ave to we don't want to wait for higher confirmation times so Satoshi in his initial bitcoin paper said that if the adversary is at maximum 10% we can and if we wait for a confirmation time of 6 blocks we can guarantee that the double spend attack will not happen with the probability of 0.99 so this is the threshold that we are aiming for another double spend attack is one form of a selfish mining attack there are many kinds of attacks that follow the same principle basically the adversary wants to create a private chain in order to get more rewards in some form or the other so whether it can be double spending some transactions or it can be like earning more block rewards or transaction fees so let's see how they do this in the double spend attack in the selfish mining attack so the green honest chain is represented by green and the red is the secret adversary chain so the adversary at any point of time just starts mining a secret chain and he waits for the honest chain to grow and it's just about to catch up he releases his private chain so all the miners will shift to his private chain and start mining on this and again he can keep doing this and keep gaining unfair rewards ideally we want his rewards if you own 10% of the network power then you should only be able to get 10% of the rewards but in this way he is fair share so we should also try to avoid such attacks and the most important metric to avoid these attacks is constant and steady chain growth the honest chain should continuously grow at a faster rate so that the adversary cannot catch up with his mining power so let's just summarize the issues of proof of work chains so although the target space controls the mean rate of solving proof of work puzzles in reality proof of work puzzles are found randomly so the blocks are appended to the chain in random wide intervals also blocks hold transactions and they are large in size therefore they have large propagation delays so this random arrival combined with the large delay results in some undecidable effects on the system like we just saw the chain does not grow in a uniform manner that a sudden increase in weight interspersed by long periods of time when the block remains of the same weight because the block arrival time is also quite large and because of all this you cannot resolve folks fast this loads chain stability and very high confirmation time so what has happened to tackle this problem in earlier work so there is always a tradeoff between performance and security so when performance is chosen that is we want to be able to make fast payments we want to be able to confirm blocks quickly this folks are a frequent phenomenon and this approach is taken so upon so when you have frequent blocks you basically are choosing small block interval so you have more frequent folks and at every fork when the focus result at least one branch is often and this should not be the case because every orphaned block you are wasting the proof of work power that was invested in it then securing the system so we don't want frequent folks if on the other hand if we choose security we choose a system with larger block levels so that means high confirmation times it makes it less practical it leads to high fork resolution times and even lower transaction throughput because the number of blocks in unit time is less and the transaction per block is fixed going out of the scale if we choose other works that have tried to solve this confirmation time problem they have gone for a completely new block chain structure so they have DAG based block chains so block may have more than one parent or hierarchies of block chains or even multiple parallel block chains these solutions like kind of lose the simple linear organization of blocks and cannot be an incremental solution to existing widely used block chains like bitcoin that have so much TVL locked in them so how do we scale how do we bring the best of security and performance when we talk about scaling there are two ways of scaling there is one is improving the transaction throughput that is you have more you can add more transactions in unit time to the blockchain and the second way of going about it is improving the confirmation time reducing the confirmation time of a single transaction or confirming more transactions in unit time so these are the two ways in which we can scale a blockchain and in this work we focus on the second way that is improving the confirmation time transaction throughput constant and without compromising on the security aspect so what do we mean by that so let's set some goals we want to reduce the confirmation time at a fixed transaction throughput we want to reduce the number of natural folks formed and at each each book we want to reduce the weight or friend we want to also if the in case of natural or adversity folks we want to remove them as quickly as possible to improve stain chain stability and we want to achieve all of this without with minor modifications to the existing architecture so that it benefits existing and even new proof of work block chains which may come in the future so intuitively we can see that the first and the third goal right in producing confirmation time and quickly resolving changed folks to improve chain stability if the honest chain grows at a fast steady and fast rate and this the second goal of reducing the number of folks can be improved if the propagation delays are improved and the weight or friend at each fork is lower so one of our solutions is called anchors and we'll see how they work so I want to introduce anchors here anchors are basically structures that are fast small and even compared to blocks they're essentially just block headers that are mined with less proof of work than blocks so what do I mean by that so again let's come back to our target diagram we have the set of all possible solutions here in this in this by chart the green sector represents all the valid solutions for blocks that is like I mentioned like first 40 bits of zero or sorry the blue sector represents the set of valid block solutions that is the set of first 40 bits of zeros the green sector represents the set of anchor solutions which are much easier to find than blocks so we can say that only the first 20 or first 10 should be zero or they shouldn't overlap so let's say the last 10 should be zeros so they are non overlapping set of solutions that are formed with the same puzzle but anchor solutions are much easier to find so they are more frequent than blocks so how they attach themselves to the blockchains are also fairly simple so this is a blockchain without anchors and the second represents a blockchain with anchors anchors are small structures as I just described and they attach themselves to each block on the blockchain and their mind that is their mind on top of an existing block anchors cannot be mined on themselves they cannot be formed their structure is very similar to the block structure they have a header and a body the header is pretty much same as what a block is but the body is void of any transactions except the coin based transaction which is used to identify the creator of the anchor but apart from that there are no transactions which make them significantly small in size so in bitcoin without the transactions which is the bulk of the block the anchor size would just be 264 bytes with the coin base transaction so since they are so small in size they are very fast to propagate across the network so let's see how anchors can help us achieve these goals because they are faster smaller and more frequent they are reusable solution and they cost no overheads and they cannot create books so how are anchors generated and used with the system let's take the example of minor Alice again minor Alice has a local view of the blockchain here and she is mining on the heaviest block known to her we notice that there are already some anchors on each of these blocks she's created a valid solution here and she wants to know if this solution is a valid solution she's created a block by collating all the transaction she wants to know if this is a valid solution so she's created the block like this and she's added the nonce value X here she checks whether she hashes this nonce header and checks whether it complies with the block target if it does not before moving on she checks the same nonce value for the anchor target and if it is a valid solution for the anchor target she can immediately publish add this structure as an anchor and broadcast it to the others in the network note that when she's broadcasting she will remove all the transactions here and the header will remain the same because that is what she has hashed to find the target and she will not change the values in the header so the proof of work difficulty would be for that of a block that she was trying to mine and the Merkel route would represent the hash with all the transactions in the body so in order for the receiver to verify that this header is indeed a valid for this solution she has to send the set of hashes also that will allow the receiver to verify this header so what has happened now is Alice can recalculate the weight of the blockchain so she has a set of blocks each block has a set of anchors so the weight of the blockchain would just be the weight some of the weight of all the blocks and some of the weight of all the anchors in each block so the weight of an anchor is basically alpha which is basically the inverse of the frequency in which we have anchors and blocks arrive for every block on average we set this puzzle such that anchors are 10 times easier to mine than blocks then its weight would be 10 times less of that of a block so now Barat has received Alice's entity and he doesn't know whether it is a valid solution or whether it is a block or an anchor so he would follow a similar procedure to find out whether it is a valid solution he can see the header and he will check if the nonce value X complies with the block target if not he would check the same nonce value if it complies with an anchor target and apart from this he also has to check whether this coin base belongs to this header so we have also received the transaction hash which is all the siblings of the Merkle tree that is there in the body so he would basically just combine the coin base and the transaction hash and hash it and check whether that value is the same as the Merkle root in the header and if it is it is a valid it is a valid anchor so now in addition if the addition of the new anchor creates a new heaviest chain in the tree of blocks that Barat has Barat would simply move to mining on top of the parent of the anchor which is the tip of the heaviest chain so I just briefly covered what anchors are so let's see why how anchors actually achieve the goals that we said earlier so to do that we built a reference implementation of bitcoin on a 210 node setup to benchmark the performance of bitcoin with anchors to bitcoin without anchors I'll briefly explain this network setup so we have about 36 virtual machines on our cloud and one machine is just for setup calculations logs and all of that the other 35 VMs have 6 bitcoin demons running in each VM so our experiments so we don't want to do proof of work because that is energy consuming and it's useless for experimentations so we have a script on each VM that will periodically generate at the set interval the required number of transactions to have healthy network flow and script to generate blocks and anchors also at the set interval every VM the path between every VM has a delay that is set to mimic some real world entities so how we do that is we took global ping statistics and for each VM we allotted a city to it all over across the globe so just a set of 20 is shown here but just for example so let's say that so each VM represents a city in the world and the network is created randomly by assigning every node to four to other nodes across VMs as its neighbors so this is how the internet functions so and we set the delays manually between each VM so let's say the delay between Sydney and London is set as 281.41 milliseconds so anchors being fixed small structures should have low broadcast latency so here's some maths to see why that is consider this delay model let's say the back let's take two nodes call them INJ the bandwidth between these nodes let's call it Cij and the speed of light delay between the nodes let's call it Dij so the total time required to transfer a message from a node i to a node j will be this expression shown here so in this model the first bit of the message will take will take about will take Dij time to travel across the network and the remaining chunk of the message will take the fraction by Cij to for it to reach the PRJ and then PRJ will validate it with KM so we'll assume that the verification time the validation time is proportional to the size of message so we've just put some proportionality constant here and M is the size of the message so if you see the total time is taken is directly proportional to the size of the message M right so now the total time to