Great, many thanks to everyone for joining today. I think we'll kick things off. So first of all, thank you very much for joining this webinar, which will be a closeout for the data-driven electrification program that the IA has been doing in collaboration with Power Africa and USAID, as well as our partners at MIT. So while today, we will be mostly focusing on a new tool that is, if I do say so, quite cool to try and figure out the best ways to use GIS to map which regions of Africa remain unelectrified and what the likely demand of those buildings will be, I also want to give you a little bit of context in the broader program and what else we have done in the context of this. So this program has been a multi-year program that is really focused on how do we get better data around electrification. And I think that there's already a great foundation that we've been building on with really great survey work that has helped lay the foundations there. But we know that there are limits to that process, that those surveys are expensive and take five years between different surveys to be able to sort of re-up that data, and that there's an increasing focus on how to move faster and new technologies like off-grid systems that are really changing the equation on how we do this. And so this piece of work that we put together was really thinking about what are the different levers we have to give countries and investors and the development community a better sense of how things are changing in real time and being able to build these data sets with more granularity down to the household and building level to really understand and gauge progress. So I always like to say data work is frequently the work that is not necessarily the most glamorous. People don't love to fund it. People want to be thinking about projects and investment, but I do really view it as taking the vitamins or eating the vegetables that we need to to make sure everything else is functioning. And oftentimes some people say, well, data analysis is important, but it's far afield from making investments happen. This is a notion I think we really want to push back on and also in the context of this initiative, we are seeing that really the provision of data and the right types of data are absolutely essential to making or breaking some of these projects in terms of taking them over to bankability.  When different people are preparing financial plans for projects or expansions, they're trying to make sure that they're using credible data, incredible assumptions that have been backed by rigorous science and authorities that have vetted this data to make sure that they are being able to make a strong case that this is a credible project, incredible financial projections. So in many ways, having these benchmarks I think is absolutely essential to being able to make the business cases that the investment community feels competent in moving forward. So while this is sort of a stretch where there's many different pieces of the supply chain to get to there, I do want to draw that connection because I think it's really important for when people think about how this data is relevant to the real world and how these data foundations really help support the movement of more money to this critical and use of electrification in Africa. So what that is is sort of a big picture thing. I just want to say concretely what we've done in this. So one, the big focus first and foremost was to upgrade and provide a new guidance on how do we use supply side data sources in Africa to track progress on electricity access. So this is really saying each year how to make sure our utilities by region are providing information and data, net sense. This is how many connections we provided in what regions and what types of connections and ideally geodocating those as well. But also how do we work with mini-grid developers and off-grid systems and using their sales data and their permitting data to make sure we're getting a stronger base there. We did a ton of work with a lot of different African statistics divisions standing up this new supply side methodology and survey approach. And really we're already seeing reaping the benefits of that where people are getting more granular data, more detailed and timely data on this. And for the first time, the IEA was really able to actually parse out and provide an estimate at the continent-wide level on new connections each year by type of connection. And what we saw was that the revolution in solar and batteries and new business models around off-grid and solar systems meant that last year or actually in 2022 that half of the new connections were from off-grid systems in Africa. And this has been a big pivot where grid has really been dominating things historically, but we're seeing with the debt crisis and the slowdown in sort of utility revenues, we're seeing that model being facing strains and without sort of additional concessional support and that we might be shifting to a mode where we need to rely more on these off-grid approaches. So I think that's one area where we've seen this data work actually be able to produce really important outcomes that are really resonating at the top level when people are thinking about their strategies. And the second piece on this as well, is really trying to make sure we're working with different African stakeholders and using the GIS tools that are already out there. And today we've just launched a repository of all the GIS data sets and tools and ongoing projects in different African countries related to electrification that can be used. And so I really encourage practitioners to explore and use these and explore this data set and figure out what tools and data sets may be available in your country and can be used to greater effect. The last thing as well as we just had a, we ran a pretty comprehensive bootcamp training on some of these GIS foundations with our partners at Climate Compatible Growth, along with the World Bank, WRI and SE4ALL. And this was really a great way to make sure we got everyone in the room understanding what are the tools available and how do I, as a local practitioner in government, say what are the data sets I support? How do I stand those up? And how do I make sure that we are putting the best tools available to work for us in our electrification planning? And I think that brings us to the new tool today, which my colleague Darlin and our colleague Stephen from MIT will go through. But really this tool I think provides a first of its kind ability to one, at the building level really understand what buildings likely have electricity and which we don't. The number of times we've gone through this mapping in different countries where we've seen a community that we know with 80% certainty they have electricity today and 400 meters down the road a smaller outcropping that has no electricity access. These are very low hanging fruit ways in which companies can say grid companies, utilities, off-grid solutions can say these are easy customers to electrify. And I instead of having to go village to village to make this assessment, I can now sit at my computer at my desk, put together a customer acquisition strategy and plan and this will greatly reduce the cost of me finding these new customers. Additionally with this, we use they use the latest machine learning and AI algorithms to look at millions of different photos of these different buildings and look at their surroundings. And these clock on to small things like the pavement of roads, the density of buildings and all of these different signs that may signal their access to commercial markets, their ability to access additional employment that could help raise incomes. And this also comes a very important way to be able to target which buildings are gonna have the highest demand and also the higher ability to pay for higher amounts of electricity. So this really collectively, I think strengthens the business case for many companies to be able to use this tool, identify priority communities and then also think about with new business models with the right incentives and government backing how do we find ways to broach this challenge in further field communities as well. So I will leave that there, but just again thank you to our partners in Power Africa for laying this foundation. I think you'll see today as we go through this that this has not just applications to utilities and Oxford providers but it's gonna be useful for funders, philanthropies, local statisticians, people who are running these planning operations in governments. This data set I think is gonna be massively helpful for really taking electrification planning to the next level and making sure that, and the last thing I think I'll say here is the IEA stands ready along with our partners to work with other countries to extend this data set to your countries as well because we really do think this can be an instrumental move to really jumpstart the electrification process here. So with that, thank you again for joining and I'll hand it over to my colleague Darla. Perfect, thank you very much Dan. I think you should be able to see now the presentation chair. Good afternoon to everybody. My name is Darlan. I'm also in the IEA and of course I'm part of Dan's team and together with MIT and with the support of Power Africa, which is also together represented here. We've been developing this and implementing this project called Data Revenitification in Africa. I want to walk you through the rationale of this initiative and the agenda for today will be developed as follows. So we will start with overview of the status of access to electricity in Africa. We will then present a new data tool which is available right now on our website which is called GIS Catalog for Energy Planning in Africa. And then we will jump together with our colleague from MIT on the new model that we are also releasing today. And then of course there will be space for conclusions and Q&A that I invite you to post in the Q&A function of the Zoom webinar so that we can collect them and address them by the end of the webinar. So the first point as I said on the status as you can see, as I think this is non-use for all of you, we stand at a moment in which the population of Africa has been increasing quite a lot, I would say, in the past years and is currently the region which has the highest growth rate in terms of population year. You can see how was the trend in the past 23 years so from the beginning of the 21st century. And you can see how Africa's population as a total has almost doubled. This has created a situation in which access expansion has struggled to pace with this growing population. As you can see here with this aggregation in terms of access to electricity, you can see how there were huge improvement in terms of access to electricity because the population having access to electricity has been growing a lot, but you can see how the total number of people not having access to electricity across the continent as you didn't change so much and as actually increased by 100 million people in the last 23 years. There has been different trends across these two decades. First, we've seen from 2023, sorry, from 2013, the population not having access to electricity decrease even if not at the required rate, I would say, but it has been on a declining trend. What has happened is that from 2020, this trend has inverted for the first time since 2013 and of course as you might guess, this is a result of the impact of the pandemic and for the first time, the population in Africa not having access to electricity has been increasing. Last year, so in 2023, we've seen for the first time after the pandemic, this trend having an improvement even if modest, which again, despite being an improvement, is remain significantly below the progress required to achieve SDG 7. So as I said earlier, in terms of numbers, in the past 23 years, we've had 450 million people, so almost half a billion people that were able to gain access to electricity. So this is a huge improvement and is a testament of how good stakeholders in the continent have been working towards SDG 7, but we've also had, and as said earlier, one of the reasons is of course, this huge population increase, 100 million people more that don't have access to electricity. If we go down and we break down these numbers, depending on the type of