Book 1 of the History of Britain. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org, recording by Thomas Copeland. The History of Britain by John Milton. Book 1. The History of Britain, that part especially now called England. From the first traditional beginning continued to the Norman conquest, collected out of the ancient and best authors thereon, published from a copy corrected by the author himself, first published in the year 1670. The first book. The beginning of nations, those accepted of whom sacred books have spoken, is to this day unknown. Nor only the beginning, but the deeds also of many succeeding ages, yay, periods of ages, are either wholly unknown, or obscured and blemished with fables. Whether it were that the use of letters came in long after, or were it the violence of barbarous inundations, or they themselves at certain revolutions of time fatally decaying and degenerating into slow-thin ignorance, whereby the monuments of more ancient civility have been some destroyed, some lost, perhaps to esteem and contempt of the public affairs then present, as not worth recording, might partly be in cause. Certainly often times we see that wise men and a best ability have foreborn to write the acts of their own days, while they beheld with a just loathing and disdain not only how unworthy, how perverse, how corrupt, but often how ignoble, how petty, how below all history the persons and their actions were, who either by fortune or some rude election had attained, as a sword judgment and ignominy upon the land, to have the chief sway in managing the commonwealth. But that any law or superstition of our philosophers that drew it forbade the Britons to write accounts of their own memorable deeds, I know not why any person should out of Caesar's commentaries eledge. He indeed said that the doctrine they thought not lawful to commit to letters, but in most matters elths, both private and public, among which well may history be reckoned, they used the Greek term, and that the British Druids, who taught those in Gaul, should have been ignorant of any language that was known and used by the disciples, or that when they were so frequently employed in writing other things and were so inquisitive into the highest subjects, they would, for want of recording events, continue to be ever children in the knowledge of times and ages, is not likely. But whatever might be the reason of it, this we find, that of British affairs from the first peopleing of the island to the coming of Julius Caesar, nothing certain, either by tradition, history, or ancient fame hath hitherto been left us. At which we have of oldest seeming hath, by the greater part of judicious antiquaries, been long rejected as being only a modern fable. Nevertheless, there being others besides the first supposed author, and these too may not unread nor unlearned in antiquity, who admit that for a proved story which the former explode for fiction, and seeing that oft times relations here to fore counted fabulous, have been afterwards found to contain in them many footsteps and relics of something true, as what we read in poets of the flood and giants was little believe, till undoubted witnesses taught us that all of it was not famed. I have therefore determined to bestow the telling over even of these reputed tales, be it for nothing else but in favor of our English poets and rhetoricians, who by their art will know how to use them judiciously. I might also produce examples as deodoris among the Greeks, Livy and others among the Latins, and Polador and Verunius, who are accounted among our own writers, but I intend not with controversies and quotations to delay or interrupt the smooth course of the history, much less to argue and debate long who were the first inhabitants of this island and with what probabilities and what authorities each opinion have been upheld, but shall endeavor to do that which either to have been needed most, that is, with plain and lights and brevity, to relate well and in good order things worth the noting, so as they may best instruct and benefit those who read them, which imploring divine assistance that it may redound to his glory and the good of the British nation, I now begin, that the whole earth was inhabited before the flood and to the utmost point of habitable ground from those effectual words of God in the creation may be more than conjectured. Hence, that this island also had her dwellers, her affairs and perhaps her written histories, even in that old world, those many hundred years before the flood, with much reason we may infer. After the flood and the dispersing of nations as they journeyed leisurely from the east, Gomer, the eldest son of Javit, and his offspring, as by authorities, arguments and affinity of diverse names as generally believed, were the first that peopled all these western and northern climes. But those of our own writers who thought they had done nothing unless with all circumstances they tell us when and who they were who first set foot upon this island, presumed to name out of fabulous and counterfeit authors a certain Samothus, or dis, a fourth or sixth son of Javit, whom they make about 200 years after the flood, to have planted with colonies. First the continent of Celtica, or Gaul, and next this island. Thence to have named it Samothia, to have reigned here, and after him the nearly four kings, Megas, Saren, Druis, and Bardas. But the forged barosus, whom only they have to cite, nowhere mentions that either he or any of those whom they bring did ever pass into Britain, or send their people hither. So that this outlandish figment may easily excuse our not allowing it the room here so much as of a British fable. That which follows, perhaps as wide from truth, though seeming less impertinent, is that these Samothians under the reign of Bardas were subdued by Albion, a giant son of Neptune, who called the island after his own name, and ruled it 44 years. Till at length, passing over into Gaul, in aid of his brother Lestergan, against whom Hercules was hasting out of Spain into Italy, he was there slain in fight, and Bergen also his brother. Sure enough we are that Britain had been anciently termed Albion, both by the Greeks and Romans, and Mila, the geographer, makes mention of a stony shore in Langerdog, where by report such a battle was fought. The rest, as his giving name to the isle, or even landing here, depends altogether upon late surmises. But too absurd, and too unconscionably gross, is that fond invention that wafted hither the fifty daughters of a strange Diocletian king of Syria, brought in doubtless by some illiterate pretender with something mistaken in the common poetical story of Daneus, king of Argos, while his vanity, not pleased with the obscure beginning which truest antiquity affords the nation, labored to contrive us a pedigree, as he thought, more noble. These daughters, after having by the appointment of their father Daneus murdered on the night of their marriage all their husbands, except Linceus, whom his wife's loyalty saved, were by Linceus at the suit of his wife, their sister, not put to death, but turned out to