Hey everyone, welcome to figure fantasy another update announcement and we have more to show you with this update announcement. This is going to be issue number four. Okay, starting with the update has sketch of tomorrow, number one, series limited time event so unlock condition would be main story two dash 24. So an all new super rare figurine limited rate up you remember this girl Lafayette limited rate up. I already was able to discuss whether she's worth summoning or not. And if you can see that video, you may check that out. So event schedule July 22, six up to August for 2359 event portal tap on fully blind box on the top right corner. You know where it is and limited rate up event info you can order blind box you can order blind boxes using diamonds or limited blind box cards when obtaining the an ultra figurine there will be a higher chance for it to be Lafayette for with a chance to directly obtain a collector one star which is a pink one star. Okay, so she is with let's Fred. So check out that check out that video guys that I made I'm going to try to put a link up there so that you'll have an easier time to see if she's worth summoning. Next is going to be Ryuca which is actually a surprise surprise for all of us. This is going to be good. A lot of you guys have been waiting for her before I go any further. Let me just show you how she looks like. So this is her the corn girl. So she is going to be dropping so she is going to be support and she's with night nine. I'm going to put out a review on her kit see if she's worth summoning before you summon for her guys to going back. So Ryuca's limited rate up event schedule is also going to be July 22 up to August 11 event portal is also fully blind box and going to be brand exclusive event info you can order blind boxes using fully wishes when obtaining the ultra figurine there will be a higher chance for it to be Ryuca figurine introduction ultra support figurine brand she's going to be night nine as I mentioned limited special edition pack Lafayette Beach wedding version so she's going to get her skin effective July 22 up to August 18 as well purchase the Lafayette limited special edition pack to obtain limited special edition Lafayette Beach wedding version. So it's up to you guys if you're going to get this one. Also there will be a Lafayette promotion event incredible painting coming soon. This is also on July 22 up to August 4. So during the event you can claim stages of great rewards when you promote Lafayette to certain star levels and you can unlock the access to purchasing special packs. Event limited story unpredictable tomorrow coming soon so a new event this opening on July 22 event portal sketch tomorrow unpredictable tomorrow event info you can unlock corresponding achievements in the sketch diary according to your your mains according to your story unlock progress and get tons of exclusive items paint pigment event limited challenge dungeon impression coming soon also dropping on July 22 August 5 event portal sketch of tomorrow unpredictable tomorrow event info challenge stages are different difficulties to earn great rewards use impressionist paintings to quickly sweep stages should already clear to obtain the event that event items lucky daisies and figuring development resources way to obtain impressionist painting daily signing event limited idle drop and this is going to be number six event limited idle drop impressionist painting schedule is going to be July 22 to August 4 as well. Okay so during the event the new item impressionist painting will drop idling from idling which can be used to sweep the challenge dungeon impressionism the event idle drop will end on August 4 so but you can still clear the rewards before August 5 2359 so you don't need to hold your breath and while you wait okay number seven is fortune puzzle bingo event coming soon again July 22 up to August 5 so you know that guys you most most of you familiar with this event also a sketch of tomorrow daily sign in also from July 22 August 4 limited time event store Lafayette store coming soon this is also from July 22 August 5 and that is it new packs in stock daily selection holiday spirit bingo pack sketch invitation card pack swimsuit party limited edition lucky draw event with impending hot summer how shall the figurines avert this mid summer crisis okay so with the sun and the sea blend together the figurines who are usually dressed in tight clothes have changed into special outfits waiting for you to come in and lock them aren't you excited to see blah blah blah unlock condition is going to be main story to the 24 event schedule is going to be July 22 to August 4 hmm I'm excited for this kinda swimsuit party this one I'm very excited for event info during the event you can use foggy lucky draw tokens to participate in limited special edition draw and foggy buttons if you still have these then you are lucky I actually kept some from the previous event Yoko and Kasumi deep diving leisure version I saw this one this one looks good the Yoko Kasumi deep diving I'll try to look for it here see if I can show you guys how it looks like Yoko Yoko I'm gonna look for Yoko while you guys are distracted okay so Yoko where are you Yoko there you go um this is it Yoko in her swimsuit so the others who are these Ayane Okada morning star navigator version Zephyr sacred vacation version the limited special edition will not be available through any other means once the event is over so masters who are interested don't miss out on this so if you want you know other skins especially these skins you have to participate in this event so again Yoko Kasumi deep diving leisure version the one that I just mentioned to you Ayane also morning star navigator version and Zephyr sacred vacation version as well so strange foggy thoughts item event info collect specific tasks during the event to earn froggy chocolates this is the froggy event again so for those who have saved the froggy tokens then you're gonna be good at least mid summer carnival event store event info during the event you can redeem rare items such as limited special edition figurines froggy thoughts consignment store event store okay aqua dream event pack and yada yada solo dungeon event brave the mill fort is coming again okay so I already made a video on this so anyway we'll try to revisit this once this drops the brave the mill fort and how to conquer that one and other updates all new hot toys system coming soon what is this unlocked main store six does 30 opening time july 21 after maintenance system buffs yada yada hot toys companion you can select one hot toy to accompany you in each battle the selected hot toy can will cast corresponding combat effects based on their equipped wrappers interesting hot toys upgrading you can upgrade hot toys by increasing your trendiness which will boost your combat values a lot of things to discuss tomorrow hot toys wrappers okay we'll not discuss this we'll just discuss this when it drops all new main store chat per 35 is opening all new adornment box permanent in stock exclusive special edition iakino gold dust festival version is also coming okay that was that was a lot so gentle reminder the event schedules mentioned above are based on regional time so if i do make again if i do make a video ahead of time people in north american and europe um you guys will be delayed in terms of the event launch so don't worry the event will eventually be in the same 24 hour window as are so thank you guys for staying this far so hopefully this clarifies the update for tomorrow and lots of videos again for tomorrow so see you around guys stay safe take care this is the warden and i'm out of here


And the next song, I think that was probably the first song I came through when Eric and I rejoined. And I was like, Eric, Eric hears a new song, and he was like, yeah, you got all of the cores down.  You're like, whee. So this is how this one goes. You know, you're confident that you have a good time or at least pretend that special love will come along and rescue you.


Everybody forced here ripping 22 23 tops chrome club competitions soccer hobby 6 box number 17 You a fo club competitions find those results anytime of late sports cards comm. Let's go ahead and just started Just chairs though now. It's too high Just right Like Goldilocks right now. All right y'all Whoa, I've got this new blade I think I didn't press down It's on stuff in half over here. All right, here we go base is split even to all spots Get a fuchsia shimmer my aida for Celtic out of 250 my aida 1959 design Aqua wave man United Kazimiro to 199 refractor de grassa for future stars Juventus Zach, what's up, man? Happy Sunday. Yeah, Sunday fun day Yeah, wonder kids dayditch for Salzburg specimen Leonel Messi PSG Refractor AC Milan Raphael layout smack today Happy Monday to you smack Happy Monday to you smack refractor Evan Ilson report though shabu goreery jewelry, I don't know gore She's gonna pass it over Renee on the insert Won't stop raining with Carolina. It's been pretty rainy yesterday and today on and off here Pulsar layout AC Milan Zanetti for Inter on the 1959 Nusa rookie 1959 for Bruges Zidane Iqbal on the neon green auto to 99 man United You go low and numbered Iqbal for man you Pulsar rookie is Walmart for Feyenoord Golasso Matisse tell Byron Hero variation hungman son spurs that's sick. That's the first one I pulled actually Nice card Tottenham Kshim Sun hero variation Refractor is Yota Celtic I just included in the Ealing junior wonder kids for Juventus variation are like those Orange rookie or orange gold seismic Alvaro Sons rookie Going to Barcelona Wherever they're playing golf is super sunny. It's the John Deere this week Refractor in cunku Leipzig probably somewhere in the middle of the country Refractor bonucci for Hubei Last time I celebrate in the fourth week a whole week. I Didn't celebrate at all Kyle's starting with this Future shimmer rookie carbony for inter Milan that of 250 17 carboni Guri on the 1959 Neon green shimmer Louise Diaz Liverpool out of 399 Pulsar Hubei Marco de Graça Refractor Timo Werner for Leipzig Refractor Vinny Jr. Real Madrid Zanetti 1959 for inter Rookie refractor McNeal man you Charlie McNeal Lawsack Labor Cues in 1959 do anything crazy this weekend Shawn now got Baca Yoko wonder kids for Eindhoven PSV heard that Harry Kane specimen Yeah, you got to go home and Pack a bunch of cards up Refractor of you cannon for inter a tie-on Buchanan Wonder kids Benjamin Sesco Salzburg and neon green shimmer appear Kalulu a C Milan out of 399 Neon green a lava Timo Werner for Leipzig dies in my Ada 1959 Celtic Blue wave that should be an