Hello and welcome to this session. This is Professor Farhat and this session we would look at previously used CPA questions that were released recently by the AI CPA. Those questions are the real deal. Those questions appeared on the CPA exam and this is the source, the holy grave of CPA questions. And specifically, these are far questions. As always, I would like to remind you to connect with me on LinkedIn if you haven't done so. YouTube is where I park my 1500 plus accounting, auditing, finance and tax lectures. This is a list of courses that I cover, including CPA questions. On my website, you will have access to additional material such as notes, PowerPoint slides, true, false, multiple choice, 2000 plus CPA questions and I have the file for the AI CPA recently released questions which you can download as well. Let's take a look at the first question and as I promise every time I list a question, I will tell you, for example, if you want to go to my learn about this topic, if you're not sure, go to my intermediate accounting playlist chapter three. So this is what this blue thing is all about. The following information pertain to Dash's company utility bills. Period covered. April 15 to May 15, the amount is 5,000, paid on June 1st. May 15 to June 15, $6,000. The bill was paid July 1st. June 15 to July 15, the bill was $8,000, paid on August 1st. The question reads, what is the amount that Dash should report as a liability in its June 30 balance sheet, June 30 balance sheet. Let's take a look at April 16, May 15, the amount was 5,000, it was paid. Therefore, we can cross this out. It was paid. It's not a liability anymore. May 15 to June 15, May 16 to June 15 bill, which was 6,000, it was not paid till July 1st. What does that mean? It means on June 30, this was a liability. So this is 6,000. Then June 16 to July 15, the bill was $8,000, and it was not paid till August. Now we have to be careful here. The bill was $8,000 from June 16 till July 15. So half of the month was in June. Therefore, half of it should be counted on the June 30th balance sheet. Therefore, the liability, the utility liability should be $10,000. $6,000, May 16 to June 15, and half of June 16 till July 15. And this is basically a form of adjusting entry. This is basically, this is why I refer you to chapter three. This is where I covered the adjusting entries. Let's take a look at this question. Under state law, Boka Company may reimburse the state directly for actual employment claims, or it may pay 3% of eligible gross wages. So Boka believes that actual unemployment claim will be 2% of the eligible gross wages and has chosen to reimburse the state. So they chose to estimate to be 2% of gross wages. Eligible gross wages are defined as the first $15,000 of wages paid to each employee. So simply put, the amount that's subject to this tax is only the first $15,000 of wages. Boka had four employees, each of whom earned $20,000 during the year. What amount should Boka report as a crude liability for unemployment claim in its year, in its first, in its year and balance sheet? Well, they paid each individual $20,000, but the only thing that's eligible for the tax is $15,000. So $15,000 times four, we have gross wages of $60,000. We estimate to pay 2%, and this should be $1,200. This is the liability. The answer is A as in alpha. This is an application problem, but it should not take you very long if you know the steps. So here you have to remember they chose 2%, and you have to be careful. Although they paid them $20,000, the state law, it says you only pay taxes on the first $15,000. So although they might pay them $2 million, it doesn't matter. You only pay $15,000 per employee. $15,000, you only pay $15,000, you only pay taxes on the first $15,000 of the employee wages. Let's take a look at this question. This is Chapter 14, Intermediate Accounting. On July 1st, year 7, Dean Company issued at a premium, bound with the due date of July 1st, year 12, five years. Dean incorrectly used the straight line method instead of the effective interest rate method to amortize the premium. Okay? How were the following amount affected by the error at June 30th, year 12? June 30th, year 12 is the bond mature. They're asking us, well, if they use the straight line versus the effective rate, what happened after five years, once the bond mature, it doesn't really matter. The bond carrying value will not be affected because the premium will equal to zero, whether it's straight line or effective rate, and retained earnings will not be affected because if we overstated an income in some years, it's going to be understated another years. The net effect is zero. So the net effect is zero. After five years, whether you use the straight line or the effective rate, the net effect over five years is the same. Therefore, there is no effect. Therefore, the answer is D. Okay? Notice it's by year 12, it doesn't matter. Okay? Let's assume the premium was 3,000. By year 12, the premium is down to zero. Let's assume the premium is 3,000. By year 12, the premium is down to zero. So it doesn't really matter by the end of the life of the asset. Now, in year one, we'll have a difference. In year two, we'll have a difference. In year three, we'll have a difference. In year four, we'll have a difference. In year five, basically, they cancel each other. So the difference offset each others. Okay? Let's take a look at this question. This is basically intermediate accounting chapter 16. On July 1st, Alto Company split its common stock 541 when the fair value was $100 per share. Prior to the split, Alto has 10,000 shares, $10 par value common stock and outstanding. After the split, the par value of the stock equal to what? Well, guess what? If you have 541 split, it means the market value of the stock was 100. If the market value was 100, the market value, it's going to go down to 20. It's going to be divided by 5. The 5,000 shares, the 10,000 shares becomes 50,000 shares. And the par value goes from 10 divided by 5 goes down to 2. Okay? So the par value becomes 2. Okay? Let me tell you why it doesn't make a difference. So you had 10,000 shares at $10 par value. So your common stock was 100,000. After the split, you had 50,000 shares, par value of 2. Same thing. The common stock balanced from 100,000. So before and after the split, notice the total is the same. So you can double check yourself, but you really don't want to waste your time on the exam. This should be like 20 second question. Well, if they split 541, well, the par value will have to be adjusted. Well, it means it has to be divided by 5, which is 2. Let's take a look at this question, which is basically from chapter 13. Allen Company has two employees. Each employee received two weeks of paid vacation each year. Vacation rights accumulate. One employee whose weekly salary is 600 took a two-week vacation during the year, but the other employee who earns 800 per week took no vacation during the year. And it's year and financial statement, what amount should the company report as vacation liability and vacation expense? Well, let's start with the liability. Do they have any liability? And the answer is yes, because the other employee, the $800 employee, okay, did not take the vacation and the vacation accumulate. So we have 600 worth of liability. This eliminated C and D. So A has a 600, B has a 600. So now we're down to 50-50. Now, expense, how do we record the expense? Well, let me tell you what happened. I'm going to do the journal entry and show you what happens. For the employee with 600, when they took the vacation, we debited vacation expense $1,200. We credit cash because we paid them the money. For the $800 employee, we debited vacation expense $1,600 for two weeks, and we credited vacation payable $1,600. And this is where this $1,600 is coming from, from this $1,600. Therefore, the expense, we expense $1,200. We expense $1,600. Therefore, the expense is $2,800. Although the employee did not take the vacation, it doesn't matter. We have to expense it in that particular year to match the expense with that particular year. Therefore, the expense is $2,800. So don't fall the expense is $1,200 alone. The expense is $2,800. In the next session, again, we will work more additional questions about the real deal, actual CPA questions. I strongly suggest you visit my website. I strongly suggest if you're studying for your CPA, you subscribe, have access to premium material, CPA practice questions, notes, PowerPoint slides, true, false, multiple choice. This is what you need to pass the CPA exam. It's a lifetime investment. Go ahead and do it. Good luck, and I'm here to help.


