My grief counselor died, but he was so good, I don't care. Josh! Hey, welcome back to our Stupider X sub-corban. I'm Rick. You can follow us on Instagram, Twitter, and more. And spank yo mama on the bottom of her booty. Spank yo mama on the bottom of her booty. Where is it? Can you spank people? You don't want to know? By definition.  It does not. It's a slap. If you don't do it on the butt. It's also a pair of pants, so what are you going to do with that? What? Spanks. Oh my god. Today, if you're wondering, because you've maybe seen this a couple times. No one is. That guy right there is. This is from a great place called Portos. If you ever come to SoCal, go to Portos. I will not. Yes you will. You know Portos is great. I actually, I've been to Portos. I've never actually had Portos though. It's fantastic. Everything they have is fantastic. This is actually another video about the India Moon mission, but it's got sent this quite a bit, and it's a follow-up, but it's why is the West questioning India's achievements. Who in the West is questioning their achievements? I think we'll find out. I think you've seen this reporter before, and so it's the female, and I believe we've seen her before. So you might recognize her. It got sent this quite a bit, and so I don't know exactly. I think it has something to do with the Moon, but I don't know if it's everything to do with the Moon landing, and I don't know if the West is America or if it's England. Europe, there's a whole lot to lump in that category. What it is, but let's just figure out about... Unless this is about Kanye, which would be a big shock. Why is Kanye questioning them? Yeah, why is Kanye West questioning? Let's start our next story from the New York Times. It shows two men sitting inside a room. It's called the Elite Space Club. One of them is reading a newspaper. Yikes. The headline says India's Mars mission. It is shown as a man with a cow. India is shown as a man with a cow knocking on the door. I'm sure you'll agree that this is racist, and in very poor ways. I don't. I'm sure you've seen the cartoon before. I think it's the fact that they're... I don't. They're depicting India as a man with a cow. When the New York Times published something that is more in tune with reality. I'd love to hear from the person who's... Because the West is back to playing its old games, discrediting India's achievements, and questioning India's motives. Let me lay out the facts first. Chandrayaan 3 is an Indian mission in space. That's true. It is the world's first to land on the moon's south pole. That's true. This is a fact. As we speak, the Pragyan rover is out exploring, looking for traces of water. This too is a fact. Oh, that's cool. I hope you didn't see that one. Also, there's a pride for India. A big achievement for science and a gift to the world. With skepticism, condescension, and their trademark hypocrisy, listen to this. As they spend their money on space probes, as they spend their money on the military, they spend their money on nuclear weapons, still half of the country lives below the poverty line. But the biggest injustice of all... Is what? That was Nigel Farage, the man who heralded Brexit, a politician known for his scandals and his hypocrisy. He says India is wasting money on space missions. Why? Because half of its population lives in poverty. The racism is shining through. Also, the utter disconnect with reality. We are happy to share some facts with Mr Farage. It may have slipped his notice that India is the world's fifth largest economy. It is, in fact, ahead of his country, the United Kingdom. But it seems he can't get rid of his colonial mindset. I mean, how can poor India have aspirations? How can a former colony reach the moon before the so-called Great Britain? And since he's so keen on discussing priorities, we have a question for you. Just look up at the end. Why does Britain keep paying for the royal family? The citizens cannot afford the electricity bills. That's definitely true. I definitely don't understand the royal family for sure. Let me show you another bizarre comment. This is from a man called Patrick Christie. He calls himself a journalist, and this is what he said. Congratulations, India, on landing on the dark side of the moon. I would also like to now invite, indeed, you to return the £2.3 billion foreign aid money that we sent them between 2016 and 2021, or also set to give them £57 million next year. I think the British taxpayer should keep hold of that. Don't you? We should not be giving money to countries with a space programme. As a rule, if you could afford to fire a rocket at the dark side of the moon, you shouldn't be coming to us with your handout.  Those were his words. But is India going to the UK for foreign aid? It's had the answer from their own foreign office. This is what they said, and I'm quoting. Since 2015, the UK has given no financial aid to the government of India. Most of our funding now is focused on business investments which help create new markets and jobs for the UK as well as India. This is what their foreign office has sent. Christie's also mentioned a figure, £2.3 billion. What about that? It's from a report by the UK aid spending watchdog ICAI, and Patrick Christie's clearly did not read the whole report, but we did it for him. The figure is not foreign aid, it includes investments and revenue through multilateral channels. The same report notes that this aid is a tool of UK foreign policy, basically a way to stay in New Delhi's good books. Also no one is begging for it. But who will explain that to the West? In their mind, this is still the Raj, and these are comments that would have made Churchill happy. But we are happy to burst their bubble. This is the 21st century, India has a global power, not a former impoverished colony. In 2011, then Finance Minister of India Pranamukerji told the UK that India does not need its aid, and London admitted that the aid had no impact on India's development. Now India has landed on the moon, and British influencers say, return our aid money. If you're going down that road, let's start with reparations. Let's start with the colonial loot. Return that money first, and we have the bill. Some $45 trillion, that's what Britain looted from India between 1765 and 1938, and this is just an estimate. The actual figure could be much higher. But even this $45 trillion is about 15 times Britain's GDP. How about London returns this money first? Instead of discrediting India's achievement with juvenile