Hello and welcome today to this 4I lab of and the process we are going to demonstrate for you is the rapid prototyping process. So, let me just comment a little bit about what this rapid prototyping process is and how it helps in augmenting the industry bringing into sort of micro features or micro parts. So, the rapid prototyping is about sectional printing of material it is also known as three dimensional printing the whole idea is that if there is any complex feature or shape as a CAD file which is available the system tries to section that particular CAD file into small elements and each element is being deposited by means of plastics which are typically two in kind one is either polycarbonate or ABS plastic and this particular machine has the capability of handling on the plastics either although in the current domain of technology there exist machines which also do the same with metals. So, they are called fusion deposition modeling or metal fusion deposition systems and they are used for non-strategic parts particularly things like let us say coat hooks or you know aesthetic furnitures etcetera made up of metals. So, the advantage behind 3D printing this area is also known as layered manufacturing because you are manufacturing layer by layer and the advantage behind such manufacturing processes is typically in terms of the saving of excess material that you otherwise incur in other contact machining processes where there is a lot of ways to which is generated in forms of chips or even in other forming processes or associated let us say casting processes which are primary manufacturing process there is always a tendency of formulating a layer which is eventually removed. So, in this particular application the layer deposition process the advantage is that such savings can happen in terms of obtaining a direct surface finish without performing any other machining process after this process has been done. There are several process there are several you know shapes and sizes which have been fabricated with rapid prototyping this right here shows a part of a horse saddle you can see this is a horse saddle. So, here for example, this actually is sort of you know the way that a person customizes his requirements for riding horses etcetera. So, everybody has a different physiological shape and therefore, it is needed that particularly something like a saddle should be able to customize to the particular user which is there. So, not only the process is highly economical in terms of material saving because you are just depositing rather than this a material buildup process or a I would say a surface machining process rather than a bulk process which is subtractive in nature. So, this material is an additive process, but apart from that the main advantage of this process is that you can highly customize the parts or the features to the taste of the customer and you can make very complex shapes which otherwise is not doable with these different machining techniques which are around and in a way what happens is that once your CAD file is designed irrespective of whatever is the complication which is involved I will just show you for example, what I mean by complication this is a crank sharp of an automotive. You can see the design and you can look into the kind of complexity which is involved in designing such process. Typically this is used in the automotive industry and the way you generate it with forming processes, but here you basically depositing and making a scaled prototype or a model through which you can probably formulate the next step which can be used for die manufacturing for that forming process to happen. So, one advantage of this kind of a process is because of the complexity of the shapes it can handle it can be used as a intermediary for some of the primary manufacturing processes also. So, in a nutshell what I am trying to say here is that there are lot of advantages associated with rapid prototyping one of them is of course, the high level of customization another is the ability to handle complex designs or parts. Third is a lot of material saving because it is a layered model and there is no secondary material which is wasted in the process and then this can formulate an intermediate process for final primary manufacturing processes like forming or casting where probably you have to do the mold development or you have to do the die making. So, some kind of a prototype is needed in order to envision and design such a system. So, having said that the question comes how this layered deposition model works. So, as I told you the first step is about making a CAD file and sectioning the CAD file into slices or pieces the slices could be close to about whatever the resolution of the equipment gives in this particular case and as I told you this machine handles two different equipments that is ABS as well as PC. So, for the ABS plastics the minimum size of a slice which is available here is 125 micron or 0.005 of an inch and the basic raw material for this process comes as a roll you can see this is a wire roll and this is what the basic raw material comes as and this wire is fed from a very small nozzle which actually is able to move in a x y plane with the information that it would have the coordinate position information which would have from the CAD file. So, supposing now there is a sectioned layer of such a complex part I showed you a part can be as complex as this. So, probably I have made a small section of this somewhere here and I am actually seeing what are the coordinates of that particular section and defining the tool path. So, the nozzle would actually move in that path and try to maneuver itself by dispensing this particular plastic here by heating it up to its melting point. So, the nozzle is typically heated at 300 degree Celsius in this case. So, that it melts the plastic and then the plastic flows across the nozzle and it is going and walking across a tool path which is generated into the overall feature size and it is depositing that layer of 125 micron.  So, next layer the information will again come from the CAD file on the basis of next slice which the CAD has originated on the basic file of the design of the drawing. So, here is very interesting technique let us look at the machine little bit let us actually open the system up. So, as you can see here there are two parts basically of the machine one is the controller part and also the material feeding part the roles are now currently in position and they are fed in the system and the controller here is actually indicating several different aspects like what is the support material what is the model and then there is a vacuum pressure and other pressures which are indicated. There is a small toggle switch here at the corner here opening which would generate toggle switch would be operational here as I showed you only when the machine initializes itself. So, there are several processes which are happening here after the controller has been switched on and one of them is basically to auto home or auto position the dispenser unit nozzle in the XYZ plane and also it does several checks and balances at the beginning. So, that the machine can be completely initialized for the next run. So, we will have to wait for a little bit until the cursor here comes to unlock door and at that point of time we can actually open the door you see the light has been on inside the chamber where the rapid prototyping can actually happen. So, the first stage of this machine would be related to setting up of this machine will go back on the computer and try to make a CAD package and try to mesh it in a particular manner with all these specifications where a file a machineable file can be created for this system and then this file would be transported in a soft manner into this system and the machine path etcetera would be predefined. So, all what we need to do is to transport that file and then set this machine on and forget about it. So, that the part can get manufactured inside this oven or the part containment which is there in the machine. So, we want to now do this auto home. So, we just need to enter for doing this command and you can actually see now inside if you have a look at it the stage is going up and there is a position of the nozzle with respect to the stage that is happening within this particular machine. So, that you can have a home position for the workpiece with respect to the nozzle within the machine system. So, it is still homing x y gantry and the z stage. So, if this process will take a little more time you can also actually see right on the top here is the dispensing nozzle which has come up and it is now trying to position in the x y direction once the z is defined by the workpiece and then it will be all about the way that the nozzle will be dispensed and the correct tool path would be mapped as per the CAD slice which would come inch by or you know few hundred microns by few hundred microns as you construct the part the final part. So, the controller here as you are seeing for the RP machine after the homing of the x y z has happened stage has happened shows a lot of options like build job operator control model status maintain and so on so forth. Each of these has a certain meaning and I will describe these along the way as we do the machining process. However, once we want to just actually first clear the stage with the existing whatever is lying inside from the last run and then basically try to prepare the stage for this particular run. So, what we are wanted to do is to sort of go into this operator control which is the second option here which I can use the cursor key to go and then enter on this operator control which takes me into another menu submenu which says unlock door load unload so on so forth. So, I am going to again enter because it is an unlock door option which is there and then it goes to another submenu where again there is a simple unlock door here and I am going to actually sort of start this and this enters or this actually is able to open the door we cannot leave the temperature on for a long time because this actually is the sheet the miler sheet which was from the last run I am going to remove this miler sheet and put our sheet here so that this becomes a new run actually of the process. The oven is actually getting heated up to about 119 degrees Celsius. So, it is a little risky to actually at this stage touch the sample surface, but you have to just ensure that the sheet that you are posting is actually at the very corner of this particular thing and there is a guide there which actually ensures that it is at the corner. Once it is done you can close the door back. So, that now things are in place and the next step that we want is to actually go back to the CAD software in the computer station and be able to process a particular file so that we can transport the file here in a soft manner and start and initialize the machining system. So, basically now as I told you in the last