Welcome to today's IEA seminar. We're delighted to be joined today by Professor Quinn Slobodian, Slobodian, Marion Butler McLean, Associate Professor of History of Ideas, as well as in college. This topic today is crack up capitalism, profiting from fear in the time of the pandemic. So economic crisis, COVID, world disruption, the future capitalism, it's all there. He's gonna speak to us for about 20 minutes or so, and then we move on to the Q&A with our audience. You'll be able to join the discussion using the Q&A function on Zoom on your screen there. And please feel free to send your questions throughout the session, and we'll come to them once Professor Slobodian has finished his presentation. Just to remind you that today's presentation and the Q&A are all on the record. Please do join the discussion on Twitter as well, and please use the handle at IEA. So now to introduce Professor Quinn Slobodian. He's the author of the book Globalists, The End of Empire and the Birth of Neo-liberalism, where he traces ideas, unusual, lesser examined ideas about the origins of neoliberalism, right back to the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and to strands of thought that maybe our slightly unexpected was published by Harvard University Press in 2018, and offers an enormous amount of insight into the variety of ideas that we call neo-liberalism in our current era. He's a visiting associate professor at Brown University's Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs for 2022. And Marion Butler McLean, associate professor of the history of ideas of wealthy college. He's also an associate fellow at Chatham House and co-director of the history and political economy project funded by the Hewlett Foundation. And he's a new book coming out quite soon on capitalist exit fantasies, and it'll be out in 2023. So over to you, Professor Silovian, on crack-up capitalism. Thank you. Yeah, thank you so much, Professor Hardiman and to the staff at the IEA for inviting me and giving me a chance to talk about some of this material. And some of it is related to things I've been publishing over the last year and a half or so. And it attempts to sort of get a perspective on this time of pandemic and disruption that is maybe a little bit different from one that we usually hear. So it's kind of looking at it from the margins and kind of the somewhat radical, far-right fringes as we'll see in the next 20 minutes or so. But I'm happy to hear whatever reactions people have or sort of contributions they might have to this different way of understanding sort of the social symptoms of a time of social rearrangement. Now clearly for most of us, as I'm going to think I can speak for myself and probably most of the people on the call, the pandemic since it took over our lives in March 2020 has been a time of isolation, hardship, illness and for many people, death, loss of relatives, loss of colleagues and loved ones. But for other people, of course, it's been a time of great economic opportunity and great economic enrichment. And one could speak probably most concretely to the historical surge of the stock market valuations of the last couple of years, the unprecedented year-on-year leap in the number of billionaires worldwide, the unprecedented returns and bonuses being reaped at the hedge funds and the asset managing funds globally. Those are I think important topics, perhaps maybe even more important than what I'm going to talk about today. But what I'm going to talk about today is something a little bit more again on the margins is talking about sort of specific individuals who have managed to navigate the kind of waves of fear and panic produced by the pandemic to enrich themselves through articulating a kind of a novel form of politics. So drawing on the work that I've done, as I said of the last year or two, I want to talk about a few cases of what I think we're sort of provisionally calling a crack up capitalism. That is a form of economic activity propagated by people whose profit model and their kind of a normative vision of change and the social future relies on an idea of an accelerating process of social dissolution and an accelerating process of political fragmentation. So this is a form of sort of a profit model and a kind of a political vision that sees an acceleration in the near future and in the medium term future of processes of political crack up. The people I want to look at are first the entrepreneurs of so-called startup societies who preach secession from existing nation states in the creation of private polities not governed by democracy, but simply through contracts and private ownership. The second group we can call catastrophe libertarians of the gold bug community. So people who predict a monetary collapse and then sell you the means of fending off your own private tragedy in the form of gold bars, ETFs, gold shares and gold coins. And then the third group is a group that we've me and my co-author, Will Callison have called the movement hustlers of the so-called Corona skeptic community where sort of esoteric entrepreneurs and self-branding tech gurus have managed to turn contrarian opposition to vaccination, lockdown and mitigation measures into personal paydays for themselves. And I'm sure they're everyone listening has their own personal version of the kind of personality that I have in mind when I say that. I think all three of these even though they can look different in a certain way exemplify a common dynamic which we would do well to keep an eye on. That is these investors and business leaders who like war profiteers before them know how to capitalize on crisis and also have it in their own interest to kind of give the crisis a nudge to when necessary. So even though I mean, I don't mean to sort of make the pandemic a closed story clearly it's still ongoing but I think it's possible already for us to start to sort of historicize it to treat it as something that can be analyzed as the outcome of some sort of longer and short-term developments in the recent past and certain things that are still following us to the present. But it is in this sort of funny space where it's long enough ago now, early 2020 that it can feel like it's becoming a kind of an era that we have now spent some time in. It's not, we're not living in the sort of day-to-day headlines we're starting to see sort of patterns emerging. And if you remember in the first months those first months of 2020 much of the talk was about the kind of centralization of authority and the centralization of forces. There was this at least momentary idea that the nations were coming together against what then US President Trump called the invisible enemy, right? So although there was already a kind of a competitive aspect between who would have the fewest cases who would have the fewest casualties nonetheless there were sort of this this common perspective of looking towards national leaders assuming that central states were being reinforced by the need to deploy supplies to enact rapid measures to overrun often private interests or business interests to make sure that people got what they needed. So there was this kind of centripetal force at first, right? This tending towards the center. People's eyes were locked on the leaders in crisis mode and central agencies were giving forecasts sending down lockdown measures from above. These figures like Anthony Faiucci in the United States every country had their own kind of medical guru who now became the voice of either reason or oppression depending on your politics. But almost inevitably they were sitting somewhere next to the national leader and we could see a kind of a centripetal direction of political travel. But even then, even when our eyes were kind of locked on the national leaders there was also a kind of a centrifugal energy, right? Which was sometimes a little bit harder to notice but there was an energy, a political and social energy that was tending away from the center too. Think back to that sort of March, April, May time period suddenly local authorities became very prominent, right? Chinese mayors, US governors, Indian chief ministers. The uneven spread of the contagion was actually also leading to kind of sub-national forms of containment and sub-national sort of patterns of affliction and likely recovery. In the United States, this was extraordinary. This was happening at an extraordinary level. The California governor, Gavin Newsom, called