You're welcome back. It's still the breakfast on PLOS TV Africa and right now we're going to bring you Something from off the press. We sincerely apologize. It's starting a little bit late today But we're going to cover as many headlines as possible. We are glad to have with us architect Ezekiel Nyaitoke, a public affairs analyst that will be talking with us from Aqaibom. Good morning and welcome to the show, Mr. Tanjok Good morning Good morning. Yeah Okay, it's unfortunate. I called you a Tanjok. Why did that enter my head? I don't know Ezekiel Nyaitoke. Okay. Let's begin with the punch newspaper this morning We're not beginning with the boldest headline there. I'm going up the very top Story there. The very the story at the very top, rather Oyetola, Lalong, Bagudu, 16 others make second ministerial list remember that the president sent in a List of ministers or would-be ministers to the National Assembly just before The deadline that he was given now the second least has been sent to the National Assembly and Oyetola, Lalong, Bagudu and 16 others make the second ministerial list So it's a governor's affair or something. I don't know I would like to have your take on what is happening. The list so far that has been sent to the National Assembly how you assess it and if you feel that least has the people that will drive the economy, drive the nation and Everything to where this administration is telling us that they are going to take us Okay, again, thank you for having me and Maybe it's as well that the video is not working this morning because I'm not sure that I would My look would have been pleasant So I think it's almost fine. I actually feel very Uncomfortable. I feel very sad I think of this country and I just keep asking God to help me to keep folk alive Why do I say this? I am somebody who contested the job not of my head and One of the most important things and I take things to everybody at every time is like Politics is a game of interest and the winners must be allowed the latitude to solve all the Politicians, let's have an understanding of how I can take care of your interest make you to enjoy or several your victory, but One thing I will not come so much and I will not accept for any reason in the world is my cabinet You must allow me that free hand There may be 13 or 15 people that I will have as my Commissioner There's so many other things you can have but allow me to choose my commissioner number two, none of my commissioners must be Any political leader in any way you must not get into being the political leader of this place or that place You must be removed completely from Politics and give me what I want because I have the foundational understanding That my government is going to be as strong or as weak as the quality of my cabinet So you can understand how I feel when I see the people based on my understanding of what a cabinet is Look at what is happening. We were told that our President who is a genius when we come to put in together a team, you know to drive a system and We waited for the world of today We couldn't even get them all Now we are having What I don't know whether in the last part or the next part They're all considered Look at the number of people that are there Do the analysis of the people You have all this From a governor. I don't mind if you a former governor Let me let me do an analysis of the state that you govern And you have put a bright path that bring you to national What like something that would say wow this way? I'll give you one example when Babas in the fashion last left Lagos Everybody held me When he came to the center Forget about how we perform thereafter Every Nigerian state this is one government that should be you know to come on the Nigerian project Please of all the problems that are on the I want somebody to come out three of Those that were the shining stars that we were excited to have in the cabinet So at the end of the day my brother With ended up having one of the bigger I think the largest cabinet but now it is for several Now Buhari had for two The Constitution demands to pull it 37 36th and the capital territory But now we've had a chance And we don't even know the rationale behind it whether it is to you know, make food for the boys or Because the after the exigencies we are talking of lean government. We're expanding the government Oh There's a lot of things that my brain Okay, let's take another very small headlines. They are that the corner are they Story is on page 11 of the punch. It's about Niger. We're living in Nigeria. We're going to knee jail Let's just take the headlines together knee chair Nigeria cuts pass apply echo as vows to confront John so far we've heard they the stand of knee chair and The possible countries that will support them should there be a confrontation. We've also heard what echo as Community is saying about what is happening in the chair how they have to confront knee chair and they have to reinstate the democratically elected President of that country. I don't know. How do you see the the actions of echo as you know And the response coming from knee chair and Mali Bokina Faso and some other countries that are sympathetic with the course of knee chair Yeah But I think that Things are we take our eyes off the ball We do a lot of Analyses and then things around events of J there we need the fundamental number one What happened in Niger? What happened in the jail is that a democratically elected government fails to expectation of the people and created an opportunity for an opportunity or the opportunity to strike Now you want for in and help the people But please tell me the reaction of the people in the jail Are they Incense are there on happy are they living are they so angry and taking to the streets And so we don't want these people we want our democracy Oh We know we don't like Unless we realize that then we need the possibility God forbid of DJ happy Nigeria and Two things we must look at concerning the jail because there are so many things I can look at We took a boot on the ground Who are we just going to provide the fit on the ground? We Nigerians that That we don't have enough money to cross up to be Are we the same one going to find it come up? That's number one number two When do we do all these things usually? On the network based on table We know that the And From you from here Who would be the one to Possibly My appeal to me is that You should know that People are suffering in this country Enough of the fun. I Am concerned. I'm bothered. There's a lot of analysis There are things that you have to make for that I could actually Go is like it's like on your field Issues are what happened What does that mean? Are we happy? Are we seeing the dividends of democracy? Are we proud of democracy? Are we seeing the governance that really is running and looking at the essence of government and government? That's things that the situation of the schools have been the primary purpose of government Is that what we're having in Nigeria? Today we must know that Government Okay, well today is They is it the second day or the third day of august September October November three months from now three months and three days Paul Bia Will be in office for he has been in office in fact for since 1982 and Nobody's talking about it. And if he's ousted tomorrow the people will say the The worst democracy is better than the best Military rule and all that they are a little simp not to look at the issues like you have just said and now Whenever the consequences come up they begin to talk about it I do hope that they will look into issues like this and see that these schools will not happen again So that people will get good governance and know the true Benefits of democracy but talking about the benefit of democracy and still staying with the punch newspaper We have this very bold Headlines on the punch and the headline is talking about the minimum wage Banks offices shot amid rallies the labor demands 200,000 wage we hear that the labor had a meeting with the president and Or the presidency and a lot of things were discussed But now we are being stared in the face by the reality on ground labor is demanding 200,000 Naira wage amid all the things that they are also demanding for is this really the solution Raising the money that we are being paid us as civil servants are being paid or Some other things can be done to make the life of Nigerians better It's a when the funder Entirely The result cannot be any better We have a job That does not let us Understand what goes on the main You see if I tell you to A million dollars Satisfaction Without thinking Especially for you to see wow if I have a million dollars Don't solve my problem But if you start back to see You realize that And that they are Whereas you It means that you have Why am I saying this To Education For the question is if they have this money Will they have those And the answer is maybe not why because When they have this increase in money Then inflation will set you What you used to use 6,000 Naira for And hoping that the other one 6,000 Naira You see the balance That housing will improve to 100,000 And then what happens 50,000 has been taken off First phase will move that way Everything will move that way Especially will move that way To the end that The 100,000 200,000 In two years Equivalent to your foreign Amount So what progress have you done No But if we have Of them That know and understand As a special infrastructure They understand Harder and easier They understand They understand health As a good necessity And work to provide Those necessary fees Then you will realize that Instead of the 6,000 Naira That you are paying for education You are now paying just to pay That really means Actually now things are 30,000 points You know, basically that's the The thinking If we have a government That is able to provide the The infrastructure It means that the same It means that the money That they have Have more value for the money that they have Increasing the money And taking the risk of Inflation Making nonsense of the money Exchange rate Moving from 200 To 800 Naira to a dollar Within a span of Lethargy It's not acceptable So we are not going to Increase the value of our money And we don't even have the More expensive movement where It's 30,000 Naira I mean how do you How do you see a plan For not this 10 days And you want him to do it I mean are you thinking Or is there something we don't So my brother You know all this talk Without addressing Maybe because of that You know If the foundation is destroyed What can the rightful do Right now we are not Taking the foundation and the Fundamentals of Governor Don't bring analysis and do All of those throwing money at everything And throwing money at all that Is about being on the Being on the This state of Nigeria But it has a lot to say We don't We have to concern about Please don't give me sacrifice Please don't give me sacrifice That's why one of the Things that are made in this state By entities that say I perish and carry But now when We are talking We are talking about the Consent We are talking about the Consent For two years After two years We are talking about my Let's move away We are talking about my Work so hard After two years You will have been on other Seconds and we will not For you We are passing now And they will announce Look at what is going on Look at We are talking here the Chief man Okay, well, you've already mentioned Kandu. Today, supposedly, the A.P.C. in Nagu will rectify