region, we can see how people that today don't have access to electricity are four, like four out of five people that don't have access to electricity right now live in rural areas. This, if we go deeper and we also see the different trends in the different type of regions, we can see how in urban regions, electrification rates, as I was mentioning earlier, have surged significantly, but conversely, as you can see on the right hand side, the rural communities that most of the time, like absent only modest enhancements in electricity access, this of course has entered economic challenges and is related to the complexity of extending the grid to low density areas that are most of the time also partially populated and also have limited demand and purchase power. Additionally, the off-grid sector, which of course includes solutions like mini grids and solar arm systems, which would serve as viable alternatives in these kind of scenarios, have also faced their own set of challenges. And of course, I mean, this might not be new to the audience, but there are many reasons for this. The main are of course, unclear regulatory frameworks, and one that, as IEA and as Stan was anticipating earlier, the lack of clear information and reliable information for areas for which of course it's very difficult for countries and statistics office to have very detailed timely and also granular information on which the private sector in this case, when we talk about off-grid solutions can really develop strong business cases. As anticipated by Dan, again, off-grid systems are becoming increasingly crucial. Here you can see in the past years, at least the order of magnitude of the number of people that were gaining access to electricity per year in the continent. And we can see how this value is more or less between 20 and 30 million per year. But if we go, and this is really thanks to the support from our Africa that we're able to have such granularity in our last estimates, we can see how off-grid systems and in particular solar systems are becoming, as I said, increasingly crucial. And in 2022, alone solar systems, so both the smaller ones and the larger ones contributed to more than half of the access increases in sub-Saharan Africa to conclude this part. And as mentioned, this was like the improvements in terms of the granularity of the data that we are able to produce and also publish for the general public were done thanks to the contribution and the support from our Africa. The IEA has been the first, actually, to produce global database of electricity access information since the beginning of the century and is also one of the co-custodians of SDG7. So here, this is a portal that is available openly from our website in which you have the desegregation and the data and trends for both access to electricity and access to clean cooking. And as also mentioned earlier, we've been producing through this program this guidebook for improved electricity access statistics, which is a step-by-step guide to develop access to electricity indicators using supply-side data. Through this work, we've been interacting with and working actively with the statistics office in all the countries in the continent in order for them to gain the IEA expertise in terms of statistics and being able to report on a yearly basis with the highest granularity, at least for the time being possible, in terms of the access to electricity data. So while performing this, of course, this is the access part. We've highlighted how crucial it is to work on planning, especially on the electricity access side to attain SDG7 by the end of this decade, given that right now we are not on track to do this. So for this, we've also, we are also releasing today this new product that is the GIS catalog for energy planning in Africa. But for people that might not be familiar with what GIS is, which stands for Geographic Information System. A geographic information system is a technology that captures, stores, analyze and also present data with a very specific granularity, which is their position on the Earth's surface. So here, just also to flag this presentation, we'll be shared with all the attendees later on. So you will also have the possibility to reread it. But the key component of GIS are data input, data management, data analysis, and visualization. So this is the same for all kinds of data. This is nothing new. The new and the innovation that's in the peculiarity of GIS data and is that this data, often big data also have a geographical component and geographical attributes. So the IEA, as I said and through this program and in general through its work has conducted an extensive evaluation to understand the utilization of GIS in shaping electricity access strategies across the continent. These assessment involved interactions in that sometimes, interactions with the approach spectrum of stakeholders, including ministries, utilities, ratification agencies, and also partners in the private sector. And here you have a couple of the results of these interactions and also this aggregates some of the results from our interviews and surveys and also information from our partners from the World Bank through their Global Policy Support Platform, which is the rise of regulatory indicators for sustainable energy database. These examples, I think it's pretty obvious how GIS is already used a lot across the continent in planning and expanding electricity access and it demonstrates the critical role of geospatial analysis in helping the continent meeting its electrification goals already today and hopefully in the future. So during this assessment we've seen, of course, each of these countries have their own history of using GIS for planning with different scopes. But what we've seen is a lack of coordination, sometimes awareness of the available datasets and models and also sometimes lack of coordination in terms of which are the responsibilities in terms of like between the different stakeholders within a country. And for this, we've been basically collecting and doing like a comprehensive review of what are the available datasets in the sector right now for a GIS-based planning, what are the existing models and tools that can be used to perform GIS-based access planning and also a list of the institutions per country that work currently or are starting right now to integrate GIS within their operation for, of course, energy planning. So all of this is now contained in the IEA GIS catalog for energy planning that we are also releasing today, which is in our idea, I would say a one-stop shop and like a resource for GIS-driven planning for professionals across the continent or that work with the continent to have a comprehensive overview of what is available in the space right now in the sector right now to do GIS-based planning. So again, as I said, we will be sharing right after this webinar or the links and the material. This is a screenshot from our website, but as you can see this catalog right now has three sections, one for datasets, one for models and one per country. And you can see how you can filter all the datasets available by type of data. You have the possibility to, as I said, to see the models too and decide that can filter them by type of model you're looking for. And of course, also by country, we have a quick overview of what's the status of the GIS integration within their operation. And you also have an overview of what are the relevance stakeholders in each of these countries. And the possibility, of course, to also filter again those datasets and models that are present in the first two sections, specifically on the country you're interested in to see if there are datasets that are country-specific or models that are country-specific for the country you're interested in. And also, in case you... There are also datasets and models that are country-wide that, of course, can be applied to country-specific contexts and analysis. So this is a quick overview. Again, you will get all the links to access those resources. But as you've seen also in the model sections, there are many... Again, I went through all the participants of this webinar. And I know many of you are professionals in the GIS phase. So I'm pretty sure most of these won't be used. But I wanted to go through a bit some of the kind of applications that GIS is currently with which GIS is currently used across the continent to do planning. And of course, one of these is least cost electrification. So for people that might not know, what we do is overlay different type of GIS layers and basically with different resolutions. But let's say the idea is with as much as possible granularity being able to decide for different settlements, different contexts. So with this very context-specific approach to assess what's the best, so the least cost electrification technology among on-grid, off-grid, and sorry, among on-grid, mini-grid and central systems. And this is of course based on different types of layers of considerations like the distance from the existing transmission and distribution grids. There are resources available in terms of renewables and of course the energy demand in the location. This is an example from our Africa Energy Outdoor 22 in which we perform such an analysis at the continent level. And you can see how this resulted in this chart in which we can see very quickly that to achieve SG7 by 2023, these are the, this is the desegregation in terms of type of technologies that we think are the most suitable for each of these contexts, for each context in the continent that currently don't have access to electricity. And from this we can find out that at least 70% of people can gain access to electricity for the first time through renewable energy. One thing that specifically we decided to address with this project, and again, of course, this is one of the components that you will see in the Africa GS catalog. And but again, if many of you, as I know, are working on GS-based energy planning, they will know that demand, the demand estimation in an area really influences the result of at least cost electrification model. Why? Because if we have different demands, of course, the technical economic best like optimal solution from a technical and economic point of view will differ depending on what the local demand. So here you have an example, for instance, of three results in terms of least cost electrification, depending on different scenarios in terms of demand, low, medium, and high. Even if we don't go through the details here, you can see how in terms of like visually how the results of GS-based least cost electrification tools differ depending on how much demand we are anticipating to provide to each of the settlements and actually the population that live in this region. And imagine when we do it at the continent level. So the reason, and this is one point, so this is the importance of the demand part. The second thing is that during this assessment of available datasets models, et cetera, what we notice is that there is a lack of available datasets out there and models actually that allow detailed demand estimation. And that's why we decided to partner with MIT to address the specific gap in the sector. So I will leave now the floor to Steven, our colleague from MIT to walk us through what is the building level electricity access and demand estimation model. Up to you, Steven. Thanks, Darwin. It says I can't share because you're sharing. Yes, you should be able to do it now. Fantastic. Thank you all for your time today. I'm here to introduce our electricity access and demand layers and also our platform, Open Energy Maps. What we're doing is developing an open source state-of-the-art machine learning system that can scale to provide what we really think of as the most comprehensive and granular view of electricity access and demand possible. This is really aimed at aiding governments, utilities, planners, researchers, and so on. And we believe that we're really addressing a pretty significant set of data gaps. This data could be used, for instance, in planning. And as Darwin mentioned, how to design systems and choose different electrification supply technologies. Today, we're gonna start with three countries, Uganda, Ghana, and Senegal. But as we'll describe, actually all the remote sensing features that we use are actually available across the African continent and elsewhere