California a nation state at one point in the early months of the pandemic. The Washington governor, Jay Inslee accused his own commander in chief, the president, Donald J. Trump of fomenting domestic rebellion because Trump was talking about quote, liberating individual states from COVID containment measures. So we saw this actual dramatic expression of the actual existing federalism of places like the United States and places like India as well. In the US, the Maryland governor in another example confessed that he was actually keeping COVID tests in an undisclosed location under armed guard to prevent Washington DC from seizing them and redistributing them more evenly across the political landscape. The different parts of the US broke up into so-called compacts for the purposes of governance and in some cases, differential right of movement. So you wouldn't be able to enter the one compact if you had come from certain high case states or you hadn't received vaccinations and so on, a place like Vermont next to Massachusetts here kept these policies in place until relatively recently. So this is amidst the attempt to sort of tackle as the species, this existential challenge of the pandemic and the virus, it was easy to notice or forget sometimes or easy to overlook the way that these sort of extraordinary experiments in subnational politics were actually underway at the same time. These were of course not happening sort of purely spontaneously. There were people who were attempting to kind of accelerate this tendency. And among those were some people who were actually sitting right in the White House. So there were a couple of economic advisors, Arthur Laffer and Stephen Moore. Arthur Laffer, you might know the name from the Laffer Curve, the pseudo-ideological, pseudo-intellectual justification for the large tax cuts of the early Reagan years, but also one of Trump's closest economic advisors. He and his co-author and collaborator, Stephen Moore, who works for the think tank alloc, the American Legislative Executive Council, which has it in his interest to sort of deliver ready made policy to Republican Congress people to get put into law. What they tried to do in the course of the pandemic was to sort of set states against each other and to argue that the unwillingness to lift COVID measures, the unwillingness to rollback containment was going to hurt growth in states that made those choices. And if it was going to hurt growth then they should not be receiving sort of certain benefits from the center. And the laggard anti-growth states of the blue democratic America would be sort of disadvantaged against the pro-growth, anti-lockdown red state. So even as there was this language of the nation pulling itself together and so on, beyond the kind of, forget about the kind of, the Black Lives Matter movement and the kind of street protests that were happening through 2020 that we can sometimes too easily forget when the biggest on the street protest movement in American history, even at this sort of higher level of policy, there was an attempt to set sub-national units against one another in a competition for scarce resources and for scarce mobile capital. In some cases, for example, there was a great deal of movement from places like California to lower tax states like Nevada, Texas and Florida. So there's this sort of much valley who texted us from Silicon Valley to Miami as a new hub for especially things like crypto. So there was a lot of sort of sub-national movement happening and it wasn't happening organically or on its own. It was happening because there was an effort to kind of redeploy and scramble the concentrations of wealth and productive resources in the United States. So that is still, I would say, within the realm of pretty standard what you would call competitive federalism. I don't think we could call the decision of Elon Musk to move Tesla to Texas for reasons of low taxes, sort of a symptom of crack up capitalism because it's more or less business as usual. So the United States, especially the auto industry has been reshuffled over the last half century largely by this logic of tax holidays, leveraging public funds to better enrich private companies and to draw them from one place to the other.  One of the most kind of articulate exponents of a more radical form of what we think we could call crack up capitalism is someone who was PhD in electrical engineering from Stanford, formal general partner at Andreas and Horowitz, which is one of the most important Silicon Valley venture capital funds. It's a fellow named Balaji Srinivasan who has a very large social media following. He's sort of a celebrity of the tech media world. And he was also rather early in predicting the radical outcome of the spread of COVID-19. So already, I think in February, he was saying that this thing is coming. We need to lock down now. We need to start putting on masks, et cetera, et cetera, which would be itself perhaps kind of admirable in the sense that he had to kind of foresight to see the sort of direction of travel for this epidemiological event. But where it becomes more notable is that he saw this as kind of a chance to accelerate something he had already seen in the making in a while, which is the kind of breakup of centralized states altogether in a lasting way, not just short-term lockdown, quarantine to prevent the spread of the virus, but he actually is a proponent of something called startup societies, which suggests the creation of new private polities on quote unquote, virgin land, somewhere leased or bought from developing countries in which people could expatriate from the country that they're currently living in, become citizens of this country and enter in a non-democratic form of contract-based affiliation. So effectively a kind of gated community, but as a country altogether. So this is something that he had been actively helping to promote and advocate for years along with Patry Friedman, the grandson of Milton Friedman. Apologies from Austin have been involved with supporting the so-called seasteading movement and so on. And it was very interesting to see in the early pandemic how he anticipated that the effect of COVID-19 would be to kind of accelerate what he saw as a kind of a hoped for fragmentation, that the effect of COVID would be to increase the mobility of certain factors of production. So mobile talent, mobile capital would start following the logic of the places that had locked down, most effectively would become green zones that would suck in mobile talent capital. Places that had not would experience a kind of a capital flight or a kind of talent flight or a brain drain, making states evermore into kind of vendors and entrepreneurs of doing everything they can to fashion themselves in a way to draw in this important small percentage of the world's population that was able to pull up stakes and reestablish themselves wherever they want without discomfort. So this was, of course, something, a vision that has now been complicated by the difficulties of a zero COVID policy, for example, in China, Taiwan and New Zealand and Hong Kong. But at the time it was notable, at least to me, because most of the world, you know, March, April, May 2020 was still in kind of panic mode, triage mode, and notably someone like him was saying, this is actually an opportunity and it could be this could be the chance that we've been waiting for to accelerate a movement into a kind of a post-national much more kind of fractal as he likes to put it, landscape of options for a kind of larger palette of policy options for the mobile millionaire and entrepreneur. This was picked up on by people who do things like rankings for world passports, you know, who predicted that COVID would spark a sort of step shift in global mobility, increasing the movement of people who wanted to secure second passports for the ability to relocate. You know, it has indeed taken a different color now when, for example, people are trying to get out of China because they are locking down and containing the virus so well. So one can see how there's, things have not turned out as this group has hoped for, but it is notable that they thought that the pandemic itself would serve as a kind of a rocket fuel towards a fragmentation process that had, in many ways, had been happening across what we call the sort of neoliberal era over the last 40, 50 years. Another set of crack up capitalists that I followed