n gweinio'n gweinio.  So the first step is to get some good technical advice as to what the parameters are, what we can do, and then we would seek to implement a really good scheme. So to apply for this fund, in order for us to have the best sort of technical advice seems to be a very good thing to do.


Hello everyone, welcome to my course, Fundamentals of JavaScript, Road to JS from HTML. This course will be very, very useful for you, especially if you are new to computer programming and so on. And this is actually a foundation course on JavaScript, so you're going to see only the basic ideas on JavaScript, how to write a code in JavaScript, what are the basic syntax we have in JavaScript, and so on, so up to some extent we'll discuss. Then that is a code given here, Road to JS from HTML. How they are connected, HTML and JS, this is the first thing that we are going to see in this lecture. Let us go on. In this, for the topics to learn, a quick summary on HTML, let us have it and relation between JavaScript and HTML. The need for JavaScript, the general syntax, they use how to get output and how to give user input in JavaScript variables, so what are the, how to declare those variables in JavaScript and how to do operations on that, I'm sorry, how to do operations on those variables, mathematical operations or any kind of operation, comparison operators. If you are already good in programming, this is just a very easy course for you to learn. We are going to see data types, what are the different data types available in JavaScript and how to utilize that, if statement, if statement, for loop and while loop. These are the basic things that we are going to see in this course. Maybe in further courses we can see in-depth about JavaScript. JavaScript is really vast like an ocean, so you can swim through the ocean to get more knowledge. Let us have a comparison between HTML and JavaScript, how they are really connected. HTML means it's an hypertext markup language. It's usually designed, the outline of the web pages. It's actually used to design the outline of the web pages, how they are designed. For example, let us say if you go to Google, how the web page is designed. There will be a large name showing Google, there will be a dialog box, and there will be a search box. Google is actually basically a search engine, so there will be a search box for us to search anything in Google. How to design that? Please understand that your web pages, maybe your college website, whatever it is, it is actually designed in HTML, using HTML code. And cascading style sheets. The name suggests it is adding styles to our web pages. It adds more beauty to our web pages. It enhances the nature of the pages. You can add some designs, images, animations, transitions, whatever you like using CSS. So if you are learning HTML and CSS would also be helpful for you. And everything in HTML will be placed inside tags and we will see the basics in tags. We are not going to see much deeper. We will see a basic syntax on how HTML should look like. Then JavaScript is a scripting language. Please understand the difference. This HTML is actually used to design the outline of the web pages, where JavaScript is used to make the web pages function. For example, let us say if you have a button in a web page, like submit or login, if you have like that, that button is actually designed using HTML. It is written in HTML code. But if you click that button, your information should be saved. It should be directed to another page. Or you should be prompted. That is, you have submitted successfully. You should be alerted. That is actually done by JavaScript. So what it should do? What the web pages should do? It is actually directed by the JavaScript. So it is scripting language. It is used to control the web pages. A lot of different input functions are there. There are a lot of functions. I already told you that JavaScript is an ocean. So there are a lot of input functions. We will see some of the functions, very basic functions in this course. This is the fundamental course. This is the bridge course. Then JavaScript is a lightweight programming language. It can classify programming languages into lightweight, which is easy to learn and hard to learn. I mean, it is not hard. You can say it is challenging. JavaScript is an easy language to learn. So one more point I want to insist here is, there is no relation between Java and JavaScript. JavaScript is completely different from Java. Except the name Java. JavaScript only has the name of Java. But don't confuse yourself. Java is different and JavaScript is different. This is scripting language. Let us understand the difference using this cell phone. It is an analogy. Don't confuse. If you take the cell phone, one might have designed the buttons, settings button, the camera option, the logo for the camera, and the logo for this app, this application, whatever it is. But if you click this camera button, the camera automatically, the camera should work. The system should make the camera work. That code is actually written using can be compared to JavaScript. And this button designing can be compared to HTML. So designing is all about, HTML is all about designing and JavaScript is all about functioning. That is the analogy I have been trying to say. So in this next lecture, we are going to see about the basic syntax of HTML. Thank you. Hello everyone. In this lecture, we are going to see how to write an HTML code. And we are going to run the code in our