auto then it is a Vinny Jr. Blue Wave auto to 75 Victor Oh, Real Madrid Victor Hits in these breaks no matter what team he gets he hits and hits well Congrats Victor Vinny Jr. Auto to 75 Now I'll do that'll go in a mag Fractor Kalulu for a C Milan We'll probably see Victor in every single one of these breaks you post now With top tractor after a Galazzo suites tops factor is Darwin Nunez Liverpool Heck of a box here Congrats Liverpool nice parallel five of 52 on the tops factor On Darwin refractor Tony Cruz three on Madrid More bots in chat Surrounded Fractor to Kettler a C Milan Pink mini diamond rookie Noah sasa for Copenhagen set of 175 a Johansson on the Copenhagen rookie inserts the 59 Neon green shimmer will hum a dollar me Copenhagen future stars at 399 Refractor Martinelli arsenal refractor Bayern Tomas Muller So it's everybody excited for the derby tomorrow excited for the draft the night Javi Simons PSV refractor couple LSU players might go one and two you got the The Florida power hitter R9 on the insert with a sesco fuchsia shimmer out of 250 For Salzburg Pulsar Martinelli arsenal. Where do you go? Really Dillon Alfonso Davies only 1959 Wonder kids gonna show a menu specimen Olivier Giroux a C Milan refractor Trent Alexander Arnold Liverpool Wonder kids Muhammad Ali Cho for associate ad neon green shimmer rookie Antonio Nusa for inter Sorry, no, that's a club Bruce club. You're sorry. Sorry. Sorry. Nice act Who who's the who's your local high school? We got a we got a pretty good one Got Abelene the 75 rookie blue and gold seismic for Renee Dylan Cruz went to school. Maybe like 15 minutes from you right here Fractor Erickson for menu, that's just how central Florida is All all sports now ready bar G Copenhagen on the rookie insert Ricky refractor Otto Hugo Hugo ecotique for PSG you go PSG Fractor PSG Marquinhos Defender Marquinhos PSG go lasso Fernando Torres at let it go Walker Jenkins. Oh, yeah, I was I was seeing him in like the monographs Pulsar Sane Bayern one of our breakers Went to the same high school at the same time. It was like Ryan Mountcastle Riley Greene. I Think Jeff Driscoll was also there if you're in a football night vision raywave t-book or twa It's going to Rio Madrid to once 1999 225 Zalewski rookie throwback neon green shimmer to 399 man United Casemiro Refractor Chua Mani Future stars Real Madrid got Nacho wonder kids Refractor Rudiger Real Madrid purple gold rookie seismic Ollie Skarls West Ham refractor is Biraghi Fiorentina nacho base Griezmann 1959 Pulsar rookie is Fajoli for Juventus Garnaccio on the throwback there bird camp 1959 Chelsea rookie Otto Enzo Fernandez Chelsea with a nice one the autos are just so much better this year We had Chelsea Dominic there you go Dominic Nice Enzo refractor rookies Jimenez for Feyenoord Seps Stratka Luciala Galasso for Bayern and a Galasso blue for Liverpool to 150 Robbie flower nice Galasso blue to 150 Pulsar Madueke PSV You guys Kyle's live on channel 2 with personals tonight specimen Erling Hollands Manchester City Blue refractor Timo Werner out of 150 goes to Leipzig and a base refractor Pulisic Chelsea former teammates It's like he's going to he's like he's done deal. He's going to AC Milan, right? God's a loose key wonder kids for Roma some done deal Pulisic transferred Gold lava gold lava rookie Fabio Blanco Nice card Barcelona, and we're like two weeks away from the national refractor Phil Foden man city as soon enough It's gonna be over We get there's gonna over quick so on our social media. We have where our booths are we shouldn't be too hard to find in the case break pavilion a little more open area than Then we're all the booths will be all the vendor booths But I guess we are vendors but because we're breakers we're all in one area Future shimmer Phil Foden out of 250 man city Sean's gonna be signing autographs ten bucks a pop. It's all a Ramos That or you could just you could bring them like a cheeseburger probably sign one for you I'll go wave to 199 silver for PSV Yeah Like a beer. Oh He'll sign he'll sign all the autos in that in Bob a specimen Refractor rookie Rico Lewis man city or if it's the morning like a bagel or something like a cup of coffee Refractor Darwin for Liverpool He's bringing a full McDonald's breakfast you just You'll carry your your cards around with you all day Sergio Ramos I'll do the same Food is more valuable than cards on the on the show floor.  Oh Man kit number 10 of 52 Holy cow beautiful Messi Brand new tops fracter at that. I'll do rookie refractor Marquinhos for Arsenal That will do Baca Yoko wonder kids PSV Redgold Redgold seismic. It's a rookie and it's William Clem nice card Copenhagen Nothing on as rare as the true reds, but still very nice shorter printed card Copenhagen good stuff great box here Good break here. Actually Breaks are always good man. This is a great product refractor is fuzzioli rookie for Juventus Wonder kids Rini Bargi Copenhagen trying to leave it up there so you can see the top factor.  I'm gonna finish this up. Hey, good luck Carl. Yes. You're that noise Super loud zone got a rookie pink mini diamond is Cook chew for Fey and Orden to 175 Goon to one rookie neon green shimmers know a sasa for Copenhagen out of 399 refractor Burge vine for Iax that thunder That's what I because it felt like it to yeah cream Benzema could have been thunder, but I was I was low Not very often here Thunderwood. I've heard before but that's yeah, that's crazy Benjamin sesco. It was almost like a sonic boom That's what I thought it was that's it was too close Refractor Fernandez, Manu Bruno, I don't know what that was refractor moussiella provided No, not at 520 on a Sunday Carl. Yeah That was serious whatever that was that's the dawn Brought side few minutes like a smoke cloud or something. I don't know man whole sorrow to Mendy Benfica I'm sure you could hear we could hear it and feel it We froze for a second. Yeah Got specimen Van Dyke It did sound like a song close way too close Fabio Blanco rookie refractor for Manu or sorry Barcelona Barcelona Fabio Blanco Barcelona Wonder kids we go Lewis Manchester City Gold lava galazzo cream out of yummy Borussia Dortmund. Nice. Very nice Got purple gold seismic T-book or twa Real Madrid Fractor Gerard Pellin West Ham Lattaro Martinez Go inter 59 rookie refractor Otto is how come on our Haraldson for Copenhagen Copenhagen rookie Otto Refractor Alisson for Liverpool Yeah, seriously Carl, that's what it sounded like man Galazzo Erling Holland and Wonder kids yellow yep to 125 man City rookie Rico Lewis Wonder kids yellow. Yeah, I would not put it past The people of Florida to do that rookie pulsar is gonna do off for Salzburg stories Don't do Florida justice. We're crazier than the news That's we had autos of Haraldson Bernan des ecotique Iqbal to 99 Blanco to 150 hero vision hungman son is a very cool short print Tottenham rookie gold lava Fabio Blanco Barcelona Green shimmer to 399 sasa Kazimiro Nusa Darryl a Lulu Diaz Pink mini diamonds to 175 is coach you and the shimmers are to 250 Foden sesco carbony my Ada my vision ray wave to 225 court toa Aqua wave to 199 silver and Kazimiro true blue to 150 is team of earner Galazzo Robbie Fowler Wonder kids to 125 Rico Lewis to 175 sasa Blue gold seismic ablene or ablene for Renee to 75 tops factor Darby Nune has the 52 for Liverpool Top Shractor 10 of 52 10 of 52 lean on messy There you go PSG That's great, and then blue wave auto of any junior out of 75 for real Madrid Thanks again everybody that'll do it moving on to some premier league


My name is Marlene McCohen and I'm here with my sister. Hi guys, I'm Jenna McCohen for you guys who don't know me and we have today a few special guest stars and we would like to welcome you to Parent Tip Tuesday. We have Cody the African Gray and right behind us we have Jersey, our umbrella cockatoo and we have Picasso for you guys today. Now today we have so many guest stars because as promised Jenna is here to help me demonstrate the model rival technique. This is an incredible technique. If you have read the book Alex and Me by Dr. Irene Pepperberg you will see that she used this technique to train Alex how to talk and how to do tricks and it has proven to be extremely effective when working with your parents. Now the reason I'm a fan of this technique is because I use this to teach my African Gray George how to talk but not only how to talk, how to do tricks, how to identify objects and he was especially receptive to the model rival technique. Now before we do the demo with Cody and Jenna I want to tell you guys a few things about how it can be used. First of all you can use this technique to teach your parent how to say specific things that you want him to know. You can teach your bird how to identify colors and objects and you can teach your bird tricks like I mentioned before. In my hand by the way are some treats and Cody saw this happen. Treats are extremely effective and useful in this technique if your bird is food driven. Now I actually didn't think Cody was especially food driven so I was going to demonstrate this technique with a lot of love and attention directed at my sister and vice versa but I thought I should have the treats on hand to show you guys how to use them. Come here buddy. Oh really? Yeah? Is that where you want to hang? Well Cody may not be the perfect bird for this demo right now he seems especially rambuntrous. I expected Cody to be love driven because Cody is especially attached to me so I was going to do this demo with me giving Jenna a lot of attention when it comes to Cody. However most birds are treat driven so I have a few treats in my hand as does Jenna and we are going to use those with Cody as well just in case he enjoys this food and also to show you guys how the model rival technique works using both food and love whatever your bird is driven by. Now who is the model slash rival and why do we call it a model and a rival? Well Jenna is going to be acting as both the model and the rival. Let me tell you why we call it that. She is the model because she is going to be the person demonstrating the act. So in that aspect Jenna is actually the model however she is also the rival because as you guys know birds tend to be one person or have their one person that they really love even if they're well socialized with the rest of the family. Cody is attached to me Cody likes my attention 100% of the time therefore if Jenna gets rewarded for doing something correctly or picking up on the right cue Cody is going to look at Jenna like she is now the rival so she's turned from the model into the rival and what happens when you have a rival you want to do what they do or do