broadcast will be the sum of such delays on a pure level path from the origin to the destination till the last pure receives that message so due to the small size of anchors anchors will mainly consist of the speed of light delays and it will be much lower than what it is for blocks so we also experimentally verify this and to see size really matters we check the propagation times of blocks at different sizes and we can clearly see that block propagation time increases linearly as the block size increases so now let's add anchors to the system and see how propagation time is affected we see that with the inclusion of anchors the blue section represents the 95 percentile of the block propagation time and with the anchors we see that they take about half a second to propagate across the network till it reaches 95 percent of the nodes and the block propagation time with anchors is not significantly affected even with 10 anchors which is a really large number we see that it is block propagation time still is there within the range propagation time it would have had without anchors so we control that anchors well anchors work well with the system without creating significant bandwidth or latency overheads so let's come to resolving our goals let's go backwards this time so the goal 3 was to quickly resolve folks and improves change stability so now before we knew that we again come to the two views of the blockchains that we had earlier that is Alice and Bharath have their own views and people are divided in the network in choosing between Alice's and Bharath's chain so earlier we had to wait for Chandru to create the next block on the blockchain which could because of large block intervals could take a lot of time but now somebody if they just create an anchor on one of the chains there is this delta increase in the weight of one of the chains and immediately the network can move to one the heaviest chain so again explaining that same process so let's say there's a block B1 B0 and a fork has formed with block B1 and B2 so ideally to resolve this fork we would have had to wait for block B3 which comes at T0 plus 9 time but we know that anchors are produced faster and they're smaller in size which will make them reach the network much faster that is created at a much earlier stage on one of the blocks and the fork is resolved at T plus 6 instead of T plus 9 so we calculate the resolution time of forks between every minor difference when the time difference between the time the fork was realized on the chain and the time the next block or anchor came on that chain and effectively resolving the fork and we saw that with the inclusion of anchors the fork resolution time was much lower than without anchors zero represents without anchors case and with increase in frequency of anchors this rate just decreases so the hypothesis is proved that fork resolution times are significantly improved so our second goal was to reduce the number of forks and wait often by them so let's consider the scenario here there is a block B0 and a block B1 has been mined on top of it and let's say block B2 is also mined so when block B2 arrives it would have cost of work but what has happened is before block B2 has been generated and anchor was generated on B1 so the chain containing block B1 already has a slightly higher weight so even when block B2 arrives the network would just simply discard it because there exists a heavier chain so we look at the number of such scenarios from the logs of our experiment and calculate the percentage of the forks that we were able to prevent with anchors and again as we see obviously no forks were prevented when anchors are 0 but as a frequency of anchors increases we saw that higher number of forks were able to prevent higher number of forks effectively reducing the total number of forks in the system improving security switching from the experimentation side to theory for the final goal which is to reduce the confirmation time I'm just going to add a few notations over here we'll call delta B as the maximum delay for a block to reach everyone on the network and delta A is the maximum delay for anchors to reach everyone on the network but as explained experimentally and with our delay model we know that the delay for anchors is much less than the delay for blocks and we also introduced an iteration alpha earlier which is the weight of anchors over and it is basically 1 over A which is the frequency of anchors per block so we in our experiments in our theoretical experiment we say that this whole blockchain process is in time rounds and the probability of getting an honest block at any instant is probability G so there is a very famous paper by pass one of the earliest papers called analysis of the blockchain protocol in a synchronous network that talks about how the growth of a blockchain proof of work blockchain happens and pass found out that the lower bound honest growth rate that is regardless of any attacker in a partially synchronous network in a general adversary and regardless of what is happening in the network all honest chain all honest miners should grow by at least this much in unit that that is G by G delta V plus one so this is the amount in weight that all all honest chain should grow by so we did the same analysis for anchors and we saw that the honest growth rate by all minus regardless of what is happening in the network regardless of what the adversity is doing should be this amount so as you can see it is definitely higher than what it was before the first term is passed defined for blockchain without anchors and the first term is exactly this and what we just add on to it so we can say that the lower bound growth rate with anchors is much higher than the lower bound growth rate without anchors so anchors contribute to a better chain growth and this is important to achieve to help us achieve better chain stability and lower confirmation time and overall general security so let's recall the double spend attack that we saw earlier just to recall there is a transaction that has happened that is entered in block B1 it is accepted at block B6 and the the adversary is trying to minor chain to release this chain will be released after the block has been accepted so that all the miners will shift to this chain and he's free to double spend this transaction so if the honest lower bound rate is epsilon and the adversary upper bound this is the lower bound honest growth rate this is the upper bound adversary growth rate and if we assume that epsilon is greater than beta then as this K basically represents the number of confirmations or the number of block at which the confirmation should be accepted if epsilon is greater than beta and as K increases this probability of success of a double spend attack significantly decreases so with this analysis Nakamoto suggested K is equal to 6 to be the ideal number of time blocks we should wait but we want to know if anchors can help reduce this K is equal to 6 so we see that we can the dashed line represents the chance of a double spend attack without anchors at various adversary powers and of course when adversary owns 50% of the network he's short to 60 but we see that with the inclusion of anchors are just as equal to 2 the chance of the successful attack drops rapidly at the same K is equal to 6 the plots of K is equal to 3 without anchors aligns with K is equal to 6 without anchors this means that the confirmation time with anchors is half the confirmation time without anchors at the same security threshold so alternatively we can keep K is equal to 6 and enjoy a much greater security when we include anchors so here we can see that the goal of reducing confirmation time is also achieved so Nakamoto and many other researchers accepted K is equal to 6 as the standard block confirmation time but they did this analysis at a much earlier stage when they assumed that the maximum power that the adversary can control is 10% but now we have mining pools that vary between 17 to 23% so that analysis is no longer valid but they still wanted the probability of attacker success should be less than 0.001 right so we need to maintain that same security and bring the the confirmation time value more suited to the current times so that is one aspect but this probability of attack right it also significantly varies with the arrival of the 6th block we say that we need 6 block confirmation times and if the arrival of the blocks in the blockchain are 10 minutes apart then the 6th block would on average arrive at 60 minutes and it is shown in previous work that this is not always true the 6th block can even come much earlier or come much later so if we saw that the probability of the success varies by a factor of 2.6 with the delay in arrival of the 6th block by a mere 20 minutes than the expected 60 minute delay and by a factor of 12 when the 6th block arrives about an hour late and the expected 60 minutes so this is assuming that the attacker still controls 10% of the power so this graph shows that with the inclusion of anchors even with the so 60 minutes is the expected arrival even at 120 minutes we see that anchors probability of success is much lower than what the adversary would have had without anchors so that's it let's just summarize anchors were able to provide stability a steady weight addition to the chain they were 5 times faster than block propagation they were able to reduce the confirmation time by half without any security compromise they also served as a fast signaling mechanism in terms of in forks so that the forks were able to resolve quickly and the resolution time of forks decreased and they are a versatile solution because they piggyback on existing method of finding the proof for personal so we were able to achieve the three course so that brings me to my to the end of my talk I'll be happy to take questions thank you that was really informative I don't see any questions in the Q&A if anybody is having questions feel free to post it in the Q&A section I think what you can do always you can stay here for some time and if there are any questions in the Q&A you can pick them up thank you so much it was really informative thank you for joining us today thank you Nethi now I'll hand it over to Ritu for the next panel discussion sure, thank you so much I think this has been really great research and wonderfully taken up at least people who are not very technical even they can understand so it was very nice thank you so much Oviya and thank you Nithi for taking us through this one so I will quickly do a quick puzzle or a game or whatever you think of so I am going to give some names transparent supply chains maybe renewable energy trading carbon footprint tracking maybe sustainable agriculture or waste management talk about healthcare data exchange clinical trials does this anything make sense to you can you spot what I am talking about either cases keep listening we have blockchain beyond books we will talk about the real world application on the sustainability and the healthcare warm welcome again one yet another panel discussion and today we will talk about the exciting opportunity to explore how blockchain technology can really leverage or drive the positive change of two critical sectors one is sustainability the other is healthcare as we see facing a lot of complex challenges that demand quite an innovative solutions blockchain as we all know it offers a promising framework to address these challenges by enabling traceability, data integrity data privacy and the decentralized collaboration so let's talk about how blockchain can empower say for example patients enhance the data privacy or facilitate the secure sharing of medical information while maintaining the compliance and the regulation so we have again with us quite a distinguished panel of experts that are going to share their insights their experiences, their success stories something good some bad right beyond books is what we are going to do in this panel discussion and I encourage all of you to participate actively you know you can write your questions on the chat box and we will take it up by the end of this panel discussion alright so I will quickly brief out who are there on the panel today and I am very happy to be announcing their names and I will do a quick brief intro about who they are so all of us know we have Surabhi she is joining as co-founder of Dignify it's a full stack climate credit infrastructure on blockchain and she is a fintech professional with expertise in implementing sustainable credit transactions using frontier technologies like blockchain IoT, computer vision and remote sensing wow earlier in her career she has also executed more than 2 billion of structured credit transactions that's amazing Surabhi thank you so much for joining us we have Shilpa Sude joining as from HCL technologies she is into digital marketing solutions she is leading that and she has experience in digital transformation customer experience solution with a focus on marketing automation, customer data analytics and blockchain and she has been working in CDPs metaverses