This is Julie Gardner Robinson and I'd like to welcome you to the Wednesday weekly webinar and our guest presenter today is Todd Weinman. He's an extension agent in agriculture and natural resources and he's located in Fargo in the Cass County Extension Service office. I want to remind you we have some upcoming webinars every Wednesday at this time through April 27th. Please go ahead and sign up if you haven't done so. I know I've been sending out a few direct links but that way you will get the reminder notes and so on. Next week, Tom Kelb will be joining us and he will talk about ten steps to a fantastic garden and also an introduction to square foot gardening. So that should be a very interesting session as well. Just a couple logistics. Everyone will be in the listening mode but please go ahead and type your questions in the chat pod. That's right to the left of your screen and I think most of you have found that. And Scott is sending us a little note so check out what Scott is writing. At the end of the webinar we will answer all the or take all the questions and provide you with answers and finally I will have a short survey at the end of the webinar and that links directly to an online survey. It will only take you a couple of minutes, I promise. This is very short but this project was funded by a grant so I'm asking you if you would please go ahead and fill that out because I need to provide information back to the funder. And we will be continuing to add more resources to our brand new field of fork website. So keep checking that out. There will be all sorts of things that hopefully will help you as well as links to entrepreneurial type resources. So again we have Todd joining us. His topic is using high tunnels to extend the growing season. And Todd is a horticulturalist in agriculture and natural resources and he has a special interest in high tunnels and I'm happy that Todd is joining us. So take it away Todd. Thank you Julie for that nice introduction and thank you everyone for coming. I know there are some other events going on at the same time today but thank you for coming to this. I'd also like to thank Terry Minich for a lot of the slides and help with putting this together. He's a University of Minnesota professor, quite excellent in high tunnels. Some of the high tunnel research sites in Minnesota go through that. We really don't have a lot of them here in North Dakota. I know that I'm going to leave out in Batno and some here in Fargo a little bit and there's also some people that are doing it privately for themselves, little CSA or consumer support agriculture type operations. As far as research, there really hasn't been a lot of it done here in North Dakota and so I have a lot of information here from Minnesota where they've done quite a bit more of it. What are high tunnels? A lot of times people will see a greenhouse or a high tunnel and think they're the same thing. They are not and through this talk I'm going to go through basically some of the differences and what makes one or the other. And as you go up into the world you'll notice that sometimes there's even combinations of the two but usually one person will be either one or the other. One thing with high tunnels is that they are somewhat of an intense growing type of an area and people have gone up to three zones earlier or later and eliminate considerable risk. Here in North Dakota we've gotten two weeks average in the spring and two weeks in the fall. So basically we have an extra month of growing on average which is basically to say it's huge. We can grow plants that we can't ordinarily grow or we can get tomatoes harvested two weeks earlier than we would have otherwise and that's very important when you have a business that relies on that. They resemble greenhouses in appearance only. A lot of times people will have in a greenhouse they'll have some of their supplemental source of heat or if it gets like a frost or what have you or you just want to crank up the heat and have it go through all winter. Also in high tunnels there's no real fans or tubes are forced to air. There are vents and I'll have some pictures of those and another big difference is the plants are grown in the ground. A lot of times in greenhouses they'll be on racks or hanging from the ceiling in pots but in a high tunnel the plants are grown in the ground. One thing and we'll get to some of the pictures later some of the crops that for example right here we're about to zone four but you can grow zone five plants in a high tunnel and even some people have gone to zone six but realistically I would say another zone without any problem is something that usually can be achieved. Here we change the heat, you get the heat a little bit earlier and it also stops the wind, prevents some of the harsher weather from getting at your plants. Like I had talked to you earlier four to eight weeks earlier production in the spring a lot of the producers that I've talked to have said for sure two weeks in the spring and two weeks later in the fall of growth. So in most cases and there are exceptions of course one month extra growth for your plants. Also there tends to be a higher yield per plant there's some more protected type of situation cost effective you're in the area. It's very similar to some of the square foot technology where you don't really need a lot of extra inputs because pretty much everything you're adding is there. Also many people like to do organic production and this is a nice way of doing it, natural disease control. You have a plastic barrier and it does open up of course but there is a physical barrier that is there for much of the time that does help with controlling a lot of windborne diseases, insects also. You control your water so if you put the water there the plant will use it. Sometimes if there is rose there's a lot of waste with that and cold fruit has been seen to be less with high tunnels. There's a cost involved with it and anyone who's doing high tunnel I always say try to find somebody that has one talk to different people who have them up. Not everyone does it the same way and there are things that you will like that other people do that you can use their ideas and such. This here is basically a pyramid of success or going towards success with a high tunnel. You work with your soil. Your soil can be enhanced, improved inside of there. Some of the people would like to use little tractors and will show some pictures of that.  Everything basically is somewhat controlled or managed when you're doing a high tunnel by the person that's doing it. You don't have a lot of outside influences on it. Harvesting the markets we can get to a little bit later on. Here's a really simple, easy, small high tunnel.  Extremely easy, very cheap. Not one that I would prefer but this would be a nice way to start if you had basically no money and really wanted to get started with this. A little more advanced structures here. You'll see a number, I've got a number of different pictures in here of different high tunnels and different structures with them. If you look on these, these have wooden ends except for the very far back one but the ends are made of wood and with our climate here it's extremely windy at times. If there isn't wood many times the high tunnel will just be shredded or ripped right out. It just can't handle it. You can get a little bit fancier too. Here they've used aluminum for the support system on the inside and they have a very nice framed end with a door for a person to walk in. And you'll also notice a lot of times when people do have high tunnels they also grow plants outside of them. Here we have one that's been rolled up. There are different types of motors and such for rolling up the sides. You can also do it by hand or crank it by hand. I recommend that. If you want to crank it by hand maybe talk to somebody who has one and ask them if you could come out and crank it by hand for a week for them they'll be very happy and after the week you'll decide never to do it by hand. Get a little motor, it's just the way to go. Here's another one. You can see that it's cranked up part way. And if you notice too it doesn't go all the way up. I'd say maybe four feet or so in a lot of cases is many times what the height will be. This one also has a wooden barrier or wooden wall on the side of the high tunnel. Like I said there's a lot of different variations of this. Here's another one too. You can see that they have wooden ropes where basically some of those support the striped ropes. They're also good for that. Here someone's getting kind of serious. They've got one after another. It's a nice business. One thing that you should keep in mind with this. Everyone I've ever talked to has had these. I said how do you do financially with them? And it always ranges from we broke even to we made profit. So far I haven't come across anyone who's actually lost money on these. But you know you'd hate to be the first one. And maybe they're not telling me the whole truth either or not figuring in time or what have you. But everyone that I've talked to has been fairly satisfied with putting out some type of a high tone. Here's another one. And that's a thing too. If you're not very good with putting together things like I am not very good at putting together basically anything. You can buy kits and those directions. And you can put it together from a kit. And so then it'll look really nice and square and everything will be perfect looking for your high tone. Here's just an inside picture of it. You notice that the sunlight's getting in there and you can see that the wind would be stopped. The sides have been rolled up and the doors on the far end there. One thing to really keep in mind with these is make sure that you've measured it's that you're if you have a little tractor that you want to be working in there before or after the growing season that it can physically get in. Nothing is worse than building one of these and then finding that you're about two inches too shy for getting a tractor into or out of it. And now you've got to cut or move or try to shift or lift or take things apart to get the tractor in or out. It's somewhat embarrassing and can be saved with simply shifting something over a little bit before you start building. If you look toward the top of this picture too, you can see that