When we talk about corporate firm, this mean an organized business setup that is involved in regulating and conduct of economic activities. A firm is an organized form of business that works in an organized way to conduct economic activities and generate income or profit for the owner. But in doing so, the firm faces a serious problem and this problem is related to the collection of cash that how to collect cash, when to collect cash and where to collect cash. Corporate corporate firm is the standard method to solve this problem and a corporate firm has the ability to collect even a larger amount of cash effectively and efficiently. When we talk about forms of business organization, we can say that there are three types of business organizations. The first is sole proprietorship. The second is a partnership firm and the third is a corporation or a joint stock company. Sole proprietorship, this is the simplest form of business organization. It requires only a single person to act as honor in order to set up the business, run the business and operate that business. It is very easy to start this type of business as it requires little amount as capital end. Even no documentation is required to start this type of business organization. It creates an employment for the owner. So, it is a self-employed business. This business does not require any serious regulation. In this type of business, the profit earned by the business firm is taxed as the individual's income but beside these major advantages, this type of business bears two major drawbacks. The first is the limited life of the business. The life of the business is associated with the life of its owners. If the owner dies, this may end up the life of the business. The second major drawback of the business is the limited liability. This means that if there are losses to the business, the personal property of its owners can be used in order to make these losses good. So, these two major disadvantages of sole proprietorship firm makes hindrance in its growth but in case of dissolution of such type of business, it is very easy to dissolve this business as it requires no governmental permission or even no other regulations to follow. It requires only the owner's will to make the life of the business completed and finished. The second major form of business organization is the partnership firm. It is extension of the sole proprietorship. This form of business requires to have two people to start the business organization as a partnership firm. This business organization is required to get registered under a certain law and acted for regulating partnership firm businesses. In Pakistan, there is a law named as partnership act 1932. So, this is the act that regulates all business activities conducted by a partnership firm. In this type of business, individual partners bring their capital and this capital is pulled and it becomes the capital of the whole organization as a single amount. In this type of business, joint efforts of the partners are used in order to managerially solve the business problems. There is a benefit of this as two minds are better than one mind. Another benefit of a partnership firm is that risk in this type of business is shared by all the partners. Then there is another benefit that liability of the firm is jointly shared by the partners involved in the partnership firm. Like sole proprietorship, taxable income of the firm is taxed as the individual income of the partners. Like sole proprietorship, partnership firm also bears two major drawbacks in terms of limited liability, unlimited liability and limited life. In case of losses to the firm, partners' personal assets or properties are used in order to make the losses good. In case of death of any partner, the life of firm may come to an end only if the remaining partners are not interested to carry on the firm. Like sole proprietorship, a partnership firm can easily be dissolved. The dissolution may come to in existence only if a partner or more partners are not willing to continue the business. So, their willingness may come to an end the cause of life of the partnership firm. The third and most complicated form of business organization is the corporation or a giant stock company. This is the form of business organization that requires huge amount of capital and complicated regulations to follow in order to set up the business organization. It is a distinct form of organization that have separate legal entity apart from its owners. The owners in this type of business organization are called as shareholders. So, a company enjoys separate legal entity apart from its shareholders. There is a separation. The life of shareholder has no bearing upon the life of the company. This another mean that the company enjoys status of citizen in a country although in this status the company cannot vote. The company has a common seal. It works as a signature of the company. A common seal is engraved form of symbols that are used to stamp in order to authenticate the documentation issued by the company. The company's operations are regulated under certain act of law. In Pakistan there is a company's act 2017 that are used to regulate the business of companies in Pakistan. The major advantage of a corporate form of organization is that it has unlimited life. This means in case of ownership transfer, in case of death of any shareholder the life of the company does not come to an end and it continues. Another major benefit of company is that in this form of business organization every shareholder has a limited liability. This means that liability of the shareholder is only limited up to the amount he has invested in the assets of the company. Ownership is easily transferable but shareholders can sell his share to other person in the company or in the market. Another major benefit is that the profit of the company are divisible in the form of dividend to the shareholders and remaining profit in the company are worked as reinvestment for the company. There is a separation of ownership from the manager and it works as agency relationship for the company. But there is a drawback as the company is a separate entity apart from the ownership. So the profits of the company are taxed as an individual citizen but when after taxation the company's profits are distributed among its shareholders as their income then these shareholders are liable to pay tax as their income. In this form of business organization it takes very complicated procedure to follow to dissolve the operations of the company. In corporate form of business there is a separation of management from the ownership. Generally a company comprises of shareholders, directors and corporate officers. Elect directors who appoint corporate officers to run day-to-day operations of the company. Corporate officers generally work for the best interest of the shareholders. In closely held companies generally all these three forms of workers are likely the same but in largely stock held companies there is no such case and one can easily observe three layers of in terms of shareholders, board of directors and the managers.


Get a May 40 here Let's see if this works a little better downtown Sydney and to the Opera House Give it as a private place that where you have expanded, right? I still think of it that way I think I'm just kind of pushing back, you know from the other end at this point in my life Maybe it has something to do with age, but I think it has just a lot to do with the fact that I Recognize just how endlessly toxic this kind of atmosphere can become no one, but if you're on Twitter and you're trying So when people have more power or different points in their life, they want perhaps more regulated speech and In other points of their life when they perhaps may lack power You know that they may they want more freedom of speech So it depends a lot about your life situation and what's in your individual interests and your group interests To determine how much freedom of speech you really want What about it? So rich is talking about how dangerous free speech is Yeah You don't want to be on 4chan where there is endless scatological fake misrepresentations gross pornographic nonsense You don't want to be there and if that's all So I think a lot of what it accounts for which it spends its trajectory is Aesthetics like which groups are cool and which groups are uncool and he got so much so deep at so in-depth With the own audience that he'd been cultivating that I think he just became revolted to the very core of his being and This is the primary reason why he switched his politics, right? for questions of aesthetics and personal comfort and And just feeling like I cannot be associated with these people free speech is the ideal of free speech is based on a general level You know like you're trying to contribute to discourse and if you're not That's a lot easier to have Assumptions of good faith, right if you share Say the same religion or the same ethnicity The more you're having common not just ideology, but perhaps ties of blood or ties of faith Or ties of national commitment. It's a lot easier to arrive at common ground What constitutes good faith or not? Yes, of course free speech can be dangerous. I mean Richard should know about that He was instigating some bad ombres, right? He did so much damage to Donald Trump and I've never heard Richard talk about that I've heard it talk about the damage that Donald Trump did to him never hear Richard talk about the damage that He did to Donald Trump So it's very easy to think about oh so and so screwed me, but What about what about the damage that you did to? You did to other people So Australia has much more restrictive laws about freedom of speech than America and of course free speech is dangerous But lack of free speech All right, maybe even more dangerous Russian control Yes, there's no doubt that foreign actors Are seeking zero some game I'm getting in the way of Japanese tourists But yeah, of course free speech is dangerous, but what's the alternative? All right lack of free speech is incredibly dangerous, too So Richard talks about a whole free speech is dangerous, but think about the alternatives it's never just some One one direction question Strengths may actually talk into the kind of civilized and it's all the manner because there are these speech codes in Europe And so many people have already constraints on Twitter would also serve that we should even call it a movement work We should assume that we're part of it. I Objective in difference.