conspiracy theories, look at this one now. It says, India faked the moon landing. What do you even say to this? I wonder if that was the guy that was referring to in the first video. It shows the Pragyan rover rolling out of the lander, moving on the surface of the moon, leaving India's mark literally and creating history. We know all of this. We don't need validation from the West or cartoons from their press, but we must set the record straight. We need to take control of our stories, we say. Else we'll be held hostage to narratives created by others. We'll be trapped in their version of our truth. Gotcha. So yeah, it is, I guess, a lot of the British guy. What were you looking up about the cartoon at the beginning? I wanted to see the context of the cartoon, and I would have loved to have heard from the person who wrote it as to what they were wanting to convey. Because there's two like most good political satire cartoons. There's more than one message being conveyed. And it would be interesting to know what was the point of the drawing. Yeah, because when I saw the drawing, it spoke to me very specific intentional stereotyping to accentuate the point that for so, so long, the West has made this elitist status of themselves and relegated India to the stereotype knocking at the door. And within that imagery comes the messaging of, not only are your stereotypes wrong, they're not just knocking at the door, they're leading. I don't think like most political satire cartoons, it's not to be taken at face value. There's other messaging that's far more important than what you're seeing at face value. Absolutely. It would be interesting to know this. Yeah, I'd love to know that. And the other thing is, yes, on the one hand, it's ridiculous for, if anybody's going to have a say about what India is doing with its own money, it should be Indians, not someone from outside the country. But the other thing I'm not a fan of is quoting individual people whom I don't know who they are, and then making a blanket statement and saying, this is how the West thinks of us. That is completely irresponsible. Because that's not true. That's not how the entirety of the West thinks about India. Are there a huge number of people that think that way? Of course. I just don't think it does anybody...  I think on the... And you made it obviously good point, and I would love to know the actual intention of the cartoon. Because I think the reason a lot of people might have been upset is that just like in Slumdog Millionaire, it shows India as this third world country that is carrying around cows, and they're just poor farmers, all of them. I think that's the main... And if that is the intent, and if that's all that is, then yes, that is completely imbecilic and short-sighted and insulting. As opposed to showing them in the cartoon as, you know... What are the IS? I don't know the name of the NASA India.  And I think it's IS something, something, something. Whatever the acronym for their space program is. So I think that was the main issue behind that. Anytime India... I mean, Britain talks about any money from India or to India. I think obviously that's a laughable thing. Yeah. If there's any place in the world that has zero, zero credibility in criticizing India for anything that India does, it's great. They should still be sending reparations. I mean, they should probably be sending reparations to most of the world. They should do what they should have done a long time ago, is that they should just mind their own business and focus on any country that has a space program, any person can stand up and point a finger and say you should have been using that money for filling the blank. It doesn't require much critical thinking to do that, nor does it require any courage to point out something like that.  So yeah, England, anybody. But again, this blanket statement of why is the West questioning India's achievements to take a couple of things, the first one being the New York Times political satire thing, which I would really love to know. I have a supposition behind that. If it is at face value, it is inappropriate, but most satire, as I said, is not at face value. Yeah, secondarily, to take quotes from a few people in the West who I don't know who they are and they're particularly British and lump that into the totality of the West as questioning India's achievements only feeds this us and them mentality which we need way less of in the world. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, I agree. I absolutely agree. So you guys can let us know, obviously, your thoughts on that and if you know any of the questions that we had, obviously, please answer those for us. Originally, I asked if it was New York Times. If it was a certain publication, I could probably have told you what their intent was New York Times I don't know as much about in terms of... Because certain ones have a certain political backing that you know exactly where they're coming from. Yes. New York Times is not really... I think it was created as an article or a big budget. Yeah, there's the thing. I'm looking... Regardless, just let us know and we'll obviously look it up ourselves. The intent of the cartoonist was to highlight how space exploration is no longer the exclusive domain of rich Western countries. Okay, I am pretty sure that the intent of that is a message to the Western elites and saying this is the way you view the world, but if you look at the real messaging here, they're not just knocking at the door. In the same way, they're not just these cow-toting people. I think the complete intent of the article was... And the cartoon was missed. Like I said, though, that just like in Slumdog Millionaire, they're showing everybody, the stereotype that everybody still thinks about India is... Right. They're cow-toting. Slumdog was in satire. I know. I think that's just most people's frustration. I think if they showed just an India man with the ISO knocking at the door, I don't think people would be as... But then you don't get the intent behind the political... That's the point of political satire. It's the messaging of showing you the stereotype in order to try and break the stereotype. But this video and the outrage is saying it's a literal degradation of people by stereotype and it's the exact opposite. Well, obviously, let us know what you think about it and any other else we need to know in any other videos we can rack to down below. And also, once again, congratulations India. Congratulations India. Yes.