their event right there is a wooden door and so we're going to kind of see a lot of different types of ear vents throughout this thing. Here's one that's rounded more of a triangular type shape on the top, another round one. And here on the outside you can see they've got plastic down and they're raising plants on the outside and the inside and we'll kind of talk a little bit about the differences in yields and such for that later on. Now when you have your tunnel and it's ready to go and you've got your soil in there and you've worked it up, you take a look at it. You might need to add a little more organic matter or some peat moss or what have you but it's something that you can do. It's not an open field or you might waste some of it as you're adding it and here it stays basically. Here's some more rustic ones. This would probably be something like I would build where they basically got some plywood doors kind of held down with some rope and such and there's also not a lot of room for driving in there. A little more rustic, a little more frugal maybe in the building of this one or these two. Sometimes people add different amendments and I hear they put some straw. Sometimes they like to grow strawberries in the straw and that'd be fine to do one thing to keep in mind with these though. It's not recommended to have livestock and there's a question. I could get to that later or maybe let me finish this first. It's not a good idea to have livestock or cats or chickens or birds or dogs in there. A lot of concerns with animal waste when you do that and the waiting period for after your manure has been in there doesn't always correspond to when you want to harvest. I have talked to people who've had pets in there or what have you and it seems they've always had a great concern or fear that someone might get sick from their products. So it's best to keep them out and it can be done. I see there's a question here. It says how high do the tunnels need to be to get enough area to dissipate the heat generated? They don't always dissipate the heat generated so you have to remember to roll up the sides and we'll kind of hit on this later if not please come back if I don't answer your question. Here's another one, kind of a muddy area. If you look to the right you can see that the soil has been pulled out of there. And they've made this soil as the drainage on the inside but the outside of the tunnel is lower. Just another side view of one of the high tunnels. Here they've used wood, a wall on the outside basically a wood wall and that can be kind of nice too as far as plumbing this I think it's a nice way. Sometimes they just run the plastic to the ground. It seems to get into the dirt but if you run your plastic right to a piece of wood that seems to be a much more cleaner look to it. Here they're really fancy and they have a door for walking in and a door for getting a small tractor in. And like I said if you're handy or if you want to put it you can tell it to what you want. You don't have to do it the way everyone else does. A little more fancy with the vents. You can open up the vents on either end. Usually there's that and sometimes right in the middle of the top of the front center but they'll have vents that you can open also. Just an inside view of the vents. Beautiful crops are grown in these. A lot of times there's just hardly any dirt splash up depending on who's watering for you but the rain doesn't really have much of a factor with this so you're controlling the water and nice clean produce is something that basically everybody likes when they have these. He's not smoking a cigarette. It's a toothpick. A lot of people ask me, is that a cigarette? No, it's not. You can see the peppers are getting very nice inside. There are weeds on the outside and that's something you should try to control so you don't start getting weed pressure on the inside but everybody has their own plots for your style but those peppers that are standing right next to each other are beautiful and sore. Some of the other climbing cucumbers are. Here's some tomatoes just hanging in there and a lot of times people will grow different types. They can determine climbing, vining type and there's a number of different varieties that a person can use that are better for high tunnels than for regular gardening. We touched on some of these things too so hopefully it's not too boring but where you fall asleep if I repeat anything but I'm just emphasizing it basically. Good drain, raised soil. You don't want to have your high tunnel and after a good rain, you know you have enough water here to raise rice or maybe little ducks could come in and have a good time. You don't want that. You want it to actually drain away. You want to be able to roll up the sides and if you can't do that you can have a lot of heat issues and everything can die in there. Six mil ultraviolet treated plastic. I know people that use that or else they'll use a number of different variations of that. A lot of times it basically goes by the cost at the time when they purchased it. Cold temperature. There's some information that will kind of tie in here after a little bit to the next following slides. Cold temperature in 2005 through 2006 for example it's 17 days where it was below zero degrees Fahrenheit and the coldest day was minus 37 degrees Fahrenheit. Basically it's been getting cold and obviously when it's really cold in the dead of winter these high tunnels are not running but they do have that extra week or two or three or four in the beginning or the end and that does add up to longer growing season. With that extra protection of the plastic they have an unfortunate opportunity that for example in these years when it was very cold 2005 through 2006 even with extreme cold on the outside of the tunnel its rival in the tunnel was 69%, 2%, 79% depending on the year and that's huge compared to on the outside which you know here's an example of Gothic tomatoes 94%, 92%, 95% and a survival radius inside the tunnel it makes a difference. Another nice thing too a lot of people like to grow things that they ordinarily wouldn't grow outside here they have some English cucumbers growing on a trial and error system and one thing nice about the cucumbers is that they're not on the ground and they're clean they're growing them up and you're using a lot of vertical space that otherwise could be wasted outside. Here everyone does a little bit different here they stake tomatoes and the tomatoes will climb up the stake and such and just a very nice way to do it sometimes too many times people have plastic on the inside they put it in the rows or they put it in the walk pass or what have you it all depends on personal preference some people enjoy plastic some people do not. Here's an example of tomatoes that were started at the same time same brandy of tomato in the same place only one was in the high tunnel one was not and if you look inside the high tunnel the tomatoes obviously got ripe a lot sooner than the ones on the outside.  I think we've seen that picture already and it's just done a little bit later in the season and if you look too on the left bottom you can add different things in there sometimes people will put a little electricity or self-watering and such here's some I use on my digger to dig into the soil a little bit and work it out these are a lot of things that are four things that work with the high tunnel principal supply growth time, heat, light and stress in the northern climate the heat is probably one of our biggest concerns and the heat catalogs are basically an average they talk about the best conditions so if you order your seeds or your plants from a catalog and you get them and it's off a little bit it's two reasons, one plants can't read and the other one is that it's not exactly for the conditions it's more of an average, just keep that in mind heat a lot of them have different growing degree days and a lot of them have different temperatures they like for example tomatoes and peppers 80 to 90 degrees, they like that cucumbers and melons, 85 to 95 and the temperature duration is critical for eating harvest on a lot of these plants a little bit on growing degree days are units I know a lot of you probably understand this but just for those that maybe don't quite understand it basically growing degree unit in this class is worked out for the high of the days so let's say you've got 86 degrees today low for the day is 50 add those together, minus 50 divided by 2 and you get your number for that so let's say you have a mid-season tomato it'll require 1,400 to 1,600 growing degree days in late season, a little over 2,000 that can be a big difference for example if you get a crop or not so you want to grow a late season priority but just not getting a growing degree days outside the high tone in the high tone you're more likely good as an example of some different formulations on calculations on that here they did one where they compared the inside and outside of the tunnel inside the tunnel you can see that with the formulations that we talked about they were higher in March 281 versus 5 and these are cumulative so as these add up the more they get the sooner the vegetables will ripen and on the right hand side you can see them outside the tunnel you just start getting the same growing degree units that they are on the inside of the tunnel until you'll have a later harvest if you get a harvest of all sometimes this is a picture of Terry Ninich Terry's been working with a high tunnel type work for 30 plus years I believe it is and he's a great resource and a great personalist too and I like listening to him when he talks about his high tunnel work and research that's some nice pictures a presentation of beautiful pictures of fruit some of those English cucumbers they look very clean and look how clean they are they're not on the ground they're hanging up on trellises they're growing inside these high tunnels they do very well here's another picture of some of the growth of different plants that are growing in there during the season a lot of people like the high tunnels for a reason too as far as once they have control over the weed pressure in there it's fairly easy to control it like it is basically an organic type of a situation here's an example too where they did their first high tunnel in July 10th they