Ganduja as chairman of the A.P.C. What a man to give Nigeria. Yeah, well. What a man to give Nigeria. Well, he didn't, he failed in the ministerial. In the ministerial list, they didn't pass him. The DSS failed him, as it were. And now he's going to be the A.P.C. chairman. So that's very interesting. There's also a headline in the Guardian now. We are talking Guardian. Cabinet size near 70, as Tinobu ignores call for lean government. It is showing that I will do something differently. It may not be the real thing that is on his mind right now. But we're also looking at some other headlines also in the Guardian. I don't know. Maybe you want to comment more on the fact that Ganduja is going to be the chairman of A.P.C. You started talking a little bit about it, but let's just continue with that briefly. What do you think? This is someone who was bring out by the DSS. And then there's still this case that his dollar case is still in the court, even though the courts have said that he should not be probed and all that. I don't know why they keep doing that, that you can walk to the court and say, Court, please stop them from probing me, even though there are evidences against me and all that. And the court accepts to do that. I don't know how the law works, but let me give that for another day. So what do you feel about if that Ganduja finally becomes the chairman of A.P.C.? Let's tell you something. This is my constructive theory. There has been this streaming romance between the president and Mr. Kwong Khosso. Now, that romance seems largely to the extent of second-term policies, where Kano is absolutely important to be in the hands of the current administrator so that between Kano and Legos and Protakot, they will get substantial number of votes. Now, for that to be, it means that when you get a man like Kwong Khosso, then there may be a threat to a man like Shethima. Because if you look at Shethima's control of the North and votes from the North, you discover that it's not as impressive as it would be as the politicians. So the question is, what do we do? Shethima says, let me romance with Kwong Khosso. Shethima says, no, you can do that. And for you to neutralize Kwong Khosso, let's see what we can get from Kano. And probably the biggest thing we can do is to be the chairman from Kano. I don't have anything to say about this. But my question is, why can't we get? I know it's not been stressed of my knowledge, convicted by the 18th Court of Constitutes, which I'm not aware, but I know that in the court of public opinion, the gandana story is something that can be fixed with the wave of the hand. So why do you insist on it? And there's also this question, I don't know how to oppose that. You were supposed to be one of the ministers from the North, but that the businesses fail to face. Is that the case again? What sort of faith do you want to speak Nigerian from your party? I think there's something that's wrong with the FTC. I don't know what they are doing. But I would wish that anyone like Mr. Kinobu, to just forget the concept of faith. They are all the countrymen and work for Nigeria. And the God that is here and coming through, we'll know how to turn things around. At the end of the day, you can do all those things, the best thing is that your breath is not stressed. And the Bible says, whether it's the last of the things, and what type of things, and he's the one who takes off things and brings back things. So I think that we should see a God and work to spread humanity and allow God to make decisions on how to reward us. You just talked about the fact that you should forget about the second term and all that. It gives me an idea that you think that the second term will depend on how much the people love whoever is going to be voted in. Is that what you're saying? Yes. I'm telling you that after what happens this time, I net chairman will not be there because the FTC will be termination. I can say that with every person of the country. But the person that will be there will be someone that will be selected by this government more or less. Because they come, they come, they come. Who's selected? I don't see a man. Why not do good long term? Only that one. If this government, something like this continues like this, in less than one year it will be the most popular government. But I want to believe that some of them that have said anything and that before the same idea will start to see what we are not saying is positive. If that is the case, there's no problem. But if it continues this way, if you like appoint the next chairman, the office of the FTC is becoming very strong. And some of us are starting to energize that office of the FTC. We are starting to take up real serious enlightenment on the office of your right. So that I want all 20% of this government to take on the FTC shop. Something has stuck in Nigeria by the opportunity best. We want to move that ideology from a place to a state ideology. Because as of now, linking the oblivious ideology to the FTC which is not really right, we have to come to see the spirit of us to be in FTC. That spirit to be in FTC. That spirit to be in FTC. And what is the spirit? The spirit of good governance. The spirit of specializing, specializing, the spirit of university law. Let us have the right people. When that spirit has been captured and made a personal mantra, then 2020 is going to be a different world together. Well, I don't know. While you're doing that, even though this is not headline, let's digress a little bit. While you're doing that to give enlightenment to the people, what are you doing to improve the security? Because if you see the office of the citizen as you're calling it was very, very active during the presidential election or the national elections, that is the presidential and national assembly election. But when it came to the state elections, when the governors and the state's House of Assemblies members were elected, the spirit died down a little bit because of some of the things that we saw after the presidential election and so many others. Do you think that spirit can come back just by telling the people they know their rights because it's like telling me that I should never allow a policeman, for instance, who is holding a gun to search me because it's my right not to be searched or my phone to be taken from me. I might exercise my right and lose my life. So Nigerians are afraid of losing their lives just because they want to exercise their rights. So what are you doing to address while you're doing the enlightenment of the people on the kind of rights that belong to them? What are you doing to improve the security situation in such a way that people will be confident enough to stand for their rights and by their rights? Let me tell you something. A lot of times we lose moment. In the Bible it's often things like kind of moment. You know? Don't don't don't don't don't don't don't Nigeria, One of the things that happened was that in.... Yeah. We tried to Why. the same thing with the under Prime Minister It was unsuspecting that any body, where you know who decides to run for president, will as much as think, not even think, will as much as think of winning the God. Think about it. Put your mind back. Nobody would think, in any calculation, that you know what to confess the problem or should. And they would even think. They would think they have maladya to think that they are the same level. The guess was, it would be the neighbor movement. Think the new book is like us. Let us know that times come on cal stations here. Magicians are afraid to die. Magicians are afraid to die. They have trapped themselves with bombs and kill. Oh no, we love life. That won't work out until bombing became so rampant. You know, it's like, we don't know, we love our life. It's kind of exploding. Let me tell you something. It's time come and if that time has come, if that time has come, the Nigerians that think are afraid will stand up. And they will make a bold statement. Even look at yesterday, the labor movement. How many people dismissed the wave of the hand? At the end of the day, I was there in the court in Akwaibon. I had all my, it's unfortunate that the spirit is all working today. Because you are seeing in my full legality, with the cap sent to me by the NLC president himself. I was there in front, as with March, she got me out of Akwaibon city. And I want to commend the governor of Akwaibon. Because he didn't allow what happened in Prima and Akwaibon to happen. Actually, he came out in first thing. He did not send the boy. He came out in first thing. He addressed labor. And he took time to present these things to them. And so he didn't send them. You know, I know me and him, we are in the party, we are in the appeal court. The decision and the appeal court team does not mean that if I see something good, I will not say this is good. If I say something bad, I will say this is bad. I think it was very, very good of him. He came and talked to the people, told them what he was doing, picked up the panel, asked for 10 days, and everybody was very happy, you know. So what am I trying to say? That was a process of very successful. And he is trying to say, that if the president decides to meet them, which was a very wise decision, and I commend the president as well, to call the neighbor leaders and talk to them. And he didn't send them now, you know, to talk to them. Because that's the final box. Once the governor speaks, once the president speaks, those are the final, that is, so we say, make a decision. Make a decision. In a long way, they say, I am political protest. That means the governor, the man I said, does not say it's over, you know. He cannot stop voting. They say, they say, that with the master can exit the site, and you can ask him direct questions. If he has any questions, I will get across to the president. Because the president was there, he just answered from the spot. Everybody was happy.  You know, the thing was just labor. And I want to commend the civil society for that site. Because we were left to be able to learn and work in a good job. And not as an employee, but also for ourselves. Because the civil society was able to look up to the neighbors, they were able to bring up what was policy. And as a result, we were able to attract any kind of concerns of the civil society. For people already to take to our own thing. So far, I think that there are moments where it is possible. Okay, architect, that's the way we have to drop it. We were glad, like you said, that the president called the laborer and they talked. And one of the things that was promised, or the things that were promised, what's called refinery will commence operation in December this year. That's what Ginobu promised the labor leaders in that discussion that they had. And we also know that the marketers are saying that when there is local refining, the cost of PMS will come back to as low as 70 naira. We've started applauding in advance, even though we have not seen it. We hope that it does happen. A lot of things that we've heard that will happen Let's see how this one is going to happen. We'll wait and see. But we'd like to thank you for coming on the show this morning, architect Ezekiel Nyaito. Thank you so much. Thank you for having me. Yeah, okay. That was architect Ezekiel Nyaito, public affairs analyst talking to us from Aquabomb State. We'll take a short break and when we return, we'll take our last segment and wrap up the show. Stay with us.