And, the talk is about the reachability problem for the classic model of timed automaton. Maybe this is an overkill, but still what is a timed automaton? So, it is roughly an automaton with clocks. So, you have a finite number of states. Here S naught, S 1, S 2, S 3 are the states. You have some finite number of actions. Here A, B, C, D are the actions. Now, in addition, you have a finite number of clocks. So, here X and Y are the clocks. So, the clocks are assumed to have a value 0 at time t equal to 0, and they increase at the same rate as time progresses. Now, of course, because this is an automaton, there should be edges between states. So, what are there in the edges? So, you have an action. And additionally, you can have a constraint over clocks. So, for example, this constraint says that if the automaton is in state S 1, it can take this transition only if the value of X at that time is less than 1, that's it. Now, to get something much more meaningful out of a finite description, you also have the power of resetting a clock back to 0 when you take a transition. So, this reset, in fact, allows you to measure time duration between events.  Now, what is a run of a timed automaton? It is just a finite sequence of transitions. We are interested only in finite sequences of transitions. So, I'm not, okay, fine. So, starting from the initial configuration, where the initial state is S naught and X and Y are 0, suppose the automaton spends 0.4 time units in state S naught. So, the value of X and Y increase to 0.4. And then it takes the transition. So, the value of X stays the same, but the value of Y becomes 0 because it was reset. So, similarly, I'm just explaining what is written, that's all. So, this is just a run of the automaton. The run is said to be accepting if it ends in a green state. Green state or final state or accepting state, you can call it whatever you want. So, and what are we interested in? Given an automaton, does there exist an accepting run? Very natural question. So, and this problem has been solved. It is known that it is decidable and additionally, you know that it is PSPACE complete. So, it was proved in the paper introducing this model by Allure and this model, just a small recap of the solution. So, where does the challenge lie? So, you've given an automaton, you want to know, starting from the initial state, can you play a path till the accepting state? Now, at each step of this path, you want to know if the next, the following transition is enabled or not, right? And to know that, you want to know what are the clock valuations reaching that point. So, this immediately says we need a good way, an effective way to handle this uncountably infinite space of clock valuations. So, this is the challenge in this, in this automaton, okay? So, what does Allure and Dill, I mean, what do they say? They say that, okay. Now, take some constant from the automaton and based on that, you partition this infinite space into a finite number of regions. Now, what is the property of this region construction? So, within two valuations from, I mean, of a region, you can play the same set of parts. So, there is no point of distinguishing those two valuations. You might as well consider them as a single bundle. Now, once you have defined this regions, you can take a cross product with your states of the automaton and build what is called the region graph. It's a very natural transformation to the region graph, and it is known that the region graph is sound and complete with respect to reachability. That is, if you have an accepting run in the region graph, there will be an accepting run in the automaton and vice versa, okay? But unfortunately, the regions, the region graph is too big to handle. So, you want something better, a much more intuitive and efficient solution is to actually collect all the valuations that reach a particular step. So, I'll just work out an example. So, there are two clocks, x and y. Initially, you start with both of them being 0, right? You let time elapse, sorry, at q naught. So, what happens? The values of x and y change, but both of them are equal. I mean, they change at the same rate. So, you collect all the valuations that have x equal to y. Now, the automaton wants to take the next transition, but then only the valuations with value x less than or equal to 5 can go across.  You elapse time again, do the same thing. Only the valuations with y greater than 7 can cross, and when they cross, the value of x gets reset, I mean, gets reset. Now, what is the point of me showing this entire contraption? So, if you look at the valuations that reach a particular state of the automaton, there is something nice about them. They can be described by simple constraints involving just the difference of two clocks compared to a constant. And this is not just a phenomenon happening here. This is what happens in general for every automaton. And this is the intuition for defining what are called zones. So, a zone is just a set of valuations defined by two kinds of constraints. Either a clock compared to a constant, or the difference of two clocks compared to a constant. For example, this is a zone, and because of this nice structure, they can be represented by difference-bound matrices, which have efficient operations on them. So, representing zones and working with zones is a cakewalk now, okay? So, then we build the zone graph. As we did for this previous slide, you just start collecting all the valuations, and you start exploring the automaton one by one. This is a much more efficient solution, and this is also known to preserve state reachability. This is sound and complete with respect to reachability. This is just a small problem that it might actually not terminate. If you keep doing it, it might not terminate. So, an example. So, you reach the state q1 with both the valuations equal to 0. You elapsed time, as that is what you have to do. Now, you want to take the transition, the self-loop, okay? So, only the valuation with y equal to 1 can take the self-loop. And that valuation, after taking the transition, sets its y value to 0. So, what happens? You get back this valuation. Now, you elapsed time. So, you have come to a new zone. Now, you want to know from this new zone, if I take this value. I mean, if I take this transition, do I reach something new? Is there something dramatic that is going to happen? No. And you actually end up visiting an infinite number of zones. Actually, you don't end up. That is the problem. The algorithm is non-terminating. So, instead of blindly exploring the zone graph, you want to abstract each zone.  That is, instead of considering the zone, you inflate it with respect to an abstraction function. So, what you have done, you have actually added lots of valuations. You have put in lots of valuations. So, the aim is to come up with a finite graph that represents the behavior of this potentially infinite zone graph. So, now that you have added extra valuations, you have to make sure that these extra valuations don't do something more. I mean, if you are not able to take a transition before, you should not be able to take a transition now. And of course, if you were able to take it before, you should be able to take it now. And the child, when abstracted, should again be sound. This goes on and on. So, the aim is to come up with an abstraction function that makes sure that this graph is finite. And the bigger, the coarser your abstraction is. I mean, the more you inflate it, the better it is for you because you hope to get a smaller finite graph. So, what is the challenge? Come up with coarser abstractions, keeping the soundness constrained in your mind. And this is also done. So, there have been, these are some nice abstractions that have been defined in the literature. So, this is also showing the hierarchy with respect to inclusion. So, for a given zone, this extra plus is contained in the closure and it is contained in the A. And these two are incomparable with respect to inclusion. So, with the argument of the previous slide, you want actually to make use of this biggest abstraction.  Of course, all these abstractions are known to be sound and complete. And there's just one constraint that you want your abstraction to yield a set that is easy to handle. So, you add this extra constraint. In addition to soundness and completeness, you want your abstraction to give you back a zone because we know how to handle zones very well. So, why not force this constraint? Say that your abstraction A should give you back a zone. And so, only these two abstractions have been used for implementations, okay? And they are called convex abstractions because a zone is a convex set. So, an abstraction yielding a zone again is called a convex abstraction. So, so far I have been talking about history. And in this talk, we will be seeing how to use this non-convex closure abstraction. So, it turns out that this is the first non-convex abstraction to be efficiently used. So, what is closure? This diagram might be familiar to everyone who knows about timed automata. So, this is over the XY plane. This is the division of the XY plane onto regions. The region abstraction defined in, defined by the very first paper of allurental. So, I have just printed it here. Now, suppose this is the zone. What is the closure of this? It is just the union of all the regions that intersect the zone. Now, you can clearly see that this is non-convex. Okay? So, the closure can potentially yield non-convex sets. Now, how do we use this? Of course, the standard way is to, is to build your coverage, the reachability tree of your zone graph. You start exploring the zone, I mean, one by one, and you abstract it at each point. And when you reach a zone, which is known to be contained in some other zone, you don't want to explore it further. Because you know that whatever you can do here will be done from there. So, you are actually wasting your time by exploring this. So, and this kind of inclusion, the direct inclusion from A, I mean, from between two zones is very efficient. It has a quadratic algorithm over the number of clocks. But why not plug in closure to this? Because closure is not convex, you cannot plug in closure to your A. As in, we do not know how to, rather, we do not know how to store closure as efficiently as that of zones. So, let us make use of the efficient representation of zones. Do not store your abstracted zones. But then, this can potentially be infinite. To avoid that, use your closure for termination. So, instead of just checking for a normal inclusion, check if your zone is included in the closure of some other already visited zone. So, what does this imply? This means that every region that intersects this zone, intersects this zone too. So, you are not gaining anything more by exploring this. You might as well stop here. This calls for a very efficient algorithm for checking inclusion of a zone with respect to the closure of another zone. Look at the number of inclusions that you need to do. Each time you come up with a new zone, you have to check if it is included with respect to the closure of some other zone. So, you want it to be as efficient, at least you want it to be as close to the normal inclusion as possible. Because in the previous algorithm, we were just using inclusions. Now, you need to use inclusions with respect to closure. So, you want an efficient inclusion test, at least as close to your normal inclusion algorithm. So, this is one of the main contributions of the paper that you have a zone, you have two zones, Z and Z prime. Checking if Z is contained in the closure of Z prime can be reduced to checking this question on all the projections over two variables. Suppose you project it onto the XY plane, and if this projection is not included in the closure of this projection, of course, the two zones are not included. But on the other hand, if it is included on all such projections, then you can conclude that these two zones are actually included with respect to the closure. So, this is the non-trivial part. And we should thank a very good observation made by Patricia Bouille in her paper Forward Analysis of Updateable Timed Automata. She uses an observation in the proof of some lemma, and that observation, when exploited, will give you this. Now, okay, so nice, you can decompose it to projections. So, what have we achieved? So, the number of projections is just a mere X square. So, the complexity of this algorithm is just quadratic in the number of clocks. Why did I say mere? Because this is actually having the same complexity as checking if a zone is included in another zone. So, checking if Z is contained in the closure of Z prime is as cheap, as costly, as checking if Z is included in Z prime. So, I'm not going to go through the proof of this, of course. So, what we have achieved, we will be using, we will be computing the normal zone graph instead of abstracting it at each point, and we will be using the closure for termination. And this is aided by the good inclusion test that we have, the very efficient inclusion test that we have. Okay, so you see that the closure depends on this parameter alpha. What is this alpha? It is just a bound function that associates some constant to every clock. Now, the smaller this bound function, the bigger the closure is, and the happier you are. So, the next quest is to look for a very good bound function, come up with as tight a bound function as possible. So, again, there is some history to it. So, the normal, the very, very naive way of doing this is to look at your automaton and take the maximum constant occurring in some guard. So, for x, you put 14, and for y, you put 10 power six. And with this, you get a huge graph. Ah, yes. So, okay, so I think I'll let the spoiler out anyway. But then, there was a better way of associating constants. So, you see that 10 power six is relevant to y only in this state. Now, to come to that state, you have to come through q two. But when you take this transition, you are actually resetting y. So, this constant 10 power six is actually hidden by this reset at state q two. So, you don't have to associate 10 power six to y even at q two. So, you associate different bound functions to different states of the automaton. This reduces the size of the zone graph by a good amount. So, this is called the static analysis. I mean, this is called the static analysis to get the constants. But then actually, this is also not enough. Why? Now, look at this example. So, by the static analysis algorithm, you know that since y is not reset, it will have 10 power six. But a little bit of careful observation shows that this q two is not reachable at all.  