across the globe, actually, so we can extend to other regions. So this is our website, openenergymaps.org. It's officially live now. And you can click Explore. And I come right to our kind of choose a maps page. You'll need to create an account and log in for your first time visiting the platform. And we can kind of move into the maps and see a description of what our platform is currently showing, but also some documentation that you can click on and read up on really what's going on under the hood here. And we wanna actually, I was thinking to start with our outputs very quickly. So we have different layers on the left panel. We have an electricity access layer and a demand layer. And let's just look at the access layer for now. So you can see we have a lot of dots covering Uganda currently. And as we zoom in, this will resolve and we end up seeing individual buildings and building footprints. What you're seeing right now is just the output of our models. We have all of our different building shapes covering the whole country. What we'll describe later on where that comes from. But what you're seeing here are different colors. And this is really sort of a heat map where the yellow color corresponds to higher likelihood of electricity access and more orange and red and purple colors correspond to lower likelihoods of access. And if we click on a given building, you can see actually a distribution that's being estimated for whether or not that building has access. This particular building has something like we think a 44% likelihood of having access. You can click that off and move to the demand layer. And actually we see the same buildings. But what we're seeing here is a different color scale. It's also a heat map. But for all the different buildings in our geography, we have estimated electricity demand in terms of kilowatt hours per month. And this rainbow color scale where blue implies lower consumption, lower demand and yellows, oranges and reds imply more and more demand. And as you can see, we can pan across our region of interest and see really the diversity of demand that's being estimated across this sort of spatial scale. So I'm gonna start by talking about these buildings. These have been really a game changer for us in how we've been able to do our research in the last couple of years. So these are just the buildings themselves without any layers added on. And they come from Google and Microsoft and they actually have computer vision models that scan all of Google Maps and Bing Maps imagery. And they actually outline the building, all the different buildings. And what we're doing is we're actually taking these two independent data sets and merging them together such that we have really what we think of as a very complete view of what should comprise most buildings in our countries of interest. And they're important because, well, we're estimating demand and access at the building level but also they provide what's called the primary key where we can actually relate other features of interest to these buildings. And you'll see each building has its own unique identifier that is that primary key with its own lat long description. So actually our two first features of interest that we compute are building density and building rooftop area. And the rooftop area comes directly from the data set itself. It's some simple geometry to compute that area. The building density is a little bit more complicated but really what it is is we draw a radius around a building and we count all of the nearby buildings inside of this local area. And this gives you a sense for the urbanization of a given building. And we actually have these calculations and all the features replicated for every building across all of our countries of interest. And what we do is so in addition to these density and rooftop area features, we add additional features and one key feature as has been introduced is high resolution satellite imagery. And this is now very globally available. What we do is we actually take a clip of a large mosaic imagery and we take really a tile that's directly overhead of our building of interest. And this will tell you a lot of things about, well, what's the local area look like? What does the building itself look like? It's rooftop, it's local roads and so on and so forth. And there's a lot of really rich information in that imagery itself. We actually also use another type of satellite imagery. This is nighttime lights imagery and our platform lets us zoom out and see Kampala and these different irradiance readings that are taken at night. And you can click around and see the different values that have been obtained.  And you might think the more brighter the area is, likely the more economic activity is happening locally and likely the higher the demand is. Our next feature is actually a layer called internet speeds. And what this is is an aggregation of different speed tests that people do when they're testing their internet connection and how fast it is. And one of the companies that does this Ucla actually aggregates this information and makes it publicly available at these grid cell levels of aggregation. And you can click on one of these grid cells and you can see things like average download speed, upload speed, so on and so forth. And the number of devices that have tests. And this is also a correlate for electricity demand and access and maybe access is pretty straightforward. If you have fixed internet connections, it's very likely you have electricity, it's required. But actually we have these layers for mobile as well. And also the idea is that you might think the higher the internet speed is and the more people who are testing for internet speed, the more affordability there is in that local region for higher demand as well. And lastly, we don't have it visualized here but we have this comprehensive land use dataset that we're using. So we're gonna go back to these buildings and it is that we really have a very rich description of each of these buildings. And what we do is we then map all of these buildings to whatever utility data, metered utility data that we can collect. And we have a lot of people to thank for that access to that data through the IEA and other contacts. And what we do and what our model does is try to learn relationships between all the different features that we talked about, the internet speeds, the nighttime lights, the satellite imagery and map these relationships to ultimately observed metered consumption data. And this is really where we think and we use the power of machine learning to learn a model that's capable of finding these relationships and that's also capable of being extended elsewhere to regions that actually we don't have that metered data where maybe there's no connections at all or maybe there's electricity connections but there's no metered data present or even in some cases where maybe someone in the world has that metered data but we don't as planners, we can still estimate that consumption and that access. And in the end what we get are the different layers that we talked about, the access layer here and this is in Kampala very electrified so that's not as interesting but we have the demand layer as well. And we have for all of these different buildings now what we think of as really key inputs to planning methodologies. So with this platform we make all of our different data sets available for download and the current view is hosted already and what we actually have is grid cells for all of our regions of interest and you can click on one of these grid cells, find a download link and this is a fairly dense area it might take a little while but you can see a GeoJSON file is being downloaded that's a pretty universal file type that can be used in many different GIS softwares and programming languages, et cetera. Now there's a couple of limitations to this work this is a really hard problem from a machine learning perspective to solve. Really there's an inherent lack of information it's hard to know with very high accuracy what's going on inside of a given building or household given just what we see from outside and what we're seeing from remote sensing features really you can't see what's happening inside of the households themselves and there's actually a lot of variability even in buildings that look identical to one another that might have the same exact remote characteristics. So what we do is we actually treat this problem probabilistically we say well we're not gonna say we know exactly the answer but we know maybe what the distribution for a given building may be given all the other observations of metered consumption that we've seen previously and that's what we're providing here we're providing this distribution and the way that this is read is that actually there's some likelihood that an entire range of consumption values may occur at this building or a range of demand values may characterize the building but maybe we can provide some one mean estimate and use that if we were to just give one value. Another challenge is that it's actually really difficult to generalize so we have a lot of our ground truth metered consumption data in East Africa and it's challenging to think well how well can you do in other areas if you don't actually have the ability to stick and have ground truth in other areas of the continent and lastly we have challenges due to class imbalance where you can imagine there's actually many, many more buildings that may look like this these lower demand buildings maybe they're rural or more suburban and we have relatively fewer very large consuming buildings and this just makes training machine learning models very challenging and is a source for error as well. So to conclude our machine learning model is able to learn relationships between we think of as a very rich characterization for most buildings on the continent and in the world and what we're actually looking for is to grow this platform we've spent a couple of years building this but we think it's also just the start of likely much more to come and we're looking for partnerships and resources and specifically high resolution data and that can help us really improve our results and otherwise thank you for tuning in I'd like to give thanks to the IEA Power Africa our collaborators at UMass and EGuide and of course our utility and government partners without whom we couldn't have built any of these systems. Thanks very much back to you darling Thank you Stephen let me share my screen again just to conclude So thank you very much Stephen I hope and I think actually it was very clear and just wanted to recap a bit the overall structure of the model and then we can finish with the conclusion so just to be like clear and summarizing you might know again nothing new for most of you I think that we might have three types of situations in Africa in a country we have buildings that don't have access to electricity we have buildings that have access to electricity but no meter or maybe they have a meter but it's not geolocated so we are not actually able to characterize those buildings in terms of consumption and then we have electricity access like building with access and meter data and fully geologated what we've done basically has been since we were able to collect with the partner utilities from the three pilot countries and partner countries that were in this project that were Ghana, Senegal and Uganda we are able to collect those information in terms of months so we know actually what's the demand of some of these buildings as mentioned by Stephen we have the building footprints for most of the buildings in those countries and what we've done has been basically to train this algorithm in characterizing each of these buildings based on this layer that Stephen has been describing to solve this problem which is how much is electricity consumption both for areas that don't have access to electricity so in this case we're talking about the needs for those buildings even if they don't have access to electricity right now in the future in case we had to electrify them so this helps the planning phase as you might guess but also for areas in which we have electricity but we don't have meter data so that we are able also to support utilities in understanding and characterizing even better their customer base and on a very granular in terms of geographical so