see in a ship unmanned, of which whole sex they had incurred the hate, and, as the tale goes, they were driven on this island, where the inhabitants, who were none but devils, as some write, or as others, a lawless crew left here by Albion, without head or governor, both entertained them and had issue by them a second breed of giants, who tyrannized the isle till Brutus came. The eldest of these dames in a legend, they called Albina, and from thence, for which cause the whole seam was framed, will have the name Albion derived. Incredible it may seem that so sluggish a conceit should prove so ancient, as to be authorized by the elder Ninius, who is reputed to have lived above a thousand years ago. This, however, I find not in him, but he relates that Histian, sprung of Japheth, had four sons, Frankus, Romanus, Alaminus, and Pritto, of whom the Britons were the descendants, which, it says true, I believe, as that those other nations, whose names are resembled, came of the other three. If these dreams give not justification to call and doubt the book itself, which bears that title. Here, too, the things themselves have given us a warrantable dispatch to run them soon over, but now, of Brutus and his line, with the whole progeny of kings to the entrance of Julius Caesar, we cannot so easily be discharged. Descensive ancestry long continued, laws and exploits not plainly seeming to be borrowed or devised, which on the common belief have no small impression, being defended by many, denied utterly by few. For what, though Brutus and the whole trojan pretence were yielded up, seeing they who first devised to bring us from some noble ancestor were content at first with Brutus the first consul of Rome after the expulsion of Tarquinius of Pervas, till better invention, although not willing to forego the name of Brutus, taught them to remove it higher into a more fabulous age, and by the same remove, lighting on the trojan tales in affectation to make the Britain of one original with the Roman, pitched there. Yet that of those old and inborn names of successive kings of this island, never any should have been real persons or have done in their lives at least some part of what so long that's been related of them, cannot be absolutely concluded without too great a degree of incredulity. For these, and those causes above mentioned, that which hath received deprivation from so many, I have chosen not to admit. Certain or uncertain, be that upon the credit of those whom I must follow. So far as it keeps aloof from impossible and absurd and is attested by ancient writers from books more ancient, I refuse not to relate it as being the due and proper subject of story. The principal author of these disputed facts is well known to be Geoffrey of Mamma. What he was, and whence his authority, who in his age or before him have delivered the same matter, and such like general discourses, will better stand in a treatise by themselves. All of them agree in this, that Brutus was the son of Silveus, he of Ascanius, whose father was Ineus, a Trojan Prince, who at the burning of that city, with his son Ascanius and a collected number of his countrymen, that escaped from that destruction, took refuge on board a small fleet of ships and abandoned their native country in search of another settlement. And after long wandering on the sea arrived in Italy, where at length, by the assistance of Latinus, king of Laceum, who had given him his daughter Lavinia in marriage, he prevailed against his enemies and at length succeeded Latinus in that kingdom and left it to his son Ascanius, whose son Silveus, though Roman historians deny Silveus to be son of Ascanius, had secretly married a niece of Lavinia without the consent or knowledge of Ascanius. But sometime after this marriage, the wife of Silveus, becoming pregnant, the matter became known to Ascanius, and he then commanded his magicians to inquire by their art of what sex the offspring now conceived by the maid would prove at its birth to be, to which inquiry the magicians made answer that it was such a child as should be the cause of the death of both its parents, and further that after he should for so doing have been banished from his country, he should in a far country obtain the highest honor. And this prediction failed not to be accomplished, for its mother died in child bed, and the child, who was a boy and named Brutus, when he was 15 years of age, attending his father to the chase with an arrow unfortunately killed him. In consequence of this unhappy event, this young man was banished by his kindred from his native country and retired into Greece. In that part of it, which had formerly been subject to Peleus, the father of the celebrated warrior Achilles, but was then governed by a king named Pandrasus, and there took up his abode, where he met with a great number of persons who, like himself, were descended from Trojan ancestors. For after the taking of Troy by the Grecian army, Peleus, the son of Achilles, who was present at that great event, in revenge for his father's death, who had been slain there a little before, took prisoner Hellenus, one of King Prime's sons, together with other Trojans of distinction, and carried them and their families away with him to Greece, in a state of servitude, from whom there was descended a numerous posterity, when young Brutus took refuge among them. And amongst these descendants, from the same common ancestors with himself, the young man soon distinguished himself so much by his valor and activity and capacity for military undertakings, that he became an object of the respect and admiration of the kings and great captains of the age, above all the youth of that country, whereby the Trojans not only began to hope but secretly to move him that he would lead them the way to liberty. They alleged their numbers and the promised help of Asaricus, a noble Greekish youth, who was by the mother's side a Trojan, and whom for that cause his brother went about to dispossess of certain castles bequeathed to him by his father. Brutus, considering both the forces offered him and the strength of those holds or castles, not unwillingly consents. First, therefore, having fortified those castles, he, with Asaricus and the whole multitude, betake them to the woods and hills, as the safest place from which to expostulate. And in the name of all, he sends to Pendrasus this message, that the Trojans, holding it to be acting in a manner unworthy of their ancestors for them to continue in a state of servitude in a foreign kingdom, had retreated to the woods, choosing rather a savage life than a slavish. If that displeased him, the desire that then, with his leave, they might depart to some other soil. As this may pass with good allowance that the Trojans might be many in these parts, for Hellenus was by Pyrrhus, made king of the Kaonians, and the sons of Pyrrhus, by Andromache Hector's wife, could not but be powerful through all Epirus. So much the more it may be doubted how these Trojans could be thus in bondage, where they had friends and countrymen so potent. But to examine these things with diligence were but to confute