and blockchain thank you Shilpa for joining us next we have Srishti Srishti has been 17 years experience in technology as a technology sales leader she is an entrepreneur and she has worked as a director for settlement she has been featured as one of the most influential blockchain leaders last year 2022 and top women blockchain leader by international virtual summit women frontier in 2021 Srishti has been involved with startups as a chief revenue officer mentor, co-contributor and a program director so very happy to have you Srishti here on the panel thank you so much for taking our time pleasure thank you last but not the least is Hina Venugopal she is joining us at really very odd times thank you so much Hina for staying up that late or waking up that early thank you very much she is joining us as innovation strategy director she is at DTCC and she has immense experience on enterprise blockchain as she leads innovation strategy for project IN which at least I know of is a top 10 blockchain projects in Forbes rating rankings she has been an author she works very passionately on a lot of initiatives like she has been associated with metagen coin on harvard innovation president's challenge it was a semi-finalist protocol metaforest, metaversity classes, building sustainable communities and recycling carbon neutral elements so happy to have all of you here it's a privilege it's an honour to actually talk about this subject with all of you in doing wonderful in this area so let me just quickly start with what do you think are the positive impacts on sustainability efforts considering the kind of carbon emissions or increasing the sustainability transparency on the supply chain maybe Srishti you want to talk about that very quickly yeah sure I'd just like to share that blockchain technology is for the last few years I would say at least the last five years is offering new opportunities to improve the sustainability efforts with regard to improving the emission tracking and also the another way of course is that we are tokenising the environmental credits enabling marketplaces and all these efforts are not only innovating new models, segregating the silos the fragmented information which is there but also providing a transparency with respect to the auditability that the solution provides as well as the accountability for particularly for the organisations and corporates while they are claiming their sustainability claims for organisations and globally this has become important and it's in the purview of large organisations like even United Nations and credit registries like Vera and Gold Standard where this technology blockchain because of its inherent capabilities is being realised to improve the sustainability efforts so these are some of the areas of course where it's having impact but very recently of course also the impact is seen in the traceability of plastic productions also in reforestation efforts we had recently done one POC in Europe regarding that and also from the environmental assets wonderful that's quite quite an information to digest thank you Hina or Surabhi or Shilpa maybe any one of you who want to go next and talk about positive impact sure Srishti that was very comprehensive and you covered mostly all the points that was very brilliant and just before we start thank you for all the panellists it was very insightful and brilliant discussions to see a lot of women discussing and brainstorming brilliant solutions on blockchain so thank you for organising this so sustainability when you talk about sustainability and blockchain we all agree that climate change is real and urgent action is required immediately so one of the main applications in sustainability when you really talk about blockchain is traceability because everybody is interested in knowing about who made my address where did it come from or if I'm eating some food what ingredients are in this food we all want to know the trace of that from the farm to the table or to the consumer we all want to know the entire trace so for these moments of tracing from the farm to the consumer the only way to do it is to have a validated trustable chain and that is where the blockchain comes into because it has the trusted validated immutable transactions so it is immutable and what is the other advantage of being in blockchain because the data is a decentralized distributed ledger because the data is distributed consistently across all the required participants so those are the two main advantages why the traceability and auditability is important and how it is relevant on a blockchain that immutability due to the hashing and also the decentralized distribution the blockchain is helping us to create the traceability so when you talk about a sustainable fashion example just for everybody to understand so when you talk about address let's talk about a cotton shirt the cotton from a farm from the seed to the farmer the farmer the cotton is bailed into bail or module and the module will have an RFID and RFID will show the exact credentials and the format originated from what location the longitude latitude of that farm everything because when you talk about organic farming it is divided hecto wise and some farms can have mixed cultivation etc so that RFID that bail with the RFID will be transferred to the ginner where it removes the seed and then the ginning goes to the spinning so everywhere that RFID on the spinning the cotton processing is a global process that can go to some other country through a container so the container can have IoT and that data is again being tracked and then the IoT then goes to the vet processing the designing or the graphics and the garment protection itself and when you produce a garment or the apparel like you're having a digital tag or an NFC that's called a near field communication and that NFC is also again a tag which can be attached to the blockchain so the NFC NFC apparel which is a digital apparel will move to the retailer the wholesaler retailer and to the consumer and once it is in the consumer the token is being changed the ownership is being changed to the consumers name so you can see like the entire process from the seed from the farm to the consumer is being having a digital twin on the blockchain and that is how it is traced end-to-end right so that's like a wonderful process very efficient process and that is where the sustainable fashion is heading towards and there are a lot of blockchain solutions already which is already creating it and we are so in the future which is also a digital apparel company so we are working on that solution as well the other advantage which Srishti just touched on is also the NFT of trees or biodiversity so there are companies like Rebalance and when we like the Metogen Dow we have the Meta NFT trees where we were the semi-finalist for the Harvard Innovation Labs President's Challenge so basically we tokenize each tree and each tree in that farm is being observed by the satellite imagery and we will have each data once the tree is six feet it is tokenized and the data will be like what is the growth rate, what is the humidity, what is the temperature all the soil conditions are being traced by the satellite imagery and tracked with that blockchain NFC tag so again the near field communication NFC tags and NFC tags can be multiple types of NFC tags so depending on whether it's outside, whether it's washable whether it's on fabric all there are various kinds so that NFC tag again the data is stored on the blockchain it can be on polygon it can be any of those blockchains so that is those are the two and again biodiversity animals like elephants are excellent carbon sequestrators so elephants or whales there are many animals which are being biodiverse animals which are being traced by devices and they are on blockchain just so I know rebalance earth desktop there are many companies which which adds value to our sustainability and towards climate action and we all rely on blockchain so it's wonderful to discuss that yeah I completely you know agree with almost all the points which you have brought and you know if we take a look at the current scenario something without blockchain people I mean at least here in India you are giving more money to be organic but then there is no probability even though you are you don't know if it is going to I don't mind giving extra bucks but then are they really provable are they really being generated from the sustainable practices that's something which is really lacking that's a wonderful point Ritu yeah so on the blockchain itself you can have the validators or the certifiers like fair trade like the recycle recycling wrap there are many companies which are already certifiers on the blockchain itself so they can be validators and we can attach the certificates to that as well yeah certificates also could be something really I mean for sure so we can talk about it a bit more yeah number one so happy to be in this amongst in the company or such esteemed women in blockchain so it's really a very unique platform so congratulations to hybrid ledger India chapter Ritu and everybody else amazing initiative and very happy to be here and grateful to be able to talk in front of such esteemed set of women leaders I think both Srishti and Hina really covered it very well the only thing and the only perspective I think I want to bring in is here when you are trying to solve very very big problems like which is earth scale problem world size problem which requires various stakeholders who come on a platform and interact with each other in a trust less manner right so there are stakeholders like there are regulators then there are registries then there are national body then there are start-ups there are companies and there are individuals right and then you have scope 1 scope 2 scope 3 I mean there is some jargon but it's basically like a way to measure emissions in your supply chain correct so when you have to get so many parties on a platform not even on a platform but I would say that when so many parties need to collaborate with each other and work with each other and in a trust less manner there is no other platform other than blockchain which can actually successfully execute it so I will give an example for example we have started to see carbon tax come into picture right and it has started in Europe because they have a net zero target of 2030 very soon a lot of other countries will also have their own carbon taxes and border taxes being implemented so when Europe has come up with the C-Bam and it's known as carbon border that's just a mechanism wherein they want the importers in Europe to actually declare carbon emissions or presence of carbon in their supply chain from there where they are importing the good so basically how much carbon does a good have and if it has that much of carbon then you have to pay that much of tax so such kind of monetary implications have started to take place and it can be a very big implication on the financial services industry as well because it takes into account your P&L, your balance sheet, everything will go for a price so then we have such big problems and then we have financial issues coming in monetary penalties being put on companies for their emissions which are real penalties and loss of business otherwise then we would require such solutions wherein startups or companies can create such mechanism wherein in a trustless manner data can be traced as rightly pointed out by both Hina and Srishti it can be traced, it can be tracked, it can be immutably locked and we can have a network which can work together collaboratively to make it more useful so that's from my side Just like to add one thing here to what Surbhi is saying I think she has concluded it very well but I think this all initiation is coming from the fact that the global temperatures are rising and it's estimated that the temperature increase going to be somewhere around 2.7 degrees so it's like as per the Paris agreement also and now COP28 is also coming in December there is a global effort towards halfing the emissions and it's realized globally that this technology blockchain because of its capability can actually help innovate models which would help in monitoring the data usage and also auditing so I think that's why you know how we can monitor the load which is there and also the generation and the distribution of these environmental credits which are there Just to add one thing to it you know when you're measuring it's also as Surbhi mentioned you know the bodies that are measuring and the trust in those bodies because it's not just the manufacturer it's manufacture of multiple products coming together it's the supply chain providers it's the governments that are giving data and no report is actually at this point trust of whether those efforts have been actually met and blockchain provides that platform that data we are getting from is trustworthy it's transparent it can be analyzed and it can be used as a basis here or here to see whether we are moving in the right direction or not I think that's what