going to the conclusions there are many potential applications as you might guess by this just wanted to go through some of these of course for decision makers I don't know something in my life decision makers funders in like doing decision making what we want to do is being able to enhance local planning capabilities so providing granular data to empower local statistic divisions and planning teams we want to support project development and project developers of course so that they can have more detailed data for business planning and then last but not least but this is where I will stop here in terms of policy and planning to the integration of course this is an input data most of the time for many of the tools that are available and the great tools that are available right now in the space so what we want is provide a new data set that could be integrated through these tools to have better understanding of where access to electricity like where access to electricity is and how much is the demand of those areas that lack access to electricity today and what's the consumption of those area that currently have access to electricity I would be a bit quick here just because in the interest of time and want to leave space for a Q&A but as many of you are GS professionals you might guess what are kind of GS analysis that you could do with this having for instance settlements polygon and aggregating those data from the building level to the cluster and settlement level so being able for the community level to say how many people have or don't have access to electricity and also characterize buildings and households and productive uses by type of level of electricity consumption what we've done in the case of the three countries that were partnered in this program was to apply this methodology for the entire country and here you can see the results and one of the most striking outcomes that we came out with is that areas that already have access to electricity are actually consuming less than they could most of the time the reasons are two one is affordability and the second one is reliability so the second message that we want to to convene also from this analysis is that it's really important yes to focus on providing access to electricity to unoccupied areas but it's also really important for utilities to focus on areas that currently already have access to electricity but might have either as I said affordability issues sorry affordability issues and reliability issues to really reinforce the grid and make sure that people that could already have the possibility to use this electricity also from for productive use could actually do it and could have 24-7 availability and of course afford that service so to conclude the target stakeholders for us here you have them here but it's all of you so government agencies, utilities, NGOs, researchers and local governments and of course also investment and financial institutions be able to prepare better and make better decision and better investments in terms of next steps we have two things the first thing and is the immediate one is the integration as I said of this model with the existing jazz based models and tools and collaboration with partners so we welcome the possibility to partner with many of you to actually apply this model and these results and integrate those into your models your analysis as Steven said all the data and the model actually will be openly available for download then you can already use them but feel free to contact us also in case you would be interested in further insights on those and the second thing and it's a bit more of the long term is the geographical scaling and the model enhancement so on one side as said, stated by Steven there is a lot of data in terms of input for the model to be trained and being able to differentiate between different areas and characterize them and having really lot of context specific results but this means that we need data from activities that are a comprehensive sample of all the type of geographies and specificities that we have within a country and of course across different countries and of course we will be also working together with our colleagues from MIT from with Steven in particular with the model enhancement because as you might guess and I'm pretty sure you will guess there are many features that we could include these starting from for example the type of buildings that somehow is embedded right now but could be also an input to the model itself so this is it, thank you very much for your attention and I think we go through some of the questions we have in our Q&A box right now and then we will conclude with some remarks also from our sponsor and partner from Power Africa thank you very much so feel free to put your questions in the Q&A box that we go through them right now and maybe answer some of them and also defer to Steven some of these but as I said after this webinar we will share all the materials with the link etc and in case there are some questions we won't be able to answer we will share them with the like share them and ask where we do so I see many of these questions actually were posted during the presentation and were basically answered one thing I see here is in terms of question which is related to the possibility to include new tools and models and datasets in the GS data catalog yes so feel free to send us an email to suggest if you have any dataset and model that you think is relevant here we will be more than happy to evaluate that and to include it in the GS catalog we will do it right now like right after the publication with a short-term update to include what we might have missed but then our goal is to have probably a six-month update of this data of this catalog to make sure that new initiatives, new models and new datasets are included in it yeah I think so looking at all the questions I think actually most of them have been answered by either myself or Steven and also in the interest of time I would prefer to leave the floor to Samsung to close with some remarks from Power Africa and then as I said we will collect all the questions answered to them and share them with the audience and also abroad their audience thank you very much it was a pleasure and Samsung over to you thank you thank you very much Darlene and thanks to everyone that admit time to attend this session on this work we've done together with the IEA as Power Africa our goal is to increase generation capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa as well as bring more connections and to increase generation you really need to understand what the demand profile looks like what's the existing infrastructure look like and how do you cry out proud in the necessary stakeholders to to build out and invest in this asset and this data-driven electrification program in Africa that we've supported with the IEA has really demonstrated the capabilities of the new tools that are available and as Darlene said there's nothing hidden under the sun and so far the sun can see it there's some level of details that could be just partially derived a popular code from the energy foregold says there's no industrialization that is not high that is low on energy consumption so and you could see some of this work has shown that a lot of the people that are getting connected are still on the low tiers of consumptions and how do we move them up as Power Africa we cannot do it alone we can only do it increase generation increase connection and also increase demand productively together with our partners and we are proud to have supported this work and thanks to the IEA and the stakeholders of MIT for doing this detailed level of work it's been a couple of years we've been working on this and I know we still have sort of many questions to answer but I think at this point we feel confident that this could go out in public and more importantly also to capacitate people in countries people that are making this decision making this data available and bringing the necessary capacity to do this modeling building of this data and really making insightful decision at the local level on where the right electrification should go the method technologies and the kind of access that that is desirable and building this over a couple of years with that I will stop not only myself but also have Pamela Chaukar together with me on this program and the whole Power Africa team thank you very much to the IEA and our stakeholders and that will be it from me over to you Dalit Thank you very much Samson so we are over with our time so I will use this last minute to thank first of all Power Africa for the support all the stakeholders with which we will be working through this program in particular from the three partner countries we had which were Ghana, Senegal and Uganda thank you for to MIT also of course for the support especially in the development of this building level electricity access and demand estimation model we will be sharing all the materials the presentation the links to all these pieces of work that we've been mentioning together with the documentation on how to use the different tools and thank you very much it was a pleasure and all great days thank you


This message is to all SCP Foundation personnel in the region. Pay close attention to this message. A collection of dangerous anomalous lifeforms are in your area, and must be avoided to ensure your safety.  Their faces are smooth, and they have a texture and durability similar to that of concrete. They are universally hostile, and will absorb any attack into themselves, growing in strength and power. These entities are believed to have originated from an alternative universe explored by the Foundation. The Foundation is working to return them to their origin point quickly meanwhile, civilians must be safeguarded. Do what you can to evacuate civilians from harm's way, and engage the entities own, if absolutely necessary. Be aware that, although they are comprised of absorbed civilians, the entities are beyond recovery, and should be terminated. Secure. Contain. Protect.


Could you please introduce yourself and your organization? Yes, my name is François Rancy. I'm the director of the Writers' Communication Bureau in the International Telecommunications Union. Thank you. Why do you think space is important? Well, space is important because it plays a growing role in almost every aspect of our lives today. Last year, the United Nations agreed on the 2030 agenda, which comprises 17 goals, which go from education and in poverty, women empowerment, governance. And if you look at each of these, and of course, sustainable development and clean water and clean energy, et cetera, if you look at all these 17 goals, you see that satellite systems, basically the result of the aerospace industry's efforts, are behind every one of these 17 goals. So this is how important the satellite industry has become to provide global positioning, global emergency responses, Earth monitoring, weather forecast, and infrastructure to access broadband internet and mobile systems. So can you tell us what is the link between the ITU and space? Yeah, the ITU is managing the basic resource that the space industry is using, which is spectrum and orbit resources. So this is of such importance for the satellite community that it really can only be managed from one single entity, and the ITU being part of the United Nations system is the place where this is done jointly by the 193 member states of the ITU, the 700 private members, and the 130 university academia. The way these resources manage is through regular world radio communication conferences. The last one was held just a few months ago at the end of 2015. And we are celebrating this year the 110th anniversary of the radio regulations, which are the basic regulations which regulate the use of these resources by all countries in the world. Thank you. So why do you think conferences such as the Global Conference on Space and Information Society are important? Well, this conference, at least 2016, is important in the sense that it is one of the only places where all the main stakeholders of the space industry can meet together and exchange views of how to shape the future of this industry to build, how to build a sustainable ecosystem for it so that it can serve the purpose that we would all like to see it. Thank you very much. Thank you.