the fables of Britain with the fables of Greece or Italy. For of this age what we have to say as well concerning most other countries as this island is equally liable to doubt. Be how it will, Pendrasus, not expecting so bold a message from the sons of Captives, gathers an army, and marching toward the woods, Brutus, who had noticed his approach nigh to a town called Sporotinum, I know not what town, but certainly of no Greek name, overnight planting himself there with good part of his men, suddenly sets upon him, and with slaughter of the Greeks pursues him to the passage of a river, which my unauthor names Acolyne, meaning perhaps Acolyus or Acheron, where at the fore he overlays them afresh. This victory obtained and a sufficient strength left in Sporotinum, Brutus with Antigonus, the king's brother, and his friend Anacletus, whom he had taken in the fight, returns to the residue of his friends in the thick woods. While Pendrasus, with all speed recollecting his scattered troops, besieges the town. Brutus, to relieve his men besiege, to earnestly call him, distrusting the sufficiency of his force, bethinks himself of this policy. He calls to him Anacletus, and, threatening instant death else, both to him and his friend Antigonus, enjoins him that he should go at the second hour of night to the Greekish legra, and tell the guards he had brought Antigonus by stealth out of prison to a certain woody veil, enable through the weight of his fetters to move him further, and treating them to come speedily and fetch him in. Anacletus, to say both himself and his friend Antigonus, swears this, and, at a fit hour, sets on alone toward the camp. He is met, examined, and at last unquestionably known. To whom great profession of fidelity first made, he frames his tail, as had been taught him, and they now, fully assured with the credulous rashness leaving their stations, fared accordingly by the ambush that there awaited them. Fourthwith, Brutus, dividing his men into three parts, leads on in silence to the camp, commanding first each part at a several place to enter, and for their execution, till he, with his squadron possessed of the king's tent, gave signal to them by trumpet. The sound whereof is no sooner heard, but huge havoc begins upon sleeping and unguarded enemy, whom the besieged, also now sallying forth, on the other side to sail. Brutus the while had special care to seize and secure the king's person, whose life, he being still within his custody, he knew was the surest pledge to obtain what he should demand. Day appearing, he enters the town, there distributes the king's treasury, and, leaving the place better fortified, returns with the king his prisoner to the woods. Straight, the ancient and grave man he summons to council, to consider what they should now demand of the king. After long debate, memprisious, one of the gravest, utterly dissuading them from thought of longer stay in Greece, unless they meant to be deluded with a subtle peace and the awaited revenge of those whose friends they had slain, advises them to demand, first the king's eldest daughter, Inugin, in marriage to their leader, Brutus, with a rich dowry, next shipping, money, and fit provision for them all to depart the land. This resolution pleasing best, the king, now brought in and placed in a high seat, is briefly told that on these conditions granted he might be free, not granted he must prepare to die. Pressed with the fear of death, the king readily yields, especially to bestow his daughter on whom he confessed so noble and so valiant, offers them also the third part of his kingdom if they like to stay, if not to be their hostage himself till he had made good his word. The marriage therefore solemnized, and shipping from all parts got together, the Trojans in a fleet no less written than three hundred four and twenty sail, but take them to the wide sea, where with a prosperous course, two days and a night, bring them on a certain island long before dispeopled and left waste by sea rovers. The name were of was then the Ogisha, now unknown. They who were sent out to discover, came at length to a ruined city, where was a temple and image of Diana that gave oracles, but not meeting first to last with any creatures save wild beasts, they returned with this notice to their ships, wishing their general would inquire of that oracle what voyage to pursue. Consultation had, Brutus, taking with him Gerion, his diviner, and twelve of the ancientists, with wondered ceremonies before the inward shrine of the goddess, in verse as it seems the manner was, utters his request, Diva potens, Nemoran, etc. Goddess of shades and huntress, who at will walked on the ruling sphere and through the deep, on thy third reign the earth looked now, and tell what land, what seat of rest thou bidst we seek, what certain seat where I may worship thee for a, with temples vowed and virgin choirs, to whom, sleeping before the altar, Diana in a vision that night thus answered, Brute, sub-okasum, solace, etc. Brutus, far to the west, in the ocean wide, beyond the realm of Gaul, a land there lies, sea-girt it lies where giants dwell to vote, now void it fits thy people, thither bend thy course, there shall thou find a lasting seat, there to thy sons another Troy shall rise, and kings be born of thee, whose dreaded might shall all the world and conquer nations bold. These verses were originally Greek and were put into Latin Sethbaroneus by Gildus, a British poet whom he supposes to have lived unto the Roman emperor Claudius, which, if granted true, adds much to the antiquity of this fable, and indeed the Latin verses are much better than for the age of Geoffrey up Arthur, unless perhaps Joseph of Exeter, who was the only smooth poet of those times befriended him. In this answer Diana overshot her oracle, thus ending, ipsis totius teri, sub-ditus orbus errant, that to the race of Brute, kings of this island, the whole earth shall be subject. But Brutus, guided now as he thought by divine conduct, speeds him towards the west, and after some encounters on the Afric side, arrives at a place on the Tyrin Sea, where he happens to find the race of those Trojans who, with Antonor, came into Italy, and Carinius, a man much famed, was the chief, though by sure authors it be reported that those Trojans with Antonor were seated on the other side of Italy on the Adriatic, not on the Tyrin shore. But these, joining company, and past the Herculian pillars at the mouth of Ligius in Aquitania, cast anchor, where, after some discovery made of the place, Carinius, hunting nigh the shore with his men, is by messengers of the king Gopharius, Pictus, met, and questioned about his errand there. Who not answering to their mind, Imbertus, one of them, lets fly an arrow at Carinius, which he avoiding slays him, and the Pictavian himself, here upon levying his whole force, is overthrown by Brutus and Carinius, the latter of whom, with the battle axe which he was one to manage against the Tyrin giants, is said to have done marvels. But Gopharius, having drawn to his aid the whole country of Gaul, at that time governed by twelve kings, puts his fortune to