browser. I am going to check whether it works or not. Most of you might have learned HTML in your elementary school itself. It is a very easy programming language. So you might have learned. So you guys have a refresher or a recap. And some might have, you know, have not learned it. So let us try to write a code in HTML. And the editor can be anything. Editor can be any normal, you know, software, a typing software, maybe a notepad or Microsoft Word, anything. So let us search here. Let us use notepad, which is very, very easy to use. I have opened the notepad. Let us maximize it. Let us, you know, zoom it. It will be clear in the video. So recall that or understand that HTML code should be written in tags. The keywords are known as tags. So you have an opening time somewhat look like this HTML. Everything should be included in this tag. Everything should be typed inside this tag. And the tag should be... Sorry, sorry. I am sorry, guys. The tag should be closed like this. So this is the opening tag and this is the closing tag. And inside this, you can write your code. Inside this, you can use any number of tags to, you know, enhance your web page. So the code for web pages should be placed inside here. So let us write a code, HTML. Then inside, when you write HTML, it means it is HTML code. So that's why I am mentioning the tag HTML. There are a lot of tags in HTML. You might be knowing it. So let us rush up HTML. Generally, people use body tag to print something in web pages. So the body of the page should be designed here inside the body tag. So let us move this body. Let us type hello world. Hello world. Fine. Let us close this body tag. We have to close this body tag. It will work properly. And close the HTML tag. The tags will also be included like head tag, title tag. I will tell you why. This is enough for an HTML code. Then after you are clear with it or you are done with it, you save it. Let us save this somewhere. Let's stop. There is a new folder here. Let us save this. Let us save it as my lecture one. The extension is .html. You should not save it as text. Then it will not display in browser. It is extension.html. So you can lock all files here. My lecture one .html. This is very, very important. This extension is .html. Then save the file. Let us go to the folder. Let us check our file. Our file is here. Let us click it and open it with a browser. I am using Microsoft Edge. There it is. It is our output. Hello world. This is my Microsoft Edge browser. This is in my web page. Hello world. Whatever I have typed in the source it is in my web page. This is my source code. This is my output. This is in my web page. Browser. You can type anything here. There are other tags also. Some other tags. There is a tag called title tag. Title my web page. You should have my web page. You should close the tag here. Whenever you open a tag close it. You should close it. Plus control is to save. I am moving the right. Sorry not save. You should save the file. Open the browser. Refresh it. Whatever changes you have made to the source code will be reflected here when you refresh the file. Refresh it. I have removed hello world. Hello world has vanished. Title tag is here. Let us close these two web pages. Title tag is here. I have put the title as my web page. It is shown here. This is my title. There are other tags also. Inside body I can use that. Maybe h1. H1 is a tag to enhance the sentences. H1 is a tag. I have typed hello world. Let us save this. Go back to the browser. Refresh. You can see the difference. It has been bolded. The font size has been increased. We can use that. One more favorite tag. A lot of tags. I have one favorite tag. It is my favorite tag. You can serve through the internet to use these tags. Let us save this. Let us go for the browser. It will actually roll on the web pages. It is my favorite tag. You can control it using code. Whether it should roll from right to left or left to right or up to down vertically. This is how you write the code for the web page. Everything should be mentioned inside the tags. This is pure HTML. In our next lecture we are going to see how to write a JavaScript here. How to write a JavaScript code here. That is what we are going to see in the next lecture. Thank you. In this lecture we are going to write our first JavaScript code. How to print something. Let us print hello world using Java. In the previous video we have printed hello world using HTML. In this video we also use HTML. JavaScript will be embedded inside the HTML code. JavaScript will be embedded inside the HTML. This is the point you have to understand. Let us start with HTML. I can zoom this right. HTML then open the body tag. Let us close the body tag. I will just observe what I am doing. Let us close the HTML tag also. This is the basic HTML structure. You have opening tags and closing tags. If you execute this code nothing will be printed on your web page. To differentiate the HTML code and the JavaScript code the JS code will be placed inside these two tags. Whenever you write something in between these two tags you are writing JavaScript code. The JavaScript code is actually embedded inside the HTML. I hope you are clear. Let us print something. Normally to print something we use a function in JavaScript that is document.write Whenever I write document.write whenever I type it means that I am going to print something. You have to open the place and type something here. Let us write hello world. Let us close this. You have to put a semicolon. The