Today we have with us a very special person. His name is Arun Tang and he is the founder and CEO for Karo which is the Southeast Asia's largest automotive marketplace. This year they have completed five years and you know what a way to complete five years honestly right when the pandemic came back on to us but nevertheless despite the pandemic, the used glass marketplace has seen some significant shift particularly because of the shared political economy coming down. People wanting to be more individualistic rather than in close quarters with everybody else. So there has been a definite shift for Karo which is only upwards and there has been a great growth that has been seen by Karo during this time and also to say that they are back on track with their plans which is to actually build a billion dollar business in the next couple of years. So welcome Arun, we're it's delighted to have you here at Entrepreneur Media as we start the tech talk series and really understand for me how the used car and the automotive space is now building up particularly in the post-pandemic times. So let me start by asking you this you know the today I mean five years back we were talking about no car ownership actually hiring a cab and you know sharing a cab and you know it's almost been said that people in the coming years might not want to buy a car but then came the pandemic and suddenly we're seeing a huge surge in people wanting to actually own a car and being very individualistic about their vehicle. So what are the changing trends that you have noticed in the market particularly the southeast Asian market post the pandemic and the growth trends that you see for car ownership or automotive ownership in the times to come? Yeah first of all thank you so much for having me today right I know always a pleasure to speak with you know you guys at Entrepreneur and I think you know the question really was you know what are we seeing in terms from our standpoint as a marketplace you know post the pandemic and stuff like that. I think first of all you know I will always say this is you know we actually grew revenues more than 500% year on year September to September so to speak right so you know when we were talking about this today versus where we were back almost a year ago we have seen a dramatic shift in the market right so maybe just earlier this year or even late last year the market was still pretty much on the download kind of from the use car standpoint you know even for the new car and stuff like that but when the pandemic hits I would say you know March was when it really hit but let's just say that you know by January February you start seeing innings right so by February March you know what we saw was that there's a lot of factories that shut down right so you know we're talking about new car factories and for us we largely deal with use cars right so as a result we are sort of like going to be sitting in because you know what we need as a result is constant sales of the new car market across various geographies and you know that drives the use car consumption as well and so in February March we basically observed that hey you know what the new car factories are shut down what that means that there's a downstream impact on use cars right that also basically means that hey not many people are going to buy new cars or for that matter even if they buy the new cars they're not going to get their new car in time so this set off a series of you know unfortunate events so to speak and by the time June happened I mean by the time it's like from March April May June and stuff like that I think by March April we would probably at the worst ever in terms of record revenues low right record low revenues in that sense because nobody would just basically a allowed to travel b for that matter you're not even allowed to to purchase and stuff like that but that shouldn't took for a change very rapidly right in post June July August September but you know we saw rapid swing in terms of numbers right this is primarily driven by the fact that what we see the market at least today is that more and more people are choosing to have their personal mobility you know for that matter their own vehicles and sometimes their own motorbikes or for that matter bicycles right to move around versus being in a public transport scenario or in the private higher vehicles and stuff like that right so for us we are I would say a beneficiary as a result of this you know so when people are more wary of the fact that hey you know if I'm taking a public transport I might be more susceptible to to certain viruses and stuff like that then you know they would naturally choose to want to drive a vehicle in their own sort of confined space and as a result business to be very honest has been brisk for us over the last few months right but I must do say that this is something that we see for now and we see that this is probably a trend moving forward for the foreseeable future at least for Singapore and places like Malaysia where we already post recovery so to speak already we are in recovery which is you know Malaysia is another story by itself but that's the case but for certain countries like say Indonesia or even the Philippines and stuff like that where where we have presence like for instance in Indonesia we are seeing a lot more I would say we're seeing a lot more demand actually on online sales of cars as well right so one of the things that we offer is that we are not a really a traditional used car dealership right so we are what we call ourselves an online used car dealership and what we do is that we enable consumers to even businesses right to buy vehicles and to end online and that's what we're trying to do and what we have seen in fact I was just having this conversation with the last distributor a few days ago and we have seen you know enormous uptake I mean this is we're talking about you know a few hundred percent increase in terms of leads or even conversion so to speak where people are more okay you know we've like okay you know what I'm okay not seeing a vehicle at all I just want to buy it off you straight away and the car can be in Jakarta but we are able to then push it off to say Surabaya to Bali, Bandung and stuff like that doesn't really matter right so so for that matter we provide the consumers the experience that they want and desire at this point in time which is contactless right you know for that matter pass free and you know easy way of doing it end to end online and stuff like that so these are the couple of trends that we see out my group I mean currently right now at this stage in time primarily because driven by the the whole pandemic situation sure and what kind of selling trends are you seeing I mean how are people selling their vehicles are they actually selling it to upgrade themselves to another vehicle or are they selling it just because you know they would rather go on a bike instead of using the car so what's it that you think that I okay so first of all I would say that if you have a car and you if you intend to do not drive a vehicle and stuff like that this is the best time to sell a car because what we are saying is record sale prices in actually pretty much all the markets that we have seen right Indonesia Singapore Malaysia included the prices is today in my opinion at least at least 15 you know percent higher or so than it was a year ago right pre pre pandemic which is a little bit weird but if you look at it from a supply demand standpoint there is a genuine lack in supply of the market because you know I started this conversation by saying that hey there's a lot of people that is trying to buy a new car but they do not have to really buy a new car because the factories were closed so as a result they were no new cars to buy so as a result the the market is sort of being stuffed off of supplies on new cars I mean use cars right so as a result you know for you right now if you're trying to sell a vehicle actually the pricing trend is perfect for you right as a seller now as a buyer unfortunately that also means that the cars are also on the higher end than you was a year ago so in terms of pricing trend we are saying that you know it's really trending upwards um you know and and we see these across all markets that we are in right Indonesia Thailand Malaysia Singapore included yeah okay um you know let me also sort of touch upon the tech side of caro now I understand that you have a very unique algorithm which does the pricing right there online so my question is that you know what what is the what is the the mind that you I mean what is what is largely the the parameters on which this algorithm is based or you know what makes it so special and also what is the human intervention within the pricing of the vehicle that you do at caro yeah so pricing is a is a very important indicator to be very frank uh for us as a company but of course there are other things that we do that's even more interesting in my personal opinion like you know computer vision stuff and things like that but let's talk about pricing since you asked right and and and you know it's true right from our end if you give us uh enough information not too much just basically the actually or your make model and the age of the vehicle we can tell you uh to a 90% degree of confidence how much to buy this car for in today right from this point in time and how we have built it and you know the question was how how we how what kind of parameters and stuff like that I can't tell you but I end up I tell you have to kill you but the long and short of this is that uh we we rely a lot of a lot of historical information within our system right so you know every day hundreds of thousands of cars are transacted across our platform across Southeast Asia right so as a result we we know like for instance a given car especially if it's bread and butter car like a Toyota Corolla you know a pro duar a proton and stuff like that we will know okay how much is this car last sold for in a wholesale market and as a result from which we can extrapolate very nicely based on the age you know the condition of vehicle uh again you know because all cars are inspected we can then back into a number and tell you say okay this is the range because the range needs to exist primarily because of the condition of the vehicle all right so that's that's the that's the model that we have and that honestly is what we call from a computer science standpoint an expert model so you know we built it based on interviews with experts and certain market information like in Singapore's case you know a good determinant actually is the COE prizes at about in time it changes every two weeks all right in Malaysia's case a lot of it is determined by market right so the market and the Malaysian numbers varies quite erratically day to day in that census result because it's purely driven by market forces um in Thailand in places like Indonesia and stuff like that pricing is to be honest much easier primarily because the banks have certain guidelines on it right the banks certain publish publish certain guidelines on pricing and as a result pricing for that method in those markets are erratically easy right but for us you know we always pride ourselves as a really a tech company right and we always look at ourselves versus you know any of the other competitors or the the the adjacent businesses and stuff like that and the key difference between us and any of the teams that you have running these businesses is that we are all uh I know most of the majority majority of the management team I would say 60 70 percent of us are actually computer science by training or technical by training by anyhow right that basically means that we really understand technology and for that matter we understand how to implement tech across the full spectrum of of the car ownership right everything ranging from you know uh using uh computer vision to do simple things like LCR carpet recognition to even things like you know recognizing dense right recognizing your your you know the damage the level of damage of a vehicle and as a result tell you you know we do what exactly and how much does it cost to fix this particular bumper right that you have because that's that's how much information we have and that's how much emphasis we place on on everything we do from computer vision down to machine learning right uh but yeah I also know there's a lot of interesting usage of of technology that we have in the in