a second trial, wherein the Trojans, overborn by multitude, are driven back and besieged in their own camp, which by good foresight was strongly situate. When Brutus unexpectedly issuing out, and Carinius in the meanwhile, whose device it was, assaulting them behind from the wood, where he had conveyed his men the night before, the Trojans are again victors. But with the loss of Turon, a valued nephew of Brutus, whose ashes left in that place gave name to the city of Tur, built there by the Trojans. Brutus, finding now his powers much lessened, and thinking this yet not the place foretold him, leaves Aquitaine, and with an easy course arriving at Totnes in Devonshire, quickly perceives here to be the promised end to his labours. The island, not yet called Britain, but Albion, was in a manner desert and inhospitable, kept only by a remnant of giants, whose excessive force and tyranny had consumed the rest of the people. These giants Brutus destroys, but to his people divides the land, which with some reference to his own name he then forecalled Britain. To Carinius, Cornwall, as he now call it, fell by lot. The rather by him liked for the hugest giants in rocks and caves were said to lurk still there. Which kind of monsters to deal with was his old exercise. And here, with leave bespoken to recite a grand fable, though dignified by our best poets, while Brutus on a certain festival day solemnly kept on that shore, where he first landed, was with the people in great jollity and mirth, a crew of these savages breaking in upon them began on the sudden another sort of game than at such a meeting was expected. But at length, by many hands overcome, Goemmigog, the hugest in height twelve cubits, is reserved alive, that with him Carinius, who desired nothing more might try his strength, whom in a wrestle the giant catching a loft with a terrible hug broke three of his ribs. Nevertheless, Carinius, enraged, heaving him up by main force, and on his shoulders, bearing him to the next high rock, threw him headlong all shattered into the sea, and left his name on the cliff, called ever since, Goemmigog, which is to say the giant's lead. After this, Brutus, in a chosen place, builds Trojanova, changed in time to Trinovantum, now London, and began to enact laws, heli being then high priest in Judea. And having governed the whole isle twenty-four years, died, and was buried in his new Troy. His three sons, Lucrine, Albanact, and Camber, divide the land by consent. Lucrine has the middle part, Loegria. Camber possessed Cambria, or Wales. Albanact Albania, now Scotland. But he, in the end, by Humber, king of the Huns, who with the fleet invaded that land, was slain in fight, and his people drove back into Loegria. Lucrine and his brother go out against Humber, who now marching onward was by them defeated, and in a river drowned, which to this day retains his name. Among the spoils of his camp and navy were found certain young maids and estrudists, above the rest passing fair, the daughter of a king in Germany. From whence Humber, as he went wasting the sea coast, had led her captive, whom Lucrine, though before contracted to the daughter of Carinius, resolved to marry. By being forced and threatened by Carinius, whose authority and power he feared, he yields to marry Gwendolyn, his daughter, but in secret loves the other, and oftentimes retiring as to some private sacrifice, the vaults and passages made underground, and seven years, thus enjoying her, had by her a daughter equally fair, whose name was Sabra. But when once his fear was off, by the death of Carinius, not content with secret enjoyment, divorcing Gwendolyn, he makes estrudists now his queen. Gwendolyn, all in a rage, departs into Cornwall, where Madame, the son she had by Lucrine, was hitherto brought up by Carinius, his grandfather, and gathering an army of her father's friends and subjects gives battle to her husband by the river Stur, wherein Lucrine, shot with an arrow, ends his life. But not so ends the fury of Gwendolyn. For estrudists and her daughter, Sabra, she throws into a river, and to leave a monument of revenge, proclaims that the stream be thenceforth called after the damsel's name, which by length of time is changed now to Sabrina, or Sabra. Fifteen years she governs in behalf of her son, then, resigning to him at age, retires to her father's dominion. This, set my author, was in the days of Samuel. Madden hath the praise to have well and peacefully ruled the space of forty years, leaving behind him two sons, Memprisius and Malin. Memprisius had first to do with the ambition of his brother, aspiring to share with him in the kingdom, whom therefore at a meeting to compose matters, with a treachery which his cause needed not, he slew. Nor was he better in the sole possession thereof, so ill could he endure a partner, for he afterwards killed his nobles, and those especially next to succeed him, till, at last, being given over to unnatural lust. In the twentieth year of his reign, hunting in a forest, he was devoured by wolves. His son Ebronc, a man of mighty strength and stature, reigned forty years. He first, after Brutus, invaded Gaul, and laid it waste, and returning rich and prosperous, built Carybronc, now York in Albania, and Alcud, Mount Agnid, or the castle of Madden's, now Edinburgh. He had twenty sons and thirty daughters by twenty wives, his daughters he sent to Silvius Alba into Italy, who bestowed them on his peers of the Trojan line. His sons, under the leading of a saracus, the brother, won them lands and senaries in Germany, which country has been thought by some persons to have been thence called Germania, or the land of brothers, the word Germanus in the Latin language being often used for a brother. But this derivation of the word Germany, as the name of the country, now so called, seems to have been too hastily adopted, as the time of these conquests of Ebronc and his sons of Germany seems to have been prior to the use of the word Geminus in the Latin tongue in the sense of the word brother, or even to the existence of the Latin language itself, such as we now have it in Plautus and Terence, and all posterior authors in it. Some writers, who have described the country of Hennault, as Jacobus Bergamas and Lesabius, are cited to affirm that Ebronc in his war there was by Brunschildus, Lord of Hennault, put to the worst. Brutus therefore, surnamed Green Shield, succeeding to repair his father's losses as the same Lesabius reports, fought a second battle in Hennault with Brunschildus at the mouth of Scaldus, and encamped on the river Hania, of which our Spencer also thus sings. Let Scaldus tell and let tell Hania, and let the marsh of Esthambruges tell what color were their waters that same day, and all the moor twixed Elvisham and Del, with blood of Hennalois, which therein fell. How oft that day did sad Brunschildus see the Green Shield died in Dolores for mail, etc. But Hennault and Brunschild and Green Shield seemed newer names than for a story pretended thus ancient. Him succeeded Leo, a maintainer of peace and equity, but slackened in his latter end, whence arose some civil discord. He