a bit in my work and that I wanted to say something about was people who are specifically involved as precious metals consultants or in the business of selling gold and gold backed assets in various forms. This group of people collectively called gold bugs insofar as if this is a belief that they have and not just a line of work that they happen to be involved in, is a kind of a longstanding strain of libertarianism which is itself quite interesting in that it got a big bump after the end of the Brentwood system in the early 1970 when the US closed the gold window. In other words, stop making the US dollar a convertible, free late gold. The price of gold went way up. The subculture was produced within which the belief was that paper money, fiat money, money not backed by precious metals was simply a kind of a means of politicians to buy off favors from the electorate that the printing presses, so to speak would be run forever by these quote unquote socialist politicians to buy off poor people's votes, buy off minority people's votes, hand off money to their chronic capitalist partners within the business community and that the world according to the gold bug since the end of the Brentwood system has been the buildup of this sort of paper mountain of fiat currency, which at some point will be set ablaze, leaving the world in ashes and only people who have left the sort of the concrete token of value, i.e. gold that has been recognized for thousands of years and so on as they say as a store of value, only the people left holding gold will be the ones who can sort of survive in this ashes of this monetary apocalypse. I am not exaggerating in the rhetoric that I'm using, this is the kind of way they talk about things. The 2008 financial crisis indeed gave a big push to gold bugs, they got new renewed relevance within sort of French communities. The internet has provided a wonderful new platform to kind of push this idea that things like quantitative easing, things like zero interest rate policy are ways for people in power to just keep themselves in power and at the expense of the long-term effective collapse of the economy and society. So when the pandemic hit, the gold bugs were kind of rubbing their hands because it was now clear that the moment had come, the moment they had predicted. One place that I followed this specifically, although I think you could follow this in most countries, the place I looked at it was in Germany. And in 2020, there was just this sort of flood of books called things like the greatest crash of all time, how you can still protect your money, the world before the greatest economic crisis of all time, the crash is here, what you have to do now, exclamation point, world system crash, the solution, I could go on and on and on. And these were not marginal books, right? These were actually bestsellers on Amazon in Germany. And they all basically promised the same thing, which is if you want to protect yourself and shield yourself from this now currently occurring collapse in 2020, then you need to, as quickly as possible, get yourself to the precious metals real retailer that in many cases these authors had to consult for or work directly for and buy gold ingots, buy gold bars, buy gold coins. Of course, if you tried to do that in early 2020, you would find that there was such a run on things like gold ingots and gold bars that you could actually couldn't get your hands on them. There were long lines when the stores were still open at the gold retailers of a place like Degusa, for example, in Germany. And the effect was, you know, the sense of desperation for people who felt now that the gold bug fearmongering had been confirmed and that now one had, you know, only to sort of cling to the possibility of sort of accessing some of those last remaining, those last remaining wafers or bars or ingots that were still available out there, it often being bought at a great premium, right? The gold price did rise by about a third over the course of 2020. It's gone up and down since then, but has remained at a much higher level as it was before the pandemic. So within the community of gold retailers, gold consultants, there are some, you know, properly well-read kind of ideologues, one of whom is a fellow named Markus Krall, who Germans might have heard of, if there's any Germans in the audience, but he was sort of recognized by the far right in Germany as the kind of, you know, the Friedrich Hayek of their movement, the alternative for Germany, the right-wing party, which has had a close working relationship with the gold bug community, you know, had politicians who were recommending people go to read Markus Krall's book, watch his YouTube shows which would get hundreds of thousands of views within days of being posted in March, April, and May of 2020. And he is relevant because he's matched his vision of sort of monetary collapse, not only with the kind of self-interested project of selling you the only remedy against the crisis which he predicted was coming, but also a kind of elaborated political worldview as well. So most notably, he suggested that there needed to be what he called a bourgeois revolution, within which, again, most notably, if you received any sort of a state support, you know, a pension, if you were poor or disabled and you received some sort of bursary or subsidies from the government, if you were civil servant, if you were a student on a government scholarship, you forfeited the right to vote. So democracy should only be a right of people who abjure any kind of the state dependency, as he called it. I mean, you know, anyone who's state spent 10 minutes in a political economy class knows that anyone who's an entrepreneur is profiting in all kinds of indirect ways from state spending, but the ideology was this, that there is a kind of 50% of the population, makers, takers, et cetera, who are parasitic on the state and therefore have no right to participate in the democracy. And this is a strong strain within far-right discussions in Germany and Austria and Switzerland, often overlooked in a discussion of sort of populism, which suggests the kind of welfare chauvinism along the lines more of what Marine Le Pen just ran on in France. But in the German-speaking countries, far-right movements tend much more towards this kind of a thing, a kind of anti-poor, anti-democratic, anti-fiat money and often a kind of a very austere, like hyperfiscal discipline model rather than a kind of a reversion to a more generous social state. So I'm running low on time. So those are my first two crack-up capitalists, the kind of startup society entrepreneurs, the gold bugs predicting, you know, imminent collapse. Third group I'll just mention briefly is the corona skeptic movement. In Germany, you know, the place that I, in a way, know best or that my training is in, the corona skeptic movement was led by something called the Khvedenka, which can be translated as kind of diagonal thinkers or sort of thinking outside of the box. And they're often depicted in the media as a kind of spontaneous reaction against the lockdown measures, I mean depicted very unflatteringly in the media, but depicted as a kind of, you know, a grass or something like the gilet jaune of the coronavirus moment, people spontaneously expressing their discontent for what we're often described as, you know, erroneous or misguided reasons. But missed often in the reportage, and I would say this is true of most of the ways the kind of COVID skeptic anti-lockdown movements have been narrated or reported is there's often, there's missing these sort of these hinge figures who we, me and my co-author Will Callison call movement hustlers, or you could just call sort of ideological entrepreneurs, policy entrepreneurs, people who kind of organize that ambient discontent, you know, bundle it, give it some kind of a, give it some kind of a shape, and then often, you know, are critical in making it not only more effective, but also in producing its own momentum. In the case of this, the German movement, this movement, which is a term that is very much like a kind of early 2000 sort of tech term, right? In that sense, it's very much like thinking out of the box, something you might see on a PowerPoint slide or on a kind of like a low energy kind of piece of PR for a, you know, recruitment firm. So the person who sort of coined the term and attached it to opposition to the coronavirus measures was himself an