blockchain does because there's so many providers not just government bodies but if you imagine manufacturing of one mobile phone there are just so many smaller components that go into it some are coming from some mines which might not have sustainable practices right they are coming from regions which have terrorist activity so to say we don't know where those smaller parts are coming from and I think these blockchain allows us to track whether every smallest part in a combined product that we are getting at the end of the day and then disposition of that product you know where did it end we manufacture it sustainably but did we dispose of it sustainably as well so that entire chain it's such a large chain I don't think one body or any kind of you know organization one organization can be responsible for it beautiful yeah I think we all agree on all the points you guys spoke of so maybe I want to talk about on the healthcare side so maybe Srishti you want to talk about how the blockchain technology can basically improve the accessibility say the security the kind of data privacy we need or the accuracy of the healthcare records patient care in general what do you think sure so I think healthcare has become very very important predominantly after the covid area where you know there's been a lot of interest and it's become a barrogate of governments particularly but I would start with mentioning here that in the current ecosystems in developing countries there is a limitation of how the assets are being managed and in the healthcare sector particularly the assets are very critical I mean the way their location the place and also the aspects of the serviceability and maintenance there have been instances in the covid area where in critical scenarios equipments even present were not locatable and traceable so that's one area where asset management needs to be interoperable among the ecosystem members and that needs to be very closely linked with the patient data and the electronic health records we did a similar BOC in one of the state governments in India where we deployed it was a consortium of around 7 hospitals which were having medical institutions as well as hospitals which were treating pro bono to citizens where we deployed a hospital the asset management over a blockchain system integrated with it an IHMS which is the patient care management system so that the entire data of the patient while it goes through clinical records any kind of clinical records is integrated for accessibility towards the doctors as well as even the usage of medicines another problem which was solved using this technology is also the fraud which was happening in those areas from the commercial aspects of pricing of the sale of the medicine so that was another problem that was solved so I think these are areas where a blockchain ecosystem can solve for benefits for operational benefits as well as also the patient data which is there and once this is interoperable between the government entities I think there will be larger benefits for even the patients as well as also from a perspective of clinical trials where this information can actually be used for R&D purposes and developments of other products which is actually a very complex area currently and a limitation where different stakeholders like the pharmaceuticals as well as the insurance providers are actually struggling to get credible authenticated data which can of course be validated by using maybe verifiable credentials or as a society there are different identity solutions available within a blockchain ecosystem and not only from an identity perspective but also from a consent perspective these benefits can be taken care of. Today even I have seen especially in the clinical trials the kids right the consent is not provided on trying the drugs and the parents are not brought in in the consent as well so I think that definitely you know really helps in the clinical trials as well as you also pointed out Shilpa you want to give it a try. So as Shristi clearly mentioned assets are very important given you know for countries like India or probably other countries where the limited resources in terms of the machines the operational technical sets that are needed even doctors for that matter who has expertise on certain areas the traceability of that knowledge is essential in cases you need some product someplace another is you know on the drug manufacturing side drug provenance what is the drug being administered are they expired not expired what's the whole chain maintained when they were being transported can they be given vaccinations are another important point how many vaccinations are available when they are administered so multiple use cases when it comes to not just patient health patient data site but also all healthcare assets including drugs because there are a lot of cases we've seen where expired vaccinations have been administered or in that case fake products or you know products which were just you know sailing in medical terms was administered or they had you know certain drugs mixes that are not allowed so there are a lot of these cases which and this is more prevalent in countries that manufacture because there's already manufacturing facilities and they're just distributed I think this blockchain allows us to track what's going in each of the drug that is being administered at the lowest level right it's that availability of that data to be checked by whoever is administering the drug and it takes away the control from you know certain parties or health inspectors to and check whether that chain was maintained so it gives the power back to the consumers essentially to know what they are taking when they are taking is it right or not absolutely I think I can't agree more on all the small nuances which you have you know touched Shilpa so what do we really think in terms of the kind of challenges or barriers we see when we start implementing these solutions say maybe on the sustainability or look at even the pure supply chain as we were talking and the kind of you know what I have seen at least at the initial side is it's more bigger a challenge to shift the mind I mean the mind shift is something which is a bigger challenge forget about the technological challenges or the capability of all of those so that's something which you know I feel what you what what do you guys think you know you want to try sure yeah the culture shift or the shift of mind as you said rightly Ritu is huge other than that like you know even the traceability tracking is one of the main advantage of blockchain what we talk about but the carbon footprint off blockchain itself is a huge issue right when you talk about mining and processing multiple copies of the same data at multiple validators and multiple miners you know it creates like so much of you know the data footprint or the carbon footprint by processing and data transfers so that's like a huge problem and it's a huge impact for the carbon footprint itself so you know when you talk about proof of work so many of our blockchains are moving from proof of work to proof of stake so for example after the COP 27 like many blockchain associations like Polygon of etc have formed the Ethereum climate platform and they all are moving towards that more sustainable practices and how can we make it a carbon neutral blockchain etc and also the zero knowledge validity proves also a batching transaction so when you talk about how can you really you know layer the transactions and first batch the transactions and then send only the batch transactions to the main chain or the EVM to process it so all of that helps us to make it much more efficient from the processing standpoint not just by the speed also by the CPU and the processing power so it reduces the carbon footprint itself so those are some of the initiatives which we are you know to overcome the challenge of the increased carbon footprint of the blockchain right so the other thing which you know is mainly one of the other challenges regulations or the lack of regulations so we are kind of like in the 1990s where internet was it is blockchain is kind of in the infancy still and you know how can we really add regulations and who are the real people like we are talking about when you talk about DAOs or decentralized autonomous organizations to really regulate a blockchain or a consortium like who are the members who are the key players how do we assign the voting rights all of that right all of those are still being you know brainstormed exactly I think one of the points I would definitely you know agree with you is on the way the technology also is evolving you know we have on proof of work and then we need to proof of stake we have you know Shanghai update coming in and all of those and then moving from optimistic rollups to ZK rollups which definitely you know really we are improving we are on the path and I would absolutely agree too we want to no great I absolutely agree with both Hina and you said I think the more we keep the user away from the technology whoever is either interacting with the application on giving data the more we can do that as builders the better success more successful we will be it should be I mean and not many people and not many companies are working towards it but keeping the user the technology away from the user they shouldn't be seeing what technology or what kind of architecture there is that should be the real that should bring a lot of adoption and success to the entire initiative and when we say about data recording data recording is still because you are recording data and these days there are so many technologies RFID somebody spoke about then you have IoT where directly data can be read so if the user is not interacting with the application in terms of feeding the data then the data directly goes to the block and it is recorded and it is not that big a challenge at that point of time as long as the user is not interacting but I mean as much as we say that users are required to come at some point of time and interact with the application say user ID or they want to fill in number of hours or anything at that point of time we need to make sure that the applications are built in such a manner such that technology doesn't come in between the real world that we want to do that is one thing the other thing is also challenges with respect to friction in things which are getting resolved gradually but in terms of wallets using wallets it's not everybody cannot use a wallet it's a challenge for example we were looking at a project in which we were to work with micro entrepreneurs women entrepreneurs in hinterlands of India and when we talk about that kind of a segment if you want them to open a wallet then the application is lost you cannot expect them to open a wallet so those kind of things in which we can solve for real challenges on the ground then other thing would be on our firm right I know that companies are trying to do and there are a lot of companies which are building for it but still there are a lot of other stakeholders involved as far as on our firms are concerned because each country has their own laws and regulations also which are built in so that's another addiction point wherein we are having an average user not interact with the LTLT application or a blockchain application that's where I see the challenge in terms of usability and obviously as already Hina pointed out that regulations is important having a uniform set of regulation wherein we know the borders if I know what border I have to build in it gives me a lot of flexibility to build if the border is not defined then it becomes very difficult for me and also for the users so I think these are the few things which I see as the I would like to add one thing here to what Surbhi is saying I think it's been covered really well by Hina and Surbhi but where I feel in my experience at face challenges is while we realize the potential the technology has but largely the impact can only come when there is a consortium in place and there is a governance around it so we already spoke about the challenges that we have with respect to the governance perspective but enabling consortium I think is one of the large challenges whether it is supply chain if you talk about even an upstream traceability for any product or if we talk about trade finance whether it's in a banking system or it's in a shipping industry where actually the benefit is directly having ROI impacts to double digits for industry folks but where are we stuck is again getting the consortium in place getting a governance in place so those I think are other big challenges when we talk about production rollouts in place this can of course also be associated with even KYC, CKYC efforts which are being done in consortium by different banks in different countries and it's being done in the countries also and last but not least I feel that like we said that we are in an infancy stage I think Hina mentioned that the maturity like I've been in blockchain now over three years particularly in India space and