built in the north, care Leo, and in the days of Solomon. Rudhudebras, or Hudebras, appeasing the commotions which his father could not, founded Kerkaint, or Canterbury, Kegwent, or Winchester, and Mount Palladour, now Sceptonia, or Shaftesbury. But this by others is contradicted. Rudhude, his son, built Kerberus, or Bath, and those medicinal waters he dedicated to Minerva, in whose temple there he kept fire continually burning. He was a man of great invention, and taught necromancy, till having made him wings to fly, he fell down upon the temple of Apollo in Trinivant, and so died after twenty years' reign. Hitherto, from father to son, the direct line had run on, but Leo, who next reigned, had only three daughters, and no male issue, governed laudably, and built Kerler, now Leicester, on the bank of Sauron. But at last, failing through age, he determined to bestow his daughters, and so among them to divide his kingdom. Yet first, to try which of them loved him best, a trial that might have made him, had he known as wisely how to try, as he seemed to know how much the trying behooved him, he resolved a simple resolution to ask them solemnly in order, and which of them should profess largest her to believe? Goneril, the eldest, apprehending too well her father's weakness, makes answer invoking heaven that she loved him above her soul. Therefore, quoth the old man, overjoyed, since thou so honorest my declining age, to thee and the husband whom thou shalt choose, I give the third part of my realm. So fair a speeding, for a few words soon uttered, was to Reagan the second ample instruction what to say. She, on the same demands, fares no protesting, and the gods must witness that otherwise to express her thought she knew not, but that she loved him above all creatures, and so receives an equal revolt with her sister. But, quodilia, the youngest, though hitherto she had been the best beloved, and had now before her eyes the rich and present hire of a little easy soothing, and the danger also, and the loss likely to be tied plain dealing, yet moves not from the solid purpose of a sincere and virtuous answer. Father, saith she, my love towards you is as my duty bids. What should a father seek? What can a child promise more? They who pretend beyond this flatter. When the old man, sorry to hear this, and wishing her to recall those words, persisted asking, with a loyal sadness at her father's infirmity, but something on the sudden, harsh and glancing rather to sisters than speaking your own mind. Two ways only, saith she, I have to answer what you require me. The former, your command is, I should recant, except then this other which has left me.  Then here thou, quodilia, now all in passion, what thy ingratitude hath gained thee. Because thou hast not reverenced thy aged father equal to thy sisters, part in my kingdom, or what else is mine, reckoned to have none. And without delay gives in marriage his other daughters, Goneril, Tumaglownas, Duke of Balbania, Reagan, Tujanayas, Duke of Coral. With them, in present, half his kingdom, the rest to follow at his death. In the meanwhile, fame was not sparing to divulge the wisdom and other graces of quodilia, in so much that Agnepas, a great king in Gaul, however he came by his Greek name, not found in any register of French kings, seeks her to wife, and nothing altered at the loss of her dowry receives her gladly, in such manner as she was sent him. After this, king Lear, more and more drooping with years, became an easy prey to his daughters and their husbands, who now, by daily encroachment, had seized the whole kingdom into their hands, and the old king is put to sojourn with his eldest daughter, attended only by three score knights. But they, in a short while grudged at as too numerous and disorderly for continual guests, are reduced to thirty. Not brooking that affront, the old king betakes him to his second daughter. But there also discord soon arising between the servants of different masters in one family, five only are suffered to attend him. Then, back again, he returns to the other, hoping that she, his eldest, could not but have more pity on his grey hares, but she now refuses to admit him, unless he be content with one only of his followers. At last the remembrance of his youngest, Cordelia, comes to his thoughts, and now acknowledging how true her words had been, though with little hope of a kind reception from one whom he had so much injured, and that he might be able to pay her the last recompense she can have from him by making to her his confession of her wise forewarning, that so perhaps his misery, the proof and experiment of her wisdom, might something soften her, he takes his journey into France. Now might be seen a difference between the silent or downright spoken affection of some children to the parents, and the talkative obsequiousness of others, while the hope of inheritance overacts them, and on the tongue's end enlarges their duty. Cordelia, out of mere love, without the suspicion of expected reward, at the message only of her father in distress, pours forth true filial tears, and not enduring either that her own, or any other eye should see him in such forlorn condition, as his messenger declared, discreetly appoints one of her trusted servants, first to convey him privately toward some good sea-town, there to array him, bathe him, cherish him, and furnish him with such attendance and state as besieged his dignity. But then, as from his first landing, he might send word of his arrival to her husband Akhenippus, which, done with all mature and requisite contrivance, Cordelia, with the king her husband, and all the barony of his realm, who then first had news of his passing the sea, go out to meet him. And after all honourable and joyful entertainment, Akhenippus, as to his wife's father and his royal guests, surrenders to him during his abode there the power and disposal of his whole dominion, permitting his wife Cordelia to go with an army and set her father upon his throne, wherein her piety so prospered as that she vanquished her impious sisters with those dukes, and Lear again, as set the story, three years obtained the crown, to whom dying Cordelia with all regal salendities gave burial in the town of Leicester. And then, as right heir succeeding him, and her husband Akhenippus being dead, ruled the land five years in peace, until Morvanus and Cunedegius, her two sisters' sons, not bearing that a kingdom should be governed by a woman, in the unseasonableness time to raise that quarrel against a woman so worthy, make war against her, depose her, and imprison her, of which being impatient, and now long unexercised to suffer, she there, as is related, killed herself. The victors between them part the land. But Morvanus, the eldest sister's son, who held by agreement from the north side of Humber to Cathness, incited by those about him to invade all as his own right wars on Cunedegius, who soon met him, overcame, and overtook him in a town of Wales, where he left his life, and ever since his name, to the place. Cunedegius was now sole king, and governed with much praise many years, about the