Hi, I'm Zor. Welcome to Unisor Education. Continuing discussion on different aspects of motion, today's lecture is about acceleration. This is part of the course called Physics for Teens, presented on Unisor.com. And that's exactly the website where I suggest you to watch this lecture because it also contains notes for every lecture and exams. It also contains the course of math for teens, which is actually a prerequisite for this course. And also there is even US law for teens. Now the site is completely free and there are no advertisements, so I do suggest you to use it extensively in your studying. So, let's talk about acceleration. Well, the previous lecture about speed and velocity was really fundamental to understand all the aspects of motion in classical mechanics. Now this one, acceleration, is just basically a continuation. If you have understood perfectly well what is a velocity, that this is a derivative from coordinate functions. It's a vector from each coordinate function. What's the difference between velocity and speed? Velocity is a vector, speed is its magnitude of this vector. So if you understand that, then this particular lecture is very, very simple. So, again, velocity is basically an instantaneous speed of change of position, right? So, if you have coordinate functions x, y and z, which describe the vector from the origin of coordinates to a position of our point at time t, then the corresponding velocity vector is an instantaneous change of each parameter. And the instantaneous change, as I have explained, is just a derivative from the corresponding function, coordinate function. So, instant change of the position is velocity. Now, let's just consider a completely generalized function of time, some kind of characteristic of the object which is related to time. Whatever the function is, h of t. T is the time parameter, h is its characteristic, which means anything, basically, which can mean anything. It can mean the position, it can mean speed, it can mean an odd density, whatever. Now, if this is the function of time, then instantaneous change of this particular characteristic is exactly the same as in case of position and velocity, right? So, instantaneous change of time-related characteristic of an object is derivative from this function by the time, by the parameter argument t, right? So, that's a general position. That's exactly what was used here. Now, let's just apply this rule to this vector. Now, this vector is the vector of the position, right? Let's call it p. And instantaneous change of the vector of the position is velocity. Now, what if I want to find out how velocity is changing? Velocity can change. We are not really driving the car with constant speed, right? So, how can we do this? Exactly the same way. Instantaneous change of this particular vector of velocity is derivative of each function which corresponds to each coordinate of this vector, right? Now, so we need to do the derivative from the derivative. And as we know, this is just derivative of the second order. So, we are applying exactly the same logic to find out what is the instantaneous change of velocity. And this is called the vector of acceleration and the story. So, basically we have applied exactly the same logic to find out the instantaneous rate of change of certain parameter. We do the derivative. Now, if you want to know instantaneous rate of change of this parameter, we do the derivative. So, if we have our position described as three coordinate functions, the first derivative describes the vector of velocity, and the second derivative from these original functions describes the vector which we call acceleration. It's definition. So, there is nothing to talk about. It's definition, right? So, alright, now we have to talk about terminology just a little bit. Now, in case of the first derivative, this is the vector, velocity is a vector. But we also have the word speed, right? Which, strictly speaking, we have decided that, okay, velocity is a vector and speed is its magnitude. Now, what's the magnitude of the vector V? Well, the magnitude of the vector is, as we know, square root of squares of coordinates. So, this is basically speed. Now, what's interesting is, if you consider a movement, let's say along the z-axis, which means that x and y are always zero, then this and this is zero. This is the first derivative. Now, this and this will be zero, right? And this square root of this thing would be basically the z of t itself, right? So, in this case, the vector will be z prime of t. Zero, zero, come z prime of t. And the magnitude of this vector would also be, well, if we want it to be precise, it's absolute value because this is the square root and it's a positive. Now, this particular value may be negative, but well, it's almost the same as z prime t, right? So, almost the same as first derivative. But in any case, we have two different words. One is for the vector of velocity, which is a vector actually, and the speed is the magnitude of this vector, which by absolute value is equal to basically the monicomponent if we are moving along a straight line along some kind of either z-axis or x-axis or anything else. Vector itself and its magnitude when we are talking about direction along the straight line are almost the same because we're not really talking about direction very much because direction is obviously along the same straight line, it does not change. We can probably ignore it. But in any case, strictly speaking, in a three-dimensional world, this is a vector called velocity and this is a scalar, the magnitude of this vector and we call it speed. So, we have two different words, velocity for vector, speed for its magnitude. Now, in case of acceleration, there are no two words. There is a vector of acceleration and you can talk about absolute value of acceleration, which is basically, again, the square root of this square plus this square plus this square. So, the word acceleration in some cases assumes that we're talking about the vector and in some cases it assumes that we're talking about the magnitude of this vector. So, it's only the context probably should clarify this issue. But again, if we are talking about the straight line movement which in many beginners' courses of physics is the only kind of a movement which they consider while accepting the rotation. So, in any case, in most cases, addressed in regular course of physics for beginners, we are talking about the straight line, in which case, obviously, all the vectors have exactly the same direction and we can probably not think about the direction anymore and think only about the magnitude of this vector. With a sign, plus or minus, which basically kind of signifies the direction. All right, so that's just a side issue about the terminology. So, we have acceleration and these are second derivative of the coordinate functions. Now, what I wanted to do right now is just to give you a couple of examples of movement, its velocity and speed and its acceleration and its magnitude of the acceleration. All right, so, examples. I have four examples. The first two are absolutely trivial. Now, let's consider you have the movement which is defined by the following coordinate functions. Now, what does it mean? It means that at any moment of time our object, our point actual where the object is located is always in the beginning of the coordinates, in the origin, and it doesn't move. So, basically, it's a body at rest. It's the object which doesn't move. Its initial position is at the origin of coordinates, zero, zero, zero, and it doesn't move since at all. Well, that's the easiest actually kind of movement, no movement at