step demonstrated the machine we said that it is really about a CAD file and how you can slice it into different pieces which ultimately would define how the tool moves or the tool path would be defined in that manner. So, here in this particular workstation we would like to actually slice a CAD drawing into pieces that is number one. Number two there is a huge issue that supposing this is a part that we want to manufacture using RP. Now, we will have to somehow suspend it in a manner using supports so that the whole part can be fabricated and for doing that the question is that how the support should be kept in a minimalistic manner where later on that can be cleaved there can be a parting line from which the main object can be separated from the support and the support actually is the most hollow part with as less material as possible in comparison to the probably the object which is more solid in nature. So, therefore, there has to be a provision associated with the machine where how to handle the part by keeping it at a certain inclination or maybe keeping it parallel to the ground with some kind of an angle so that the whole part can be getting created and also about what are the dimensions how the CAD file which has been designed earlier as to be transported those I choose have to be sort of catered. So, today we are going to do the same so with our FDM Titan machine that I showed in the last illustration there are two different softwares which come with the system one of them is called inside and inside version 9.1 which is actually used to define the layering and also define the tool part. So, one issue is how to slice it into particular section another issue of course is how to define the tool part. So, both of this will be done in this manner and then there is another software which is called the control center 9.1 version which actually further illustrates how the object has to be placed in the overall miler sheet that had been shown in the last step and if there are parallel objects to be placed that how many objects would be there which at a single go of the machine would be able to build up the job etcetera and you have to optimize the layout in a manner so that as many independent components can be developed together that would typically give the yield of the process. So, if the components are higher in that manner the yield is also higher. So, that layout that layout of the final placement of the jobs in the XYZ state is given by the second software control center. So, we will do this later the first version of course is the inside where we import and scan and try to section. So, let us look at how we handle it this is the main screen of the software. So, we actually go to the file menu and in the file menu we actually can open up a file. So, here what I have done is in the interest of time I have actually made a CAD file earlier or borrowed it from some source and typically this CAD data has to be saved as a dot stl format for enablement of this inside version 9.1 software to be able to read it. So, therefore, the stl file has to be somehow opened using this inside software we open the we go into this desktop and then there is a folder which is there through a drop down menu and then there is a crank final position and there is a small part which is there you will see which we want to build using the system. So, we open this file and transport this back to the scale. So, it is not scale we have to scale it because there is typically a confinement volume which would be defined by the bed size of the stage. I think I had mentioned it earlier that the bed size in the case of FDM titan is about close to 16 inches times of 12 inches times of 14 inches. So, that is about the size of the biggest part that can be accommodated within this particular system and I also defined that the minimum layer size that this system is able to resolve is about 125 microns. So, having said this the parts appears to be in inches and so it cannot be accommodated within this and they are asking us to convert this stl into millimeter just for the sake of demonstration we are going to do that this time because it is going to be a micro part also it is going to give an illustration that how the micro systems can be fabricated using this particular method. So, we are going to select this model and the model automatically is now translated and opened in the inside version 9.1 software. Now, here there is a there are different aspects which we need to consider for varying the different dimensions. So, this is not a very convenient way of locating the object because naturally if you build the part like this there is a tendency of the object to fall down or something like that. So, we want to actually locate it in a manner so that it is more convenient and we can very easily separate it from the remaining portion and so I am going to actually make the front portion of the part here as the bottom. So, I am going to actually now see what is the bottom take this up and then take this cursor all the way to this portion. So, this comes on the bottom and the part topples. So, now you can see the part has toppled and it has lied down on a flat surface which is actually more appropriate for the purpose of doing RP or rapid prototyping. So, now there are these questions of what is the slice height etcetera lie for which I would like to set up this system. So, for slicing it the first thing we need to control here is actually to do the machine setup and you basically try to configure the modeler here in a manner. So, that you can define what is the layer thickness etcetera and what is the nozzle that you have to choose. We have to remember that there are about four nozzles in the system which has been delivered or specified for the manufacturer and they are classified as four different types starting from T 12, T 10, T 12, T 16 and T 20. Each of them has a different orifice diameter because ultimately if you slice height has to be more naturally the dispensing rate also has to be more for the tool to actually be able to carve the object out. So, if the nozzle is slightly higher in diameter in that case the dispensing would be faster and therefore it can go to a higher layer thickness. So, it all is defined by that layer thickness that how the nozzle selection etcetera to take place. Typically there are two different materials as I told you earlier that this equipment can handle one is polycarbonate another is ABS plastic. So, when you talking about ABS there are different layer thicknesses even which are available and there are all the nozzles including T 10, 12, 16 and 20 all the grades of the nozzles are being used in that category. In the case of polycarbonate system is a little less flexible. So, there are only two layer thicknesses which are able to get catered and one of them is about 0.01 of an inch and another is about 0.07 of an inch and there are only two different nozzle sizes which has to be used. So, in this particular drop down menu you can see there are different aspects given here the first is called the modular type. So, let us actually see there are different machines which the manufacturer has. So, typically ours is a FDM Titan T 1. So, we have to do this as a selection. Incidentally, this is also set as a default selection in the software. So, you need not worry about it you can keep that as the default value which the software takes the different materials again. So, in this case it is polycarbonate, but there are ABS materials there are you know variety of different even polycarbonates which are available. In this case we want to choose a simple polycarbonate PC. So, it is demarcated by PC. So, we are going to take this up. Now, my model automatically the model material color is defined as white in this case and then the question of support material comes.  So, most of it is an air and you can actually build by using layer by layer fabrication approach and the support is very critical because this is a wasted material later on you have to remove this material and the material would be removed as if it is a parting line and it is coming out of that. So, here in this particular case you can see the support material being defined by on the polycarbonate. So, the option that is being set up in the software is that if there is a PC part typically the support will also be of the PC. So, the PC support is defined here although you can change it probably by going into the you know the setup of the software, but at this time we want the material to be same. So, we are selecting PC support then if you want to really invert any build materials the answer we do not want to do the invert build material option So, the invert build of material option actually is particularly when there are more than one materials to be selected unfortunately our machine is not capable of handling this option or selection of multiple materials and particularly if you want to deposit something which is like you know a layer by layer of two different polymeric structures or maybe three different polymeric structures the option of invert would come in more handling. There is a slice height option which is kept here now you can see there are two different slice heights one is 0.007 of an inch and one is 0.01 of an inch which makes this about close to about two point about point about 250 microns and we want to select the lower the the thicker slice height because in the interest of time we want to complete this fabrication process earlier. So, we are going to build this slice 250 micron by 250 micron one layer would be 250 micron and that is how the whole slicing would be done in the inside package. So, it is essentially a slicer package of a CAD file that we are talking about and automatically if you see that if you select this 0.01 option automatically T 16 nozzle is selected which means that this would be able to handle and dispense the 250 micron layer. So, T 16 is probably a slightly thicker in diameter nozzle which is existing in this particular case. If you add selected 0.007 as given earlier here then you will automatically see that T 12 is being selected automatically that means the lower size orifice nozzle is selected in that particular case. So, it is very obvious that you know the software is quite friendly I had to laminably work in a manner so that it actually you know tailors all these systems finally we make it by pressing on this right button here. So, now you can see the text box which comes here on the top is mentioning FDM Titan T 1 slice height of 0.01 model of T 16 tip to be used a polycarbonate part and a polycarbonate support all these options have come here which shows that the machine has now accepted the various different options associated with this system. Now the question of slicing comes into picture and I would just like to illustrate a little more of how the component is placed so and the styling how the styling would be happening. So, you have different options here on the right side of this particular