the company to be very frank and I would love to show you more what these days if you're interested in the stroke by the office and we can show you around sure and you know I mean just taking this conversation forward given the data points that you've been able to require because of you know your consumers coming over there what kind of pivots have you done over the year I mean you know in terms of your business model from where you started to where you are currently you know that there is of course a subscription business as well there's a B2B side of the business as well so you know what what those data points actually guiding you towards uh actually going in newer directions or at least go in extended directions of the automotive business and used cars yeah so I would also say that you know we haven't really done a pivot per se right what we have done is that it's still the same thing for that matter right you know for us the mission of the business really is to provide consumers with the best buying experience right the the way we think about this is that there's many facets of this right so you know we would have businesses we started as a as a C2C business right so basically selling consumers I mean selling cars directly between two consumers and we become that platform so to speak but you know eventually we then do B2C which is honestly not too different as a business it's effectively a 2C business so to speak but the whole experience end to end stays pretty much the same right you still need you know you need to get insurance you need to get loans you need to get you know the car transferred uh and for that matter the cars vehicles check and stuff like that so for us the core business which is to enable and you know core mission so to speak which is to enable all the consumers to find the best right on themselves hasn't really quite changed right and attached to that side of the business when we talk about subscription right for us it's it's the same form it's the same thing right so for us as a company we always had the financing business right since one year each into finding the business the company itself and really leasing subscription you know we don't really do rentals but let's just say subscription which is actually honestly a very very popular product in Singapore now has been a strong success but we don't look at it as like oh we're pivoting away from selling cars and stuff like that but actually if you think about subscription it really is a form of financing it really is right and that basically means nothing more than just okay you know what uh you know in-house genie will finance this car and then for car rolls out of stuff be basically look for a home for this for this particular unit in that sense and we look we continue to try not to take inventory risks to speak right we will only basically allow for subscription or get a car for subscription only if we have a contract in place right so for that matter it's always back to the back we don't have too much if any risk at all from inventory standpoint uh and that's that's important we try to run as as set like as we can as a company and uh and yeah I'd also you know for us we see a lot of interest in subscription and we think that that's going to be the case uh moving forward but I again I would stress that there's not so much of pivot to say but it's more like as we go deeper into fulfilling our brand promise or mission and stuff like that we are offering the consumers various form of the same thing really right you know we are we are effectively selling them or rather trying to sell them a vehicle but in the form of subscription in the form of you know uh selling it directly to them in the form of higher purchase loans and stuff like that it doesn't really matter it's still the same core thing that we're trying to do yeah so from a user experience point of view do you think in particularly in this business which is used car business uh do you feel that it's uh vital or do you think it helps to also have a physical side to this business I mean you know having stores where people or just places where people can come in and actually see the vehicle no it actually is uh it depends on country to be very frank so but I would say that for now we as we launch in each market Indonesia you know uh Singapore even Malaysia and stuff like that we tend to always have a showroom all right um and this is primarily because this is this is out the middle of this Asia right where the trust I would say for for even a platform like us is on the low end right and you know if it's not us then you know even the used car dealers for that matter um and consumers tend to want to keep their tires and stuff right so as a result we we launched this uh uh in fact we just launched a few months ago uh Carol Audemore right which is a 5,000 square feet sorry rather square meters per city half an acre right uh for us to to park hundreds of cars right but the idea was more to be more for it to be like a center for consumers to feel that hey you know what Carol is a is a is a real generating company with the presence and uh to help build trust amongst the community and that really was the whole reason why we invested in that right uh because we look at this it's like hey you know what this is very important important for us to get a practical thing in Indonesia but did we then you know subsequently expanded way more than that went crazy and opened like 50 stores or another 20-30 of these we didn't right because what we generally believe is that the the economics needs to be sound and that basically means that we need to be careful and mindful about the differences between an online business and the brick and mortar business and we are not right let's just be clear we are setting up the shop because we want to complete the experience and also to to to ring fans and to bring on board people who are on the fence right because on the fence if you have a showroom and stuff at that they might be more interested to try this whole new experience and stuff because they just trust that hey the brand has presence uh and also as a result we we genuinely believe that uh we do not need showrooms to expand the business we want to continuously evolve as a as an online player uh but the the showroom in our opinion at least right now at this point in time and has been statistically proven to be the case is that it is better off with a showroom than without a showroom for now right but when we expand it is that questionable do we really need to expand more showrooms or can we expand digitally can we sell nationwide without the need for us to to be present in Surabaya, Bandung, Bali, you know Jaffa and stuff at that and can we just do a bit it's just you know with a right centre and so going forward what are the markets are you looking to expand in and are you looking to do another round of fundraise for it um I mean are you looking to go into some bigger market I mean I understand Southeast Asia has a lot of great small markets where you can expand but markets like China, India or maybe you know Middle East is that of France? Uh well let's just say again my first question right was are we fundraising and stuff at that the answer is that we are not really fundraising per se but we always have a interest in bar interest and stuff at that the honest truth is that we probably may be closing around in the next few months right so that's the that's the honest plan even though we we haven't been actively trying to fund risk per se right but we do have quite a bit of inbound so on on that second question of market expansion right and on market expansion we always look at this as like we always try to especially in some of this area we always try to look for the right partners right so I will always say never say never that's the first thing I would say like you know somebody asked me would I ever enter India and stuff at that answer it's honestly probably no but if for instance if you find me I shouldn't name names but if you find me the richest family in India that wants to do this and then say hey you know what let's do this together why not right because you know it is possible to do things especially in the right markets with the right families or with the right partners so to speak and I think that's how we always maintain an open mind about market expansion and stuff at that we are today already present in like four countries from a marketplace standpoint but you know what we don't broadly always say is that we do have multiple offices worldwide right so in fact we have seven places geographically seven locations right today already we are present in like China Myanmar and and Vietnam right so that includes the including Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore that's about seven geographies already yeah and I mean going forward would you look for organic growth or inorganic growth in a new market would you rather require another you know player who is already doing this digitally or would you want to go up and set up in that country from scratch? To be very frank we have tried looking and stuff at that we couldn't really find any right so that's one thing about competition we haven't really found anything too much especially in the other markets um so for us it's always good business buy right and the question for organic or inorganic is only one thing which is how long does it take and how much does it take for me to to get to where the competition is if it exists right and if it is sufficiently high then we might as well just buy it now if the answer is that you know the the barriers to entry is low whatever the the cost to acquire market and to get bigger than the competition is fast then we will normally tend to refer to just do it ourselves right or for that matter when the market is not called right like for instance certain markets there are not like you know hundreds of millions of population would probably be a non-call market for us and as a result will be markets that would be put on the on the back burner so to speak yeah but from an expansion standpoint the the plan is whether or not it's organic or you know organic I think really depends on a lot of opportunities for us to be again very absolutely frank we are looking at more licenses right you know everything ranging from your banking license insurance license you know like you know whatever multi-finance licenses those are super interesting to us and for that matter are things that we are more looking for but in terms of growing the marketplace business per se I like to think that that really isn't too much if any competition in the region and I mean you know from a point of view of subscription market business that you've started in Singapore do you also see that becoming bigger in other economies as well other markets too yeah in fact to be very frank we will approach by a few conglomerates to bring it to all the places right you know Japan Korea and even to like Indonesia the honest truth is that we are still discussing I don't really have too much things to report beyond that but yeah the plan is to of course expand the business now that we have created a platform the system the know-how in fact the suffering business is immensely profitable for us right as a business even though it's only like about two years old the whole line itself is profitable by itself and of course we would love to replicate this this whole business across the other markets as well sure and do you at some point of time also looking at doing an IPO I mean just to instead of having another fund raise or debt raise do you think that might be a strategy for you going forward the financial yeah I think the net of this is that if you look at public comparables for us right so like in in the United States there's a cabana there's room even in China in the private comparables standpoint they're all doing well right or is it car back or something in Latin America so for us of course the plan is to stay private for as long as we can but we do recognize that the company is almost five years old right as we just said right so you know we we need to think of exit plans for the business moving forward and you know it's whether or not IPOs is on the cards really depends on how the business does over the next one or two years and we think that we are definitely on track to do somewhere north of like one billion dollars revenues quickly and whenever we hit that mark and even just before that we can potentially look for an