time when Rome was built. Him succeeded Rivalo, his son, wise also, and fortunate, save what they tell us of three days' reigning blood, and swarms of stinging flies, where all men died. In order then, Gurgustius, Chago, or Lago, his nephew, Sicilius, Kinmarcus, then Gorbodigo, whose mother's name, Gorbodigo, and Gorbodion, who had two sons, Pharex and Porrex. They, in the old age of their father, falling to contend who should succeed, Porrex, attempting by treachery his brother's life, drives him into France, and, in his return, though aided with the force of that country, defeats and slays him. But by his mother Vedena, who less loved him, is himself with the assistance of her women soon after slain in his bed, with whom ended, as is thought, the line of Brutus, whereupon the whole land with civil droils was rented of five kingdoms, long time waging war each on other, and some say fifty years. At length, Dunwallo Monmuteus, the son of Clotin, king of Cornwall, one of the four said five, excelling in valor and goodliness of person, after his father's decease found means to reduce again the whole island into a monarchy, subduing the rest at opportunities. First, Imner, king of Luagria, whom he slew, then Rudaukas of Cambria, Steterias, Valbenia, confederate together, in which fight Dunwallo is reported, while the victory hung doubtful, to have used this art. He takes with him six hundred stout men, vids them put on the armor of their slain enemies, and so, unexpectedly approaching the squadron where those two kings had placed themselves in fight, from that part which they thought secure, assaults and dispatches them. Then, displaying his own ensigns, which before he had concealed, and sending notice to the other part of his army what was done, adds to them new courage, and gains a final victory. This Dunwallo was the first in Britain that wore a crown of gold, and therefore by some reputed the first king. He established the Momutine Laws, famous among the English to this day, written long after in Latin by Gildus and in Saxon by King Alfred, Soceth Joffrey. But Gildus denies to have known out of the Britons before Caesar, much less New Alfred. These laws, whoever made them, bestowed on temples the privilege of sanctuary, to cities also, and the ways dither-leading. Yea, to plows, granted a kind of like refuge, and made such riddance of thieves and robbers that all passages were safe. Forty years he governed alone, and was buried nigh to the temple of Concord, which he, to the memory of peace restored, had built in Trinafonte. His two sons, Bellinus and Brennus, contending about the crown, by decision of friends came at length to an accord. Brennus, to have the north of Humber, Bellinus the sovereignty of all. But the younger, not so contented that he, as they whispered to him, whose valor had so oft repelled the invasion of Culfus the Maureen duke, should not be subject to his brother. Upon new design, sales into Norway, enters into a league with Elsing the king of Norway, and proposes to marry his daughter, which Bellinus perceiving, in his absence, dispossesses him of all the north. Brennus, with a fleet of Norwegians, makes towards Britain. But being encountered by Withloth, the Danish king, who lay in claim to his bright pursuit among the sea, his haste was retarded, and he bereft of his spouse, who, from the fight, by a sudden tempest, was with the Danish king, driven on the coast of Northumberland, and brought to Bellinus. Brennus, nevertheless finding means to recollect his navy, lands in Albania, and gives battle to his brother in the wood Calaterium. But losing the day escapes with one single ship into Gaul. Meanwhile, the Dane upon his own offered to become tributary to Bellinus, being sent home with his new prize, the daughter of the king of Norway. Bellinus again turns his thoughts to the administering of justice, and the perfecting of his father's law. And to explain what highways might enjoy the foresaid privileges, he caused to be drawn out and paved four main roads to the utmost length and breadth of the island, and to others of thought, which are since attributed to the Romans. Brennus, on the other side, soliciting to his aid the kings of Gaul, happens at last on Soginus, Duke of the Aloborges, where his worth and comeliness of person, won him the duke's daughter and heir. In whose right he shortly after, by the death of Soginus, succeeding to his dukedom, and by obtained leave, passing with a great host through the length of Gaul, gets footing once again in Britain. Now was Bellinus unprepared. And now, the armies of the two brothers being ready to meet each other in battle, Conevena, the mother of them both, all in a fright, throws herself between them, and calling earnestly to Brennus, her son whose absence had so long deprived her of his sight, after embracements and tears assails him with such unmotherly power and the mention of things so dear and reverend, as irresistibly wrung from him all his enmity against Bellinus. Then our hands joined, reconciliation made firm, and council held to turn their united preparations on foreign parts. Thence, that by these two brothers, all Gaulia was overrun, the story tells. And what they did in Italy and at Rome, if these be they and not Gauls, who took that city, the Roman authors can best relate. So far from home, I undertake not for the Monmouth Chronicle, which here, against the stream of history, carries up and down these two brethren now into Germany, then again to Rome, pursuing Gabbias and Pozena to unheard of consulates. Thus much is more generally believed, that both this Brennus and another famous captain, Brithomaris, whom the epitonist Floris and others mention, were not Gauls but Brithoms. The name of the first in that tongue signifying a king, and of the other a great Britain. However, Bellinus, after a while returning home, the rest of his days ruled in peace, wealth and honour, above all his predecessors, building some cities, of which one was Caros of Panosca, since Cariccian, beautifying others as trenifant, with a gate, a haven, and a tower on the Thames, retaining yet his name. On the top whereof, his ashes are said to have been laid up in a golden urn. After him, Gurguntius Barberus was king, mild and just, but yet, inheriting his father's courage, he subdued the Dacian, or Dain, who refused to pay the tribute covenanted to Bellinus for his enlargement. In his return, finding about the Orphanes thirty ships of Spain, or Viscay, fraught with men and women for a plantation, whose captain also, Bartolinus, wrongfully banished as he pleaded, besought him that some part of his territory might be assigned them to dwell in, he sent with them certain of his own men to Ireland, which then lay unpeopled, and gave them that island to hold of him as in homage. He was buried in Carligion, a city which he had walled about. Gwytholin, his son, is also remembered as a just and good prince, and his wife, Marsha, to have excelled so much in wisdom as to venture upon a new institution of laws, which King Alfred translating called Marchion League, but more truly thereby has meant the Mersion Law, not