system you can see there is a part interior style and if I just click down on this drop down menu there are three different options namely solid normal sparse and sparse double dense. So, what it means essentially is there are two different options this machine has one is that it has a honeycomb layout structure which is sort of a lesser density structure and then there is a flat plate structure which is there. So, the tool may move in like a honeycomb manner tour may also move in like a layer by layer and the solid normal would mean that we want the bulk to be equally dense and it may be depositing layer by layer or maybe even the tool path even if it is like a honeycomb like structure would be so close to each other that they would be considered to be one whole. So, this is a denser spawn which is available there are different other options which are there namely sparse which would mean that this is typically sparse when you talk about supports etcetera where very less amount of material is deposited and the gap between the materials are very high. So, it is like a packet of cardboard a corrugated cardboard where there is a honeycomb kind structure and then there are two layers which are giving these toughness of the strength to the whole sheet. So, support can easily be done in that manner because support is not to be used for any future applications the support is only temporary sort of dismantable structure which is only because you want to support the object to its place to build it. So, you can actually in this particular case select the solid normal because it is a real part it is a crank we are selecting the densest and then you have a visible surface style. So, there are two different one is normal and another is enhanced. So, we will select the enhanced option here which meaning that the surface would be quite integrated and the surface would have very good topology there is a support style again the support style can be just basic support or a smart support. So, let me just illustrate what it means a little bit supposing there is a object like this and you want to place it on a certain angle in order for the r p system to build it layer by layer when it does it there is a question of support which comes into picture. So, one support can be just simply orthogonally placed like this another support can be at a certain angle which is able to still support the weight of this guy because you will have to calculate when the c g of this person or the c g of this particular object is within the periphery of the support. So, if supposing the c g is within that support then it will not topple and that is the basic idea that you do not want the part to be toppled while it is being made. So, you can skeletonize the support material in a manner so that it can do its job by at a certain angle also. So, this is called a smart support which we actually save the material. So, one option could be to just give a thick grill like this in a perpendicular manner another can be to go like this make a certain base size and then from there go at an angle and be able to support it. So, that the overall c g is still within that base material. So, this is the way that the support is designed I think you probably understand philosophically how the support would be able to manage and the idea is the support should be minimalistic as possible. So, in this case we will do the smart support. So, we will actually select the smart option here ok. So, the automatically the software will calculate that the support is not much of the material wasted and then of course, you have a system mode which again is in no fine system and the normal. So, we will select the fine option because the system has to do a good job in making the integrated surface quality of this part by depositions and we have kind of done at this level by setting up all the parameters for the slicing. So, let us look at how the slicing happens. So, if I press this option right here you can see that the system slice is available. You can actually go up and you know you can see each individual slice being made in the software. So, each slice has now a thickness of about 250 micron that is the beauty of this whole process ok. And what I would also like to illustrate here is that once this slicing is made you can actually also look at the independent slices by these options here on the left corner where you can go from the top end and then with the page up page down option you can actually keep on varying this and see what are the various layers which you have to deposit and in fact this also mentions what is the tool path to deposit that layer and finally you will see that the whole surface is being constructed based on that and then you can also do it simultaneously from the top surface as well and you can go up by doing the page up in a similar manner and that is how typically you get all the support. So, here again coming back to the same option I can just there is a option here with all slices shown together in a patch which will reinstate back the whole sample or the piece in the system and so therefore this is how tentatively you can look at the slice plot. So, when the slice plot is done and the question of defining the tool path comes into picture. So, the other option now we have once we have actually done the slicing we have to create a support system here there are certain holes etcetera which you are not able to see because of the intense slicing but you can see there are certain holes etcetera which has to be created and therefore there has to be a support within them where typically the density would vary etcetera and there can be easy cleavage. So, that the support can be later on taken off to create that hole in that particular dense structure. So, having said that let us actually go to this other option here which says support. So, create support for the current job. So, I am going to just press click on this and now the software is going to create supports here. So, here you can see that there are these yellow lines which are actually reflecting what are the support media which is there there are these supports which are made here the supports which are made on the periphery of the object ok something like this. So, you have built up the supports here and then finally we want to actually find out that within one such section what is the tool path which is getting created and the tool path is reflected by this green symbol which is actually reflecting the zigzag motion of the tool path within such a domain and I want to create the auto tool path. So, the software actually now tries to compute and create a layer by layer tool path. So, that you can easily look at by going to the various layers how the tool paths are varying and you can see that how the different layers have been the green actually represents the tool path. So, you can see that how the different layers are having a certain tool path defined where the nozzle would actually do the dispensing action and typically that is how the whole system is based on. So, this is typically the support structure as you can see it is much lesser in terms of the density of the material because it will be like a honeycomb kind of a structure the distance between the two dispensing points would be much more in that because this is something which is in any event going to be sacrificially removed and the material has to be as low dense as possible. So, that we can make lesser losses than is possible. So, therefore, this is how actually the whole system is made. So, let me just recall what all steps we did it we opened a CAD file in the dot stl available in the dot stl format then we tried to size it down to the volume of the box which is 16 times of 14 times of 16 inches cube in our system FDM Titan. After doing this fitment of the component within the volume of the box we did various options to it first of all we tried to define the material we wanted to define the slice height and the tip size these things were selected once that was selected then we are kind of ready with the next step which is the slicing option. So, we go to the slicer command or slicer menu and then slice it into this 250 microns you can see the slice plot coming out by going to the logo here in the top left corner which says from top to bottom you can actually look at various slices see if they are interfering with each other is there a problem in the toolpath etcetera in the in the slice etcetera and normally there is no such problem because the software is a highly error free slicer which has been developed and then you can also give the various material texturing or patterning by mentioning whether it is a solid normal or whether it is a sparse or sparse double dense and kind of a layout which automatically means that you know you may vary the densities of various zones making it corrugated in some places and uncorrugated if you need here in this case we wanted the whole model to be made out of a solid block with uniform strength all through. So, we have chosen the solid normal ok we also talk about the visible surface style and also the finish with which the machine would deposit and also give a support style which would save off the material remember we did the smart style in this case which would allow the material to be minimalistic for doing the supporting action of the component. So, once all these things are defined we then try to see the or give the support structure of the material and once the support structure is also defined then we do the toolpath. So, once the toolpath is planned as you saw that the material had a denser toolpath then the support structure which means that the support was much less material just only intended to support the material of which would be parted away later in a non useful material. Once this is done the file is complete we can save this file looking at the complete illustration here and save it and going to the save option here. So, when we save the current job it will automatically be saved off at the same place just this new folder the same location just beneath the file that was initially extracted as the dot stl file and. So, therefore we will just save this here of course there is some overwriting existing job in the same name we have to just do that overwriting here. So, that the job is now save as a dot cmb file which would be later on able to get extracted by the other version of the software which I actually told you at the beginning with this control center and this control center is a software which would now fire for particularly the job all the way to the tool. So, before starting this also I would just like to sort of do some settings in the internet protocol because this machine here the computer is connected to the FDN titan through a certain LAN protocol and this LAN protocol has to be initiated for this particular PC. So, what I am going to do is to actually go all the way to the network connections here open the network open network sharing center and then go