IT developer, an entrepreneur, had had a bunch of startups to his name. Within Stuttgart, which if you don't know, Germany is one of the richest parts of Germany, and copyrighted the term, Kvea Denk in 2020. And in the course of 2020, I guess he was, you know, organizing this grassroots discontent, was taking monetary contributions directly by PayPal or bank transfer to his account and was legally describing Kvea Denk as an initiative rather than a foundation so he could avoid taxes on the donations. So this can be replicated from country to country. The people who are, it's not to say that they don't believe in it themselves, they could very well have profound convictions about the dangers of the vaccine or the long-term psychological harm to children that lockdowns and masking has performed. It's not to question that people believe this or even in some cases that there's some legitimate foundation to their concern, but that the people who are the middle men and middle women are often have a vested interest in pushing this towards ever less conciliatory or ever less sort of compromise capable forms of opposition. And I think that that form of kind of crack up capitalism really thrives on the internet, it thrives in the kind of silos of social media, it thrives in the sort of paid webinars and paid sub-stacks and paid newsletters that induce people entrepreneurially to incite more emotional response as the last kind of hit sort of fades, right? So the radicalizing tendencies of social movements are well known, I've been studied for decades, but I think the kind of augmentation of social media platforms onto social movements is something that has a sort of a combustible quality that is often not lasting, is often not sustainable, but it can produce these sort of pyrotechnic moments that are also very profitable for those people who managed to kind of capture the energy and more importantly, the funds and skim off their fair share in the process. So I think that it's probably a good place to leave it there, so leave us some time to chat, but I wanted to just give a kind of a little bit of an insight into what I think is the palette or the tableau of some of the more extreme forms of political morbid symptoms that we're seeing in our presence in Maltryer's moment, so thank you.


Welcome to the emergency medicine video on shock. We will discuss the general presentation and treatment of shock in Part 1. Then in Part 2 and 3, we will discuss the specific kinds of shock. What is shock? It is defined as inadequate oxygen delivery to tissue, causing poor perfusion. Shock can be compensated with normal blood pressure. Or decompensated if there is hypotension. The end result is end organ dysfunction. There are a few different end organs that we are interested in. The end organ dysfunction includes the heart. There will be arrhythmia, ischemia and hypotension. In the lung, the end organ dysfunction can include pulmonary edema and ARDS. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. In the central nervous system, shock can cause a decreased level of consciousness. A change in a level of consciousness leading to confusion or agitation. It can also cause strokes. In the liver, shock can cause liver enzymes to go up. It can also cause a liver function test to go up, leading to coagulopathy. Shock can also cause the kidney to fail as well, leading to acute renal failure. Those are the main end organ dysfunction in shock. Remember, patients does not need to be hypotensive if they are in compensated shock. One useful rule is the shock index, which equals to heart rate over your systolic blood pressure. If this number is over 1, that signifies a sicker patient. And therefore, if your heart rate is more than your systolic blood pressure, you have to worry about this sick patient. Given what you know about the end organ dysfunctions in shock, what do you think would be the kind of lab abnormalities we will see in shock patient? In the routine blood work, you may see a high white blood cell count. The platelet can be high or low based on where they are in the shock spectrum. Because of the kidney function, you may expect the electrolytes to be changed as well. Particularly, you want to watch for that potassium. By the same token, the creatinine and the BUI may be high. Due to the liver involvement, you may expect the LFTs to go up. And due to the coagulopathy, you may also expect the INR and PTT to go up. Based on the end organ dysfunction that is present in the heart, you may expect cardiac enzyme to go up as well. What about other diagnostic abnormalities? Based on the heart dysfunction, you may expect ischemia on ECG. You may be able to see arrhythmia as well. On a chest x-ray, you will be able to see ARDS and pulmonary edema. In a patient with stroke-like symptoms, clearly a CT head might show some abnormalities. What is the general approach in treating shock patient? Well, in general, like with all sick patients, the main treatment approach is ABC. First, airway. We first ensure the airway is patented. If there is not a patent airway, or if the patient has a decreased level of consciousness, we may want to intubate. Keep in mind that a few of the medications we give for intubation can cause further hypotension. Once the airway is secured, we want to look after breathing by giving 100% oxygen. Patients might also be put on a ventilator if they are paralyzed and not breathing on their own. For circulation, we give intravenous fluids. We often give crystalloids such as normal saline or ringer's lactate. If the fluids still do not increase tissue perfusion, we might add vasopressors. There are specific kinds which are suitable for specific type of shock. We'll discuss those in part 2 and 3. There are 5 main types of shock. They are septic, hypovolemic, obstructive, cardiogenic, and anaphylactic. We will discuss them in parts 2 and 3 using the basic approach we just discussed. Thank you for watching.


Meantime, the Nigerian Union of Journalists has taxed the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC, and various political stakeholders to proffer a last-send solution to the persistent attacks on journalists across the nation. NUJ President Chris Isuguzo said this in Lafayette during a one-day training for journalists on conflict-sensitive reporting and the 2023 general elections. Isuguzo, who was represented by the NUJ national treasurer, Arjun B. Bhamidili, said the safety of journalists is essential in the common elections. He explained that the aim of the workshop was to strengthen the way and manner journalists perform their work during elections. Earlier in his speech, the Resident Electoral Commissioner in Nassagawa State, Usman Ajid Dagba, commanded the NUJ for organizing the program, noting that the success of their activities depend largely on adequate reportage by the media. That for the masses of this country to actively participate in the democratic process, the media itself must be strengthened to ensure that some of the mechanisms through which the military and public can be achieved are put in place and desinclate the uneven access to information and proactive initiatives like base with INEC, which is aimed at strengthening the way on manner journalists perform their work during election times. Perform your role as informants, as entertainers, as educators, please, because the nation can go on flames with the additional good reportage. I make good quote-unquote, if there is no adequate reportage, if people are misinformed or miseducated. On our own part, we promise that we will partner with NUJ to ensure that we have credible outing. Under our regulations, you must understand our guidelines. You must also understand the manuals that have been issued by the Independent National Electoral Commission to give effect to the provisions of the Constitution and also the provisions of the law. It is also imperative for you to understand our processes and procedures. The representative of the HODICT has tried to explain to you what the BEVAS does. Now, during voter enrollment, when we are registering voters, that BEVAS becomes the INEVOTA enrollment device. During voter authentication and accreditation, we call it the BEVAS, and immediately after we finish voter authentication and accreditation, during result upload, it turns into IRF for the purposes of a result upload. So, it is a three-in-one device designed by the Commission to reduce costs and also facilitate accruals.