all, right? Now, what's the first derivatives? Well, it's a constant, so the first derivative is zero. Obviously, the magnitude of this vector. So, the velocity is a null vector. I hope you remember what null vector is. Vector is coordinates equal to zero, all components. Now, its magnitude is obviously zero as well. Now, if we want to go to acceleration, and it's obviously zero as well, so it doesn't move, it doesn't accelerate, so everything is equal to zero. And this is the simplest kind of case which we will probably never be dealing with this kind of movement. It's really trivial. Now, the second also absolutely trivial is when the body is also at rest, but not at the beginning, not at the origin of coordinates, but somewhere else. Let's say the initial position, which does not change with time, is three, ten, and minus six. So, we are at point in the three-dimensional world with three coordinates, three, ten, and six, and minus six, and the object doesn't really move from this point at all. What happens with the first derivative, with velocity? Well, again, the constant, the derivative from the constant is zero, so we also have exactly the same thing. And obviously, if the body is not moving, the velocity vector of velocity, its speed, obviously it's all zero. And if it's not moving, if it's standing still, obviously there are no accelerations. The second derivative is also equal to zero. And obviously the magnitude, the speed is equal to zero, and acceleration as a constant, as a scalar, is also zero. Again, very trivial case. Now, we will slightly change this thing. My third example is three plus six t. y is equal to ten minus eight t. And z is equal to minus six plus ten t. Now, what does it mean? Well, at t equals to zero, we are in exactly the same position as in the previous example, three, ten, and minus six. But now, as t increases, as the time goes by, my object is moving. Now, these are all linear equations of time, so it's very easy to prove that the resulting movement will be a long straight line. Some straight line. It doesn't really matter which one, but some straight line. Now, what's interesting is how fast I will move. So, what's my velocity? Well, the vector of velocity is the vector of derivatives, right? Now, the derivative of three plus six t, well, that's the sum of two functions. So, derivative of the sum is equal to sum of derivatives. Derivative of three is a constant which means it's zero. Derivative of six t is six. Derivative of ten minus eight t is minus eight. And derivative of minus six plus ten t is ten. Okay, so that's my velocity. Now, look at this. Velocity is a vector. Now, what's interesting is this vector doesn't change with time. What does it mean? It means that our linear speed along that line is exactly the same and it does not change. So, the vector of velocity which has a magnitude and direction, since it does not change, there is no dependency on the time parameter, right? It doesn't change. It means that the direction and the magnitude of this vector are always the same. So, direction obviously is defined by three coordinates. Now, it's magnitude. It's very easy to calculate. So, the magnitude is equal to square root of six square plus minus eight square plus ten square, which is thirty-six, sixty-four, a hundred plus a hundred, two hundred, so it's ten square root of two. So, that's the magnitude and that's the speed. So, this velocity vector defines direction, obviously along that straight line defined by these parameterized equations. T time is a parameter and the magnitude is this one. So, the direction is within this straight line and the linear speed along this straight line is this. Now, finally, acceleration. Now, acceleration, these are constants, so derivative from the constant is zero. So, there is no acceleration, which means that the speed is constant. It doesn't do it faster. It doesn't do it slower, because with a certain constant speed along the line defined by these equations, our body is moving and moving and moving without any change in the rate of movement. So, that's my third example. And the fourth example, let me just wipe it out. I want to draw a picture. Okay, so this is a tower of Pisa. So, I'm sure everybody knows that there is a town in Italy called Pisa and there is a tower in there, which is basically slanted a little bit and Galileo was using it as an experiment. He was dropping balls down to the earth and he was actually counting whatever the time covered, maybe the speed of the ball, it's not really easy to do the speed, but anyway, he was doing the experiments with things which he dropped from the tower of Pisa. And he found out that whatever object he drops, the time until it reaches the ground is exactly the same. And he was kind of surprised a little bit because he was thinking that heavier objects should really fall faster. But that's not the case. Anyway, so this is the tower of Pisa and let's consider that the height vertical is capital H. So, we are dropping certain object from the top of the tower of Pisa down to the ground. Now, first of all, I have to talk about coordinate system. Now, here is coordinate system. This is the origin. These are on the ground X and Y and this is Z axis. All the way up to the top of the tower of Pisa, which means that our original position, so only the Z component is not equal to zero. The X and Y component of the object which we are going to drop from the top of the tower, so the Z component is H, X and Y are zero. That's pretty much understood. Now, I would like to tell you how exactly this particular object will be falling down. Well, it will fall down along this vertical line, which means X and Y coordinates will not change. It will be still zero. So, this is zero and this is zero for any T. It doesn't change. But the Z coordinate is changing with the time. Now, initially, at T equal to zero, it's H and then it becomes smaller and smaller. That's why there is a minus sign. And what's interesting is it's proportional to the square root of the time interval passed from the beginning, where G is some kind of a constant. We are not talking about what's the meaning of this constant and I put the coefficient two just for convenience because this is a constant anyway. I put K but I decided to put G over two to make my further calculations just slightly easier. So, there is some kind of a constant and this is given. I mean, I'm giving it to you by definition that this is the law of falling from the height H because the T is equal to zero, obviously Z of zero is equal to H as it should. Now, at some time, let's just think about what time it will reach the ground. Well, it will reach the ground when Z of T will be equal to zero, right? So, the moment capital T, when it reaches the ground, it means that zero is equal to H minus G T square over two from which T is equal to 2H divided by G square root, right? So, this is the time if my body is falling according to this formula, then this is the time when it will reach the ground but that's not exactly my point right now. This is the side issue. My point is let's find velocity at each moment of time and acceleration. Okay. So, we will disregard this. We don't really need it. Okay. Velocity is the first derivative from the coordinate functions, right? So, what is this vector? Well, the X coordinate is constant zero. So, the first component of velocity, the derivative from the X will be zero. Y will be exactly the same thing. Now, the derivative of this, well, this is the constant minus remains. Now, T square is derivative is 2T, right? This is just a coefficient. So, it will be G times 2T divided by 2. So, it will be minus GT. Well, that's