all the way to the local area connection network here and then enable or disable certain properties. So, what I am going to do is to go into the properties here and select this internet protocol version 4 by virtue of which it is being set. So, we see the properties here you can see the machine is preset in the IP address <IP_ADDRESS> this is the IP address of the machine. So, this protocol has to be initially defined so that you can whatever you do in the CC the control center here would automatically be operated online or it will be sent online to the FDN titan and once we do or once we are through all this process we will again go back to the machine and see how this job which now got queued up in the machine server or the machines controller would be able to do the printing the 3D printing in the machine itself. So, here again the system is very easy we just insert the particular CMB file by opening the crank final which had been had done before. So, this is selecting this particular file. So, when we open it now you can see the crank final file has been placed exactly at the center stage of the FDN titan. So, you may decide to make several versions of this copy or put different parts together or layout you know in a conducive manner so that you know you have the whole area being exploited you remember every time the tool has to deposit it has to go back to its zero position or home position. So, it is a better idea to do parallel processing by parallely printing many parts together and so here the idea is to be able to sort of take this you know feature and make something where you can have multiple of these features together. So, you can actually make a copy of the same. So, you can make a copy and you can say that you want 3 copies you know. So, the same thing would be copied like this and then you can place it one by one you know if you want to do that way. So, that you have many of such items if you have multiple items in general I mean all the parts may be different parts also you can place like this and make an array. So, the purpose of this control center really is to make minimalistic effort on the part of the dispensing unit there within the FDN titan. So, that maximum printing can be done in the stage all together. So, it makes it from a serial to a parallel process essentially. So, once this is done I would just like to sort of remove you know some of the things that I had made I just want to print only one for the sake of clarity and you can actually rotate it inverted you can actually you know select this particular part here and you can rotate to any particular direction. I would just like to prefer the orthogonal direction here in the interest of the printing. So, that the tool path is saved for quite some time every time it positions back to the XYZ is a lot of work for the tool as well. So, once this is done I think I would just like to build the job and there is a build job menu which is here. So, the moment I click it the job is now almost ready and you can see probably that the job is in the queue already. So, you can see that there is a pack slash crank final admin which is actually been started at 15 0 2 hours on today's date that is 18 9 2014 and the estimated build time is given here to be about 47 minutes also what is important for us to look is that what is the machine loading at this time. So, you already saw the material confinement I am going to illustrate this again that there are these material canisters which are the initial raw materials those wires which you have to feed it. So, there is actually a calculation done by the machine itself which talks about how much amount of material is left here which is about 86 inches cube in the model canister and the support canister as a material of about 37 inches cube and the amount of model and the support materials which are needed are also mentioned here as 0.407 inches cube and 0.038 inches cube. So, typically you have to understand that these two which are needed should be lower than the material which is available. So, once this condition is met I think we are all set to do the machining operation which we will see in the next illustration. So, here now you know you can also in the software after looking at the cube you can look at the systems view which gives you an idea of the time you know this is going to take about 47 minutes. So, the position here really shows the start time it is about 210 right now in the day you know. So, you can actually get this so it is going to start at 210 and completed at about close to you know somewhere beyond 3 you know something like that. Now, because there is going to be a heating time there is going to be a cooling time the actual printing time is about 47 minutes, but there is going to be a pre-processing time which is needed for the controller to be set in. So, that the total time duration that the whole job would take is near about close to 340. So, it is about an hour from which the job would be finished. All these details can be described on this particular system is very helpful for the user so that he can actually process and plan how much time you know the machine will operate and when it needs to be done. So, once this is done I think I will just simply close this particular software and we are now machine able to go to the workstation. So, basically now you know I just like demonstrate what happens in the controller of the machine the sliced part has already come and it has been queued online to this machine here. If you just look into the controller the screen right here says build a job. So, there is an option called build job down here are a set of keys where there are different controls which are available. If you want to escape from a certain command you just press this escape button if you want to go into the command you just press enter button and then you can actually go up and down with these cursor arrows and then needful would be done in terms of parameter setting later on. So, we just enter the build job menu. So, once we do that you can see that they are talking about build next job and then they are saying crank final. So, this is the job which has been queued to the machine I am going to build this job now and the moment I press the menu key here you will see that first the stage would go all the way to the initial position and also there would be a setting of that dispenser nozzle to one corner which is the home position for the nozzle from where the printing would start to take place. So, I need to just do this build next job E crank final the moment I enter it now you know they are saying need all four canisters present. So, I you know the job can be done by two canisters because as you saw that the pc support material as well as the normal pc which was there was having volume wise much larger volume in comparison to the need which was there to develop this particular job. So, I just go to the continue option here and just bypass this. So, now you can see that inside the machine cabinet you have the auto positioning of the dispenser tip and then slowly the stage is coming up all the way to the point when the initial dispensing will start one thing which is very clear here is that the tip has gone to its home position and we had also defined our job in that particular pocket only so that there is not much motion of the dispenser to be made with respect to the stage. So, once it is all set up there is a option here which says demo bounding box. So, if you go back to this particular controller here you see there is an option which says demo bounding box all it means is that when I am going to press this demo bounding box it will show the domain within which the printing has to be done on the surface of the 3D printer. So, I am going to just select this particular operation here do the enter and you can see that there is a domain the tool path has gone inside. So, the domain which the tool path has gone inside the moment I enter demo on the you can see that there is a square domain which the tool dispenser is going this is kind of the domain where the workpiece printing would be actually done. So, now I just continue it. So, go to the next option and continue and enter it and now the whole auto calibration activity and the machine would be in automatic mode and the whole printing would start happening where there would be a dispensing and writing of the particular shape on a slice by slice on the mylar transparency film.


It's not me, it's you. This is all your fault. You did this to me. You are the source of all my heartache, all my loneliness, all my hopelessness. It's all your fault. And to make things even worse, you're the only one who can fix it.  I'm done. I'm done.


Micromediation is a promising technique for addressing global environmental issues caused by human activity. Fungi have the ability to degrade a wide range of pollutants, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, PAHs, and heavy metals. Further research is required to optimize the efficiency of micromediation processes. This article was authored by Stephen Oki Nudekpasi, Ifani Michael Smartenekwi, Immanuel Kweiner Teta, and others.


The title of this message will be called three types of deliverances Three types of deliverances. I want to share today that every person is delivered Some people are delivered to their enemy and some are delivered from their enemy But they're delivered in fact Before we see God delivering people from their enemies. We see many scriptural references of God delivering people to their enemies So everyone is going to be delivered We do have to choose the right deliverance Instead of being delivered to our enemy God wants to deliver us from our enemy And then one more deliverance is God wants to deliver the enemy to us That's pretty much my sermon. Let's just stand up and pray In Judges chapter 2 verses 11 12 13 and 14 Then the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord. I want you to mark this It wasn't the Gentiles. It wasn't people who did not know God. It was the children of Israel So this is referring to people who have a relationship with their God When the children of Israel, let's just say another word when the children of God did evil in the sight of the Lord and served the bales and They forsook the Lord their God the God of their fathers who brought them out of the land of Egypt And they followed other gods from among the gods of the people who were around them and they bowed down to them And they provoked the Lord to anger. They forsook the Lord and served Baal And other gods and verse 14 the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel. So he delivered them Into the hands of plunderers Who despoiled them and he sold them into the hands of their enemies all around So that they could no longer stand before their enemies and This is not the only time when the scripture tells that if we flip to chapter 6 of Judges Verse 1 the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord So the Lord delivered them