So, it can never cross, it can never come. The timed automaton can never come to q two. So, instead of associating a bound function to every state q of the automaton, we want to associate a bound function to every q z in the zone graph. This zone graph gives you the behavior of the automaton. So, at this node, the maximum constant that is relevant comes from the path below it. So, you look at every path, collect the maximum constant occurring before a reset. That is sufficient. Now, how do we do it on the fly? So, initially assume that I have not seen anything. So, my bound function is minus infinity for every zone. Now, I'm seeing some guard. Let my node know that I have seen three. So, update your bound function. Let your ancestors know that I have seen three. So, you do a propagation. Now, suppose you have explored further, and it turns out that some zone, some node is actually, some zone is actually contained with respect to the closure of this zone. But then, okay, it is contained, fine, but it is contained with respect to this alpha. But this alpha can change during the course of the algorithm, right? So, what do you say? You say that, okay, with the information that I have now, I know that it is contained. So, let me call it a tentative node, and I'm not exploring. I'm not in any urgency to explore that. So, let me just stop, and make this a tentative edge. And then, when I learn new constants, in addition to knowing my ancestors, I mean, in addition to letting my ancestors know about this new constant, I also let the tentative nodes know. Because the rationale for not exploring this is that whatever you explore here, you can do it from here. So, the tree that you get here will not give you a bigger constant, okay? So, you actually copy the constant here, even to your tentative nodes. Note that even when there is a disabled edge, you have to let everyone know about it. Of course, for reset, there's no problem. So, the algorithm proceeds by an exploration phase.  You get lots of tentative nodes. Now, you check if these tentative nodes are still covered. If not, you explore them. So, it's an exploration. Then you follow it by a resolution. Then you explore. Then you resolve, and so on. And you stop when all these tentative nodes are still covered. And this procedure is also finite, because the constants that you get here will not be greater than the constants that you get during your static analysis. So, this procedure is going to terminate. And finally, you will have a tree in which the bound function of a node is bigger than the bound function of its children. And the bound function of a tentative node equals that of the covering node. And the theorem is that this procedure is correct. So, overall, what do we have? You compute your zone graph and use this efficient tests with closure for termination. And additionally, you get some gain because you're calculating your bound functions on the fly. Of course, by just giving an inclusion test for closure, we have not come up with something better than that is existing before. Because what is existing is the best one that is used in current implementations is this. And we have for this. But then we could also manage to compose this one and this one to get an abstraction that subsumes both of them. And still we could come up with an efficient test for this composed abstraction. So, we can claim that we have a nonconvict abstraction that subsumes all the ones that are used in practice. And we are also calculating the bounds on the fly. So, yeah, some experimental results. So, we have a prototype in which we have checked some standard benchmarks. So, we have implemented our algorithm which uses this abstraction and on the fly bounds. We have actually implemented upals algorithm. We have considered upal because that is the closest to our theory in some sense. So, we considered upals algorithm and we implemented it in our tool. In upal, this is the one that is used and the constants are obtained by static analysis. We also checked it with the upal tool itself. Now, there are some blanks. So, these blanks show that after some considerable amount of time, the tool did not actually stop. I mean, here we have the number of nodes and we also have the time. Before you jump into any conclusion, this does not mean that our tool is better than upals tool. I mean, that of upal. This just happens because we suspect that this is just due to a different order of exploration. And then the inclusions are happening in a different way. So, it's ending up unfortunately taking a lot of zones. So, but our aim is to compare the effect of abstraction and this OTF bounds. So, we implemented upals algorithm in our prototype and enforce the same order of exploration in both this one and this one. And then we looked at the nodes, the number of nodes that are obtained and the time that it takes. So, if you can see, there is a good decrease in the number of nodes. So, basically this abstraction and the OTF bounds are actually giving a decrease in the number of nodes. And why did we give the time column? We want to show that this extra work that we are doing is not costing an overhead on time, this constant propagation, this inclusion tests and stuff. In fact, for the last two examples, we are getting a gain in time also. In particular in this FDDI example, the DBMs are huge and still the closure inclusion manages to give you a good decrease. So, the closure inclusion is actually efficient. But then of course, for the CSMA this one, there is an overhead, though not very high. And one last comment, if you can see our prototype cannot handle bigger models. But of course, upal manages to handle them beautifully. So, we strongly think that our algorithm would benefit upal if implemented inside. So, this brings an end to my talk to summarize. I just showed that we can efficiently use a non-convex abstraction. I mean the efficiency is as good as that of normal inclusions and we can also learn the parameters for abstraction on the fly. So, you are exploiting your semantics to the fullest. You know what is relevant, what are the constants that are relevant when you are actually doing your reachability analysis. Now, this leads to a lot of other things to look at. In particular, okay, now that you have decided you want to propagate some information when you are actually exploring. Now, why propagate only constants? Can you propagate something more? Then, so far we have been talking only about automata without diagonal constraints. So, can we extend this to automata with diagonal constraints is the next question. Yeah, I'm done, thanks.


we are at a time of the year which is considered significant for those who are on the spiritual path. The Tamil month of Margalees starts from 16th. What is the significance of this month? It is at this time of the year that the planet earth is closest to the sun. So this should have been the hottest month. But this is a time when the planet is shy of the sun and the northern face faces away from the sun. In the southern hemisphere, this is the hottest part of the year. In the northern hemisphere, this is the coolest part of the year because the northern hemisphere or the northern face of the planet is facing away from the sun, but it is closest. So in terms of temperature, because of the closeness to the sun, the angle at which the sun's rays hit the planet is very diffused. But in terms of sun's gravity functioning on the planet, right now it is at the highest. So the maximum pull of the sun's gravity is functioning upon the planet at this time. So this Margalee month is a time to bring balance to the system. It is like if something is flying all over, if you just pull it, it gets centralized. So that is the effect that the Margalee month has on the human system. It pulls you from the base. So it brings balance and stability, recognizing this that one needs to bring balance and stability. This is a time when there are practices in the yogic system which has transmitted itself into culture in many different ways. This is a time when men will do what generally what women are supposed to do and women will do what men are supposed to do in the sense in Tamil Nadu there's a culture that this is a time when men will go on Nagaras and Kirtan. That means men will practice devotion, they will sing. Singing and devotion is largely considered feminine. So men will practice this. Women will practice making geometrical figures. Geometry and masculinity are very directly connected. If a woman sees something, let's not say a woman, if feminine sees something, it will always pay maximum significance to the color and form of that. If the masculine sees something, it always sees the geometry first and then the color and the form. So this month women practice geometry, not on paper but in front of their homes. Through the Margali month every woman is supposed to draw geometrical figures. Of course today you have templates, they are no good. You must practice geometry because shifting from color and form to geometrical shapes and forms. This is a simple transformation of a certain science into a cultural dimension. Because of the closeness to the sun, because of a general pull downward, Muladhara becomes the most dominant. Because Muladhara becomes most dominant, the preservative nature of life becomes dominant in the body. In the yogic system we would say when the preservation is dominant, this is not a time to grow. All life in the northern hemisphere is at its minimum right now. The growth of the tree, the plant and if you plant a seed you can see this. The growth will be slowest at this time, not only because of the temperature, because of a general pull downward. So because the growth will be very... because the growth will be held back because of a certain inertia in the life force. This is a time the body can recoup itself. This is a time body can preserve itself well. The inertia caused in all aspects of life because of the closeness of the sun and being on the wrong side, everything being pulled down. Seed will not sprout very well. Recognizing this, Margali, in the month of Margali there never are any marriages in Tamil Nadu. Still it is being maintained because this is not a time for conception. Even those who are in the life of householders, even a grihastha practices brahmacharya for this period generally. It is based on this you see people are going to the hills, forty days of brahmacharya before they go there because this is not a time for conception because the seed will not sprout as well as it would another time. So in the science of breeding the right kind of human beings, Margali is not the time to conceive. There are many aspects attached to this. We don't have to go by that because it will develop a whole prejudice against the December born people. No, December born is not the problem, December conceived. Not necessarily so, it is just that to sink our lives with the natural moments of the earth to see that we ride the cycles of this planet, we are not crushed by the cycles of this planet.