exit park and whether or not it's an IPO or it's an IPO in New York for exchange sx or for that matter trade so we are always open for discussion you've also entered into a b2b segment as well so what what opportunities do you see there yeah so you know we do a lot of b2b sales when it comes to like marketplace sales and stuff like that but I think if what we recently deep was this whole what we call usage based insurance ubi right so you know in this particular ubi instance we actually partnered up with nqc income right in in singapore and and offered the first pretty much usage based insurance or what we call behavior based insurance kind of product to the market right where the consumers or at the start actually the more like the fleet partners will install this particular device into the car and then as a result we will be able to reduce the premiums and this is very important especially given the you know the overhang of the pandemic we have the excess we have the vehicles but you know what we drive probably half of what we used to do but the insurance premium remains the same so that's where that's the market that we're going after right we are we're basically saying that hey you know what if you do not drive that much or if you are a good driver and with a low claim ratio and stuff like that then you switch away from you know the traditional insurance to what we call usage based insurance right which you know effectively means that you pay for what you drive and it's incredibly affordable right um I can't remember the exact rates because it really depends on on the what car you drive and stuff like that but you can get a quote instantly online and I guess you know if I was if numbers is correct you will pay um about half 40 to 50 percent lesser than what you are paying today yeah so you know from across standpoint it's an amazing business and this only made possible because we did this partnership with with with nqc income you know some bb stuff that we are doing internally sure and finally you know what what are your learnings as an entrepreneur in these five years that you've understood about running a organization from a startup you know transforming it to a large organization going global what what is it that you've been able to intake during all I can say is that you never stop learning right so um you know for myself the the organization has grown quite a bit right so today we are almost let's say give and take six six seven hundred people now across four geographies it's impossible to do it unless you have the right uh right uh reports or for that matter right management team uh you know and and you know we we kind of think of ourselves as a fairly strong team together you know most of us have been incorporated to work in you know multi billion dollar companies and stuff like that and I cannot stress enough the importance of finding the right partners with you on this journey right and for me you know as an entrepreneur I feel that uh I have learned quite a bit because my background was more venture capital right so you know I generally think at least I feel that I have and I have run companies before so this is too new but what I have found is this newfound respect for you know entrepreneurs who actually pass us even the five-year mark right stuff right because it's actually not easy and every day you are you are you are learning something new about the business that you know that no no no matter how much MBAs you do or no masters or so to speak can't just come prepare you enough for it right so what have I learned I've learned that uh when the tough uh when a going gets tough you know the tough gets going right so we just have to constantly push ourselves deliver numbers and execute like you know our life depends on it I think that is the the net of what I've learned across my last uh few months I'll write a few years uh and particularly from a pandemic point of view you know when things really came to a halting break so how how did you sort of found that resilience uh to go on and you know continue the business as if nothing is happening around so what what does it take yeah so you know I I actually switched my my habits entirely right so you know I during like the pandemic I think the first thing that I did was uh I switched out from like you know I'm doing a call right now in office but you can ask Manisha this which is I do 99% of my calls outside of office these days right whenever I'm exercising and stuff like that so I think it's very important to keep a clear mind right on what you're trying to do so during the pandemic I remember very clearly in April May I was like oh you know this is not good because uh revenues has declined rapidly and stuff like that what do I ever do so every day you know literally I was on the phone calls but I would I try to stay active right so I lost almost like you know 18 or 19 kilograms throughout this whole period and that as a result I feel uh was important because it gives me that that that time to be alone and for that matter to think more about what should I do during this time of of things and uh and yeah I know so so from that standpoint you know we are very fortunate to to be where we are today right I think not all companies can be can say the same in that sense right so you know we we are always looking at ways to improve ourselves sure great wonderful talking to you Aaron I think what you've done so far in terms of building caro and of course given the fact that pandemic was such a new situation to all of us we were not we never seen a lockdown in our lifetimes before this so you know living and trying to work and putting everybody together has been a hard task for everyone but good to see uh that you know you've been able to put a mobility business back on the road and make sure that you know it's found it's more your once again uh and helping it to grow and also expand it to other markets wonderful talking to you Eric entrepreneur today and we wish you all the very luck in terms of helping you expand your business more and more and grow to new markets thank you very much thank you so much thank you so much thanks


My name is Mathias Diner and I'm part of strategy and product management for our cloud platform. And I was co-chaired together with Julian Fisher from any9s. And when we started talking to the foundation about this track and what we want to cover here primarily, we had lots of conversation. Originally, we thought it would also be a good title to call Cloud Foundry in the Enterprise, but apparently that name has been taken by the customer success stories. So we said, okay, let's go for something else, which is broad in scope because we have quite the worst range of topics and speakers here. And we went with Cloud Foundry at scale. And Julian really and me, we wanted to keep this authentic and honest. Yes, it's a sponsor track, but from all the submissions we got, we said we're going to focus on those that can rightfully claim to be the most important ones for you. So on behalf of SAP, I definitely want to say this. You will see no product pitches, nothing of that sort of nature, but it's all about knowledge sharing and giving back to the community. With that said, so this track is kind of going into the same direction as the famous Cloud maturity model, basically implying that there are different levels of excellence, which you go through in order to master Cloud. And I think that's also true in running Cloud Foundry at scale when it comes to large distributed systems and so forth. So the idea is there's always a next level you can achieve. So let's talk about what it takes to get to the next level and what some of the experiences people made when they go there. And basically, I want to really keep this short and just let the session speak for themselves. So we're going to kick this off with Sean and Dimitri talking about some of the lessons learned that they had when making SAP's multicloud strategy real, what are the problems that they faced, how do they overcome these and so forth. Then we're going to talk about how to manage hybrid Cloud environments, how to move from on-premise to the Cloud, what does it take to operate all of this, how does this open service broker API fit into this. We heard about already, Abby talking about this at the keynote stage. So this is what Sean from HCL will cover. Then we've got our colleagues of mine, Andreas and Martin, that will talk about how you keep a large distributed platform running continuously or blooming continuously, what does it take from having a multinational team span across three different time zones, how do you interact, how do you operate. So really about how do you use learning and monitoring approaches and so forth to keep up to speed with what's happening underneath. Next is my colleague, Nikolai, for more. He will also talk about lifecycle management, what it takes to really operate this at large and he will also talk about a new service that we will be rolling out. This shows you how to really orchestrate this complex deployment process. Next is Stefan, who will talk about how to secure the underlying network stack. If you're running this in a multi-tenant environment with multiple customers sharing the same platform, you want to make sure that the communication is secure between the paths and the underlying levels. So this is what he will cover in our IP sec-bush release. Then we're going a little bit towards the whole area of IoT and challenges typically coming with this, so high-volume message throughput, how do we handle this, yeah, how can we actually make sense of all the incoming data and process it in a sophisticated manner. Then we got Baby from Dell EMC. She will also talk about IoT and also about how they manage to aggregate all the stream data across the board and also how to move from a development landscape to production in a seamless manner. Last but not least, we got Domain from Pivotal. I'm also talking about data-driven IoT apps, so we have a big IoT section at the end of day one. Day two, again, we kick it off with a joint session by Mendix and SAP, so Nick and Riley will talk about the rapid application development tool by Mendix, which we have recently also partnered up with to bring local development into the enterprise and our ecosystem. I mean, our rationale is simple, knowing that software is the number one differentiator and driver to accelerate business possibilities, rethink them, remodel them. There's a huge demand for developers which probably can't be able to meet the demand, so we want to empower also non-engineers, non-developers to really participate in this digital transformation journey by building new applications using Mendix tools. That's that. Then we're going to talk about how to set up a multi-cloud enterprise-grade cloud-founding installation. Jürgen will cover this, so basically saying, okay, we have been teaming up with AWS, Azure and GCP. They all have the little different nuances that we need to account for, and this is where we have the HA proxy, which will handle us to bridge these gaps and have a common layer on top. Next thing is Mark. He will talk about solving client-telling for luxury goods, and I think the most interesting aspect in his abstract for us was how he really bridges this gap between having a consumer-grade UX while at the same time delivering on an enterprise-grade robustness of the application. Then we got Christoph and Christian working on how to really manage all the incoming logs and look into those, manage those, and have a common metric across the whole landscape infrastructure. Then we got Bradjut, and I hope I pronounce his name right. If not, I'm really sorry, he will talk about the new auto-sleep feature that we have been helping and contributing to. This is basically saying if you provide lots of accounts that are typically idling, for example, a trial landscape as we do with Cloud Platform, then you want to have a way to protect your resources and just shut down the applications and put them to auto-sleep until they got invoked again. Quite an ifty tool also from the provider side and providing a developer experience to the outside world. Wrapping it up again with IoT, here Barton will also talk about how can you innovate at the edge where all the data is being collected and how do you get it from there into Cloud Foundry at scale. That's pretty much what we're trying to do here. Thanks for joining. Without further ado, I want to ask Dimitri and Sean to take the stage.