had tomatoes harvested outside the high tunnel August 11th so a month later so in this case they had a whole month difference in the harvest of their tomatoes when you're doing this as a business it's very important that you are earlier and here's an example of someone that was a month earlier basically I think it's a similar thing with the cucumbers they had the question about dissipating heat yes they can get hot they can get so hot that everything inside will actually die a lot of times people you know and that's where I would talk with other people before we start doing this as to proper timing of rolling up the sides sometimes if they're rolled up too early or too late depending on how warm it is inside you can lose heat that you need through the night or you can trap the heat in there and basically cook your plants it's a little bit trial and error but what I would do is contact other people who have done it in the past and see what they say works for them for the crops that you want to grow not all the crops are the same obviously so you need to do a little research on that we control inside and out a lot of times people say well I'm not going to control weeds on the outside I'm just going to control them on the inside what happens is if there's any type of root or vining type weed that gets on the inside soon it starts to take over because you just somewhat ignore it or if it drops seeds and you have a giant seed bank on the outside of literally millions of for example lambs quarter or what have you that can be very difficult even though they're on the outside to keep them out monitor the water uptake you need to physically look at your plants a lot of times people will have oil and drip irrigation and several different types of things you still need to check it because there can be zones where the little piece of dirt or rock got in there and plugged it and now you have a zone that didn't get water for a week or so and you got a real problem and then learning how to properly prune a trellis is important also here they you know there's also the thing with creatures and this would keep out rabbits and deer and such but you need to know your environment if you've got a lot of jack rabbits and what have you this would be this fencing would help with that tremendously you don't have anything like that it's just an end expense but if you have it one day of wildlife getting there can be a whole season's worth of loss this is an extremely important thing narrow end against prevailing high winds if you put a perpendicular and not the narrow end against the high winds what will happen is many times it will just catch on a loose piece of plastic and basically rip your whole plastic or rip it right in half and now you've got an interesting situation here it's very windy and so we keep that in mind whenever we do this the outside air direction has little to do with cooling so even if you had doors and you open them up it's not really going to get in there to cool it you need to be able to open up the sides and also the roof vents the appropriate times for disappearing the heat otherwise you're going to cook your plumes here they've got plastic and they've placed it down and the soil is not the walking room but the plastic is where the plants are and the soil is the walking room and it's a very nice nicely done, very neat whenever you do this type of thing a lot of people say a crooked row you get more vegetables but sometimes it's hard to walk down a crooked row and so a nice straight row like this is something to really consider here they've cut holes in the plastic and started placing their plants there's a lot of different research that has been done on the different types of plastic I prefer what they've done here with the black plastic for the best results I think there are other people that say the blue or the red have better results and that's something that I don't know right now which would be better I'd have to do a lot more reading on that to make a decision I know that clear plastic is one that I wouldn't want to use clear plastic seems to be the black would be there you'd have weeds growing underneath there seems to be a really good germinator of weeds so I don't like the clear plastic unless you tap you could avoid it that would be the best and it's a little bit further along they've got the plants growing nicely now it's been a little time it's gone by and they have all these little weird red hoop like things in there and you'll see a little bit what they're doing with that but this is something that they can wow this looks beautiful I love this so they're doing a nice job here now inside their hide tunnel they've actually put little tunnels to even further along so you had a spring that was really cold and you wanted to trap the heat a little bit more or you wanted to get airflow with your plants the little tunnels many times are a type of a fabric that the air and even moisture can get through and so has good airflow and it helps with the plants absorbing light pushing it through just another little trick to do it not necessarily always needs to be done but every little bit helps whenever you're working with this type of thing hey see further on everything looks fantastic they've got the cucumbers growing high up right into the rough that's made out of the left are doing very nicely you tend to get a larger yield with high tunnels three to four times the yield over what's done in the field and that's very important another thing I didn't talk about but I'd like to at a different time or you can look it up yourself many times a person will need some type of pollinator inside there and you can purchase bumblebee packages someone throw that out as an aside you can order bumblebee packages for your hide tunnels just for pollination one thing with higher yields though you will need more nutrients you need to just basically play around with and try too much for nitrogen or other things like that will actually cause your plants to burn or die so you need to basically try things and it's best to do less and then add more as time goes on versus the other way because once your plant is dead you need to start over versus not I just love this picture when I see this I just get hungry another thing just a little hint for people that are growing or using these for profit is that you might like to grow banana peppers but if no one in your market likes to eat them and they like to eat ghost peppers for example well then you probably need to grow ghost peppers and so this little thing know your market whenever you're growing your vegetables but I just love this picture and wow look at that the raspberries there are fantastic and people say why would you grow raspberries in a high tunnel they're doing fine outside you could get varieties that are a little less hearty for here for example there's a variety a yellow variety of raspberries called A.M. that sometimes you get a crop sometimes you don't depending on the fall when the frost is now two weeks more protection of warmth inside there and maybe even more because of if you had sealed up so the frost couldn't get at all you would definitely get a crop of yellow raspberries versus the ones on the outside you could be hit or miss and you might get one every four or five years a crop so definitely something to consider different varieties and with the growing season is improved here they've got some strawberries just to keep them nice and clean not a bad idea one thing to keep in mind though whenever you have straw like that too you can get rodents so you want some type of a rodent control and I don't mean caps we don't want caps in there here's just a little sign that they have for their high tonal research projects I mean there's a lot of roof vents I was talking about and this is something that you would want to definitely open for example if it gets too hot and that's what the problem is with a lot of these that they get too hot and to cool them down you might have to somehow open that up if it's too hot inside obviously open it from the outside with a pole or even have it open earlier and that's something whatever you believe builds your high tonal to your own needs you'll start to figure out how to do that as time goes on one thing I want to emphasize is that none of these things are just because four people did it doesn't mean the fifth person is going to do it the same way and they'll have different situations, different problems and different circumstances as far as controlling things in there and everybody's high tonal here's a website that's very good I looked at this site every once in a while I wish that was mine but it isn't you ever seen this sort of very nice high tonal workshop or a workshop website and now if there are questions if you could ask I know there was some earlier but I'm not able to really do more than two things I want sometimes I have to stop to actually breathe if let's see if I can go back to this, how did the high tones need how high did the high tones need to be to get enough area to dissipate the heat generated many times the high tones I've seen, the ones I've seen are some of the earlier ones too where they were about nine feet tall but they've got some here that are 20 plus feet I would say that's a little bit extreme but depending on the size of it that's how high does it need I don't know if that's something I can actually answer with a straight question versus I think it's more like how knowledgeable do you need to be when you're doing this so that you can control the heat when opening up the sides and also the top when do people usually start planting in high tunnels in our area in this area here a lot of times you can go ahead and plant a couple weeks at least two or three weeks ahead of time so let's see that doesn't really help for an exact date but I would say maybe would be a very close possibility sometime in Lake May in many times it can't be exact either because you can have extreme weather situations where it's beautiful outside or it's so cold that nothing can survive so you have to kind of play it by ear but in general two weeks or three weeks earlier then the people would be planting outside so if you're a master grader of the survey Lake also will take you to a place where you can print a certificate for continued education credit okay I guess that's