We continue today with the workbook of A Course in Miracles. What is the ego? The ego is adultery. The sign of limited and separated self, born in a body, doomed to suffer and to end its life and death. It is the quote will that sees the will of God as enemy and takes the form in which it is denied. The ego is the quote proof that strength is weak and love is fearful. Life is really death and what opposes God alone is true. The ego is insane. In fear it stands beyond the everywhere, apart from all, in separation from the infinite. In its insanity it thinks it has become a victor over God himself. And in its terrible autonomy it quotes sees the will of God has been destroyed. It dreams of punishment and trembles at the figures in its dreams. Its enemies who seek to murder it before it can ensure its safety by attacking them. The son of God is egoless. What can he know of madness and the death of God when he abides in him? What can he know of sorrow and of suffering when he lives in eternal joy? What can he know of fear and punishment, of sin and guilt, of hatred and attack when all there is surrounding him is everlasting peace, forever conflict-free and undisturbed in deepest silence and tranquility. To know reality is not to see the ego and its thoughts, its works, its arts, acts, its laws and its beliefs, its dreams, its hopes, its plans for its salvation and the cost belief it entails. In suffering the price for faith in it is so immense that crucifixion of the son of God is offered daily at its darkened shrine and blood must flow before the altar where its sickly followers prepare to die. Yet will one lily of forgiveness change the darkness into light, the altar to illusions to the shrine of life itself and peace will be restored forever to the holy minds which God created as his son, his dwelling place, his joy, his love, completely his, completely one with him. Lesson 331, there is no conflict for my will is yours. How foolish father to believe your son could cause himself to suffer. Could he make a plan for his damnation and be left without a certain way to his release?  How could I think that love has left itself? There is no will except the will of love. Fear is a dream and has no will that can conflict with yours. Conflict is sleep and peace awakening. Death is illusion, life, eternal truth. There is no opposite to your will. There is no conflict for my will is yours. Forgiveness shows us that God's will is one and that we share it. Let us look upon the holy sites forgiveness shows today that we may find the peace of God. Amen.


We were logged in just before voting and everyone logged in. There is no dispute about that. Whomever was present. But when we voted, the system shows that some people were not present. The system shows that some people are not even available. The system shows that five nominated ministers were not present when they were. So, for the system to generate a report, it shows that there were only three nominated members of parliament. When they were aware, all the eight seated in the chamber. When they were aware, more than nine independents. So I can even give you a rough count. 83 plus 8. That's giving us what? 91 plus 9. Okay, that's giving us 100. That's 105. Plus 6. 111. Plus 4 MMD. That's 115. Plus FDD. That's 116. Plus Chifubu. Okay, that's 117. Plus Wusakile. That's 118. Plus Monsabombwe. That's 119. Yeah, so roughly, roughly we should have been about 119 votes. So you as a... You and Honorable Mundo Eden is the chief whip, government chief whip and you as deputy chief whip. You had done your homework. Everything was said and that's why we told you that we had the numbers. We had the numbers and we still have the numbers. If we have to go back for Iriran, BU number 10 will go through. If the system is not tempered with to show for example that the PF were 84, when we were not 84, we were 83. Right? So that shows you. That shows you that somebody tempered with the system to make sure that BU number 10 does not go through. Okay, so are you as a party... I know you are the party in power. Are you willing to hold an official inquiry or you should treat this as water? This is a very serious matter. There was a point of water raised by Honorable Member of Parliament for Chifubu. And I think a lot of letters have been written to Mr. Speaker's office. He has reserved the matter for ruling. So we are hoping all these irregularities could be addressed. Because as far as we are concerned, we cannot fail to get 111 when you have 122 members of parliament sitting in the chamber. We were very confident and we are still very confident.