Sandeep Javeri, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering from Valchin Institute of Technology, Sholapur. In today's session we are going to discuss types of dam which is a part of basic civil engineering. The learning outcomes at the end of this session students will be able to explain the different types of dam. Now the types of dams are depends upon different types of material to be used in the construction of dam. It may be earthen dam, it may be masonry dam, it may be concrete dam and rockfill dam. Some dams are classified depending upon the various forces acting on the dam and how that forces is resisted by the dam whether that forces are resisted by arch action or by self-made of the dam. So here we are going to discuss few types of dam. These are gravity dam, arch dam and rockfill dam. Now let us consider gravity dam. Now in the gravity dam what are the various forces acting on the dam that is forces due to water pressure, wear pressure, shield pressure and uplift pressure. These are resisted by the weight of the dam itself. So you can see in this figure the various forces acting on the dam. So this is a force due to the water pressure, there is a force due to the uplift pressure, then there is a force due to the tail water. So these are the forces which are acting on the dam. Other forces are shield pressure, then wear pressure and earthquake forces these are acting on a dam. So such kind of forces is resisted by the gravity dam by its weight only. So that is why in India the most of the dams are gravity dam. It requires strong base that is strong foundation. Now let us consider the advantage of gravity dam. As we know the gravity dam is strong and stable than earthen dam because in case of earthen dam we are going to use natural soil material and the drawback of the earthen dam is there is a seepage of water and that water seepage of water that should be controlled by a proper drainage system. In case of gravity dam the dam is resting on a strong foundation while in case of earthen dam it can rest on soft soil also. So gravity dam is more strong and stable than earthen dam. Also it requires very less maintenance, it may be constructed of masonry or concrete material, it can be constructed for greater height. So due to increase in height in case of gravity dam we can increase the storage capacity of the dam also. Now let us consider arch dam. Now arch dam is covered in plant and it carries major part of its water load horizontally by arch action and some part of load is carried by cantilever action. You can see here this is a arch dam and this is the upstream side of the dam and these are the internal gates which is provided inside the dam and through that the water is coming from the upstream side to the downstream side. So here the in case of arch dam due to arch action the load is transferred to the side abatements which are present here and some part of the load is going to be carried by means of cantilever action. One of the important thing is that in case of arch dam the length of dam we can reduce. So the construction cost is going to be reduced. Now let us see some advantages of arch dam. It is suitable for George's where the length is small in proportion to height. For a given height the cross sectional area of arch dam is less as compared to gravity dam. As the thickness of the wall which is provided for arch dam is small so the cross sectional area is going to be reduced. So it also helps to achieve the economy in construction of dam. Uplift pressure is small as compared to gravity dam due to narrow base width. So in case of gravity dam the second important force which is acting on a dam is the uplift pressure. So in case of arch dam the uplift pressure is small. Uplift pressure is a pressure which is exerted on the base of the dam through the foundation due to presence of water and which due to seepage of water within the foundation. So we have to minimize that uplift pressure. For that we have to construct some trench or wall inside the foundation to overcome the seepage of water within the foundation. Rock fill dam. So rock fill dam is a flexible than gravity dam and less flexible than earthen dam. Foundation requirement is more rigid than earthen dams which is constructed in all types of foundation. Impervious membrane is provided to achieve water tightness. So rock fill dam we can construct by using a available material near the dam site. So you can see here this is a photograph of rock fill dam. It has a impervious foundation. Now this top portion is called crest.  This is to be provided to avoid or to prevent the entry of water within the body of the dam. If the water is allowed within the body of the dam it will cause decreasing strength of the joints motor joints which is provided for the construction of rock fill dam. Hence it will deteriorate the material and this will reduce the strength of the dam. For that purpose the upstream face is provided with a concrete surface. The advantages of rock fill dam are it is cheaper than concrete dam. As we know the rocky material is used for the construction of dam. So the cost is less as compared to concrete dam. It constructs rapidly if proper rock is available. If the size of the rock available is well defined then we can construct it rapidly. It is very useful in seismic regions as they provide higher resistance to seismic forces because of their flexible character. So this is one of the important advantage of rock fill dam. Now you are supposed to pause the video and answer these questions. These are the answers. As we know rock fill dam can be constructed for any type of foundation. So this statement is true and the second statement is concerned with the height of that. The height of the cross for the given height the cross section area of the arch dam is more as compared to ground dam. So this statement is false because for a particular height the cross section area of arch dam is going to be reduced due to the small thickness as compared to the gravity dam. So the cross section area is going to be reduced. So second statement here is false. Now these are the references that we are going to use for creation of this video. Thank you.


And now, tonight's presentation of Radio's outstanding Theatre of Thrill's Suspense.  We call it Life Ends at Midnight. So now, starring Paula Winslow and Stacey Harris, here is tonight's suspense play, Life Ends at Midnight. Hiya, Mom! You still remember my whistle, huh? Never know when I'll turn up, huh, Mama? Stand out in the hall? No, come in. Come in, Johnny. Ah, same old crummy joint. Well, I do my best to keep it clean. Yeah, yeah. Oh, boy, am I tired.  Babies are the worst. All I do is ball and slobber. You left Pittsburgh last night? Not one in the morning. I'd sleep a wink all night. Boy, look at my collar, wouldn't it? But tomorrow's Monday, and you have to be at work in the morning. What's the matter? You're worried? Well, no, no, I just... Don't just. Can't a guy come home to see his mother once in six months? What's a mother for you? You break your back, set up all night to see your mother for one day, and she tells you you've got to be at work in the morning. I feel like that. I'm sorry, dear, but I just worried about... I know, my, I know. Don't worry so much. I make me nervous. Well, here, sit at the table, dear. You must be starved. Now, that's like coming home. Oh, my baby, I'm so glad to see you. You did come just to see me, didn't you? I'm sure. What do you think, Marilyn Monroe? Of course you came to see me. I guess that I, I always worry so. How about you, Arnie? Oh, I get it. Well, huh? Boy, what do you got to eat? I was just going to fix the chop for my lunch. No, it'll be enough for me.  I'll call you when it's ready. No, that's okay, I can sleep later.  Tell me how you're doing. Well, I, I try not to complain, but things aren't easy, you know? Prices are high and rents going up all the time, even on this old flat.  You had about $2,000 in bonds that left you very much. Well, I'm trying to tell you that things haven't been easy.  Every time I see you cry, poor moth, moth. Well, I'm just saying things aren't easy. Oh, you think it's a picnic for me? I, I got enough trouble, and for what? For, for what? All year, I work like crazy, and for what? A man must work, Johnny. Oh, a man must work, Johnny. A man must work and live like a person, and not be afraid so he can sleep at night without worrying about... Worrying about what, ma? About a bell ringing at night, or a knock on the door in the morning, or somebody touching you on the arm.   So stop yapping at me. You're always yapping at me, ma. You haven't.  He was nice. He gave you another chance. He saw you were really a good boy, and he gave you another chance. He got you a nice job, and, and you promised... You mustn't... You, you're all right, Johnny. Sure I'm all right, ma. Sure I'm all right. I'm a meatball, a herring on a plate.  You find a fish head and say, thank you, mister. Well, that's not for me.     Well, that's for me, ma. That's what I want. And that's what I tried to get. I, I, I took another chance. I tried to run it up, but... It was just no dice. Now I gotta make it good. The books at the office will show it and I gotta make it good. How much? $1,500. $1,500? I don't know where I can get it by midnight tonight. I gotta know, ma.  If I don't show up at the office tomorrow, they'll suspect. $1,500. By midnight tonight? Where am I gonna get it, Johnny? The bonds, ma. You got the bonds at par left. The bonds. How do you think I got Johnny our last trouble? Bribes and bail, paying back every penny. Where do you think I got it? Don't give me that, ma. You're just holding out. You gotta help me. I'll get 10 years. You heard what the judge said the last time. Oh, what can I do? Come on. 10 years in history. There won't be no reform school this time. Oh, Johnny. Ma, please, huh? Johnny. Ma, please give me the money. Will you get it for me? Ma, I'll be good. I work harder. I won't give you no more trouble. Ma, help me. Please. I'm so tired. Help me. Maybe I can sleep then, ma. Please. Ma, please. Where can I get it, Johnny? I have nothing left. I don't care where you get it, ma. Look, it's your fault you gotta help me. I only wanted to help you. Yes. Yes, it is my fault. I always protected you. But I can't protect you anymore. Well, I'll give you the few dollars I have. Go away. It'll be enough to help you run away. That's all I can do. I'm sure. Just run away and don't bother you. Oh, please, Johnny. I'm not dope. I know you're holding out on me, ma. Don't worry about your old age.  