marvelous statement not a question is there any other questions there's so much on this type of topic and a lot of people like to adopt different avenues with it the biggest thing I can say with it is is that go to a number of different trainings on it I know there are extension publications Todd I do not have any for NDSU but I know that the University of Minnesota has some actual power points on their websites for high tunnels and they have some other just basically data sheets on varieties and old plans for high tunnels and such my understanding is that Botno has information on it but I haven't seen any of that I know that the University of Minnesota has a tremendous amount of information on it Bob Minich is very easy to approach if you email him he's easy to get a hold of calling a little bit hard to get a hold of him but if you look at his I'm just typing University of Minnesota not Bob but Terry Minich he'll pop up and just send him an email and he can refer you or talk to you directly about exactly what you're looking for as far as varieties or design or fertilizer and such for that a couple people are typing questions let me turn this down I think I've popped up my ears a little bit I'll wait for that the answer to Cecilia's question is yes, these are being recorded and we will post the archives for the series a little bit down the road no cash $4 does anyone else have any questions for Todd? I've been doing this putting on a high tunnel tape workshop and for about maybe six, seven years now and every year I'm learning more and more about it I've had Terry as a speaker for the last five years a number of different topics has been very, very good but like I said there's it's been a whole day on this topic and both from there but the biggest thing is doing it and trying it and then keeping in mind that yours is not going to be like many other people's as far as your environment is different your growing different things and just a number of different situations that you're going to be different also another thing before I forget you can check with your I believe it's Equip Program, EQIP I know that at one time they did a cost share with these so if you're planning on doing this either way or even if you aren't check with it and see if there's any money left with EQIP Equip Program with your I believe you know I saw a conservation district slash NRCS would have more likely NRCS would have information on that and it's a nice, nice thing to have if I'm not mistaken it was up to 40% maybe a little more of a paid for and that's just savings right there so something to really think about check with your local one in your county though and answering genius questions I really will yes we will put these online I haven't put them online yet because we're trying to run them live first two weeks and if you can't sleep this will be a good way to just listening to my voice just don't do what you're driving if you can't sleep just listening to me talk I'll knock you right out just ask my wife she can fall asleep as soon as I start talking about work she says out so this will be a nice organic sleep remedy right here Todd's a joker as you can see alright let me see if there's any more questions just one more reminder if you wouldn't mind filling out the survey please do so those are really important to us and then join us again next week I thought Tom Kalb was one of the audience members today so he will be our speaker and he's located out in Bismarck as a horticulture specialist so any do I need to print out the certificate to get credit for the continuing ed Todd you're a master gardener person it will give you a proof but I think all you have to do is write it down print it out? I'm pretty relaxed but you might as well print it out and then you can show me look how great I am kind of help me out later well thank you for coming and see you from there thank you very much


More than 28,000 residents have now signed up for health coverage through Minnesota's health insurance exchange. Minsher got off to a rocky start this year with a widespread state government website outage and long wait times that state officials say may have been exasperated by automated calls. Anxiety is high due to big premium increases and concern about access to insurance for 2017. The exchange said Monday that 28,475 residents had signed up in the three weeks since open enrollment began November 1st. Now after call wait time stretched into hours for some callers, Minsher said there are currently no wait times. Minnesota lawmakers are still debating how to offset the increasing premiums for those who don't qualify for federal assistance. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


This is stock number 11023. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, your new and used minivan headquarters. Today, we are checking out this super clean 2013 Dodge Grand Caravan SXT. This vehicle has the 3.6 liter Pentastar award-winning engine. It has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this van is 100% ready to go. The really cool thing about this van is it does have a joey by Bruno wheelchair lift in the back of it, which I'll show you how that works in just a little bit. Fully functional, works great, and really a nice setup if you need that in your life. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device, turn them on right now, because it's definitely the best way to check out the quality and condition of the van before it's seen in person. Comes with these 17-inch painted alloy rims, and it has Firestone Destination 22565R17 tires. And these tires look like they have probably about 60 to 70% of the tread left on them. Front fender is in great shape. True blue metallic is the color. No dents or dings on that front fender. Head light lenses are nice and clear. And that front bumper is in excellent condition. No dents, dings, or cracks. And the hood is in excellent shape as well. Passenger side front fender is in great condition too. And the passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of the van, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos, so if you are far away, or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the vehicle, hear the vehicle, and have confidence in what you were looking at before you even get here. So that when you do get here, there's no surprises. You can see it has the hideaway roof rack. That's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. A link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise a trade, all from the comfort of your own home. So when you get here, all you got to do is drive the vehicle, love it, you'll be all set to go. Back rims are in excellent shape.  As we come around to the back here, rear bumper is in excellent shape, no dents, stings, or cracks on that, and the rear gate is in great condition as well. This is a power lift gate, and back here is the wheelchair lift, the Joey by Bruno, and it's really easy to operate. All you got to do is grab the controller right here, turn it on, and then it has either you're putting it out or in. So if you just press that, you can see it starts sliding out like so. Once you get it to the bottom, you got to stop, otherwise it'll actually, it's actually strong enough that it'll lift the van right off the ground, but it works really good, and then to get it back in, you just, once you're on there, you just press this, and it just rolls right back into place, and it'll stop when it's as far as it can go.  So it actually does still have the third row seats in the van. If you ever do take that wheelchair lift out of there, get this gate down, you press that button, it'll beep at you three times, and then it'll come on down. Actually beeps at you a total of four times. The only thing I saw wrong with the whole van is one tiny little ding on the rear bumper, or rear gate there, but other than that, very, very nice. Rear quarter is in nice shape, and for full disclosure, this back rim, no scuffs or scrapes on there. Down the rest of this side of the van looks pretty good. No dents or dings in the doors. You do get heated power mirrors. Inside the SXT package gives you the black cloth interior, power driver seat, no rips or tears on that seat, side current airbags.  You also get the power side vents. And as we hop inside the vehicle here, you can see that this one has 69,000. 115 miles instrument cluster is very nice and clean. You do get the leather wrapped steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, and then you do get audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. Six-speed automatic transmission, CD player, AM, FM, and Sirius XM radio capabilities. Down here you get your climate control, which includes the dual climate control and rear air controls. Passenger side floor mat and dash and seat are in excellent condition as well. No rips or tears on there. And the headliner is in really nice clean condition too. You got your power sliding side doors and rear gate buttons up there, and you do get map lights, and then there is a spy glass for the back seats as well. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then check out under the hood. So these are power sliding side doors. You can see that they open up nice and smoothly. Back storage area is in nice shape. You get the quad seats with the latch child safety system. No rips or tears on the seats. Smells very clean inside this fan. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. Carpeting and floor mats are very clean in these. Second row seats do stow and go into the floor. So that is still functional for them. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this fan is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the award-winning 3.6 liter Pentastar V6 motor. And Jumbe is very, very clean, runs very smooth. This fan has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and tapped off. And this one is 100% ready to go. See more pictures of this fan or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers. You name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. It links more Dodge Grand Caravan videos like this one on your right. If you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those. Check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2013 Dodge Grand Caravan SXT with the Joey mobility wheelchair lift from Bruno. Thanks again.