Hi there. Welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Roestel here, bringing you this video from Jerusalem. I want to take a look today at three books that have been written on the subject of Aliyah moving to Israel. Now, the Aliyah genre is not that big. There haven't been that many books written on the subject. And I think that's a great pity because so many olim from so many different countries have so many different perspectives to bring on Aliyah. And I think that every one of these books and every book that's been written about Aliyah has made some sort of a contribution to discussing that. And of course, there's tons of literature from Nefesh Benefesh and the Jewish Agency and organizations like this. But personally, I connect a lot more with stories that are written by real people or individual people, let's say. So I want to take a look today at three of these books. This is not an exhaustive selection of books about Aliyah, but these three are on my bookshelf. I'm going to talk about them one by one. The first book is Becoming Israeli by Akiva Gersh. This is a really, really nice book. It's a more like a collection of anecdotes. A lot of the material, I'm not sure if it's all the material or just a portion of it has been taken from Times of Israel blogs. So The Times of Israel obviously has a very big blogger community and a lot of people share stories there. So these were edited and collected by Akiva Gersh and there's a forward in this by Yossi Klein-Halevi. Just to kind of what I like about this book, it's the kind of thing you can pick up and put down because it's comprised of so many short chapters and it's not like kind of a linear narrative. So I think this is a nice book if you're just looking to get different perspectives about what Israel means to people. And that's kind of the narrative or the theme that runs through this collection. It's kind of exploring the significance of Aliyah and Israel to the people featured in the book. So these are all available on Amazon. I'm going to put links in the description. And as I said, I just want to emphasize that this is not all the books about Aliyah that have been written. It's just a selection of them. Second book, Aliyah, Home Hope Reality. So this book was written by somebody who lives quite close to me here in Jerusalem, Ariella Bernstein. She co-wrote this book with her husband, Avi Losage. I'm probably getting Avi's name wrong. I did proofread this book for Ariella for some feedback on a draft. So I was sort of tangentially involved in the production process. I mentioned that just for the purpose of transparency. Now, this book is also fulfills an important gap. And the gap fulfilled here is really exploring what Aliyah means in the context of Olim's relationship with their parents. Now, I'm a young Ole of 32 years old. And when people my age and younger move to Israel, it's not always the case that we move with our family. Sometimes we're the only person in our family here. That's my case. No one else in my immediate or close family has made Aliyah. And what I really liked about this book from Ariella and Avi, two things really. Firstly, I thought it was a very compassionate exploration of Aliyah, something I don't like. And I've been sort of very transparent about this in my writing and my blogging. I don't like the idea that we can't talk about what's wrong with life in Israel because there are some facets of living in Israel that are problematic. The cost of living is crazy. There was an amazing, amazing article in The Times of Israel last week talking about the cost of property and that your average down payment required for an apartment in Israel now exceeds $250,000. That is crazy. That means that in order to buy an apartment in Israel, just to qualify for a mortgage, you need to be on your way to becoming a paper millionaire. So I don't think there's any point in shying away from these dynamics because if we do, we're never going to have that discussion where we can sort of make fluid ideas and put those open for discussion. So I really liked the fact that Aliyah, Home Hope Reality, it wasn't necessarily a pro-Israel book. I mean, it's very pro-Israel and the fact that it's talking about moving here and how to manage that family dynamic well. But I actually really appreciated the fact that it did not feel even slightly judgmental. It was just basically these are the conversations you can have with your parents. This is how now it's intended mostly for parents. So it's talking to the parents about how to manage the process with their with their children. But it's also got a lot of good info here. Some very pragmatic information going as far as talking about how to navigate the health fund. And it does say on the back here, I don't know if these follow-up books have come out. It does mention coming soon, Aliyah retiring home and Aliyah unsung hero. So I haven't spoken to Ariela in a while. I don't know exactly where those projects stand. She's she also did a research for this book, which is very cool. Small sample size. One of the surveys was 113 people. But the government is not doing, in my opinion, enough to look at Aliyah retention. It's like it brings people to Israel, then once they're there, that whole discussion of how can we keep people in Israel falls off the agenda and it's left to unofficial organizations to kind of try to plug that gap. And I think that the fact that Ariela and Abby undertook their own research to find some dynamics that such as that, you know, how many people know somebody who's left Israel, I think that's tremendous. So final book, just get on that plane, Aliyah and why you need to make it right now. I have to be honest, because there is a review on Amazon saying the book was written by a ghost writer called Daniel Russell, who is me. I was involved deeply in this production process. I can't comment on that exact that exact issue of whether I and the ACO Greenspan are one and the same. Nevertheless, nevertheless, I will talk about this book. So this is a. Almost lightly comedic book that basically is full of judgment. So whereas Abby and Ariela's book has no judgment, this book is extremely judgmental and saying that if you live in the diaspora, you are wasting your time. Now, it's not it's not just about that. It's more about why it's articulating the ideological belief that really every Jew should move to Israel, that that's the right place for Jews to be. And that's very much actually what I believe it's also in pretty strident terms and it's not a very diplomatically put argument. But this book does make the argument explores various. It's like the kind of book you could buy for your relative who is not interested in moving to Israel and you're trying to sort of like wait them up and say, hey, here's the agenda. You might not like what this guy has to say or you might like it. But it's not a very long book. It's about one hundred and fifty pages. And these are all available from Amazon.com. So we had Aliahom Hope Reality, which was a nice book for parents really exploring in good depth that dynamic of what happens when your children decide to make Aliah, whether you also come with them or you don't come with them, etc. There's Becoming Israeli, which is really just a nice series of vignettes, I would say about people in Israel and their various perspectives on what Zionism and living in Israel means to them. I think a great book to have on your coffee table to dip in and dip out of. And finally, there was Just Get On That Plane, which is a much more sort of aggressively argued book for Aliah, which basically gives the traditional sort of perspective, the right wing nationalistic perspective on why you need to move to Israel, why it's the right place, etc. So three very, very different books, fulfilling three different needs. All are available on Amazon. Thank you very much for watching this video. If you'd like to get more videos from me about Israel, Linux, marketing and many other random topics, please feel free to subscribe to this YouTube channel.