Live from Las Vegas, it's theCUBE. Covering InterConnect 2017, brought to you by IBM. Okay, welcome back everyone live here in Las Vegas. This is theCUBE's coverage of IBM's InterConnect 2017. I'm John Furrier, my co-host Dave Vellante, our next guest is Eric Herzog, CUBE alumni, vice president of product market at IBM Storage. Welcome back to theCUBE. Good to see you with the shirt on. Get the IBM tag there. Look at that. Well, you know, I've worn a Hawaiian shirt now. I think 10 cubes in a row. So I got to keep the streak going. So pretty sunny here in Vegas. Great weather. Storage is looking up as well. Give us the update. Obviously, this is never going away. We talk about all the time, but now cloud more than ever. A lot of action happening with storage. Storage of the data is a big part of it. Yeah. The big thing with us has been around hybrid cloud. It's our software portfolio, the spectrum family, spectrum virtualized, spectrum protect our backup package, spectrum scale our scale out. And as IBM cloud object storage, all will move data transparently from on premises configurations out to multiple cloud vendors, including IBM Bluemix, but also other vendors as well. That software is embedded on our array products, including our versus stack. And just two weeks ago at Cisco live in Melbourne, Australia, we did a benefit amounts with Cisco around our versus stack for the hybrid cloud. So what's the hybrid cloud equation look like for you guys right now? Because it is the hottest topic. It's almost like brute force everywhere as you see is hybrid cloud. That's what people want. How does it change the storage configurations? What's the solutions look like? What's different now than it was a year ago? I think the key thing you've got to be able to do is make sure that the data can move transparently from an on premise location or private cloud. You could have started as a private cloud config and then decide it's okay to use a public cloud with right security protocols. So whether you've got a private cloud moving to a public cloud provider like Bluemix or an on premises configuration moving to a public cloud provider like Bluemix, the idea is they can move that data back and forth. Now, with our Cisco announcements, Cisco with their cloud center is also providing the capability of moving applications back and forth. We move the data layer back and forth with spectrum virtualized or IBM's copy data management products, spectrum copy data management. And with cloud center or the ECS, the enterprise cloud suite from Cisco, you can move the data back and forth, sorry, move the application layer back and forth with that configuration on our versus tax. So this whole software defined thing starts, started when people realized, hey, we can run our data centers kind of the way the big hyperscalers do. IBM pivoted hard towards software defined. What's been the impact that you've seen with customers? Are they actually, I mean, there was a big branding announcement with spectrum everything while back. What's been the business impact of that shift? Well, for us, it's been very strong. So if you look at the last couple of quarters, according to the analysts that track the numbers, from a total storage perspective, we've moved in the number two position and have been now for the last two years. And for software defined storage, we're the number one provider of software defined storage in the world and have been for the last three years in a row. So we've been continuing to grow that business on the software defined side. We've got scale up block configurations, scale out block configurations, object storage with IBM cloud object storage and scale out NAS and file with our IBM spectrum scale. So if your file, block or object, we got you covered and you can use either AR competitors storage, we work with all our competitors gear, or you could go with your reseller and have them or your distributor provide the raw infrastructure, the servers, the storage, flash or hard drives and use our software on top to create essentially your own arrays. So when you say competitors gear, you're talking about what used to be known as the sand volume controller and now is spectrum virtualized, right? Yes, well we still sell the sand volume controller. When you buy spectrum virtualized, it comes as just a piece of software. When you buy the sand volume controller as well as our flash system V9000 and our store wise V7 and V5000s, they come with spectrum virtualized preloaded on the array. So we have three ways where the arrays preloaded, sand volume controller, flash systems V9000 and then the store wise products. So it's preloaded or you can buy the standalone software spectrum virtualized and put it on any hardware you want either way. I know where IBM conference, IBM hates, they don't talk about the competition directly but I have to ask the competitive question. So you've had a lot of changes in the business. Obviously cloud's coming in a big way. The Dell EMC merger has dislocated things and you still see a zillion startups in storage, which is amazing to me, right? Everybody say, oh storage is dead but then all this VC money still funneling in and all this innovation. What's happening in the storage landscape from your perspective? Well, I think there's a couple of things. So first of all, software defined has got its legs now. When you look at it from a market perspective, last quarter ended up at almost 400 million which put on, yeah, let's say a $1.6 to $2 billion trajectory for calendar 2017 out of a total software market of around 16 billion. So it's gone from nothing to roughly 2 billion out of 16 billion for all storage software of all various types. So that's hot. All flash arrays are still hot. You're looking at right now, last year, all flash arrays end up at roughly 25% of all arrays shipped. They're now in price parity. So an all flash array is not more expensive. So you see a lot of innovation around that. You're still seeing innovation around backup, right?   Because you know, the overall market is flat. So it is totally a drag out, knock down fight. The MMA and the UFC guys got nothing on what goes on in the storage business.  Meaning you got to gain share to grow, right? Yes, and it's all about fighting it out. This Hawaiian shirt looks Hawaiian, but just so you know, this is Kevlar. Just in case there's another storage coming here at the show. So what are the top conversations now with storage buyers? Because we saw Kenny's announcement about the storage object store flex for the cold storage, changes the price points. It's always going to be a price sensitive market, but they're still buying storage. What are those conversations that you're having? You mentioned moving data around. Do they want to move the data around? They want to keep it at the edge? Is it moving the application around? What are some of those key conversations that you're involved in? So we've done a couple of innovative things. One of the things we've done is worked with our sales team to create what we call the conversations. You know, I've been doing this storage gig now for 31 years, seven startups, IBM twice, EMC, Mac Store and Seagate.  I am a storage veteran. That's why this is a Kevlar Hawaiian shirt. But no CIO is a storage guy. I've never met one. In 31 years, ever, ever, ever met a storage guy. So what you have to do is elevate the conversation when you're talking to the customer about why it's important for their cloud, why it's important for machine learning, for cognitive, for artificial intelligence. You know, think about it, I'm a Star Trek guy. I like Star Wars true. But in Star Trek, bones, of course, wands the body. So guess what that is? That's the edge device going through the cloud to a big giant server farm. If that storage is not super resilient, the guy on the table might not make it. And if the storage isn't super fast, the guy on the table might not make it. And while Watson isn't there yet, Watson Health, they're getting there. So in 10 years from now, I expect when I go to the doctor, he's just like in Star Trek, waving the wand. And boy, you better make sure the storage that that wand is talking to better be highly resilient and high performing. How do you define resilient in your terms? So resilient means you really can't have more than 30 seconds, 50 seconds a year of downtime. Because whoever's on the table when that thing goes down has got a real problem. So you've got to be up all the time. And if you take it out of the healthcare space and look at other applications, you know, whether you look at trading applications, data is the new gold. Data is the new diamonds, it's about data. Yes, I'd love to have a mound of gold, but you know what, if you have the right amount of data, it's worth way more than a mound of gold is. You know, you're right about the CIO and storage. They don't want to worry about storage. They don't want to spend a lot of time thinking about it. CIO once said to me, I care about storage like this. I want it to be dirt cheap, lightning fast and rock solid. Now the industry has done a decent job with rock solid, I would say, but up until flash, not really that great with lightning fast and really not that great with dirt cheap. Prices come down for the hardware, but the management has been so expensive. So is the industry attacking that problem, and what's IBM doing? Yeah, so the big thing is all about automation. So when I talked about moving to the hybrid cloud, I talked about transparent migration, transparent movement. That's an automation play. So you want to automate as much as you can, and we've got some things that we're not willing to disclose yet that'll make our storage even more automated, whether it be from a predictive analytics perspective, self-healing storage that actually will heal itself, you know, go out and grab a code load and put the new code on because it knows there's a bug in the old code and do that transparently so the user doesn't have to do anything. It's all about automating data movement and data activity. And so we've already been doing that with the Spectrum family, and that Spectrum family ships on our storage systems and on our VersaStack, but automation is the critical key in storage. So I wonder, does that bring up new, Eric, new KPIs? Like I presume you guys dog food your own storage internally in your own IT. Yes. Are you seeing, cause it used to be, okay, the light screen and the disk drive and this is our uptime or downtime, planned downtime, and just sort of standard metrics that we've known for 30, 40 years. With automation, are we seeing a new set of metrics in KPIs emerge, self-healing, percentage of problems that corrected themselves? Well, you're also seeing things like time spent. So if you look at, go back to the downturn of seven, eight and nine, IT was devastated, right? And as you know, you've seen a lot of surveys that IT spend is basically back up to a 0.8, okay, the pre-08 crash. When you open up that envelope, they're not hiring storage guys anymore and usually not infrastructure guys. They're hiring guys to do DevOps and test dev and do cloud-based applications, which means there's not a lot of guys to run the storage. So one of the metrics we're seeing is how much guys do I have managing my storage or my infrastructure? I used to have 50, now I'm a big bank. Can I do it with 25? Can I do it with 20? Can I do it with 15? And then how much time do they spend between the networking and the storage, the facilities themselves, right? These data center guys have to manage all that. So there are new