it better. So that basically trains the parrot how to do the right thing to get the attention that Jenna was getting so that Jenna no longer gets that attention and it can be turned on the parrot. This is extremely effective with parrots. If you watched my previous parrot tip Tuesday where I talk about birds being like serial killers this is a great example of why they want all of the attention. Jenna has immediately become the rival. It's also important to keep in mind that if you don't have someone you consider a rival for the bird let's say your parrot is well socialized with everybody in the family it's okay to use anybody available to do this technique because birds want attention so they don't really want anyone else getting the attention either way. So this technique can completely be used with anybody that is available but you guys know from our last story time Sunday about Cody Cody already has a little bit of a rival attitude towards Jenna so she's going to be the perfect person for this demonstration. Now it's not just humans that can be the rival birds can see other parrots as rivals too. So a bird that you own that is already good at doing tricks or already great at pleasing you can be an excellent rival for your parrot too. So consider that as well. Now let's get started. You have your treats? I have my treats. Now Jenna has her treats and we're ready to go. I have to tell you guys this is actually Cody's first time doing this. I haven't done this much with Cody. I've been teaching him mostly alone in the house talking to him as we discussed before but I thought Cody would be great for this video because Jenna has previously been a rival to him and because this works so well on African greys and it's exactly what I did with my bird George. So let's start off with an object. Remember you can teach your bird so many different things with this technique down to color, product, matter, matter, paper like Alex did. Alex was able to tell you what matter what color but with Cody we're going to start with something simple. Now Jenna is going to essentially act as another bird would. So we're going to have Jenna go through this process just like we are going to do with Cody. So everything we think Cody is going to do, we're going to make Jenna do it. So here is the demo. Jenna, what color? I have a treat. Very good. Now Jenna is going to in turn ask me. I don't know if you guys could see but I could see very closely how intently Cody was looking at this whole situation because so is now essentially if you'll notice because so is looking at this whole situation like Cody has a rival and he's very interested in what's happening too. Go ahead and ask me Jenna Marlene. What color? Yellow. Yay. Have a treat. Let's try it on Cody. Cody is not going to say yellow. He's never said it before but let's see what he does. Cody, what color? What color? Cody didn't know what he's supposed to do. So let's reiterate by showing it to Jenna. Jenna, what color? Yellow. Girl Jenna, yellow. Yay. Now this time Jenna is going to do it to me. Jenna, when you do it to me this time I'm going to say yellow in a very excited tone because remember birds love tones that are more excitable and interesting than other tones. So here we go. Marlene, what color? He knows that I didn't really eat it. Let's try it on Cody again. Cody, what color? What color? Let's try something else. Let's try something different. Jenna, Cody wants this so this is more interesting to him. What color? Green. Yay. Oh, treat. No. Treat. Yay. Okay, Jenna, ask me. Oh, Marlene, what color? Green. You want a treat? He's like, just give it to me. He's like, can I have that please? That is an example of the model rival technique. I chose something extremely hard. Cody has never said green. We've never introduced him to any colors and we've never tried this technique. It's a good idea to start with something simple, like saying hello or saying something that you may have heard the birds say already. We wanted to do it with the word what? Cody, say what because Cody knows how to say what. So we already know that the ability would be there, but now we would be teaching him to say it on cue. The reason I chose the cucumber and the lemon is because the abilities of the African Gray are so extensive that I wanted you to understand, like Alex, the African Gray, you could choose different colors, different shapes, blocks, types. There's so many things that you can teach your parrot. Not only that, you could teach your parrot to step up. That's an excellent way of getting them used to stepping up. You can also teach your parrot tricks using the model rival technique. Bang, bang, flip over and he's dead. I did that with George a lot, how to turn around. These are excellent ways and if you have another parrot that is good at this, then it's an even better way to demonstrate to your bird how to get what you want out of him. So this is excellent for tricks, excellent for talking, and excellent for cognitive learning as well. So try this with your bird and I don't think that you will regret it. Whoa, suddenly I am in a different room with a different bird. Hi Vinny, yes, Vinny and I hope that you enjoyed this video about the model rival technique. We have to admit something though. Do you know why I'm suddenly in this room without Jenna and without the rest of the birds? It's probably like midnight right now. I just found out that the end of the video I did not record. So we did this whole really cute thing with a jersey learning to give me a kiss and a demo with Picasso and it just did not tape. Such a mercury in retrograde type thing. And Jenna's already sleeping and so are the other birds, but I call Vinny my midnight bird. This is our alone time. He likes to come out at night and hang out with me and watch movies and have our alone time. You got to find some time for each and every bird and this is how Vinny and I do it. The other ones are kind of crankers. They need to go to bed at 10. Vinny likes to chill with me. He's a little bit older too, so he's much more mature. I don't actually know how old Vinny is because he is a rescue bird, but I know that he's older, right Vinny? So that's the story. Sometimes these things happen. Welcome to the world of YouTube and making it work. I hope you guys enjoyed this video and learned something from it. When I was signing off with my sister, I said, please follow Jenna on Instagram and Snapchat at JennaSara. She's a really good Snapchatter, by the way. She's really cute and follow me on Instagram at MarleneMcCohen and for those of you who want to show me your birds and come join our really fun group called Parrot Station, type in Parrot Station on Facebook, come join us, introduce your bird. I love to meet your birds and watch your bird videos. So please come visit us and subscribe of course, right Vinny? Tell them why subscribers are important for us to keep making these videos. Thank you guys so much. I'm so sorry that I lost some of the video. For that, I will put some bloopers at the end of this video. I hope you guys enjoy them. I love you guys so much. Bye. I thought I should have the treats on hand to show you guys how to use them. Come here buddy. Oh really? Yeah? Is that where you want to hang? Jersey! You have a friend. I'm sorry babe. What can we do with a kiss?   Well, why do we call it a model and a rival?   Oh, I'm not so short. Where do you want to go?  Well, ah! Yeah, can Georges do that thing? Don't get my thumb. I think he saw the demo and he's pissed about it. I have to tell you guys, I was actually mad at it. Then it's even better than it's an even better way to demonstrate. Jersey, did you have fun today?


added calculation, we're going to have the actual hours times the standard rate and then we're going to get this number here and we're going to compare this number and this number and this number and this number. So first we'll compare these two. We're doing this calculation here, actual hours times the actual rate, and we're comparing that times the actual hours times the standard rate. And note what the difference is, is the rate in this case. So the difference is the rate. So if we subtract those two out, we get the 66 to 50. That's the difference due to us having a lower rate in this case. Therefore, it's a favorable difference. So I would kind of think through it when you're trying to think if it's favorable or unfavorable. Well, the thing that's different here is the rate. And we budgeted the rate to be higher than what actually happened. And that's a good thing. We had a lower rate than we thought. And then if we compare this one, we're comparing this side to this side. And what's going to be the thing that's different here? And that's going to be the hours. So we have the hours, the standard hours and the actual hours differ. And that's going to be the efficiency variance. How good were we with the use of the hours? We use more or less hours. In this case, we have the 70,000. And it's a favorable difference as well. Because if we look at that, we say the standard hours were the 270. That's what we thought was going to happen. The actual hours was 265. We actually have less hours than we budgeted to have. So both favorable differences. And if we add those two up, then we get back to this 365-250, which matches the 365-250 up there. So remember, if we just, if we just matched out what happened on the flexible budget, and what happens in actual, in terms of the labor, we would get this number. And now we're breaking it out into its components, the rate variance and the efficiency variance. So now we're going to calculate this same rate variance and efficiency variance in a formula, which will be a slightly quicker. So we're going to have a few less steps in the formula. So first we're going to start off with the rate variance. And we're just taking a look at these two calculations here that we compared before. And what we have here is the difference being the rate, so the actual rate and the standard rate. So if we put that in a formula, we could first say that we have the actual rate 1375. We've got less or minus the standard rate of 14. That gives us that difference of the 25. And then we're going to multiply that times the actual hours. And that will give us the rate variance. So it's a bit quicker calculation. We get to the rate variance for the 66-250 from the formula. When you want to see if it's favorable or unfavorable, again, you want to kind of take a look at the actual rate versus the standard rate. The thing that is changing, the actual being less than the standard, what we budgeted, that's good. Therefore, it's a favorable difference.