All right, Lady, what is this? This is me making a tester for our iSquirtZ NeoPixel driver. So this is something that takes STEMI QT and external five volt powers. You can see five volt and ground external and it'll give you level shifted, NeoPixel output, great for chips that don't have NeoPixel drivers. This is a Metro M0 that's programming it. We use UPDI, only takes a few seconds and afterwards it beeps and this turns green and I know it's good to go. So the only thing left to do is I gotta drive off into the sunset.


Today we're going to be working with if then statements and trying to overcome the issue of the case-sensitiveness of the user input. So I'm sure there's more than one way to do this, but this is the way that I'm coming up with. So if we check in the script that we've been running, this is what we did in our last tutorial, and we're asking the user to input their name, and then we're checking to see if that name equals Chris or Jen. But our issue is, what if I type Chris with a lowercase k or Jen with a lowercase j? It's not going to recognize it, oh and by the way, I really should have quotations around this. It's one of those things that's not necessary, as you saw, it worked in the last tutorial, but it's a good idea to have them there, especially in case you have some sort of special character space, it will help prevent mistakes later on. But what we're going to do here is, when we're checking the value, we're going to either make what we're checking against all uppercase or all lowercase. So in this case I'll say Chris, and here I'll say Jen. And so what we're going to do is, well let me show you again, we'll run our script here, and if I type in Chris with lowercase k in this case, because we just changed it, it says hey buddy, but if we run the same thing, and I type Chris with a capital K, it says I don't know you. It's going back into our script here, if you watched a few tutorials back, we learned that we can change the representation of the name without changing the value of it by doing this, comma, comma. And that should take the variable of name and re-display it, or in this case recheck it as lowercase. So what we're doing is, we're taking the variable that we're getting from the user, which is their name, and instead of just checking that variable, we're going to say check that variable as all lowercase, and what we're doing that is instead of dollar sign and the variable name in this case, name, we're going to say dollar sign squiggly braces, and inside that squiggly brace, we're going to say the variable and then comma, comma, which as we learned in a previous tutorial will represent that variable as all lowercase. So we should be able to save that, and now we can run our script again. In this case, if I type in Chris with a capital K, it says hey, buddy. If I type in lowercase K, it says hey, buddy. If I type it in as, oops, Chris, it says hey, buddy. If I type it again as that, so as long as it has the letters, it doesn't matter on the K same or, and mainly because, completely because we used a different representation of the same variable. We're just, we're checking it instead of against the variable. We're checking it as the variable as all lowercase, and so you'll want to do that for each check you do. So the same will be true if I type in Jen. If I run it again and type in Jen all lowercase, if I run it again, and I type in Jen all uppercase, if I run it again, and I type in J, E, and N like that, it does it lowercase. So kind of a short tutorial, but just taking some things that we've learned in the past and showing you how if you just take the stuff you know that you've already learned, you can overcome some issues you may be having. So that is one way of solving our case-sensitiveness issue in this case, because you never know what the end user is going to input. They might type their name all lowercase, they might capitalize it, and you want to make sure that whatever the user inputs, you're going to do your best to predict what they're going to do, because you never know what they're going to do, so you want to try to cover all cases. So that is a quick look at how to check with an if statement if a name or other type of user input equals something regardless of the case of the string that you're checking, the variable that you're checking. So I thank you for watching. I hope you enjoyed this quick little tutorial. If you like these basic tutorials on shell scripts, be sure to like this video so that I know what you guys enjoy the most. If you also enjoy my tutorials, I put out a few every week. Be sure to subscribe so you don't miss any. Check out my website, filmsbychrist.com. It's Chris the K. There should be a link in the description, and that's just one place where I have my videos organized some way. You can pull up random videos. You can also check out my playlist on my YouTube channel, because I try to group everything into playlists to make it easier for you guys to find stuff, although I have a lot of videos, so it still could be difficult. Be sure to come in, join, hang out with us over in the IRC channel. If you go to my website and click on the help button, that will bring you to a web interface where you can just hang out with us, me and other viewers. You can also just use whatever IRC clients you want. We're on FreeNode, Pound, Filmsbychrist. Once again, Chris with a K. And I just hope that you have a great day.


This systematic review aimed to create a consensus exercise prescription, XRX, for healthy pregnant women using the frequency, intensity, time, and type FITT principle. The study found that only three out of nine societies provided a detailed, transparent description of their review process. The most common FITT recommendation was exercising most days of the week at moderate intensity for 30 minutes per session to accumulate 150 minutes per week, including aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises. All professional societies specified activities to avoid and aid included contraindications to exercise. This article was authored by Lauren R. Rudin, Leslie Dunn, Caitlin Lyons, and others.


Why are we not surprised lesson three? What we're gonna do today is we're gonna start just barely to learn Why math nerds find trig so useful it is but I would say I was gonna say by far One of the most useful branches of math So far we've learned how to name triangles a quick review It says fill in the appropriate name in the blank if that's my angle this side right here opposite adjacent or hypotenuse I'll use a letter H This side right here if this is my angle right here opposite adjacent or hypotenuse I'll symbol that with an O this side right here opposite adjacent or hypotenuse I'll symbolize that with what do you think? No, Q. Are you yeah? Okay, and a What if instead don't write this down Devin don't write this down What if instead I was talking about this angle with the hypotenuse change? Nope, would the adjacent change? Yeah, now it's the opposite and that would be the adjacent What if I was talking about this right angle here? I never will because as it turns out It's yucky Courtney opposite and hypotenuse are the same. We can't use a 90 degree angle We also I think noticed last day that 90 degrees doesn't even work for tangent. It caused our calculator to crash That's why So it says we've learned how to find a ratio given its angle or find the angle given its ratio Use a calculator. It says to find the following sign of 35 Try it on your calculator. This is also your way of making sure you're in the correct mode And you should get point five seven three five seven six four three six four blah blah blah I'll go point five seven Right Boston you got that okay Okay, find the cosine of 15 point nine six six and then see You'll notice here. We're going backwards Sydney here. I don't know the angle. So we're going in the opposite direction How do I go backwards and find the angle when they give me the trig ratio? second function or shift or inverse whatever that one is top left usually on your calculator three point one four five Seventy-two degrees seventy-two point four. Let's just go seventy-two degrees Now let's start to apply this what we're going to apply this to then is solving triangles and Then what we're eventually going to do is take those triangles and actually say look instead of a triangle on a piece of paper Let's pull this triangle from architecture and use it to solve something in a building or in a situation very useful How do we solve for triangles Jordan? There are three steps. The first step is label the sides Opposite adjacent hypotenuse The second step is to pick the trig ratio, but we had a handy-dandy acronym to help us remember which trig ratio went with which Does anybody remember that little handy-dandy nine-letter acronym Marcus? Let's write that here. S o h c a h t o a I will not give you that on a test I will expect you in this unit to know Somehow either through memorizing or through the acronym Sierra that sign is opposite over hypotenuse see it and that cosine is what over what? Over hypotenuse and tangent is what over what? Okay Easiest way to do it whenever you turn the page in your homework right so katala at the top of the page That'll be enough times to get it in your memory and when you get the test You know what the first thing you should do is at the top of the page Right so katala We are going to learn the cosine law and the sine law which are longer and yuckier those I will give you on the test I won't make you memorize those This yeah Yeah, and then we solve to solve. We're gonna almost always end up cross multiplying or If we're finding an angle We'll use that second function or shift or inverse button It takes way longer to say than to do now in our notes We're going to show every step Joe my physics 12s in all honesty I would hope that they could actually go straight to their calculator showing no work and write down right away that x equals Something and I say in their homework. I encourage them to on a test or a quiz Do I encourage them to show more work? Yeah, because if you do make a dumbest rake you want the part marks I will say that to you guys as well, but you might take you a while to get that good All right. Shea. They gave me this angle here opposite adjacent or hypotenuse Let's put an o right there. Let's put an o right there. Shea Adjacent or hypotenuse Now I see some teachers when they teach this in grade 10.  