why I put divided by 2 to get a little bit nicer velocity. Okay? Otherwise, I would have to put coefficient 2 here. So, this is my velocity as a vector. So, let's just analyze it. First of all, you see zero and zero, which means my body would not move outside of the vertical line. It's only within the Z axis it will move. No movement outside of the Z towards X or increasing or decreasing X or Y. It will be zero all the time. Now, along the Z, it's minus. What does it mean that it's minus? Well, that's because we are decreasing, right? We were on the H and we are going down to zero. So, we are decreasing. Since we are decreasing, function is decreasing and decreasing function have negative derivative, right? So, that's why it's minus GT. So, what's interesting is that my velocity is not constant now. I mean, it's constant by direction, but it's not constant by magnitude because the magnitude of this thing is square root of zero square plus zero square plus minus GT square, which is GT. So, magnitude is increasing as T is increasing. So, as the time goes by, my body moves faster and faster and we all know that in the beginning basically the velocity is equal to zero, right? We just dropped it. We didn't push it down. We just dropped it. And if we dropped it, the initial speed is equal to zero. So, if T is equal to zero, my initial velocity is equal to zero. Now, if the time goes by and as you see the magnitude of the velocity is increasing, so the velocity will be the maximum at the very end, right? So, if you remember the very end, T was what? Square root of two H over G, right? I was just driving this. So, at moment T, my velocity will be G times T, which is equal to square root of two HG, right? In the top and square root of G in the bottom, so it will be square root of G in the numerator. So, that would be my final velocity when it reaches the ground. But anyway, this is my vector of velocity. This is its magnitude. And what's my vector of acceleration? That's the derivative of this. Zero, zero. Derivative of minus GT is minus G. So, my acceleration is constant. So, my speed is not constant. My velocity vector is not constant. But the acceleration is constant. So, whenever the body goes down, it accelerates, which means the instantaneous increase of the speed is constant. Increase of the speed is not constant. That's the velocity. But instantaneous increase of instantaneous increase of the position is constant. That's what's very important. And it's obviously related to gravity. Our planet attracts everything. And the result of this attraction is basically the force which brings down this particular body. What's interesting about the whole story here is that the acceleration is constant. Well, that's basically, that concludes my few examples of knowing the coordinate function, whatever the coordinate function is. We can basically find out everything. Now, in this particular case, we found out the velocity. We found out the acceleration. We found out the moment of time when the movement actually is ending, when it reaches the ground. And we even found the final speed at that particular moment. When this particular object hits the ground, that's the speed of hitting the ground. Everything is derived from equations of motion. Here. This, this, and this. As long as you know how the object moves, you can calculate all these little things which are needed to basically analyze the movement. All right. That's basically it for today. Thank you very much and good luck.


All right, welcome back to Geeks are sexy. I'm Jason Laduke. It's the fourth Thursday or the fifth Thursday. It's the last Thursday of the month I don't remember what we did Thanksgiving was a week ago. Did you have a good Thanksgiving? I had a fantastic Thanksgiving. That's awesome. Thanksgiving here in Las Vegas is one of my one of my favorite times and it's just such a such a Great weather and such an easy way to do Thanksgiving here, especially if you don't want to cook or clean or anything like that You have a lot of options here. So I am here with Jenny Faye from Cupcake Girls Yes, you're the Las Vegas City Director for Cupcake Girls and what Cupcake Girls do is they provide Confidential support to those involved in the sex industry as well as those affected by domestic sex trafficking Through holistic resources case management and aftercare and I'm gonna let you describe what all those things really mean They provide non-judgmental support and that's really the part that I find so compelling about what it is You do is that there's no judgment associated with How you found them what you're doing now what you intend to be doing in the future They're just there to help you with whatever you with the things they can help you with and what you need right now Regardless of what you're doing right now, and I think that's so great because that's that's not how a lot of yeah Keep not how a lot of groups that are trying to help people work So and you're kind of your key tenants are respect resources and relationships will welcome Jenny Thank you for being here. Tell us about Cupcake Girls and how it got started in Las Vegas Thank you so much for inviting me on so Cupcake Girls has existed officially for almost eight years now We started as a 501c3 in 2011, but the story starts before then so in about 2009 Joy Hoover our founder and president she and her husband they were living in Michigan But they came to Vegas on vacation and they have a huge heart for people in general But especially for marginalized communities so even when they were here on vacation They couldn't help but look around and see who's being left out and it became very clear to them people in the adult industry in Las Vegas are very left out Really not having access to some basic resources and pushed aside a lot So they experienced this and then kind of went home and just couldn't shake it And so about three months later they looked at each other and said we have to do something They sold pretty much everything that they owned they moved to Las Vegas and joy said they lived on people's couches They ate lots of ramen noodles and they spent about a year just trying to Get to know the adult industry and get to know who the people were and what the people wanted and needed instead of coming in and saying Here's what we think you need but just to listen well So she did this by taking cupcakes into the strip clubs and legal brothels and on one of the early visits when she was Bringing the cupcakes and she said some of the dancers looked over and said our cupcake girls are here So joy was like well, I guess we're the cupcake girls so then by early 2011 like I said we got our 501c3 and by late 2011 we actually opened our branch in Portland Okay, so that's kind of the story of how we came to be I imagine that took a long time and was Could it could have been very frustrating for joy building that trust with the adult The entertainment community sex worker community here in town It's it's not not known for being a very trusting community and kind of rightly so right? Definitely consistency was key for us just to keep showing up and still is yeah, and you continue to do that seven years eight years later Right. Yeah, so so how did you get involved? So I got involved because I've been involved for about a year and for several years I just had this growing passion in my heart to equip and empower women and I I didn't really know how that would play out in my life I kind of tried things here and there and then about a year ago. I sensed maybe a new horizon Coming for me and I was talking with one of my friends and we had a mutual friend who volunteered with the cupcake girls So my friend