فشرف بل اشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا بادلا وياله من شراف عظيم الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن والثلاؤ الجميل وأشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق وهو يهد السبيل وأشهد أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد الحديث الخامس، دفث حديث في قيام رمضان عن أبي هريرة رضي الله تعالى عنه قال سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول من قام رمضان إيمانا وحتسابا غفر له ما تقدم من ذنبه متفق عليه هذه الحديث is an evidence about the virtues of one establishing رمضان and that it is a cause or a means for one's seems to be forgiven and his shortcomings so if a person establishes a Ramadan with iman and the word iman here means what مصدقا بوعد الله وبفضل قيام وعظيم أجريه عند الله the person fasts believing إلا الله تبارك وتعالى promises that Allah has promised and the virtues of establishing the prayer and the virtues of establishing the fasting as it should be done and the great reward that he would have the day of judgment احتسابا means he does it اثواب عند الله he does it hoping to get the reward from Allah لا بقص دي آخرى he's not doing it for any other intention أبو هرينا narrated that the Prophet ﷺ used to كان رسول الله ﷺ يرغب في قيام رمضان that the Prophet ﷺ he used to urge he used to encourage for the people to stand in prayer in the month of Ramadan من غير أن يأمرهم بعظيمة but the Prophet would not order them in a forceful manner and the Prophet would say من قام رمضانا إيمانا واحتسابا نغفر الله ما تقدم من ذنبه anyone who stands up in Ramadan with إيمان and with احتساب then his past sins are forgiven it is upon every one of us فعال المسلمي it is upon each and every one of us that we strive in praying the Salatu التراويح with the Imam and that we do not miss any of it إن شاء الله تعالى and that we do not leave it before the Imam ولو زاد على إحدى عشر ركعة even if the Imam goes over 11 ركعة and he prays more than 11 he prays 23 ركعة that we do not leave it we pray with him from the beginning to the end based on the Hadith of the Prophet ﷺ من قام مع الإيمام anyone who stands up with the Imam حتى ينصرف until the Imam leaves كتب له قيام ليل it will be written for him the prayer of the whole night you will get the reward of praying that whole night what is meant by until the Imam leaves it means until the Salat is finished that's what it means it doesn't mean as if the Imam leaves because we have in our countries that there are more than one Imam who lead the prayer so somebody would pray 4 ركعة with the first Imam and he would go home and he would try to apply this Hadith to himself he would say من قام مع الإيمام حتى ينصرف كتب له قيام ليل he said I pray with the Imam until the Imam left so I have a prayer of the whole night but in reality he hasn't prayed the other 4 ركعة and he also hasn't prayed the the so the Hadith is not talking about the Imam himself rather it is talking about انقضاء الصلاة the ending of the prayer anyone who starts the prayer with the Imam and he finishes the prayer that's what the Hadith is referring to and the قيام and the prayer of my brother is I was only nights 29 nights of the whole year هي إلا ليال معدودة يغتريمها العاقل قبل فواتها there are only specific nights in your life 29 nights only which you can benefit from the wise person doesn't let it go by like that أبو داود أبو داود he has a مسائل he has a book where he asked Imam Ahmed questions it's called مسائل الإيمامي أحمد لأبي داود السجستاني the author of the Sunan أبو داود he has a book in which he asks Imam Ahmed questions Imam Ahmed المحمد he asks him questions he said in that book of his page 62 so only one volume book he said أبو داود said Imam Ahmed was asked and he said I was listening while he was asked this question يؤخر القيام there's one delay that the prayer إلى آخر الليل until the last part of the night is that good for one to do يعني تلوح Imam Ahmed said no سنة المسلمين أحب إليها the way that the people are the Sunnah of the people is more beloved to me for a person he shouldn't pray by himself he should try to pray with the Imam because of that virtue this is what Imam Ahmed said that for you to say I'm going to delay my prayer and pray by myself at home and do my thing Imam Ahmed said that the Sunnah of being with the people is more beloved to me the scholars they differed if the person رغب الإلسان أن يصلي ما كتب له وقت السحر he wants to pray at night time after the tarawih he wants to pray he prays with the Imam what should he do in this situation the scholars they differ in this matter some of the scholars they said فإنه لا يؤتروا في آخر صلاة مرة أخرى he does not before I go to that he should not pray the witter with the Imam some scholars they said with the Imam he should not pray the witter he should what he should pray the 8 رقع and the extra 2 and the last رقع he should leave it and not pray it 10 رقع basically because the witter should be the last thing that the person does some scholars they took that opinion and others and based on the Hadith of the Prophet لا ويتراني في ليلة there is no 2 witter at night time لا ويتراني في ليلة there is no 2 witter in one night so they said in that situation what he does is that he doesn't pray the witter with the Imam he goes and he prays the witter with his last last رقع بشغناصر الدينة البانية رحمة الله he said no he is allowed to pray after the witter he is allowed to pray again and carry on praying he is allowed to pray but he is not going to pray after his prayer but that may oppose the Hadith of the Prophet in which he said make the last prayer the last thing that you do for your night make it the witter so the command here is not it is on the witter highly recommended that he makes it but شغناصر's opinion is much stronger because he said all of them they show that it is that it is recommended that it is not obligatory because the evidence that he brought was in his صحيح with the train of narration which is authentic that the Prophet that the Prophet prayed after his witter another prayer when the person they do the تسليم السلام عليكم السلام عليكم they finish their prayer in the last the Salat al witter finished they finish the tarawih the witter the last one the person should raise their voice by saying سبحان الملك القدوس three times and he raises his voice in the third time the third time he raises his voice because that was authentically transmitted from the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم as Imam Abu Dawood narrated in his Sunan النسائي ابنو جماجا أحمد and the hadith is authentic دار قطنيه أرده he said he says سبحان الملك القدوس رب الملائكة والروح he added that it is but that is it is shad it is what it is shad it is a ziada غير محفوضة and you would find that if you look at the تخرج أحديث تذكروا الدعال قطاني تحقيق which he has ابرا فتح المصري بوتونيت because he recently a تخرج in which he done on the Kitab of Sunan أبي Dawood is also out so he speaks about it there and we will stop there إن شاء الله تعالى والله أعلم سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشد أن لا إله إلا الله استغفروا كواتوب إليه


فشرف بل اشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا بابا دلا وياله من شراف عظيمي الحمد لله رب العالمين ولا عاقبة للمتقين ولا عدوان إلا على الظالمين وأسلم على من أرسله الله رحمة للعالمين سيدنا ونبينا محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين وعنا وكتاب الوراقات للإمام بمعالي الجوين رحمه الله تعريف العلم والجهلي لأحكامة الوضعية لأحكامتهم الصحيح ونأخي باطل ونأخي دفعات بين باطل وفاسد أكورة إلى العلمة where they differ they distinguish between باطل and فاسد إن شاء الله تعالى today we're going to be talking about knowledge and ignorance the sheikh says والفق هو فق is أخص من العلم فق is more specific than knowledge is more specific than knowledge meaning فق is something which is more specific to a particular type of knowledge and that knowledge علم is more broader the word علم is more broader than the word فق are you all with me والعلمة so he told you at that point والفق هو فق is what is more narrow and more specific whereas علم is what more broader والعلم and علم is the definition of علم معرفة المعلومة it is to know ما من شأنه أن يعلم that which its matter is for you to know علم means معرفة is to know that which needs to be known okay علما هو as it is به في الواقع as it is in its reality والجهلو and ignorance is what تصور الشيء is perceiving something على خلاف opposite to what ما هو that which it is في الواقع in reality so the sheikh he defined when he defined ignorance he defined one type of the types of ignorance because ignorance is two types he defined one of them he defined جهل المركب الامام أبي معالي الجويني he defined جهل المركب the compound ignorance are you with me good بصالح الفوزان شرح we're gonna take we're gonna take المراد بالفق هنا the fiq he means here أبي معالي الجويني he means fiq here المعنى الشرعي he means the technical definition of it so when he's comparing between fiq and علم he's comparing between the technical definition of fiq and knowledge للمعنى اللغوي not that linguistic meaning why لأنه because الفق في الاستلاح because fiq in its technical definition is what معرفة الأحكام الشرعية because fiq in its technical definition is معرفة الأحكام الشرعية المكتسبة بأدلة تفصيلة we took كما تقدم as we took before والعلم and