metrics about what is the workload that my actual human beings are doing, how much of that is storage versus something else? And there's way less guys doing storage as a full-time job anyway because what happened in the downturn? And so automation is critical to a guy running a data center whether he's a cloud guy, whether he's a small shop, and clearly in the Fortune Global 2500, those guys where they've got in-house IT, they've cut back on the infrastructure team and the storage team, so it's all about automation. So part of the KPIs are not just about the storage itself, such as uptime, cost per gig, cost per transaction, the bandwidth, those sorts of KPIs, but it's all about how much time do I really spend managing the storage? So if I've only got five guys now and I used to have 15 guys, those five guys are managing usually three to four to five times more storage than they did in 2008 and 2009. So now you got to do it with five guys instead of 15, so there's a KPI right there. So what about cloud? We heard David Kenney today talk about the object store with that funny name, and then he talked about this cloud-tearing thing and I couldn't stay, I had to get ready for the cube. How do you work with those guys? How do you sell a hybrid story together because cloud is eating away at the traditional infrastructure business, but it's all sort of one big happy family, I'm sure. But how do you work with the cloud group to really drive, you know, make the water level higher for IBM? So, all of our products from the Spectrum family, or not all, but almost all our products on the Spectrum family will automatically move data to the cloud, including IBM Bluemix slash SoftLayer, okay? So our on-premises can do it. If you buy our software only and don't buy our storage arrays, right, don't buy a store-visor, don't buy a flash system, you still can automatically move that data to the cloud, including to IBM Cloud Object Storage. Our Spectrum scale product, for example, scale out NAS and file system, which is very highly used in big data analytics and cognitive workloads, automatically, by policy, will tier data to IBM Cloud Object Storage. Spectrum protect can be set up to automatically take data and back it up from on-premises to IBM Cloud Object Storage. So we've automated those processes between our software and our array family and IBM Cloud Object Storage and Bluemix and SoftLayer. And by the way, in all honesty, we also work with other cloud vendors, just like they work with other storage vendors, right? All storage vendors can put data in Bluemix. Well, guess what? We can put data in clouds that are not Bluemix as well. Of course, we prefer Bluemix. We all have IBM employee stock purchase. So of course we want Bluemix first, but the customer, for whatever reason, doesn't see the light and doesn't go to Bluemix and goes with something else and we want to make sure that customer's happy, right? We want to get at least some of the PO and our Spectrum family and our VersaStack family and all our array family can get that part of the PO. We need the versatility to be on any cloud. We can be on any cloud. So my question for you is, the thing that came out of our Big Data Silicon Valley event last week was the Hadoop was a great example and that's kind of been now a small feature of the overall data ecosystem is that batch and real time are coming together. Right. So that conversation you're having that you mentioned earlier is about more real time than there is anything else, more than ever. Well, and real time gets back to my example of bones on Star Trek, wanting you over healthcare. That is real time. You know, he's got a phaser burn, a broken leg of this and that and then we know how to fix the guy. But if you don't get that from the wand then that's not real time analytics. I mean, just speaking of Star Trek, just how much data do you think the enterprise was throwing off? It's from an IOT standpoint. I'm sure that they had about 100 petabytes. All stored on IBM flash systems are raised by the way. Eric, thanks for coming on real quick. Give you next 30 seconds. Just give the folks a quick update on why. The update on why IBM storage is compelling now more than ever. Well, I think the key thing is most people don't realize IBM's the number two storage company world that has been for the last several years. But I think the big thing is our embracing of the hybrid cloud, our capability of automating all these processes. When they've got less guys doing storage and infrastructure in their shop, they need something that's automated that works with the cloud and that's what IBM storage does. All right, Eric Herzog here inside the queue, Vice President of Product Market for IBM Storage. I'm John Furrier. We'll have more live coverage from IBM Interconnect after this short break. Stay with us.


Hi everybody, we're back. This is Dave Vellante. We're here at HP Discover Day Two, we're at the Sands Convention Center in Las Vegas. This is the cube where we extract the signal from the noise. We bring you the best guests at these events and share with you their knowledge. I'm at Dave Vellante. If you want to tweet me questions, please do so. Two folks from all digital are here. They do broadcasting to mobile devices. We're going to get into that and talk about that quite a bit. Steve Smith is the vice president of network services and to my immediate left is Tim Napoleon, who's the chief strategist at all digital gentlemen. Thanks for coming on the cube and welcome. Thanks for inviting us.  But let's start with all digital. Guys based in Southern California, where all the action is in media. Tell us a little bit about the company. Who wants to take that? So the problem we tried to solve in the marketplace is we see there's a huge opportunity to help bring broadcast solutions to virtually anyone. So that could be a brand, that could be an enterprise company, could be an individual personality. So what they want to be able to do is take live and on demand content, ingest that into the cloud and get that out on their favorite devices, whether that's a mobile device, a tablet, a desktop, or even connected televisions. There's use cases across all those different verticals to really get their content services across as ever expanding universes of devices. Why they want to do that is because the audience, where people's attentions are turning to, are on these devices. You see the viewership, the video, and other types of services on devices going way up. Well, it's interesting, we were, John Furrier and I, my partner, we were talking the other day about the whole Nielsen ratings. Organizations have been canceling, the broadcasters have been canceling certain shows, and then they're realizing, wow, we're kind of using an outdated metric here. We're not counting, I don't know what the Nielsen measures, maybe a couple hundred thousand, maybe not even, maybe it's a couple thousand households. And here we are with mobile, and iPads, and everybody watching content online. So it must be a huge boost to your business all this action. Absolutely, you think about the term broadcast you use at Nielsen, and that used to just measure a few key broadcasters. At one point it's probably a handful, now it's maybe a few hundred. But with our software and cloud, what we're trying to enable is almost virtually anyone to be a broadcaster. So we have people that are literally on their iPhones creating their own broadcast going into the cloud and out to the different devices and audiences, or we have much more sophisticated traditional broadcasters that are getting things like live local news out to a new audience on all these different devices. So how's the service work? Talk about the sort of how I engage with all digital. So it's very simple in the sense that we have a product called all digital cloud. It's a cloud-based solution. You simply sign up with that, and then we give you a set of instructions on how to originate content into the system. And then we can go through a discovery process where we help you say what devices you want to be on, maybe what you want to have apps that work on those devices, how you want those to look. And our professional services team and integration services team configure those experiences for you. And then people can find your app in the Apple app store on the Android Play store on your favorite smart television platform. So the app, the content that's embedded within an app can be embedded in an app or can be available on an HTML5 type mobile web or desktop browser. And the value that you guys bring is turnkeying that experience. And there's additional promotion involved or not necessarily, it's up to me to promote, correct? Yeah, we're not the marketing arm for your company. We're more of the technical execution of it. But really what's great from a marketer's point of view is you're now able to get to lots of different devices. So maybe you don't have to just serve an audience on one specific platform. You can take your broadcast message and go as wide as possible. Okay, so you're like a better YouTube? Is that fair? I would say that YouTube is a phenomenal company and they give you a lot of ability to show videos online. What we find is a lot of our companies want a lot of control. They want to have control about what content, maybe what business models. They want control about how their brand is presented and what venues. And so we would be more appropriate for people that want to have control of their broadcast experience and keep it to the audiences that they find appropriate. Okay, and they might want to control the revenue flow too. They might want to have all the revenue go directly to them, that's a great point. All right, so Steve, talk about the network requirements. That's obviously your area of expertise. How are they evolving? What's changing as a result of all this video explosion and mobile explosion? How does that put increased pressure on what you have to do? Certainly we needed a way to solve the, to take large file sets, both the object size themselves, might be a large broadcast quality mezzanine asset. It might be a small mobile asset. It might be text files, it might be images and give that, present that in the cloud. So an example workflow that we see is we have a customer that has a mobile broadcast application. So anybody can download this app out of the iTunes store, put it on their phone and become a broadcaster. They do a short three minute clip. We will broadcast that live. At the conclusion of that broadcast, we take that asset and we store it on the store all and then we transcode it into a couple of different derivative formats and then present that for delivery out on the internet on demand. So they do live events with that. They also do just individual one to one, but that's an example workflow. So the file system, we needed something that could scale both in terms of size to be able to support a very large and complex name space, but also so that we could support the scalability, in other words, the performance of both ingesting those objects and delivering those objects. Well, that happened to make copies of them and move them into different areas for delivery. So we should talk. So here we are, we're on theCUBE. You getting this, Mark? We're doing live broadcasts, right? You said, so how would we engage? Let's say, so we're doing theCUBE, we're doing this live videos. You see this little mobile studio that we have here. You know, we're pumping out content like crazy. I guess that you can kind of watch it on your mobile. It's not necessarily