I think that's an unnecessary step. First of all, I'm not going to use it So why would I write something? I don't need that's wasted time and also to me? That's more confusing because now I think if I do that Shania, can you clearly see it's ONA? Where if I have That there you have to think oh this one's blank. I'm using these two. It's ONA. I think you just confused yourself So don't bother putting the H there. That's my preference Why is that so helpful? What letter Shania? What letter? Which trig function has the O and the a and nothing else in it? Let's write down tan What always goes next to the trig function the angle what always goes next to the trig function the angle Devon What always goes next to the trig function? Emily what always goes next to the trig function? Matt you know what always goes next to the trig function call me silly, but Jordan, you know what always goes next to the trig function What's the angle? Yep, Shania, what does the O and the a stand for what's the opposite side ah Over what's the adjacent side and we did these last class we said to solve these It's cross multiplying Can I stop writing the over one can we please just remember that it's there and that it is a fraction Is that okay? You can write the over one if you want to but I'm probably sometime in the next couple of days Gonna freak out and stop doing it. Is that a hand up? sorry over 18 Because the angle is 18 and I did a sloppy mistake didn't I? Jordan you get a candy later Now I cross multiply Cross multiply means go that times that equals that times that this is the easy one. What's one times x? Hmm x Equals what's 15 times tan 18 why that's 15 times tan 18? I just write it out is the x by itself Then we go straight to our calculator What's x? How big Would you get Jordan 4.87 anybody else? No, yes. No. Yeah 4.87 Now if you're not getting that Your calculator might be in the wrong mode. So if you went 15 Times tan 18 and you didn't get 4.87 now is your time to raise your hand and let me know And I'm looking in the back corner. Is it working? Okay, or not? I have no idea what you're saying. Sorry. I Think you're in the wrong mode to me pause for one second 4.87 solve for the missing side or angle. Okay This time Danielle the angle is up here The x opposite adjacent or hypotenuse I totally agree. Let's put an H there What about this three opposite or adjacent? Which one and convince me Opposite means facing opposite would be that guy Right right now you and I are opposite each other We're facing each other Adjacent means beside you and Matt are adjacent to each other Which by the way Danielle is how I remember it by the way Matt. I know that's the opposite side I'm not gonna label it. You know why cuz A and H makes it easier Danielle Which of these has the A and the H and nothing else in it? Cosine did you say cosine? You're right. Oh Let's write that down cosine Danielle what always goes next to the trig function What's the angle here good? equals and What is the ah? Stand for more specific in this triangle here three over what Yep, okay. I can see a few of you want me to put the over one. I will one more time I'll stop eventually here How do I solve this cross multiply? how What's three times one that I'm expecting you to do in your head Alex What's three times one and x times cos 56? I just write as x cos 56 Do a little better x than that Now here when I asked is the x by itself Jordan said yep Here when I ask is the x by itself is Jordan gonna say yep. No Jordan what else do I have on this side? Costs is not what we call it cost is like when you're sneezing or coughing cost cost Cosine or coasts. I'll take co-cosine What's happening between the x and right there adding subtracting multiplying or dividing if I don't write anything what did that always mean? So how will I move it over? Turns out x is gonna be three over cost of 56 Emily three divided by 56 cosine button equals Right try it please could be you need to learn how to use your calculator What do you get three divided by cosine the 56? You get five point three six four eight seven four nine five blah blah it goes on forever without repeating it Yes, so five point three six. I said if you're not sure two decimal places, it's pretty good Turn the page or next page over Okay This time they want me to find an angle You know how I know because there's an angle, but it's not a number. It's a variable. It's a Greek letter Alpha can you see our lowercase a comes from it in fact This is a Greek letter beta What letter comes from beta? Do you think and the word alphabet literally means in Greek a b Cs we say ABCs in English, but the word alphabet comes from the alpha beta. I Didn't know that yeah, and you learn something new your teenagers. You don't know much Finder here's my angle right here Opposite adjacent or hypotenuse. I totally agree adjacent or hypotenuse I Totally agree which trig I know I could label this one not gonna. It's blank. Which trig function has the o and the h in it Thank you for saying sign and not sin. It's a sin to say sin when you may not mean sign Binder what always goes next to the trig function the angle. What's the angle this time? That weird symbol. That's why I always say what always goes next to the trig function say the angle in this case the variable equals What over what so here's the question? How do I find the angle? This is not gonna be cross multiplying Now Binder said you divide it and then go shift. You know what we're in grade 11 Most you have good calculators. How many of you have a calculator that for this question here?  I am Okay, those you that have the cheaper calculators you're gonna have to go like this 11 divided by 12 equals and then shift sign That does that work? I hope you should get 66 point four four nine three five Yes Yeah, okay You're not the only one by the way. You're just the funnest one to pick up so I get Alpha equals 66 degrees usually if it's an angle if they don't say I go to the nearest degree because one degree is really really really small One degree is only about that much like point one degree. I don't even know if we can see it within a good Now it says all right Let's try it with some you know what I'm gonna cross out the word easy because word problems in general are difficult Let's try some applications When doing word problems remember What adults stand for draw the little picture first draw the picture then label ratio solve We're going to use two pieces of terminology Often we're going to talk about the angle of elevation. That's measured from the ground up That way and sometimes we'll talk about the angle of depression The angle of depression is measured From your eyes Downwards this way and the way I remember that she is I always think angle of Depression and when I'm depressed don't I look like this? My eyes go down right you said Elevation I can remember because elevator goes up so if a question ever talks about angle of elevation ground up angle of depression From wherever the person is standing downwards Example three five sorry an observer standing 3.5 meters away from a flagpole measures an angle of elevation of sixty to three degrees to the top of the pole find the height Dump What does Dump stand for Sydney? You know it's gonna appear in my trick picture What shape do you think is going to appear in almost every one of our pictures in the trigonometry section a? Triangle captain obvious.  I think this is my flagpole You can get fancier. You can put a little flag on there if you want to If you're artistic go ahead. I just rec diagrams if I try and go artistic Devon what are they asking me to find sorry Devon to the left. What are they asking me to find here find what? Okay, you said the height of the flagpole is that this side is that this side is that this side? Did they give me an angle anywhere and angles are pretty easy to spot because they have a degree symbol next to them Devon Is there it yet? What? Now what kind of an angle is it angle of elevation or angle of depression? That's from the ground up and I guess the person is standing like right here Here's the person This 3.5 meters away from the flagpole Here or here Slanty or the bottom bottom have you guys turned the page yet, or do you still have so katoa written on the previous page? Do you okay? Otherwise I would have said let's write it at the top of the page. We got so katoa there Let's label our triangle Marcus opposite adjacent to my pot news. I Agree how about here which trig function what I was doing at Newport Beach on Sunday Yes, what always goes next to the trig function? What's the angle here? Equals what over what Marcus? Good solve this on your own. I'll solve it up here. Let's see if we end up at the same spot. I got that I got that I'm frozen now. Whoo. Thank you. Am I right? I think yeah, two more were done by the way I believe if I recall my days of the year. I believe yesterday was international kite flying day Everyone was supposed to go fly a kite yesterday. So this question is very timely a kite is flown with 210 meters of string The angle of elevation of the kite is 61 degrees. How high is the kite? Joe, you know, I'm gonna do first dull What's that stand for? Okay There's my kite Boston. What's this question asking me to find? I think it's reasonable to say that yeah How high the height and I think we have probably Someone standing here Kind of like that. Is that okay? Did they give me an angle? Yeah, Joe. How big in the question. Did they give me an angle? Sorry Now is that an angle of elevation or angle of depression angle of elevation or angle of depression? So that's from the ground up. I think that means they're telling me put it there Erin can you read to me the first sentence for me kiddo? How much string? Where is the string of the kite this bottom one or this slanty one? I'm assuming you've all either flown or seen a kite be flown Bottom or slanty. How does the string of a kite go slanty? You know what? I think they want me to put the 210 right there You see how I was able to kind of reason my way there Is that okay Boston? Okay Erin let's keep going here a little bit this X opposite adjacent or hypotenuse. I totally agree This 210 adjacent or hypotenuse. I Totally agree. I'm gonna leave this bottom one blank. I don't want anyways Erin joy of my heart light of my life which trig function as an O and an H in it sign. Let's write that down What always goes next to the trig function? Equals what over what? Yep. Yep. Good find X you got a hundred eighty three point six seven It's a high kite. It's up there Almost two whole football fields Yeah, nothing. Sorry Sydney Wait for failure to get your adrenaline rushing about 30 seconds or so. Oh, that was a great look. He just gave Looks could kill a via corpse last one Example seven. Mr. Dewick is standing on an observation tower 30 meters above the ground. He's finally snapped He sees Ryan standing 120 meters away from the base of the tower Find the angle of depression. Mr. Dewick has mr. Ravel forgot to change that name. Mr. Dewick has to aim his nerf trademark Dark gun in order to hit Ryan. So So I'm standing on my observation tower and I've had enough I'm gonna finally snap and shoot someone named Ryan with my nerf dark gun. I Think about it. They want me to find the angle of depression.  