just said I I think you would love working with the cupcake girls I think it would be a great fit for you And so that started the conversation and within my first conversation with joy. Oh my goodness I was so I was so enthralled by the mission by her passion for it And then even just as I shared about who I was and what they needed It seemed like it was gonna be a great match and it has been a really good match where I felt like I could contribute Well, but also where I felt like I was being fulfilled as I did that I feel like that's something that that you do well And maybe that's some of the secret sauce that joy has because I haven't met her in person but I've had a few emails with her and But I've met a few of the folks working as in the volunteer positions and you know in the office themselves And and you seem to have the sixth sense about this is the right person for us And and the sixth sense about this is the place I need to be and I think that's so cool that they're able to build those bonds so quickly So so tell us about the approach that cupcake girl states as it is little as we mentioned it's a little bit different in the the organization that help this community are not necessarily as Low judgment or no judgment as you are so tell us about your approach to help in this community So our number one core value is we love without agenda. So we don't come in and say I love you I love you when we just come in and say I love you and want to help in any way that would be helpful So we have three main programs in our direct care branch Which is our branch that works directly with our clients the first one is our outreach program So every month we still take cupcakes into the strip clubs and legal brothels in hot pink boxes And we take our resource cards that just tell who we are and resources that we offer and our hope is We start the conversation. It's a really good icebreaker and it lets people know we exist And like I said, we're here and we want to help if ever our help is needed or wanted And then our other two programs come into play once a client reaches out to us We have our referral program and our intensive case management program So our referral program is when a client maybe reaches out and just has one specific need like I I just need help getting to a dentist Or I just need help on my taxes someone who's gonna understand You know how all the laws work and not gonna judge me when they find out And not gonna rip me off because I might be paying the right right So all those things, you know, that's a referral where we can refer them to one of our vetted partners or resources And then follow up with them in about a week and see how you doing. Do you need anything else? Our intensive case management program is for our clients who they want to meet with their client their advocate weekly So then together they're gonna build a plan for how that client can get where they want to go And so we use an empowerment model. We don't tell people what to do We try to listen well ask good questions and really hear What does this person want where they want to go and what tools do we have that we can put in their hands that we can offer and Then if the client wants to take those resources cool And if not cool at their grown-ups and it's up to them what they do or don't want to do It really does sound not to be lit up But a phrase we used to use in the Air Force big boys and girls time, right? Yeah, you know what it is you were you want to get to here's how I can help you If you don't want to do this today, we'll be here if you want to come if you don't want to do this And you want to come back in three months will still be exactly so that's awesome Human trafficking. Yeah, that is something you guys are yes. This is this is kind of where this all started really It has a higher level of consciousness now in the United States then I think it did But I think when people think of human trafficking they think of things that are going on Overseas they think of things happening in Africa and Asia and you know Eastern Europe and that kind of thing Can you tell us more about how human trafficking happens close to home? Yes, and what what we could or should all be looking for what are some indicators we could be looking for especially here in Las Vegas? so I was Before I started working with the cupcake girls probably like the general public and when I thought of human trafficking I thought of like some really extreme movie that I had seen and that's like Liam Neeson Yes, and you don't really see that I don't see that in my neighborhood Trafficking doesn't happen here. Well, what I realized was yes, it the Liam Neeson kind of trafficking That's a reality in our world and it's not okay We provide aftercare for survivors of that as well But what we're seeing more and more is what's being called domestic sex trafficking That's trafficking that's happening within the United States within Las Vegas within our neighborhoods And so trafficking is especially sex trafficking anyone who is in the adult industry under coercion deception manipulation Threat and they're not in control of their wages So anyone in a pimped situation is in a trafficking situation because they are not fully in control of the choices happening around them They're not fully in control of their wages. So what we're seeing with that is a lot of nuances with trafficking For instance, we had a client come to us recently and she gave us permission to share this part of her story But she had been trafficked for 20 years and she didn't realize it Because there was such extreme manipulation happening. So she she didn't fully compute She just thought the guy that she was with was a sociopath. She didn't understand all that was happening. Maybe yeah Yeah, and maybe I think he is But also there's more to it. She said even at the airport those signs in the bathroom stalls about trafficking She said she would see those signs and think to herself those poor girls Not ever thinking that she was in that situation because for her She wasn't being physically abused and in her mind that was what meant someone was being your chain to irradiate her Yes, she was experiencing every other kind of abuse And let's talk about that because this can be really insidious. It can be it can be as insidious as some of these Women or men are getting paid for what they do and the second they're done. They're handing that money to somebody else I'm not advocating anybody breaking any laws I'm just but but I mean it could be as insidious as that is that that's the setup, right? And they're trained that that's the setup Yeah, so what are what are some some of those really insidious things that that we should we could or should be looking out for So we're starting to see maybe three main types of traffickers Like I said, it's really nuanced But you can kind of think in terms of three different types and one type is what's called the gorilla pimp or trafficker And that's probably what most people think of when they think of a pimp someone who has multiple people typically women that they Keep in submission by physical violence and force and threats like that Sort of be on the lookout That's a little bit easier to recognize and typically people in that situation Know that that is not a healthy situation and would like to be out of it But are often fearful as to how to get out of it But another thing that we're seeing is what's called a Romeo pimp. This is someone who? Often poses as a boyfriend or a girlfriend. We do tend to see it more a guy and a girl type of situation So a boyfriend maybe who? Gives lots of gifts. It's a really sudden and intense relationship where this guy just really takes care of this girl And then something turns maybe he says well, I take care of you So now you need to take care of me and my friends or or they have this fine relationship It's something snaps in the partner and suddenly, you know, they're they're throwing that adult worker against the wall and sing from now And you're gonna give me every penny that you make or I'll kill you And sometimes it's a light switch like that But a lot of times it's this really unhealthy relationship and people in that situation may not compute that this is my pimp or my trafficker They just think this is my abuser. They think I have a bad boyfriend.  