I've been going to jail all my life. It started off at the at the state prisons and we could go there like every weekend So but then other than that just on growing up as a kid without a father in the house You know, I didn't tell when they talked about your father at school. I didn't talk about mines and You know, I just kind of kept that to myself Yeah, we on boss talk one-on-one. Yeah, we gonna talk you want to take it back to when you were growing up young Larry Hoover junior junior Tell us what it was like I'm growing up growing up without a father or should I say without a father in the home In the home and how much did he still play role in your family? Although he was locked up well I'm gonna say he played up. He still played a big role in my life because I'm Between my mother my grandmother. I Was always able to go see my father See, it's a lot of kids that end up in situations like I was in where if the relationship with the mother is not good And she don't deal with On the father and the father's own if she doesn't deal with the own if it's a bad relationship between the father and father's family then on Then that puts a strain on the relationship, but I don't have that problem My mother would take me to see my father. You can only go visit him on these what once a month No, no, he was in state. Okay at that time. I've been going to jail all my life It started off at the at the state prisons. Okay, and we could go there like every weekend So but then other than that just on growing up as a kid without a father in the house You know, I didn't tell when they talked about your father at school. I didn't talk about minds and You know, I just kind of kept that to myself. How did that make you feel? As a child, I mean remember I Imagine it was kind of You know embarrassing I didn't Is it was like it was something I didn't want to bring up Mm-hmm, you know, I by the time I realized I think I got my times mixed up, but By the time that I realized he was in jail. Actually, I know I wasn't telling people that my father was in jail.  Yeah, he was at the zoo for a while He was at school for a while to pretty soon. It was like He in jail. What about you? Did you play sports anything coming up? Yeah, I played was you any good though? See, that's that's the part right there.  Yeah, that was love Plates hey, that's what the money it is Was on there too. He been on here. I gave him a tough time After that, I played basketball No, that's one of the times where I wish my father was there to give me the courage to just go out there You know not letting nobody talk me out my game It's it's easy to say that but my dad was there and he ain't talking nothing out no game You know, I'm talking about keep the other people from talking about what I'm telling you He never came to the game And he wasn't like Give me nothing out here, you know, but from the understanding that we have and it could be from the separation There you go. My father might have came my daddy needed to be locked up Because it do make you think different when you go through stuff versus people who never have had to go through that It make you think deeper about things that you it really make you understand the things that you really should be loving on You understand what I'm saying versus you just out here doing whatever they taking life for granted See, he has to go through these situations through he has to live them throughout That's how I'm about him or have you so At least from where he's at he says that he you know, he wish he could have been there definitely definitely I know I believe him because like I said when you sit down and you have to think about things that's really happening And with a clear mind and understanding Mm-hmm, and you have the time to do that and yeah, of course when you if you had an opportunity now you do it, right?  I made the team built your confidence up Then grades came out there it is and I was off the team in eligible my friend His father got on top of him. I didn't know you could get your grades up and get back on the team You just gave up I started hanging on Saturday Night Street from there. I wasn't trying to play basketball In the night street, you know You know being that you came up in a town where the GD's and the final all these people that and you were connected If you wanted to be you had to be your name said it all You wouldn't maneuvering out there And not having to deal with that or how did you how did you when you step out and and those opportunities to present that? Presented themselves to you. How did you avoid them? I did you avoid? Did you take him here at all? All right early on in life. I was Aspiring to be what I saw. Yeah, you know, were you don't oldest child? No, you're not. No, I had two older brothers, right? So I have a brother From my father and then my mother had a son, but my oldest brother actually got to live with my father and my Brother up under him. I think he he got to be around him, but he was pretty much kind of young So I don't know how much he actually remembers. Okay, but yeah, so I Was young when I caught myself trying to step out my best friend and I'll I just say that on He gave his life to save my life. Well, I did I was there But when he got killed that's when I said no, I don't want to be Seventeen right? I think I heard you say Hmm. He was about I know I was like round 16. He was maybe 18 somewhere in there Yeah, and and he got shot gun violence Yeah, he got shot he got shot over simply on some guys roll pass and you know, it's disrespectful You know, you see what all the young guys do they drop the Everybody drops the forks on the videos because they just have a real something against Gds or what have you? So that's what happened a guy dropped the forks and then he dropped the five and the guy Parked and got out of this car And you know, he went to the trunk with my buddy. He was too tough to Lead the situation He got a lucky shot and shot him in the heart from across the street with like a 25 Ah, dang.  You still be Yeah, I don't know what my life wouldn't win at that point. Right. Yeah.  I lost my best friend mom all type of stuff happened, you know Within months, you know, um It just I think that's the way he does get your attention You know the man the big man he gets your attention by letting you go through certain things and experience certain things And it pulls you to a certain place, you know And also that you know, that made my father look at things a little different with trying to make sure I was Doing the right things You know, it made him worry about me when he's seeing somebody that was That close to me at that age plus my father. He had met my father. So, okay. Yeah So did any of your siblings? Fall in that situation Ended up like on the street or anything like that. Let's just say on the streets dealing with the with games Yes with games and situations. Oh I'm gonna say my older brother was more You know, he kind of grew up more towards the streets. Okay, you know No, because the reason why I was asking I want to ask you um If you had any older siblings and stuff like that because I know the older siblings Especially when the father isn't there to normally try to step into that role like, you know, like I'm dad I'm gonna look up for you. I'm gonna make sure you're not going to be doing this So for it Well, my my other brother, he didn't he didn't live with me. So He wasn't he wasn't there like that. So my my mother's son Then my father's other son But both my brother's my middle brother didn't live with me. Okay, my older brother did but my middle brother who was kind of So that was the one that was the that was the wild one. He was he was representing Oh, okay, you know, but he wasn't there to um To influence you Well, yeah to tell me Yeah, we on boss talk one on one one on one. Yeah, we gonna talk


Hey everybody, Dr. O here and this video we're going to talk about the three types of loose connected tissues. Remember that loose connected tissues has less collagen than dense connect tissue, hence the name loose versus dense. So here we see adipose tissue or fat tissue. A key thing to remember here, so adipocytes or adipocytes are going to be your fat cells, but there are two types of fat. Now when we think of fat, we think of white fat. White fat is stored energy, you can store about 3,500 calories in a pound of fat.  Brown fat is very metabolically active, but its job is to break down fat and produce heat instead.  Brown fat is a special metabolically active fat, its job is to help with heat production. That's why some people do like cold plunges or they call it a cold thermogenesis. If you get cold, it's believed to activate brown fat to keep your body temperature up and might help you burn some calories.     It's even believed that like if you have liposuction and your body carves out fat cells, that these stem cells will rebuild them.  All right, so that's adipose tissue. Next we have reticular tissue. The word reticula means little net in Latin. So reticular tissue, I think of a mesh. It looks like a mesh work of what are called supportive fibers or stroma. And these supportive fibers support the actual functional cells called the parenchym. I don't use those words often, but when I think of reticular fibers, I think of packing peanuts. It's the framework that your solid organs are built on. So hollow organs, I always think smooth muscle. Hollow organs have smooth muscle that moves material through them. Solid organs are filled with this packing peanuts. If you get a box from Amazon full of packing peanuts, that's not what you want. You reach in to grab what you want. So the functional cells like liver cells and these kind of things are going to be built on reticular tissue. So it is the packing peanuts or the framework that your solid organs are built on. Lean, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, these are all going to have reticular tissue. Last one is areolar tissue. This is really kind of non-specialized, just kind of a generic looking. It's usually the generic picture they use when they're looking at connective tissues in general. It's very loose. So I would say the key example for areolar tissue is going, which basically means loose, is going to be underlying. It's the connective tissue that attaches to your epithelial tissue. So we talk about membranes in a future video. Membranes are going to be epithelial tissue plus the connective tissue they're attached to. Most of those are going to be areolar tissue. Other than that, not a whole lot to know about here. They fill in the spaces between your muscle cells. But I would say these are the least important. All right, so those are your three types of loose connected tissue, adipose tissue, reticular tissue, and areolar tissue. I hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


Using the ESA method in teaching English as a foreign language. ESA stands for Engage, Study, and Activate. It is an effective and logical method used to teach new language. By using ESA, it gives teachers the flexibility to conduct a classroom in an organized and productive way. ESA is extremely important when it comes to teaching, in the sense that it keeps the students interested, motivated and eager to learn more. ESA is particularly appropriate for trainees and new teachers, hence the course is based around the Engage stage. This is the first phase that teachers should always start the lesson with. In the Engage stage, the teacher tries to arouse the student's interest and gets them to involve in the lesson. Activities and materials which can be used to engage the students include music, games, interesting pictures, stories, discussions with the whole class, miming and acting, prompting the students to answer and using questions to get the students thinking and speaking in English. The aim of the Engage stage is to get the students' attention and to elicit the meaning of words or topics that will be covered in the lesson. The Engage stage is highly important because it gives the teacher the opportunity to include almost all the students in the activity. The Engage stage also helps the students feel comfortable and ready to learn. The Study stage After the teacher has engaged the students, they then move on to the study stage. The study stage consists of activities that help students focus on the language and its usage. Activities such as studying from text and dialogues, example sentences, crosswords, gap fill exercises, word searches, matching, games, and drilling. The main reasons for the study stage are for the teacher to teach the students new language items or topics and show them the right way of using them. Also, any errors made are corrected and further discussions are made. During this stage, the teacher can help the students to understand the structure used better. The Activate stage This is the final stage of the ESA method in teaching English as a second language. In this stage, the teacher concludes his or her lesson with activities such as discussions that are for the whole class, small groups or even pairs, role plays, story building tasks such as posters or advertisements, simulation, and debates. This is the stage where the students are encouraged to use any or all of the language they know at the study stage. This stage helps the teacher to know how well the students have understood the new language item that was taught in the class. Advantages of using the ESA method in teaching English as second language In the nutshell, it is of great value for the teacher to learn the ESA method of teaching English as a second language. By so doing, it will help the teacher to have control over the subject matter in an organized manner. It will also help the students to learn through a fun and productive way. Students participation is very high and effective because the engage stage helps them to learn and the activate stage helps them to put what they have learned into practice. ESA is structured in any way to suit the teacher and the topics to be taught. The most common structure of ESA is the straight arrow method, which starts with an engaging stage fellow by the study stage and ends with activate stage. Apart from the straight arrow structure, there are boomerang and patchwork structures. The teacher can use any of these without having difficulties. The most important thing is that the teacher starts by engaging the students and ends with activating the students. Are you ready to teach English abroad? In summary, using the ESA method of teaching makes teachers more equipped and at the end produces students who have control over the English language. Speak with an ITTT advisor today to put together your personal plan for teaching English abroad. Send us an email or call us tollfree at 1-800-490-0531 to speak with an ITTT advisor today.