I think this one is going to be from the top down That's why we call it the angle of depression Okay Simon, what are we gonna do first? Dolp you back with me now? Because I don't know where you were What does Dolp stand for Simon my friend? What is Dolp stand for Sierra? Let's draw a little picture There's the tower Yeah, how high did they tell me? 30 There's poor Ryan There's my triangle So we put the 30 on here. I Also see 120 says 120 meters away from the base of the tower Sam is it's 120 gonna go on the slanty part or the bottom part Sorry, I totally agree bottom Sam, what do they want me to find? Look up folks. They want me to find this angle here I Traditionally Courtney use Theta zero wearing a belt as my variable of choice for an angle But Courtney we have a problem. I have a triangle down here. My angle is up here Joe are you ready? Look up look up look up What letter? That angle will be the same and that's in my triangle. So even though they want me to find this Matt I'm gonna use alternate interior. I'm gonna find this all the geometry stuff is handy Yeah, it is actually that's the angle. I'm gonna use Taylor my child if that's my angle opposite adjacent to hypotenuse How about here which trig function what I was doing on Sunday in the beach. Yes Taylor what always goes next to the trig function? The angle what's the angle here? It's a variable theta Equals what over what? 30 over 120 by the way Can you guys see why I had to move my angle down to here because this angle here doesn't have any triangle going with it I do a tiny bit of geometry Okay Am I cross multiplying here? No, I'm finding an angle. How do I do that? And you may have to use brackets Mr. Dewick. Yes, Emily How do we show in our work that we've hit the shift button? Emily look up When I press the shift button My calculator puts a little negative one right after tan kind of like an exponent That's the symbol for hitting the shift button. I'm going inverse tangent of 30 over 20 inverse tangent of 30 over 20 And I get 14 degrees. I Get 14 degrees so Simon 14 degrees Of course, I'll add a little over Dad 14 degrees Wait good What's your homework? Hey, did you all just turn the page? What should you all right now be writing at the top of the page if you're in any way clever? Skip one number two Three a 3b 3c is good 3d is good 3f is good. I skipped e G is good. I skipped h J is good Okay You got lots of time finish the homework in class You


Mr. S. Iswaran, Minister and the Prime Minister of Singapore's Office, Second Minister for Home Affairs, and Second Minister for Trade and Industry. Mr. Masogos Sudkifli, Senior Minister of State for the Ministry of Home Affairs, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Mr. Koo Boon-Whee, Senior Deputy Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs. Mr. Juergen Stock, Interpol Executive Committee candidate for Secretary General and Vice President of the German Federal Crown Police, BK. Senior officials from Interpol and the Government of Singapore, representatives from international organizations, partners from the private sector, distinguished guests, colleagues from Interpol, ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Human history and evolution chart their own way. We individuals are mere instruments in their paths, striving to do what we think is best for a greater good. In the history of international law enforcement, this day marks a milestone. It resonates with the collective dedication of global police cooperation and making ours a safer world. Minister, representatives of the Singapore government, as Interpol's outgoing Secretary General, I consider it an absolute honor to accept this handover of the Interpol Global Complex for innovation from your nation. Singapore has catapulted itself from being a developing nation to a developed one in a matter of decades. Singapore frequently tops globalists as the best country to do business in and is regularly amidst top rankings of global education performance. Singapore also has a spotless reputation with one of the lowest corruption levels and lowest crime rates in the world. And of course, Singapore's police force is one of the finest in the world. In 2008, the World Witness Formula One cars zipping through the streets of Singapore at night. It was the first time an F1 Grand Pre-Race was held under the night sky. A year later, we're born our very first thoughts. Could this city-state be the place Interpol was looking for? Could it house a new global complex for innovation to complement our headquarters in France to help us better fight 21st century crime? Eventually, the answer was given by Interpol's member countries at our General Assembly in 2010. It was a resounding and unanimous yes. And it paved the way for establishing what was felt critically essential for the growing needs of law enforcement worldwide. Police are traditionally trained to protect citizens from harm, a harm that is visible or simply physical in nature. But the widening intersection of real and virtual lives challenges that very tradition. And hence, with the Interpol Global Complex for Innovation, or IGCI as we call it, Interpol wanted to establish a center dedicated to fighting cybercrime. We also believe that providing training to our member countries police forces in the face of new age criminalities must constitute a core component of IGCI. Since the inception of our capacity building and training program, Interpol has been proud to have already trained 50,000 officers globally in the last several years. But this journey has certainly not ended yet. Rather, with this handover ceremony, it begins. And soon next year, when Singapore celebrates half a century of its independence, IGCI will be inaugurated by my successor on April 13, 2015, truly symbolic of being part of this glorious nation's history. Exactly a hundred years ago, it was a city-state, Monaco, that hosted the first international criminal police Congress. History was created then, and history is being created right here, right now, yet again in another city-state, Singapore. Interpol takes immense pride, joy, and responsibility in accepting the keys to this building. But before doing so, I wish to say something. Thank you. While I'm not generally a believer in naming individuals when teamwork made something possible, on this occasion, unusual efforts compel me to do so. Thank you, Mr. Koo Boonwee, for your unyielding belief and relentless support to make the dream of IGCI become a reality. This day, this moment, simply could not have been possible without you. Thank you, Mr. Juergen-Stock, for being present here today to show your encouragement and support. All of Interpol, and I repeat, all of Interpol will give its unconditional support to you for your unanimous election as the next Secretary General of Interpol during our upcoming General Assembly. Those of us who know you, and so many of us do, know you can make us all proud by leading this organization in the coming years and make IGCI the institution we all dream it to become. Thank you, Mr. Noboro Nakatani, the first Executive Director of IGCI for spearheading IGCI's functioning. Thank you to Ms. Julia Viedma-Robles for leading the transition team. Thank you to Haksang Ang and Ansem Lopez for leading Singapore's efforts to build IGCI. I want to thank current and previous members of Interpol's executive committees, the IGCI Working Group, and all the member countries that have participated in it. Police forces from our member countries that have been seconding officers to work at IGCI. Your response has been simply overwhelming. Kaspersky Lab, Trend Micro, and NEC Corporation are private partners. Europol, the European Commission for extending its support through its European Cyber Crime Center. The IGCI's Transition Support Office for their unending dedication. To the first wave, and I really want to take a moment here, to the first wave of Interpol colleagues to work at IGCI for your courage, commitment, and determination to make this the great institution that it can become. Thank you. There are so many other Interpol colleagues and colleagues from Singapore whom I also wish to thank. But I must say one final big thank you, Mr. Minister. To the government institutions of Singapore, to the police, the people of Singapore, thank you for believing in Interpol and in the international policing community. I have an official clapper here who really claps loud, and I wanted to thank him more for clapping so loud. In closing, let me say first, let me just take a moment and recognize, because they have to be recognized, the architects that made this possible, the interior designers that made this possible from Triplen, CBG, all of you that made this possible, that make this structure a reality. I wanted to just thank you personally, because working with me has been difficult. I understand that, but the result is definitely worth it. So thank you as well. Our vision of a safer world cannot be realized overnight. It is to be reached bit by bit, milestone after milestone. In a constantly evolving world, this vision cannot be realized without what we believe is also in Interpol's DNA, innovation. Because in the words of Charles Darwin, it is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change that survives. Let history remember the Interpol Global Complex for Innovation as testimony to Interpol's ability to adapt to change while protecting citizens worldwide from crime, even as crime itself continues to evolve and remain invisible to us all, now and forever. Thank you very much.