Oh, I'm sorry. I hope I'm not intruding. Who's he, ma? Oh, Mr. Chalmers. This is Mr. Chalmers, Johnny. He has the back bedroom. This is my son, Mr. Chalmers. Well, how do you do, Mr. Bates? I feel that I know you very well. Your mother and I sit here in the kitchen sometimes over a cup of tea, and she talks about you for hours and hours. He's very proud of you. Yeah. Mrs. Bates, excuse me. I'm just going to the corner for my paper. And by the way, I think the insurance agent might call again to collect and please tell him to go away. Will you? Will you do that for me, Mrs. Bates? Yes, Mr. Chalmers. Well, thank you. Tell him not to come back anymore. I don't want to pay anymore on the policy.  Yes, Mr. Chalmers. Well, a young man died. Yes. I was going to leave him a few dollars when I died, but now, well, I have no one left at all. Dollar a week. You tell that to the insurance agent. Yes, Mr. Chalmers. Thank you, Mrs. Bates. Good day, Mr. Bates. Bye. I have $40 in the house for the rent. You can take that. Drop me a card when you get settled someplace. Let me know where you are. I'll send you some more as soon as I can get it. Maybe later I'll be able to straighten it out. Maybe later I'll be able to speak to your boss. I'll promise to pay back every cent. But now you must go away. You must... Johnny! Ma, tell me something about Mr. Chalmers. Johnny! Don't be so nervous, Ma. We got plenty of time. We got to midnight. You are listening to Life Ends at Midnight, tonight's presentation in Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrill's Suspense. Have you heard from your United Community Campaign this year? If you haven't, you soon will. CBS Radio urges that you remember your one annual check to the United Fund or community chest in your locale supports not one, but close to every worthwhile community service in your town. Your neighbor in difficulty has too much pride to come to you. But you can come to him, impersonally and effectively, through your check to the United Community Campaigns. Be generous. The money has a long way to go. And now we bring back to our Hollywood soundstage, Stacey Harris and Paula Winslow starring in tonight's production, Ends at Midnight, a tale well calculated to keep you in suspense. I think I'll have another cup, if you don't mind, Mrs. Bates. Mr. Chalmers, suppose you look at it this way. You've been paying one buck a week for how many years now? Oh, I'd say 20 years would be a conservative estimate. All right, 20 years. That's, let's see, 50 bucks a year. That's 1,000 bucks you've paid in, right? Yes, 1,000 bucks. This coffee cake, Mrs. Bates, it's excellent. Oh, do you like it? I made it yesterday. Forget about the coffee cake. Let's figure percentages here now. How many more years do you figure to live? Oh, John... That's all right, Mrs. Bates. After all, I am an old man. My age, one rather... Well, he comes to terms with death. My policy is for $2,500 and in the days of the left of me, I certainly will not be required to pay in as much as I've already paid. That's the exact point. But say you live another couple of years. You only pay 100 or so more, and you can leave $2,500 to somebody. Yes, I should like to think that when I'm gone, I've left something behind for someone. It's nice to live on in somebody's memory for a little while after we're dead. First, Mr. Bates, I have no one in this world. Secondly, I must be very, very frank and tell you that I can no longer afford to pay even a dollar a week. You see, I live on a few... That's a problem of the most minor importance. For anybody to invest in you now, a buck a week could be gilded edged. Well, I mean, for instance, take my mother here. Now, suppose you made her the beneficiary. Suppose she continued to pay the buck a week. Who could lose on such a deal? Who could lose? Nobody! You get your dearest wish to leave something behind and my mother in later years says, Mr. Chalmers? Oh yes, I'll always remember him for this. Hey, you get the point? No, Mr. Chalmers, no. Let Mr. Chalmers decide, ma. Well, how about it, Mr. Chalmers? That makes good sense, doesn't it? That makes everybody happy. We're practically strangers. We're just... What do you mean, strangers? Who's a stranger in this world, Mr. Chalmers?  Ain't every man entitled to at least live in somebody's memory? Oh yes, but he doesn't have to do that. I'll think about him anyway. I promise I will. So let him say, ma. Well, what do you say, Mr. Chalmers? It must be the insurance agent. I'll tell him that I'm keeping the policy and changing the beneficiary. Uh... Could you let me have the dollar, Mr. Bates? Mm-hmm. Right up, will you? The old man's coming home in a minute or two. He takes his nap about this time. I want this to be ready for him. Relax, sonny. I can't finish this job today. Why not? What are you giving me? It'll take a joint and another length of place. Oh, come on, fix it up. You can fix it up for now, can't you? The room's pretty small. Why do you want the heater so close to the bed? Look, it's like I told you he's got rheumatism. He needs plenty of heat. Well, I run a rubber at extensive, but with gas, I don't like it. All right. So with gas, you don't like it. But with gas, we gotta run the heater. Now, the old man's got rheumatics. He needs plenty of heat. Look, what are you doing now? Tightening this joint. He's tight enough for now, huh? Hey, you're the boss. Here's your three bucks. You can bring the pipe back next time. There won't be any next time, sonny. You can get somebody else to do your dirty work after this. So long, Skippy. Skippy? We got some work to do. Oh, hi, Pa. Well, this is a pleasant surprise. Yeah. Yeah, that used to be my room. Steam don't come up. It's all good. So I talked the old lady into fixing this heater up for you. Well, that was very thoughtful of you, Johnny. It's okay. I stuffed up the cracks in the window through this cold weather. It gets funny drafty in this room. You thought of everything, didn't you? Huh? Oh, yeah, I'd rather work out just fine. Well, it'll do the job, I think. Oh, dear, dear, dear. I'm going to take a little nap before dinner. Would you, do you think the heater... No, no, you can just leave it on. I'll look in after a bit, see if it's okay. Yeah. So, uh, now you need to go to all that trouble? There's no trouble with the charm. There's no trouble at all. When I do a thing, I like to do it right. Where are we going, Johnny? No way. In particular, Ma. I just thought we'd stroll around the old neighborhood like old times. Well, that's a nice idea, but... Oh, my feet are... All right, Ma. We'll turn in at the candy store in the corner. I'll buy you a dish ice cream. Oh, so close to dinner time, dear. There's trouble with you, Ma. You're in a rut. Come on. Howdy, Mrs. Bates. Hey, when did you get back? He came in on the train from Pittsburgh this morning just to see me. I thought I'd give the old girl a break. Oh, Johnny. Now, what can I mix up for you folks? Mom will take a dish of vanilla ice cream. I'd like some coffee, blackberry. Coming right up. Good evening, Nick. Hello, Mike. Do you folks know Officer Flanagan? Mrs. Bates from down the block and her son, John. Pleased to meet you, Officer. Good evening. Vagrancy, petty larceny. Well, it's a while of murder. Murder? That's what they start out to do, but it's harder to pull off a murder than most people think. Yeah. Case just last week over the next precinct. Husband disconnected a gas heater in the wife's room while she was asleep. That's what we were pretty sure he did anyway. He got a lot of insurance on her a few days before. They didn't have to. They always bungled somewhere. Amateurs. The gas petered out and you forgot to put a quarter in the meter. Seven o'clock. Well, it's time to call in. I'll see you later, Nick. OK, Mike. Yes, Johnny? When did you put a quarter in the meter at home? Oh, well, I don't remember. Oh, goodness, I better get some change. No, never mind, Mike. Come on. What's the matter? Nothing. Come on, will you? Why did you ask about the gas meter? What do you think? You didn't. That isn't why you put the heater in, Mr. Chum. What do you think? I don't think anything. I just pray that quarter ran out before you. Well, you save your prayers and get a move on because if that didn't work, I'll just try another way. Either way, that old clock is dead before midnight before I have to go back.  And if you try to make any trouble, you'll be dead right along with him. Now, we're going in there now.  Now, go on. The gas. I can smell it. Come on. Good evening, Johnny, Mrs. Beach. I was just on my way out. Oh, Mr. Chalmers. Of course he's all right, Mike. What's eating you? Well, I have a slight headache, and I'm quite sure. Hey, look at this. Oh, what is it, Johnny? Well, a hose on the heater here. Come on, hitch. No wonder you've got a headache. You know, I thought I smelled gas. Pop, you know, it's lucky for you. Ma forgot to put a quarter in the meter. Providence works in strange ways, doesn't it, Johnny? Well, I must be getting home, Mrs. Beach. Now, I'll be coming home rather late, so I'll just let myself in. Oh, holly. What? Well, I thought I'd stop in the neighborhood picture house after dinner. That'll be around nine o'clock, so I, uh... I imagine I won't be home before 11. Oh, Mr. Chalmers, there's something I... Yes, Mrs. Beach? What is it? Uh... Johnny's a good boy at heart, you know, but he's been in some trouble lately. Ma, is there anything I can do to help, Johnny? Yeah. Yeah, that's plenty, but I'll tell you about it when you get back, Mr. Chalmers. You better run along now. You don't want to be late for that picture. Oh, yes, of course. Well, good night, Mrs. Beach. Good night, Mr. Chalmers. Oh, yeah, good night. Oh, Johnny, I... Oh!  You'd like to send me to the chair, wouldn't you? Johnny...   It's all your fault I balled this thing up in the first place. Why didn't you remember to put a cord in that gas meter? Why didn't you? I'm glad I forgot. He wouldn't be alive. I shouldn't have messed around with gas, trying to spare your feelings, making it look like an ax. That's the thanks I get for it. You want to blab the whole thing, turn me in, my own mother. Oh, no, Johnny, no, it's not true. All right, let's put it this way, huh? Now, look, it's either you or him.  Now, you're listening to me! Yes, I... I'm listening. All right, now listen. It's like I said, I got very little time to get this thing done. I oughta done it neat and clean in the first place. Just push him over on the bed, hold a pillow of his face for a few minutes, and the job's done. Nobody'll ask any questions. A guy that old. Oh, Johnny, for the last time, I'm begging you. All right, just make sure it's the last time.  