into the hand of median for seven years We can see the same thing in 2nd Kings chapter 17 verse 20 where the Lord was rejected and then he Allowed the people to be afflicted and then he delivered them to plunderers It's all throughout the scripture where When the people of God Get complacent they go into compromise and From compromise they develop chains which become cycles It's pretty much how the book of judges and the whole nation of Israel is is the children of Israel become complacent compromise chain and then cycle and Then praise me to God because the children of Israel it doesn't end with a cycle. It ends with a cry It ends with desperation It ends with and the children of Israel cried out to the Lord and the children of Israel cried out to God and of course The God who delivered them into their enemies went in and start delivering them from their enemies when we offend God when we Betray God When we continuous them not talking about a moment of weakness I'm not talking about we fall trip as the righteous people I'm not talking about that when we abandon our relationship with the Lord and we consciously do things that are evil in his side We ignore our conscience We continuously serve Bales Bales have different names today There are different things today that we serve that we worship we constantly bow not before the Lord But look you see how when we use the phone we bow Act of worship We don't have Bales today. We have television sets We have football we have sports. We even have families We just have things that the bail which is simply a statue you can have a statue in your house But when you begin to worship that For example a lot of us have the core in our house, but you don't worship that the core So there are things in life we can enjoy and use but when we begin to worship those things when we begin to give Our affection to those things whether it's money whether it's work whether it's certain pleasures and they in return Don't just become things that we worship they become the things that captivate us They become that become the things that capture us they become the things that plunder us this possess us They become the things that hurt us and bring us pain and suffering and that is the word the scripture uses the Lord Delivers them into their hands and the hands of their enemies now when I studied that I was thinking well That's great. That's Old Testament, but does the Bible say anything similar of that in the New Testament and in Romans chapter 1 verse 24 in fact a little bit earlier verse 21 it says because they knew God Because although they knew God the word new God there is the same word that Adam knew his wife It's talking about an intimate experimental Experimental like when you experience if this is not just new about God these people knew God Intimately this is not talking about the world. This is talking about God's people Because they knew God, but I want you to notice that it didn't they knew indicates the past New indicates not consistent current right now New indicates it happened sometime maybe ten years ago five years ago that I had a relationship with God because they knew God They did not glorify him as God nor were thankful They became futile in their thoughts and their foolish hearts were darkened professing to be wise they became foolish and Changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the image made by corruptible man like birds and Four-footed animals and creeping things verse 24 watch this therefore God also gave them up To uncleanness in the lust of their hearts to dishonor their bodies among themselves Who exchange the truth of God for a lie and worshipped and serve the creature instead of the Creator who is blessed forever? Amen verse 26 repeats the same thing for this reason God gave them up to vile passions So first he gave them up to uncleanness secondly He gives them up to vile passions instead of ruling their passions now they are imprisoned with their passions Even the women exchange the natural use for what is against the nature. So this is talking about lesbianism verse 27 like was also men leaving the natural use of the women burned in their lust for one another and Men with men committing what is shameful and receiving in themselves the penalty of their error, which was due speaks of Homosexuality so for those of you who are like well, God doesn't talk about homosexuality. It's not in the Bible Bible tells us to love one another Let me just stop for a minute and tell you the difference between the culture and Christianity is one simple difference when it comes to Sexuality culture says love is God Bible says God is love. That's the difference We We submit our passions to the principles of God's word The culture has their passions as their principle Today it's men with men women with women tomorrow It's gonna be a man with a child and there's nothing you can do about that Why because when you make your passion your principle You're unstoppable It's gonna be best seed bestiality is gonna be legalized The insects is gonna be legalized and you may say well, that's wrong If you think it's not wrong for a man to sleep with the woman and call that love because we should give everyone their space Why should we stop a man who wants to live and sleep with their horse or the sheep? they love it if Love becomes God then love decides what's right. What's wrong as Christians We have a God who decides what's wrong and what's right and this God is love can somebody say amen Our passions are regulated by our principles our passions are not our principles The Bible says to guard your vessel Control your passions. We don't let our passions imprison and control us And so this is what the Bible says. This is not being hate hateful. This is not being homophobic This is not being disrespectful to the humanity of other people This is we just have two different gods at war one God is the creator of heaven and the earth who designed our bodies in a Particular way, and he says when you violate my creation, this is what happens He says you will receive penalty in your own body That's exactly what happens with homosexuality. There's a penalty right the way comes into their own body You cannot legislate that out of the system that God created it in you can make it legal It's still the body penalizes you Because that's what the scripture said I Understand I'm gonna lose some of you But I gotta stick with the word This is was written two thousand years ago Before this was normal before this was legal and before saying anything against it couldn't get me flagged on YouTube or on Facebook The scripture says God gave them up and verse 28 Even as they did not retain see this again retain meaning they knew God before Didn't retain they didn't upkeep they did not maintain the relationship with the Lord You can't live on yesterday's men that even though they did not retain God in their knowledge God gave them over to a debased mind to do things which are not fitting and So on so I want you how do you get delivered to the devil in In Romans chapter 1 we see pretty much very simple four things one is when you know God, but you don't worship him as God When you have a relationship with God, but have absolutely no reverence for God you know God But you don't have worship of God You don't have and you don't maintain a relationship with God now the beautiful part is that we have to only surrender The Lord is the one that maintains us. Amen It's this is not a we don't get saved by grace and then we live by work No, but we choose to stay Jesus says abide in the vine Yes, it's his it's of grace, but you still have a choice Because being in God's kingdom is not like being in cartel where you can't get out Or if you do you're gonna get shot There's still a choice. This is not a prison otherwise. It will not be of love The second way that we get delivered to the devil everything starts with this is when you know God But you don't treat him as God you don't have reverence for God It leads to all the rest of the three things the second one is this is when we begin to exchange the truth for a lie When you lose your worship, you will always lose your truth When you lose your reverence God's word no longer becomes the standard of truth It's what CNN says what Fox News says what the culture says what's popular what's trendy What can get you more likes and you begin to adjust your truth?  Everything is about image It's not the glory of God It's the image of man. What is Instagram? It's image It's all about the image the image I maintain the image I keep the image that I protect the everything becomes about the image So now I live my life not to know the glory and to live for his glory I live my life for influence and I live my life for images This Romans chapter 1 I always contributed to some of those bad people. I read it many times I found myself in every verse. I said I'm in danger of this To live for God's glory we have to Seek his glory like Moses show me your glory, but when we lose the side of God's glory We will never bring him glory and guess what happens. We will live for our image How is my photos? How is my appearance?  How do I compare with this and with that guy? It becomes about the image you exchange the glory for the image First we forsake our worship then we forsake our truth and then we forsake the glory and the third thing is this He says you profess to be wise when you're full meaning you still keep the pretence game You still keep pretending someone you are not meaning you still keep the mask you still keep the facade You still keep that what's happening on the outside so because you still don't want to you don't want to appeal as a person who lost their faith So you still keep the facade you profess, but no longer possess You become an actor a hypocrite meaning you're one and one said you're another person in real life What happens when that when you get when you and I get delivered to the devil? Three things we get delivered to we see in Romans chapter 1 Number one is we get delivered to uncleanness the scripture says here we get delivered to Uncleanness number two we get delivered to passions and number three we get delivered to the base to mind Uncleanness it's talking about our body Passions it's talking about our passions and three is talking about our mind And if I could summarize our culture today It's these three things they're in bondage of your body becomes your idol your passion becomes your prison and your mind becomes the control Scripture tells us we need to control our mind But when you're delivered to your enemy your mind controls you The scripture tells us we control our passions, but when you deliver to the enemy your passions imprison you The scripture tells us that with our body we worship God Our body came from dirt it will return to dirt, but the Lord will resurrect it one day and make it glorious But our body is not our idol, but in the world that we live in today that that is delivered to the enemy their body is Their idol it's about what the body wants and what the body craves So the first deliverance That we need to repent from That we need to run away from is deliverance Into the enemy deliverance to the enemy You may say but God would never allow us to be delivered The scripture clearly states in all the verses I've read it wasn't the devil that delivered us.  