the greatest experience. I mean, it kind of depends, but so, so what would we get from working with you guys? Yeah, so we have a product. It's called the all digital cloud. You can log into that product and you can set up a set of workflows and business rules and then that'll create a player object that you can then develop into your app framework. Or we can do that for you. And essentially the end user experience might be that you'd have a, let's say an iPad app. That iPad app can feature a live button when you're broadcasting live. You know, your favorite on-demand clips. Maybe you want to have some of the clips with your key partners be subscription. Maybe some of the clips you want to have advertising models. So you set those business rules and business tools. We can figure that all for you. And then the finished product is a very nice engaging app that you control. Additionally, maybe you want to have some RSS feeds. Maybe you want to have your Twitter and social integrated. Maybe you want to want the audience to be able to share clips from that app out to their friends that are on Facebook and other social media sites. So the experience from your point of view is it's a very turnkey service. And then once it's done, you now have the ability from a show like this to upload live or on-demand clips right into the system. And within a few minutes or live, if it's a live stream, publishes out to all of your audience in these various apps. Okay, so I would be of course responsible for the equipment that allows me to live stream on the web to your platform. Correct. So we connect into that. You would ingest that content. And then depending on how we set things up, what the policies are, the content would be rendered in the solution that we choose. Absolutely. And then the nice thing is your business rules, your content workflows, you're not having to replicate that for every device that you want to go to. Right. So using all digital, we provide a unified platform so you can publish to all these different connected experiences. Meaning different platforms, different operating systems. Yeah, so maybe you want a Roku channel or maybe you want to, you know, the new Xbox 720, maybe they need a channel. Maybe you want to have mobile, maybe you want to have iPad. So the goal of the platform is to be able to support all these new connected devices that come out and have your broadcast experience work on each one of them. That's cool. Definitely want to, that's the guy right there you got to talk to Mark Hopkins. I love it. Doesn't it? I love it. Real-time biz dev on the queue. My job is done here. All right, so Steve, you were talking a little bit about some of the requirements that you have and you guys are a Store All customer. Yes. So talk about how you use that platform. So Store All is effectively the center of our cloud universe. We have adopted basically a grid computing concept where we have clusters of machines that do various things in the workflow. For example, we have a group of machines that will do DRM encryption. We have other machines that will do DBR-like functions. We have other machines that will do server-side recording of live streams. We have other machines that will do transcoding. So the beauty of Store All is that we can scale it out in terms of performance. We can present that same namespace to a number of different machines. Either it'll look like block storage, it might look like NFS storage, but we can present that same file. So I don't need to move it around to other areas to do things to it. For example, like Tim said, if you have live events such as this, we can do a server-side recording on that. And then based on the workflow that you've designed, we can transcode that into, say, six derivative output formats, supporting Android, tablet, Android device, iOS, iPad, whatever your formats that you are, we can transcode those the moment that the broadcast is done. Now we have your recording. I don't need to replicate it within my cloud to do those sort of things because we have one center of storage. So, okay, so you've got some IP that does that, obviously. That's not a trivial thing.  That's very important when you're dealing, particularly with large objects like broadcast quality mezzanine, those can be two, 15, 20 gigabits in size. It's very large. Oh yeah, we face that all the time. We're constantly running out of storage here. All right, so Store All is the center of that pipeline. We were talking off camera a little bit about object. Do you see sort of object storage as a potential future direction that you guys would go? From the, I'll let Steve handle the technical term. From the business side, what we see that the opportunity that's really exciting to us is, if you think about all these different combinations, right? So you have just, even as a small broadcaster like ourselves, you know, thousands of assets coming into the platform. And then you're going to potentially, you know, millions of different device combinations. It creates potentially billions of different asset types. And so being able to search, find, query, do all of those different things very quickly really gives the broadcaster a competitive advantage because if you start to see in the broadcast world, especially in news and breaking news, the first person to get that article or that story out on the web, it's going to get the lion's share of the audience and the viewership. So all of this technology, one of the key benefits that drives back for the business user is it allows them to quickly create a channel, quickly search, find and add content to those channels and then distribute it very fast. And so you want a workflow that doesn't take weeks or days or hours, you want a workflow that's as near to real time as possible, even as your asset databases grow to billions and billions of objects. But to you, so we, I used the YouTube example before, I know it well, because that's what we use, but the real value that you bring is control over that experience. But unless I'm missing something, is there some inherent, you know, speed factor? It's because of your workflow system, I guess, right? Absolutely. Because I don't fully understand what that's all about relative to them. We designed our own workflow, I guess is the answer there. We have a homegrown workflow, so. Yeah, so you really, you know, the second that your video is published, how quickly is that available on an on-demand asset and all these different devices out there in your universe? And we think that making that a very fast, efficient process is important. Yeah, so for us, it's minutes, you know, which is pretty good. Yes. Right? But it wasn't always minutes. It used to be days or hours, you know. It took some effort to do that. But okay, so, but you got that right out of the box. That comes with the platform. So somebody that didn't sweat for two years trying to figure that out, you kind of get that immediately. Okay, that makes sense. We're making it easy for you. Yeah, right. All right, good. All right, talk about your, more about your relationship with HP. You guys been a customer of this for a long time? Or is the store all, it's kind of a new deal? Yeah, we were involved with a group called Ibrics. Yeah, okay. When that product launched, in fact, we really helped them kind of bake that product in. Yep. At our previous company, and the company was acquired by HP, still maintain a relationship with a lot of the Ibrics team that then became part of the store all team and continue that today. We help HP test their new store all software versions in addition to running store all in our production environment. What about analytics? We got all this metadata floating around out there around, particularly in video, when it was done, maybe some other attributes of metadata. Do you see analytics playing a role in either today or in the future in terms of adding value to your customers? Absolutely, in the broadcast world, if you don't measure it, it didn't happen. It's kind of the tree that fell in the woods, right? Right. You didn't record that. You can't sell it to advertisers. You can't record it for royalties. So having a very robust platform that not only can broadcast messages out, but also receive all that audience data back. And so store all is a great platform from that perspective that you have the disk speed and the disk IO to not only both be a broadcaster on the outbound, but take all of that data that comes back from those different apps back into the platform. So whether that data is people uploading videos or that's ad beacons or that's different types of analytic markers that you want to track, all of that comes back from the audience back into the system. And then it can be leveraged with your favorite reporting tools whether that's like an Omniture or Google Analytics or any of the HP products that do big data analysis. Okay, so you'll feed, for instance, maybe Google Analytics or Omniture is another one, but so you'll feed those systems and then I get my dashboards. Okay, so that's cool. Now, we've seen before, so you don't have a live platform, right?  So you push a live stream into us from your favorite encoding product. Okay. And then we take it from that. So talk about that a little bit. That's another part that I'm very interested in. So what differentiates you from other guys out there, just the TV, live stream, YouTube's now got its own live platform if you meet criteria. Again, it's a unified workflow that you have total control over. So just like you would dictate with your on-demand clips, who gets to see it? What's your business model? What's your economics around it? What's your brand around it? With live, it's the same thing. You can quickly create a live on your channel and send that out. We've added some additional features that are very popular. So one is insertion. So let's say that you're a bank branch and your bank branch is a primary area that maybe Spanish is the primary language.  And so you can set up business rules and policy there to do overlays of injected content, even in a live stream. So there's a lot of really kind of broadcast-centric features that you get as part of the platform. And I can obviously make it as open or closed as I want. Absolutely, total control. All right, Steve, so I want to give you the last word here on stuff you want to see from the technology community, things they could do to make your life better and then drive more business ultimately. Sure. Right now we're seeing more demand for cloud services in other geographic regions. We sort of view ourselves as a Switzerland, if you will, as an origin. Our customers can bring their own CDN or whatever distribution model they want to deliver their content to the Edge and end users. But we are seeing demand for more origin setups in, say, Europe, Asia, South America. I think we'd like to see better distribution technology within the store-all products so that our clients simply need to send us their content once. And then we have a secure methodology that basically we don't need to build ourselves, but that we could just leverage store-all to send that object or that file or whatever it is that's been ingested to a remote point quickly in real time. I think that's something that we're looking forward to in talking more with HBT-1. Excellent. Steve and Tim, thanks very much for coming on theCUBE. Really appreciate the story. And hopefully we can have a little discussion afterwards. Keep right there, buddy. This is theCUBE. I'm Dave Vellante. We're right back with our next guest live from HB Discover.