Hey everyone you're about to watch a video that's going to get thousands of views very cool But your ad needs to be right here. Give me a call Over the weekend the much anticipated Barbie movie made its way into theaters worldwide. It was fantastic I'm watching again honest to God. I would watch it again As soon as the doors of Riverfill 10 impactful open the theater lobby transformed into a sea of pink and well thought out Barbie inspired outfits. Obviously, most people don't dress up for a movie anyway, and then especially in this area I didn't expect there to be that many people dressed in like pink I'm like artsy Barbie and she's like punk rock Barbie The film's debut has shattered records making it the biggest opening ever for a movie directed by a woman with a staggering 155 million in its opening weekend It's been sold out almost every single night attracting fans from all generations Mattel the company behind Barbie left no stone unturned when it came to promoting the movie Collaborating with over 100 companies and even local stores in downtown Parkville joined in offering specialty drinks and snacks inspired by Barbie It's been like an absolute range of ages and I remember I saw an interview with the actress That was like she said that it was for everybody and I genuinely think that she meant it I've not seen it yet But I've seen a lot of people say it's really good and that it's really good for like every age range It was amazing. It was really good. I'm very funny. I didn't know it would be that funny It was really good really funny and it was better than thought it was gonna be like Barbie's my little it was cool I don't know. I liked it So as the Barbie movie continues to take the world by storm Mattel is already making grand plans to bring some of their other Beloved toy characters to life on the big screen reporting from Mountain Top news. I'm Ethan Miller


This is not a time for pessimism. Capitalism, as we know it, is dead. You say children shouldn't worry. Well, I'm here to tell you that my generation will not give up. Just because we're all teenagers doesn't mean that we don't have the maturity, the knowledge, or the drive to take action and impart positive change in the world. A lot of young people think that they have no power and they can't control what's going on in politics. We do have power. I started trying to share my life and my story and my experiences as a disabled woman because I didn't see myself ever represented. The young people have massively created this movement where we're on the rise, we're unstoppable, we're unignorable. Nowadays the narrative is that what we can do in five years but from activists we don't focus on that. We focus on what we can do today. The older generation has a lot of experience but we have ideas, we have energy and we have solutions for the now problems and the ones that are coming up. Climate change is linked to other socioeconomic problems like poverty, inequality, xenophobia, gender-based violence. And there's a little bit of a trade-off between a company actually being sustainable and trying to make their consumers feel like they're being sustainable. I can't be angry at society's ignorance if I'm not willing to do something to educate society.  There's zero sessions about the social movements are happening in a lot of the world. We can't continue to be self-centered in Europe and in the US. We can't live in a divided world. We're all living on the same planet. If we mess it up, that's the end game. We have so many young people with potential in Africa and yet there's not enough being done to ensure that they explore that potential and actually utilize that potential. I come from countries where we have a lot of dictatorships and if I want to convey my real message, I'd probably be killed or imprisoned. This is a really good start. It's a sign of hope and we know that there's more that we can look forward to. If we can use the opportunities and potentials that exist here to grow our world then there is a relation between world economic reform leaving going to impact on the world. Young people, the unique aspect that we have is that we don't look at it as a burden but more as an opportunity. We come in saying we've done it, so why can't you? So it's really giving me hope that people are starting to listen to us and starting to understand that the future is ours and we're starting to take charge of it right now. The reason why we're here is because we're tired of empty promises. We're tired of too much talk, right? We're tired of too much coming to Davos and then going back and not doing anything, right? I've been here for four days and no one has been listening. A lot of people are curious to hear what we have to say but it's what they do with what we say that really counts. It's not my fault that the truth makes you uncomfortable. Your uncomfort is not my issue. Take the streets, protest, because if we're going down, we're going to take them down with us. We're at the breaking point. It's either we act now or we can't act anymore. Never give up in your fight. Know that what you're doing, you're doing it for a reason and the end goal will be sweet. Ask yourself this one question. How will you be part of the change that we're trying to see? To the world leaders and those in power, you haven't seen anything yet. Thank you.


Now we deal with the concluding part of our escapade with metaethics facing the question as we see on the slide why be moral now the very question that why should one be moral is a deep question and is in fact perhaps the root of all metaethical questions now let us explore in fact today's lecture is more of a thought exercise for you this is a question of reflection and deeper analysis as to why should one be moral now assuming that most of us would seriously answer that we would like to be moral or what ought to be moral what is the justification of morality why should one be moral that is the fundamental question of metaethics that is sought to be answered when we try to clarify the metaethical foundations of any ethical theory well applied ethics talked about particular questions it talks about questions like should I let my aging parents live with me and share my resources with them moral theory which is a layer beneath applied ethics talks about well is utilitarianism a better theory or over deontological theories that well if the happiness of the greater number is being promoted by a certain decision that should be taken now beneath these two layers is the metaethical claim that well what is it to be model and we were explored various answers that explaining morality and then the final question that we are left with is that even if there is something called morality or if there is something called morality why should one be moral now let us look closely at the question if I say why be moral it can roughly be translated into two questions it is why should I be moral and the second question is why should people be moral now this is seeking my justification to myself for being moral or for trying to be moral this on the other hand is well seek justification for the institution of morality so basically these the same question can be divided into two parts why should people be moral and why should I be moral as an individual I might have reasons to be moral but why should morality be practiced what go why should one or the the institution of morality be promoted now let us think that well what are the justifications what are the justifications for my being moral or what are the justifications for being for promoting this institution of morality let us let us serial number these two questions so that it gives us let us this call let us call this as question a and let us call this as question b now the answer to a and b need not be the same if my reasons for being moral or I may have no reasons or justifications for being moral but I may expect that the institution of morality continue for me to profit from it so the deeper perhaps more foundational question is why should people be moral or why should the institution of morality be propagated so those of mischievous of us who would perhaps answer this question a in the negative that well I should not be moral but as long as there are others who are moral or there are the institution of morality is propagated then there is an advantage in me not to be moral so a lot of questions being opened up let us tackle these questions seriously and these are answers proposed to these questions and you are invited to grapple with these questions on your own and as an assignment to answer this question why be moral because it is this is a question that has even been answered by Plato that has been answered by generations to come and that has been answered by generations that have come and will perhaps be tackled by generations that come so one has to reflect and delve into one's own theoretical foundations or psyche to understand or to explain a given answer to this question because this question answered by you would reveal your theoretical framework or foundation to yourself now let us say for a moment if we do not take we club this question together and we say well why should I be moral now let us think some of the reasons well first being moral is profitable now many of us would perhaps agree or disagree that well being moral may not be as profitable as we would like to think it is so being moral does not always lead to profit being moral so in fact this could not be a second answer to the question rather it would be a first answer continue that well being moral is to confirm to the expectations from us so as long as we are moral when the society the collective the family has certain expectations from us and if to confirm to those expectations there is a kind of a pressure and these expectations are moral expectations and the pressure from us is to confirm to it so we confirm to it to be a conformist as they say being moral because my parents religion tradition or any such entity says so and that I would be rewarded I would be eventually rewarded for the same now being moral because my parents my religion my tradition says so and that I would be eventually rewarded for the same now this is and or punished for not doing so now notice here now all these three questions are all these three answers suggested are the variant of one of perhaps the same ethos of the answer which is that being being moral is being profitable is being smart is being wise because well to the conformist well it is confirming to tradition it is confirming to the expectations that the collective has that the family has so by confirming my life becomes easier so therefore I should be moral the second option could be well as we said that well being moral is confirming to one's religion and is following the dictates of one's religion or one's tradition or one's parents with the impression that well following or being moral or following moral dictates is would get you rewards eventually may not immediately may be eventually in this life or proposed after life and not doing so would get you punishment so this is another customary level of morality where we talk about the justification of morality coming from the rewards it brings along or the fear of the punishment that it brings along now apart from this can there be any other justification morality before proceeding further I would urge the viewers to reflect sharply on their own to find out to explore whether there can be any other justification of morality you are welcome to explore or deeply dwell into any other justification of morality and if you would like please do email me your the answers that you propose well there can be another justification