semicolon means that the statement is over. The statement is ended. This denotes the end of the statement. All the statements in JavaScript will end with a semicolon. Document.write This is a function used to print any statement here. You should print some statements in your web pages. Save as lecture number 3 the extension is .html and I have explained this in my previous video. Let us go to the file and open it. Let us try to open it. It has printed. If you remove this function let us go to the source. This is the source. In the previous lecture or video we do not have script tags and we just wrote hello world inside the body tag itself and it has printed hello world. But here if you do not use this function it will not work. For example let us remove this function document.write Let us use it as hello world. Let us check whether it will print or not. Let us save this and go to the browser. The code is actually wrong. In JavaScript if you want to print something you have to use document.write document.write To get user output you have to use this function document.write This is your first JavaScript code. In the next lecture we will see how to declare the variables and the variations on variables. Thank you. In this lecture we are going to declare variables. How to use variables in the JavaScript. Let us search notepad We normally use notepad in our lectures. Let us go for notepad. Here it is Let us do the basic structure of html body then script tag Our code must be placed inside our script tag because whenever I write script tag it means it is a JavaScript. This is how JS is embedded inside html. I will explain that in the previous video also. Let us declare any variable We have to use one function one keyword like var var x Anything Let us write var x This var means the short form of variable. This is the keyword to represent x is a variable. Anything you can write here but it should not start with a number. The variable name should not start with a number. I can say where the variable name is actually a book. I can say abc and underscore is allowed. This is also a variable name but the variable name should not start with a number. This will throw an error. In JavaScript the browser will not show any error. If you have a syntax error in your code it will not print anything. It will give you a blank page. Using that you should understand that there is an error in your code. Let us write var x which means that variable x equals 5. To assign some values to our variable we use this equal to If you mention like this 5 will be stored in x Let us put a semicolon to end this statement. To print x we use document.write x Let us put a semicolon. Let us close the tags. Script tag should be closed. Body tag should be closed. Then html tag should be closed. This is our complete code. Let us save this as variables. .html Here you put all files. That is not a problem but anyway let us open this with a browser. So 5 is printed. Why it is 5? In our source we declared a variable called x. We assign the value 5 to x and we try to print the value of x. So 5 is actually printed. In this way you can do anything in this. Let us say variable y its value is 5. There should be any value. Let us add these two variables. x plus y equals z which means x plus y will be done. That means 5 plus 10 will be added. Then it will be stored in z. Let us close this and try to print the value of z. So two variables are declared x is assigned 5 and y is assigned 10. Then z is assigned x plus y which is 5 plus 10. So it should be 15. Let us take whether it is printing 15 or not. Let us save this code. Save this code using controllers or I can save this. Then go to browser refresh the code. It will show 50. So mathematical operators will work here. I will explain all the mathematical operators in this video itself. It is not a problem. Let us go to the source. You can also subtract it. Subract it. Save the code. Go to the browser. You will get minus 5. Because 5 minus 10 is minus 5. You can subtract it. Then you can also multiply these two values. Save this. Go to the browser. Refresh. Then you will get 50. Where 5 into 10 is 50. You can also divide that value also. Divide. That is two divisions. It is Let us x slash y. Let us check what it returns. This is important. Let us take what it returns. C In most of the programming languages or in C, if you do this or x divided by y it will return only the you know quotient. But in JavaScript it returns the exact division value. 5 divided by 10 is actually 0.5. It returns the exact value of the mathematical operation. So, is it this x slash y will divide these two values. So, that is what I am trying to say. The math operators will be very useful in doing the programs. And there is another operator called modulus operator. That also can be used. Let us save this. This is simple for modulus operators. The other person is simple. Then 5 divided by 5 modulo 10 will be done. It is actually 5. Let us go to the code. 5 divided by 10. 5 modulo 10 is actually 5. So, 5 will be stored and 5 will be printed. So, you have the increment operator also. Let us use the increment operator. To increment operators actually unary operator. So, you need only one variable. One variable is enough. So, let us use the x plus plus. Then let us try to print x. So, let us save this code. Let us go back to the browser. Refresh it. It will print 6. Because what will happen? 