What are you gonna do? He'll be waiting in his room when he gets home. You wait up for him, tell him I've left to catch a train. That's in case he suspects anything. When he comes in his room, I'll take care of the rest of it. How do you know? I won't warn him. Because it's him or you, like I told you. I don't think you'll warn Mr. Chalmers, Ma. And don't try to stall him when he comes in. Not don't, you hear? He's gotta be dead by midnight or else. Good evening, Mr. Chalmers. Good evening, Joe. Well, I'll have the late edition of the Daily News as usual. Good one after you, Mr. Chalmers. Thank you. Good night, Joe. Oh, uh, Joe. Yeah? You give me the change of a dollar? Sure, Mr. Chalmers. Thank you, thank you. Just have to think of something I need change for and a little good deed for a friend of mine. You'd be up so late, Mrs. Bates. Well, I waited up specially. I wanted to talk to you about Johnny. Mrs. Bates, you're right. Oh, discovered. Yes, the light burned out in the bathroom and when I went to replace it in the dark, that is, I bumped into the door. Well, I would have thought that Johnny would have done that for you. Oh, no, no, Johnny didn't. I mean, Johnny's left already. He had to catch the 1220 for Pittsburgh, you know. No, but it's only a little after 11 now. Well, perhaps he had some things to do on the way, I mean. Oh, oh, of course. Well, I'm afraid I must be getting on to bed. No, no, not yet. I mean, won't you sit down for a minute and have a cup of tea with me? Well, I'd like to, but tea keeps me awake, Mrs. Bates. So I'll be getting along to my room now if you don't mind. No, no, don't go into that room, Mr. Chalmers. Mrs. Bates, whatever's the trouble? What's the trouble? What is it? My son, Johnny, there's something I must tell you. Forgive me, Mrs. Bates, but I'm an old man and I need my rest. I've got to have my rest now if he could possibly wait until morning. No, no, no, it can't wait until morning. It's got to be told before midnight. What was that? It was like someone moving about in the back of the house. One of the shutters is loose. The wind. Oh. Uh, you were saying, Mrs. Bates? Nothing. I can't tell you after all. I'm afraid. I'm afraid to tell it. Yeah, then I'm Mrs. Bates, perhaps in the morning. You try to get some rest, huh? You're going in there now? Well, I think that'll be the best thing to do all the way around, don't you, Mrs. Bates? Good night. No, no, wait. Mrs. Bates, I... What is it, Mrs. Bates? That smell. Gas. Johnny. Why don't you lie down for a few minutes, Mrs. Bates? Listen. It's striking twelve. Dead before midnight. All right, poor lad. Only I hadn't remembered to go back for that change. You did it. I put the quarter in the meter. That's what turned on the gas that killed him. You mentioned the gas having gone off and forgetting to put a quarter in the meter. So on the way to the picture house, I just went round to the back entry and dropped the coin. He kept saying that he was so tired, so sleepy. He must have fallen asleep while he was waiting. I suppose I should have remembered about the connection being loose and the heater in my room, but I wanted to surprise you with my good deed, you see. I didn't mean to do anything wrong, Mrs. Bates. Honestly, I didn't. You didn't do anything wrong, Mr. Chalmers. No. You didn't do anything wrong. Suspense. In which Paula Winslow and Stacy Harris starred in tonight's presentation of Life Ends at Midnight. Next week, the story of a prescription filled in error. We call it to none a deadly drug. That's next week on Suspense. Suspense is produced and transcribed by Anthony Ellis. Tonight's script was written by Robert Talman. The music was composed by Ronnie Garaghan and conducted by Wilbur Hatch. The cast were Victor Rodman, Jim Nasser, Bob Easton and Dick Ryan. The stamp of realism is indelibly imprinted on CBS Radio's thrilling productions of the 21st Precinct. Here another hard-hitting true-to-life story of big-city police at work, again this Friday night on most of these stations. Join Everett Sloan as Captain Cannelly in the station house. Follow the finest out into the city as they probe another human conflict, jam-packed with danger and action. It's now Friday evenings at the Starz Address.


Poison, read by Richard E. Grant. It must have been around midnight when I drove home, and as I approached the gates of the bungalow I switched off the headlamps of the car so the beam wouldn't swing in through the window of the side-bedroom and wake Harry Pope. But I needn't have bothered. Coming up the drive, I noticed his light was still on, say who's awake anyway, unless perhaps he'd dropped off while reading. I parked the car and went up the five steps to the balcony, counting each step carefully in the dark so I wouldn't take an extra one which wasn't there when I got to the top. I crossed the balcony, pushed through the screen-doors into the house itself, and switched on the light in the hall. I went across to the door of Harry's room, opened it quietly, and looked in. He was lying on the bed, and I could see he was awake, but he didn't move. He didn't even turn his head towards me, but I heard him say, he spoke slowly, whispering each word carefully, separately, and I pushed the door right open and started to go quickly across the room. I could hardly hear what he was saying. He seemed to be straining enormously to get the words out. What's the matter, Harry? He whispered. The way he was speaking reminded me of George Barling after he got shot in the stomach when he stood leaning against a crate containing a spare aeroplane engine, holding both hands on his stomach, and saying things about the German pilot in just the same horse-straining half-whisper Harry was using now. I couldn't understand about taking off the shoes, but I figured that if he was as ill as he sounded, I'd better humour him, so I bent down and removed the shoes and left them in the middle of the floor. Then I went over to his bed. Sample complete. Ready to continue?


A reader asked me how to get started creating content when they feel like there's so much, so many ideas they want to talk about, so much material they could share. How to make the first video. So hopefully this video will inspire you to get going if you're in that situation or maybe you're in the middle of your content creation process and you still have so much you want to share and what do I, what do you do then? So I'll tell you how I first got, got going on this stuff. I got going in about 2015. With content actually I would say about 2014 was when I, when I started I had a podcast for about a year and then 2015 I started to do videos regularly and to write regularly. So what kind of inspired me got to get going was I had this question somehow come to me that I couldn't let go of and the question was what if I only had six months left to live? So this was in 2014 I, I, this question just was very heavy on my heart. I don't know why that question came to me. Maybe I averted some, you know, life-ending illness who knows or life-ending accident I don't know. That just, that, that question got me going and who knows, maybe if I didn't get going I would have died. I don't know, but it just said if I had six months left to live I would want to tell the world everything that I've learned. I, because every one of us who dies is like an entire library being burned. Your experiences are unique in history. Do you realize this? Your, the company, the exact combination of all the different modalities you've learned or all the books you've read, all the conversations you've had, all the people you've helped and the skills you've learned. That combination is completely unique in the history of man and woman. History of humanity. So when you die, if you didn't put that down in writing or in video format or whatever content format, that those skills, knowledge, experiences and that combination of all that and the personality that you've developed, all that dies with you. So I said if I, if I had six months left I would create as much as possible and put it all out there. And so that's what I got going with. That's what I started doing. I said I'm going to say the most important things I could say. The things that I've learned in my industry that, you know, that I think are really important that I think would help other people, I'm going to talk about that. So that got me going and maybe that saved my life. I don't know. I wasn't dealing with any particular illness back then, but I just, I don't know, that was a question that I, that was very impactful for me. And here's the truth. You don't know if you have six months left to live. You don't even know if you have six days left to live. I don't know if I have six days left.  I don't know, right? Or some weird illness could suddenly develop and I could be dead in a month. How will I feel on my deathbed? At this point, I would feel pretty good because I've shared so much information and shared so much of my personality and all of my earned life wisdom experiences on the internet. So much of what I say now is kind of a repeat of what I've said before. I don't know if you know this, but I create, I create four pieces of content per week Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday. So I create, I create on those four days. Wednesday is my online course that I teach. So that's new content to essentially a Saturday and Sundays are interviews with other people. So other people's content, but I create four pieces of content per week these days. And do you know how many of those are original now? One. So I only create original content on Fridays now, Monday, Tuesdays and Thursdays. I'm repurposing stuff, stuff I've written a year or two ago. I'm just taking the best of what I've written in the past. And like this piece of this blog post that I've written in relation to this video, that was written a few years ago. And I'm just rerecording a new video now talking about that. So this is eventually we all create so much content that eventually you'll be able to do the same thing and just keep looking back and taking the best of what you created before and just editing it, resharing it, maybe making a video from a blog post or making a blog post from a video that you made before, whatever it is, you're just, you're resharing it with some improvements, with some updates maybe. And you'll still want to create something original occasionally. I do it once