of morality because essentially now what if you will take a look at these fries these justifications essentially are non-moral justifications now if I say that well if I look for well I am raw as let us answer in the same strain that being moral is simply the right thing to do there can be or more accurately to ask for a reason for being moral is to ask for a non-moral justification that is reducing the moral domain or more accurately explaining the moral domain in terms of the non-moral domain. So, this is the what I would propose as the second answer to the question that well if I the very fact then we when we ask the question why be moral is perhaps looking for a non-moral justification for the same the question itself is in it a prejudice or a bias towards a naturalistic understanding that well one ought to be moral because simply it is the right thing to do it is like this that when we engage in an debate we are engaging with a assumption that a rational resolution to the debate is possible if I do not believe in the tenets of rationality or a resolution possibility of a resolution then my engaging in a debate is meaningless let us just quickly take a write it down to suppose I engage in a debate this assumes a resolution is possible and means of reasoning or argument or logic or rationality is agreed upon by the debating teams in these assumptions one engages in a debate having these assumptions would mean that well we can hope or we can a resolution is possible right conclusion may emerge and the entire plethora is a rational exercise. Now if I get into a debate either questioning that well a resolution is not possible that logic or rationality the means of rationality and logic and argument the standard axioms and principles of logic are also variable then there is no point in engaging my debate. So if I question the assumptions then the exercise becomes futile. So likewise when I look for when I ask the question why be moral am I undermining morality well the answer is well just the way just as rationality is binding by itself. So is morality justifying itself. So the second answer that we offered that well if we need not seek further justification for the right thing to do because as the adage goes that well a man's got to do what a man's got to do that is the kind of a justification also offered for morality that well what has to be done has to be done that doing the right thing can have no other reason except that it is the right thing to do. Now let us look at it this way if we are in a dilemma and from whatever meta ethical foundation we have and whatever moral theory we practice we arrive at something what we consider right. Now the justification for doing that right thing according to the second kind of answer that we just talked about is that well it has to be done because it has to be done. Now in a way this is a non consequentialist answer in fact this is in a way a resolution where doing the right thing is more important than anything else. Now look at it this way we can now let us think of an example where this would perhaps find lot of utility. Now let us say that if we have to unjustly trample over the rights of an individual to get the job done if it is wrong it is wrong and it should not be done no matter what now this kind of a justification let us put a further concrete example this. Let us say there is an examination conducted with a lot of an entrance examination and one student was given a misprinted faulty question paper which to the best of his ability he checked and the question or the digits were somehow printed wrong an error that he could not have spotted by himself unless he had access to another question paper. So clearly this student has been wronged that the examination has been unfair to him but now if the resolution is to conduct the whole examination once more or to give him a separate examination or to bring this let this matter out in the notice of the public gaze harms the examination. So if this matter is suppressed the efficiency of the examination remains nobody is disadvantaged and lost see there can be many variants of this example say the answer script of a student is lost and it is simply not accounted and he or she is regarded as not qualified. Now this is an example where the right thing clearly is to accept the error on the part of the examination authority and make a resolution of it possible whatever is possible may be conduct the whole examination again may be hold a separate examination for the wronged person or whatever the laws be. So here the justification for the right thing to do is not that it would bring about the greatest happiness of the greatest number because clearly in this case it would not bring about the greatest happiness of the greatest number. So the justification for doing the right thing here is because it is the right thing to do because it is a fair thing to do and here fairness and rightness cannot be understood in terms of any other psychological or natural property. These are fundamental qualities or properties without any further reduction or explanation possible in terms of other natural properties. Now let us go to the original question that we talked about that well the question be that why should people be moral or the justification of the institution of morality. Why not as many philosophers have regarded as the fundamental question of ethics that why not I appear to be moral to the collective or the rest of us and covertly thereof as per my desires. So what essentially it is why not just appear moral is not there a deeper justification for the same. Now a very common thing that we can associate with the stories we read the news that we come across the movies we watch that well in a standard plot of a movie the bad guy wants to appear moral because appearing moral gives you a lot of advantages. Let us say when he is framed as a politician or the business man or the powerful tycoon they want to be seen as moral by the people at large they invest huge amounts or huge resources in what they would call as public relations thereof to make their enterprise or themselves known as morally sound persons. But this is an appearance and they would perhaps work towards their own towards the fulfillment of their own desires this is a very simple plot which is perhaps in everywhere. But this is a very foundational ethical question that why should one be moral and why should one not appear to be moral whereas gaining from the morality of others the notion of free riders that well in a community of truth speakers if I am a liar I can get a lot of advantage.  So somewhere the moral platform has to exist for the free rider to benefit because if the moral platform does not exist and there is no free rider possible. So this kind of a justification of morality that well there has to be the common adage that majority of the people are law governed and rule governed then it is that minority of rule breakers or law breakers that get an advantage. But if all collapses then well the rule breakers or the former rule breakers are as disadvantaged as anybody else. So the fundamental question that rises is that well why should one really be moral instead of appearing to be moral. So that means an internal intrinsic justification of morality that does not tackle or any any normal moral component let us let us take a little flash back and let us think of let me many of you must have heard of this time when we have of these earlier philosophers called Russo and Hobbes. Now before I talk about these philosophers let us put a fundamental question a question that has think for oneself. Let us say for a day law enforcement policemen are taken off the streets what would people at large do let us say at the time of natural calamities at the time of riots at the time of civil disobedience at the time of internal strife when law enforcement ceases to exist what would people do. Now the answer to this question will largely determine what is our intuition or what is our opinion of the fundamental human nature. Now if I see that well if I propose if I assume that well the fundamental human nature is good that when law enforcement is pulled off the streets we find that well initially there may be a lot of chaos but eventually people will start perhaps helping each other and the majority of people would be moral as to say. Now this brings us to these two philosophers Russo and Hobbes that we talked about. Now Russo said that well Hobbes was of the opinion let me briefly put Hobbes was the opinion that well life in state of nature state of nature meaning without society was nasty poor brutish and shot right. So state of nature here it is nasty but Russo on the other hand well proposes theory that we called and enter into contract well we need not go about the details of these two philosophers but what we need to say is that well Russo says that well society as an institution comes as a pact between the individuals to form a society where there would be regulations voluntarily imposed and accepted and followed regulations enforced regulations for the betterment of all. So in the time of natural calamity or riot now if a group of people living together come into an contract that well each one of us would not harm the other and we would protect each other from any other external aggression if because the law law enforcement at that time does not would not be able to do so and this is the formation of the society that well there is nothing intrinsically perhaps right or wrong and but for each one of us to pursue our desires we need a minimum platform of security and that security would be provided by the social contract as Russo has talked about. It is popularly any of you interested to know more can search this term social contract to get further details of Russo's theory. So now let us so Russo is another way another the Russo society is another justification of morality where he says that well what one does or the formation of morality or society is to restrain each one of us equally so that all of us can have moderately fulfill most of our wishes instead of relieving it as a total free reign. So this is another example of morality as a social construct as analogically speaking that well when we all come to play a game we follow by common rules so that all of us can enjoy the game because winning does not mean that we are allowed to break the rules because that would take the fun out of the game and that would perhaps make it brutal and equally insecure for all so to bring a level of security. Now this would perhaps be the prevalent many of us would follow this as the foundation of metaethics that the reason for being moral is to get one's own security to act further. So with this I leave the question to you that well why should be one be moral or why should morality be propagated this is a justification that has been sought why has this morality have to be followed because it is enforced or is it binding onto us just as the way rationality is the way we say that well if there are three oranges with me I can always take two oranges out from them I cannot take four oranges out from them now just as this taking four oranges out of three oranges is absurd to us does morality have the same kind of binding that well knowing the right thing and doing the right thing is compelling on to us similarly. So there have been all moral theories proposed and systems built have been answered to this fundamental question that well why should one be moral and why should the institution of morality be promulgated or propagated now this is a question I leave you with to reflect and think for yourself that what is your justification of morality that you come up with.