knowledge is أعمو منه is more broader more encompassing than fiq لأنه because knowledge يصدق على العلم بالتفسير you can say تفسير is not علم والحديث you can say is علم والنهو you can say is علم والبلاغة you can say is علم وغيلي ذلك and other than that whereas that's not called fiq فق is a branch from knowledge فصار الفق so fiq became أخص صامي للعلم فق became more specific than knowledge so what can you say you can say فكل فقه علم فق is knowledge is علم وليس كل فق علم but not every علم is what فق حن is a fiq okay that's the first part of what الفق أخص من العلم we took that part the second one is the definition of علم the second part is what the definition of علم the sheikh defined علم as what معرفة المعلومة it is to know that which is needed to be known علامة هو so there is three things أبي معالي الجويني عليه رحمة الله huh oh sorry he said two points he defined knowledge with two two points when he defined علم he defined it with what two قيد two points but it should have been three I will add the third one what is the first thing معرفة is to know what is معرفة mean معرفة means الإدراك it is to know it is to comprehend المعلومي the thing that you want to know this this is the معلم I'm going to use in order to know it's called what because this is the thing I need to know right so this is called the معلم good and what I'm going to do is I'm trying to comprehend what this thing is so I look at it this is called the معلم very good and knowledge is what that your comprehension of the thing that you're comprehending is as it is علامة هو so my comprehension and this thing are intact so my comprehension is an opposite to what is not opposite to the to the thing that's the first thing when you say sorry the first part is معرفة المعلومي it is first of all so how many things did he mention what are the two things معرفة المعلومي معرفة comprehension and it's consistent with what you're comprehending are you with me the first part the first part of what I said the sheikh said which is معرفة المعلومي comprehending the thing that you want to know which is the first thing what are you trying to do you're comprehending the thing that you're looking at one you're comprehending it very well trying to understand it this what leaves lack of comprehension صحيح lack of comprehension of this that's the opposite to the first part of knowledge is what knowledge has what is the comprehension of something to what you're trying to comprehend are you with me that's the first part what is the opposite to it lack of comprehension for example you come to a person and you say to your brother معرفة المعلومي and he says to you he tried to look at and comprehend what it is his brain has no understanding and comprehension of what he's trying to look at does that make sense that's called جهلون بسل and the answer that comes from that person is what I haven't comprehended it there's no comprehension in my mind regarding it that is called جهلون بسيط good the second قيد the second قيد which is the second part of the definition which is what علاما هو as it is so the first one was you comprehending a thing the second one is as it is as it is and this one it brings out you comprehending something different what it is and that's called جهلون مركب and the sheikh defined it for you by saying جهلون مركب is what تصور الشيء it is to picture something or it's to perceive something علا خلافي opposite to what علا خلافي ما هو به opposite to what it is are you with me وفي بعض النصخ and some of the publication the way it came out it says علا خلافي ما هو عليه في الواقع and that is وها ذا اوضح that's more clearer which is what which is what that the perception or the comprehension it is different to what it is different to the reality of the thing that you're comprehending so what is the difference between جهلون مركب and جهلون بسيط the جهلون مركب there is no comprehension in his brain at all جهلون بسيط he has nothing in his brain when you ask him I don't know he says to you the other one who is جهلون مركب what will he say to you I know now he said I know I know what it is and then you ask him what it is and then he will say to you this is a khaki so is there a comprehension is there a comprehension in his head yes but is that comprehension is it intact with the reality of the thing no it's not so here I have to stop and explain a matter to you which is the علماء of منطق they talk about كتب علم المنطق when you look into it you find something that they talk about called تصور and تصديق تصور and تصديق and you have to distinguish between these two it helps you تصور means when I explain it and define it you guys might be able to able to tell me the English meaning for it تصور means I know what تصور means تصور means perception تصور means perception that one is simple and what is the word تصور in Arabic what is the definition for it it is الإدراك it is when a person he has an image in his head الخالي عن الحكم but it's far from what and it's away from any rolling are you with me give you an example it has there's no rolling attached to the the thing that you have that you have pictured in your head I'll give you an example brother سعد somebody comes up to me and says to me عبد الرحمن all these brothers that I sit in here it's my first time I've met you guys once before all of you guys I've met you guys all once before and you all told me your names so somebody asks me and says to me where's سعد and I put my finger on سعد did I perceive him did I image سعد correctly according to the name here of his good but is there a rolling on سعد for me in the sense where if you asked me is سعد a truthful person an honest person a happy person a person who has anger management issues the answer is no I can't I only have تصور on him in my head without him or I have in the sense where I know how he looks like as for anything beyond that I have what I don't have anything on it تصديق is what تصديق is a picture with a rolling so سعد I pictured him and I also have a rolling which is his lazy yeah I'd say that I'd say that so I have a picture in my head or somebody asks me تصير yeah yeah so it is a perception are you with me so there is ادراك or a comprehension I have of سعد now I also have a rolling attached are you with me I have a a rolling attached to it that's called تصديق لذلك they combine it in one line of poetry by saying ادراك من غير قضاء تصور وما عهو تصديق وذاك مشتهر so that is important you know it so what's the difference that the one both of them what do they have they both of them have a picture in their heads are you with me the one that has a picture in his head and also has a rolling with it that one is different from the one that just has a picture and no rolling to it it's important the جهل مراكب he's one who has what one who مثلا you asked him هل تجوز صلا you ask him to a person who is جهل مراكب you say to him is it permissible to pray a prayer with تيموم عند عدم الماء when there's no water you ask a person who is جهل مراكب you say أخي there's no water I don't have water am I allowed to do تيموم and then pray he says to you لا يجوزه I'm a letter juzu it's not permissible this person he's called جهل مراكب he won't say to you he won't say to you he won't say to you he won't say to you he won't say to you this is called جهل مراكب this is called جهل مراكب what does مراكب mean I'm going to explain to you سمية جهل مراكب it was called جهل مراكب لأن صاحبه because the individual يعتقد الشيء يعتقد الشيء he believes in something ويتصوره and he perceives something so he has a rolling and what does he have and he has a perception now that rolling it can be according to the reality and it can also be not according to the reality but he has a perception and what comes with that perception I believe a rolling that comes with it he will say to you letter juzu good ويتصوره and he perceives it على خلاف ما هو عليه opposite to what it is I'm a different to the reality of the matter فهذا جاهل that is ignorant person ويعتقد but he believes ويعتقد أنه يعتقد على ما هو عليه he believes that he believes that is what the reality of the matter is so he believes that he's believing is in accordance to the reality of the matter and that's a second ignorance and then how many ignorance are there in him ففيه جهلاني to ignorance جاهلون بالمدرك ignorance in the perception وجاهلون and also a what ignorance بأنه جاهلون ignorant not knowing that he's ignorant so there's two that's what it's called compound ignorance ولي ذلك at the point he said جاهلتا ولم تدري بأنك جاهلو you are ignorant and you don't know that you're ignorant فماللي who can bring it to your attention بأن تدري بأنك لا تدري who can bring it to your attention and make you know that you don't know because I can at least teach you that in it I can work with you and I can make you understand so جاهلتا ولم تدري ولم تدري بأنك جاهلو you're ignorant but in reality you don't know that you're ignorant who can only come and bring to your attention that you don't know and that you need to because what would happen at least then you will go and try to find out what it is one of the things brothers that causes or brings a person to fall into this form of جاهل which is called جاهلو مراقب is when he tries to take knowledge from other than a sheikh or a person of knowledge he takes it