I started my interactions with clarifying that blockchain is not Bitcoin but so and now it's a stage where we are actually discussing there is a national blockchain strategy in India there is a national blockchain framework there is government rollout so I think the maturity has definitely increased we might not be at that level where maybe North America is or say Europe is but that maturity globally for the technology and the acceptances care but I think again the challenge here is there's a lot of work done by associations and by global think tanks in creating an awareness of the technology so that people understand the benefit at ground levels and then that really would help even in adoption like you know Hina mentioned because we also did one ground level root deployment in one of the states where it was a traceability solution for farmers so even in that for the farmer it was clear the question was where is the blockchain because it was like a mobile app or an android app which was given to them and the experience was similar to any other app so but they were wondering what is special about it because there was such a hula who about that this is something special and this is not there so I think what Hina mentioned is completely correct but I think these are the areas I think in the next few years we will be in a much much better position in rollouts. Yeah I think from Surabhi's point of view it should be a really successful implementation because as she was just mentioning people should not technology should not come in between technologies should actually help the users the next mile and you know when Surabhi you were talking I was also thinking about the kind of account abstraction which has been as a part of you know see like her challenges are like what because we were also like on-ramp off-ramp you know you have to convert fear into maybe Ethereum and then you have to get that arbitrage done so of course those are real-time tech challenges which the user would not even understand for talking yeah Hina you want to say something no I was just when she was talking about the conversion I was just thinking about the metaverse fashion week so my future it was like two months back so I was the one who was curating my collection and you know minting and adding it to the marketplace so the conversion of that Ethereum to the mana it was like very difficult and as Srishti was saying so for me it was difficult to do that so just talk about a normal user who doesn't even know what a wallet is we are very early and you know this is for sure this is kind of a mantra that we are extremely early and that's actually good thing also in one aspect right the more you can do you can see the entire journey also but at least I could see that interoperability in play there like you know when the gas business was very high on Ethereum chain Decent Reliant will ask me do you want to do one polygon do you want to go to mana or you know something like that so that interoperability was there that is the direction which we have to move forward more you know interoperability and combatability with different metaverses and different cryptos and all that alright yeah I completely I completely you know resonate with almost everything you guys are saying I've got so many points and just trying to in my mind and say it possibly so I'll quickly want to talk about maybe beyond sustainability or healthcare what other industries or areas do we see as having more potential in blockchain in terms of innovation in terms of adoption you know I think definitely finance for sure and you know I work with project I own so enhancing the settlement using blockchain and having that traceability and also the you know the amount of money and the efforts used for reconciliation is huge in any industry right so just talk about finance like it is the most you know impacted industry so blockchain really reduces the need for reconciliation because the same data consistent data stored across right so and also like with exploding amounts of multiple types of digital assets now right so and so many different payment rails like you know to talk about digital dollars and digital currency and every country having its own digital currency etc and cryptos right so all of that like you know the the landscape itself is changing so blockchain plays a very important role and if you're talking about instant atomic settlements or through various payment rails of CVDCs or cryptos etc and also like there is like this international settlement or the cross-border settlement so all of that once we have a good consortium and once we are moving in the direction successfully but once we have all that you know it will really blockchain will really be the solution which will be a good fit for the international cross-border instant settlements and all that in finance which we are looking forward to we are still in the infancy and the other thing I can think about is like you know the sovereign ID or the decentralized ID huge applications on real estate title healthcare even water management system right I'm sure all of you have to talk about many of those as well so so we we are still parking so I was just saying I completely agree finance I think it has been one of the leaders in blockchain they've been trying blockchain for a long time but besides that supply chain is another one all logistics supply chain I think and that's the backbone of all industries so essentially where blockchain is being used another one is you know government because the government spending the level the government is spending the collaboration that government needs I think government in itself has huge utilization in all efforts whether it will be you know their efforts in education their efforts nutrition programs their efforts in healthcare programs all government programs as I mentioned all programs government can usually benefit from blockchain adoption processes and the technology in itself then just to add another one is entertainment all the art that is getting produced all the content that is getting produced and authenticity of all of that and also to benefit the creator of it because it spreads digitally so I think blockchain gives a good backbone to all the entertainers no matter what type of art they are producing whether you know whether it's online or offline blockchain is good for individual creators big company creators all of them to ensure that they get the money of what they've been working on all right so to be completely agree global finance and global trade which why is the entire world that is as Heena said and financial services has so many use cases actually if we look at which industries when we ask that question then structurally if I look at this question then which are the industries which require multiple parties to come together and rely on a set of rules and a set of truth right number one question number two that wherein we need a single source of truth number third wherein there is traceability tracking etc is required and there is high operational inefficiency is built in if there is any industry wherein which is struggling with these four issues blockchain is the answer so obviously meaning anything in the capital markets if you look at the leakages are very high so ultimate cost to the user is high because leakages in the operational inefficiencies is very very high then your documentation the way parties share documentation and global trade it is it is a long way to go actually in a global trade scenario similarly I mean parallel to finance wherein there are clearing settlement and it bonds innumerable ways in which finance can be improved other than that I see welfare programs and also education wherein there can be very large scale impactful applications of blockchain so for example welfare programs of which are being distributed to a large set of people and we need to trace and track where actually the welfare purpose went to whom it went what was the end usage of fun if you want to track and trace them this would be a very good method and very good tool actually to bring that veracity into the process and second would be the education sector right from we are from a developing country and we know that primary education is one of the biggest problem in our country at this point of time so if you want to improve the status of primary education in the country wherein we include our gun body workers and also panchayats sent back to the process and then create an educational system which has some kind of a chain of truths built in wherein we know that a student has gone through what all processes what all curriculum has been already inducted where exactly that would really give a big fill in to the agitation sector so these are the two which I think in addition to the others we have already talked about. Yeah I think that's very well mentioned I think capital markets is a very big area where in the financial services whether it's the private debt or it's the public market and the tokenization market now is doubted to be a trillion dollar market which includes the securities as well as the real world assets that's a big very big use case and of course like Surbhi mentioned traceability for the charity and donations is another relevant use case which is being used also for the sharing of subsidies across government so we did a use case which was for subsidy distribution of 26 countries across Sharia compliant countries so that these are very very good use cases and I think Surbhi put it really well where she explained the complete decision tree of blockchain which industry blockchain makes now you know you were saying something you know I was just saying brilliant insights from Srishti and Surabhi and Shilpa agreed and I allowed the point of Surabhi on the education and the need of adding even the Anganwadi workers and you know all the entire process into the trustable system I think I'll hear back or something I read that even the prime minister had in some of the IITs had you know done the certificates he did an inauguration that you know the certificates would be available on blockchain and I think that part so of course so I'll come to the next question where we talk about what goal do you guys see on the governments and you know the regulatory bodies they play in promoting the adoption and the development of blockchain technology we touched upon few of them but not in so much of detail in you can take about almost any industry right and what policies of frameworks there we might be you know necessary to support this group yeah regulations are like you know very important when you talk about the global adoption right so without and we as we are saying we are in infancy a clear lack of regulations and many of the failures which we have already tasted you know just talk about FTX right so definitely the governance and regulations are the two areas where I would say we need to put a lot of focus if we need global adoption otherwise people are going to be scared away and it's not it is the right right thing to do we need some regulations but what is the regulations being this being a decentralized autonomous technology that is the principle behind it so we need to understand like what is the amount right balance or the sweet spot between the regulated and the decentralized you know world so definitely if you ask for an example like if you're talking about environmental footprint right like so you have already mandated the product environment footprint PEF for almost all the organizations across EU so when you talk about how to calculate that PEF and if it's on blockchain like who are the certifiers who are the validators what are the regulations which encompasses that entire footprint calculation right how is it being validated who validates it so all that regulations like for any blockchain project or a firm all of it should be on smart contracts or it should be all machine readable governance or it should be automated governance on smart contracts etcetera right so those are those are the main things which we can think about when you talk about blockchain governance from my point go ahead I just love these kind of discussions you know speak and give wonderful it's been a great session actually it's it's a lovely plan and this is my third time at hyper ledger India you guys make it actually and I think this has been one of the most enjoyable sessions for me so it's a lovely session that is there I should go ahead and I wanted to add something to that so what Hina mentioned is yes government essentially on the regulation side but government if you look at any technology that we've had so far the private sectors develop the technology the governments expand it and take it to the roots to the basic level and expand it and make it a technology of the masses that cannot be done without the governance help in any technology that we've seen so far whether it would be even internet digital technologies digital wallets that we are seeing everything had been there for a few years before it got to the masses and only government has the ability to