sales approach and the sales process continued, alignment with the market and the marketing department. So, there are various marketing techniques which we use in order to promote the sales. So, we need to know that what are the marketing efforts which are required in order to boost the sales process. So, there could be various promotional activities, maybe certain events can be designed, maybe certain discounts be offered to the market or maybe the potential customers as well as the initial customers. So, there could be various promotional activities, maybe the potential customers as well as the initial customers. So, there could be various promotional activities, maybe the potential customers as well as the initial customers as well as the initial customers as well as the initial customers as well as your product and your company and you can persuade them to buy or buy more regarding the product which you are selling. Similarly, good after-sales services or sometimes after-sales service. So, we can offer various types of promotions to support the product which we are selling and the market which we are talking about. So, we can offer various types of promotions to support the product which we are selling and the market which we are talking about. So, we can offer various types of promotions to support the sales cycle so that we can have more sales. So, that is the time where people start thinking about buying air-conditions for example, refrigerators for example. So, before that, if you give the offer that XY brand of the refrigerator that is available, let's say 10% lesser than the regular price, so that's the right time. Instead, if you give the offer that XY brand of the refrigerator that's the right time. So, the timing is very important for your promotional activities and then follow-up. Follow-up means that you have made a meeting, you have sent a WhatsApp message, you have emailed them or you have sent them a sample or a catalogue. So, then don't expect that they would respond. This is the duty of the sales department to follow it up. Let's say that you did a seminar with them, then after two days, four days, after a week, ask them, sir, have you made up your mind to buying our equipment, to buy our product and so on and so forth. Then it also includes goal-setting and target assignments, defining targets for new customer acquisition and existing customer sales. Without target-setting, we can't make a good plan. So, when we set our target, we keep existing customers in mind how many sales we are doing and how these sales can be increased. And along with that, in how many years or in this particular period, how many new customers we will engage. Sales activities enabling to achieve goals. Then what activities will we do so that the goals of sales, the target, the objective sales volume can be achieved and budget need to develop and implement sales activities. So, we plan every activity. Similarly, there are sales-related activities in which we said that you have to give us some giveaways, some catalogs, some visits, some seminars, if you want to invite them for lunch or tea or coffee, then you make a budget of all these things. And that budget is also necessary to understand and how much that budget will be and what activities will be covered in it. Unless you have budget, you cannot do these activities. So, Oscar determination, budget and acquiring that budget to spend on your sales-related activities is also an important process included in this selling efforts.


Good evening aspirants. Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar I.S. Academy for the date 13th November 2021. These are the list of articles we are going to discuss today. So without wasting much time let us start today's discussion. Let us start today's discussion by taking up this editorial article. See this editorial here deals with the non-aligned movement but very few points are discussed in this article. So what I am going to do is I am going to add some more points and discuss non-aligned movement holistically. Okay. So let us get into the discussion. See tomorrow that is the 14th of November is the birthday of our first Prime Minister that is Mr. Javar Lal Nehru. His birthday also marks the 60th anniversary of the non-aligned movement. See non-aligned movement is one of the important events which reflect Nehru's major contribution to the field of international relation. See today we are going to have a detailed discussion about the non-aligned movement, its origin and implication. Okay. The syllabus relevant to this article is highlighted here for your reference. So go through it. Okay. First let us quickly brush up through the history of non-aligned movement. See the non-aligned movement was created and founded during the height of the Cold War. This period coincided with the freedom struggle by the people of Africa, Asia, Latin America and other regions of the world which led to the collapse of the colonial system. And it is during this time the non-aligned movement was conceived and formed. See during the early days of the movement its actions were a key factor in the decolonization process. It even helped many countries achieve independence. Okay. So throughout its history the non-aligned movement has played a fundamental role in the prevention of world peace and security. Okay. Now let us see how the non-aligned movement was formed. See it is important to note that the stand of the third world countries during the Cold War. So who are the third world countries? The newly emerged nations after the end of the World War II were commonly referred to as the third world. The term third is there because the capitalist block led by the United States and the communist block led by the Soviet Union represent the other two worlds. Okay. While some meetings with the third world perspective were held before the 1955 historians consider the Bandung Asian African Conference as the main conference that led to the creation of the non-aligned movement. This conference that is the Bandung Conference which took place in Bandung in April of 1955 brought together 29 heads of state from two continents belonging to the first post-colonial generation of leaders. See the aim of the conference is to identify and assess the world issues at the time and to pursue joint policies in international relations. The 10 principle of Bandung which would regulate the interaction between large and small nations were proclaimed during that conference. The 10 principles of Bandung are given here for your reference. Go through it. See here you can find the similarity between the 10 principles of Bandung and the Nehru Spanchashil. Okay. These 10 principles of Bandung were later embraced to the core goals and objectives of the non-aligned policy. The fulfillment of these principles became the primary requirement for non-aligned movement membership. In 1960 in the right of the results gained in Bandung the foundation of the movement of non-aligned countries were given a major push during the 15th ordinary session of the United Nations General Assembly in 1960. A key role was played in this process by the then heads of state and government including Gamal Abdul Nazir of Egypt, Kwame Krumah of Ghana, Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Ahamad Sukarno of Indonesia and Tito of Yugoslavia who later became the founding members of the movement and its implementing leaders. Okay. The five founding members were, let me repeat, Gamal Abdul Nazir of Egypt, Kwame Krumah of Ghana, Nehru of India, Ahamad Sukarno of Indonesia and Tito of Yugoslavia. Okay. So six years after the Bandung the movement of non-aligned countries were formed on a wider geographical basis at the first summit conference of Belgrade. See this conference was held on September 1961. Okay. See Belgrade here is the capital of the no-extin Yugoslavia. Okay. The conference was attended by 25 countries including Afghanistan, Algeria, Yemen, Myanmar, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Congo, Cuba, Cyprus, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Lebanon, Mali, Morocco, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia and Yugoslavia. To avoid the bureaucratic ramification the founders of NAMM chose to proclaim it as a movement rather than an organization. Okay. See this movement was not intended to play a passive role in international politics but rather to formulate its own position independently in order to reflect the interest of its members. Okay. Now let us see some of the objectives of non-aligned countries. First is the non-aligned movement support of self-determination, national independence and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states. Second is the non-aligned movement's opposition to apartheid. Third is the focus of non-aligned movement to the independence of the non-aligned countries from the great provers that is U.S. and the USSR. Fourth is the non-aligned movements support to the struggle against imperialism in all its form and manifestation. Fifth is the non-aligned movements support for the struggle against colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, foreign occupation and domination and disarmament. See the non-aligned movement also believed in the non-interference into the internal affairs of states and peaceful coexistence among all nations. Seventh is the non-aligned movements focus on the strengthening of uniter nation. Eighth is that the non-aligned movement supported the democratization of international relations. See this movement also supported the socio-economic development and the restructuring of the international economic system. Finally, the non-aligned movements stood for the international cooperation on an equal footing. These are the objectives of the non-aligned movement. Now let us see how India evolved with the non-aligned movement. As I already said, India is one of the founding members of the non-aligned movement. See India's policy of non-alignment was a result of its own colonial experience and its non-violent indeminent struggle. It was determined that an indeminent India's new foreign policy should be free from the political domination and economic interference from western capitalism and Soviet communism. The term non-alignment was first coined by India's first defence minister, Mr. V. Krishnameran during a speech at the United Nation in 1953. And later it would be used by our Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru from 1954 onwards. In a speech at Colombo, Sri Lanka the same year that is 1954, Mr. Jawaharlal Nehru laid down the five principles that would be the cornerstone of the non-aligned movement policy. The principles were mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, mutual non-interference in domestic affairs, equality and mutual benefit, finally peaceful coexistence. These five principles would become the Panchashil, the guiding force behind the Indo-China relationship. India's stance of non-alignment earned it tremendous worldwide reputation among former colonies who were fearful of joining either the US or the USSR during the Cold War period. However, certain events in the 1980s stained such status. Events like the signing of Treaty of Friendship between the Soviet Union and the interference in the internal affairs of its smaller neighbors during the 1980s, India's position regarding non-aligned movement was severely questioned. India's regional adversaries believed that New Delhi's non-alignment and non-interference policy exclusively applied to countries outside the