translated by Alfred, but digested and incorporated with the West Saxon. In the minority of her son, she had the rule, and then, as may be supposed, brought forth these laws. Not herself, for laws are masculine births, but by the advice of her sages-councillors, and therein she might do virtuously since it befell her to supply the knowledge of her son. Else nothing is more arrived from the law of God and nature than that a woman should give laws to men. Her son Cecilius, coming to years, received the rule. Then, in order, Chimeras, then Daneus, or Alaneus, his brother. Then, Morindus, his son by Tanquistella, a concubine, who is recorded a man of excessive strength, value, liberal, and fair of aspect, but a manly cruel, not sparing in his anger enemy or friend, if any weapon were in his hand. A certain king of the Morines, or Picard's, invaded Northumberland, whose army this king, though not wanting sufficient numbers, chiefly by his own prowess overcame, but dishonored his victory by the cruel usage of his prisoners, whom his own hands or others in his presence put all to several deaths. Well fitted to such a bestial cruelty was his end. For hearing of a huge monster that from the Irish sea infested the coast, and in the pride of his strength foolishly attempting to set manly valor against a brute vastness, when his weapons were all in vain by that horrible mouth he was catched up and devoured. Corbonian, the eldest of his five sons, then whom a juster man lived not in his age, was a great builder of temples, and gave to all persons what was their due. To his gods devout worship, to men of dessert, honor, and preferment, to the commons, encouragement in their labors and trades, defense and protection from injuries and oppressions, so that the land flourished above her neighbors. Violence and wrong seldom was heard of. His death was a general loss. He was buried in Trinivant. Arcagalo, the second brother, followed not his example, but depressed the ancient nobility, and by peeling the wealthier sort stuffed his treasury and took the right way to be deposed, which afterwards befell him. Elendure, the next brother so named the Pius, was set up in his place, a mind so noble and so moderate, as almost as incredible to have been ever found. For having held the scepter five years, hunting one day in the forest of Calator, he chanced to meet his deposed brother, wandering in a mean condition who had been long in vain beyond the seas in portioning foreign aids to his restorment, and was now in a poor habit with only ten followers privately returned to find subsistence among his secret friends. At the unexpected sight of him, Elendure, himself also then but thinly accompanied, runs to him with open arms, and after many dear and sincere welcomings conveys him to the city Alclut.  Afterwards, feigning himself sick, he summons all his peers as about greatest affairs, where, admitting them one by one, as if his weakness endured not the disturbance of more at once, he causes them, willing or unwilling, once more to swear allegiance to Archigala, whom, after reconciliation made on all sides, he leads to York, and from his own head places the crown on the head of his brother. With thenceforth, the vice itself dissolving in him and forgetting her firmest hold, with the admiration of a deed so heroic, became a true converted man, ruled worthily ten years, died, and was buried in Calir. Thus was a brother saved by a brother, to whom the love of a crown, the thing that so often dazzles and vitiates mortal men, and for which thousands of persons of nearest blood have destroyed each other, was, in respect of brotherly dearness, a contemptible thing. Aladur now, in his own behalf, re-assumes the government, and did as was worthy such a man to do. When Providence, that so great a virtue might want no sort of trial to make it more illustrious, stirs up Vigenius and Peridur, his youngest brethren against him, who had deserved so nobly of that relation of brotherhood as least of all men to have deserved to be injured by a brother. Yet him they defeat, him they imprison in the tower of Trinibbant, and divide his kingdom, the north to Peridur, the south to Vigenius. After whose death, Peridur, obtaining all, so much the better used his power by how much the worse he got it, so that Aladur now is hardly missed.  After these five sons of Morindus succeeded also their sons in order, Regin of Gorbonian, Morganus of Arcigalo, both good kings, but Enionus, his brother, taking other courses, was after six years deposed. Then Edwalo, taught by a near example, governed soberly. Then Runo, then Garuntius, he of Peridur, this last son of Aladur, from whose loins, for that likely is the durable and surviving race that springs of just progenitors, issued a long descent of kings, whose names only, for many successions without other memory, stand thus registered. Catellus, Coelus, Porex, Caron, and his three sons Fulgentius, Eldadus, and Adraegius, his son Orianus, Eliud, Edudacus, Coutenus, Griguntius, Marianus, Bleduno, Capit, Buenas, Sicilius, 20 kings in a continued row that either did nothing or lived in ages that wrote nothing, at least a foul pretermission in the author of this, whether story or fable, himself weary of seams of his own tedious tale. But to make amends for this silence, Blegabridus, next succeeding, is recorded to have excelled all before him in the art of music. Opportunally, had he but left us one song of the actions of his twenty predecessors. Yet after him, nine more succeeded in name. His brother Archimelus, Eldal, Redion, Radarchius, Simulius, Penisel, Hier, Comporius, but Cleguelius, with the addition of modest, wise, and just. His son Heli reigned forty years and had three sons, Ludd, Cassibilan, and Ninius. This Heli seems to be the same whom Ninius in his fragment calls Minocon. For him he writes to be the father of Cassibilan. Ludd was he who enlarged and walled about Trinovant. There kept his court, made it the prime city, and called it from his own name Keralud, or Ludd's town now London. Which, as is alleged out of Gildus, became matter of great dissension betwixt him and his brother Ninius. Who took it heinously that the name of Troy, their ancient country, should be abolished for any new one. Ludd was hardy and bold in war, in peace jolly feasting. He conquered many islands of the sea, Seth Huntington, and was buried by the gate, which from thence we call Luddget. His two sons Androgyus and Tenuantius were left to the tuition of Cassibilan, whose bounty and high demeanor so wrought with the common people has got him easily the kingdom transferred upon himself. He nevertheless, continuing to favor and support his nephews, confers freely upon Androgyus London with Kent, upon Tenuantius Cornwall, reserving a superiority over both of them, and all the other princes to himself, till the Romans for a while circumscribed his power. Thus far, though leaning only on the credit of Geoffrey Monmouth and his assertors, I yet for the specified causes have thought it not beneath my purpose to relate what I found. Where to I neither oblige the belief of other persons, nor over hastily