Commercial property, HETI, covers quite a lot of segments. So it covers offices, as you've so rightfully indicated. It covers industrial properties. That's your warehousing, your logistics hubs. It also covers a lot of new kind of assets that we are seeing now, data hubs and telcos infrastructure. And then to hold a special general meeting, perhaps mid-year point is a bit of a catch-up in between the annual general meeting or perhaps they want to hold a budget meeting where the budget is informally tabled for member comment. Alternatively, there might be some more other type of project that is needed to be raised or attended to, for example, conduct rules or management rules in a body corporate that need to be amended. Or even if a meeting is needed to be called by the members, that's a big... Type of relationship and the marriage that you have is actually going to determine the consequences of divorce. Or yes, you know. So basically that's in short. And I think you don't want your information to come back. And Gettina, I was actually about to... The first thing is define your common goal. Why do you want to come together and prove your financial resources together? And if you want to invest in various assets, do you want to invest in one asset because that also can be a conflict? Or do you want to just save money and raise the capital and invest maybe in businesses? So you need... With DIY, like any skill, you just have to start, but also practice makes perfect. And the more that you do it, the more confidence that you gain.  And I think the most... The one thing that I love the most with DIY is looking at something in my space. I'm like, I actually thought of that and I made that. And now it's there existing in my space.


All right, so you look really good big and strong. How long have you been training for a man? Well, I've been training actually for a long time, but I had a Few years break and now I've been training since the beginning of this year. So Nine months ten months. Awesome. Awesome. So the question we're asking people today is do you think you have to eat animals to be Healthy and put on muscle mass vegan tattoo. Yeah Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, awesome So you don't think you can get new all your nutrients from plants. No, okay Do you know which specific nutrient you would need from animals? What I've heard most is B12, okay Yeah, where you're B12 from B12 found in the well B12 is a bacteria found in the dirt and water Yeah, so easily supplemented Supplement yeah But I mean going back in size when you'd have supplements then read the guys get it from if they were vegan Yeah in back in time. Well, though the vegetables root vegetables pick from the ground would have dirt on them Cool, and they wouldn't be sanitised so the B12 and bacteria would be on the vegetables But because you know everything's sanitised now B12. Yeah, you know, it's been added to the animal feed and injected into the animals as well So If we took care of B12 What other nutrients do you feel like would have issues with? What about essential amino acids protein? Mm-hmm. Ah So you don't you can't get protein from plants, you know, I think I know you do I mean protein ease a combination of amino acids are the correct combination of amino acids. Yeah, okay, so Do you think there are vegan bodybuilders that have no, I know there are there are I know well, what about John over here? I guess I mean if you're asking questions like this, then he must be vegan He's onto us. How long you guys been being it for John He's been vegan for three years. Yeah, and what about I mean, how long you've been training? Yeah, so I've been training for about five years now Yeah, so two of those years were with meat and animal products and then three of them were as a vegan Objectively, how do you compare the weight gain?  That's a yeah for a natural. It's a pretty good progress, you know Yeah, and what's the you got supplement, right? I? Do take a B12.  Yeah, but yeah like Like anyone else like I used to do it before as a meteor as well So like yeah, like four times a week. I'll have a shake or something. Okay.  Yeah, it's it's sort of taking their life unnecessary. I know I know but back home what I do is and Honestly, yeah, what I do is I buy Grass-fed like beef and I know for a fact I mean they the way they were raised and slaughtered and everything so it's very very ethically correct Okay, so that's what I do. I mean, I know a lot of people don't do that But I do oh wow so all your your animals that you eat have been looked after and treated correctly Yeah, I pay a little bit more, but that's what I do. Okay. Yeah So do you have out when when they end up at the slaughterhouse? Do you think that is ethical? I mean It's very fast. I mean, it's very quick the way they do it with the airgun and Yeah, I mean ethically. I mean I Don't like animals being tortured, but if they're not being tortured then yeah, yeah, okay so you a bolt gun in the head and then a knife across the throat to drain their blood and stuff like that is Do you think that that is necessary if we can look like John and still get our nutrients and train and I mean Everybody can't look like John. Well, let's just say we can look somewhere near. We don't lose our game potentially He's obviously genetics come into other things, but if we've got evidence of more Looking similar to John. Do you think it's unnecessary? What about let's let's talk about how plants are raised? I mean if everyone was vegan even now Yeah, I mean the the area of the land where the plants are raised are grown Yeah, it's gotten a lot more dense, you know a lot more Plants on the same area of land. Yeah, so they use a lot of pesticides.  Not always not always, but what about the land that's being poisoned because of the pesticides? Yeah, that's that's that's an issue to a plant agriculture isn't perfect But if we were to think of how many of those Crops are being fed to animals versus humans it's to the magnitude Well, that's the idea animals are supposed to eat like cows are supposed to eat grass That yeah, I eat the animals or some of the animals that eat grass. Yeah, they're at like a race So everything's yeah done as properly as possible. Yeah, so from an environmental perspective grass raised beef is less sustainable than factory raised beef But from an ethical it's less sustainable.  Yeah, and and then the fertilizer. I mean Biodynamic farming you basically and then they move on to the next spot and then the they grow the plants And that's the way supposed to be yeah, so that's what I strive towards or yeah buying those products that are grown that way That's that's yeah, that might be considered better than obviously torturing an animal their whole life in a factory farm And also I mean growing a crop or a plant on the same land like year year around like every year Then there's really no nutrients in the land anymore. They only grow because of the fertilizers and Artificial stuff basically, so you're not really getting getting nutrients from it from the plants I mean if there's nothing in the ground the way the nutrients get into the plant is through the ground Then you're supposed to do a rotation the the ground is supposed to recover From growing the plants so how do the the animals get the nutrients in their body? That's what I'm saying the plant. That's what I'm saying I buy the animal products that are raised yeah Grass fed basically awesome or pasture raised or whatever they do the rotation so from Do you think there's a better way than killing these animals on the on the do you think we can sustain the whole plan I'm gonna ask you guys a better way to killing animals, and I don't think it's ethical. I mean torturing animals that's what I'm saying, but if Basically, that's what we've been doing for thousands of years. Yeah. Yeah, I mean tens of thousands of years hundreds of thousands of years Yeah, we have yeah, do you think we should continue doing it because we've done it forever Or do you think maybe we can move forward? I think we should do it correctly Through the rotation and that the ethical correctly and everything then it's it's sustainable So you would say I mean and at the end of the day if you look at the peak picture There's just too many of us anyway Yeah, like we got do you think we can sustain the whole population on these grass fed cattle on the out the back But we got seven million people. I know I would need to look at some statistics, but I mean There's a lot of people Plants we can feed a lot more people and get a huge catastrophe or something You know it's I mean if you look at history then there's always been a cataclysmic event or something Yeah, and we've the human population has reduced and we've grown again, but I know it's so big again that it's it's it's Moving towards the direction that it's not not sustainable anymore and they're there's probably something coming who knows you know Well, what about if we all ate plants instead of these animals, which are obviously that's not sustainable either I mean really yeah, because you're talking about basically plant factory farming That's what I spoke about the fertilizers and pesticides and everything and if you grew the plants Basically organically yeah, then the plants wouldn't grow on the same area of land all year round every year But we'd need less land to grow plants because we go because even if you look at wheat then wheat was a lot different if you Let's take Ezekiel wheat. You know it Ezekiel. Yeah, okay, so basically the crop was a lot shorter and basically you need a lot more land So back in the days let's say thousands of years ago You had a lot less plants growing on the same area of land But there was the thing was that there was a lot fewer us also. Yeah. Yeah, well, so We obviously Cutting down the rainforest to grow soybeans here to feed to these animals So I don't approve of growing soybeans. Yeah, we're feeding the soybeans to cows and And they're clearing land for grass-fed beef What they do in factory farming and they're also I don't agree with that Yeah, and they're clearing the land to for crop for grass-fed fed cattle as well in the Amazon and stuff like that That's probably the main that is the main cause of Amazon deforestation have the grass fields. Yeah Over there. I mean brazil well because Argentina and they're clearing the clearing forest for that. Yeah, I Don't know when okay guys you can go look for yourself what the leading cause of Amazon deforestation is it's cattle ranching So check it out. Well, did you know if you thought yeah? Yeah, if you know I grew up in Brazil Yeah, the 95% of the Amazon destruction. Unfortunately is to yeah grass Why haven't they gone to factory farming and just feeding them crops? Why are they better better? But why have they taken down for us to basically? Because they need more lands. Why would they I guess for grass-fed beef? Yeah, I don't know Because if you find I don't think the demand is that big because people really I mean if they look at the piece of meat They don't know whether it's grass-fed or grain-fed So I don't think the demand for grass-fed beef is that big currently nearly half of all United States land is already Dedicated to animal agriculture if we're to switch over to grass-fed beef It will require clearing every square inch of the United States up into Canada all of Central America and well in South America And this is just to feed the United States demand on meat I think there's plenty of grassy Knowles grassy fields to grow the glass grass that be let's just say you found out like from and like let's say you Found out that it grass-fed was just was clearing for us It wasn't sustainable is heard in the environment and it was killing these individual animals. Would that change your position? You're Speaking hypothetically. Yeah. Yeah question question. Let's say for example. I could ask you the same question Let's say you found out that the all the plants were being factory farmed and pesticides and fertilizers and everything