Recently, the World Health Organization classified processed meat, also known as cured meat, in bacon, ham, hot dogs, lunch, meat, sausage, as definitively cancer-causing in humans. As if that's not enough, high processed meat consumption has also been associated with increased risk of dying prematurely from all causes put together and is a risk factor for several major chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. What about lung issues like asthma? Nitrites are added to processed meats as preservatives to preserve their pink, so they don't turn gray, keeping them less rancid-tasting, and to present the growth of diseases like botulism. But put that same sodium nitrite in a drinking water of lab animals, and they develop emphysema. They nearly all developed emphysema. But that's all the scientific knowledge we had on the subject, coming into 2007, until this study, which found that frequent cured meat consumption is associated with increased risk for developing diseases like emphysema in people to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eating it like every other day appeared to triple the odds of severe COPD. But it was just a snapshot in time study, so we don't know which came first, the sausage or the COPD for that. We need prospective studies to follow people over time, and the big twin Harvard studies in both women and men, both found that the risk of newly diagnosed COPD increased with the greater consumption of cured meats. Currently, we now have studies involving hundreds of thousands of people, showing that higher intakes of processed meat were associated with a 40% increased risk of COPD. It comes out to like an 8% high risk of COPD for each hot dog you eat all week, or each weekly breakfast-linked sausage. What's going on? Yes, there are advanced glycation end products, so-called glycotoxins that may be pro-inflammatory. There's the saturated fat that can also trigger inflammation in the airways. The high salt content can present a potential risk for lung inflammation, or the increase in systemic inflammation in general. But the reason attention is focused on the nitrites is because the nitrites may actually be one of the mechanisms by which tobacco smoke causes diseases like emphysema. Yes, cured meats are the principal source of dietary nitrites, but nitrites are also byproducts of tobacco smoke. One of the main constituents besides the carbon monoxide nicotine are nitrogen oxides that are converted in the lung to nitrites. The way nitrites appear to cause lung damage is by affecting connective tissue proteins, like collagen and elastin. That's what helps keep the air spaces in your lungs open. But nitrite can modify these proteins in a way that mimic age-related damage, including the fragmentation of elastin. With that much lung injury, it's logical to assume processed meat consumption could also exacerbate the disease of those who already have it, and indeed, cured meat consumption increases risk of COPD patients ending up back in the hospital. But twice the risk for those eating more than average and appears the more you eat, the worse it is. Regarding lung health, processed meat intake has been associated with a likely increased risk of lung cancer, a decline in lung function, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. But what about asthma? High processed meat consumption has been associated with higher asthma symptoms as well. We knew about the higher maternal intake of meat before pregnancy, potentially increasing the risk of wheezing in our children later on, based on a study of more than 1,000 mother-child pairs. And we're not talking about aspirating meat into your lungs and being misdiagnosed with asthma. Those who eat the most cured meats were 76% more likely to experience worsening asthma than those who ate the least. Since obesity is a likely risk factor for asthma, though maybe the influence of the meat is just indirect by contributing to weight gain, that might be a small part of it. But the main effect appears to be direct, suggesting a deleterious role of cured meat independent of weight. Put all those studies together and processed meat intake appears to be an important target for the prevention of adult asthma in the first place. Even if you don't have any long issues, processed meat consumption was negatively associated with measures of normal lung function. While fruit and vegetable consumption and dietary total antioxidant capacity was associated with better lung function. But wait, you say I just eat all natural uncured hot dogs with no nitrates or nitrites added in all caps. But if you magnify glass the small print, it says, except those naturally occurring in cultured celery juice. See, to avoid saying they added nitrites, what they do is add something that has lots of nitrates like celery and a bacteria that converts the nitrates to nitrites. So they are adding nitrites. They're just straight up dooping consumers. We didn't add any nitrites, except of course, for all the nitrites we added. We care about your health, so no nitrites added. And who wants pepperoni with nitrites? So we just added lots of nitrites. We would never add any nitrites. Just let the pinky picture distract you from the fact that we just lied to your face. Cormel was my favorite, except for those naturally occurring in seasoning. Pretty slick. Europe doesn't allow this kind of consumer fraud, demanding manufacturers explicitly label it as containing nitrites.  When consumer reports put it to the test, they found the nitrite levels in all the products was essentially the same. So no nitrites doesn't mean no nitrites. Consumer reports and the Center for Science and the public interest have petitioned to stop this misleading practice. Nitrites are nitrites. Their chemical composition is absolutely the same, and so are the health effects.