So and I think tell me if I'm wrong about this But what my own research on this what's really important about this is with these Romeo pimps This is always the plan. This is never it's not that switch goes on and some like they get in a fight and then all of a sudden I'm gonna make you I'm gonna make you work for me. This is always the plan Yeah, typically and I suppose there are some situations where it just happens However, it comes about it's not all right and really that deciding that thing that's really significant Is that the worker is not in control of their wages because that means then they're not in control of what happens in their life And they're not in control of being able to walk away if they wanted to walk away The third face that we're starting to see more and more is what's being called a CEO PIM This is someone who really comes at it from a business standpoint presents themselves as a business person has business cards Maybe talks about themselves as being an agent So maybe you know, they come up to someone and say is anyone ever told you you could be a model I want to help you get that going. Here's my card Let's exchange information and then that turns into that not a modeling relationship But pushing someone into the adult industry and taking their wages but a piece of Trafficking that we're realizing is because of the stigma around the adult community Most people in the adult community aren't talking about what they do or what their relationship is with the people in their life we're in the industry and So because of that, they're not your neighbor isn't going to come to you and say hey I've been hearing this word trafficking and I want you to know. I think that might be me, right? It happens through relationships So even with us at the cupcake girls sometimes we have clients who come in and as they're telling their story We have moments where we say gently Hey, did some of the things that you described are characteristics of sex trafficking. Are you aware of that? And so we're actually working on a brochure that lists out some of those characteristics Like I mentioned the not in control of your wages The manipulation to threat the coercion and not giving appropriate not being given appropriate breaks for food or water Are things like that that our clients could look at and see if some of those things maybe resonate with them Because that client who'd been trafficked for 20 years the way the light bulb went off She saw online that document that's basic human rights And then she went to our website and she read the definition of domestic sex trafficking and suddenly realized that was her life So it happens usually through a relationship and seeing some of the characteristics or having someone else gently Say some of these characteristics sound like this situation. What do you think about that? Yeah, that is something that we if we if we felt there was someone in our lives that That was going through this we could we could Kind of say to them I'm probably not the right person to talk to you about this But I I know someone who could talk to you about this and maybe give you some perspective on this and kind of gently ease them over to you Yep Well and one of the great things about cupcake girls is we're a resource organization So if you know of anyone who's in the adult industry Our services are open to any individual who is working or ever has worked in the adult industry in any capacity So if you have any friends who are in that industry or have been Let them know they can reach out to us just for help with any kind of resource and then hopefully as their advocate has Conversations with them and is figuring out who they are and where they want to go Some of these things might come up that might raise some flags if it's a trafficking situation And one of the things that you and I have talked about, but I don't think we've gotten to this in real depth Here is you're not trying to lean them out of that industry You're just trying to get them the help they need and let them make their own choices about Yes, what they do with their lives at that point. Yes, we are not a rescue organization. We are our resources and empowerment I think that's so important Okay, so I think we are out of time So who can we help connect you with and how can our viewers reach you? Yes? Our website is www.thecupcakegirls.org If you jump on there You'll find tabs to be able to get connected as a volunteer to donate you'll be able to find lots of ways that you can Support us Awesome. Well, thank you so much for being here. We're gonna have you stay right here We're gonna bring Michelle back for our panel discussion talk a little bit more broadly about some leadership and business topics and things going on in Las Vegas I'm Jason the Duke. This is Geeks are sexy. We'll be right back with our panel discussion


Welcome back to another review review and today I'm going to take a look at the dude. This is the dude rig. The dude rig is in constant developments and has constant changes and edits. So for that, there is a Google Drive link, which I will have in the description where you have constant access to the rig. And once you download it, you have a couple of folders, the maps and the Maya version. There is also a picker for it. Make sure to relink all the maps for the textures. And when you have the Maya version, you have multiple versions. There's a beta version eight, nine and 10 currently in my folder in there. You have the high res, the faceless version and so on. So you have a different option to load. And as always, I will list this on my animation buffet site where I list all kinds of rigs that are fine or that people send me for reviews that I make. So if you have anything that you want me to look at, post a review, feel free to email me and I will check out that rig. And speaking of reviews, they will be posted on my YouTube channel. Feel free to browse around and you will see all kinds of things like acting, analysis clips, animation, analysis clips, lectures, all kinds of things. So browse around if this is something that you like, feel free to subscribe. All right, going back, this is the dude rig. And in the channels, you can see here, there's the geo and then there's box mode in terms of display. And if I bring in my controllers here, now when you animate this, you can see that's that. So that's much faster to animate. Well, let's go back because I want to see what is going on. This is the rig in all of its glory and all of the controllers. And as always, let me start at the main controller. So you got one big one here. That's the root master so you can do the mesh high and low. This is obviously high. This is low. You see the difference there. Still very, very similar. So in terms of the representation in your scene, that's very cool. I like that. You can obviously move that character around using that control. And if I select the one in the middle here, you have another controller. As always, I use stuff like that in case I want that character to fly around. You