Well, hello and welcome to what amounts to football heaven. It doesn't get a whole lot better than this. The conditions are utopian The sky is blue and the players are with us for a football match so widely and keenly anticipated Truly, this is Christine and the level of expectation and excitement is reflected in the smiling faces of the crowd They know it means so much and they also experienced between them a great sense of privilege at being able to attend this most special of games Truly, this is a remarkable stadium the Allianz Arena a symbol of cutting-edge technology and architectural perfection In game this between two very high quality sides a treat for everybody here Well on the face of it, Peter. We would appear to have high caliber meeting with Very little at stake But then you consider a chance for one or two of the fringe players Savaios really must have felt he had the measure of the keeper then but how wrong he was Played he needed to get that right and Ketia battles to win it back That's not gonna make it David Louise Just to point out Peter that the full backs are quite high and what do they try to achieve? Well, it's obviously a move to push The opposition wide men back and give them more to think about and here's Bearine That's a dursal Hostel to have a shot on target That's the result of every sense of the world the Sun is out and football has a Special place on this most idyllic of days a fixture ahead of us to which We've all been looking forward for so very very long and it means so very very much The scene could not be more beautiful a pitch looks terrific The players are ready to get started and we cannot wait for a contest that lies ahead We are in this super stadium for a super club truly one of the iconic buildings of 21st century sport the Allianz Arena Mouthwatering game this between two very high quality sides a trick for everybody here well on the face of it Peter We would appear to have high caliber meeting with Very little at stake But then you consider a chance for one or two of the fringe players to get a look in and this becomes a Big incentive it changes the dynamic So there's plenty at stake for them Which will do no harm to the energy levels and the overall conviction and hopefully the style of contest Oh, that's a sparkling save absolutely sparkling his reflexes were ultra sharp. Well played. He saw that coming The last snatch just to point out Peter that the full backs are quite high and what do they try to achieve? Well, it's obviously a move to push the opposition wide men back and give them more to think about


So we've got to start with Pablo, the dog, the style of the cover as it were, what was the thinking about getting a dog as big as that and a dog like Pablo? The reason I used to have a Rottweiler growing up, my partner has a Rottweiler, they're the dogs that we're most familiar with, they have a loving side, they also have a very protective side like most dogs, so that was kind of the thinking behind it and obviously he's gone off and been trained.


The difference between rich people and poor people is not this income. Like everybody thinks it's the rich people invest their money first before they spend any of their money, right? So the very first thing they do, whether that's, they get $1,000 a month or they get $20,000 a month, they take a portion of that money and reinvest it. Whether it's reinvesting in themselves and growing their skills or investing into markets that are going to make money on top of that money, but that's, they've trained themselves to do that even when they weren't making a lot of money. And then over time, they've acquired more skills, more experience. They've get, they've started to grow that in that inflow of cash. And then that's just growing it. But, but that's the real big difference between the rich and the poor is that the poor has that poor mindset.


A few minutes ago, President Obama gave his speech to the United Nations, and he expressed two main goals for United States foreign policy going forward. One was Iran's, what he described as Iran's, you know, pursuit of nuclear weapons, and the other was seeking peace between Israelis and Palestinians. So those are the, he's now expressed two main goals for U.S. diplomacy. He wants to resolve the issue with Iran's nuclear program. And later, your president is going to address the United Nations. And so we're asking our collars, like you, if you could stand at the United Nations, what would you tell the world? I would tell that we were very peaceful people, and you know, we love all people, especially myself. I said that I love everybody, and I want every country to be friends. And you know, from when the revolution happened in Iran, I was just seven. And all the, now I'm 42, and all the long years, I was just thinking that I was wondering why we are not friends with America. I really don't know. And I love to be friends with every country. As President Obama said, that was the last time the United States had relations with Iran. It was, you know, not since 1979. Now, he has said that he's directing Secretary of State John Kerry to work with the European Union and other countries to seek an agreement, a meaningful agreement with Iran over the nuclear issue. And it sounds like there may be some opportunities now with your new president, Rohani. What do you think? Do you think the time, from what you're hearing in the Iranian news, could this be a good time for better relations? I think so. Everybody here in Iran are very happy to have President Rohani, and we are very hopeful that he can do something for the people, for Iranian people, because of the sanctions we have very pressure, you know, a lot of pressure on people, especially, for example, in hospitals we don't have enough drug, in aircraft we don't have the mechanical, I don't know, the special tools for aircraft, you know? And lots of, lots of the factories now are closed because they don't have the, I don't know, the primary stop to do it, to do their job because of the sanctions. How do you think the country should be working together on the issue of Iran's nuclear program? You know, and I hope all of the problems in the future will be solved, and, but I don't know, but, you know, the problems are very, very simple to be solved.  And this is the problems government, and I think that isn't very, very, very difficult to solve. You know, it's interesting, like you're saying that the problems between Iran and the United States are very simple to solve. So if you could give your ideas to the world, how would you solve what you think is a simple problem? What are some of the basic steps to resolving this? Well, I think we have to connect with the government of America more than before. And we have to speak about our problems that we have common problems and that we have in Asia and or other relations, other regions. So that I think that's simple to be solved. And yeah, yeah. And for the United States, what would you recommend that that our government do? Yeah, yeah, yeah. I think our president, Ayatollah Rouhani, can solve the problems. And but now in our country, I think in the future will be will be good for us. And I think it doesn't matter. But we Iranians, people of Iran like to connect with America. So we're asking our callers, if you could speak to the United Nations, if you could speak to the world, what message would you like to send? OK, thank you for accepting my call. My message for those who attend this meeting. I just want to speak about the security, about the country, because we need to peace and security. Afghans people pass a three decades war. They need to peace. I just want from Obama and other people who are authorized to help to Afghans poor people. This is my message for them. Do you feel, you know, as the world shifts, changes its focus to other crises? Syria, Iran nuclear program, do you feel like Afghanistan is is receiving enough attention from the world? Yeah, I think from all words, people and presidents, that's the their attention is on Afghanistan. We are pleased from them. But our enemies, I think, Iran and Pakistan, they don't want us to live in a security place. So I don't like Pakistan and Iran because they don't want to live in a security. They sent Taliban class to bomb a site and kill our people, innocent people. So you feel like Afghanistan is receiving attention from Iran and Pakistan, but an unwanted attention. Are you worried about next year with the the Western forces pulling out? I know Canada is scheduled to pull out by the end of March, this coming March, the United States later in the year. Are you worried about that? Actually, I'm personally, I'm worried about that because I'm student. I will graduate this year from school. If the United Nations security or forces are from Afghanistan, I'm worried about it because Taliban will get government again if the international community went from Afghanistan. Is this an issue that you talk to your family and friends a lot about? I mean, how are you preparing for this? Actually, my classmates, my parents, my teachers usually talk every day about this when, well, on 2014 the international community will go from Afghanistan. All people, all Afghans worry about that, actually, because in some provinces Taliban are too controlled and just in Kabul we have a little bit of security, not in all countries across the country. We don't have any good security across the country. We just have a little bit of security in Kabul. If you had a chance to speak to the world leaders at the UN, what would your message be as an Iraqi? We are from Iraqi. The message is don't use the strength in Syria. Don't, I didn't like war because we tried the war in Iraq and it is not good. So you say we tried war in Iraq and it's not good? Yes. The result you don't feel was worth the... Or create a problem. So it should be... If a lot of people die in Iraq, it is to create or make the violence. The violence in Iraq, it is before the war. If you could stand up in front of the United Nations, what would you want to tell the world? Okay. First of all, I wouldn't like the war happen in the world. Just like, you know, in Egypt the accidents happen and I'm real sorry about this. And also I would like to help, to be able to help the refugees all over the world because you know, if you are healthy, if you have enough wealth, you should help the people who are poor and who have... I also would like to help the people who have such mentally disabled people or physically disabled people. And that's it, I think. I wish every people in the world maybe were pierced and never have tourism and maybe people live together and maybe stay behind in the leaf and hope we have a bright and future. So you wish everyone in the world peace and that there's no terrorism and that we all have a bright future. Yes. That's really good. What proposal or what would you suggest we do at an individual level and a country level to encourage peace? Yes, yes. Maybe President or Prime Minister pay more attention about the living of people, take care about infrastructure, about transportation and education, especially education. And hopefully every people can bridge the education to lift the high living.  And we hope Mr. Ban Ki-moon can, he's a wazerman and he can wazeman and we also, we hope to better... I don't know, but I'm not dead yet. That's great. Thank you so much.