from books or he takes it from the internet or he takes it from a friend of his that person he falls into جاهلو مراقب ولي ذلك the poet he said ومن نال العلومة بغير شيخ anyone who takes on knowledge without a teacher without a sheikh يضل عن الصراط المستقيم that person will be misguided from the straight path وتلتبسوا الأمور عليه حتى and matters will mix up on him matters they will all mix up on him and it will all go wrong in his brain matters حتى until يكون أضل من توم الحكيم until he becomes more ignorant than توم الحكيم until he becomes more ignorant than توم الحكيم who is توم الحكيم توم الحكيم they said he was a man who was very جاهل جاهلو was جاهلو مراقب and the poet carries on saying the poet will explain to you who he was تصدق بالبنات على الرجال he gave women a صدقة to men صدقة men who were not married he said to the men he said to the men that were married your wives sometimes allow these brothers to take your wife تصدق صدقة love for your brother what you love for yourself and do صدقة and then read the آيات of صدقة تصدق بالبنات he gave the women in charity I let the جاهلو to men to come and sit with them you read the بداكة جنات and his intention was to get جاهلو مراقب ولذلك ولذلك once they said they said he's donkey smoke توم الحكيم he's donkey smoke and they said that he's donkey said لو أنسفت الده if the time was just if it was a just time that we live in today كنت أرقبه I would have climbed I توم الحكيم would have been my riding beast he would have been my my riding beast why لأنني جاهلو بسطن because my جاهل when he asked me something I said I don't know وصاحبي جاهلو مراقب and my friend is what جاهلو مراقب his ignorance is what جاهلو مراقب so what happens فيه جاهلاني there are two ignorance present in the person جاهلو بالمدراكي وجاهلو بأنه جاهلو جاهل in the perception جاهل on the fact that he's ignorant as for the person who has جاهلو بسطن what's his answer ففيه عدم الإدراكي بالكلية he only has one issue but said by the way it's the opposite to مراقب it's the opposite to compounded it just means singular ignorance meaning he has not perceived anything the definition of جاهل sorry علم I think the best definition that was given for the definition of knowledge was the definition شيخ بلعو if he mentions in his which is that هو إدراكو الشي على ما هو عليه إدراكي جاهزيما it is to perceive something as it is with a perception that is with certainty so perceiving something as it is with certainty so that's why I said the third point that the sheikh didn't mention أبي العالي الجويني we're going to add it to it we're going to add it on for him which is what he didn't mention that he has to be done with what جاهزيما are you with me it has to be done with conviction as they say unwavering conviction that the person he believes in this that is 100% so those three when those three points are found then it becomes are you with me what is it perception of the matter okay the third one is as it is and the third one is what and the third one is with certainty with certainty when we said remember the first part which one left the first one we said it is comprehending the matter comprehending the matter what left جهل مراكب left when we said as it is جهل مراكب left and when we said the last one with unwavering conviction what left these ones are the ones that leave شك ظن left شك ظن and left and وهم and وهم those three leave what is شك شك is when something is 50-50 for you 50-50 what is it when something is 50-50 it's called because there's no like there's no that conviction is not there it becomes شك the second one is ظن ظن is what when it's 90% when it's it's more than 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% are you with me what is that called that is called ظن that 90% is called what that 10% that's left is called وهم that 10% is called وهم نعم we'll take all of those how many do you have in total if you count you have 6 and they are called the 6 stages of comprehension are you with me you have علم you have the 2 types of ignorance and you have the 3 that I just mentioned 6 in total so what do you have you have علم you have جهل بسيط جهل مراكب you should have شك you should also have ظن and then you should also have what وهم also have وهم أقساموا العلمي types of knowledge how many types of knowledge are there والعلم knowledge والعلم knowledge أضروريوا before I move them there is a matter which I need to mention which is some scholars did say that the definition of knowledge should never be known but the definition of knowledge should never be used knowledge shouldn't be really defined nobody should take their time out to define knowledge are you with me there is no need to define knowledge knowledge is a because to define something is for you wanting to have knowledge of something correct so how can you define knowledge if you wanted to get knowledge from what you are defining so it doesn't work like that رداليكا they say a poet said a man was set a task to go and define the water he said go and define what water is so the poet he said فكرة طولة ليل فكرة طولة ليل all night he thought he thought how can he define water in the morning they won't answer from him يعمل فكرته to make his brain work and to find out what's the definition وفسر الماء بعد الجهدي بالماء but when he woke up in the morning after a lot of effort that he put into finding the best definition for it he came up and he said الماء هو الماء water is water it's one of those things that the poet said وليس يصحف الأدهاني شيء إذاحتاج النهار وإلا دليل it is not befitting for the mind if the sun the day the daytime requires definition if it needs to be clarified to the people means something that's that clear doesn't require a definite definition and that is the طريق بخاري تُك الإمام البخاري صحيحي did not define إبن حجر رحمه الله he said one of the reasons why he probably didn't define knowledge because بخاري has a كتاب كتاب العلم بخاري has it إبن حجر said the reason why he didn't define it the first reason was because علم is حب it doesn't require to be defined and he also said maybe بخاري didn't define it because بخاري's book is not a dictionary he doesn't define words also the definition of and when I said that the other definition was better than the definition of أبي العالي الجويلي is because أبي العالي when he defined it look what he said علم معريفة is معريفة المعلومي when you're defining something a word of that word shouldn't enter the definition because he said العلم knowledge is what معريفة المعلوم معلوم is from knowledge because there's there's that eye and there's that lamp and there's that beam present in the word معلوم so the Arabs they say that when you're defining اللي يدخولها it shouldn't enter it اللي يدخولها فيها it should not enter it بعض مشتقاتها anywhere that's rooted from it it should not enter the definition of the word that you're defining that's important so that is it he also he himself أبي العالي الجويلي he has a bigger book وصول الفق which he called it البرهان it's a bigger book than this book that we're reading right now he also said there is no need for what for علم to be defined for knowledge to be defined he mentioned that good أقسام العلمي the types of knowledge there are والعلم knowledge علم أضروري there's two types of knowledge there's knowledge which is called علم الضروري and علم المقتسب knowledge is two types علم الضروري and علم المقتسب the shape will define to us what they both what they both mean علم الضروري ما لا يقع علم الضروري is what ما لا يقع that which does not full or doesn't occur عن نظر with observation and study and look for evidences علم الضروري is something that you don't need to observe and you don't need to look for evidence for it okay it doesn't require observation and insha'Allah and insha'Allah later we're going to take that the one another it happens in two meanings another which is رؤية العين the seeing of the eye and it can also mean what رؤية الفكرة the brain your thought or something علم الضروري doesn't need you to have any studying educating yourself on it it's something if you choose to even if you even choose to make yourself become ignorant of it you can't it's something that no one is able you know it by way of necessity that is what that's what it is such as what كل علم الواقع it is it is the knowledge that occurs and it occurs by two ways by the way as you mentioned علم الضروري occurs by two ways first one is called كل علم الواقع بإحدى الحواس الخمسي it occurs by the five five feelings they say five senses five senses occurs by the five senses which are what السمعو hearing والبصارو and seeing والشموت taste is belly واللمسو touching والذوكو tasting it occurs through the five that knowledge it is what it's علم الضروري it is what علم الضروري you know that this person is sad do you need evidence for it to be brought to you that this is sad how did you come to know him whenever you see him can anyone open a doubt on you and say this is not sad do you need external evidence for it no good also when you see fire do you know by seeing fire do you automatically know that event is very sad look at a little child when you get close to a fire who taught him what school did he go to find that fireman huh who now so we're going to and it also is taken and how else if it's brought to you by multitude narration are you with