5 will be assigned to x and x plus plus is actually means you are trying to print x is equal to x plus 1. This is actually equal in 2. x is equal to x plus 1. Which means increment the value of x by 1. So, 5 plus 1 will give 6. So, 6 will be printed here. This is another operator. Mathematical operator which you might be using in your code. So, that's all. In our next lecture, let us see how to get user input in JavaScript using JavaScript. Thank you. Hello, guys. I welcome you all to lecture number 5. So, in this lecture, we are going to see how to get user input in JavaScript. So, have a note here open and let us get the user input. So, I will follow the basic HTML syntax, HTML, body. Usually, the script tag will be placed inside the body and alternatively, it can be placed in title tag also. That is another tag. Head tag also. Not title tag. In the head tag also you can place the script. It will be working. So, inside the script, we have to write a java code. So, let us declare a variable to store our input. Let us say where var x. Where is the keyword to declare a variable we have seen in that in the previous video. So, the function which is used to get the user input is actually window.prompt which it will prompt the user to give the input in the web page. window.prompt and you have to write like this. Enter a number, maybe. Enter a number. You put a semicolon to enter statement. So, window.prompt whatever you give here will be prompted to the user. And there will be empty box for the user to give the input. So, let us print the value of x. Whatever user types inside the box should be printed. So, let us print that. Using document.write. We have seen that. Let us close the script tag. Let us close the body tag. Let us close the HTML tag also. These and all should be done. Then save this. Let us go to the file and open it. Once the web page is open it is our prompt box. It says enter a number and enter a number. Let us say 8. I am entering 8. I am pressing ok and 8 will be printed because what it happens if I press 8 will be stored in x and that will be printed using this function. document.write. This is the basic code to get the user input. In my next lecture I will explain how to use some other operators comparison operators logical operators. So, thank you. That is all. Hey guys, I welcome you all to lecture number 6. In this lecture we are going to see the types of data types in JavaScript. It is actually very easy concept. So, the different types of data types in JavaScript is actually three. One is integer, another one is floating point number and another one is actually string. So, let us try to illustrate that. Let us say variable phi is equal to x. If you print, if you write document.write in say bracket x it will print it. So, phi is actually an integer. So, that will be understood by the compiler. So, phi is actually an integer but you do not have any separate keyword for integer, float and string. The keyword is actually variable. To declare any variable the keyword is actually var var. So, let us try to illustrate the floating point number 50.09. If you use this decimal point then it is actually a floating point number. Let us save this code. Let us go to the browser, refresh T. 50.09 is actually printed. What I mean is this is a floating point number. It is not integer. So, let us go for the another data type which is string x is equal to let us print hello, how are you? This is actually a string hello, how are you? Let us save this code and go to the browser. I will print hello, how are you? This is string. This is actually a string. This is another data type in JavaScript. If you are good in programming language then these and all might be knowing already. So, I am sorry to explain and let us write another string. How are you? Yes, I am fine. Let us try to put a semicolon. Let us try to put x plus y. Let us see what happens. Let us save this. Let us go to the browser. Hello, how are you? Yes, I am fine. What happens is if you write like this, x plus y then these two strings will be concordinated. That is in simple words these two strings will be added. Hello, how are you? Yes, I am fine. These two strings will be added. If you simply you can add this by using this plus operator. This is available in Python also. Yes, this is actually a string data type and there is another data type also called boolean data type. So, I forgot to mention that. I am sorry. There is another data type also boolean data type. So, the value of boolean data type is actually true or false. There are only two values either it is true or false. So, you can declare like this x is equal to true and which means that if you put like this, if you put variable x is equal to true then this is actually x is a boolean data type or x is of type boolean. So, there are four data types in JavaScript actually. One is integer, floating point number, string and one other one is boolean or another one value for boolean data type. So, there are only two values possible in boolean data type. You can also write like this put in square, sorry, double quotes then it becomes a string now. Whatever you mention inside this double quotes will become string. So, this is the difference between string and boolean operator. You might be asking whether true will be taken as string or boolean data type. So, now this is boolean. So, if you try to print the value of x and y it will print true and false. So, false also means 0 and true also means 1 or any real value means a real value. So, only the these two values can be accepted by the boolean variables whether any variable sorry, I mean the name of