One of the things that we actually are trying to explore now as a company is how do we understand what the customer might do next? Because we've managed to observe or just using the digital aspect, we've managed to understand a lot about what the customer is doing on our platforms. But I think one of the big questions that we have right now is what they might be doing next and how we might be able to enable our platform to be able to communicate to them so that way we can be able to make a sale quicker as opposed to waiting for them to ask for something.


What's going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overlord here We're gonna be talking about screen six primarily in this video here today now The reason we're talking about screen six is because we're gonna be going over some of those fake spoilers that many of you Weren't in to know about that. We're Circulating in the summer of 2022 these were the things that were never made public These were the things that a few of us myself included were trying to protect I put out a tweet about some of these things some of you have commented saying that you think this Should have been what we ultimately got but I'll see what the rest of you think if you never saw that tweet because I'm Gonna share these same fake spoilers in this video Two of them were true out of the several that were out there and I guess I guess one other depending on how you look at it but Diving into these fake spoilers and what allegedly would have been the story for screen six Which again, I don't know how true this might have been at one point or another I Tend to now lean on this was complete BS outside of just somebody getting lucky with what they were predicting and From what you guys have again stated a lot of you think they came up with a better story These were the fake spoilers circulating in the summer of 2022 now The first one which ended up being true was that Bailey and Ethan are ghostface as we know Bailey and Ethan Ended up being ghostface father and son duo Also, they had their third partner in crime Quinn Bailey the siblings to Richie father The Richie Kersh, you know the whole shebang there Now here's the other thing that I was sure a lot of you are familiar with Bailey is Rebecca's father Rebecca from screen four Sydney's publicist So I think that was her publicist, but yeah, so Bailey was rumored to be Rebecca's father I know a lot of people were thinking that that's who he's talking about When he said in an interview with screen rent or whoever the outlet was that his connection to the ghostface Sprees and six a strong family ties a lot of people were under the impression that this was Rebecca's father that indeed was one of the fake spoilers circulating Then the third one here that really was interesting was that Bailey and Christina met in one of her AA groups and Bailey was actually the one who was Being planned as a killer as early as screen five Courtesy of the phone conversation you have tear have with ghostface at the start of five where he's like I'm a friend of hers from group The alleged backstory that ended up being not true was that Bailey and Christina met in AA some type of group Had an affair had some sort of connection that they bonded bonded over over time and after meeting at this group after getting close It became romantic in a way. They had an affair had sex She got pregnant and Christina had an abortion which upset him now This is a man who had previously a decade ago lost his daughter Rebecca in a ghostface spree Now he had a chance to basically recreate a family and Christina robbed him of that Ethan another spoiler that was again. Well, yeah, this is the one that was kind of true Ethan was just an in-sale accomplice which he kind of was and there was just a lot more to it But here's the thing Bailey, which is another one of the fake spoilers Wanted to take revenge on Christina by targeting her children Because this is his form of revenge and reasoning for becoming ghostface because he's going to take from Christina What she took from him, which is the opportunity to be a father again children You want to take my child away? I'm gonna take your girls away now The thing that was being spread as to why this likely could be changed again. I think this was BS Their reasoning was that The whole thing would roy the wade and how that could cause them to not want to do it due to getting backlash I'd argue though. Let's say this was the route that they went down. Let's entertain this for a second I think a lot of people would have ate this up a lot of people would have been okay with it Yes, you would have had some people who are upset but a lot of people would have preferred this over what you gave them in screen Six ultimately granted. I am very much so someone who likes to look beyond just the similarities to screen two There's a lot of stuff about the motive that's different from screen two There's a lot of the approach that's different a lot of the execution, of course overall Is very different than screen two There's a lot of different material that they are working with that mrs. Loomis and mickey altieri We're not working with in screen two that you have present in screen six I think people would have ate this up though a killer who basically is actively trying to seek out and destroy a woman in her kid's life because he's unhappy that she decided to Abort his child. I think that would have spoken to a lot of people would have resonated with a lot of people Yes, it would have been upsetting But once again, what would it have been what would it have been for scream? It'll been another opportunity for screams to commentate on current events And that would have been a beautiful way to commentate on it if you asked me But again, this was fake now another one of the spoilers that I'm very glad was fake Was that curvy reed would have survived the opening sequence only to make her way to new york? and Have herself killed when she tries to reach out to gale weathers Gale would leave curby alone in her apartment ghostface would kill her leaving a message to gale or something like that But that's how curvy would have died curby dies reaching out to gale gale leaves her alone ghostfaces at gale's apartment I guess he must have been waiting for gale, but instead he got curby and took out curby Then of course, we all know this one sydney would have got a phone call at the end of the movie and it would have set up A sequel to the events of scream six which thankfully that did not happen given the current events Of where we stand with the upcoming seventh film Uh, those are the spoilers. Those are the spoilers that did not happen for scream six outside of the fact that bailey and ethan Were indeed the killers, but you didn't get anything regarding an abortion. You didn't get anything regarding a familial connection between Christina and bailey But I do like that that could have been something worth exploring You could still explore that in a future screen movie You could still explore it and I wouldn't be opposed to seeing it down the road whether it be In the inevitable seventh film. I still think we could get Uh an eighth ninth whatever you want to do as far as this series goes on You guys can let me know what you think about these fake spoilers down in the comment section below What are your thoughts on them? What do you think about that roe v. Wade approach? What do you think about Christina and Bailey having an affair. What do you think about bailey being rebecca's father? There's a lot of material that could have been given to us there with a character like bailey Who already lost someone to a ghost face spree now donning the mask themselves to get back at someone who they feel has wronged them By taking away their opportunity to be a father again I would imagine that their plan would have been to frame christina as the person who snapped because of her her daughter ruining what she had and Not being appreciative, you know stuff like that. There was this alleged line where he Bailey that being was like she'll have a a child with a serial killer in reference to bailey lumis But she wants to abort my child. I don't think so. So like that's some crazy type of dialogue We could have gotten but again, that was all fake Let me know what you think about this down in the comments section below if you haven't already of course Make sure you go ahead and subscribe turn on post notifications that you never miss a video in the description I'll have links to all my social media accounts. I am on facebook twitter and instagram You can message me there, of course Let me know any movies news or reviews I'm going to cover in the future and with all that in mind guys I will see you in the next video


I think 2008 was a very good year for Program 1, especially all the three major stresses. We've had a good accomplishment. For drought, submergence and salinity, we have very good lines, good breeding lines and varieties that have done well under field conditions. So I really expect that the achievements in 2008 will carry on very nicely into 2009 where we're doing sea production and distribution of some of the good materials. For submergence, of course, we've had this in the development stage for several years now. So I think that we've got a lot of confidence from 2008 in terms of the performance of the sub-1 lines in the farmer's fields. For salinity, of course, we also have very good varieties that have been performing well and spreading among the farmers. But I was particularly pleased about the progress in drought where we could demonstrate that some of the drought-tolerant varieties are performing very well under drought prone conditions. So these drought-tolerant varieties, I think, are going to have a lot of potential because that's really one of the major, probably the major, stress for the main field environments. So I think all of this is stimulated again by Program 1. You see even in the attitude of the donors, if you see the report of the Blamber Indicates Foundation which came yesterday, again the Program 1 is the main highlight of their achievements for the development programs. I think really 2008 is a major storm for Program 1 and there's a lot that have started to stop moving out and probably you can see much more exciting progress in the coming years. Beside the progress in variety of development, I also want to stress the progress that has been made and demonstrated and validated with farmers in management. This time our partners are not only the research agnogies and agnogies in the past but even the state governments, development agencies, even federal government, they are all excited that by replacing these varieties, bringing these varieties into cultivation, productivity in the stress-prone area can be enhanced because they have been working since last several years. Even there had not been any impact of green devolution in this particular stress-prone area that was restricted to only the irrigated system. So there is very wide scope and because of this, actually our national partners are quite excited and they are collaborating in whatever way it is possible.