You just described that loss as embarrassing seeing you guys were capable of much more heavy weight over on this evening. I mean, it's definitely not ideal. We're going out there giving our best effort. But, you know, obviously we came on the wrong side of it today. Two tough plays for you, obviously defensively. Can you just kind of take me through that and what happened on us? The first one, I feel like I got a misread on the hop a little bit. I think the last hop on the turret kind of checked a little bit, which got me too far back and mishandled the second one, made the right play to start. And I thought I was going to have a really good opportunity to get him out of the second, but by the time I looked there, he was going to make it. And so I had to try to redirect and misfire it. But I wish the first one, you know, I got caught on, you know, the hop with a mystery. The second one, I just felt like I made the wrong decision for where to go with the ball. There have been a few games where it looked like the offense was maybe coming out of it, but then you kind of take one step forward, two steps back. Why do you think the offense has not been able to find their way over the last couple of weeks? Well, I mean, we get some guys on early and then, you know, I came up, I want to say it was the first inning with two guys on, not able to drive them in. It'd be big if we could do that for myself as well.  You know, at the end of the day, we haven't been great as a team, scoring or scoring with guys on base. We've got getting the big hit. And I think also it goes down to other teams are pitching pretty well and you got to give them credit as well. But we need to do a better job of making things happen. And, you know, I'm speaking to myself first and foremost. Before the game, Aaron said that maybe Tampa Bay getting closer might spur you guys on. What do you make of the team's mentality now that the lead is down to five games?  I feel like Hermione did a great job. It goes deep in the game. You know, it's won nothing. I mean, it should have been 0-0. But I mean, at the end of the day, you know, they were able to get to them at the end. And where, you know, it was still one swing of the bat. And at the end, it kind of got away from us. But I felt like for the better part of that game, like that was a good ball game being played. And we felt like we were still in it. When you guys get down, do you see any kind of pressing going on? Guys trying to do more than they are capable of? I mean, it's hard for me to speak to about everyone else, you know, but I mean, everybody cares. Everybody wants to go out there and do their best and help the team win. So I feel like, you know, guys are trying to take ownership of what they're doing and putting their best foot forward and trying to go out there and moving the ball game.


Now how collider actually looks like? So, this is one of the basic schematic of Intersecting the storage This was the first Hectron collider And it was operated in the Sun Actually, you can see that From the protons and proton Beam is sending here and protons and proton also beams sending here. So there are Two rings one in green color and one in a positive two are independent completely different accelerators And at these points these points these two accelerators Viking chamber crosses each other So at these locations Collision takes place and at these locations Detectors can be put to detect these collisions There may be another type of schematic Like we have in large electron collider at Sun here in the same vacuum pipe both the rings are both the beams are rotating and That's why It's a dipole looks like this These are the coils Around the dipole and they were two chambers One is for the first beam and another one is the for the second So both the beams are carried into the same channel and Then at certain locations collision are taking place Only energy is not sufficient For the collectors actually when we hit this fixed target in fixed target. There is a plenty of Molecules or atoms or particles are available because fixed target is high density material But beam is not so dense So events number of events means number of collision events reduces So there is another important factor, which is very useful that is related to the how much Events are taking place in per second and definitely for a particular event This rate how much event are taking place depends on the scattering cross section for that particular Supposedly we want to pinpoint some or pick some event Then what is the scattering cross section for that event? So that describes what is the event per second for that particular time? so There is proportionality constant L Which is known as luminosity in the case of colliders So in colliders Luminosity has to be increased if we have very high luminosity in this case So even with a smaller cross section of the events we get sufficient rate of events If we get sufficient rate of events that events can be detected Because Detectors cannot detect events if These are very very rare So far in the between the detection limit DR and DT by DR by DT has to be increased So this luminosity has to be increased Like in the case of synchrotron radiation sources We have seen that evidence has to be reduced in case of a spallation mutual source We have seen that beam power has to be increased and in the case of colliders Luminosity has to be increased So what is luminosity now? We see that Suppose there is a target right now. We are Taking fixed targets So there is a beam which is going on this target We take flux of this beam flux of this beam means number of particles per second As the file And the density of the target material is rho time And we are considering that This rho density is same throughout the target means target is homogenous And targets dimensions are much larger than the beam time Now the length travel by the beam in one second in the target take it is to be L This L is the length Taken by the beam in one second Now if cross section of the scattering is sigma Suppose we are interested in some Event and that has scattering cross section sigma Then total possible interaction in one second will be Rho target Means this suppose a single particle is passing through this target a single particle is passing through that target means it will interact with up to L length L Into sigma sigma is the scattering cross section into rho Sigma L sigma is the scattering cross section means it is area And L is the length and rho is the target materials density So total number of particles in the target In the path of this particle will be rho into L into sigma Now if we are taking Beams Cross section as a so if for one particle it is rho L sigma So for whole beam will be rho L sigma multiplied by the area of the beam So so many interactions are possible with sigma