a week. But so at this point, if I were to die, I would feel quite satisfied because I feel like I've sung my song. I'm only in my 40s, so hopefully there's more original content coming. But you see, I'm so much more satisfied with my life now. And I feel like I fulfilled my life's purpose to be honest with you. I feel like I fulfilled it. And the life's purpose isn't about the information they put out there. I think it's more about how we grow as people, how loving we become, how kind we can become, how honest with ourselves and one another. We can, you know, it's courage, all that stuff. But in terms of work purpose, in terms of career purpose, I feel like I fulfilled my career purpose. I can die now. And now that I fulfilled my career purpose, I'm just going to keep amplifying all these good things. And maybe who knows, maybe in five, 10 years I'll have a different career. Who knows? But I want that for all of you. I want all of you to share so much of the wisdom you have learned, whether it's in blog posts, videos, online courses, books, however you want to do it, that you can feel like, yeah, I've given everything and I can die and feel happy. And I'm just going to keep making it better for the rest of my life and maybe create new things, experiment, try new things. But don't let what you've already learned stay within you. Let it out. Let it out. Share. Now, for the person who's saying, well, I'm stuck. I have so much I want to say, but how do I make my first video? How do I write my first blog post? Here's what I'll say. It's not the first. If you think of the first, first ever video I'm going to make, you're going to scare yourself and you're going to intimidate yourself. I would be intimidated on my first video, my first blog post, my first Instagram post, my first tweet, my first book, my first course, my first whatever is so scary because you feel like, OK, history is going to somehow judge you by that. Or your friends and family are going to judge you by that. No, they won't. That's the secret. The secret is history will not judge you by your first. History will judge you by your last. Well, actually, I'll tell you the history will judge you by your best. And your first is not going to be your best. I don't know. Look back at my first video. It's not my best. I don't know. Maybe I've deteriorated over time. Maybe I used to be better. I don't know. But I don't think it's my best, at least in terms of ideas. I think my ideas have improved. I don't know. My delivery has improved. Maybe I've gotten more lazy over time. That could be the case. I used to do videos on my dog walks. Some of you remember. And those videos were probably more entertaining, more fun to watch. Because sometimes I show up with my dog and it's in nature. It looks nicer. I got lazy over time. And now I do it in my office.  And I don't want to be thinking about making a video. That's why I stopped doing that. I want to be there. And I want to be thinking about whatever I'm thinking rather than, oh, I've got to make a video. I've got to have a task to do. So that's why I stopped doing that. Because for my mental health, for my health, I stopped making those videos because it was too much trouble. Now I can be here. But part of the reason why I can do this, I can be less entertaining nowadays, because I already have your attention. I already have your, I'm sorry. I already have your attention regularly. That's why I can be less, like I used to have to be more entertaining because I was still trying to build an audience. I'll say this, I think it is true. If you want to build an audience, being more entertaining is helpful. Because then you build an audience. But it's not super sustainable, right? Because it's not personally sustainable. Because if you have to always try to be entertaining to build an audience and to keep your audience, you're always putting on a front, essentially, kind of like that. Whereas if you can be authentic. So I really, I feel like making those dog walk videos wasn't really authentic to me because I still felt like it was a chore. I still felt like it was a task. I couldn't really be there. While making this video is still kind of a chore, kind of a task, because like I said, I don't want to make any of my videos. If I, if I, there's different ways of saying authenticity. I think there's a higher authenticity and a lower authenticity. I think for the lower authenticity, I would be on the couch eating potato chips, watching Netflix or playing video games all day long. That's the lower authenticity. The higher authenticity is stepping into the best of what we can deliver to the world. And I feel like I can deliver my best here in the office like this with you, even though it's kind of boring. Hopefully you're getting entertained by the ideas and my energy, my presence in front of you. So anyway, so back to the topic at hand. Stop thinking about making the first video, making the first, writing the first article, writing the first book, making the first course. First is intimidating. So instead, think about the first of many, the first of many. History judges you by your best and your best is not going to be your first. Your friends and family are judging you by your best and your worst, maybe. Home friends and family, some mean people will judge you by your worst, but most of your audience in the future, right? The people who are going to be watching your video now are not your main audience in the future, because your audience is gonna be way bigger in the future.  Who cares about them? You care about them personally, but in terms of content, who cares about them? In terms of your audience building, who cares about them? Because your audience is gonna be 3,000, 30,000 people, maybe 300,000 people in the future. Your 300 friends, family and colleagues now, just a drop in the bucket in terms of your bigger audience in the future. So in terms of audience building and content creation, who cares about your friends and family and colleagues and classmates and who could judge you right now? Don't care about their opinion. Care about the 30,000 audience members who will follow you because they really resonate with just who you are. You can be real, just who you are. So don't think of the first, think of the first of many and don't worry about the order of your content. You got all this material to share, right? You got put into this order? No, people don't consume content based on the order. They consume whatever pops up in their social media feed that day, okay? They consume whatever shows up in YouTube that day.  Oh, I've never heard of George Cowell. Let's go back to the very first thing he wrote. Nobody does that. Everyone reads just whatever the latest blog post is. They go to your website, they're gonna look at the latest one. They're not gonna scroll back and look at your first one and no blog, you know, when you go to someone's blog, no blog starts from the very first one. All blogs are reverse chronological. So your audience will judge you by your last one, not your first one and history will judge you by your best one, not even your most recent one. And your best one will happen over time as you get more skillful, okay? As you get more skillful in creating and publishing and posting and recording, you're going to create your best over time.  It might be video number 87 or video number 870. That's the best one. So I hope this incur and I'll say one more thing.  Some of my visionary clients, they have this interconnection of ideas within them and they say, I can't see myself just writing a blog post or making a video here. There I have to make a whole series to make all the connections so I can feel satisfied. I'm inspired to make the whole video series. I'm inspired to write the book. Now, if that's true for you, that's not me, but if that's true for you, then go and write the book, then go and make the video series, then go and create the online course. And as you create the whole video series, share it along the way if you don't mind doing it. It'll be beneficial for your business if you share it along the way rather than waiting until the whole book is published. If you're gonna write a book, you might as well share excerpts of the book along the way as you, because then you'll build an audience who is gonna be really looking forward to reading the whole book eventually. So if you're gonna create an online course, if it's gonna take you a long time to create it, try to share excerpts along the way as free content. So it builds interest in your full final product later. So that's the way you think. If you think in terms of big picture, you can't create a single thing, then create the whole thing. Take your months to create it, but share excerpts, share little pieces along the way from the big thing so that you can start building an audience and building interest for the big thing later. So I hope this helps and please let me know if this helps to unblock you from creating content consistently, okay? Cause that's my aim, that's my goal when I make videos like this. So if you aren't getting going on creating content or continuing with your rhythm of content, if you're still blocked by something, I would love to know what your block is. Where are you scared? Where are you not so sure about? Let me know below, all right? So while I'm waiting for you to add your comment or your question, let me know if this is helpful, by the way. While I'm waiting, I'm gonna go check out any of the comments from the live Facebook people. Okay, let's see here. There are, looks like there are four comments. Let's see if I can find all four comments to share with you here. Okay, so yes, Miriam, thank you. Anna Maria, thank you. Miriam says, I'm not sure about the topic for a post. All right, Miriam, let's take on that challenge. What do you know? Now, that's a funny question, but let me ask you this. What would you like to have a business helping people with? Please comment below. What would you like to have a business helping people doing? What would you like to do for other people and earn money doing? What is that? Okay, talk to me about why that's important. Why is that work important? Or what's one of the most important lessons you've learned about that work? Or what's a question that you've gotten from people about that work? So there's your next piece of content. All right, I hope this helps. And I look forward to seeing your comments and your questions and what else is blocking you. I would love to know what is keeping you from making content consistently. All right, take care.