What's up everybody, Jensen here for jaskiescasepages.com. We just sold out 2022, Canadian National Treasures Football, four boxed case prepared team number seven, and here we go, last case right here, guys. We might have one more, but I don't know if we're gonna post that up, what we're gonna do with that last case, but there's one more back there, I believe. So here we go, guys. 13 team R&B, everybody outspotting straight up. There's a customer name to the 13 R&B spots. And let's get this rolling, guys, here we go. We got modern marks right there, or modern master sorry, that's Randy Moss, Minnesota Vikings, Inku. And we got Drew Blutzo, the 20, for the Patriots, Matthew's straight up. All right, we got Frame Fabrics, Darren Woodson out of 49. Dallas Cowboys, that's Dallas Cowboys, 13 team R&B. Nine, we got a Nathan. We got a three-color patch right there, that is Frame Fabrics, Joe Mixon, four out of 25. That is Vangals, 13 team R&B, four. Four is Michael P. Las Palmocho. And we got another three-color patch that is Pat Swilling, for the Saints, four out of 25. Saints going to Matthew's straight up. All right, we got a little Tom Brady, Relic. That's nice, Patriots, Matthew, 45 out of 49. All right, first one, oh, there's two parts right here. First one is a Kenneth Walker to 49, nice little field pass for these Seahawks. Seattle Seahawks is Ryan straight up, that's nice. And we have a dual autograph on card for the Cowboys, Drew Pearson and Tony Hill, 27 out of 49, spot seven Bronco, oh sorry, spot seven Cowboys R&B. It's Nicole, lucky number seven. We have a Kyle Hamilton, NFL gear, piece of the pigs again and patch, 96 out of 99. That's for the Baltimore Ravens, 13 team R&B, spot six is Matthew. And last one here is a Johan Datsun. Rookie, first edition signatures, 50 out of 99 for the Commander, Sean Maddock. Nice beautiful patches right there too, sweet. Let me go get some more, 130's really quick, 100 rookies out of 99. Seahawks went to Ryan and then we got a Lawrence Taylor to 25 for the Giants, Giants is James. We got a Cooper cup, 34 or 14 out of 49. Rams, Ramo with that one. Beautiful patches right there, one, two, three, four color patch, 23 to 25 Isaiah likey for the Ravens, part of the 13 team R&B, 23, spot three. Three is Matthew and S Leonard Fournette, to 99. Buccaneers, four, Michael B. And nice two patches right there, four out of 49 for the Seahawks, Seahawks having a good break so far, Ryan H. First autograph is a Andre Johnson, nice Colossal patch, Autos. That's for the Houston Texans, Steve Locke, 41 out of 49. Another autograph is Josh Jacobs, nice, one of one for the Raitus, Jerry.  How about a Midnight RPA, Wanda Robinson, that's three out of 20, three out of 20, Giants going to James, Manson. Let's take a Midnight. And then last one here is for the Patriots, Bailey Zappi, one, two, three, four color patch, 80 out of 99, Patriots, Matthew. We're a Super Bowl 50 Immortality, 23 out of 50. That's Broncos, three going to Matthew. And then we have a Midnight, 16 out of 20, Brian Arleger for the Bra Bears going to Tammy. All right, Triple Relics there for the Cowboys, that's C.D. Lime, Michael Irving and Drew Pearson, all the 88s, 75 out of 99, Cowboys, 75, five is Eric. All right, we got Jalen Ramsey, 49 out of 49, for the Rams, Raymond with that one. We have a Tyler Lockett, 14 out of 49, Seahawks again, getting a lot of nice hits so far. It's going to Ryan H. Little Rages, six out of 10 for the Green Bay Packers, three color patch too. Andy Rats for the Packers. Here we go, Bobbie Wagner Rams Edition, 19 out of 49. Another one for Raymond and the Rams. We have eight, whoop, we have eight Panthers signatures. That's DJ Moore, 55 out of 99. Caroline Panthers, Matthew, that one. TJ Watt, 26 out of 99. Nice one there for the Steelers. This for Steelers, that's going to Shawn Matic. And last one, look at, very nice break, it's Seahawks, one, two, three color patch, 20 out of 25, Tariq Wolin, very, very nice. All right, one more box, guys, one more box. Last box, Mojo. Last box here, guys, here we go, TJ Watt, treasure moments to 21, and Mike Evans, 49 out of 49, for the books. All right, we've got a Minnesota Vikings, Chris Carter, 11 out of 25, that's Minnesota Vikings, Inku. All right, another one for the Cowboys, R&B, 22 out of 25, spot two is Matthew, that's Jalen Tolbert and Jake Ferguson, dual relic. That's going to Matthew. Pat Frermuth for the Steelers, 42 out of 49. No one for Shawn Matic and the Steelers. Joe Burr, 61 out of 99. Why does it feel like to me the 49ers are so impossible to hit? I feel like I haven't hit any 49s ever. We have Terrell Bernard, 36 out of 49, Bills, 13 team R&B, spot six is Matthew. All right, here we go guys, keep on going, so some nice hits. One off, would have been number 12, Tom Brady, that's Drew Blatso, pro bowler right before Brady started taking over, right? Patrons, got him, Matthew. Ooh, very nice. RPA there of Trent McDuffie, three color RPA, 18 out of 25. And that's Kansas City Chiefs. Chiefs of course is part of the R&B, eight, going to Michael P, nice. And last but not least, we have another true RPA. It's Brian Robinson, Jr., 23 out of 49. It's hoping for a Sam Hall, man. I feel like we'd be getting less quarterbacks. And Shawn Matic, there you go man, still got an RPA though. And there you go folks, that was it, just like that. NT in the books. So I don't have any random answers to do here, but a lot of nice hits here as well. Boom, boom, boom, boom. There you go. One on one, Josh Jacobs was really nice. Very, very solid stuff. So there you go folks, appreciate it. Jaspeys, casebreaks.com, thank you guys. All right.