Would you switch to animal products? I would switch to the mode the one that causes causes the least harm exactly eggs and dairy and stuff, right? I mean well there well they're exploiting and slaving and killing individuals and they're eating plants vegan propaganda that they're Slaving and they're keeping them in chains. I mean again. I don't approve of factory farming That's where yeah over 90% of our Meat and stuff comes from so that's probably the main issue. Yeah. Yeah, so basic I'll answer your question. I agree that the problem is factory farming It's the most it's most of the problem, but grass-fed wouldn't solve that problem No, no, you know this plant base would solve that problem, but so I would choose the one that caused the least harm What would you do? You know the numbers. I mean you say it's not sustainable I mean if we went grass-fed and everything but that figure doesn't even take into Consideration that much of that land isn't suited to graze livestock We would have to convert all mountain ranges to grassland clear ancient forests and national parks to grazing and Demolish every city just to make room to graze cows Well, we could both research that I can give you a Source that give you some verifiable again what we agreed on. There's too many of us There's how many seven eight billion seven billion seven all eating grass-fed beef No, they need they need lots of land that their cows are obviously causing and greenhouse gases And if you produce or grow the plants the way they're supposed to be grown How much land would it take? Well, let's just say we found a way of doing agri-plant agriculture in a more sustainable Less harmful way. Let's say we found a way to do grass-fed We're still harming the animal when we bulk on them in sluice. That's what we agree That's what we agree on is that we neither of us likes animals being tortured. So I don't like them being harmed at all So I don't like them being harmed either. That's that's why it's we're the same then. Yeah, the same of course Yeah, but that's if you obviously don't know the way a humane slaughterhouse works Basically, there's a spiral. So the So let's say the cow the cow doesn't see other cows suffer or die or anything So and it's very quick. So basically they don't see or feel anything. It's very instantaneous Do you think that that's humane if they don't see it or feel it put yourself in their position or a dog in their position? No again, yeah, like I'm trying to like get you to black switch over and say would that be humane for me? Because I wouldn't want that done to me personally. I think that that would be really scary. Well, let's say Let's go to a movie. Let's say plan of the apes, right? So apes are Ruling the the planet right that we live on. Let's say you're and If they had been eating us from the beginning of times Then they would be doing that for us to us. Basically, we have been eating animals from the beginning of time So yeah, but you're comparing your comparing apples to oranges Does that make it right if we've been doing it since the beginning of time? Like if the apes had been enslaving us and eating us in the beginning of time, let's take death row inmates Do you do have a preference whether they're being injected poisons or they get the airgun? Death row inmates and how does that relate to killing innocent animals? But you're comparing killing animals that we've eaten all along to killing I was saying if you think There's a humane way to kill an animal Do you think there's a humane way to take a dog's life or your own life if you don't if you want to live if you have An interest in living that's what I was trying to say with that Like I was just trying to say if it's humane for the cow the individual cow Would it be humane for someone like you he has an interest in living? Let's let's take the area of land where the plants are grown You think it's humane if you and him and your families and whole city was living on a I don't know 100 meters per 100 meters like land you are all together. It's not humane either. So basically Who gets hurt from that again? What individual gets sorted from that?    Yeah. Yeah, because I'm giving you examples Kind of similar, but you're talking apples and oranges. Yeah, I'm trying to understand your analogies No, but yeah, but you're just attacking the people that are eating animals Even if they're doing it the best way possible. I think it's better for sure Yeah, and it might be better and we've always been doing this but but then again you're coming back to killing someone Let's say if plants, you know, they have research that plants actually with the wind and everything they communicate teacher Yeah, they react to stimuli in the environment. Yeah, and they actually They start producing more poison and everything Insects yeah insects eat them they produce more poisons. So basically they don't have a soul per se, but they don't have Sentient consciousness. Yeah. Yeah, so they don't they can't experience suffering They don't have a subjective experience. Yeah, so they're different to a cow All in all maybe we should be eating rubber or something because now we go for the one that causes the least amount of harm And if plants can't feel pain or they can't experience fear or suffering we'd go for them I get your point. I mean again, I don't like animals being tortured enslaved suffering I don't like any of that. No one does and there's a bunch of people that might but yeah Yeah, yeah, they're not all there, but you I can tell that you care I do enough and you've looked into this a bit to choose free range You're having a conscious decision which I admire but then again, I mean, let's come back to the plants if you If you were really ethical about everything you ate and everything the way you are about protecting animals and not seeing animals suffer Then not just suffer by the way. Okay. Yeah, I can't harm everything. Yeah.  I mean because You're eating pesticides like the pesticides doesn't harm really do you know the harm as many animals as They actually do I mean because you're saying that the animals factory farmed animals, which is 90% you say, right? They get a pesticide-laden plants. Exactly the soy and stuff the basic. That's what you say, right? So yeah, if the animals are being harmed also if they poison basically or are they not Animals are being harmed if they are they not the animals are being harmed if they eat the poison They they yeah, yeah, I don't need those animals cancers and I don't eat those animals I'd be eating the plants. I'd be eating the plants. Yeah, exactly. Yeah club life aside basically I'm eating that. Yeah, so life side. Yeah, but that's my choice and that's my choice But there's no indivisible. There's no victim in my choice There is less a lot less so like there's animals that's iron plant Ties between cancer and all the other diseases and glyphosite and yeah the poison so there's victims Individual human beings that are victims of eating pesticide.  They develop diseases I mean five years ten years 20 years, maybe yeah, yeah, but There's no sort of direct we're not killing an animal at the same time We're not killing an animal at the same time If you don't have an argument then you got we're going we're killing animals, you know as well as eating pesticide plant So if you see the big picture if you look at big picture then what we agree on is factory farming is bad Whether you do it to plants or animals, right? No, no, I don't think it's I don't think plants have moral value Like an animal does I think that's okay to use the poisons and glyphosite and everything I think there's a better way Hmm, but I think we should deal with the main issue Which is these individual animals that are going to slaughter houses for no reason when we can now you're coming back The same argument basically when you have a well, it's the main it's the main issue No, it's not I mean if you do it in a humane way and the animals and suffer and it's I mean all its life It's it gets to eat grass and be free on the grass They don't live all their life, you know that they only live two years of their life They should live to their 20. Yeah, I mean if they're so we cut it off really short if they're wrong ethically Then they live longer usually it's 10 years and more ten. Yeah, I've never seen a farm No, no, okay I have back home because the the place place I get my meat from I know everything about them basically the slaughterhouse thing the The way the reason they're ten years old They're close to ten now so they're half their life span basically what they do is you mean the animals are ten The animals are ten years old when they get slaughtered at least wow, so that's half their life span Do you know I had a friend? I mean I have a friend. Yeah, and he used to He used to work in Australia because that's what a lot of young people do right and he told me he worked at this farm and The family had a huge cattle ranch.  So that would be the probably the only the most ethical way McDonald's to If an animal dies of old age you can go and eat their body if you want that animal hasn't been The life has been taken by you. Do you know so basically it's but that's that's your choice It's your choice. What do you think about the hunting and killing your own food? Well, I think it's I think if you don't have to do it to survive or to be healthy or to look like John Then I think it's unnecessary like John is unnecessary. Also. I mean even looking like me.  If you need a food then if I was gonna start today, but we're not in that situation me and you right now Well, the problem is We're so advanced. That's why we're not in that situation If we weren't as advanced we'll probably be all eating banana bananas here. That's so true We're advanced and if we both of us all three of us we'll be living where I'm from Northern Europe basically. Yeah, it's it's October middle of October almost We wouldn't be able to eat any plants. Oh We can import plant say yeah. No if we weren't as advanced basically We are we are we have to talk in this in this hunter-gatherers then we would all three of us be would be eating meat right now That's a hypothetical. We're not we're in this society right now. Is it justified in this society? But then when I hypothetically the same way talked about Bali and bananas then you agreed But when I talked about northern Europe and animals, then you don't agree because you're saying that we're hunter and gatherers Like back then but that's justified back then It's not justified now if we weren't as advanced and we were in Bali and then we'll be eating bananas and everything's okay, right? Cuz but if we weren't as if we had no choice. Yeah, I wouldn't be I wouldn't be even having this discussion with you We don't have a choice, but we have a choice Yeah, but we do we have a choice. Yeah like in this society now. Yeah But if you think it's I mean the importation of all the foods and everything that's normal and But it's like we have a choice to either kill animals or not And that's the thing we have a choice to grow our food ethically Also, I mean not to even grow our food, but the food that we buy. Yeah, we do we have a choice I mean we could make that next step. We could make it with our dollars That's I mean the more the more we buy that the good food the the more they produce of it supply and demand exactly Exactly, then why are we all voted? Why are you eating glyphosate and pesticides? So if we all voted for free range Me all of us seven billion of us that's how many animals go into slaughterhouses Unnecessarily when we have plants to eat same arguments again same I mean you're probably gonna mention slaughterhouses and killing animals 10 more times if we continue this conversation, but I'm making valid points. So basically the point is Things are screwed up now, right?  Yeah, or like spraying poison over Bro, we're gonna have to end that there, but thanks so much for your debate All right guys leave your comments down below. Who do you think won this debate the bodybuilder or the vegan?