he solution then these charges might be shielded somehow by counter ions. So what would be a better structure factor? So what would be your instinct? If you don't know a lot about structure factors, and you're just approaching this, you've never looked at structure factors, you don't know what the software has to offer, then you can click on the options and it shows you the ones that are already preloaded and it will show you there's a hard sphere, there's a Hater MSA which is the one we're using now, there's a square well and there's a sticky hard sphere. So these are the ones that it has available. At the moment there are more sophisticated structure factors out there and we could introduce them here, but these are the four that are available at the moment and if you don't know what each one of them does, what I strongly recommend is that you first help and you go and you click on the structure, I hope you see my screen, you click on the structure factor and you look for information about each one of them. So let's try this structure. Thank you. Why is it on a dude mind putting the screen that you're working in and full screen? Oh sorry. Oh hang on. Does that help? Yes, thank you so much. Thank you. If you click, oh it's small again, but let me, I can make it bigger as if you go and structure factors, sorry on mine it's maximized, it just doesn't show it very good. So you have the different structure factors that it's offering and if you click for example on the hard sphere, it'll tell you what it does and it tells you for example that it calculates the structure factor of monodisperse spherical particles interacting through hard sphere interactions. So it assumes uncharged particles which may be for the case where you have the salt shielding the charges around your particle, your molecule may be acting like an uncharged or like a very low charged particle. So I would probably try a hard sphere structure factor for the cases where you have salt and you can try this on your own time, you can maybe try it. Instead of using the H-R-M-S-A, you could try the hard sphere and see if that improves your fit. And hopefully it will for the salt case. But again, you have to do a little bit of reading about what the models do. I mean you could just try and see what fits but then you're kind of blind and you can be unlucky that you fit your data and it's not a physical sense, right? So your model has some physical sense with what you know about your sample. And again, this was sort of a teaser so I kind of made you fit something that is not ideal. In the suggested discussion I asked you why didn't we choose a hard sphere factor for the zero molar sodium chloride case since the structure factor is not made for very dilute solutions. That's why because we expect some charges so we know that the protein, we know the PI of the protein so that's something you will know from before your experiment, you will know the PI of your protein. You will have decided what pH you want to use so you know if you expect your molecule to be charged or not.  Okay. I don't know if you have other questions. You can always drop me a message. I guess one general question we're dealing with protein data in this case. If we're lucky enough to be working with a structured protein like lysosine there is likely a structure available from crystallography or cryoEM or NMR. So in what situation would you be setting the sort of structure factor models with SAS view and in what situation would you rather just feed the PDB into software like cryosome? So you can so let's say you had a model from EM for example or NMR you had a model from a different technique so if it's NMR you'd have an ensemble of structures so you probably have to use an average of your structure, get a PDB then what would you do you would add hydrogens to your model if it's not there, if it's NMR it will be there but if it's just an extra crystallographic structure it may not be. So remember you have to add your hydrogens to the model because as we've seen hydrogen or DTRI make a strong impact into your spectrum profile then if you just want to do a very rough simulation you can try to calculate the profile without any further calculations if you want to do a proper simulation you have to let the structure relax because you're using a structure factor from a different technique let's say if it was EM for example it's probably prior cooled it was blocked at a surface so you want to do a slight simulation to relax the structure to what you would expect for a solution and that you can do a cryosome as well so you do need to do a little bit of simulation work it's not too if you've never done a simulation you can probably still do it just following the instructions and again you can drop us a message or the SASC developers also welcome people contacting them and they help you with making it work if you need to especially if it's a very complicated but you would do that and then you would calculate a curve and compare it with this one so that's the ideal in some ways it's a blessing and a curse it's a curse because it means you're going to have to do some simulations to relax the structure and to have a good starting model for your data on the other hand it's a blessing because you have a starting structure so you don't have to do this more crude approximation let's say it's an ellipsoid which is a very crude approximation obviously we know there's a lot more details in the structure than that but you don't always want to see that so maybe you kind of already know what the structure is you just want to look at interactions and Amara's not telling you that and Crayom's not telling you that you want to know what types of interactions are going on because you want to stabilize the formulation for example then you don't want to use SASC you could still use that starting structure but then you don't want to use a fit of your structure factors and try to fit your data and try to find out is this an attractive interaction is it a repulsive interaction do I need to add more salt is it a question of varying the pH how high in concentration can I go before these interactions contribute too much so these are questions that you can answer with this and you can also use more complicated structure factors which have both attractive and repulsive interactions at different hue ranges so you can get to higher levels of complexity depending on what you're doing but that's the power of SASC is that you can look at the structure but you can also look at interactions between them all I keep repeating myself but it all depends on what you want what are you trying what question are you trying to answer but you can absolutely you can use models from other data it will, I'm not going to lie it will get more and more complicated structures become larger and if it gets too complicated or if you don't have enough data then you can use these kinds of simplifications where you just use a more generic model because you may not be interested in those structures per se just in interactions for example like we're doing now so yeah it depends what you want to see as always yes as always thank you any other questions I have a question yeah go ahead so in the tutorial it says to save a couple of times do you want us to send you these files or it depends for our own sake that's more for you so that if you close the program by accident or if you have a bug or something and you need to close it and restart so that you don't lose the fits you already have if you do have a question and you want me to look at something then it's useful to send me the project because then I can more or less see what parameters you have but it's more for you especially when you're doing a lot of fits I mean in this case we're fitting for samples but very often you're going to have 20 samples of different concentrations lots of different you're going to have a lot of data loaded onto your SAS view and it's very frustrating because you've already done 10 fits you need to close the program and then you lose all that so it's more of a I'm trying to get you into that habit of saving your project just to save your work so that it's not a you never know what's after it's just a good habit to have but also if you want to exchange information with your collaborators or ask a question to someone then you can always see if they have the data and they have the project saved true, thank you it's already 5 past so I do not want to rush you but I think we're going to have to end soon again just drop me a message because you have to digest all this information and if you haven't had time to finish which is perfectly normal just do it in your own time and then if you have other questions that you remember in the meantime just let me know I'll try to help, I'll do my best okay I don't know I think they may not be back yet let me just check the schedule I think you're not supposed to have anything else after are you? I think after this you are free so you can spend the rest of the day playing with SASV or not or you can just take your time and digest information a little bit because I know the program is intensive I'll check the schedule real quick yeah we still have some time am I right? do we still have some time? I'm happy to sit here and spend more time a bit too soon I think the schedule officially says 4.30 we still have some time I'm happy to sit here and sit my coffee and wait for questions as they arrive if you want to play with it get used to it a little bit more share my screen again just in case it's useful yeah sorry I lost track here it's only 10 in the morning so if this was live I would be walking around and peeking over your shoulders can you hear someone talking at a distance? I don't know if it's a question or if it's another question sorry the sound is not very strong a question maybe someone already asks this but can we copy feeds from previous sample to a new sample or we have to set up each time all these parameters you do have to set up each time so if you've done it before and you saved your project it will populate the fits that you've done before but when you're moving from one sample to the other you do have to type them in I believe I don't think you can often it does carry over if you're doing them in a sequence sometimes it does carry over but because you have to each time select the category and the model name it does tend to bring it back to default because it assumes that if you're fitting a different sample you want it to input that information so unfortunately typically you have to it does but if you save your project you only have two at once I don't think there is that option good question I'll ask the developers to have an option to just import those parameters you're going to tell me it's a dangerous option to have because many people they're input values but you're right if you have I don't know if you have 50 samples then it's nice not have to and again here things like the scattering intensity of the protein and the solvent I gave you the values to try but these were values that you can estimate and that I calculated using other tools I used SASE and I calculated what was the SOD that I expected and here's the PDV and I got this value of 3.4 in reality for your sample you don't know precisely the scattering length density of your protein because you don't know the structure you don't know how compact it is or not so this can vary a lot you have an idea but this can vary so if you're doing a contrast experiment you would want to measure experimentally what's the match point of your protein for example you would calculate it and put it in your proposal so you would say I expected to be let's say 30% but then you'd also measure it I ask you a question this batch mode you showed us and I tried it and I have a version 4 on windows 10 because I installed version 5 couple of weeks ago and I couldn't get it to work so I had to go back to version 4 but it didn't work in version 4 at least the things you showed for the batch beating tell me what you're trying to do so you have different samples I just tried the same I tried to sample and then keep the structure factor for one and add it to the next sample or at least use the first sample as an initial parameter for the next one as a reference but apparently it didn't work I'm just wondering why it could be a version issue or it could be the way you want to share your screen maybe I can take a quick look let me stop sharing when I want to add them close this one I feed the first one which is here oh ok I think I don't remember for version 4 but I think that you have to select so let's say you wanted to fit the one license I'm and the one hundred license I'm sorry I believe you would have to have them selected both so let's yeah those two for example before you click to send to fitting on batch mode so that it knows it's on batch mode and that those two are associated I believe is that what you did yeah I tried this also and when I see yeah there you go but they are not good but if I want to have this on a plot I have to again replace it yeah there is an option to you want to have them put it on the same what because I cannot see the fit now for example now I'm trying to batch fit and I use the first one as a as a reference and then I try this okay I say fit for example this parameter I'm not in changes but that's that's a different issue that could be because the fit is not converging because you haven't put approximate parameters in there so the equatorial radius is way off the scale is off the SLDs are off so it may be because it's not converging at all if you yeah it should be showing you're right when you say it should be showing you the both of them is it behind that window oh yeah there you go it's showing you the two fits so M1 is for the for the