I wanted to know how it works, because you would do it in two languages. We can't do all three. If we only have 45 minutes for the session, we can't have one person talk three times in a row. We don't have time, right? Suddenly we have a little time. So I just want to take a different language I want to prioritize for that person. We can go outside afterwards and do more. I mean, like, well, the Pakistan thing is running. I can just take the camera and go out and do it and make sure the Pakistan thing is okay. But yeah, if we only have like 30 minutes, it's not great. A couple of people in. Before it looks like. I mentioned it to a few people, but I don't know if anyone. One of them I thought was Pakistan, but then that plan obviously changed. So. No. Okay. Well, we can get started for our. Participants and online participants. Right. Sound great. Sound good. Like this. Too much breath. Nice. All right. Very good. Yeah. I can't hear myself through the mic so well. Okay. So we are about to get started with this session on DHS to impact stories. We have some people joining us online, which is great. And we have. One lovely participant here in Oslo and hopefully others coming. So the idea for this session is to talk about. How to. Craft share. Stories about the impact of DHS too. So we're both going to talk about that a little bit. We're going to talk about what is impact and DHS to context. And then we're also going to hopefully get started. From people who are here today. So people who want to be interviewed and. Have their presentations recorded. We can then. I'd go through the process of talking about DHS to impact. Life. So I've also got Alice with me who's going to do some. Assistance in French. Especially for interviewing. And then we will. See what we get. So to get started. I guess the main question is why, why is it important to show the impact of DHS too? So we have a few ideas here. Different audiences who might care about the impact of DHS too. So. Especially in our case for his UIO, his center. We do a lot of dialogue with donors and donors increasingly want to see the real world effect of their investment in DHS too. Not just the activities that have been carried out and the systems that have been implemented, the training that's been done, but what that has resulted in. So. If the goal is to strengthen the health system in a given country, how do we show evidence that that is actually happening? So. That's a key goal of creating a sort of impact story about that activity there. Similarly for people in the ministry of health or other program managers or project managers. The decision to use or continue using DHS too. It's frequently based on the idea of whether or not it is a effective solution. So. So. If the goal is to strengthen the health system in a given country, how do we show evidence that that has actually happened through these activities? That's a key goal of creating a sort of impact story about that activity there. So. So. So. The more effective successful platform. And so the more you can show that it is achieving its goals, the more likely those people are to continue to choose or choose DHS too as a, as an option. A different perspective is for the implementer community. We talk a lot about sharing and best practices, but how do you know what a best practices? Part of that is showing what the outcome of an implementation has been. So people can see it and see what it achieved. And how it's been able to present it. And then also to find out whether or not it's effective. And how that's been able to borrow from or learn from. Based on whether I was able to achieve its goals. And finally, this is a research component. And this is a fairly cyclical. And it's not just about. Informing researchers of what might be worth researching, but also looking at research to then determine where impact has been. We see a lot of impact using a lot of research using DHS to data. whether or not a certain program actually was effective based on the analysis of, for example, programmatic outputs that DHS2 contributed to. So here we have a few examples. What do we mean by impact? This is just some general categories, data completeness quality. I put a lot of quotes in here that you can see as like sample ideas, ways you could frame this in a text. Obviously, this is very generic, but you can see we're talking about a variety of things. It's not just reporting. It's also things like efficiency improvements, reducing workload, decision making, programmatic outcomes. These are all different categories of things you could potentially measure or potentially identify through a process of evaluating how DHS2 implementation worked due to deceiving its goals. Here I've kind of simplified it down to the bottom. You have to say what happened, what was done with DHS2 or through your work, how DHS2 helped achieve that, and finally, and most importantly, why that is important. It's not enough to just say that something happened. You have to translate that into a meaningful achievement for people so they understand what it was. So one question you can always ask yourself when you're trying to frame an impact story is so what? So if you say, okay, we trained 100 people to use this reporting form, okay, so what? What did that help them do? How did that improve the efficiency of the project or say completeness improved by X percent? Why is that important? What does that help people do with the data that's being reported? You have to take that extra step to go from what was achieved into what it means and that translation into meaning is what's most important for the audience, especially for a non-technical audience. They have to have you tell them what the significance of what was done is, okay, and then just some notes on ways to potentially document DHS2 impact. Some of these are internal, some of these are external. I think that if you're looking to create something from the start, you've got to really start documenting your process from the beginning and think about what you want to capture from the start. So getting good notes, what are the goals, what are the activities you're doing? What are the outcomes of those activities? That's crucial because that material will help you then create something later on. Formal reports, that's usually a part of the project. You have to report out to the funder on what you did. We encourage people to make COP posts, community practice, to share stories. We use that frequently as source material for writing impact stories that go onto the DHS2.org website. So if you're active on the COP and if you share your information on the COP, that's a great way for us to find it and then help you get more visibility for a project in the larger community. Impact stories are a lot of what we produce. Those go on the DHS2 website in a category and we try to go for a fairly broad diversity of projects, regions, subject areas. And then we have a few others here. Obviously, we do encourage people to also promote their work in other media, including outside of the DHS2 community per se. So external blog posts, presenting at different conferences, hosting webinars, joining webinars. These are all ways you can reach audiences and also help to increase the visibility of your work and DHS2 as a platform. So let's see what we have next. Okay, so this is just a quick summary from our perspective, how you can go about creating a good impact story. And by good I mean something that is detailed, meaningful, and concise, and gets the point across. So impact stories as it says here, this is our primary channel for communicating the importance of DHS2. We do share these on our website and we do also promote them with our donor audience, with other international audiences. And we do have a fairly large leadership. We have about 14,000 people on our mailing list. We highlight our new impact stories on our newsletter every month. And some of those get picked up by other organizations like UNICEF, international health organizations, then we'll frequently invite the people who are behind