can change a pivot. And now you have a pivot point here or whatever you want to do with that. No other controls here in terms of the channels. That is it. Using the main controller, you can scale. And as always, with scale, sometimes it's tricky. This seems to be pretty OK. Make sure that you check it out on really big and small values. The second controller here has only one channel open for scale. So again, see what you can use and what works for you. Scaling and moving the character off the origin, rotating around and scaling, sometimes reveals some problems and control the scale differently. But so far, these seems pretty cool and stable. All right, let's go down to the feet. Also seems to get close, really nice textures on the clothing here. Well, let's go to the feet. Let's check out that big box here. Let's grab the foot controller. As always, let's check things out as I move this up. Oh, you can see some of the sections with clothing. That is something to look at in terms of the general look as you move things around. Speaking of moving around, let's go back. This is the foot. I can move this around like that. You have controls here, which I will go back to. But I usually rotate the foot around to see if the knee goes with it. In this case, it does not. So you have your knee control here. This is for your space, for hip and feet. Speaking of feet, let's bring that foot back. And if you go into here, you got a foot roll, classic foot roll here. You got the toe rotate like this. Banking like that tip, rotate like this. And again, you can see some of the sections with the geometry here. And you have the heel rotate like that. If you go back to this, this is your IK, FK switch to IK. Now I am FK. And of course, FK will change to these classic controllers that we all know. You also have stretchability. So if I take this and go like that, nothing happens, but then you can stretch it and this happens. You have secondary controllers on and you have knee on. And volume change to goes really small. That's kind of cool. Let's go back here. And if I go back to this and I say knee visibility on here, you have this control to move this around. This is for the pin. And as you go like this, you have changes in the curvature. That's cool. I like that. It also has that box here to change that section like that. Same thing with this. You can pull this to change the curvature or just pull this to do all kinds of things with it. And then the channels, like I said, the curve and the pinning channels. Very cool. And since it's there, let's also move this. You can see these are your bend bows, but again, a bit tricky with the pants. So what you can do is just this is your pan charm. And you can see this here. So if you select what's underneath, these are the legs. You can just take that leg and hide it. So by doing that, if I move this around here, you can see that all your intersections are gone. Going back into more detail here, you have this controller that you can rotate. This is going to be for your foot roll between like that. And then, of course, you have a controller here to do this like that, where you have more pivots and options. Then you have this middle controller here, where you can do to control like that. So lots of manual options. Of course, these feet, that means left and right is the same thing. And let's go up as we pretty much every week here. You have that side controller to move things around. Again, this is to reshape and you can not scale and you can't rotate. This is purely translate. The control here is your offset due to waste offset control, as it says here. But this kind of functions as a root control. Then you go one up here. This is the actual waste control. They call it waste here. So you have that and you bring it down again. This gives you with the offset another version here to pivot it from here, which is very cool. Going one up here, that gives you that chest control. If you go one up higher again, that's this chest control. And then one up here, that's another chest control here. Can't scale and you can't translate. This is just a rotation.  There's no hip control. I think the hip control should be there just by default. But if you select that blue one, you can see here, you have stretchability, volume, FK visibility, and you have IK visibility. There you go. You also have reverse FK. You can see this here, which is very cool. If you go back here, now you have that extra box and that extra box is going to be your hip control like this. And if you go up here, that is your chest control where you can translate and rotate as well. Very cool. No scale on this one. So just as a reminder, always check your channels. You have all that in here. Reverse, turn this off. This IK visibility and FK visibility on off volume and stretch. Let's go up here. You got these controllers here, which are your clavicles. So clavicle control here. If I select that arm, this is all separate. And if you select that top controller, you have translates to move it like this. This is also very cool. Just in case you don't do rotations, you can quickly adjust some things. But it takes that rotation of the arm with it like that. If you select the smaller controller here, this is a deformation. That's pretty cool. You don't always have that. And in the channels, you have the up multipliers, out multiplier, out multiplier and rotation multiplier of all of your influence needs. So if I rotate this up here and on top of that, translate this, it's still fairly clean, but it still has that rotation in there. It's kind of interesting to have that more independently. But I wonder if that is with an IK control. Well, let's go down. This is your FK arm like that, the classics like this. This is locked to one rotation. You can probably find the channels and break it, but that's that. This here is you do biceps control. So you can rotate this like such. You have extra control is here. This is your, again, bicep shaper with all kinds of options in the channel. And the same thing here, this is for the elbow. This is your elbow out shaper. You can see this here. You can grab these are all separate ones. So if you do this, you can see these are the shapers on the arms. Kind of neat. That is your rotation for your wrist. And since that is being highlighted here, you can change to IK. So now I select this, you have that. There's no autoclavical. There's no autoclavical in the channel. Also, this is a full IK with the wrist following the IK control. And I always wish there was a controller that would change this. Yes, you have options here, head, chest, waist and a world for world space. But I wish there was a change in the wrist so that if I move this around, the wrist will be aligned with the forearm and not that many ricks have that. The majority don't. So this is not a, this is more for me a wish list. This is not really a criticism. But as you go back here, you have the fist scale. You can do this here. You have the up twist on that. You get the low twist on this stretch ability. So if I take this and stretch that arm, here you have your stretch ability like this. And of course, volume. It's all very cool on here. You have secondary controllers. As we know, they are the bamboos to do all of this. Turn these off. You have the elbow visibility. Same thing here. So you can grab this around and pin it. Turn this off. You have muscle visibility on off. So these are the extra controllers for the muscles.  