me if I came up to you today and said to you there's no such there's no such a thing called Baghdad it doesn't exist it's all made up but you believe it why have you seen Baghdad it's a multitude narration who told you that Baghdad exist you can't put your finger on any particular person because it's what it's a large number حد التواتر it became too much you see good as for the second type it's called that was the first type the second is called it's the type of knowledge where you have to go and look for it you have to go and find out this occurs through what and another observation and and it occurs by you looking for evidences and this is what another is what another is here I told you before another happens two ways it's then another here is your brain you have to work your brain and and you have to work your brain out في حال المنظور in the thing that you're thinking about what means means what you have to go and look for evidences what evidence is هو المرشد it is the that which you want to the thing that you're requesting that's what it means all of those points we're going to define them one after the other after the sheikh defined for us what knowledge was and we learned what knowledge is he now moved on to telling us that knowledge is how many types two types علم ضروري علم المقتسب you see but we have to understand here whose knowledge is he referring to the خالق or the مخلوق the مخلوق Allah's knowledge is not called ضروري nor is it called مقتسبو so here we're talking about what علم المخلوق the knowledge of the creation okay that's the the two types is us the creation not the creator الله تبارك وتعالى and there are two types the first one is علم ضروري a knowledge which you learn through necessity عبدالله ابن صالح الفوزان he says وهو it is ما لا يقع عن نظر it is something that your brain doesn't have to work for it and you don't have to go out of your way to look for evidence for it you don't وذلك and that is إذا كان إدراك المعلوم ضروري and that is if that thing you got it by way of what you perceived it by way of necessity لا يحتاج it does not require that thing in another it doesn't require you to move your work your brain and it doesn't require you to go out of your way and look for evidence such as what كالعلم the knowledge بأن النار حارة to know that the fire burns وأن الكعبة وأن الكعبة is what قبلة المسلمينة وأن الكعبة is the قبلة of the believers that's علم الضروري for the Muslim also we Muslims what is also علم الضروري for us وأن محمدل صلى الله عليه وسلم رسول الله that the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم is who is the messenger of God for us is علم الضروري that should not انت علم so what happened the 80s what did they put in they put it علم المقتسب and then when they succeeded in that after bit what did they put it into run they took it out of the knowledge that's what they did and then what did they put it into شك and then finally what did they do it وهم bit by bit for us it stays at the first time which is علم الضروري it's a knowledge if we even want to as a Muslim if I want to even disbelieve in محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم it's like me trying to convince myself put your finger into this fire I can't my mind will not let me this knowledge is forcefully can you make yourself ignorant of the fire not burning of the fire burning sorry and say you know what it doesn't burn I don't believe it burns you can you can مثلا that is ومن العلم and the knowledge اللدي لا يحتاج إلى إلى نظر it doesn't require your brain to move so remember this all the time underline these two لا يحتاج إلى نظر it doesn't require نظر and it doesn't require نظر نظر is those two what does another mean as I said it is that your brain doesn't have to think okay what about تدلال you have to go out of your way look for evidences no you don't and it happens by two ways it occurs by two ways one is what as I said بإحدى الحواس الخمسة الغرا the five senses like hearing seeing touching smelling and tasting فإنه يحصل العلم بها knowledge can occur by one of those without you having to what be doing another without you don't have to work at your brain وليس تدلال and you don't have to also what and you don't have to what and you don't have to look for evidences for example if you hear Saad's voice huh if you hear Saad's voice would you know that it's his voice would you know it's his voice Saad's voice you heard it Saad would you say to yourself that's the sound of a horse you would لأنه it hit your ear and it became العلم ضروري you have to go out of your way and say Saad sit down make that noise again and or go out of your way and research huh that you don't or you see a white color or you saw a white color do you need to go and find evidences that this is why and what not no oh mess said just meant or you touched something somebody said turn around and it made you touch something and it was water they put your hand into water can you say that was fire huh العلم ضروري you will know it if somebody made you touch something hard and something soft can you tell the difference you can that's علم ضروري that is also all of it or somebody made you smell something they close your eyes from you and they told you smell something huh you can say this is that was a perfume or عتر or that was what and something that smelled bad something that rotten food العلم ضروري or somebody put something in your mouth and made you taste it now I'm going to ask you a question if some each each sense doesn't necessarily allow you to recognize it by another way so for example if I made you touch there's some food if you look at it it looks so juicy and nice and it tastes what from the eyes what does it look like it looks like this is this is nice food صحيح and then when you taste it it is the most sour huh sour your sour very sour but when when you look at it you thought it was very sweet and when did it turn out to be sour so all of those are that every all of that which comes through those means is called علم ضروري علم التواتر for example تواتر we took it تواتر is the knowledge that comes to you through a multitude multitude narration we say خبر جماع it's a group of a large amount of people يستحيلوا التواطور على الكديب but it's impossible for these people to agree upon this issue a Chinese guy tells you about Baghdad but an Australian tells you about Baghdad but an American tells you about Baghdad but an England tells you about Baghdad one from Baghdad tells you about Baghdad can you not he said you guys all agreed upon this lie does that make sense all of those people cannot lie تواتر it is that is important the second type is called علم النظري علم المكتسب it's both names are used it's called علم النظري علم المكتسب and it occurs with the two that the other one doesn't occur with what it is that which occurs another in Westidlal it requires from you what it requires for your brain to work and it requires for you to look for evidences we will stop there Insha'Allah Insha'Allah Insha'Allah Insha'Allah


If they are discrete masses then simply I do m 1 r 1 square plus m 2 r 2 square but if it is continuous mass the infinite such masses exist small small dm so I can't do summation I have to take help of integral now ok understood all of you understood right so now we are going to take up one by one different different objects and we will apply this popular of integral r square dm fine ok first write down ring how much you put out the axis ok so we are determining about the axis which is passing through the center and perpendicular to the plane like this ok about this axis what is the moment of an axis of this ring is in this one right so this is the small mass let's say this is the small mass dm what is a perpendicular is integral of perpendicular which is r square into dm same only so r square will come out of integral this will become r square integral of dm integral dm is what some of all passing through the center and perpendicular to the plane about the natural axis we got it how much it is if mass if an entire if an entire mass is located a distance r then the moment of inertia is m r square simply if the perpendicular distance of all is same so here as you mean masses are equal then only this end need not be equal to that end so we have got the moment of inertia about the axis passing through the center a ring of radius is small r small r with dm and your small r will change from 0 to capital r now you are basically integrating dm with i d i is for the so r square dm this is the moment of in terms of d r now this is mass per unit and the same thing center of mass also for the same it is done by r square into this like this right escape this if you think that if you have any doubts ask this will go for mass of the same it is so difficulty and this difficulty will work this will not going to help you anyway if you are not doing this this will not improve isn't it very straight forward and in class 12 same mass could become charge so you have to find charge per unit area into the area of the strip it will be again total charge q will be dq small charge in the strip ok so you just need to learn once and then replicate minimum charge it is not 0 why? you have to go over to each other fine so for solid cylinder also the moment of inertia ok