Do you still lose your salvation? I don't believe so Because Paul says in first Corinthians chapter 5 verse 5 He says I delivered such one to satan But the interesting part what he said there is that deliver such one to satan for destruction of his flesh That his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord As a child of God i'm talking about a born-again christian Who begins to trade his worship who begins to commit idolatry I believe God in his mercy delivers us to the enemy So that we can get whipped beaten plundered bruised beaten up broken heart We lose our mind We lose our freedom because that is all it's going to take for us to wake up and say god Help me Because one thing the sin makes us this makes us heart callous. It makes our heart proud It makes our heart hard and nothing breaks the heart when life falls apart Yes, it's painful.  They're delivered into captivity.  I don't want to manifest you can't get delivered Oh, but I don't what do people will think you have to choose do you want people's opinions or your freedom? God says if you're in drought if pestilence is eating you he says humble yourself When you get rid of your pride when you get rid of your ego when you get rid of your self entitlement When you get rid of what will they think about me? God says you're ready for deliverance humble yourself But I don't want to tell that person that I'm struggling with that. What will they think? What if I lose my job humble yourself if you want to be free?  I felt like God gave me up Humble yourself and begin to pray set your clock early and begin to seek the Lord's face Why there is power in prayer?  I will deliver you if my people humble themselves and pray Oh, but I love this and not just pray but seek my face You were seeking the face of your boss. You were seeking the approval of your wife You were seeking the approval of your ex-boyfriend You were seeking the approval of the culture but God says seek the pleasantness of my face seek the smile on my face seek my face And then God says begin to turn away from your sin Meaning the sins that you can turn away from but God I need you to deliver me No, no, no my friend. You can cancel that relationship. You can cancel that subscription You can unplug that TV.  I won't fight you back. I won't revenge.  I will heal your land I'll begin to heal your life. It might not happen overnight. It might not happen in one week But God says i'm gonna start restoring the very things the locus has eaten the pestilence has eaten Homosexuality has eaten your anger has eaten your drunkenness has eaten Maybe your judgmentalism has eaten.  Give us this day our daily bread Lead us not into temptation and then this is this and deliver us from evil one That means it's possible to call him your father And be needing deliverance It's possible to be my people But prayerless proud and living compromise life But then pestilence eats things up Maybe it's in the mind because God gave that up Maybe it's the passions that are ruining you because God gave you up to it Maybe it's your body that is causing you pain because you're drawing identity from it Because God gave you up to it and now you're seeing God. I humble myself. God. I pray God.   It's interesting God didn't deliver Joshua from their enemy in the promised land He delivered the enemy to Joshua pre-packaged amazon prime Right at the front door God packaged the whole thing and God says i've given you authority.  Give it dominion Hallelujah Romans chapter 16 verse 20 it says god of peace will soon cross satan under your feet The bible doesn't say god of peace will remove satan.  He said rise Pick up your mat and walk He didn't say just rise up and run. He says that thing that carried you I give you power to carry it that thing that kept you that thing you relied on That thing which was your bed that thing which was your crutches That thing which you always went to as a source of comfort. Jesus says i am healing you from that I am delivering you from that but not only that i'm giving that to you Carry that thing with pride as a testimony that i am not who i used to be This is not who i am jesus christ the son of the living god through his spirit by his blood as delivered me And not only that he restored me to my original position when god blessed adam and eve He says be fruitful and multiply fill the earth and subdue it and have dominion God is in a business of restoring men to that original position The lord is not just interested To deliver us from our enemies when we cry out when we humble ourselves seek his face and turn away from our sin The lord is in the business of the living out delivering our enemy to us. Maybe it's insecurity. Maybe it's fear Maybe it's nightmares Maybe it's the spirit of unforgiveness That you were delivered from But it seems not leaving your front porch What if i am to tell you That god sent it What if i am to tell you To stop asking god to deliver you from it if it's in the front porch and say lord, thank you i'm above this Thank you. This is under my feet Thank you lord. These thoughts are being subject to christ right now Thank you lord. I'm putting this nightmare under the blood of jesus It's not coming back and if it is coming back It knows where it will go the next morning It will go under the blood until it would lose its power over my life Listen god will deliver you from some enemies But there will be enemies god will send to you for you to have authority over Have authority over them walk in dominion during this season walk in your power during this time


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we are going to discuss similar triangles and slopes. In this session we will discuss with the help of similar triangles that slope is same between any two distinct points on a non-vertical line in the coordinate plane. Let us recall that two triangles are similar when they have same shape but size varies. Or we can say that corresponding sides are proportional and corresponding angles are same. Also if we have two distinct points X1, Y1 and X2, Y2 on a straight line in coordinate plane then slope of line is given by change in Y upon change in X which is equal to change in Y is given by Y2 minus Y1 upon change in X that is X2 minus X1. So slope is equal to Y2 minus Y1 upon X2 minus X1 and we should note that slope can be positive or negative. Now let us see the following graph. We have a non-vertical straight line. Now let us consider a few points on this line. That is minus 1 minus 5, 1 minus 1 and 4 5. Now if we draw a horizontal line from 1 minus 1 a vertical line from 4 5 we see they form a right angle triangle at the point where they meet. Similarly when we draw a horizontal line from minus 1 minus 5 a vertical line from 1 minus 1 they also form a right angle triangle at the point where they meet. Now we name the two triangles as A, B, C and C, P, R and we can see that both triangles have same shape that different size so the two triangles are similar to each other. So we can say that triangle A, B, C and triangle C, P, R are similar triangles. Now let us find the slope. Let us consider the points minus 1 minus 5 and 1 minus 1 and we know that slope is given by change in y upon change in x and change in y will be given by minus 1 minus of minus 5 upon change in x which is equal to 1 minus of minus 1 and this is equal to minus 1 plus 5 that is 4 upon 1 plus 1 that is 2 so we have slope as 2. If we take the points 1 minus 1 and 4 5 will be equal to change in y that is 5 minus of minus 1 upon change in x that is 4 minus 1 so we will get 5 plus 1 that is 6 upon 4 minus 1 that is 3 so slope is equal to 2 and hence we have seen that slope of a line is same then we take any two pairs of distinct points on the same straight line. Now we will discuss relationship between similar triangles and slope. Now here for the larger triangle that is C, P, R let us find the ratio of its vertical side to the horizontal side will be given by the vertical side R, P is equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 that is 6 units and the horizontal side C, P is given by 1, 2 and 3 that is 3 units so we have vertical side as 6 units and the horizontal side as 3 units so we get the ratio as 2 similarly for smaller triangle that is triangle ABC the ratio of vertical side to the horizontal side will be given by now the vertical side C, B is equal to 1, 2, 3 and 4 that is 4 units and the horizontal side AB is equal to 1 and 2 that is 2 units therefore we get vertical side that is 4 units by horizontal side that is 2 units so we get the ratio as 2 and we have also calculated the slope of the line as 2 and thus we notice that the ratio of sides of each similar triangle is equivalent to the slope and if the slope is negative then the ratio will be equivalent to the absolute value of the slope for example if slope is equal to minus 2 then its absolute value will be given by modulus of minus 2 which is equal to 2 then the ratio of sides of each similar triangle is equal to the absolute value because ratio of length of sides is never negative thus we can say that the relationship between similar triangles and slope is given by the simplified ratio of the vertical side length to the horizontal side length of each similar triangle formed by the slope of the line is equivalent to the absolute value of the slope so in this session we have learnt about the relationship between similar triangles and slope of a line this completes our session hope you enjoyed this session


The Bagley boys hoping for better fortunes tonight as they hosted Thief River Falls. In the first half, Bagley down four, Justice Burteck driving hard, tosses up the floater that falls, flyers down two at the half. In the second, Bagley starting to get hot from outside. James Vezda spots up the triple, gives Bagley a one-point lead. Next possession, it's Alec Norum's turn from behind the arc. Splashes down as they retake the lead back and forth throughout, but the prowlers end the game strong, storm manning from downtown. Thief River Falls comes away with the 49-40 win. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


I'm close to family now, so, you know, my little nephew can come to all the games practices. There's lots of them, but I would say one of the ones I remember the most is going to the full training camp with the Falcons and the Swanee, and we would just get a bunch of McDonald's, McFlurries, and go out there and watch, watch ball. Probably play golf. You don't have to get hit as much, and you make just as much money. My favorite I have right now is probably the One High's Unions. I don't know, that's probably my favorite. A celebratory beer for our win. There we go.