region. So, these factors contributed to the failure of NAM as well. See, India being the founder and the largest member in NAM was an active participant in the NAM meetings till the 1970s. But India's inclination towards the erstwhile USSR created confusions in smaller members. It also led to the weakening of NAM and the smaller member countries drifted either towards the USSR. Further, the disintegration of the USSR led to the creation of a unipolar world order dominated by the United States. See, India after its new economic policy of 1991 started inclining towards the United States. So, this also raised questions regarding India's commitment to the non-alignment. See, recently the Prime Minister of India skipped the 17th non-alignment summit held in Venezuela in 2016. It was only the second such instance when the head of the state didn't participate in the non-aligned conference. India in particular and almost most other non-aligned countries have integrated themselves at varying degrees with the liberal economic order and have benefited from it. India is a member of the G20 and has declared itself a nuclear weapon power and has all the practical purpose abandoned the call for global nuclear disarmament. India has also engaged itself with the new and old global powers. India joining the Quad Initiative, a coalition seen by many as a counter force to China's rise in the Indo-Pacific and India joining Shanghai Cooperation Organization led by China shows India's balancing approach in the new world order. India is striving hard for a multi-polar world order and asserting itself as one of the players. Multi-polar world order according to India is very similar to the earlier principles of norm. So, India is denying the claims that it is non-aligned and is still focused on the principles of the non-aligned movement. So, does non-aligned movement have a relevance in the modern world order or is it a vestigial organ? See, actually non-aligned movement still does hold relevance. So, let's see some points that states that the non-aligned movement is still relevant. First is the new Cold War. See, a new silent war is going on between China and the United States. The war is manifested in the recent US-China trade war, the United States Quad Initiative to counter China and the emergence of Indo-Pacific narrative. So, the non-aligned movement can play a positive role in bringing down the tensions between the two sides. Second is the rise of the neocolonialism. So, what is neocolonialism? See, in the 18th and 19th century, the countries through their direct military control imposed their hegemony. In the 21st century, countries used various tools like capitalism, globalism, cultural imperialism and conditional aid to influence a developing country. So, this is known as the neocolonialism. China's Belt and Road Initiative and the Depth Trap Diplomacy is an example of neocolonialism in action. So, non-aligned movement can help the third world countries to tide over this neocolonialistic forces. The third is that the non-aligned movement can play a significant role in the restructuring and the democratization of the United Nations. Presently, the United Nations is undemocratic due to the veto power of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. Non-aligned movement countries can voice their concern together and help bring the changes in the United Nations setup. The fourth is that the non-aligned movement can also help mobilize international public opinion on safeguarding the rights of the developing countries and help generate opinion regarding the climate change. See, the non-aligned movement countries which are mostly developing countries have contributed least to the climate change and would be affected most by the climate change. So, they can fight together to ensure climate justice and make the developed countries pay their share for their contribution to the global climate change. Fifth is that non-aligned movement countries can also help voice the rights of the developing countries in the global institution like World Trade Organization. See, in the WTO, the non-aligned movement members mostly developing countries can fight for their rights to continue their food procurement program and help find a permanent solution instead of the peace clause which is currently in action. So, even though their original objective is now not relevant, the non-aligned movement can reinvent itself and can act as a collective outlet of voices of the third world countries. So, yes, NAM is a still relevant organization which should not be ignored. So, now to recap, in this discussion, we covered various aspects of NAM like its history, its evolution, its objectives, India-NAM relation through the years and finally, we saw the relevance of non-aligned movement in the 21st century. So, with this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next article. Now, let us take up this news article. The news article talks about a rare infection reported in Kerala. It is the Norovirus infection. As of now, the infection spread has been brought under the control and measures have been taken to prevent the further spread of the virus. So, actually what is this Norovirus? See, Norovirus is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. It causes acute gastroenteritis, that is inflammation of stomach and intestines. It affects people of all ages and it is highly contagious because it can spread very easily.  So, how does this virus spread? See, this virus commonly spreads through food or water that is contaminated during preparation or through contaminated surfaces. It also spreads due to close contact with an infected person. What are the symptoms of Norovirus? See, its symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, nausea and stomach pain. A person usually develops symptoms 12 to 48 hours after being exposed to Norovirus. Because of these symptoms, Norovirus is sometimes called the stomach flu or stomach bug. But actually remember, Norovirus is not related to flu which is caused by influenza virus. Therefore, Norovirus is a common virus that is not related to the flu. Now, let us see some important facts related to Norovirus. Norovirus is the most common cause of vomiting and diarrhea and foodborne illness. See, these symptoms that is vomiting and diarrhea can lead to dehydration especially in young children, older adults and people with other illnesses. If dehydration happens, then medical attention is necessary. If you look at the disease burden, an estimated 68 crore Norovirus cases are reported annually and about 20 crore cases are seen among children under 5 years old. This leads to an estimated 50,000 children death every year. This mostly happens in the developing countries. So, the points to remember is that it is the number one cause of foodborne illness and one among the four main causes of foodborne deaths in developing countries. See, this Norovirus illness is a problem in both low-income and high-income countries also. Another fact to be noted here is that a person can get Norovirus illness many times in his life because there are different types of Norovirus and the infection with one type of Norovirus may not protect against another type of Norovirus. This also makes development of vaccines against Norovirus a difficult task. And also note here that most people get better within one to three days. So, this is not a very dangerous virus. So, now let us see how to prevent the spread of the Norovirus. See, it can be prevented if infected individuals wash their hands frequently with soap and water. We cannot use hand sanitizer against the virus because alcohol handles do not kill the Norovirus. Along with this, we can take these measures also. The measures include isolating the sick. The next is the careful food preparation. And the third one is the immediate cleanup after the illness. And the last is the using the water after treating it properly. So, our next question would be what is the treatment available against Norovirus? Actually, there is no specific medicine to treat people with Norovirus illness. Rather, the infected individuals are asked to drink plenty of liquids to help prevent dehydration. So, in this segment, we discussed about the Norovirus, mode of transmission of the virus, symptoms of the virus, measures to prevent the transmission of the virus and the treatment available for the virus. So, with this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next article. Now, let us take up this article for our next discussion. This particular news article is about the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019. When introduced in the parliament in 2019, the bill was referred to the Joint Parliamentary Committee. The committee's report on the bill has been stalled due to last minute changes which led to protests by the opposition. So, the syllabus covered by this article is highlighted here for your reference. Go through it. First, we shall see some of the basic details about the bill for the better understanding. Now, what is data? See, data is of two types. First is the personal data and second is the non-personal data. See, personal data is used to identify an individual. For example, caste, religion, biometric data, etc. And non-personal data includes data through which individuals cannot be identified. For example, traffic flow, weather details, etc. See here, by looking at the traffic flow data, we cannot identify the individual, right? So, this is a non-personal data. Okay, know that we have seen the definition of data. Let us see what is data protection. See, data protection includes the policies and procedures that aims to protect the privacy of an individual. See, normally privacy of an individual is affected by the collection and usage of their personal data. Here, data protection helps in the protection of the privacy of the individuals. Okay, since we have seen the basic details, now let us look into the question why such a bill has been brought up. That is, why such a bill is necessary? See, it was drafted. That is, the personal data protection bill 2019 was drafted following Supreme Court judgment in August 2017 that declared right to privacy as a fundamental right. We all know that the case, that is the Putta Swami case. Currently, the personal data is regulated by the Information Technology Rules 2011. So, there was a need for a separate act to manage the personal data and ensure privacy of the individual. So, that is why this bill has been drafted. Okay, now let us see some of the salient features of the Personal Data Protection Bill 2019. See, the bill regulates personal data related to an individual. When I say it regulates, it actually regulates the processing collection and storage of the personal data. There are some important terms mentioned in the bill like data principle and data fiduciary. Let us see them one by one. See, under the bill, a data principle is an individual whose personal data is being processed. The processing of personal data can be done only on the basis of consent given by the data principle that is the individual whose data is being processed. So, basically, data principle is the data owner. Now, let us see what is a data fiduciary. See, a data fiduciary is a service provider who collects, stores and process the data. These data fiduciary use the data for providing goods and services. So, data fiduciary is an institution or a service provider which process the data. See, for example, Facebook is a data fiduciary, Twitter is a data fiduciary, and UIDAI is also a data