Welcome back to Capital Beat, a joint project between Orca Media and the Vermont Press Bureau. Joining me as usual is Joshua Gorman of the Vermont Press Bureau. I'm Neil Goswami. This week there was a pretty big pot hearing in the House chamber. House lawmakers were trying to hear from the public about this pending legislation to legalize marijuana. Josh, you were there. What was the scene like in the house and what did they hear? Well, it was no pun intended a joint hearing between the House Judiciary and the House Government Operations Committee. GovOps is probably going to get the bill assuming that it gets out of House Judiciary maybe next week. Okay. So there was roughly about 60 people that offered testimony. Of those, like 34 roughly, I think were in favor, 19 were against, and five were undecided. And of those people that were opposed to it, these are people, many of them, like favored legalization in theory, but we're not happy with the way that the bill is approaching it. For example, the bill prohibits people growing their own for personal use, instead setting up what some people refer to as a monopoly, in which if you have up towards $25,000 for a non-refundable application fee, there's no guarantee you're going to get your license. Right. So this is really, really thinned, they heard, I guess, the people who are going to be able to do this. There are also people who were opposed to the fact that it bans concentrates or tinctures. We heard testimony from a woman from Weston who's a medical marijuana patient, and she uses a tincture rather than smokes. She talked about mixing it with alcohol and making a substance. Yes, yes. So basically, it's THC-infused alcohol, and she said works best for pain management. Okay. And under the terms of this bill, that would be abolished. You would be allowed to do that even as a medical patient. However, in general, people were pretty, pretty positive for sure. They alternated pro and con, pro and con, and the cons ran out long before the pros did. Yeah. So we heard a lot of the same arguments, which is, hey, it's already here, it's already in our state, it's already legal. Let's get some tax revenue and take this money out of the hands of the black market. We heard a lot of the similar contrarian arguments, which are this is bad for our youth, and this is going to make our highways less safe, and there's no way to accurately test to see if somebody's impaired. So those are the arguments that we heard last night, which pretty much mirror the arguments we've been hearing since January when this thing first started out in the Senate. So we're thinking maybe next week, the House Appropriations Committee will actually get down to whether or not it's going to advance. That'd be the judiciary. Sorry. That's what we're looking at. And my understanding was, we were going to take three weeks on it, and now Friday, the end of our second week. Okay. So I think you do need time because roughly we've got about a month left in this session, as I understand it. So it needs time to make its way through the other committees as well. Okay. And very briefly, the House also passed a property tax bill. Without going too far into the weeds, what's going to happen? What's the outlook? Basically, the upside is the residential homestead property tax rate is going to be going up by .2 cents, and the non-residential and commercial is going to be going down by .5 tenths of a cent. All right. Very good. We'll be right back with House Speaker Schaff-Smith to talk about some more issues from this week. Welcome back to Capitol v. Georgia is now, as promised, is House Speaker Schaff-Smith. Great to be here. Thank you. Thank you. Earlier this week, an issue sort of took off when it became widely known that 13 dams on the Connecticut River are being put up for sale by TransCanada, who purchased them in 2005, when the state declined to really make a competitive bid on purchasing them. You have been one of the most outspoken proponents of the state exploring potentially purchasing these dams again. Why is it so important for you and others? The governor has expressed interest. Even Treasurer Beth Pierce has said this is something the state should take a real look at. Why is it so important for the state to explore this possibility? Well, I think it's an incredible asset for the state of Vermont. You don't need to look any further than our neighboring state, New York, that has an authority that owns a fair amount of generation capacity at the hydro level and how it helps them. One, it really creates a green portfolio for them, so their energy is very, very renewable. They use it as an economic development tool. They have low industrial rates, and they are able to attract industry as a result of that. So I think it's an asset that is really worth our looking at. Now, the economics may not work, but I think the last time we looked at it, we had an administration that was skeptical about the idea. I think we may be in a place where we would be more interested in buying it this time. It's basically a once in a generation opportunity. I think that it could define Vermont's economy and its energy portfolio over the next hundred years. There are 13 dams in total, Bellos Falls, Vernon, and Wilder, I believe. I think it's 460 megawatts of total output among them all. In 2005, as we mentioned, they were purchased for $505 million. If you just need basic inflation, we're talking about a significant increase in cost. We're in an economy now where the state revenues are not increasing as much as we'd like and as much as they have in the past. So what are some of the questions that you personally would need to have answered to have this make economic sense for this day? First of all, you need to know the kind of income that this would generate. This is a different type of capital purchase than one that the state would typically make because there is the income generation potential for it. What you need to do is have an understanding of what the valuation of the dams is based on a historical income analysis as well as a forward income analysis. That will really help us understand whether we can even justify putting out bonds for it. I think the other analysis that we need to make is what do the energy markets look like right now and what do they look like on a forward basis? We would be making a bet that there might be a carbon tax in the future. If there was a carbon tax in the future, those assets would increase in value significantly. So I think that what we need is a rigorous analysis. This is not something where you just say, oh well, this seems like a good asset for the state of Vermont. Let's go bond for a billion dollars and buy some dams. It really requires putting pencil to paper and really getting the numbers done. You mentioned bonding. Is that really the only realistic way for the state to move forward with the purchase? I can't see us consummating any sort of transaction like this without significant bonding. It doesn't necessarily have to be entirely state bonding. We have a portfolio of bonds called private activity bonds that we might be able to use in conjunction with a private partner, allowing us to have an interest in the dams but share it with a private partner. So there are a number of different options that we could take in this. I think what's most important is understanding when you have an opportunity and saying we're going to look at that opportunity. What I think happened in 2005 was a half-hearted, forced look at an opportunity that the governor at the time didn't want to take. I think that colored the decision that we made. You're referring to former Governor Jim Douglas, who has been pretty clear that he didn't think it was a crime. He actually, I spoke with him on Thursday and he still says he believes that energy generation and distribution should remain in the private sector. We have a governor now, Peter Shumlin, who expresses interest. A treasurer who has expressed interest. A leader of the house who expresses interest. Who will need to sit down in a room and actually hash out a way to move forward on this? Well, I think that all the people you've identified it will need representatives of the governor, the legislature and the treasurer's office. And then we'll also need a fair amount of support from outside of the building. People who really know how to do a business valuation. And those are the things that we're going to have to do. Now I'd like to just reply to the idea that power should be owned by private entities. We have a long history in the state of Vermont of municipal ownership of generation assets. So the idea and in many instances, we consider it to be a great strength of the state. So, you know, I don't share the view of the former governor that just because it's private ownership, it's good. I also don't believe that just because it's public ownership, it's good. I think in individual instances where there are advantages to the state of Vermont, we ought to see if we can take that opportunity. Now, I'm assuming you and others who are supportive of exploring the purchase will change your minds if it's a losing endeavor in terms of economic outlook. What if it's a break even? Is there a point of sort of return on investment that you would need to see or is breaking even enough of an incentive? I think that if it was a break even proposition on the current set of factors, given the fact that I believe within the next 20 years will probably have some pricing of carbon. I think it's worth taking a risk because I think those dams will have upside potential. And so my sense is tie goes to purchase. Okay, fair enough. There's another issue sort of winding its way through the house right now that's been installed independent contractor bill, which is in essence how employers define who an employee is and who a independent contractor is. There was a pretty overwhelming I think a unanimous vote on the bailout of committee and yet you wanted it recommitted into committee for more time. Some people disagree thinking they did their work, they came to a bipartisan or dry partisan consensus and it should hit the floor. Where are we with this bill and why is it not ready for prime time in your view? Well, so another committee that has potentially has jurisdiction over the issue that's labor related committee had a majority vote against the bill. And so what I saw was a potential conflict between committees coming to the floor. And typically, when that is potentially going to happen, we need to see whether we can reach some sort of resolution between the two committees. So I think it's important to understand what this bill is about. To some degree, this redefines the relationship between employers and employees in a country where people haven't had a raise for 15 years when you look at their real adjusted income. And when people are feeling like they're falling further and further behind, and in a country where the employer employee relationship used to define what the social safety net looks like, I don't think we ought to move precipitously in a direction that would redefine that relationship with the possibility that we would cut further holes in the social safety net. And so I want to commend the Commerce and Economic Development Committee, because I think they are taking on an issue that reflects the changing realities on the ground. And I would like to see a bill moving forward. But if we're going to move a bill forward that cuts more holes in the social safety net that we already have, then I don't think that's an acceptable option. So, you know, I've had a lot of conversations with the chair of the Commerce and Economic Development Committee. I went and spoke with them yesterday. It is not unusual for there to be conflict between committees and for a bill to take some time before you have a vote on it to see if there can be some resolution. Ultimately, I'm committed to a solution to the problem, not a statement kind of bill. And what worries me is that some people are more interested in a statement than actually trying to solve the problem. So you do see a path forward for this legislation this year? I am an eternal optimist. And so I always believe that things can go until they can't. All right. We've got five, six weeks perhaps left in this session. Josh sat through a public hearing on marijuana last night. I'll let Josh describe how that was. And perhaps, you know, having attended a lot of these public hearings, I found it to be pretty pretty civil, definitely more civil than the gun debate last year. In general, we heard the same arguments we've been hearing, I think at least since since January. What do you see right now? I understand that this thing might potentially be coming out of House Judiciary next week. Do you understand that as well? Well, I haven't had a chance to debrief with the chair and the vice chair of the committee. You know, I think what you hear from people is an acknowledgement that the policy of prohibition does not work, and that we are likely to move to a legal and regulated market. I think the question that many people have is, is this the time? And is the structure that has been put forth by the Senate the right structure and does it address the concerns that have been raised, particularly about youth use of marijuana as safety on the roads? I think those are the issues that the committee on Judiciary is grappling with. Whether those have been fully resolved, I think it's an open question. I'm going to work with the committee to see whether there's a path forward. As I've said in the press a number of times, I don't think that the bill in its current form has support within the House to get all the way through. Any other surprises coming our way in the next five or six weeks? Well, if they were surprises, I wouldn't tell you the most. Fair enough. Anything we can expect in the next five or six weeks? Well, I think one of the surprises is that we're pretty much on track to get out of here early May. And, you know, with a relatively difficult budget and with some thorny issues like paid sick leave and the marijuana bill, the idea that we were going to be able to get out on time or before actually we were scheduled to be there is a good thing. Last session last year we saw at the end some back and forth over various taxes. Do you see any potential questionable items either in the tax bill or the budget that might cause tension between you, the governor and the Senate? I'm sure that there are. And my sense is that they're not as deep or problematic as the last couple years. And last thing, there's been some bills dealing with tobacco in the House this week. The House voted for 92% excise tax on e-cigarettes. I guess on Tuesday you'll debate raising the age to purchase tobacco to 21. Why so much focus on tobacco stuff this year? Is this just driven by membership? Yeah, there are people who are really concerned about not only increased smoking tobacco use, but the significant increase in the use of smokeless tobacco e-cigarettes. You know, I think that what's important to think about is years ago nobody really thought that PFOA, which is now considered a pollutant, was that significant and it was problematic. And I think people have real concerns about whether the same thing may be true for e-cigarettes. There is some pretty significant chemical content to those particular devices. And I think people are concerned about the health consequences in the future trying to put some price on those items to discourage use. And do you see a path forward on Tuesday for voting in favor of raising the age? I think it'll be close. I don't know whether it'll pass. Alright. House Speaker Shep Smith, thanks for joining us. My pleasure. Alright. And that'll be a wrap for us on Capitol Beat this week. You can tune in and watch it on Orchidmedia.net or vermontpressbureau.com. Thanks again.