Zodd y Cyffrthuanrwch Ffrogram is a gymhagjol sawl fynd i'w cyfraffwch. So rydych chi'n cael ei chyffrwch ar gyfer Clotein Llywos. Gallwch chi'n bwysig i'ch 10 yma, fel mae'n cyfrwch yn 2014 yn ystafiliol mae angen i'r ddisgrifus eu pethau i pam Llywos wedi flynyddoch i'r meddwl sy'n cyffrwch cyfroffch ar gyfer Llywos ac mae'r cwmhysbethau sydd yn gofyn o'r gwleidio. Mae'r ffordd yn bwysig o'r ddweud o'r hwnnw ddweud o'r gwrthod, oedd ymdweud yn gwybodaeth o'r modd south o'r ymdweud. Mae ymdweud hon yn cyfwilio ac mae'n cydweithio gwybod o'r gwrthod o'r ymdweud, rwy'n gwybod o'r cydweithio'r cydweithio, are people are working papers and technical notes, academic papers, blogs, and policy notes. Also an important component of the work is the delivery of training events and training retreats locally within our partner countries. The aims of these retreats and training courses wedi rhoi gweld fawr yma o'r program ystyried am gwybodol a'r modelau ar ymgyrchidogaeth a'r mynedd. Felly gweld â'r modelau yw yn ymgyrchidogaeth, ar gyflwystech, a i'r cyfansio'r cyfansio a'r cyfansio'r cyffan yw ar hynod o'r cyflwystaeth wedi amgyrchidogaeth a'r cyfansio ar y mynedd a'r cyfansio ac yn ymgyrchodau. Gwyddo am y gwybod, mae'r gweithio'r hwn o'r gweithio'r gweithio'r hwn. Mae'n hoffi'r cyfnod o'r gweithio'r gweithio'r modl a'r gweithio'r modl yw i gydag'r cyfnodol ar gyfer y tacksydd o'r grifithau sydd o'r gweithio'r gweithio ar fynd. As part of this research retreat, we, as a team, have worked with the local experts and the participants to design these policy reforms and then to empirically test the impact of these potential reforms, both in terms of government expenditures or revenues, but also in terms of poverty and inequality. The outputs of some of these research retreats have been some policy notes, and the presentations you'll hear today relate to these policy notes that have been produced. So I'm very pleased to welcome our presenters today. So from the Vietnam team, I'm pleased to present Tran Minh Minh. Minh is the Deputy Director of the Department for Sectoral and Industrial Policy Studies at a Central Institute for Education. At the Central Institute for Economic Management, the Ministry of Planning and Investment in Vietnam. From Tanzania, Vincent Learo. Vincent is a senior lecturer in the Department of Economics at the University of Darae Salaam in Tanzania. He is also an external research fellow at the Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade at the University of Nottingham. Representing the Zambian team, we have Miselo Boalia. Miselo is a research fellow at the Zambian Institute for Policy Analysis and Research, or ZIPAR. From Ghana, we have Prince Bar. Prince is a research affiliate of the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research at the University of Ghana. We also have a participant who has not been able to join us in person today, but who has provided a pre-recorded video. This individual is Fenorio Castigo, who is part of the Mozambique team. Fenorio is a research specialist at the Ministry of Economy and Finance of Mozambique. I'm also pleased to welcome our discussant today, Yese Lastunan. Yese is a research associate here at UNU Wider, where his work focuses on tax benefit micro-simulation models, and he plays a central role in the self-program. So, with that, I'd like to welcome our first presenter, Min. Come and take the stage. Thank you very much, David, for the introductions and the opening remarks. First of all, I would like to say some few words about thank you for the wider and for organising this conference, and also inviting me for presenting here the case of Vietnam. So, because of time constraints, I will betray my best to be certain. So, first, David, have to say something about the SouthMorth programme. So, you know that this is like the joint collaborations between the EuroMorth team, the SouthSpray, and the country from Africa and Asia, where Vietnam is presenting. And Vietnam was also a choice in the first phase, and we collaborated with a lot of Chinese developing the model, maintaining the models, and also further improved the model. Just by now, we have the different versions of VNMorth, which also enable us to incorporate in the policy formulations. And we will tell to the government how the policy reform influenced the poverty, the inequality, tax increase in the progressivity or the revenues for the public. And we also further improved the VNMorth by having some of the policy note and also some of the forthcoming extension, which I will present later. So, for the first policy note, we try to assimilate the cash transfer for supporting the self-employed women in Vietnam. So, for this topic, from literatures, we know that the women face a lot of obstacles. So, for example, they have more responsibility to take care of the children. They have lower assets to credit, or they are being discriminated by the social and the country norms. They also have a low technical skills, or they have limited business network. So, we use data from the Vietnam House Living Standards Survey, which is every two years we did the surveys in 2002. That the self-employed women so account for very large share of the total self-employed. About 66% in 2020, but the positive earnings was only accounted for 30%. So, you can see on the slide here the average income of the self-employed women, which is lower than the main. In terms of both the region, the location where they do the business, or the poverty status. So, also from the literatures, we know that there have been some policy that is being implemented for the female entrepreneur. And mostly it is support for the education and training. But there has not yet been available any social cash transfer targeted to self-employed women. So, we make some agreement for the government to have some kind of cash transfer as the alternative policy to support the target group. And we try to simulate three hypothetical reforms. So, the first one is we provide all the cash transfer, the same amount for all self-employed women in the sample. And the second scenario is we basically distinguish between the poor and the non-poor. And we provide more for the poor and less for the non-poor. And the third scenario is that we base on the locations where they stay. So, we provide more for the rural and the remote area and less for those living in the urban area. So, by using DVN mode, we have the outcomes as you can see on the slides. So, the first column is the baseline. So, that means the existing one. And the last three columns is the three reform scenarios. So, where we can see that after the simulating, the average income of self-employed women is increasing. So, that we can have that kind for them to supplement for the capital, the working capital or also want to leave them out of poverty. And we also see that the disparity between groups like the poor and the non-poor and the men and the women and also the location where they stay, the rural and the urban is also decreased. So, here you can see some of the figures. So, by that, we make some recommendations to the government on the policy can be designed with some of the conditions. So, for example, like providing some share of the, a certain shares of the business to be invested in their own business or either to be linked with other existing policy for changing to female entrepreneurs. For the second one, we try to simulate the conditional cash transfer for promoting the participation rate of ethnic minority children. So, also from the literature, we do some literature reviews and we found out that there has been substantial disparity between the children, the educational set of children, ethnic minority children and the normal children. We call it the vegetarian. So, because the ethnic minority, they have some barrier. They have low awareness of education because of their geographical remote because of their civil weather, the poverty or the language barrier so that they fail to recognize the benefit of the education. So, how can we, how we can finance for such initiative? So, we make some hypothetical reforms of rearranging the personal income tax for both of the tax bracket and the rate. So, you can see here we have the baseline scenario which is the existing scheme for the personal income tax and here is the reform scenario where we reduce the tax bracket and we increase the tax rate so that we have some expectation on having more fun for financing the scheme. Also similar to the previous policy note, we also classify into three policy reforms. One is the normal one for apply for all children, ethnic minority children at the age from 10 to 15 and the conditional is that they only provided the cash support if they go to school. So, we provide, so in order to increase enrollment rate, the participation rate as well as to enhance the transfer. So, we also just provide the difference between the poor ethnic minority and the non-poor and also the rural urban characteristic. So, from three scenarios we found out that the second scenario seemed to be the most effective and the national poverty rate will be reduced by 0 by 39 percentage point and the kidney of inequality also reduced by 0.20, 21. So, we make some, also some policy recommendations for the government should be like the tax increase on, adjusting the tax increase on high income so that to fund for education support and I think that this is also quite relevant for justification for if there is an policy adjustment. And for some forthcoming extensions, we are working with Dr Antonin and Jesse about some of the COVID-related benefits in 2020 and also some other projects that we try to extend the application of VN mode on developing the feasibility, feasible investment strategy for excite tax on tobacco so that we can do, we can have some fund for sustainable development goals. So, here is some of the possible channel that we can have if we adjust excite tax on tobacco. So, for example, like SDG123 which is the focus for the poor and the young generations on the gender equality if we can empower the women or we reduce some side effects of the use of tobacco or we have some more income for the family and we also touch upon some of the SDG on environment where we can reduce the GHG productions. Yes, I will skip that for and about the COVID related benefit. So, this will be published and in this study we try to estimate the adverse effect of the pandemic for the lowest income quartile. So, they are the poorest and they got the benefit from the government. So, by using VN mode we found that the earning reduced the earning of such group when reduced by 1.5% on average but because they got the benefit they got the policy reforms. So, the change in the disposable income was positive. So, you can see that here that because the COVID related benefit in the black one and the disposable income is here. So, it can be offset by some of the policy reforms. So, in the future we are going to expand more the VN mode to the previous topic that we mentioned and we also want to further improve the VN mode to capture more multidimensional poverty or some sustainable aspect. So, that's my presentation. Thank you very much.


So here's the Huawei Mate 8. This is the fastest smartphone in the world with the ARM Cortex-A72 Octa-Core. This is the latest design from ARM. It's the first smartphone to have this super fast Octa-Core CPU, quad-A72 with a quad-A53. And the first thing I would do, I would take it out of China and I would install the Google Play. Even though it's for sale in China, you can just go in the App Store, you can download all the Google Apps, then it just works anywhere with all the Google stuff. And there's EMUI, EMUI 4. So it looks smooth and the screen looks nice. And right there, it's a new 2.5D deco with the display. So EMUI is okay, but the first thing I would do is I would change the launcher. I would just install the Google Mail. So then you have Google-style UI. And here we have the last version of Android 6.0, so it's Marshmallow. This is a 3GB version. So for $470, you get a 3GB version. And for $570, you get 4GB RAM with also 64GB, so double the RAM, not double the RAM, but 4GB RAM, 64GB double the flash compared to the Nexus. Around the same price as the Nexus, you get also dual, maybe double the performance in the CPU. The ARM Cortex-A72, and a 6-inch, slightly bigger, 4,000 million battery, and with this nice finger touch on the back, this is Huawei invented this part, smoother, nicer. Now it's part of default for Android, basically it's part of the design for Nexus. Everybody has a finger in the back, and also a very shortcut, very fast, if I double click on this one, I take a picture, like in one second, 1.3 seconds, it takes a picture from off mode, basically, has a new ARM Cortex-M7 for the sensor hub. So it has like always on sensor, I think, maybe you can even like say OK Huawei or something to like just wake it up from any state that it might be in, there's Huawei apps. So now the question is, is Huawei going to make fast enough, are they going to make to satisfy the demand? So if they make a million, or if they make 2 million every week, or every month, or something like that, if they sell it at a nice price, they might consider even maybe lowering slightly, I'm pretty sure they will sell everything. It has dual SIM card slots, twice the amount of SIM cards, you can use a microSD on this one also, but if you use a microSD, it's only one SIM card slot. The one SIM card slot is a microSD slot, so you have to choose. And very long battery life. And I think maybe I have to check, but I think it's the same optics as the Nexus, so is the last Sony sensor right here, and the different four different colors. So there it is, the Huawei Mate 8, and now it's available in China, and so just come to China, and you can buy one, but wait a few weeks, and you'll buy it everywhere in every country, the Mate 8 with the Kirin 915, really interesting, with Mali T880.