fiduciary. Hope you guys can understand. So, whom does this bill govern? See, this bill governs the processing of personal data by both government and private companies that are incorporated in India. The bill also governs the foreign companies if the foreign companies deal with personal data of individuals in India. So, companies like Facebook and WhatsApp are governed by the bill. The bill also provides some rights to the data principle that is the data owner. The rights include right to seek confirmation on whether their personal data has been processed, right to seek correction of their data, right to seek completion of their data, right to seek transfer of data to other data fiduciaries and right to restricting the disclosure of their personal data. So, these are the rights provided to the data principle by the bill. The bill established an authority called the Data Protection Authority. See, this authority aims to protect the interest of the individuals and prevent misuse of personal data. See, this authority also ensures compliance with the bill. That is the Personal Data Protection Bill. See, this bill also includes a provision for removal of data mirroring. So, what is data mirroring? See, data mirroring refers to the real-time operation of copying data as an exact copy from one location to a local or remote storage medium. The bill also ensures data localization of sensitive personal data such as biometrics, financial data and critical personal data notified by the government. So, what is data localization? See, data localization is nothing but storing data on any device physically within the borders of a country where the data is generated. For example, if an Indian makes a financial transaction using GPA, this critical financial data must be stored by Google in a data center located in India. Okay, hope you guys can follow. So, now that we have seen the basic provisions, let us understand the issue discussed in the article. It is said that three subclasses from the draft bill is removed. These subclasses give the data owner or the data principle the right to file complaint against the data controller or the data fiduciary. The counter argument given by the officials of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology is that latest IT rules deal with the social media accountability. So, it will be a duplicity if it is included in the data protection bill also. Adding to this, a member said that amendment of the provision for penalty for misuse of data has not been discussed yet. We will know the changes brought in the bill in the upcoming sessions of the parliament. See, data is going to be a key factor in geopolitics in the coming years. So, India should have a solid yet effective data protection policy to back its stand in the geopolitics. Okay, so in this segment, we discussed about the basic definition regarding various terms like data, data protection, data principle, data fiduciary, data mirroring and data localization. We also saw some key provisions of the data protection bill 2019. With this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next article. Now let us take up this article for our next discussion. See, there has been a sudden surge of migrants including women and children in the Belarus-Poland border. This has caused tension between both the countries. See, the migrants who are estimated to number between 2000 to 4000 are largely from West Asia including Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria. They have attempted to cross into Poland multiple times in hopes of obtaining the refugee status in the European Union country. This is the context behind the news article. So, first, let us understand how the migrants ended up in the Polish border. See, according to Poland and Lithuania, who are two European neighbors of Belarus, the Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko is the reason behind the entire catastrophe. See, his victory in the 2020 presidential polls was widely perceived as fraudulent and this incident triggered nationwide protests by pro-democracy activists. Lukashenko launched a violent track down to which the European Union retaliated by imposing punitive sanctions on officials and entities linked to the Belarusian regime. Protesters fearing repression were also granted asylum in Poland, where they were permitted to spread anti-Lukashenko propaganda. Poland therefore views the migrant surge at its border as Belarus' attempt to retaliate against the sanctions. It has claimed that Belarus is waging a hybrid war by deploying unconventional methods to apply pressure to an adversary, that is Poland. Lithuania too has accused Belarus of weaponizing migrants by attracting hundreds of them into minx from West Asia and then pushing them into the forest along the border with the goal of causing unrest in the European Union. Despite the several sanctions, Lukashenko threatened to lift border controls on movement of refugee, drugs and possibly nuclear materials in June this year. As a result, the European Union seized this week's event as Lukashenko carrying out the threats. Belarus on its part has stated that migrants arrived in Belarus legally and made their way to Polish border on their own. Now let us see how Poland has responded to this issue. Poland is ruled by right-winged populist law and justice party, that is PIS, which is anti-immigration. And it has tightened its border security deploying 15,000 troops and established a two mile wide buffer zone to prevent illegal border crossing. Those who have managed to cross over were pushed back into Belarus by Polish security forces. Now let us look at the geopolitical ramification of the issue. After Poland's troop build up along the Belarus border, Russia in solidarity with Belarus has deployed two bombers to patrol the region. Through this move, Russia is signaling Poland that Belarus is having the full backing of Russia. Russia also views the move by Poland as hostile. Russia also blamed the European Union's anti-immigration stand as the reason for the current migrant crisis. Because of the present situation, European Union is planning to further put sanctions on Belarus. Poland has also planned not to take any migrants. Belarus on their part is not providing any aid to the migrants camping in the Belarus-Poland border. So with the winter closing in, lives of many migrants are at risk without any proper support from the countries. This is the issue. So in exam perspective, focus on the geography of the area here. Like focus on countries bordering Belarus. Does Poland have a land border with Russia? Major rivers of the areas like Neman, Pripyat, Diniper, where these rivers originate and where these rivers drain. Does Poland have a border with North Sea or Baltic Sea? Take your atlas, go through the areas around Belarus and look for the answers for the question that I have just mentioned. This is how you have to prepare for map-based questions. Actually, when you study for a long time, taking your atlas and looking at places in it will give you the necessary and useful distraction. Also, try and post in the comment section the facts to help your fellow aspirants. So in this discussion, we saw about the recent border crisis between Poland and Belarus and we also saw how to prepare for map-based questions. So with this, let us conclude this discussion and take up the next article. Now let us take up this article for our next discussion. This article is based on the National Sample Survey conducted by two organizations. They are ICREER and LIRNE Asia. See, ICREER, that is the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, is an autonomous policy-oriented, non-profit research institute. This is a think tank that focuses on supporting India's interface with the global economy. And LIRNE Asia is a think tank focused on digital policy. For this survey, 7000 households were covered from all over the country except the state of Kerala. This article covers some of the findings of the survey. The survey says that only 20% of school-age children in India had access to remote education during the pandemic, of which only half participated in live online classes. That is only 10% of school-going children participated in live online lessons. Next shocking figure is that 38% of the household surveyed said that at least one child dropped out of school completely due to COVID-19. The survey states that although digital connectivity shot up by 40% during the pandemic, the low access to devices, poor signal and high costs prevented most school children from reaping the benefits of digital connectivity. See, among the children, those aged between 5 to 18 years, it found that 80% of those who were enrolled in schools prior to the pandemic did not receive any educational services after the schools were shut down due to the pandemic. Among the 20% who received education, only 50% had access to live online classes, while 68% had access to recorded audio or video lessons. Also, almost 70% of the children surveyed had contact with their teachers via phone calls. So these are some important findings from the survey, okay? See, you can use these data in your main sensor, mainly in the interaction part. See, adding data in your main sensor give legitimacy to the claim you are making, and it will also help you fetch more marks. You can use the above in main sensors relating to digital divide impacts of COVID and questions related to internet penetration. So with this, let us conclude today's discussion. Now, let us take up the practice films questions. Now, let us take up the first question. This question is regarding norovirus. They have asked us to find the wrong statement in reference to norovirus. The first statement is, it causes acute gastroendities and affects people of all ages. This statement is true. Second statement, it is related to the flu caused by influenza virus leading to vomit and diarrhea. So this statement is wrong. See, actually, we saw that norovirus is actually caused by norovirus, which is not an influenza virus. So even though it causes vomiting and diarrhea, it is not related to flu. So the correct answer is option B, okay? We can also see the other statements also. See, it is the leading cause of foot bone illness in both low and high income countries. This statement is true. And the last statement, no specific medicine is available to treat people but drinking plenty of liquid helps. So we saw it causes vomiting and diarrhea. So it will cause dehydration. So it is advised to drink a lot of liquids. So the fourth statement is also correct. So for the first question, the correct answer is option B. So now moving on to the second question. This is a map based question. The question asks, which of the following countries does not border Baltic Sea? See, the Baltic Sea is surrounded by nine countries. They are Denmark, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russia, Finland and Sweden. See, Belarus is a landlocked country and does not border Baltic Sea. So the correct answer is option A, Belarus. We have two main questions today. Write the answers and post it in the comment section so that I can evaluate. So actually, I was not able to evaluate the answers for the past two presentations which I took. So what I am going to do today is I will evaluate the answers. So keep writing the answers and post it in the comment section. So with this, we can conclude our discussion. If you like this video, like, comment and share it with your friends and do subscribe to Shankara AS Akadabhi YouTube channel. Thank you.