the boolean variables can be anything but it should strictly follow the conventions. It should not start with a number and it should not have any special characters. Okay. Okay, that's how you know. Let's stop with this and go for the next lecture. Hey, guys I welcome you all to lecture number 7. So, in this lecture we are going to see about the if statement and if statements. Okay. So, how it is used put in, you know, in JavaScript and we are going to understand the use of assignment operators or comparison operators also. So, let us write where variable x or where x is equal to 5. Okay. Let us write where y is equal to 5. This is also possible or you can write like this also. Okay. If y x is equal to 5 then y is also equal to 5. Okay. So, let us syntax of if statement is if inside the bracket inside this bracket you have to give you give the condition open a block, close a block. Right. So, if the condition given inside the bracket is true then the block will be executed. Okay. This block will be executed. So, let us write let us take whether x is equal equal x equal equal y which means that it will check this is the you know called equality operator. This will check whether the left hand operand and right hand operand are equal. If these two are equal then let us print document dot write write. This is the function used to print. Let us print. Great. True. Okay. True. Let us print true. Okay. So, how it works you know it will check x is equal to y and this equality operator has two values either true or false. If these two are this condition is true this will return true and this box will be this block will be executed. You can give anything here. Okay. Let us save this code. Go to the browser. Refresh it. It is true. Right. Because x is x actually equals 5. Oh, it is true.  Let us make this condition false. y is equal to 10. Any value. Okay. Save this file. Go to the browser. Refresh it. Nothing will be printed because the upload is actually not executed. This condition becomes false here. So, this is the use of statement in JavaScript. This is actually an easy one. And let us use another operator also called you know comparison operator greater than operator. I will check whether x is actually greater than 5. If it is true it will print true. Okay. Save. Go to the browser. Refresh. Nothing will be printed because x is not greater than 5. That's my simple answer. Right. So, let us put x less than 5. Let us save this. Go to the browser. It will print true because 5 is actually less than 10. Right. So, if you use less than operator it will print true. So, this is another way to illustrate the comparison operators. Then you can put less than or equal to and greater than or equal to is actually also possible. Right. So, these are the comparison operators in JavaScript. I am just giving an overview because this course is actually a basic introductory course. Okay. So, this is the way you can use the statement. Let us try to use the Eiffel statement also. Both the statement and the Eiffel statement. Okay. So, let us try to write a code using statement and Eiffel statement. So, let us declare a variable variable x is equal to 5 and another variable y is equal to maybe 15. Okay. If x equals equals y which means that if x is equal to y you have to print document.write document.write both are equal. Okay. Yeah, that is the obvious statement. Right. Both are equal. Else else document.write both are not equal. It is a syntax for else statement. So, else statement can't exist without Eiffel statement. Okay. Then this will not work. Else statement should be placed immediately after the statement. But the else statement is actually optional. It can be neglected if it is not necessary. Let us save this code and go to the browser. Okay. We will print both are not equal because because let us go to the source. Right. Because x and y are not equal. It is only 5 and 150. Let us get the user input for x and y. Let us print sorry. Let us declare variables like this where x, y for x get the user input document.write sorry to print something. Right. It is not the correct way to write the code. window.prompt window.prompt enter number one. Right. Enter a number or number one. What I mean is not actually meaning the number one. Enter first number. Let it be. Let us not make much confusion. Enter first number. So, y equals window.prompt enter second number. Okay. Let us end this with a semicolon. Then save this code. Go to the browser. It will ask the first number. Let us enter the number. Maybe 13. Right. It is all second number. Let us enter the number also. 13 will enter. Let us check whether it is printing both are equal. Okay. Yeah, both are equal. See it works. Okay. Our code works. So, this is how you get the output from the first statement. And this is actually very, very important. The first statement is one of the important in any programming language. Okay. The statement will be important. Then in the next video we are going to see how to use loops in JavaScript. Okay. Thank you. Hey, guys. I welcome you all to lecture number eight. In this lecture we are going to see how to use LCIF statements or otherwise it is called LCIF later in C programming actually. Let us check how to use that. Okay. So, let us remove these. So, variable X is equal to Y. Let us declare those variables. Let us initialize those variables. X is equal to 5 and Y is actually initialized 10. These are the initial values of X and Y. And let us declare another variable also. Right. Let us declare another