Alright. Hello everybody, thanks so much for coming. I'm Kevin Kress and my talk is called Beyond ArcViz, using Blender for small scale design build projects. So who am I? I'm an aspiring architect, I'm just finishing up my master's degree at the University of Waterloo and a designer who uses Blender as his sort of predominant design tool whenever I can. So I started using sort of 3D animation software when I was pretty young. It's me up in the corner and my brother helping me out there, I learned to use a computer. But it was a bit later when I started using a software called Animator as sort of the first 3D software I'd ever used. And it was free but not open source. And then a cousin of mine mentioned at a family gathering about this software called Blender. And I was very excited to hear about it and I raced home and I downloaded Blender 2.49 and I was met with this and I was very quickly a bit overwhelmed. And it wasn't until the 2.5 release and the Cintel open movie that I saw this and I thought, wow, the visuals that this software creates are just incredible. I should dive back into it, give it another shot and see what happens. I followed a bunch of tutorials online and eventually got to the point where I could start to create some visualization and some renders like this. And I used these in my portfolio to get into architecture school and sort of throughout my student work I've been using Blender to create sort of visualizations and renders like this and like this and like this. But what I want to talk about today, you know, there's going to be some other great talks going on throughout the conference about using Blender as an architectural visualization tool. But I want to talk about today is using Blender as a conceptual design tool and as a tool for construction and fabrication of small design-built projects. So this is a quote from Alexander Sigles and Theodora Stunas on a paper they wrote for the ECAD-E conference on education in architecture and computer-aided design. And they noted through their experience using Blender in architectural studio projects that modeling and other workflows in Blender don't try to hide the way that the computer handles 3D computer graphics and that the designers exposed the mechanics of the computer graphics and that the sort of modular approach of these modeling tools helps students develop a design thinking and use Blender as a decision-making tool in their design and not just as a visualization tool. And that's something I've found in my own experience as well as I hope I'll show through some of the projects. So I want to talk about when I got into architecture school I was up at the Laurentian School of Architecture which is now the McEwen School of Architecture in Sudbury, Ontario. And a big part of their sort of programs philosophy is doing design build. So one of our first projects in our first year was this ice hut. It was a group of six of us that worked on this project. And the idea was that it would sit and be kind of this bright sort of beacon and almost a lantern on the winter landscape. So we used Blender for a lot of the early concepts. It was really helpful and for us to be able to get a sense of the visuals of the light and the texture and the material, especially at sort of the nighttime images which we wanted to convey. So we went through a couple of design iterations using Blender to simulate how the different materials would play with light and shadow on the landscape. We were using acrylic for the windows, plywood for the main sort of sheathing of the body, and a material called Coroplast which is sort of a translucent plastic for those sort of translucent red highlights there. And this was sort of the final design that we settled on. Simple enough to have some visual interest and some facets to it but nothing too complex.  And also Blender was very helpful in making sure we were getting our cut angles correct and dealing with sort of the compound angle of that roof. Once we had the design finalized, we used Blender's sort of linked data, linked objects in order to develop some cut sheets on our material. So each of these cut sheets was linked to the main model so as we made adjustments to the main model we could adjust how that would show up on our material cut sheets. And then we simply just printed those directly one to one, traced them onto our material and did the cuts. This is a bit of the fabrication process. We did that for the roof material as well. The whole thing starting to come together here and that led us to the final. So that ability to sort of link our material sheets to the main object and have them generated as we were working and working through the design was something that was really helpful in terms of managing our project budget and making the design come together. This was a more recent project. Just finished up last week. This was a trade show booth that I did for Cocoa 40 which is an incredible chocolate company. If you're in North America you should definitely check them out. I'm not sure if they ship internationally. But so this was the design of the trade show booth. So again we did that early render, you know, modeled in Blender. Using the EV render engine in 2.8 it's amazing because you can sort of prototype stuff like this right in front of the client which is great for getting feedback. And then again same sort of thing using, linking the objects and developing cut sheets for the material for that as well as DXFs and sort of more standard CAD files that were sent to a laser cutter to do the facets on the front. This is another project. So this was a third year design build project for a sauna. And what we did, we wanted to make sure that the benches in the sauna sort of were nice and ergonomic and fit to the human body. So we got one of our potential clients. We got them out in the deep snow of the cold Northern Ontario winter. We had them lie down in a snow bank and kind of shape the snow to their body. And then we 3D scanned that using 1, 2, 3D catch at the time. But now you've got tools like Meshroom and other open source alternatives to that. Brought that into Blender and then used it to develop the shape of the benches so that they would kind of match with the shape of the body. That's sort of a render of how the shapes worked out and the shapes under construction there. This was another project experimenting with one thing that I really enjoy about using Blender is the ability to very fluidly navigate perspective views of a project. So this was for a charity event called Canstruction that's run for the local food bank where they bring in different artists and design teams to do little installations. So the idea was that this is a forced perspective illusion. So when you stand from a certain point it makes the A logo that you see in the first image. And this was all done with cans of chicken and tuna. And there's the final result. And again, so this was we mapped this all out in Blender, used some projection mapping to get the logo correct and figure out the number of cans that we'd need. And then we just printed this plan out one to one, dropped it down on the floor and did the construction. This is an image that's not loading. Anyway, so this next project is a pavilion that we did up for one of the science centers in Sudbury, Ontario called Dynamic Earth. And they wanted sort of a pavilion that spoke to the history of Sudbury. So it's a mining town and they've made a lot of effort to become more sort of environmentally conscious in the operation of the mines. And part of that is what's known quite fondly in Sudbury is the Superstack. It's a 370 meter tall smokestack that helps disperse the pollution that's coming out from the mine smelting process as an alternative to the large roast beds that they used to use far back in the past, which is the bottom image there. And one thing that's really great about how the mine operations have changed over the years is that they're getting to the point where they've reduced emissions so much that they no longer need the Superstack. So it's going to be being removed and brought down in the next couple of years. So we wanted to design a pavilion that framed that and would still give people a sense of where the stack was and what an icon it was to the town when it was up and kind of memorialize it but also talk about sort of the environmental progress that the mining companies have made. So the idea was this charred wood pavilion kind of reminiscent both of the old roast beds and of the stack itself that frames the stack. And again Blunder's perspective tools were unfortunately the video's not loading. Incredibly essential in making sure those perspectives lined up and making sure that when people were sitting in the benches in the pavilion that top line of the stacks would be top line of the slats would be right lined up with where the top of the stack was. So these are just a couple images of the construction process. We went about sort of burning red cedar as a finish and then collecting it into this sort of almost octagonal shape and there's that's sort of the final image of the stack there. This project we started to come up against one of Blunder's limitations in this type of project which is you know because this was a public project on public land we had we had to submit a set of working drawings and construction drawings to the city for approvals. And this of course is something that's sort of not natively supported in Blunder's feature set so we had to export a fair bit of this work was done in Adobe Illustrator and rhinoceros for the actual working drawings. This is another project probably the most conventional architectural project of the ones that I have but so this is a set of two mass timber cottages up at the Lodge at Pine Cove also in Northern Ontario and the Lodge knew that they were looking for something that was sort of modular and something that could be prefabricated so we did a couple experiments with sort of parametric framing ideas in Blunder. Originally we were looking at standard stick frame prefabrication but we ended up going with stuck on the slide here we ended up going with a mass timber solution instead but these were just a couple of the mock-ups that we did early on. At this point we were using Blunder internal but now we've sort of updated the operation to use EV. Is there a couple shots of the construction? But again we ran into that limitation of you know because we needed to send these out to a manufacturer because we need to get approval from the city we