Public safety officials say law enforcement officers seized a record amount of methamphetamines on the streets in Minnesota in 2016. The violent crime enforcement team seized 488 pounds of meth and that's a 484% increase from 2009 when meth seizures were at their lowest level. Officials say meth continues to flow into Minnesota primarily from Mexico. Well enforcement, legislation, and education have all played a role in reducing the number of meth labs in this state from 410 in 2003 to 13 last year. Meth continues to flow into our state. Meth is primarily sourced out of the country of Mexico and makes its way into Minnesota through commercial and private motor vehicles. The Department of Human Services says there were 11,555 treatment admissions for methamphetamine use in 2016, more than any other drug including opiates. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Bismillah ar-Rahman ar-Rahim, Allahumma salli wa sallim ala Sayyidina Muhammadin wa ala alihi wa ashabi hajma'in. So the topic that I wanted to discuss today or to begin with is something that I feel needs more of a place in our communities and needs more of a mention.  And so I believe it's very fitting for today especially to remember what he did, who he was, and what he did for Muslims and Islam in America, but also worldwide, and how we can bring that into our lives, especially the lives of our children and so forth. And that's one of the the topics for the Boys Halakah tonight is we were going over in some of the groups the story of Malcolm X and we asked a number of them, you know, do you know Malcolm X? And a number of them said no. They had not heard of Malcolm X. Now we didn't try this here, but if we were to ask them, have you heard of Martin Luther King? How many of them might know that? It might be a good indication of what our society has, whose story is being told. And narrative is very important. The story, like who tells our story and what is the story that is being told? So for example, when we look at stories in the Qur'an is full of stories, what was the story that was being told about the Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam? What did they say? Well, yes, they did say he was sadaq al-ameen, so they recognized that he was the truthful one, but once they started realizing that his religion, if people follow his religion, they're going to move away from the old Arab ways, what did they start saying about him?  All of these stories. And you see this that they tried to push this narrative consistently wherever they went. When the Muslims felt oppressed or not felt oppressed, they were oppressed and they made their hijra to Habashah, the first hijra to the land of Ethiopia under the king and Najashi, Rahimullah, because he became Muslim and the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam made a janaza for him in absentee. And actually, you know, some people, they will pray janaza in absentee and they use this as a proof and that it's a valid scholarly opinion. But others said, no, this was something specific, khas that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam did for the king, Najashi, which makes it that much more important. In other words, it was not his sunnah to pray janaza in absentee, but he made an exception for a Najashi, to honor him for what he did in protecting the Muslims when the Muslims went there. But when the Muslims went there, who came to a Najashi to tell them another story? Right? He said, oh, the Muslims, they're telling you this, this and that about you. We got the other story. When the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam went to Taif, what did Quraish do? They also went to the leaders and they started telling the story, their story, their narrative, their version of who the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was and it affected them. So the leaders of Taif, now they have two stories. They hear the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and what he's telling them, who he is and what he wants to do in their community and that he wants to get a safe haven where he can teach, unappressed and yet the leaders of Quraish have told their story and so who do the leaders of Taif go? They go with the Quraishi narrative at the time. Najashi was guided by Allah subhanahu alayhi wa sallam and he could see through that narrative and he didn't accept that narrative. But constantly, in fact they used to put Quraish, used to put people outside or there was a place where the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam used to preach. We used to teach people and call people to Islam and there were pathways that led to that place. So one of the things that Quraish did is that they actually hired beautiful singers, women who were singers and placed them along the pathway to misguide people. So people would walk and they hear, okay I heard about, there's a man named Muhammad and he's teaching. We want to go find out where he is. They probably ask around to where we can find them. You take this path and then they go on the path and they find these beautiful singers and they could get distracted and so there was this economic push. It wasn't just, oh we don't like what's being taught there and we're not going to, and you know, we don't like it. They were taking active measures. I mean imagine how much money it takes for them to travel to Ethiopia from Mecca. But they did that. They traveled to Taif. They hired these singers and in this ayah or this situation is the ayah where Allah says, do you not see, maybe somebody can remind me of the Arabic, the one who spends his money. There's a, we can look it up. Maybe somebody can look it up. But you look at the person who spends his money to distract people from the path of Allah. But it was talking about these people who used to set up the singers to distract from the Prophet. So this battle of narratives, who controls the narratives is very important. It's very important to realize and it happens all of the time. It happens all of the time controlling the narrative. Even Iblis, we can also, it's not only controlling the society. We also control ourselves. We tell ourselves something and then we make a decision based on the story that we have convinced ourselves. So what did Iblis, and before he was Iblis what was his name? Azazil. He wasn't an angel but he had a name like the angels. We hear Jibreel, Mika'il, Israfil, all the Eel. What does Eel mean? Allah. It's the name of Allah in Sirianiyah and it's the language that the angels speak. And so when you hear Eel, Jibreel, Mika'il, Israfil, Eel, Eel. It's like when we say Abdullah, Abdulrahman, you know the slave of Allah, the slave of the merciful and so forth. All of those names are names indicating that they're there, you know it's a name that has the name of Allah in that person's name. His name was Azazil, which means servant of Allah with a specific meaning. So when he was Azazil and he saw what was happening to Adam, that he was going to be given this position that he wanted deep down inside, what did he tell himself? What was the story that he told himself? I'm better than him and I'm better than him and then he had back up, he had proofs.  So we have to be very careful of the stories that we tell ourselves and this goes in whatever situation. I mean, if we think for a moment, think back five years ago or 10 years ago and think about maybe or maybe two weeks ago, think about a characteristic about ourselves or an action that we used to do that now we no longer do it and we hate that action and when we think about ourselves, when we used to do that, we cringe and with that stuff, I can't believe I did that. I can't believe I convinced myself that that was okay because we told ourselves a story. We told for whatever it was, we told ourselves a story and we believed it and we kept telling ourselves this over and over again. In fact, the brother mentioned a book about a couple weeks ago, we were talking about forgiveness and he had mentioned a book called Forgive for Good, right? It's called Forgive for Good. I'll share the links online. It's a very good book. I started reading through it and one of the things that he says and the author says and I didn't realize this, this is like there's a center for forgiveness, research on forgiveness in Stanford. So his whole book is research based about forgiveness and how to incorporate forgiveness in our lives. Very interesting, all research based and but one of the things that he says is the inability to be able to forgive people is that we tell ourselves a grievance story. So somebody hurts us and then we tell ourselves a story about that. Yeah, he did this and she did that and he shouldn't have done that and she should have done this and so then now we keep that broken record, that story, we're in the car, we're thinking about it or we're talking and we tell ourselves that story and he says what happens is we latch on to that story and we kept telling ourselves over and over again and it's not the original thing that the person did to us that's hurting us. It's this story that we keep telling ourselves over and over and over again and it's hurting us and so we would be doing a favor to ourselves first and foremost to forgive people and he goes through a process and maybe next week we can go through some of those points about forgiveness but the reason I'm mentioning that is because part of the inability to forgive is the grievance story. So stories are very powerful, we tell ourselves stories all the time, we tell our kids stories, we tell our community stories, thank you so much. And society tells stories and that's now we're saying we're in an election year so everybody's telling stories, right? So the same guy who a few years ago supported the NYPD surveillance of Muslims, now he's trying to, I'm not even going to mention his name in the best, but he's trying to get the Muslim vote by saying oh I don't support the Muslim ban. So now he's telling us a story.  So we have to be very careful about the stories. In fact I wanted to start the series of the prohibitions of the tongue because we went through the book on the rights of parents. And the interesting thing is the first prohibition of the tongue that Muhammad Mollud mentions in his book is, beautifying what the sharia has made despicable or ugly and the opposite is true as well.  