cross section Now for per unit time in per unit area we will have Phi rho target L sigma From this From this We will get this Now here you can see that This sigma Means dr by dt Is equal to L sigma So apart from this sigma this whole things define the Luminosity of the collider So luminosity of the collider A collision experiment i will not say collider because we have taken the fixed target So in this fixed target experiment What is the flux of the beam? What is the density of the target? And what is the length covered by beam in one second? That defines the total luminosity In case of target In case of colliding beam this target is also moving And rho is not so high So we have to take the density of both the beams And now if we will take density of both the beams means luminosity Depends on density distribution of the beam It is highly depending on that So now i will depend on the distribution function How the density is there So we can obtain from as of the previous line Total overlap integral of these two bunches What is the overlap integral? So overlap integral will be according to density What is the density of this first bunch? What is the density of this second bunch? And we can integrate on x, y, z and t because these are moving bunches So we have to integrate on time also And time has been changed as per in our accelerated ds0 So we have changed time from t to ds by beta So these integral will show how much humans can take place With particular cross-section theory This k here defines some kinematic coefficient because bunch are moving So when we solve this We will get rho 1x as x because density may Then there may be a distribution function of the density in this bunch There may be a distribution function in the perpendicular direction also So this is rho 1y And along the s also there may be a distribution function So that is rho 1s minus sv because it is moving along the s axis So in case of s we are getting s minus sv And similar distribution for the second bunch In case of second bunch there will be s plus sv Because it is moving in the opposite direction to the first bunch And again integrate So this will give you the total overlap of densities Distribution function And if we multiply by number of particles in bunches We get total events This is the distribution function Multiplied by number of the particles Then we get the total events Now if there are nb bunches This is for one bunch How many particles are there in the first bunch How many particles are there in the second bunch And many bunches may be there So this is the number of bunches And this is the revolution frequency Means in once evolution frequency How many bunches are there So this completely defines what is the luminosity of the collider So this number has to be increased for the collider Now you can see that This highly depends on the distribution function Density distribution function of the bunch So in most of the cases Analytical solution will not be available And numerical integration has to be given But for a simple case Gaussian distribution we can calculate it So take bunch as a Gaussian distribution It is a Gaussian distribution I have written here only for the case of s Similar distribution Gaussian distribution will be in x and y also Means in x also it is a Gaussian distributed In y also particles as Gaussian distribution And in s also particle I have Gaussian distribution So Gaussian distribution is defined as Exponential of minus s by 2 sigma square Sigma is the standard deviation of this distribution So when we will put at the place of rho 1x, rho 1y and rho 1s And here in this case we are considering Same beam, same bunch on the both side So second bunch will also have e raised to minus x square upon 2 sigma square That's why this beam has been omitted here Because both are having the same So for the first bunch we are having e raised to minus x square by sigma s 2 sigma square For second bunch also we are having e raised to minus x square by 2 sigma square So for it will become e raised to minus x square sigma s Similarly in the y case similarly in the s beam And this sigma s root 2 pi makes this denominator Now if we integrate e raised to minus 80 square From minus infinite to plus infinite The integration is root pi by k Using that relation we get finally the luminosity in this case Now you can see that in the case of Gaussian bunches Luminosity can be increased If number of particles per bunch can be increased If number of bunches can be increased And beam sizes has to be reduced Means very very small beam should be there When the collision is taken place And a very large populated bunch should be there It is from the common sense also If we have densely packed the bunch Number of collision events will be increased Means very large number of particles If it is packed into a very tiny bunch Then definitely if these bunches will be collide Collision events will be increased So this is the same thing we are saying mathematically But there are some problems Actually luminosity decreases in the practical cases Because we were considering as head on collision In accelerator Beam comes at certain angles First beam is coming through this direction And second beam is coming through this direction So this angle actually reduces the overlapping In the case of head on collision Overlap may be complete This will come here This will come here At certain even They may completely overlap But in the case of angled beam Complete overlap will not be there So overlap integral will be reduced Or we can say in other language That effective beam size has been reduced So this is the reduction in the beam size And this theta is there This is the theta This theta is here So by crossing angle Actually luminosity decreases So whatever we have calculated That is the maximum luminosity In actual collider This will be decreased Due to crossing There are more many more effects Which will decrease the Luminosity in particular collider The one is our glass effect What is our glass effect? Our glass effect is like this Suppose this is the S And suppose this is the collision point So I won't focus beam here Means this parameter beta will be minimum here At this location So suppose this is the quiz parameter beta So it goes like this It means sigma here at this location s is equal to s2 Or sigma here at this location s is equal to s1 Are different Means sigma or beam size Actually in collider is a function of s And we have not taken that We have taken the constant sigma throughout the s So in fact sigma changes with s And again this reduces the overlapping And if you want to make Beam size more focused Means if we reduce the beta more Then beta will go like this In the drift space On the both side So if we squeeze the beta Our glass effect increases Means sigma as a function of s Has a stronger dependence