had to export these Blunder models to a more traditional CAD software to do the working drawings. So the big takeaway was that sort of in my experience using this in my education and in a couple of the outside projects was that Blunder can be a really fantastic designs tool for these small scale projects especially if you're constructing them yourself or with a small team that you're involved in but you start to run into challenges when you get into the need to produce more traditional documentation and drawings for you know approvals by planning departments manufacturers etc etc so when I finally got into my my masters here and was starting to try to come up with a topic to work on for my thesis dissertation I wanted to see if I could take a look at addressing this and seeing if I could make Blunder into a platform that could be used an open-source platform that could be used right through the architectural production process and actually start to produce some of those simple working drawings within Blunder itself so I've been developing an add-on called Measure at Arc and it's based on the Measure at Tools that were developed by Antonio Vasquez I'm not sure if he said the conference here but he's also the developer of the grease pencil tools one of the main developers on the grease pencil tools and he had this you know really strong foundation base of an add-on for adding dimensions into Blunder models but they were sort of drawn in screen space they wouldn't be occluded by objects there wasn't sort of a fully fleshed out style system so I wanted to see if I could sort of address some of those those issues so Measure at Arc the add-on adds support for doing sort of standard line work dimensions and annotations within Blunder the line work is kind of a real-time alternative to the freestyle line drawing system which I had been using previously whenever I had to export line work from Blunder but I wanted something that was you know much more simple a freestyle of course offers a lot more stylistic opportunity when you're rendering your line work but I wanted something that just did simple line work that was very fast and responsive and worked in the 3d viewport so there's just a couple of options for you know dashes and silhouettes and that kind of thing but it you know responds adaptively in the viewport and this is just it working on a larger sort of GIS model of Sudbury Ontario and I wanted it to be sort of very simple to add in this line work in the 3d view so it is based on manual selection of edges unlike some other systems but there is an operator that I've put in that will select those lines based on the crease angle that you have specified in Blunder I just streamline the process if you have some complex geometry dimensions themselves are an attempt to deal with sort of one of the frustrations I've had with common CAD software which is the need to redefine a work plane when you're dimensioning in in 3d so you know unlike tools like Rhino and Revit where you're constantly having to redefine that work plane for every you know different planar surface that you're dimensioning these dimensions are based instead on the actual geometry of the object and they attempt to place themselves intelligently based on the objects topology and your current viewpoint position in the scene another sort of frustration I've had with sort of conventional CAD software is that you've got sort of the the click a point click a point drag out to place workflow for placing dimensions and I wanted something that you could just select a whole set of edges and hit the dimension button and it would bring them all in this was something that was present in in Antonio's original measure add-on but it was something that I wanted to maintain as I was sort of refactoring the dimension code to make sure that it would work in sort of proper three-dimensional space with proper occlusion and that sort of thing the other thing was sort of the automatic orientation I wanted the dimensions to be able to adjust themselves as you move around so that if you're you know in a plan view and you're switching to a section view and you want those things to to stay consistent and not have to redefine dimensions as you move around the object for different views and right now I've got a single axis and aligned dimensions in place so you can a lot have a dimension that just measures along any of the cardinal axis axes or ones that say aligned to the line of geometry that they're measuring hopefully the internet's gonna run but this was just a quick demo video of some of the tools in action skip to where I start sort of defining line work and so I'm using measure it to draw the measure it out to draw the contour lines the landscape as well as sort of the silhouette lines around the darkened edges that you're seeing in the cut views are actually done with a Boolean modifier because the resulting cut from the Boolean modifier will inherit the material that the cutting object uses so that's a fast way to do to do cut lines in Blender and so what you get is sort of the option to take a simple unidentitated Blender render and add in some of that sort of architectural detailing to it and it lets you sort of combine this with all of Blender's other feature sets which are phenomenal for architectural design you know the ability to use the grease pencil tools and EV and all of these other amazing features you know that the amazing developers of Blender have been adding in 2.8 which can be you know huge time savers in an architectural design project and you know grease pencil especially helps kind of bring the sketchbook into the 3d software which I think is phenomenal so these are just a couple composite images are produced using Measure at Arc and EV this is just kind of showing how I'm using sort of the workbench render engine and EV in combination here so how you can transition from sort of a typical working drawing style over into the fully rendered image very quickly and these are just a couple more plans that I've been producing this is more work that I've been doing for for the Logic Pine Cove they've been great and very very supportive and very patient with me as I test out these tools on their projects and I can't thank them enough for that so and again you know it just allows you to switch back and forth between the rendered preview and the plan drawing very quickly which is something that's kind of unique to Blender and then that's just showing how the dimensions sort of start to reorient themselves as you move around so that's kind of it for me today but I just want to bring up sort of some next steps and things that I'd like to work on and improve in this add-on and also sort of talk about some things that other people in the Blender community are doing IFC support would be a huge one for architectural work using Blender and Dion Molt down in Sydney Australia has been developing an add-on that handles IFC export of Blender geometry and it's really phenomenal you know it's a work in progress but there's a whole lot of potential there there's I've lost his name and I apologize but there's also someone else in the Blender community on Twitter who's been working on dimensions that are actually reactive where you can sort of click on the dimension number enter a new number and it will adjust the spacing again which is sort of commonplace in in most CAD tools so adding that sort of interactivity to the dimensions and sort of a constraint system another thing would be you know scheduling Blender has so much capacity to add custom metadata to your objects that I think some kind of scheduling system that makes use of that data and can export it into you know an Excel file or a CSV file would be phenomenal and then something that I've been working on as an next step would be sort of individual camera sizing and better sort of more intuitive orthographic scale settings to allow you to sort of set up your panels and your drawings yeah and that's it for me thanks so much for for listening to my talk if you're interested in in testing out Measure at Arc that's the GitHub link there and the YouTube link to a channel where I've been trying to post update videos as things move along I also want to say a big thank you to all of the conference organizers you know it's amazing to get to come and talk about about Blender and yeah and thanks so much to to all of the team members you know each of those design build projects was was a big team effort with teams ranging from you know five to 18 people so I have to give a thank you to the all the team members yeah thanks so much are we on time does anyone have any questions one of the one of the problem I had with the measure it add on is that you have to use it at the end of the projects as an example you make a cube that is the shape of the house you put the misery the measurements and then you make loop cuts to put the windows and then you lose the because I think it's real and I think the do you think there is a way for your add-on to handle this that you can keep the the measurements if you add geometry yeah that's actually one of the things I've been trying to solve I've been working I've got it a little bit more stable if you're using modifiers so you can make sort of Boolean cuts and not not affect it but as soon as you apply those modifiers then you do start to run into that same issue I do think it's definitely something that's possible to overcome I need to look into a little bit more of the Python event handler system and and that kind of thing because there should be a way to you know when that mesh data is updated to just do a quick run through and check if the vertex index still matches the position that it was at before or is at least within some sort of you know tolerable threshold and then sort of reassign the end to see based on that so I do think it's a solvable problem but it's not one I've I've solved yet also not yet what I'm looking at too is an option to convert measurements line work into grease pencil line work and I believe there's some work being done on vector either SVG or or other sort of vector formats for for the grease pencil object data so I'm hoping that will be kind of the the best path forward for that are there different levels of metric measurement possible millimeter centimeters meters yeah so right now it's pulling all of the unit information from Blender's unit system so in the same way you'd change your scene units measure it's measured arcs annotations will change your reflect that yeah great thanks so much everyone