other license sign so it's on yeah that will be graph 3 I think so it's showing you it's not showing you the other data because the license sign is the one you're using as a reference it's just showing you the square for that one but it's showing you the line for the other for the other data yeah so it takes a little bit of getting used to managing all the window did it crash I just oh you stop sharing okay thank you but yeah so you need to have probably what I would do is choose the one you're going to use as a reference and do a rough fit at least with this 11 bar markers algorithm so that you have approximate values that would work so you know it's difficult and then use that one to propagate into the it is a more computationally demanding calculation because it's trying to fit more things at the same time so if you don't have a good reason to fit it that way then don't because you can be imposing things that you shouldn't on the other hand if you do have a good reason you expect I don't know the form factor to be the same for all of them then yeah then it's a way to increase the number of data to parameter ratio right so there are instances where you have good reasons to do that but again if you're trying to look at some data and it's not working for you for some reason because of a parameter or something do reach out because the developers do want to help and it might be just some silly thing that we're overlooking or that you didn't see and they will you know instead of wasting too much time trying to do a fit if you think that it's there's a bug or there's a format issue contact them sooner rather than later so that they start you into the right direction the other algorithm you mentioned is it this dream at least in version 4 call so what sorry can you say that the other algorithm you said dreams yeah it has a bunch of them so dream is a it's population it's a it's a different principle you're more likely to not get stuck so so with 11 remark and for something simple like this it's perfectly fine and for I would say pretty much any system as a starting point that's what it is right it's faster you can check quick quicker if you have a roughly okay fit if you have especially if you have a more complicated system you would want to then change the algorithm to dream it's more robust it'll take a while so it's going to it's not going to be a minute it'll take a while but then it has a lot of advantages it's more robust so you're more likely to find the real minimum and and also it gives you a lot of extra information on the correlations between parameters so it shows if they're really randomized or if you're biasing them so if you're starting if you if you've been fitting your scale and your radius at the same time that you shouldn't do it'll show you that it'll show you a strong correlation and some journals when you when you use especially if you use this kind of algorithms will ask you for that they will they will ask to see that to see so what is what's the correlation between the parameters can you show us this and so you have that data and if you want to publish the data you can show that you can see look this is convergent I am not biased to fit and that's what it is and you may and you will especially want to show that if your result is something that's a little bit more unusual or unexpected if you have other complementary data and it's all consistent then no one no one's going to question it it all makes sense right but occasionally your molecule will act differently in solution or but it will surprise you and then you want to show that you're not biasing that it's you trust your physical so yeah then you want to use but yeah but you are going to set it to fit and walk away from the computer and leave it there for a while it's more robust but it's going to be slower sure yes I'm fitting something that it's vesicle plus one like my cell plus disk and when I added I tried I I couldn't get it work on version 5 so I get back to fashion 4 yeah you can you have some when you change the algorithm you have some options to change the number of steps that it does so you can actually reduce the robustness at least to begin with so you can make it a little bit less demanding so it'll still output all those options but you can reduce the number of steps you can there are options that you can manipulate a little bit to make it less exhausted so that it doesn't randomize the parameters in such a large space you can you can constrain that a little bit and so when you have a really large systems you can simplify a little bit and that will work for most cases but yeah but it's still going to be slower for sure so yeah start with the default Levenberg markers don't go to dream straight away because it'll be frustrating you'll use that when you're more more confident of your convergence and of your model but not to the end otherwise you need a very good computer you may not have access to it I noticed sometimes it's it's just crash yeah now stick to Levenberg marker even Levenberg marker you can reduce the number of steps it's going to do but yeah it's a better option to begin with and of course use all the information you have from the data if you know the volume fraction or in other words fixed parameters that you already trust you don't want to fit too many parameters at the same time use as much information as you have and if you're very curious I have a whole data set at different concentrations of license if you're starting up your project and you don't have data to play with I can send you more and you can do a little simulation if you want and again it's real data it's not perfect data that will perfectly match your sample you will be asking yourself questions about the queue range and why does it fit better or not I didn't want to give you a perfect solution that would make you not ask any questions because your sample is probably not going to be like that if your sample is more well behaved then you're probably not going to complain anyway license time is also not a big protein so it doesn't have a very large class section that's the other question you can and should ask instrument scientists what's the lowest concentration that they recommend you to use because not all instruments will be the same so not all sources are the same so ask them what's the lowest concentration that they recommend you can see that the one bit per mil data was okay and you can simulate again you can use the software to simulate your forward scattering intensity your I naught and you can let the instrument scientists know listen I calculated and I can see it's 0.05 is this acceptable or should this give me enough signal to noise data in your instrument or what do you recommend and they will give you some advice again don't hesitate because they want you to collect good data they want your experiment to work so they're happy when you contact them with a 0.05 mid per mil example that you'll never get anything out of did you manage to go through all the data did everyone sort of finish good I should have given you more than I'm a bit low I guess that's okay if you start playing with the parameters you can see so obviously I gave you good starting values but if you start playing with the parameters you can see that the fits can escape your control very quickly so that should give you a feeling of how important it is to use what you know about the sound with these tabulated values for cross sections for absorption coherent and incoherent and also with the software that you can use to simulate the scattering profile all these these available software packages they simulate coherent scattering right so it's not going to be the same as your as your measured profile because your measured profile will have incoherent scattering contributions it'll have a background there'll be absorption so remember that too when you do a simulation you're simulating the coherent scattering so there'll be other factors contributing that will reduce the signal to noise would be nice if we could simulate then we wouldn't need to do an experiment if we could simulate the full thing Susan I had a slightly off tutorial question that's asked me in some of my samples that I want to fit in this ask you I need to add together models and I was kind of as you were saying with the at least with the structure factor including the structure factor you already have an issue of so you have scale in one model and then you have volume fraction in another if you're adding together models and especially if they are custom models how do you avoid that kind of problem again well it depends so if you're adding models it depends what you're doing so let's say you're if you're adding it depends on what your equation it goes on it boils down to your equation and the developers will help you implement your equation but they will not tell you what equation to use so you have to come in with that so if what you're summing is let's say you have two form factors and you're summing two models and there is no interaction between them so you can have a sum and you can refine the different volume fractions so the different contributions of each in reality very often there is a cross factor so they influence each other so it's rarely as straightforward as that and very often or almost always you have to refine that you have to refine the scale factor for the both of them and also very often you have a fit so you have the model for one the model for another and then you have a third factor that accounts for the interactions between them so they're not typically but again you do your best to try to come up with an equation and you read the literature and you try to come up with a model reach out to someone who is done models reach out to one of us if you come to like a SAS view code camp and you don't have your equation they probably will not be able to help you unless you talk to someone like you know unless you talk to one of them we will also do models for example talk to one of us basically and then try to help you with the equation what they do help you with is when if you have the equation you just don't know how to implement it on the software that's straightforward to them so they will give you advice on how to name your parameters how to code for it so the basic things also common pitfalls is that you name your parameters the same things as for the variables that are already defined in the program you probably came across that already so that sort of thing they will help you with they will not tell you how to do the equation that you have to reach out to one of us usually you have to refine usually you have to refine just a little bit of it when you say their interaction between the two models what do you mean I don't quite understand what you mean by that okay so probably as I just told you so like the if I'm looking at with the ones in SASTU at least combining a core shell model with just like a broad peak lorenzian to have like a core shell particle with internal structure what would be kind of the interactions there is it just kind of scattering from so there are two ways of thinking of it so the intuitive idea is that they're both present in there they influence each other this is the intuitive idea I'll get to the maths in a second yeah that they're both present in there they are in the same structure so if one is larger or if one is more charged it will influence the structure of the other so they're not independent if you think about the magical equation of the intensities what you're doing is instead of a single p of q you have two p of q's in there so you have p1q plus p2q and you saw I showed you in the equations that that's a square we square the amplitude oh okay so mathematically you have the square of a sum so you're going to have the square of the first term the square of the second term and then you're going to have the two times the multiplication of the two so mathematically as well you can see that there's a third factor in there where you multiply the two of them so even if intuitively you can kind of imagine that they would affect each other but also mathematically because of how we calculate this there's a we call it the cross factor yeah I think I got a bit too stuck on interaction rather than but yeah it's a square so it's a square of a sum so you're going to have a third factor that multiplies sometimes to a sum approximation you can get away it depends on the weight of that of that third factor if one of them has a much weaker contribution maybe but yeah okay cool the good thing is that if you come up with a good model and you implement it then it becomes it's a community effort right so if you've done it then you can just have it there and it's almost as good as you know you can send it to them even if you don't know how to do it send it there and it will become available to other people and again if you're very very lost and you don't know what to start a good way would be to find a reference with a similar structure what you think is a similar structure or a similar model and start there even if you don't think it's exactly the same okay implement that one because that will show you what you have to do and it will show you the pitfalls so you can work out through you can do some progress so you can work out through the debugging of implementing the model and then look at the fit it's not going to be perfect because you know yours is slightly different and then you can just change that so start with something that's published if you feel a bit too lost that you think is kind of similar like a starting point it's easier to do that way you know to build on a complexity than to start from scratch if you're a monkey and it's very different it's a different story but but usually at this point there's some model out there that's going to be kind of similar yeah it's a the hard part rather than the models definitely are there somewhere have you been to one of the code camps? no I haven't Karolina told me about when she did a code camp which sounds really cool yeah because I've talked to Andrew Jackson a bit about it as well I actually took a full up with that yeah try to get yourself into one of those it helps if you know a little bit of Python but you don't necessarily need to and you have them there for a week just for you so you can sort of take their brains most of the times there will be people there like Andrew who can also help you with the model part but if not just take a model that you think is similar and find out how to implement it because then you have an example to work from thank you complicated sample exactly these days even my eyes can be complicated it's not a beam time unless something becomes weird for no reason absolutely there's a reason why it hasn't been done that's my previous sketch the advisor used to say that there's a reason it hasn't been done yes my sister is also doing some research and her supervisor said it would be really great to do this and she went to a confidence level and said it's really great you're doing this good luck the thing to do is not let yourself get too stuck reach out to people sometimes it's a silly thing sometimes it's just a bug in the software and you're worried about your model other times it is something but people who have seen lots of different models may be able to do this yeah reach out don't isolate in the corner and get too stuck especially in these days don't have those many interactions I was just thinking we're a bit over time so is there anything else that we should do oh yes sorry no if you finished if you've gone through all the steps that's perfect again if you want more if you don't have data to practice from I can send you more or if you have questions later I'm happy to answer otherwise you're free to go and enjoy the rest of your day