So as an example, the hijab, it's something that some Muslim women choose to wear, maybe some women are forced to wear, who knows what's going on in their lives, some women don't choose to wear it, but ultimately the hijab, is that a beautiful thing? And the sharia or is that an ugly? For even for people who don't choose it, is it a good thing? So if it's a good thing then we should be telling a good story about it. But in the news what is it portrayed as, especially in the Islamophobia machine, what are some of the stories or the catch phrases that they use to describe the hijab? Oppressive? Right? Oppressive of women. But they don't tell that same story when it comes to nuns wearing the same exact clothing. So what's going on? They're telling themselves a story that they'll accept the nuns is not oppressive clothing, but the hijab is, or a Muslim man wearing something to signify his Islam, a beard, a kufi, a thob or something, you know, they could say things about that. And on and on, even sharia, the sharia, right? The story's about sharia courts. An interesting thing that I found out recently, and this is good for us as Muslims to see how other religious communities are dealing with maintaining their religious identity in a time where so much is being done to push away people's religious identity in the cartoons, in the late night shows, in movies, in books, in speaker circuits. They're really trying to push away not just Islam, but just there's an agenda to remove religion from the life in our society. So when we look at other religious communities, we can see what have they done. Well, one community are the Methodists, and they have a book. It's called The Book of Discipline. Now that sounds pretty already. The title seems kind of like, you know, strong, right? The Book of Discipline. In The Book of Discipline, they have a sophisticated way that they have worked out that for the church to put clergy or congregant members on trial for things that they may have done or said that goes against the church's principles. And they have it all set up. It's in all in the book. This is how you choose the judge. This is how you choose the representatives, the lawyers. This is how you choose the jury. This is how you make objections. This is how you submit evidence. This is how you do this. Like a whole trial system. Well, what does that sound like? It's a court system, right? If the Muslims did that, same exact thing, and it's interesting because they have certain things listed out, and they say if a pastor supports this, this, or this, we're going to, we can actually get him out of the church, but we have to go through this trial process. If the Muslims set up the same exact thing, what would they say we're doing? Sharia courts. And all these people who are passing legislation against Sharia law. And so Sharia just means law. Jesus Christ had a law. That was his Sharia. Moses had a law. It was his Sharia. When a Jewish community chooses to eat kosher and follows all of the rules of kosher, they're following their Sharia. They're Sharia law. When the Methodists choose to set something up and say, we are going to protect the integrity of our church as we see it, and we're going to have the Book of Discipline, and we're going to set up our court system that's not part of the judicial system here, but it's something that, you know, they're not doing any implementation of punishments. It's just like you're no longer going to be part of the church if we find you guilty of such and such crimes. That is a crime to the church, not to, in the law of the land. Well, that's a Sharia court, right? But the story doesn't allow for Muslims to do the same thing. So one of the things that the Jewish people of Medina who did not accept the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam as a prophet, they knew him and they knew the description of him to the point that how does Allah say that about them, about their knowledge of the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam. You know him or they know him like their own children, their own children. So just like if you don't, you don't have a picture or anything of your child, but somebody says, describe your child.   The back of just their actual back. We can't see our backs. Our parents saw every part of us. We can describe our children down to a very, very detailed description of what they are. That's the way the scholars of Medina, the Jewish scholars of Medina, knew the Prophet sallallahu alaihi wa sallam. The other question is, why were they in Medina? Why was that sub-tribe of Bani Israel? They were related to the great prophets of Musa alaihi sallam and Haroon alaihi sallam and Ibrahim alaihi sallam and Ishaq alaihi sallam, Israel alaihi sallam, Yaqub's other name, Israel. What were they doing in the middle of the Arabian desert? For hundreds of years to where they had taken on the culture of Medina. They had Arab names. They had Arab poets. They participated in a lot of the Arab traditions, including the Jahlia wars. What were they doing in the middle of the Arabian Peninsula? They were waiting for the final prophet. But when he comes and he's not exactly what they wanted, now he's an Arab from Bani Ismail, from the children of Ismail, then some of them rejected him, some of them accepted him. And the ones who rejected him even though they know him in the scripture, they had to start telling another story because the story in their books, they knew where he would come, what he would look like, the description of his hair, the description of his actions, everything. One of the children of one of the scholars in Medina, he was looking through the Torah and he found two pages were stuck together. He was like, what's this? So he saw that they were glued together. His father had glued them together because when he opened it up, he found an exact description of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. So they knew him. But then they started covering it up with different stories and so forth. And so this is the ayah where Allah says in the Qur'an, Do not literally give libas in shroud or cloth. Do not clothe truth with falsehood.  So we have the truth, we have the reality. The Quraysh, actually the brother mentioned when I said, what did the Quraysh say about the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam? Long before they said that he was majnun or a sahid or a sorcerer or so forth, they knew him as al-ameen, a sadaq al-ameen, the truthful one. So that was the original story, the true story. And then they changed it. And so Allah is telling the Jewish scholars of Medina, don't do that about the Prophet. Well the principle that we get from this is that if we see something that's truth, we call it as it is. If we see something that's falsehood, we call it as it is, even if it means that we did something wrong. So how many times have we in front of our kids, our spouse, our parents, our friends, coworkers, we've done something wrong and we say, you know what, such and such is wrong.   What I did was wrong. So we can tell the true story. So let's not clothe the truth with falsehood while we know. And this can, you know, we can use this and so you see this in so many different ways, especially in the media. So if somebody goes out and kills 50 or 100 people, what do we call that? Mass murder. But when the U.S. Army drops a bomb on a country, on a hospital or a place in Iraq or Afghanistan and the same body count occurs, what do they call that? Collateral damage. Collateral damage is very, language is very, very powerful. So you go to anybody and you say, you know, when they say support our troops and, you know, thank you for your service and like, well, what if somebody had murdered some, no, no, no, no, no, no. They didn't murder people. That was collateral damage. So we can, we can tell our, we can tell ourselves stories and make us think about things in other ways. So we have to be very careful about the stories we tell ourselves, what we tell our society, what we allow our media to tell us. So I preface all of that to say, when we look at the legacy of Malcolm X. Why is it that we have a Martin Luther King day and the kids get off right from school? They're home. Martin Luther King day. And rightfully so. He did a lot for this country. So sure. Yes. Commemorate him. If they've commemorated other people in this country, people who have done good work, let them be commemorated. Why isn't there a Malcolm X day? There's Martin Luther King boulevards all over the place. All over the place. Where are the Malcolm X roads? Now recently, did anybody see in Turkey the road that the U.S. Embassy is on in Turkey? The Turkish people changed the road to call it Malcolm X boulevard. So now the U.S. Embassy in Turkey is called Malcolm X boulevard. I don't know if that's, that's, that's true if that was photoshopped, but the photos look, look true. Maybe somebody can look it up, see if it's actual, it's not a hoax or urban legend. But we don't have those, those stories and those reminders. So we have to do that. When we look at a person like Malcolm X and what he's done for Islam in America, we have to commemorate him. We have to commemorate what he did. We have to commemorate the sacrifice that he made that on this day, when he went to the Audubon ballroom, he knew there was a chance there were threats against his life. So he knew every time he went out and did a public speech, there was a chance that this could happen. Well, what did he do? He actually called up his wife who wasn't planning on being there and told her to come and bring the kids, his daughters. Now imagine, you know, the, the, how many times for us as parents that we, we, we shield our children from things. We shield our things from, from news. We shield our things, our children from, from, from seeing certain things. But he wasn't afraid and he wanted his family to be there with him at all times and see what he was doing and the, the message that he, that he, that he was teaching. So another, another point that comes to mind is that if you ask a lot of people who have either come back to Islam, started practicing their faith, and especially people who have become Muslim, and we've done this a lot at our organization, Tlaiba Foundation, and, Alhamdulillah, to date, we have served over 6,000 incarcerated Muslim men and women in the U.S. And in a lot, in a couple of the different courses and actually in some of the, some of the intro courses, we asked them to share, if they're willing to, their story on how they became Muslim. So many of them have become Muslim by reading the autobiography of Malcolm X. And in free society too, if you ask a lot of people who have become Muslim, it was either the major factor in their life to read his autobiography, or it was a very, very important, it's just typing children's book, Malcolm X, maybe somebody can give us the, the title. I bought it on Kindle. I think I have it, so maybe I can, I can look, but there's a children's book to where you can introduce his story. There's a lot of videos for kids to introduce the kids to his story. Of course, there's documentaries and books for us as adults that we're, to learn about his life, and to learn about where he came from and what made him. So what are some of the primary, the primary, you know, the primary influences, what's that? Malcolm Little. Okay, thank you. So his name was Malcolm, or the, the children's book is Malcolm Little. So that's a children's book you can read, you know, bedtime story, Malcolm Little. Put it right there on the shelf. You have the books, Stories of the Sahaba, and you have stories of Muslim heroes. And right there, Malcolm X, like let's make his name, a household name. We don't have to wait for the holiday. We don't have to wait for streets to be named after him. We don't have to name, wait for society to catch up and tell his story, as it is. Because a lot of people today, they actually, they look at him when they see Malcolm X, what's the story that comes into their mind? What's a word? Nation of Islam, what else? Hate, monger, radical, what else? What's that? Anarchist, militant? Our program at Theba Foundation, when we first started