Sy Hirsch has a piece at his sub-stack account entitled How America Took Out the Nord Stream Pipeline. The New York Times called it a quote-unquote mystery, but the United States executed a covert sea operation that was kept secret until now. For insight into this, let's turn to our first guest. He works with Tell the Word, a publishing arm of the Ecumenical Church of the Savior in inner-city Washington. His 27-year career as a CIA analyst includes serving as chief of the Soviet Foreign Policy Branch and preparer-briefer of the President's Daily Brief. He is co-founder of veteran intelligence professionals for sanity, and he is, of course, Ray McGovern. As always, Ray, welcome back. Thanks for having me. So Sy Hirsch writes, last June, the Navy divers operating under the cover of a widely publicized Midsummer NATO exercise known as BALT OPS-22 planted the remotely triggered explosives that, three months later, destroyed three of the four Nord Stream Pipelines. This is according to a source with direct knowledge of the operational planning. What I'll say, Ray, is usually when we hear of unknown sources, we tend to question the veracity or validity of the piece, but if it's Sy Hirsch, I got to give it its due. Ray McGovern. I know Sy Hirsch. I know you do. I know him to be a meticulous reporter, winner of five Pulp Awards, Pulitzer Prize. You name it, back in the day when honest reporters were so honored. This piece has all the earmarks of the size meticulous approach, and he clearly has a very good source who felt a constitutional obligation to honor his or her, both to the Constitution of the United States, which is the supreme oath, any of us take, and that is to make sure that you tell the truth, especially when the Constitution is being violated. This was an act of war, pure and simple, curiously enough it was against Germany, and curiously enough President Joseph Biden at a press conference in the presence of the Chancellor of Germany Olaf Scholz said this was going to happen if Russia invaded Ukraine, and of course he was asked, well, how do you do this? How can you be so confident that this will not stream or be killed? And Biden said, well, just trust me, it's going to happen. And so she, bilingual, the Reuters reporter, turned to Scholz, and this is not widely available right now for obvious reasons, and she said, well, I mean, do you agree with that? I mean, hello, how do you feel about this? And this hack, this political hack said, we do everything together, we do everything together, we will be together on this. So that's available now. It's available, not Syhershi's piece yet, but that interview is available in Germany. You know, I describe Olaf Scholz as kind of the epitome of the abused spouse. He stands there and is abused not by his master, Joe Biden, not only by, but also by this hack that he has as foreign minister. Her name is Baalbock. She is the most vociferous of all the people saying that we are at war. That's what she said, we are at war with Russia. So the question will be. It has been 90 years, count them, nine, zero years since the Nazis were making a push for power in Germany. Okay. What happened? The Reichstag, the German parliament building was burned down at the end of January, 1933. Okay. What happened? The Germans caved. The Nazis didn't have a majority, but they scared the lemon daylight set of German citizens. First of all, social democrats gave in. Next of all, the central party, the Catholic party, no one spoke up. We know the rest of the story, all right? Now, sometimes history is replete with iron age. Here it is exactly to the month. 90 years later, will the German people acquiesce in their energy, in their industry, and then their bodies being frozen out this winter?  And neither does Baalbock get out of here and replace that government. Now, key to all this, of course, is the fact that I already mentioned Cy Hersh's piece has not been published in Germany. The New York Times hasn't published it. The major media haven't published it. Where did Cy have to publish this on substack? Now, at one point, he had a friend at the German newspaper, D-Vet, and they published an incredible expose on Syria. It turned out to be true, but Cy couldn't get it published anywhere else. He used to publish in the New York Times, then in the New Yorker. He has been banned. So the question is, will it be possible to inform the, to inform not only American people, but more important, the German people that they've been had? Okay. This is, this is depriving them of livelihoods and industry.  That's too far. We're going to look, we're going to look at things differently, first and foremost, our involvement in Ukraine. Right. Domestically here, in this piece, if it is to be believed, which I believe it, and it certainly warrants an internal investigation here, the Biden administration admitted that what they were doing was an act of war, which means they understood that only Congress could, in fact, cont, constitutionally clear that action. And they, with malice and a forethought, took action to mitigate their accountability to the constitution and Congress. A, and Joe Biden was the head guy there. He was the man that eventually they decided rather than just put explosives on it, apparently Biden wanted to give the word for when it was done. This is an impeachable offense. This is a requirement of Congress to act on it. Your thoughts on Congress not acting on it, I don't suspect they will. And, and, and if there will be ultimately in long-term any ramifications for that, your thoughts on that anyway. Oh, right. Well, again, if the, if the big tree falls in the forest and there's no one around to hear it fall, does it make a sound? It is incredible how the New York Times, actually, I've taken to calling the New York Times, the New Journal, the New Yellow, the New Yellow Times, after yellow journalism, which most people know, is, you know, it is what you do when you, when you exaggerate or slant things beyond the truth, the, the New Yellow Times can prevent this from being heard and prevent more, more important now, uh, corroboration from being voiced. We have corroboration now from Gil Dottoro in, in Brussels, Larry Johnson in Tampa. It's coming in. And so I applaud the source that told Sai Hirsch, all this information. I believe that implicitly, Sai has never been wrong on really important issues like this. As I say, he's meticulous and he was distraught. And I know this personally, distraught at all the stuff about Russia He and Bob Perry used to, my mentor, Robert Perry who consortium news used to commiserate on the phone and, you know, what's happened to the, to the media. So here, here again, we have the media right in the middle of this thing. Only Tucker Carlson has had the, uh, cojonas, so far to play this story. Will it go further? I just, well, I don't know. I'd like try to be the optimist they can the New York Times can the major media suppress this indefinitely Well, I suppose they can they've they've suppressed other stories equally important Like the fact that the Russians are proven not to have hacked into the DNC and that the proven that the Russian The Russian Offensive there with Facebook Mounted to nothing so if they can deceive the American people as the American people are willing to be deceived then you know, this will not have his desired effect the fact that that Cy had to go on on Substack to do this is really a lured manifestation of the fact that not even the most the most prized the most meticulous Investigative reporter in the United States could not get this published elsewhere that speaks volumes part of this piece side discusses meetings that Victoria Newland and Anthony Blinken and Jake Sullivan held in the executive office of the president where they debated options for an attack on the pipeline and He writes at the CIA argued that whatever was done it would have to be covert and at the time the CIA was directed by Bill Burns as Side describes him a mild mannered former ambassador to Russia. I know you know Burns well He says that Burns quickly authorized a CIA working group whose ad hoc members Included someone who was familiar with the capacity of these Navy deep-sea divers Your thoughts on Burns's involvement in this. I Do know Burns. He let me Well in effect shame James Clapper by pointing out to an audience That Clapper had admitted that he That he fudged the evidence on weapons of mass destruction before the attack on Iraq Burns was Some of us hope that he might be the adult in the room But Burns is the epitome of a cog in the in the wheels of the system He's a State Department type. He got to be number two in the State Department You don't get to be number two in the State Department unless you salute Whether it's a harebrained scheme or not you salute. Well, here you have the epitome of a harebrained scheme Did did Burns salute? Yes, as soon as the president says do it. He turned to his people and he said do it and they say they rubbed their hands Man, it's gonna be fun. We can do this. We can work with the Navy. We can do it. Okay. Now. What did the analysts say? well Burns didn't give a rat's patootie about what his analysts say What's I hear she includes the notion that this salmon Listen, yeah, this is really crazy.  This is gonna come back to bite us That's what we always used to say on Kakamemi schemes like this What's the point here? The point here is that the operations people at CIA get all the money get all the attention and get all the Influential but whatever director comes in and another side lesson here is that if you're gonna pick a director For the CIA.  He's the last guy we had like that God forbid we keep having these Well these bureaucrats that salute when the president says jump one thing I did want to ask you I had some thoughts You know the last interesting the last Sentence where you know, whoever the sources says, oh, yeah, they did this thing. It was a brilliant operation blah blah blah He says the only flaw was the decision to do it. Here's what it seems to me I'm guessing it seemed like it came from somebody in the Pentagon based on the knowledge They basically said, you know, these idiots in the executive department that not a good move Ah, CIA was in not real smart saved the State Department at bad move Pentagon wasn't mentioned and there are generally some I have heard recently that there are some pragmatists It almost seems like they're me. Well, anyway, your thoughts on the origins of this if you have any Well, all I can say is that Psyhurst has proven for about 40 years now that he is a trusted journalist and When someone and I suspect it, you know aptly pertain to this particular source When someone sees that an act of war has been has been committed by our government against all the Against the Constitution Maybe maybe not against the US designed rules-based order Well, you know, we all swear an oath to protect and defend the Constitution United States against all enemies Foreign and domestic Now this guy took that seriously. I Suspect he went to that little corner in that bar where Psy meets his I know where that is meets his sources. They told him this whole story.  Okay. I will Roger Had that wonderful aphorism the comedian way back century or two ago. Well, I just put it this way So the problem is this It's not what people know It's what people know that ain't so That's the problem and the people think that the Russians are Are just evil to the core that here's an example Okay at the time when Psy Hirsch's story is going out Here's the New York Times on February 9. Okay a yellow journalism piece by a fellow named Constantin here Frenchman apparently and it says that Vladimir Putin was personally responsible for killing the 298 aboard Malaysian Airlines mh-17 over Ukraine in July of 2014 now it says that in the title it says that in the first paragraph and third paragraph as well We can't prove the Putin was really give me a Give me a break. Okay, so this is a day when they should have been Featuring size research. They're still at it blackening Putin first and foremost the rest of the Russians and you know This was consequential Remind let me remind you that after the coup in Kiev after the annexation of Crimea The US could still not get the Europeans to shoot themselves in the foot by sanctions It was only after Malaysian Airlines mh-17 was downed According to the New York Times by Vladimir Putin himself that they could get real sanctions that bit though Europeans more than a bit anyone Including the Russian so this was consequential. This was the beginning of really strict sanctions And I just wonder if the the West Europeans or the East Europeans will ever wake up and say, you know This is a this is a bad deal to get involved with what the US wants because they want what was Russia And this is gonna come to what the Chinese used to call a no-good end Ray McGovern as always. Thank you so much for your time. We really appreciate that analysis and we look forward to having you back Hey, most welcome