No, it's okay, it's okay, it's okay. Guys, we are back.  And you know, I remember, I remember I told you that I was hanging up for, for gym and stuff. So it's just, you're like, you don't trust me? Oh, maybe she doesn't go anymore. Let me just play some dope music. She got, she got, she got some calories up up on my Ramoja. Funny iconini. That's right. How should I do this rock tour? Two, five, four. The channel is White244, of course. We are across our social media platforms at White254 channel. He does that. Let us know. What can we play for you? I'm on Philly and Jean across our social media platforms. I'm talking about Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, everywhere. Philly and Jean. Let's talk. You can keep me up. I love when they move on some of the DMs. I know Mr. Hiskaz and the Superstar. Do you answer DMs, too? Yeah, I know how to answer DMs. I know how to answer DMs, but you say Superstar. I know you do answer. So, what are you guys doing now? His name is Hughes Girls. He's the rock activist. You can find him at Hughes Girls across our social media platforms as well. That's right. Also today, okay, I wish I had to DJ Tiazca, but I didn't do it. Yes, Ma'am. Tiazca! Yes, ma'am. And by the way, just a quick reminder. Today, here, Kitta and Lewika. Ma'am, are they my chakras too? Yes, we're heading to the chakras. Those guys are not doing Nairobi. We aren't doing Nairobi. We aren't doing Nairobi. It's a machakras thing. We're not coming to play. We're going to straight flams. Flams. Kutthimbo katho. I'm going to clap before you clap. But every minute, every minute. I'm going to prepare saisai before we go. For you. We are coming with a lot of for you. Right, but I wish to add to... Bakita, she's been in the building. Like, she's been watching the show since we started. She's been tuned. I wish I were to you and Anthony, Steve, Anthony. He's also been tuned since the show started. And I have a few more people want to shout out. They are on my TL, on T-Tile pilot. I see you. Right, let me see you. Just a minute, give me a minute. Now, we have... Okay, Bakita was shouting us out for playing arc enemy. Bakita, I love arc enemy. I know she's all about... Okay, she loves arc enemy as well. But like, I think I love her more than you do. Like, you have to play for me. It's like, I love them now. Like, I'm just like, yo-hoo. I love to miss your arc. Right, now we have Steve Anthony. He says, now, great show, guys. Loving the playlist. Let's keep rocking. You're welcome, you're welcome. Let's do that, right? Let's do that. Now, we have K-Stan's Lavin.  He says, it's Paul from Thika. Loving Rock 354. Play for me, motionless in white, eternally yours. We actually love you for being on the TL. We appreciate you, K-Stan. Keep watching the show. Right, and then we have, right. Her name is, okay. No, actually it's Hal Achar, I'm an Aka. Is it Achar or Aka, I'm not sure. You say Char. Yes? A-C-H-A-R. Yeah. I know that guy. Oh, it's a Char. The Mountain Family Friends, they're Char. Yeah, you should show him, okay. Used to be in high school, Pomorja. Is it Cheetah or Silas? Okay, they're brothers. That's Cheetah. Hal Achar. Huh? Hal. Hal Achar. Yeah. Okay, that one I'm not so sure about. I know Pete and Silas. All right, maybe he's just, maybe, I don't know, maybe he's just a, I'm treating him, you know. Some people just change names for T-Rex stuff. But he's saying, this show is dope. I'm new here. Please play for me, Bad Liar by Imagine Dragons, or My Blood by 21. How about it? That's Mr. Popman. That's what I just called.  Pop Simba. Oh, so what do you feel? What do you feel? Oh, but then you have to, this guy is like, the guy. When he comes to the social media, he never miss a show. I'll be sure to talk to you again in the film. He's always tuned in, always repping team. Why to perform? We appreciate you. Thank you so much for watching the show. And we have many more people. I'll keep shouting you out. Bakita, I'm going to say my MCR. You know, we'll keep shouting you out. Bakita, stop hating on poppers. Pop music is cool. Pop music is cool. It's cool. This is a pop feel. Jesus, this is a dutry. Oh, come on. Really, really, come on. Come on, come on. That's not pop. It's a pop coming your way. But now, he's got, you're talking about, you know, finding a balance between work and your personal life. And it's not just work. I was talking about work and even school, even those guys. And then we have guys who are in school. They are working and they are still, like, you know, they have fami's. When they're growing up, it was a trap. Like, really? Growing up was a trap. I'm like, we shouldn't have grown up. Of course, growing up becomes a lot of responsibilities. You get up because of school, you have to work. You have, you know, to attend to your friends' events. You have to support. Like, it's a lot. And you still need to sleep. You know how sleep is valuable? Yeah, I'm stomach. You know stomach. We are not going to sleep with stomach. They say, like, when you're growing up here, they're like, go to bed. We're going to sleep with Lala. Lala, you don't want to do this to me. No, I'm just like, I just want 20 minutes. Please, just give me 20 minutes to sleep. I just need 20. Lala, no. You've got to wake up. Go hustle. You have to go hustle. Now, for me, you know, I was thinking, this whole thing, it's very easy to find a balance, by the way. So, what you're supposed to do, you need to find, for you to find a balance, you have to find a way to manage your time. Because time management is everything. Whether you are at home or at the office, it's critical to make use of your time efficiently.  Like a notebook with events, like they know. Like, Monday, I'm doing this and this and this, and that's it. They don't do improv, like, it's just random. Yo, what's up? Can we go check this? No, no, no, I didn't plan to do that. They plan ahead. No flexibility? No, you plan ahead. It's a problem, man. And then you have to set out priorities. What's priority to you and what's not? Is it a must for me to go out tonight? Yeah, it is. Do I have to? If I really don't have to, then you can do a home and sleep. Find that sleep.  Which one is more important? Both. Yeah. No, that is a mistake we are making. We decided to go for a wedding for two hours. Yes, yes, yes, yes. I love to go for a wedding. But the time we get home, it's 12 o'clock at night. You know, I think I mean that can be who we say, although I also sleep a lot. But who we say, man, is like, sleeping is result for the six by four. Uh-huh. Yeah. When you hit the six by four, you'll sleep. What does that mean? Six by four. Yeah. It's the coffin. All right. We'll sleep when you're dead. No, not getting enough sleep gets you there faster. That's a tunnel, I mean. Though, there was a research, though, was this out, um, recently. They said, uh, women need to sleep for six hours, men need to sleep for four hours. If you're sleeping anything more than that, it could actually kill you. Really?   Now, it turns out, sleeping too much. Sleep.  If you go all the way out, you better sleep, man. Sleep. Now they're saying, I'm sleeping too much.  There's nothing like sleeping too much. La la, la la. No, but the point is, if you find a balance, know what's priority. And then you still need to take care of yourself, you know. Find that time you can go for a fashion show. You can go to school. Yeah, go to your nails. Yeah. You know. Money here, the pedicure. Uh-huh. Once a month, a piece. You know, you're walking for yourself. You find that you're walking for other people, like you walk, and then all your money is for your kids, for your parents, for this. And then you don't think about yourself. Yeah, you don't find. All your money will be for your kids, your parents. And it's your money. That's what I'm saying. I'm saying, you find that you take care of those around you. You forget about yourself. Not selling balance, yeah. Yeah, so you need to find a way to balance. Teach yourself. You've worked hard. You deserve them, man. Just take time out. Just a day, two days off. Go, end up learning Vasha. Hashtag, tembeakanya, you know. Go to Masayimara, just for the weekend. Just chill, you know. You need to unwind. It's important. And then one thing you realize also, when it comes to the 254. Not just the 254, like in Africa. You find that most workplaces, they have like, how do you call it? Like, what are you supposed to leave work? They sort of are, leave, yeah. How can I forget leave, yes. It's leaving. So you're given a leave. But leave, most times it comes in. And then you're like, yeah, that's what I'm talking about. It comes in. And then they're like, what does it do? So they'll give you leave for like a month. And then they're like, OK. So if you don't take your leave, we'll pay you twice. So you're thinking, Masayimara, I'm 5K. If I don't, if I go home, if I walk, I'm going to earn 10K. And I'm just 5K. I'm like, yo, let me just walk, you know. There's something called burnout. For those who think that. Yeah, but that's what I'm talking about. Because we found that in Western countries, people take vacations very seriously. They plan for family holidays. That's why they find a balance. You find that you're walking. There's actually like an insurance policy for vacations.  Do you do that? Hey, I have time off. Wow. Hey, you don't ask. I hope my voices are not to your jee. No, you put your, your, your, your voices. I'm not saying that I'm going to get my jee. If you're only 5K, you know, like you have a hundred jee. Yeah, if you don't go for vacations, you're like, yo, can do a lot with a hundred jee at once. You see the thing is they say balance. You're not going to go home, but I'm going to just cruise your leave. You don't have to go to Dubai, you know what I'm saying. You have to go to Dubai and Dubai. Okay, Dubai, Dubai is my place on my thing, but you need to go somewhere. Somewhere. Right, so just do that. Find time for yourself as well. Find time for work. When it's work time, work. And it's when it's your time to just lecture. Do that. Because we find that when you have a free time, we find ourselves working as well. Yeah, too much. Take time. Time for your family and friends. Okay, even me included. Not just you guys. That's what I mean. It's something I'm really strong in. You find that you're still doing that. There's a point when sometimes I find that I'm not getting time to promote, carry, promote, work. Yeah. I thank God for my job is just so cool. I know, your job is so cool. And his sign is everything. I don't know. The first time I met him, I don't even know how he knew. He was there and then he just read up to me. Yeah, he does not. I'm like, yo. You don't have to promote just so. They repeat you have to promote just so. He's like, hey. I know. I'm only seeing his daddy. No, it's the most amazing thing. He can't even speak, but he knows me. Like he just walked to me. He was binding and then he just hugged me. And then he was just like that. I was like, yo, that is the coolest thing. Yeah, so sometimes, yeah, I carry them to work just to get the balance. We love that. But now we have to talk about our battle of the bands because time is really running out. Yeah, ZBOTB. Yes. Now we have every single week we try to put, like we pick them against each other. Not in a bad way, we just want to know who do you prefer between two bands. You call it the battle of the band. So today is no different. We have Shine Down Against Godsmark. What? I know. OK, but I know my guys. Yeah, so we have Shine Down and Godsmark. Now for people, OK, let me just tell you a little bit. I'm not going to tell you everything, when were they born, all that new. I'm just going to give you a few, just two things about it, two, three things about them. And then you can all.