it, we had a couple of different programs. Now we're primarily focused on the incarcerated population. At the time we had a couple of different programs. And so to distinguish our prison program, we called it the Al-Hajmalik Shaba's Distance Learning Program. So that's what's printed on a lot of our early books. Some of the books are still in the prisons. We actually had a prison official who was criticizing our program. And he said, because some of the students were in prison were taking our program. And he said, these students are taking an Islamic course that teaches the militant ideology of Malcolm X. That's in an official file that somebody wrote, that somebody, and it was a book about studying about prayer and purification, bahara, how to do, we'll do. But the name of the program is Al-Hajmalik Shaba's Distance Learning Program. The reason why we call that is because we said we look to him as a role model and we want others to look to as a role model that society had seen him as a criminal. He came from, grew up in a very, very racist society to where his family had to move out of threats of the Ku Klux Klan, the KKK. That's a reality that they lived in poverty. And then he took on a life of crime, but in prison he reformed himself and then he became the man who he was. And how many lives did he touch? So we said, if he can make that change, we want other people, men and women, who are still in prison languishing in the dungeons of America who can see I have potential to be more than the stories of what people have said about me. And so we called it Al-Hajmalik Shaba's Distance Learning Program. And here's a person studying prayer and purification, but the story that the prison and that specific, it's not every, we have wardens that recommend our program to Muslims. Alhamdulillah the story is changing, but we had somebody say in an official file he is part of a militant Malcolm X ideology program. So that's the story they're telling. So we have to reshape the narrative. We have to take control of the narrative. We have to embrace and say when we tell our children the story, the heroes of Islam, especially recent history, Malcolm X's name needs to be right there at the top for us Muslims in America, because his name still resonates with people. People are coming to Islam because of his story. And then we can learn. And so many people have learned a lot about the realities of America. So how much do we know about racism?  I'm talking about the deep rooted historical racism that affects policies and legislations to this day. They just had a what was it in Mississippi? They had people who were part of was it the juvenile justice system, maybe juvenile system that are now in print or they're possibly going to prison for siphoning off money. It was either the welfare system or the juvenile system. There's judges who have been indicted now because of rather than putting youth into alternative programs, they divert them into the juvenile system. Because then once you institutionalize them, they go from the juvenile system to the prison system, they collect our taxpayer money, $30,000 to $80,000, half a million in medical facilities yearly. Our taxpayers as Californians we pay $500,000 per prisoner in the CMC medical facility up here. $80,000 on average and also up to a million if it's a supermax prison with higher security. We're paying for that. So the value of an individual in a prison system has a numerical number more than the labor that they can produce in the prison factories and so forth. So understanding the prison industrial complex Malcolm X's story is a great way to start to understand that his story in prison and understanding that racism as it exists in America so that we can also now work towards removing that not only from the societies but starting in our massage it starting in our homes. So I know it's nine o'clock we have to end so I just want to in commemorating him we don't have to you know we make dua for him and make dua for his children. His children who are still here I think there's a program there's a flyer over there you see the on that right next to Munir's office there's a program it's going to be an MCA one of his daughters is going to be speaking at that program so that's the other thing his daughters are still here they're still alive they're still working and writing and teaching so his legacy we're still is still living through his children and so so have our children learn about have ourselves learn about his story learn have our children bring his name into the home and really I'm talking about not just superficially no but look into after reading his biography look into and understand racism as it exists in this country from the from the remarks on the street all the way up to the policy and the legislation level understanding prison understanding the the the race structure in the in the us even in how we have allowed our societies to be segregated and so forth and so so not just telling his story but bringing the lessons that he stood for and that he lived for and that ultimately that he died for and use that as as as uh as you know not let his legacy just become forgotten just because the society certain aspects of the society have a story about him we will tell his story and we will make his story part of our lives and his story will become part of our story and our children's story and we ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to to forgive him and to forgive his wife uh and to enshroud them in his in mercy and to to to take care of his children and and all of those who have come to Islam through him and subhanallah two years ago i met the man the imam who is the imam of the masjid in new york that he set up and he said he made it he made a he made a comment and i still remember this was in new jersey at a conference he said we just celebrated our fiftieth year five zero as a jama'a a masjid which masjid in america can claim claim to that you know most masjid are young five ten fifteen twenty years as a jama'a they've been around for half a century that's a huge statement so uh we hope the one day that that will you know that mcc will have their fiftieth anniversary but i i believe that that his story has to be part of all of our stories for us to get to that point we ask Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala to give us the trophy and to follow in his footsteps and to grant us shahada in this life amen Ya Rabbi Al-Alami


I'm Rick. He calls the Instagram Twitter for more juicy content Thanks on patreon follows through to count subscribe if you haven't liked button And today we got a new Ronnie McGurgy who trailer that dropped she better not get dissed in the triangle of love This is a tire that March 17th Couple days after you turn 60. I think I think so. Yeah, 65 65 Yeah, and the day that you you look terrible for like all other days It's the day that you and all Irish people celebrate how Irish you are Does 17th. Yeah That was 18th. No, okay Me and my children will be drinking heavily absolutely, but this is called mrs Chatterjee versus Norway. All right, right? It's yeah Mrs. Chatterjee versus Norway Sounds about right. I don't know anything about it outside of it's Ronnie and so it's gonna be amazing.  Chatterjee's Children will be wars of the state to very our 18 years Oh my He has matters in a citizenship application Yeah It's our only country with no culture.  I'll fight there. Mr. Devika, do you want to do something? I'm a good mother. I don't know if I'm a bad mother. But I'm a mother. I'm a mother, sir. That was a damn good trailer. Flames on the side of my face. I would be dead because I would try to attack the people that were trying to take my children. Right before it said... I'm in flight or flight mode right now. Based on the true story, I thought, please don't tell me this is based on a true story. I figured it was because this is too... I don't even understand why they're taking the kids away. Did it say? It looks like they found a reason because they make money in the foster care system. And so she was a foreigner. So they can come up with reasons that are in contradiction to their culture to find a reason for them that they consider to be justifiable confiscation of the kids. I just don't even understand. Wow. Because obviously... If you're coming from America, there has to be a damn good reason to take the kids away from both parents. Like it has to be like an abuse situation. Or both are incarcerated. Yeah, it's got to be extreme. Extreme safety reasons. And then they don't go to the state. They will typically go to a family member. A relative. And stuff like that. In Norway, obviously, India is obviously involved in some way. Or maybe she's just Indian and she lives in Norway since she's not a citizen of Norway. No way, Norway. I can just tell you I am in fight-or-flight mode right now. And part of that's because of how well put together the trailer was. I can envision. And I think most dads probably do because you're natural protectors usually.   I wouldn't be able to stop myself. No, exactly. It's not even pre-thought. It's instinctual. You would just do what you do. You do not touch my children. You do not take my children, obviously. And obviously my kids are around the same age. Quite interested. It looks like it's going to be a ridiculously difficult watch. Nice to see Jim Sarban there. Yeah, it is. He's always... They put him as a lawyer or somebody in law a lot. Yeah. He conveys that. Yeah. And she looks amazing as always. This is really meaty. Yeah.  I know it. I don't even know if I should show this to Steph.  I can't guarantee if I show this to her. No. No. The entire time. It looks like she still has to pump for them. Obviously she would have to pump because if she's breastfeeding still, she has to get the milk out. But she probably has to breastfeed so they can send it to her breastfeeding child.   That's my guess is they don't care. They might do that but then she might be like this is her milk. When kids are in the NICU and mom is no longer in hospital, mom has to come and give milk to the NICU baby if she's breastfeeding. That's when the government allows you to do it. That's when people are normal. Norway is involved. In what year this was? It looked pretty modern. It looked relatively modern. Aside from the fact that we love Ronnie McCurgy and she's obviously looks like she's going to kill it. We love Jim Sarb. This is a really well put together trailer. The fact that this is a true story, I want to see how this ends. I want to know what happened. Hopefully it changed my hope. She gets her kids back and the laws in Norway changed so that they were never able to do that again and that a new law was set up because of the victory. That's my prayer. I didn't even understand what grounds they could do unless obviously she was abusive at some point but obviously it's different country, different laws. Oftentimes law has nothing to do with right or wrong. It just has to do with people's capacity to twist it in order to make money. Yeah. Wow. Fantastic trailer. Great job.  So thanks for that. Anyways, let us know what you thought about the trailer if you're excited for it. Let us know and what should be our next Ronnie McCurgy film besides this one down below.