variable. Is that equals to 5? So, LCIF statement can be written like this. If X is equal to Y you print. If X open the block, you document. Right. You know, print X. Okay. Let us print X. Okay. LCIF, which means that LCIF this statement is not true. Go for the LCIF statement but take a condition there. For the LCIF statement also there is a condition. Okay. That is what it means. If Y equal equal Z you print document. Right. The value of Y. Okay. So, let us close this code. Or you can put any number of LCIF statements. Okay. If LCIF, okay. You can put any number of LCIF statement. If Y not equals to Z let us print document. This is called document. This is called not equal. Okay. And an exclamation mark is equal to sign. Not equal. Okay. Document dot right. Value of Z and put a semicolon post this. Else the last statement should be else. This is optional. Document dot right. Let us try to print. Sorry. Okay. Just a mere statement. Okay. Nothing behind it. Okay. So what it will actually do it will first check X is equal to Y. If it is true it will print X. Otherwise it will go and check the other statement. Else it will take Y equal Z. If this is also true it will print Y and stop executing and complete the LCIF statement. If it is not true then it will go and check the other statement. If it is true it get printed or not true. Finally it will print else statement. Okay. If nothing out of these statements are true it will print else statement. Okay. Let us save this code. This is what we call as LCIF later. Let us save this code go to the browser. Refresh that 5 is printed. Why it is printing 5? Let us check that in our code. Y is equal to 5. Y is equal to 10. It will check 5 equals 10. It is not true condition is actually false so this will not be executed. Then it will check whether Y is equal to 5. 10 is equal to 5 it is also not true though this box will not be executed it will move on to the next block. It will check 10 is not equal to 5. 10 not equal to 5 the condition is actually true then it will print the value of Z. Z is actually 5. So 5 is getting done. So this is how the LCIF later will look like. Thank you. Hey guys this lecture, lecture number 9 actually. We are going to use loops to do our operations. Okay. So we are going to check how to use loop. Okay. What do you mean by loop actually? In programming loop means that particular statement should be executed again and again until the condition gets false. That is what it actually repeats the iteration. So it can execute a block of code in number of times. Now the number of times can be mentioned by the user. The condition also can be mentioned by the user. The statement also as well. Okay. So let us if the condition is true it will execute it as my number of times till the condition gets false. That is actually called as a loop. Okay. So looping right. Looping again and again. That is what it means actually. So let us check, let us first try to understand the for loop. So for loop has three arguments. Okay. The first argument should be your initial value i equals 0 and semicolon this can be any variable let us declare that variable. You should declare that variable here or you can also declare that inside the for loop also. Okay. Variable i equals 0 which means sorry you may be knowing it right. If you are actually good in programming you may be knowing it. That means a variable i will be declared and it has initialized the value with 0. It has been initialized the value of 0. Then let us put a condition i less than or equals 10. Okay. Okay. So the second statement should be condition in for loop. This for loop is actually called as classical for loop in JavaScript. Okay. So first statement should be initialization. Second statement should be condition. Okay. It will check whether i is less than 10 or not. Then you have to increment the value of i. Or else it will become an infinite loop. Okay. The top search result of i. Okay. So after incrementing, so this is our for loop. This is how you write the for loop. Okay. So inside the for loop you can write the statement. Okay. Let us try to print the value of i itself. One dot write i. Okay. Let us close the for loop. Save this file. Let us go to save and let us go to the browser and check this. Okay. Let us open this file here. Hit print 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. What it what it means is first let us check this. Okay. First i will be declared 0. i will be initialized to value 0. Okay. Then it will the condition will be check whether it is whether 0 is less than 10. Less than or equals 10. Okay. If the condition is true then i will be printed. Okay. So it prints 0 here. Okay. The next statement will be i is initialized to 0 and 0 is less than or i is okay. I am sorry. The next statement would be incremented. So i plus plus becomes 1. We have already seen that 0 plus 1 becomes 1. So again it will check the condition whether 1 is less than or equals 10. If it is true it will print i. So now the i value is actually 1. Okay. So 1 will be printed. Clear. So let us go and check another. Again the i will be incremented. i becomes 2 now. So 2 less than or equal to 10. The condition is true. So it gets printed. 