Now, there is no read me. And to be honest, I checked things out and I don't know what that is. You can transit this around. You can rotate this around. And when you move this, it goes with it. But to be honest, again, I don't know if anybody has used this rig and knows what that is. I should know since I'm doing an overview, but I have not figured out yet what that does. Going here, you got your finger controls. This is moving. Everything is the master control, which you can scale the control, but not scale the fingers. Now, this has obviously the separate controls for the fingers. Similarly for the fingers, of course, you can select all of these three. And you have rotations like that, or you select the top. This is your master control for quick blocking. Very neat. I like that. This, of course, arms. So this will be on both sides. The same thing. Then let's go up here. You have controllers that are slightly the same color here. Check this out. And that is the neck control like this. Now, this has stretchability, volume or in the local world to change here. And then neck visibility, you can turn this on and you have more. So as you go in here, you can see it will do that. You can select this and it will do it from here and you select this and will rotate from here. You also have this controller here, which is the middle controller to reshape things. You have a top controller that has the pivot up there. And you can also translate like that. It won't stretch it out. And up here you have the flexi. So if you do this, this will be your boring, boring, boring. This will be your squash and stretch, which seems to be top only. Let me select this here to see what's going on. Ah, this is your chin. It's very sensitive in its movement. Be very careful as you move this. There's not that much leeway here. And then since we're right here, this is also your jaw control. Now you have lips collision on off. So if you take the jaw control and move up, you can see how this goes up. And if you do lips collision, no collision. You can see that change here as you do it like that. Then you turn it on. You can see it's a slight change in how that behaves. Now, since we're here, we have this wheel here. This is the face. So you have brows secondary. There's a ton of stuff here. So as you can go here into a very fast detail of moving things around, you have a browse in between. So you turn this on, you have it like that. And you can move it like this up like that. And I'm going to go one by one because there are a ton of details here. Then you have the eye main visibility. You have turned this off here. You have the eyes in between visibility. You have the FK to change that. So if you don't want the main control, you can move those eyes like this versus a separately like that or the main controller here like that, which also has local world space switch. So a ton of options here. You have the eyes auxiliary visibility. You can see this right here. So let's get a bit closer. And that gives you movements of the socket like this. You have this ring in here for the iris here and the pupil is very cool. And you have this also in the channel. So if you don't want to use controllers, always check the channel. The channel has all kinds of options here, like eye blink. So you do this for the lower blink bias and the auto eyelid closed. You have the cheeks. You can see here all kinds of options here to move this around. Flexibility is absolutely insane here. You have mouth secondary. Look at that. A ton of options here. You have the nose visibility, all kinds of things you can do here just for that. You can do the whole thing here. You can reshape that middle section and this section here. You have tongue secondary. So you have all the options in the tongue here for your controllers. And you have the main visibility. Bam, this does everything that you need to know. So you have on the side here, you have that to move around. You have your main shape for the eyebrows. You have this move here. So these are the main controls that you want to use. You want to use blinks like that. And again, you can see this here. You can also have rotations, reshape things. These are your main controllers for the mouth. So you're going to have lower lip control like that. Also with scale, you have the main scale in the channels here for your pressing and other needs. You have the main mouth control, you have separate controls. You have here the in-between control for the mouth. Then you got your corners to move out with nice deformations. You can go pretty far. It's very, very nice. So you can see a ton, a ton of options. Very, very cool. And just for that hair, you also have the hair options here. I'm selecting all of them. But technically you can move this around as well. Looking in the back, there's nothing here. You always have to check. You never know what's back there. The difference here is that this is IK and this is FK. Just in case you're wondering what this box is. This is your pole vector. That's that. Selecting this, you will see there's nothing in between that's hidden, but a ton, a ton of options. So if you select this here, and I'm going to go and turn everything on, you can see the complexity and the facial setup. So a lot that you can do with this ring. So here's something that I noticed that I thought I was being clever because I only had this visible. When I selected this, you can hide this, because then you don't have any dissections in the legs. This is actually not a separate mesh. So you can see here, this is all one piece. So just watch out. So the section issues, but that would be interesting if you could somehow cut this geometry up to fix this. You can smooth out the geometry. That will have a few less intersection points. But that's definitely something to look out for other than that, it's very easy to pose, especially in the face. Just for this is a very simple pose here, but just to drag the face around and the shape, it's really neat. I have to say it's nice and fast, it's very light. There's not a massively pushed pose. So feel free to check it out on your own as well to see how far you can push the pose and the rig until it breaks. But that's pretty cool. I'm a big fan of this. It's fun to have this kind of almost a short sniggery character here. Again, this is here with all the controllers on. So really neat. And there's already a ton of stuff in there. And since this is an ongoing project, I'm very curious what else they're going to introduce and add and fix. So keep an eye on that. I have, as always, the link in the description with all the download info and feel free to add something in the comments. If you have any questions, concerns, feel free to add the creators directly. But if there's anything that you want other people to know, something you figured out, feel free to post that in the comments. And that is that from me. I will say bye-bye until the next clip.


So establishing your due date is one of the most important things we do in a pregnancy. To figure out your due date, we usually ask about your periods, your cycle lengths, when your last period was, and we usually compare that to your first ultrasound. Based on those pieces of information, your provider should be able to give you a due date. The last menstrual period helps us figure out how far along in the pregnancy you are, and that's very important for things like genetic screening and time of delivery later. So the earlier that we can find out what your cycle was like and date your pregnancy based on that, the better. If you're unsure of the last menstrual period, or if you were taking birth control around the time you were potentially menstruating, we then frequently do a first trimester ultrasound or ultrasound early in the pregnancy to get really good dating. So those two tests done in combination give us the most accurate form of how far along a woman is.