do it the private can only do so much you know and so I think like you know we talked about digital certificates on blockchain right that is taking something to the masses people who have nothing to do with blockchain suddenly have their certificates or their licenses on blockchain so it's a familiarity that comes in and government can push adoption through their own programs and it becomes an everyday word for people who are walking down the street and that brings in more and more people working on blockchain because everybody is doing it that's the only way adoption goes forward if the government says yes blockchain is where you know I have 5 programs 20 programs running on blockchain and everyday programs which makes it everyday word right now blockchain for everybody is it's something half of the people don't even know besides bitcoin the others who know beyond bitcoin are the people who are fearful of it because of bitcoin and they know okay there's something but it's something you know high tech something that doesn't concern us at all right so I think the government bridges that gap so it brings it to the people and the people use it in everyday language it's like pay-tm I see it like pay-tm exactly yeah I just like to put a different perspective to this I think when we talk about blockchain technology there are currently two aspects of it one is the technology itself which is the underlying infrastructure for the different applications and the other is the digital asset part of it the digital asset part is where we have a policy framework in place where globally in countries US has a framework in place with SEC putting different rules in Europe also London also Australia also has a regulation VARA is there in UA which is the virtual asset regulated so I think that's one regulation policy which is very important from a digital asset perspective because as a benefit from an ROI perspective I think in the financial services or the tokenization area that is where there is maximum benefit or utility real-world utility for the end user whether it is an entrepreneur or it's enterprise or it's a government entity so that's an area where there's a lot of work to be done and there are so many policy makers and individual associations and entities and foundations working towards it but the other is the structural layer and at a government level specifically I can talk about India there is a lot of work which is being done by the government there is a national blockchain framework where there are nodes being set up which can be used by different states and centers it's a five-year program there is a blockchain as a service model and then there are going to be different production rollouts which has been done the government has laid out use cases for e-governance in particular land registry use cases have been done there have been use cases which have been done on seed traceability amongst different states e-voting has been done so this is just you know this is a case to highlight that the technology is here to stay the government is using it for different areas the government has an intention to integrate this with the services used at scale which is adhar a digilocker so there is an integration plan to use the blockchain infrastructure so it in itself is an indication of the power of the technology and once we have a framework of the digital asset in place I think there is no stopping and we I think it's going to be a different world I think and just I think there is time restrictions but there's also a lot of work which is being done on the standards part of it like there is WSPC working on that I'm also part of international token standard association which is a European organization where we are creating token standards so there is a lot of work which is being done in silos and I think maybe three years or five years down the line we might be in a very different position wonderful just to add I think I completely agree with the entire panel on these things because when you have to innovate you need to know the borders and if the borders are defined then your playbook becomes much much much more simple you know that what are the boundaries so I think the biggest the best thing that the government is doing is basically bringing up the sandboxes so your innovation sandboxes your regulatory sandboxes wherein you are given a room to experiment and innovate in a very trusted and in a very private environment and you can then understand the impact of your product on other users and other parts of the chain if you were to bring this product out in the market at this point of time so definitely sandboxes are a great way we are also part of one sandbox in Telangana government where we are also going through and understanding what impact our product will have once it comes live and open what are the kind of regulations it is touching and what are the barriers that we have to understand before we launch the product so I think these are very important things other than this I think from user perspective there are few things we need to make sure as builders number one is also data privacy norms, data localization norms, compliance and user consent right when we talk about open ledgers exactly what data can be open and available for everybody to interact with you are seeing that data who has access to that data what kind of nodes do we have does regulator operate a node or not so this becomes privacy kind of issues become very important when we are talking about application which have financial impact and user consent impact where in the personal data is being shared like your PID data PII data is being shared these are some of the things that is already being worked upon but while building we need to make sure that we comply with these regulations which are there and completely India is working working on it and we sent in fact reserve anchor is a body called reserve anchor innovation called RBIH which is actually part of the subsidiary of reserve anchor of India they came up with a paper on interoperability of distributed ledger technology and they laid out the entire concept that how exactly it can be built how various systems and chains can be interoperable within the network so there is a lot of work being done both at the regulatory level and also at the government level and I think over a period of time once we have more clarity gradually we should know about the play book that we are allowed to operate in so I think that's what I have to add on this there is a question on the chat so can we answer here for you we can answer here so I think for the regulation again it depends on the country what kind of regulations are we talking about but when we talk about these technology solutions we really need to understand these are composable solutions and right now at government level there has been a lot of work which is being done where even the regulations part of it are actually codified into the smart contracts and being made part of the ledgers so that's the power of the technology here with open source platforms like hyper ledger there the entire hyper ledger umbrella to support our technology pioneers to build solutions so I think a lot of the regulation work with respect to different use cases is being sorted out like that and there are a lot of red tech solutions being created to cater to that but from a policy perspective I think at least in India from a digital is that there is no timeline per se because the government per se does not believe in anything which is associated with the word crypto so I think for India particularly there is no timeline but you talk about UAE or Dubai I think Hina can talk about US I think the regulations are in place and you can innovate and create new applications as desired the SCC and also and Dubai all of them are in place wonderful I think I stop here and say a big thank you to all of you Srishti this is going to be my favorite also because I am acting with all of you and I had so many points to talk about and a lot of things were coming while you guys were talking and it is amazing and I am going to repeat again all these sessions or discussions they are the best when they ask you to think even when these discussions are over you have points to think about I think those are the best discussions and this is one of those thank you so much for taking out time each one of you and please stay back here for I will hand over to Deepika Thank you all so much I love the panel discussion thank you so much thanks Ritu that was very well moderated I think we have a few attendees we will just see if they are ready for a panel discussion I mean now a networking session Nidhi do we have you on the


Hello everybody, I'm able to arrive at where we're here on a set of Corsa, the ESC-8 EZ86.  So we'll be drifting here on the mountains with it. So make sure you follow me on all social media, which you can find on the description box below. Let's get to it. We're going to go full set here in the mountains. That's going to be almost fashioned in the wall off the rip. This car is super grippy, as you can see. So we're going to manage our flicks very carefully. Here's the left foot brake there we got. It was actually way more gentle than I thought it was going to be. Kind of using the car's weight to minimize the brake grabbing. It's a little left foot brake, a little handbrake there. Pulling it all the way out into the parking spot, so we don't hit the wall. A little lock up on the front brakes there. Not too terrible though. The car is like poor skier hero right now. Oh we're going to go on the dirt? Yep. Mis-anticipated that turn. Once these tires get really, really hot, which they're starting to, there's going to be a lot of less of grip. As you can see, already starting to get a little lost the grip in the front. Not too terrible though. We got this. Not the smoothest to that section. A little bit of straight here. Kind of a hard flick angle there. See if we can stretch this out. Left foot brake. A little bit of a wobble. Didn't want to wobble there. It kind of wobbled out. Could have been in fifth. I probably ran out of gear there. We're going to oscillate ourselves back and forth. I mean, kind of a backwards entry, but unintentional. Very sloppy backwards entry. I have no idea what happened there. It kind of came out of power. Pretty ebraker out there. Kind of utilizing left foot brake a lot. Probably should be in fifth gear. I think I'm over stretching my gear a little bit too much, which is causing the weird grip up situation that I'm experiencing. This car definitely not fully designed to do this type of driving. This is at the right setup for these types of tracks. I am on my base tune, so this is definitely not the right. Base saying to be running mountain roads. We can manage it to make it work. Oh, we're shooting that one. Grass is not friends, but man, it's just somewhat saved that. Don't know how I saved that. Kind of wobble that entry in. Fifth gear haul probably right here. That corner kind of was decreasing radius corner. Oh, there it was. I knew it was going to happen sooner or later. I knew we were going to crash at least once. But we got this. We didn't break anything really in the front end. You can tell definitely losing grip in the rear as we're smoking this in fifth gear right now. We're probably smoking in sixth. A little boggy. Fifth gear is definitely for sure in all the way down to the city. So definitely very interesting. And I'm going to go on top again. We're going to take a look at the replay. You guys can enjoy the sights out of this car ripping down the mountains here in the replay. So we're going to go take a look at that. Let's do it. Like I said, the E36 get a little bit of a change in styling. Definitely going with that fade is something I really kind of wanted to do for a while. Kind of a Rome sharpened tier-esque kind of with the fade. So we're going to be taking a look at this replay watching this first section, which was actually really flowy. That was a really nice line. Big ol' next level racing out the door. Big taking next level racing for me to support the channel. Lots of racing as well. Fawson. The car is just ripping through the mountain. The first section we were super smooth and super good.  Later on down the road. That would have been a sweet... That's a sweet view right there. Kind of dipping it into the parking lot section. Little bit of a lock up in the brakes. So if you guys want to keep seeing videos like this here on the channel, let me know down in the comment section down below. I'll leave you guys to watch the rest of this replay of the E36. Make sure you guys follow me on social media, I'll check out the description box below. As always, I thank you guys for coming back and watching. Videos are a little bit different recently because of my big move into my new studio style room and changing up everything like that. So videos are going to be coming back once I get fully settled in to the new location. So, as always, thank you guys for coming back and watching. I'm EvilRabbit. I'll see you guys on the track.