Good afternoon to one and all. I Priyanka Padmanabhan on behalf of our team would like to introduce our project the emulator 8051. Firstly we would like to thank Professor D.B. Patil for giving us this opportunity to work here this summer. We would also like to thank our mentor Dr. Madhuri Savant and our guide Mr. Pankaj Patil. I would like to introduce our team. We have Alekhya, Pryasi, Sumant, Sveksha and Anupam. Our project is an Android application that has been designed especially for the Akash tablet. It's aim is to make the understanding of embedded systems especially those of microcontrollers easy. This is the overview of our presentation. We start with the introduction. We then have the architecture of the 8051 microcontroller followed by the modeling of the microcontroller in our application, the modules of the application, the difficulties, a brief demonstration, conclusion, future scope and what we learnt. Now breaking down the term emulator 8051, an emulator is a software that imitates the behavior of one computer system on another. A microcontroller on the other hand is a single integrated circuit comprising of a processor, a memory core as well as IO peripherals. The microcontroller that we have used in our application is the 8051 belonging to the MC51 series. Our project is essentially a virtual platform which facilitates the user to build the circuit on the application to write the assembly code, execute the assembly code and view the results both in the form of animations as well as the internal registers of the microcontroller. Now what makes us think that our application is needed in the wild standard market today? The equipment which is currently available for emulators, simulators, oscilloscopes is so expensive that it's practically inaccessible to the students. Our application being free of cost is a good alternative to the use of real hardware. It involves the concepts of circuit designing, assembly coding as well as execution on a common platform. All of this are essential for any embedded designer. The animations that we have used also makes understanding much more easy. Now this is a brief description of the application of comprises of five modules. We have the workbench where the user can draw the circuits which he needs. We then have the assembly editor where the assembly code can be written. We have the internals 8051 where the contents of the internal registers of the microcontroller are displayed. We have a file menu which handles all the file handling operations and lastly help where the user can know more about the application as well as the 8051 microcontroller. Now let's get go into a little detail about the microcontroller itself. The 8051 is a single chip 8 bit microcontroller having 40 pins. It comprises of a read only memory of 4 kilobytes, a random access memory of 128 bytes. It has IO ports with programmable pins, timers, counters and serial data communication is also possible with this microcontroller. This is the pin description. As you can see the user has access to 4 ports. These ports can be configured to be input, output and they also have additional functionalities. This is the memory organization of the 8051. As I said earlier it has a RAM, ROM and external memory can also be added if needed. I now like to call upon Sveksha to continue with the implementation. Now I would be talking about the modeling of 8051. Firstly talking about the internal contents of 8051, up to 4kb of program instruction can be stored in the internal memory of the 8051. The 128 bytes of data memory is directly accessible by the instructions written by the user. Out of which 32 bytes are bit addressable by a subset of 8051 instruction. Further taking you to the software modeling of these hardware specifications. The 4kb ROM has been represented by a string array ROM of length 4096 units. The internal RAM of 128 bytes is represented by the first 128 units of a string array RAM which is of 256 unit length. Out of which the first 32 bytes represent the register banks. The next 16 bytes represent the bit addressable area and the last 80 bytes represent the general purpose area. The next 128 unit represent the special function registers such as ports, accumulators and register B and the program status word or PSW. The flags affected during the arithmetic operations of the program have been handled directly by the corresponding bit values of the PSW. Now before taking you to the first module of our application I would like to give you a gist of the workflow of the emulator. Entering into the application screen via launch screen and home screen we can see three basic modules. The first the workbench, the second the assembly editor and the third the internals 8051. The workbench provides an option to create the circuit, the assembly editor provides an option to assemble the code, both of both the modules provide the user with an option to perform file handling operations. Now talking about the very first module of our application which is the workbench. The workbench which is the very basic user interface of our application. This is how it looks. It has the 8051 microcontroller chip and the power timer and pull-up circuit already placed on the grid. To the right there is a panel which contains three buttons. The first to create the circuit. The second is the execute button which allows the user to run the experiment. The third is the oscilloscope button which pops in the graph if the user uses the digital to analog converter circuit. The workbench facilitates the user to perform different experiments with the help of different circuit interface that are provided in the circuit panel. These circuits are the seven segment display, the LED circuit, the stepper motor circuit and the digital to analog converter. The assembler updates the port values according to the assembly code that is written and the corresponding animation could be seen on the formulated circuit which is present on the workbench. For an instance the glow of the LED which is shown in this picture has been is depicted once the code corresponding to this has been written. Now, Preyasi will take you further to the next module. The next module of our application is assembly code editor. Before going to assembly code editor, I would like to give you a short description about assembly language and the assembler. So, what is assembly language? Assembly language is basically a low level language for a computer or other programmable device in which there exist a very strong relationship between the language and the architectures machine code instructions. Next and what is an assembler? This is basically a utility program which actually converts the assembly language into the executable machine code format. For example, the assembly code move a comma r 0 is converted into the binary format of triple 1 0 1 triple 0 to be understable by the hardware. Now, coming into the world of hardware what user faces when he actually interacts with the 8051 microcontroller board. User has to write the exact opcode. He has to embed the opcode into the into the microcontroller board and then he has to execute the code in order to see the outputs in the external devices connected. But in our application we are providing the user with a facility in which he is able to write the direct assembly code so that the difficulty of memorizing all the opcodes is reduced. This is the basic user interface for our assembly editor in which the assembly workspace is a text area. The user writes the assembly code and taps on the assemble button. The editor we are providing is capable of detecting errors. The code is the code is compiled line by line and the opcodes are fetched and it saved in the corresponding memory addresses of the microcontroller. If the code contains any error the all the line numbers containing error are shown in the lockcat module next. And if the code is error free the user is intimated with the message compiled successfully which is shown in the lockcat module as well as the ROM contents and the memory uses area is updated which shows the total memory uses. In our application we have implemented the concept of two pass assembler in order to avoid the difficulty of finding the label addresses which is basically depends on the user. For case of branch instructions the sequence of execution is changed from one part of the code to the another that is why we have implemented the concept of two pass assembler. Now I would like to call upon Suman to continue further. Now I am going to present you the one of the module of a project that is internals 8051. This is the layout of the internals 8051 module and we can see the type of registers where the memory content is stored. And this interface usually displays the internal memory content of the RAM. After assembling the code the registers in the form of string variables read the updated values during the execution of the program and display it in the form of hexadecimal. And in this internals 8051 module we have the type of registers there CPU registers, general purpose registers, data pointers, ports, timers and interrupts. Now going to the specific functionality of each registers the CPU registers usually store the arithmetic and logic units. The general purpose registers store the variables and some other data useful for the microcontroller. And this data pointers allow the 8051 to access external memory. And this ports access to transfer the input and output data for the microcontroller. And on moving to the next module that is help menu. It acts as a guide for the user on how to use this application and very basics of the 8051 microcontroller and some list of experiments. And this module usually consists of three submenus they are user manual, about 8051 and the experiment list. By moving to the user manual it gives the complete information to the user on how to use this application and it gives the specific functionality of each and every specific button in which we used in this application. And as moving to the about 8051 it gives the very basic information about the 8051 microcontroller that sits architecture, its interfaces with different circuits and the assembly instructions. And the experiments list consists of some experiments for the user so that he can perform these experiments on a workbench and can see the animated output here. Now like I would call upon I like you to continue the presentation. I'm here to tell you about the file handling part implemented in this application. It provides the user the options to create a new project, save the project, delete the project and open the previously saved project. On tapping the new button the circuit and code both get cleared providing the user a new workspace. On tapping the save button the user can save the circuit and code. This is done by saving two files in a folder. They are the circuit.sch and the code.asm. Circuit.sch is a schematic file which saves the IDs of the circuit. For example, here 1200 says that LED circuit is connected on port zero and code.asm file will have the text written by the user. On tapping the open button a list view of project saved before will be appeared and on single click the experiment will be loaded. On long click the option to delete will be appearing. Moving ahead in the development of this application, we have faced some difficulties. The one of the thing is to deal with the jump instructions when the labels are used by the user. For this we have implemented the concept of two pass assembler which on its first pass gets the labels, stores them and on the second pass it will give the memory address to the labels. And we had a problem to the simultaneous