those impact stories to join things, webinars to share the stories further. So it's a good way to also get involved in these international communities and international conversations by having a work publicly visible and available. So we are very open to stories from the community, from the history groups, from ministries of health, from other organizations using DHS2. If you're willing to share the material with us, we can help shape it into a story for the audience. So some steps. Like I said in the last slide, mapping out your goals before you start the project so you know what you're trying to accomplish and maybe how to write about it when you get to the end. Documenting your work, keeping track of details, taking photos, getting screenshots. All this material makes the story more interesting. If you have visual resources, you can add to it when you're done. Especially if you're approaching this from a technical perspective, making sure you have a good link to the program team that you're working with so you understand what their goals are for the project and then you know how you can measure if they've achieved them or not and what a meaningful measurement of success would be. Finally, once you've got through all these steps for kind of preparatory steps, writing a COP post, as I mentioned, is a good way to document your work publicly and including a lot of these details. And then we would work with you on the last step, which is shaping that into a more public story for a general audience, for a non-technical audience. Okay, so then we just have a screenshot of our website. Some of the more recent impact stories there. And we're going to go into some hopefully live interviews today. We have a few people here who can essentially tell us about their DHS2 work. But first, any questions on the presentation so far? Any thoughts? Any ideas? No. Okay, so then I think we are going to do one or two interviews maybe. DHS2 Director for Study and Programmation at the Ministry of Health of IT. So we will do this first interview. Yes, Grant, maybe if you want to have to put the microphone on, we agree it will be great. Thank you so much. So Rudi, how are we going to proceed?  So we are so pleased to have a highly among our participants. So as I was saying, Rudi is the Deputy Director for the Department in Charge of Study and Programmation at the Ministry of Health in IT. So hi, Rudi. Hi. So this is going to be a short but very impactful interview, if I can say. So I'm going to ask you two key questions. Are you ready? So we're going to do this interview in English first and probably later on during the day we'll do another one in French and in Spanish. So basically, are you ready, Grant? Yes, we are. So my first question would be very simple. What does DHS2 mean to you? I mean for him. So I think that DHS2 means for all students good governance. So I will explain how to explain. So if you can control your information of the country, you can control the system. So with DHS2, we have indicated that it helps us to access the program, that information. And then I will make, resume the initial three keywords, collaboration, and the collaboration, integration first, that helps us to... The next question, they have one point. So the most important thing to make sure that you have everything you need to think is to start by saying where it is and where you are. And then you have your answer. There's one smooth signal. Well, she introduced me to that. Yeah, but her camera really needs to say it's really clear who you are, where you work, and what DHS2 means to you. Yeah. My name is Tomino. I'm working for the unit of the study and planning unit of DHS2. So the first question is what DHS2 means. And I insert, it's that means for us to be good governance. And if you can control the information of the country, you can control the system. So with DHS2, we have been able to develop to make assessment of the program, that help us to to see the performance of the system and to assess that intervention. So our the meaning of the DHS2 in three keywords, collaboration, collaboration, and coordination. Integration. So our DHS2, we have another overview of technology, maybe. So, and then we, we, we, we, we can, we can, we can order a database and make integration within the opportunity between two or three databases. Coordination. So that, of course, to coordinate more intervention inside the ministry before every program comes with this whole database. What now the first question is, the first question is, if I can use DHS2 to make this. So how we can process individual data or we get data? Yeah. Yes. So if it's known, or the first question, it's possible to make an anti-operability between these new databases and DHS2. Because the DHS2 is the easy part of the data we use to share or have data. Thank you so much. And the final one is, what is the impact of DHS2 concretely? The impact of the DHS2 is a change of behavior inside of DHS2, outside of DHS2. Because all the donors are using the DHS2. So and then for each programming easy, so they, they come to see right now the the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the that is, we are not going to develop all the data. So we have the DHS2. We make a motion about the DHS2. Every, every, every one inside of DHS and outside of DHS1. I'm talking about outside of New Zealand, I'm talking about partners, donors, and other signals. When we discuss about new data about new indicators, the first question is which platform that we will use to make it. So we have the agency and then we can use the agency to make the coordination between all the programs in the ministry and then in outside the ministry. So this is why I'm talking about the change of behavior in hand, with the impact, with the first impact that we are going to have with the agency. Even though we still make advocacy to use data for this meeting, it's a challenge. So you have enough time playing here on cards, you're sorry, to promote the use of the agency. Thank you so much for you. Thank you. All right, so by the way, I'm just joining us. Thank you. We had a short presentation on explaining the impact of DHS2, which if you missed it live, you can watch the recording later. We've recorded this on Zoom and now we're doing short interviews for people who want to share a DHS2 story, which we're going to record. So if we have any other volunteers who would like to talk to us about what DHS2 means to you or the impact of DHS2 has been in your project, we'd really like to love it if someone would come up and talk to us about that. Anyone have something they want to share? All right, I'm just going to put this microphone on you. And Grant will tell you where to stand so you look great on camera. And Alice, we're going to just stand over here so we're not blocking the, we're just over here is good. That way she can look at us and they can see her. For those of you who are interested in conducting interviews yourself someday, this is a common interview technique. We don't have the person stared right through the camera. You have them stare off to the side to an interviewer who is carrying out the interview, just a typical documentary style filming. So insider tips. Yep. So you can start by saying your name, where you work, and what does DHS2 mean to you? Extend in many other of the issues we do now, because almost all of the health they are an end user. So we have a challenge for now because Nepal has turned to just transitioning to the federal structure with that structure in place. We are also having a change in the communication like there are barriers, which is being, you know, like is absorbed for now. So DHS2 is actually breaking that barrier in terms of coordinating different sector of government because with one click, we get to see all the data and where the barriers are. So it is actually work as a bridging component in terms of the federal structure. So it's making a larger impact in terms of our country to coordinate all the ministerial government, especially who are related to health, and the