Yeah, but what time is it? It's time for the ebb and castello show We're on the air for ABC here in Hollywood. Well, what are we waiting for? Let's go with the ebb and castello show Hollywood tonight for your listening pleasure with Susan Miller in the music of Maddie Mallet hold on to your tears full for here They are but ebb and Lou Costello Where did you get that black eye a girl what happened? I popped the question if she popped me back Why did she pop you back wrong question? I? I tell you you've got to have more back bone with girls When you with a girl is hurt yourself. What do you mean?  I tried that what happened last week They pulled six girls out of the lake Don't take me for instance. I'm very popular with the girls. Oh, yeah, so you remember the girls at the Glendale laundry Yes, they voted you the guy they would most like to mangle That was mingle is not mangle, but remember castella back in Paterson and the girls got us to join the Paterson bowling and necking society Yes, we ought to go back there sometime and do a little bowling Well, I gotta leave you now, but I'm running for door catcher in Glendale. I've got a right out of speech You're running for public office.  I ran for state senator once but my opponent made a wonderful speech and promised every voter $6.00 $60 a month and he was elected three thousand to nothing Three thousand and nothing didn't you even vote for yourself heck? No, I wanted at $60 to Real laughs with our zamy stars tonight, but before they continue listen to this Fishing in the Los Angeles River. Oh, that's silly. If you catch any fish in that river, there'll be too old eat What do you mean? There's so little water in a Los Angeles River that the fish are seven years old before they learn to swim I'll never mind that I'll throw you in Hollywood. Yes, they buying a palette paint and brushes Are you thinking of becoming an artist? I am an artist have it and I've got a beautiful model It comes in my house every day. I'm painting her in a bathing suit, but she wants to quit why she wants me to put on more clothes Well, she started yesterday she came at nine o'clock I was painting her until three o'clock and at six she went home Wait a minute if you stopped painting her at three o'clock. Why did she stay until six?  Hi And boy is she a beautiful girl ever she six foot five the last night when she left I kissed a goodbye I'll wait a minute.  My brother put me up to it. I You waited you were painter. I don't think you ever painted in your life That's so well here is a picture. I drew of a railroad train. You drew this picture of the train All I see is the engine. Where's the train the engine draws a train Yeah Here's another sample of my work. It's a painting of my uncle Mike drinking a bottle of gin Wait a minute. All I see is an empty bottle. Where's your uncle Mike? How do you like that? He passed out of the picture Who's your odd teacher Lou I'm studying with Rembrandt you dope Rembrandt has been dead for 200 years I was wondering why he never charged me for any lessons Are there any other artists in your family well my uncle Jim Kelly is a very unusual painter He paints men and women. Well, what's unusual about that lots of artists paint men and women on doors, right?  I was thinking of that I was but I had that again. I said edge. You should learn to edge You've got to learn that certainly My little nephew Tony that's just all over he never took a lesson in his life No, no, no, he had a seven-year Real heart and did it in three. No, no Course you can do a lot of good etching in seven years. Oh sure But this is the etching is like engraving you you scratch on a copper plate I have to scratch on a copper plate. That's certainly why can I scratch word it? Forget about etching. Have you ever done any commercial paintings? Oh sure. I'm painting a calendar now here. Take a look at it That's a calendar. All I see is an unfinished picture of a beautiful girl. Where are the dates? I'll make those when I know the girl better You know the pain girls, why don't you try bathing beauties? I tried that habit those beauties won't let you bathe them Well, I gotta go now, but I gotta deal with my new girlfriend. She's a lady wrestler I think she's in love with me.  She bent me into the shape of a heart Run for your life run for your life quick boys run for your life. Well, what's the matter? Why should we run for our life? I just deliver them to the newsstand and I'd be so lost in a minute, right? That was that a step you folks Why don't you take them down at a brewery have it and see if they can't put her head on them? Don't worry about don't worry about nominees a very talented boy studying sing and when he finishes his course He'll there be another common Lomardo Must we have another common Lomardo Lombardo Lombardo all lay off him I tell her remember this is a free country right have it I always say that a man is entitled to life liberty in the pursuit of women. You're right No, no, no that's pursuit of happiness. You pursue what you like and I'll pursue what I love People have per Susan here is our singing star per Susan Miller.  All right is they work very hard They spend 12 hours a day in their office over a typewriter, and why is this script written in pool chalk? That's no way to introduce Susan Miller. Well, how would you introduce her Abbott? I would give it plenty of class for instance. Well here listen to this Ladies and gentlemen, we are very fortunate in having with us tonight a great singing star miss Susan Miller Miss Miller comes here to this program direct from a 40-week engagement in New York City on the Astor roof where she was laying tarpaper Lady Ladies and gentlemen this little girl Susan Miller is going places and if I had time I'd go with her For her selection tonight, she will sing that touching ballad mother stay away from that oatmeal salesman Or you'll let you have it in the mush During this number. She will be accompanied by Maddie Malek and his you can have them. I don't want them They're too flat for me orchestra During this number you will hear a feature solo by the band soloist Rudolph and his magic pressure cooker Pardon me. Hey Abbott, what's this game doing out here? Costello that's Susan Miller. Oh, yeah, come on Heard those remarks and I want to talk to you. You mean you want to talk to me Lou Costello in a flesh No, just the way you are will be all right Now what's the idea of telling people that I laid tarpaper on the roof of the Astor hotel you didn't certainly not it was a Biltmore hotel By the way Costello, I noticed you were out with another girl last night.  I don't know but she was very classy. I'll tell you who she was She's the girl that washes cars in the filling station across the street I wondered why she wore those rubber gloves with her evening gown Well, if you're going to go out with other girls and I'm going to start going out with other men that's telling him Susan You can get plenty of dates. I'll say I can why just this evening a handsome stranger walked up to me on the street And asked me for a date. Gee Susan. I hope you wouldn't go out with a total stranger.   I carry a revolver in my bag and I'm an expert pistol shot I studied jujitsu and I also carry a dagger and I'm a pretty good knife thrower Susan will you do me a favor? What?  What nerve? What gall? What studio?  Yes And you you quit worrying about getting girls in pictures and start worrying about this radio show Costello, I've got an idea that would really help this radio show. Uh, what is it? Well have jack benny on every week if we had jack benny on every week. They wouldn't need me You catch on fast So long pat so He had a good idea all comedians need help on the radio Bob hopes got colonna that he can I has the mad russian edga bergen's got charlie mccarthy Then there's harry james Well harry james isn't a comedian.  Where would you be without me? And where would you be without me? Where would you be without me? Well, we came out even on that one We can't have a joke after every line I Get some new ideas for this program. Hey, hey fellows. I got a I got a new idea Manny mellock, you keep on at us. Your job is to take care of the band. What's the matter with the band? I didn't say anything about the band. I like the band. You've got one of the finest bands in the lower priced field Hey castella, manny, what's the idea you have?  That's unsanitary Abbot malnick ain't got no talent. We're wasting time if you want some new ideas for this program Why don't we put my pal the drummer on now? There is a clever fella. All right, bring him up here Come here, Oliver. Do you call me? Yes, Abbot I want you to meet our drummer Oliver store cheese Oliver store cheese. That's a very odd name Well, that's only a stage name. What's his real name victor store cheese Well, what is he going to do seeing dance? Are you kidding? This guy is a real lovely He can pick a five-gallon jug of hard cider and one continuous drink without taking the jug away from his lips Oliver, you must be a very fond of cider. Yeah, well every time I see your apple. I want to squeeze it With me, it's a peach. Oh, you kid All right, just a second. Is this cider really hard hard go ahead Oliver show them hard enough, Abbot Now go ahead Oliver pull the cork Okay, I'm ready now. I will drink the five gallons without taking even one breath One gallon two gallons Three gallons and not a drop on his chin This guy's gonna scut themself Abbott he did it. How do you like that boy? This fellow is loaded with talent. He's got a little cider in him too Oliver the hell is a great sudden I'm sure that the radio audience must hear a few words from you say something Oliver Still to come but right now a change of pace to let you hear this I'm not worried about it. Abbot if the radio goes on a blink I can always go back to my old racket, you know, I used to be a sculptor the sculptor Yes, I