If we want to squeeze the beam more and more So there may be an offset also Offset means due to imperfections Actually no machine is perfect We have studied the perfect machines Means perfect dipole, perfect quadruple Beam is also perfect And these are nicely aligned along the design axis In real Actually There may be imperfections in the dipole magnets During manufacturing of fabrication In the quadruple also During placement There may be a misalignment also So these things deteriorates the parameters Which we have evaluated So in that case this luminosity will also be decreased So those all are effects Which decreases the luminosity And one has to control So that the luminosity should not decrease much Otherwise rate of events will be decreased So these are some of the list of colliders In the world Mostly there are circular colliders You can see This list is circular Only one collider SLC is linear accelerator based collider Now we have studied during the synchro-combed radiation chapter That when electron is subjected to some acceleration it regulates So pushing the electrons to very very high energy In circular accelerator is not possible Maximum energy achieved for electrons in circular accelerators 100 g That was in large electron positive collider That was in the same tunnel We are there Presently large electron collider is situated So beyond that As we increase the energies Emission of synchro-combed radiation becomes enormous And the requirement of RF follow becomes impractical So future collider in case of leptons Should be made linear However for heterons For heavy particles circular colliders can be Now in the case of heteron Heterons are composite particles Means proton itself has three quarks This is not a fundamental particle Proton is not the fundamental This is a composite particle And if heteron collision is taking place This becomes very complex Because we are colliding to composite particles So there may be a large number of events And to pinpoint some particular event Is just like to search the needle in the hole So that's why heteron colliders are known as discovery machines But leptons, electron positrons are fundamental particles These particles do not have any internal structure with them These are fundamental So far these are fundamental So their collision is clean collision So by tuning the energy of electron and positron The rate of event of particular collision can be increased So these are precision machines Laptons colliders are the precision machine Heteron colliders are the discovery machine However, leptons colliders cannot be built using the circular accelerator And if we go into built with linear accelerators The lens becomes nonx I will give an example There is a project plan For the international linear collider for electrons And positrons And in that collider The maximum energy which is nearly 1 Tb per beam And the length of that collider is going to be 14 kilometers So linear colliders are big So there is a way to get rid of this Instead of electron positron or proton colliders Make the neon colliders Neons are leptons These are fundamental These particles do not have internal structures So these are fundamental Neons are fundamental However, leons are 200 times heavier than leptons So it radiates less So we have leptons but less radiation So we can make circular accelerators Which can push the neons to very high energies So there is also a plan in the US to build a neon collider Tevatron now has been closed When LXC was started with its operation Hera is the only collider which collides electron and proton And in this course Now I will give you a very short summary That we have seen that different kinds of cyclic accelerators And in cyclic accelerators The basic condition is to maintain the synchronism And how we are achieving the synchronism On the basis of that different accelerators are categorized So cyclic now In this accelerator Revolution time is independent of the particles energy However, this can handle many heavy particles Because for the light particles gamma changes rapidly and synchronism picks up So for leptons we can accelerate in a tiny accelerator microchip Where the synchronism condition is achieved differently Then there are synchrotrons in which orbit is kept constant And the problem of large magnets of cyclotron can be solved Because on that constant orbit we have to put the magnets on it And when we analyze the Synchrotron or motion in the synchrotron we are in the Hill's equation And that Hill's equation can be solved in two different ways Both are leading to same solution One is the matrix method and other one is the parameterization of the optics In that we got three parameters alpha beta gamma Which is an industry's parameters and an important parameter And then we saw that how often momentum particles can be analyzed or their motion can be analyzed The solution of Hill's motion gives a vitatron oscillations And an often momentum particle with that vitatron oscillations there is a dispersion time In longitudinal plane RF cavity works as the focusing element That keeps the particles focused in the longitudinal direction also And therefore synchrotron oscillations are there in the longitudinal plane Then we saw three types of different accelerators Namely synchrotron radiation sources Proton synchrotron for espalation sources and a little bit of colliders In these three accelerators we picked one particular parameter In the lecture and we concentrated our lecture around that particular parameter For the synchrotron radiation sources we picked that parameter that what is the radiation damping and quantum citation and how we can define the beam emittance using that Why we picked that parameter because beam emittance is the most important parameter And whole design of synchrotron radiation sources Or efforts in design go far lowering down these beam emittance There are many more things in the synchrotron radiation sources that cannot be covered in this lecture And also in the case of proton machine We mostly concentrated towards how we can define the beam power And how it is different from the electron machine And we picked only one aspect again here that was the space charge A very simple picture was drawn by taking the uniform beam for the space charge calculation And we saw that beta electron tune has been changed in the presence of the space charge And this space charge can cause the beam growth and beam loss So this one important parameter was picked for this lecture There are many more parameters But anyhow in the limited time we cannot cover all these things And in the case of collider we again picked a single parameter that is luminosity And what was that luminosity we understood So in this case I complete this cyclic accelerator course


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