So, I was asked to talk about my experiences of 921st Caden, and he met a very good Berkeley, and that would be a very severe loss. Probably the students were similar. So these are such an interesting thing to be building. And I've always been really great with my biggest persuaded me to stop doing that, and to start doing that, which is much more fun because you're in the outside world, and you can translate behavior pretty easily in what's happening. Well, so we worked on the holidays. And one of the fires he worked on was a restlessness. And if you go into too many woods or arts or anywhere, you can see these things hanging in the air. And every now and then, they make a dance, but hopefully an eight, and very rarely is an eight, so then they come back to the same place. This is a kind of chase. So there it starts, and then it goes very fast, and it goes very slow. So, one thing we wanted about was, that the same place. So we found that. So here's a whole function is chasing and these are the operating points here. And this is the length of the excursion. And there's no relationship between the length of the excursion and how accurate. The same place. So that made us wonder where there's some visual information that they might be picking up around the inside. And we tested that by using a large board that we placed relatively close to where these fires were found. And then we move the board away. And if you look at this you can see the trajectory. So the board is moving during this possible trajectory. And it goes away. That's an useless chase. And then it comes back. The position relative to the board you choose is then is as a similar distance to the machine where the board was here. And this shows it more clearly. You can see that that distance is more it's the same. So we suppose that what happens is that they have learned the size of this board and then they fly back until the image of the board sometimes the same angle that it did when they left. And there are many experiments that we could do to test this more. Finally, but that's as far as we thought. So the next question we had with advice with their status was about their chase itself. How does it control its pursuit of potential bears? And for that we use fish eaters. So the target is a few shots of the fish in there. And here you can see what the fly is doing. So it's not trying to trap because it's going beyond. And this would be if you simulated a tracking course. We could get some experimental evidence for this supposition. So I put in a key at the end of the legs of cotton. And then when the key was shot close to the right, the key stops here. And one is where the fly starts its interception course. This region, there's no visual information at all. And it doesn't start to miss the lack of visual intervention on the right there. So that seems to be reasonable evidence. And so we then looked at a different subject. And we made a sort of ecosystem. There were flowers, and there were flies, and they lived happily in there. And I just thought we could report what we did in this uninterrupted situation. So this is an example of a fly just flying around. And what is really nice is if you look at this bit, you can see that it maintains the same orientation sideways or to do that backwards. And that means that the world itself is stationary on its retina. And it can easily pick up any small target that there is. So all of a sudden, a lot from this precision kind of sideways backwards forwards, upside down the plane. And Mike then went on to look at the eye and he found that the male eyes are very much better. Let's see. And you can see that here. The degree is on a male. Whereas 10 degrees on a female is on that. And they make the males make good use of this additional ability when they interact with humans. So. Here's a male. The question is what it wants to be. And you can see that it is he celebrates and then that was one of the flowers. But if it spots a female, then it does the reverse. So here it's accelerating.  Well, we had a lot of fun doing this about business.  Things were very relaxed. Mike thought the four o'clock is about time to stop doing science and that he could go home and do the other things that he really liked. I mean, the university back was not stressful. It's not a few instructors said what one should do. Oh, back. The university. The long term financial planning by the government. Again, especially now the circle. We're cutting the ultimate percentage of the budget is invisible. but from the young level, you've got the people who don't need fans very cheap. And a year or so later, such as the search trucks, spent the cash that they asked people to pay and paid with their seats. I mean, like with the camera, where he made lots of other visual scientists, but Simon and that area, we're wearing the device, they've eaten better than we should be. We've eaten better than we should be. So there's a lot of time for other comments and we're all looking for something.


Hello, everyone. I'm Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. StudySoulsalesforce.com is my website or video library to learn Salesforce. In this video, I'm going to demonstrate how you can apply child to parent SOQL on a standard look of field. So this is the scenario that I'm going to implement. So I will be querying context created last week. And if phone is not populated on contact, then I need to copy phone number of related account. So I will be applying query on context and through that query, I will be fetching phone field of related account. So that's why it will be child to parent SOQL. And if I take you to the org and if I go to object manager, open contact object. So in fields and relationship, you can see this look up to account is standard field. So in this video, the child to parent SOQL, we are applying on this standard look of field, right? So you just need to focus on this field name, right? So you need to use this field name, right? So with this API, you can attach particular field using dot. So let's say I need to fetch account phone number. So I will be writing account dot phone, right? So I'm focusing on this standard of field because if you have custom look of field, then in that case, you need to add underscore underscore R as well. So that I will be demonstrating demonstrating in my another video. So in this video, we are just focusing on the child to parent SOQL where look up field is standard. So moving to developer console. So let me show you how we can write SOQL first. So contact ID, first name, phone, then account dot phone. So here you can see I used account then dot phone. So account is the field name, which is available here in this look of field. And this phone is the account of field that I'm fetching. And then from contact where account ID not equals to null. So I'm clicking on execute. So here you can see ID, first name and phone. These are fields fetched from contact and account dot phone. This is the value which is available in the related account. Those are related to particular contact. Now we need to check if on contact a phone is not populated. So here you can see three contacts are there where phone field is not populated. So I will be copying this account phone in these three fields. Right. So I need to implement code in such a way so that existing values won't modify. Only those contacts phone field should be modified where already phone value is not available. So I will be using this SOQL. So I'm copying this. Now here I am creating a list of contact. And here I'm pasting this. And to make it more readable, I'm breaking it into different lines. So now I need to check whether it is empty or not. So I'm using this method. So I used not con list dot empty dot is empty. So if it is true, this complete condition, it means list is not empty. So I can apply conditions accordingly. So I need to apply a loop inside this loop. I need to check this con instance. So if con dot phone not equals to null, sorry, equals to null. If it is null, not having any value. So you can write con dot phone equals to con dot account dot phone. So through this con, you need to go to account and then phone because we already query this here. So this way wherever in contact phone field is blank, in that phone field, related accounts phone will be populated. Let's check why this error is coming. So expecting curly base but was if okay. So I need to implement it in matter. So I just forgot that public static void. Copy account phone to contact. And I'm moving this whole code inside this method. Right now after completion of this, if I again need to check on list. If it is not empty, then update con list. So this way you can apply child to parent s oql wherever your lookup is standard. If you have custom lookup fields, so in that case we need to modify this s oql. So that I will be demonstrating in my another video where I will be having another use case where custom object and custom lookup field will be there. So I'm saving this code. So copying this method name, pasting it here and clicking on execute. Now, I'm going to run that s oql again, so that we can check whether those three records are filled or not with their phone values. Here you can see our field and they are having same value which are available in account form. And rest of the context phone is as is. So this way, with the help of this code, I hope you understood how we can apply child to parent s oql where all the objects are standard and lookup field is also standard. So with this way you are able to understand like how to query data and how we can iterate that so that we can update the information. So thank you for watching this video watch another video so that you can learn how we can apply this s oql child to parent where lookup field is custom. Thank you.