execution of the code and showing the animations on the canvas. For this we have implemented the timer class in Java which runs on UI thread which invalidate the canvas. And we thought of using the SVG images for the animation, but it was a difficulty to change the XML of SVG images during the run time. So, we had to use the PNG images for the circuits and animations are done on the canvas. I will go ahead by showing the demonstration. Launching the application emulator 8051. This is the splash screen which will lead us to the tab which have two tabs the introduction and the about us. Introduction gives a brief introduction about the 8051 emulator and about us tells about the information about the developers. On introduction tab we have two buttons take a tour and start. On clicking start the main workbench will be loaded and on take a tour a video which will show the usage of the application is provided. Now, I will be showing the video. This is the introduction please and on clicking the start button the workbench is loaded where we have the button to create the circuit. On clicking the create circuit we have the four of four ports. Here are the options to select the circuits and on clicking on the LED circuit it is selected. On clicking the build button the circuit is loaded on the workbench. Going to editor to write the assembly code. Here the instruction which is written will be move P0, hash phi h. After the instruction is written the user will be assembling the instruction by clicking the assemble button where he can see the message and the contents. Going back to workbench to see the animations. Clicking on the execute button you can see the output that LEDs glow. And on internal 8051 he can see the register contents changing. On opening the drawer for the file handling operations. For save he can save the experiment both the circuit and the code. The open and new buttons are also provided. And the other tab is help. Where he can get the three documents user manual about 8051 and the experiments list. Now I will be demonstrating a simple experiment of glowing LEDs alternately. Where the microcontroller is placed and clock reset and pull up circuits are also placed which trigger the microcontroller. The three buttons create circuit execute and oscilloscope can be seen. On clicking the create circuit button there is a circuit panel where we can select the circuits on different ports. On port 2 I will be selecting the LED circuit and on clicking build the circuit is placed. Going to editor to write the assembly code. The instruction is move A comma hash 20 h. This sends accumulator the value 20 and then main is a label which I will be using later for loops. It is move P2 comma hash 55 h which will enable the orbits of the port 2 and then NOP instruction for some delay. It is no operation instruction and move P2 comma hash AAH. This will enable the even bits of the port 2 and then I will be decrementing A. Yes sir. I want to show. Then yes sir we will be doing that also. It is Jnz main. Then on assemble button I have got an error that we have an error in line number 4. So I will be correcting it. Then on assemble I can see the message that compiles successfully the ROM usage and the ROM contents. Going back to workbench to execute the circuit. On clicking execute button we can see the LED is glowing alternately and on internal side 051 we can see the port 2 value updating dynamically. I will be now showing some other experiment that I have already saved earlier. In this experiment we can see that on port 0 we have a stepper motor circuit and on port 1 we have 7 segment display circuit. In this experiment we will see as the stepper motor rotates the 7 segment displays the direction of motion that is it displays C in case of clockwise motion and A in case of anti-clockwise. This is the corresponding code in the editor. Here we can here we will be rotating the stepper motor 5 times in clockwise direction and 5 times in anti-clockwise direction. When I assemble this code and run this we can see that the stepper motor is rotating first clockwise and now anti-clockwise. The corresponding values of internals are like this. Now I will show one more experiment. Here we will be generating a rectangular signal. This is the corresponding code for the same. When I assemble and run this on the oscilloscope we can see that the rectangular signal is being generated. That is in the demo section. Moving ahead. All these modules were integrated together to give the user a feel of real lab in a virtual environment. The level of user interactivity was done so that it gives user a better understanding of the 8051 microcontroller. Since it's a virtual lab basically it eliminates the cost of hardware requirement hence the cost is not an issue. While building this application we face a number of difficulties and a few challenges were handled and some are listed in this as a future scope of the project. The first one is making it executable for closed loop systems. Next is serial communication and external interrupts can also be included. From the workbench perspective a greater variety of circuits can also be made available to the user. Next is an option of coding through a C compiler can be provided. And lastly we can give an option of automatic generation of reports once the user is done with this experiment. Moving ahead. Now what we learn from this whole internship. Firstly is the android development. We all of us learn the android application building from a Hello World program to this application where we use a number of functionalities like the tab host menu, the timers, the UI threads. Then we also had sliders, we had animations on the canvas and lots more. Then we also understood the assembly programming in a better way. Since we not only use those assembly instructions but also we the since we need to build a assembler the parsing of those instructions is also done. Next is the teamwork. We all understood that the need of working in a team in a better way and also how to manage our time well. And lastly the document methodology that we followed helps us to understand the UML modeling and also the convention that we should follow while making a document. Very nice work. In fact I happen to be in a BLSI short-term course yesterday at father et al. And there were about 40-50 faculty members who come from various colleges and I was talking about a software that we had and everybody wanted to have a microcontroller simulation which is precisely what you have done. Apparently this is used in all BE projects. So all the electronics people are very keen on this. First of all what is your background? Are you CS people, IT people, electronics people? Mix. So you have all. So it's very nice. I would like to explore how difficult it is to add this you know this feature to something like let's say key CAD. Are you familiar with key CAD or ng-spice? Is it easy or difficult? What do you think? Assembler should be in key CAD and key review C programming. So it is doable? Yes. The corresponding assembler we have to do. So you have an emulator? I mean assembler is available? Yes. It is already available or you created the assembler also? To interpret all the... 255 instance. Very good. Select. What is the limitation currently? Because your emulator would have internally allocated sub-memory to hold instructions and so on. So what is the longest program for example which I can write? The ROM is a 4kb and if you want you can add external memory also but in emulator we didn't provide it. So up to 4kb? Yes sir. How have you tested that all 8051 instructions are properly executed? So we have tested every instruction. Every instruction individually. Does your report contain the test report as well? No. So it is interesting to know how you tested them. Can you comment on let's say just one instruction and how did you test it? So manually testing every instruction. So the answer is not what we are supposed to get and try to analyze what we were doing wrong and then after we did the changes we again tested the instruction that we got from the first time to check it again. That is because you can observe the register contents and everything after everything. So you have made sure that the emulator behaves exactly like what in 8051. Yes sir. We have reported all instructions. Although the output were available so we can always verify with us if the instructions are being passed properly. Good. So let's give them a big hand. I would just like to make one comment. Kannan asked that are you from electronics are you from computer science? So they are from a mixed breed. However when later on Professor Kannan was asking some additional question on integrating it with this or this you could see two or three people in the team were very comfortable but the others had not heard of those terms. They are probably CS guys. IT. Okay. Now this is a very very important point that all of you have to remember. In days ahead and this was I think universally to always but more important now most of the problems that you will solve in real life will be interdisciplinary in some way or the other. The tragedy of existing education system is that you are here to learn things only in a specific area almost at the cost of exclusion of everything else. This was not so traditionally in engineering education. Everybody was trained to be fundamentally a good engineer which means that basic knowledge of all the branches of engineering as known then was required to be taught and learned by every student and then of course you specialize in your topic. With the completion of five year program to four year program and with enormously large amount of knowledge getting added to every branch this has not been possible. There are for example computer science students and there would be amongst you who have no clue on hardware. Am I right? Can you raise your hands if you are not comfortable with hardware? Many of you. Feel free yeah. There's no harm in admitting that. But I want to tell you that that will not work in future to the best of your advantage. Now this is the time when you are in the college. This is the time when you keep your eyes and ears open. One of the reasons for such projects is that a group of people participate and that group then entirely comes to known integrity of all other related topics. That is one of the reasons why I want all of you to listen very attentively to what is going on. So that you will you may not learn everything about the other field but you will know how that learning has to be acquired and how work needs to be done joint. Just to give you an example Professor Kannan who was confidently asking them about interfacing this to that to that. You might all believe he's a professor of electrical engineering. He is not. He's a professor of chemical engineering. He actually has a chemical engineering degree from IIT Madras. Of course subsequently he cheated and acquired an electrical engineering degree from Rice University. See he is more like a control systems person but because of his strong chemical engineering background he can talk very authoritatively of all kinds of controls which are required in chemical engineering and in general in other. So I would like all of you to remember this. Never ever underestimate the need and importance of knowledge in other areas which you might not have formally studied but it's absolutely important. Look at the earlier project you know optics for example all of us have forgotten without learning and mastering the specific optics part they would not have done what they have done. So that is another requirement that you should be able to do. Thank you so much.