used to make marble two-pays for ball-headed statues I understand you boys are looking for a new idea for your radio show and I have just what you need My name is Benny Rubin. Castello. This is Benny Rubin the famous Broadway comedian Doing out here in California, Benny. I came out here for my liver. What was your liver doing out here? Did you have a good trip from New York? Yeah, I came in by plane Though we nearly had an accident. We ran into a skyrider. Oh my goodness. Did you hurt the skyrider? No, we missed him, but we knocked the H out of honor's john Annoying the hostess when the plane landed in Kansas City, they kicked them off. Was the rest of the trip pleasant? I don't know. I took the bus in from Kansas City Stop this and pay attention Castello. Mr. Rubin is a great actor Uh, he wasn't he was in that picture of the naked city. That's right. I saw that picture in Boston, Rubin I didn't see you in it in Boston. They made us change the title. They called it the bathrobe city By the way, Rubin, I'm quite an actor myself. Did you see my last picture? I hope so It was a great picture and I'll prove it to you. Did anyone out there in the audience see the news hangs high? I did and I want to say that it was the finest picture that was ever shown in a theater in this country It was a great picture. It was a grand picture and your acting was superb. Thank you, sir Is there anything else you'd like to say? Yeah, louis mom said on the way home to buy some meat Get out of here. That's so popular You even have to bring your relatives in here for your radio show. That's not so these people love me They come in here because they want to see me. I'll prove it to you Is there anybody that don't want to see me act and wants to go home? I do Anybody else stop this nonsense castella Benny What would you suggest that we do to build up this radio show? Well, the best way to do it is to let the audience participate in the show. Well, I was thinking that if we What did you say? You should allow the audience to come up on stage and participate They wouldn't dare They haven't got the nerve That's a good idea that Benny had how would you suggest we we do this you know about this better Well, I'll tell you we'll invite some people up from the audience We'll get them to do some cute little stunts and then castello gives the money and prizes and everybody will be happy Now that sounds good castello people like to win things Oh, yes, I remember my aunt may was the first person to win prizes on a radio show She won mink coats diamond rings washing machines sets of dishes radios and everything And then she put all those things in her hope chest. That was 30 years ago. Did she get married? She never married but that was the start of the make company Hey boys, how about it? Shall we get some people up on the stage and get things coming? Hey, this sounds like fun, Benny. How about you, sir? Would you come up here? You sir? Hey, thank you, sir. Would you stand right here, please? Thank you Now, uh, what is your name harry brown and your occupation?  Do you what do you do for a living? I Wait a minute boys, let me handle this Now, uh, when the audience came in tonight, we gave our door prizes What did you get when you came in the studio tonight? Three wallets of top coat and a diamond bracelet No, no, sir. I didn't mean that. What did you get from our sponsor? Nothing. I didn't know where he was sitting I forget the question and let's get on with the show Uh, mr. Costello will ask you a simple question and if you don't answer it, mr.  What country too late you missed Sit down there for a minute and I'll think up a stunt field And here's our next contestant this young lady. Now. Uh, what is your name miss? Magnolia Randolph. Oh gosh, you're pretty Are you sure that's your right name magnolia randolph? Yeah And I have a gold identification bracelet on my ankle. It'll prove it. Here's oh my gold ankle is gone.  Brown Mr. Rubin will you take uh, mr.  Brown out on hollywood boulevard Now here is a big big basket of bricks Your stunt will be to break as many store windows as you can and get back here before the program is over Now in the bottom of the basket, you'll find a bomb You throw that through the window of the bank of america Are we three devils? Well, there goes mr. Brown with benny rubin Have fun boys have fun And now let's uh, let's get back to this young lady. Um, what do you do for a living? Well, I'm a dancing teacher. Oh, that's funny. My aunt armor's a dancing teacher She teaches the rumba but she's not working this week. Why not?    Oh, it's not much. That's what I like about it Brings out your eyes Mine too Is that a southern dress shown up? It certainly does How do you like hollywood miss? Oh, it must be just wonderful to live here in hollywood among all the big movie stars Sure is I live right next door to betty gravel That must be wonderful. Mm-hmm every morning betty gravel sings in her bathtub and this morning I stink right over close to her house. Yes, brother. Can she sing? I Now for this nonsense castella nummies I am going to ask you a question if you answer it Your stunt will be to kiss castella now. How many just me honey Wait a minute castello. I didn't ask her the question. I know but why wait till the last minute? Here's your question The tomb of the egyptian king tutt was built five thousand six hundred and forty two years ago What was the name of the foreman of the bricklayers? I think hard A night shift no, no, no wrong. He was on the day shift And you have to kiss castello for our next convention. Wait a minute Here comes mr. Brown the man who stunned The man who's done it was to throw the bricks through the winners on hollywood boulevard Hey, and don't forget the bomb in the bank of america, but he had fun Hey, look, he's got a cop with him. Yeah I caught this fellow doing the funniest thing He was throwing bricks through all the windows on hollywood boulevard He says he gave him this show Yes, officer. We did it for a stunt. He couldn't answer the question we gave him It serves him right you should have seen him He didn't miss breaking one window in six blocks Company Just lucky I I was sitting in my sport car castella kid show You can win over 20 thousand dollars in prizes including a five thousand dollar airplane a three thousand dollar automobile a live baby elephant A three thousand dollar house trailer and thousands of dollars more in big prizes You can win them all by entering this contest folks And at the same time you'll be doing your part to fight juvenile delinquency. It's really a worthwhile project folks So remember to tune in saturday morning. That's over abc saturday morning the abboton castello kid show You can hear it over most of the most of these same abc stations. See you saturday. See you next Wednesday night, too Good night, folks. Good night, everybody in paddison A great abboton castello show produced and transcribed in hollywood by charles vanda and featuring susan miller and matty malnick's orchestra This is michael roy saying goodbye until this same time next wednesday Be sure to stay tuned for the outstanding entertainment which follows throughout the evening on this abc station


If you really want to be in the lap of grace, what is needed from you is you walk like a devotee, not in pretension, not a pretentious devotee. As I said earlier, you do not know how this tree actually functions. You do not know how this blade of grass happens. You do not know how anything here is working. Do you know? No. So I want you to look at everything.  When you are so dumb, when you see a tree, if you see the mountain, the blade of grass, everything.  No, no, my body is also… that is fine. Your body is super. Your body is doing many things that you do not know. You as a person, what do you know? Do you know even what this blade of grass knows about life? You do not know. So I want you to look at everything, even a grain of sand. It knows lot more than you about life.  They were all here way before you and they know much more than you about life. So I want you to walk with a certain sense of wonder and devotion at everything. Just try this for the next twenty-four hours. It's all that's needed. This is not… this is all that is needed to open the doors of life that you do not think too much of yourself. You do not think something about you which is not true. Whatever you think about yourself is very untrue because when it comes to basic life, what this soil knows you do not know, isn't it? Yes? Generally in America they call soil dust, I mean dirt. What this dirt knows you do not know. Your brain cannot do what this soil is doing. Is it a fact? Hmm? Is it a fact?   Don't go like this because they are not simple. If you just walk like this, if you walk with devotion slowly, you will fall into the lap of grace. Without this, spiritual path is a damn hard thing to do. What I have been through, I don't want anybody to go through. That's why the effort.


Don't tell people to play hard to get. Let's find out why in debunked Versailles. Let's go. Back in 1973, five experiments were done with college age males. In every experiment, the participants confirmed they'd rather ask out someone who reciprocates their feelings rather than someone who flirts with everyone or no one. In 2015, another study was done with teenagers where they came to the same conclusion. Think about it.  Probably not. Earlier this year, another study was published where they found that their strategy will backfire. If you're pulling away too much, your crush may think that you're not interested at all and stop pursuing literally the opposite of your goal. So what did we learn? Ultimately, playing hard to get paints a false picture of yourself to others and tends to push away anyone you really want to shot with. So take a deep breath and let them know you like them. It may work better than you think.