Hey guys, Thunder E here and welcome to my very last gaming video of the year But the first gaming video for snapdragon 8 gen 2. Yes Qualcomm just announced it It's finally here. The first device is the vivo x90 pro plus This has the snapdragon 8 gen 2 We're gonna see how well it performs in this video gaming wise especially when we look at a Snapdragon 8 gen 1 device as a comparison to see what that leap is all about in terms of performance Now vivo has crafted devices really nice. I love the faux vegan leather on here I also like the fact that the case feels exactly like the back of the device So put it on this case here. It doesn't take it away from the aesthetics of the device You've got a quad camera setup here, which is pretty cool, but we're not talking about cameras in this video I'll attach some some images for you guys at the end to see what the cameras like but if you guys want a camera comparison with say the galaxy s 22 ultra all the pixel 7 pro let me know and I'll definitely do that for you now in terms of gaming hardware here as I mentioned Snapdragon 8 gen 2 we have up to 12 gigabytes of RAM can go up to 512 gigabytes of storage here Our display is a 6.78 inch AMOLED display 120 Hertz. There'll be vision HDL 10 plus Again, high refresh rate is pretty good and allows you to do more on this device. So What does that mean in terms of performance? Qualcomm talked about increased performance in terms of GPU and CPU, but what does that mean? First off, let us run a geek benchmark to see where the benchmarks land So for geek benchmark our single core is a thousand four hundred and seventy eight and our multicore is 5,110 that is quite impressive It seems like a high number, but what does that mean from last year with the snapdragon 8? Gen 1 so aka this year Well looking at the galaxy s 22 ultra its single core was 894 so basically that's way less than the single core for this agent to device and its multicore is 2,911 for the galaxy while the vivo x90 pro plus is 5,110 so again a huge jump in terms of just raw performance that we're seeing here on geek bench Which is pretty nice to see in terms of just Performance so the next thing of course is gaming. How does it fare when we play the games? We want to play now. Let me just put this caveat here guys None of these games are optimized for this chipset again It was just announced a month ago this device is just here Most of these games have not gone into any kind of at least adaptation for the new chipset But what kind of performance do we get so we're running? My favorite benchmark tool game bench and then I ran just three games for this and I also looked at the temperatures on This device now it's not indicative of the temperatures of the chipset It's just how this device is built games are called you the mobile PUBG mobile and of course Genshin impact So when we go ahead and we check of course called you mobile just to start we can run it at a very high Framerate and I ran two sessions on this game, and I got 90 frames per second CPU usage was 12% not much of CPU GPU is up to 40% and Around resource in terms of RAM so by and run 53 megabytes of RAM That is pretty nice in their frame rates also Stayed pretty steady. There were some times they dropped down, of course They average was more may around in the 80s, but still said pretty strong overall So that's actually pretty cool. Now PUBG mobile. What kind of performance do we actually see here with PUBG mobile playing that of course? Smooth extreme able to get a solid 60 frames a second, which is to be expected That's something that we tend to see 12% CPU usage 13% GPU usage, so which means it's not a lot of usage there So I'm sure they can be optimized to do more and RAM usage is 537 again, not a lot of usage here in terms of your CPU and GPU now playing at Ultra HD ultra we got 40 frames per second I didn't get any more information in terms of CPU GPU usage here But it ran steady at 40 frames, which was also solid. So again similar numbers that we had last year and that's not a big problem So what about Genshin impact now? Remember Genshin impact is a game that? Very few devices could run at 60 frames per second for 30 minutes. We've looked at the Galaxy S20 22 Ultra. We've looked at even the iPhone 14 Pro Max we've looked at the 1 plus 10 T which actually did pretty well This is usually reserved for your gaming phones that have of course a better cooling and consider a higher clock rate Constantly, but what about the Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 with the vivo X90 Pro Plus? so Genshin we played for 30 minutes and 10 seconds and We got 59 frames per second. Yes We got 59 frames per second on this device playing Genshin impact now in terms of research usage You could see here that CPU is up at 24% GPU was at 71% so a lot of high GPU usage, but not maxed out So which means we could definitely run at close to 60 frames per second which basically 59 Constantly for 30 minutes of gameplay, which is quite impressive RAM usage was quite high though at at 15 69 so about 1500 for RAM usage But this allowed us to stay at that effective frame rate quite well So I definitely liked seeing that here and this is not a gaming phone This is a phone that Vivo has built around the camera But it's running the Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 and that kind of gaming performance has me quite impressed now when it comes to temperatures The temperatures on this device. I got up to about a hundred and four degrees in terms of temps Which is actually pretty solid. I think they've done a good job to temperatures on also the chipset also adds to that 490 meter nanometer chipset That also does a good job in terms of cooling. We saw that improvement from the Snapdragon 8 plus Gen 1 So we're seeing that continue here with the 8 Gen 2 and again a huge leap from the 8 H Gen 1 that is pretty nice to see this temperatures and also give us what we've done the pretty good job with their cooling Internally to see what that means for other devices that are more gaming focus or even devices that are true gaming phones So something like the Galaxy S23 Ultra, which should be running the higher clock frequency device plus Once developers start optimizing their games for this new chipset We might see more fine-tuning performance maybe better research management and usage all around So I really like that now the other thing I just want to add here in terms of gaming is some of the gaming features That have been included in this device From Vivo Vivo has its game center its game hub where you have a couple of options here You have performance panel that allows you to go to boost mode to basically put a higher clock speed You can also Customize your refresh rate and of course your touch sampling at high Then you've got your game tools and the bunch of tools here for voice changer Blocking notification motion controls to put that in there your peripheral settings But nothing for an FPS counter and then we've got small window to bring it up your home screen as a window So again, that is pretty nice, and I'm glad that is there on this device now in terms of images As I mentioned, I'm not going to be talking about images in full detail in this video if you want to see more definitely go ahead and Leave your thoughts down below on if I should do a comparison with the S22 Ultra or the Pixel 7 Pro Now take a look at some of these images. Let me know what your thoughts are But in terms of gaming guys, what do you think of these numbers? These are quite impressive to me, especially for something that's not optimized. I am quite happy with that So guys, if you have any questions or any comments, let me know Otherwise, don't forget to like share subscribe and always enjoy your end


Hello, I'm Lucinda Nolan, the CEO of the CFA. I'm Joe Bifani, the Chief Officer from the Country Fire Authority. Tomorrow is International Volunteer Day. It's a day to promote the economic and social impact organisations and volunteers have at local, national and international levels. At CFA, we know volunteers can make all the difference. We want to say thank you to you, our 57,000 volunteers, for giving your time and energy to support your communities. It's a day to promote the economic and social impacts organisations and volunteers have at the local, national and international levels. In my first few weeks in the role, I've had the pleasure of visiting local brigades to see the great work you do first hand and seeing you operate in the field. We acknowledge the important and tireless efforts that you make in the roles that you play in shaping our nation through the spirit of volunteerism.