2 gets printed. So again i will be incremented. i will be 3. So 3 less than or equal to 10 is true. So 3 will be printed. Until 10. Okay. Until let us say i equals 10 after so many incremented operations. So if it is 10 less than or equal to 10. Conditions also true. So i will be printed. Then i will be incremented. i becomes 11. Then we will check 11 less than or equal to 10. Conditions are false. It will come out of the form. Okay. So up to 10 the numbers will be printed. So we have written a code to print the numbers from 0 to 10 in JavaScript. So using for loop. So this is how you use for loop in JavaScript. Okay. So this statement is actually optional. All the 3 arguments in this for loop is actually optional. Okay. We can remove this. We can leave it as blank and you can declare in the first statement. I have i is equal to 0. Save this. Go to the and this will be executed. Okay. It works one of the same as we have done before. Okay. So this is how you write for loop. Let us remove this increment operator and check what happens. Okay. This will be fun. Right. Let us have the condition. We have initialization. Not a problem. But we have removed the increment increment or decrement operator. Can use decrement also. It is also possible. Let us go to the browser. We can see the the loading option. The loading is actually seen here. Just getting continuously loaded. Which means that it could not come out of the loop. The web page will be loading version loading. Okay. It could not come out of the loop. Which means that it leads to an infinite loop. Okay. It leads to an infinite loop. So you have to even increment or decrement statement here. It is i equals i plus 1. This is also possible. Or I can give i equals i plus 3. Any value you can give. But it should increment our counter. This is called counter. Increment our decrement. Anything. Increment or decrement our counter. Okay. Let us go to the browser. The web page is not responding. I think it has hanged. Right. Let us get back to it. Don't use infinite pages. Then it will become a problem to your web page. So 0 3 6 9. Because i is incremented by value 3 times. So it will increment by 3. Right. So 0 3 6 9. Multiple of 3 gets printed. So let's go to the source. So this is also optional. Sorry not optional. You can leave this and give it inside. Not a problem. Okay. Like inside the loop. Let us stay i plus 10. Let us save this. Go to the browser. Then refresh. Yeah. It will be executed. Same that we have seen before. Right. So this is what I mean by a for loop. So this is actually important in the script. This is called classical for loop. There is another for loop also. That you can see through the net. That is actually outdated. Okay. So this is how you write a for loop. Clear. Right. So let us now try to know about the breaker. Okay. Let us see that in the next video. Thank you. Hey guys. I welcome you all to the next number 10. In this lecture we are going to see about why it looks actually very similar to for loop except the fact that it has only one parameter or one argument whatever you can say. It is actually the condition. It has only the condition. So let us write the code here. Let us say variable variable i where i is equal to zero. It is initialized with a value called zero. So let us write a while loop i you know let us say less than equal to 50. Okay. 50. Then it depends on the document dot i. I will be printed but i should be incremented. Right. Then only it will be incremented. Otherwise it can go into an infinite loop. It will cause harm to harm to harm. So i plus plus save this. Let us open the file. Yeah. Yeah. It will start printing from zero up to fifty. But what is that I couldn't read any numbers or we have to use one statement called break statement then only the break to prove it I'll show the syntax add plus in say double column you put br right this is syntax for the break statement save it go to the browser refresh yeah this break statement is actually used in html to break the line sentences okay so if you break the you know the statement it will be like this for every iteration break will be executed then all will be a printed like one by one okay so this understand that this is different from the break statement which is used in JavaScript this is actually in html there is another break statement also that is actually different if you give that okay let me explain it in a separate lecture okay break and continue statement is different this lecture is all about while loop so this is how you write while loop okay yeah this is the basic concepts about while loop and understand that there is one more key I have the whole understand here the while loop will execute until the condition gets falls if the condition gets falls the while will come out of execution okay so let us see one more loop is do while loop in the next lecture thank you guys I welcome you all to lecture number 11 in this lecture we are going to see about do while okay so what is the difference between do while loop and while loop why we need a loop like do while so the syntax of do while is this your first write a do statement then why a condition should be given with a semicolon remember this semicolon this is not in while loop if you give this semicolon while loop then nothing will be executed okay it it iterates by in the condition itself nothing will be executed not throw in a error but the do while loop this semicolon should be given move that first first do then while what it means is try to print the dot right okay let us try to print I value okay I value plus give give a break otherwise it will confuse me or confuse us sorry okay let us give the statement here also the condition here inside the while loop I should be less than equals one and let's say one okay let's see what happens or I less than one given okay let's see