decision maker, and as well as the end user. It's making a big impact. Okay. Is there anything else you wanted to share or is that? Thanks so much. Any other people who would like to talk about their work with DHS2? Yes. Do you have slides that you're planning to present today? Okay. Well, yes, I think we're scheduled to you for 11.15. So we'll get through a few more short stories first, then you can have the stage. Yeah. Let me put this on here. Yes. Okay. You can hold this. Ask him to look this way. The federal court, let's do it. At the ground level, the system is at the level, so I'm just going to move to that. For the DHS2, we don't need to be able to see the reform of the DHS2 internally. The DHS2 are done at the end. They click on the level system, so that we can see the reform. At the level of the DHS2, we don't need to be able to see the reform of the DHS2. At the level of the DHS2, we don't need to be able to see the reform of the DHS2 at the level, so that we can see the reform of the DHS2. And then the DHS2 is done at the level of the DHS2. At the level of the DHS2, we don't need to be able to see the reform of the DHS2. I'll read those as anyone else is interested in coming up and sharing a story with us. This English would be good. Yeah. Yeah, let's let's do English. Yeah. Okay, since you're representing several countries, you work with several countries. Can you maybe just give some examples of a concrete impact you've seen DHS to DHS to data make and one or one or more countries. We had some some challenges to tackle, we got in the DHS to get in the HM is so the country design strategy but in the strategy nobody knows what to use to change the system. So the game changer was in 2014, when we had an agreement on DHS to and actually we piloted it in 2013 to 2015, and then we scale it up all over the time until 2018. And then by the end of 2018, we were able to produce one yearbook and on your book, which has not been produced for 10 years before. So it changes the game and changes the way everybody sees the work of the health sector, and especially the public sector. So that's what is about total. For example, recently, and DRC and money as well, we were able to do in the COVID-19 crisis to reach us to have a case management system, including vaccination and lab results that we were able to produce certificate. In the case of total, that certificate has been accepted and credited by the African Union and also by the European Union. So those are the things we have been able to achieve in the tech team, in that in the coming year. Right. Thanks very much. Thank you so much. Thanks. I'll take this microphone too. Right. I think we have another. Oh, would you like to come up and join us. We're interviewing people. You arrived just in time. It's interesting because at that moment, we had a lot of problems with the health sector. And I've seen that since I was at the level of the health sector. Well, I discovered it. When I said, it was in the month of November, when I said, no, we have to implement the health sector in the month of December. No, no, no. since we have a lot of civil rights. So it allows me to solve a lot of problems not only with the support of the people, but also with the support of the land owners. Imagine when we see the ectel, write what they call us, so we will learn each person. Imagine this. So it's very easy to explain when you form the ectel. So it's a little bit more complicated than I thought, because I'm talking about the ectel in a formal manner. Yes, well, if I want to say the part of the ectel in the ectel, well, I would say the fact of having the ectel available is the availability of the ectel. So it's a little bit more complicated to add to the ectel than before we had to do when we had to do a statistical review. It was the ectel, we had to regroup the land owners and the ectel. Now it's centralized, we have the data, everyone has their own ectel. That's really the first part that I said. There is also the quality of the data. I don't want to throw this away, but I would like to say I have no idea what is the ectel in terms of the ectel. So on top of that, It's a little bit more complicated to have the ectel in the first place. But I want to add a little bit more. So it's a little bit more complicated to have the ectel, that are all very useful for the ectel, but in the first place The fact that we are central is that everyone accepts a single and unified and integrated. I told him when I was doing the presentation, it was with the fragmentation of the system. The fragmentation of the system, I told him. Just on the whole of the presentation. Thank you. I have time for one more short story. If anyone else wants to share. Any other DHS stories, Arthur, do you want to say anything while you're here? I know you've got a lot of stories. We do. I think we've got them. Okay, we've gotten a number of good stories today. So if you don't have any more volunteers, just wrap up with a couple closing comments. Yeah, we, yeah, so we actually have to end this session pretty soon because Pakistan is going to then take over and do a presentation on their work, but we can take the camera out into the hallway and do some more filming there. Okay, so a couple of notes. If you're interested in also sharing your stories, I think listening to the way people talk about their DHS two implementations, what's important to them is a good way to go about it. And if you're, if you're trying to shape a story, talking to people who are using the data using the system, what the data means to them, what the systems impact means to them is a good way to get to the heart of that story. Then you see what's important to the people whose work actually depends on using it. And maybe it's a great way to get that information if you're writing about a system, because people love facts, but they love even more as a good quote, a good story. And so if you get that story from a person who actually is really invested in the system that can be the headline for your article that can be the thing that draws people in and then helps them be interested in reading all the facts and all the supporting details. And maybe a lot of this is about the sort of personal connection to the system because this is a system that we use day to day they used to do their job and people who want to do a good job generally speaking. So if we can make that connection to how DHS to facilitates that work, so it takes achieving goals, then we can really translate that into a story that's meaningful for people and wants them to continue to engage in the DHS to project. Thanks for joining. I hope that was interesting, a little bit non traditional as a presentation, but I really appreciate everyone who came and who shared their stories with us, and we're going to wrap up. We will put this recording on YouTube for anyone who wants to watch it after that, especially if you missed the beginning part of the presentation we talked a little bit more about how to shape DHS to stories and and to might be interested in them. And then we're going to transition on to the next presentation which will be from the Ministry of Health in Pakistan about their work. Thanks for joining. Okay, I would maybe stop recording and start it again.


Metasurfaces are a promising technology for developing new generations of surface plasmid polariton, SPP, based biological or chemical sensors. These devices can be used to detect changes in their environment by altering their electromagnetic properties. This paper reviews several types of metasurfaces with negative values of effective refractive index, including freestanding, electromagnetically symmetric plasmonic slabs, multilayers, and two-dimensional wallpaper geometries such as split-ring resonators and fishnet structures. Additionally, the authors discuss how these structures can be used to achieve multifunctionality, as well as the limitations imposed by surface-bound intrinsic electromagnetic noise. This article was authored by Dragan Tanyskovic, Zoran Jaksik, Slobodan Vukovic, and others.