what happens so I have declared a variable I with value one and I'm trying to print a value of I with so the break statement is not necessary one and I'm checking the condition if one is less than one so let us try to print the value yeah one is getting printed here please remember that one's getting printed what do you mean is one is actually initialized to I so first do do block will be executed which means that first it will print the value of I then only it will check the condition if you do this same procedure in while loop it will and nothing will be printed okay so let us check the while loop also whether it will get printed or not let's close this let us cut so while I less than I'll give the same condition why I less than one document dot write I save this go to the browser yeah nothing will be printed okay so it prints nothing because the condition is actually false but if you do the same in the do while statement first it will it will print the it will execute the block or execute the statement then only the condition will be checked or in other words I can say it will print an extra statement when compared to the while loop okay it will print it while you print the end statements it will print n plus one statement or it will execute and what is the difference between do while and while in while the condition will be checked first then the block will be executed here in do while the block will be executed first then only the condition will be checked that is the difference between do while and while loop you have a usage of do while in your I know some standard programs whether I can I can show you in the description okay thank you hello guys welcome you all to this lecture this lecture is all about alert function prompt function and okay we have already seen about prompt function in the previous lecture it will prompt the user and it will get an input something you said right let us see about alert function what will be okay let us write alert very simple let us write alert uh this is javascript okay any statement we can put here any string semicolon save this go to the browser refresh it will give an alert box so in this side this side says this is javascript whatever you enter here will be displayed in the alert box in the source okay so let us save this so the alert box will say hi okay so this is one uh an important future of javascript an alert function we have one more function called confirm okay confirm do you really need this do you really need this okay let us understand the difference between alert and confirm okay let us save this go to the yeah it will say uh it will ask whether do you really need uh can press whether okay or cancel okay so let us uh you can understand uh the difference between confirm and alert let us see it using a program let us write variable x x equals confirm are you sure want to close this page right this is the real usage of this confirm function it will confirm your uh intention okay so uh what i mean is i have written a statement confirm are you sure want to close this page uh variable uh x okay so what i what i mean is this confirm is a function it it it it returns some values right it it returns some values and that value you can be stored in a left hand operand then only you can mention this left hand operand what i mean is if the function uh returns some values you can store that in a left hand operand okay uh the function may or may not return some values confirm return some value that's why i'm storing it some uh variable and it is a uh boolean it is almost similar to boolean it returns only true two values true and uh false okay so if you press okay it will return true that will be stored in x so x is a boolean variable uh if you press cancel it will be taken as false and that will be stored in x okay let us check if x equals equals true true x equals true uh print okay let us put an alert box okay alert thanks okay else let us print document right kindly continue kindly let us print kindly continue so this is how we use uh usage of confirm option will be uh if you ask whether uh the user wants to close the page really then that will be stored in x the result will be stored in x the result of this confirm function without the you know the output of this confirm function let's save this let's go to the browser and check so it it it asks me are you sure want to close this page i press okay then it will print thanks right so because okay is uh because uh okay is actually true uh if you press okay it is taken as true so uh true will be stored in the x so it will compare uh x x to true x is actually true so true will be compared to true the condition gets uh true so this will be printed thanks will uh sorry this will be alerted the thanks will be alerted uh let us check the uh contrary condition also or you sure want to press cancel we press cancel kindly continue that will be can you solid here also the user depends upon the user okay the user the user depends upon the uh um one who writes this code okay so how have you stopped this lecture thank you all thanks for your uh continued support uh i think these are the fundamentals of java script which i wanted to teach so maybe in further courses we'll uh see in deep about the functions arrays and all but these are the fundamentals this will give you an idea of javascript and it will uh make sure that uh it is easy to learn okay javascript is very easy to learn and these uh video lectures might have proved okay so thank you thanks for our continued support