subscribe mine own, nor have I stood with others computing or collating years and chronologies, lest I should be vainly curious about the times and circumstances of things whereof the substance is so much in doubt. By this time, like one who had set out on his way by night and traveled through a region of smooth or idle dreams, our history now arrives on the confines where daylight and truth meet us with a clear dawn, representing to our view, though at a far distance, true colors and shapes. For albeit Caesar, whose authority we are now first to follow, wanted not some critics who taxed him of misrepresenting facts in his commentaries, and even in his history of the Civil War gets pumpy, and therefore much more may we suppose that he has taken the same liberties in treating of the British affairs, in which the little skill of the British in writing he could not apprehend that he should be contradicted, yet now in such a variety of good authors as have treated of the next following part of our history, we hardly can fail from one hand or other to be sufficiently informed of the events that happened in it, as far as can well be expected concerning things that passed so long ago. But this will better be referred to a second discourse. End of Book One, Recording by Thomas Copeland


I have a feeling we're about to cry a little. I'm in a really good mood. I don't wanna jinx myself, but I'm in a really good mood so I might actually not cry. What just happened is that I asked my boyfriend if he could compile some Christmas commercials that are very sentimental, the ones I would usually cry. And honestly, as an actress, and this is probably the reason why I gravitated to acting in the first place, is that I'm very emotional and I can cry basically on command. So if you are looking on how to cry on command, this is your video, this is how I do it. This is just, I'm just emotional. To get a little bit more Christmassy, I don't think I own anything that's very Christmassy to wear, but I'm gonna change, maybe change my backdrop into red because right now it's gray. I don't know about you guys, but it's getting really bad. COVID is getting really bad and I'm trying to do the responsible thing. We didn't see anybody for Thanksgiving in person and we're not gonna see anybody for Christmas. I'm already gonna start crying. These are PJs that my boyfriend's parents got me last year for Christmas when we spent it with them in beautiful Virginia. This is something his mom knit us. He has a matching one and just, we're gonna cry anyway, just putting it on. Already me wanna cry. So this is going great. Is this lighting cozy? Are we cozy? Are you cozy? Okay, here's his email. It says Christmas commercials to make you cry. I thought this would be funny because I'm such a crier and Christmas commercials specifically if you didn't see my video on making my own Christmas commercial when I was doing research for that. I was already crying and I was like, oh no, and I had to stop watching them because I just didn't feel like crying and I didn't want to cry. Oh God, I already know, I already know I'm gonna cry. Let's get started with these. Can you see? Can you see? Yes, it is very easy for me to get emotional. So let's cry together, throw on some Christmas commercials and let's cry. This one is Lad Gavron Tail Frafar. Julie, is this in a different language? That one didn't make me cry. Just the fact that it seemed like maybe a transgender non-binary young adult with a more manly parent and the fact that it was Christmas-y and this family was already like, oh no, this is gonna be sad, so I'm already getting teary-eyed. But it didn't make me shed a tear. Okay. Okay, it already has dogs. I wanna start it from the beginning. I'm trying to edit the video right now. I'm already crying. I'm currently editing the second video, the second part. The second video I'm watching within that video. And I'm already crying. So you guys, I'm not kidding. It makes me cry. That was really sad. I'm gonna probably edit this video so that you don't have to watch me cry throughout the whole commercial, but basically this guy kept spending all of these holidays by himself and then finally he faked his death and was like, come to my funeral and all his family came.  Who knows if I'll ever see like my grandma again or you never know who can pass away. So this one definitely made me cry. It had subtitles so I was actually able to listen to what it was about. And then it says time to come home. That one was really sweet. And also really sad. That's only the second one. And here I thought I wasn't gonna cry because I was in a good mood. Sainsbury ad 2014, 1914, 2000. Oh, maybe it's like a throwbacky commercial. My name is Jim. My name is Otto. Please meet me, Otto. Meet me. That one didn't make me cry. That one was sweet. It was about, you know, they're in war, but then they stopped for a little bit to just forget about everything. And then of course the bombs and all the sounds in the back made them come back to reality. But that one didn't make me cry. So number three did not make me cry. Okay, Microsoft holiday commercial 2020.  Uh-oh, this has a dog. I'm scared. That also did not make me cry but that was really cute that the doggy was dreaming of all this stuff and all he wanted was some attention from the humans. This one is Glade the greatest gift. This is my wish extended. This is one of the ones I saw and cried to a couple of months ago. But I think I saw the short version. Might have gotten a little teary eyed. There's something about like, you know, seeing for example in this video, a couple that's celebrating together and enjoying each other's company. And then you see somebody who has lost their partner and can no longer celebrate with them.  And I hate it when it's all snowy and they're cold. I just want to help them. Oh my God. Okay, the next one. This one is Efolor Grace Christmas commercial. Oh no, it's older people. I've never seen this commercial but I'm pretty sure their husband and wife, the ones at the beginning and then he has Alzheimer and then he doesn't remember her. Like the notebook. And this is probably them when they're young. What did I tell you? That was really cute. Again, like the whole storyline or experience where you lose a loved one. And sometimes it's mentally like they're gone because they have Alzheimer's. It's really sad. From our family to yours, Disney Christmas Advent 2020 official Disney UK. I want to say, oh wow. I want to say I heard about this, but I have not seen it. I also heard there's some kind of like Filipino version. I don't know if this is that. Oh shoot, I was accidentally watching everything and like 480p even in low quality. It still hits me. She's so cute. I think this is it because don't Filipino people call their grandma Lola? Right? That was sweet.  I survived that one. This one is English for beginners and then a different language. It's looking good so far. It has an older gentleman and a dog. So cute. English for beginners.  You show me the way to the beach? Breakfast, four, five. I love you, you are perfect. You are perfect. Suitcase, slippers, toothbrush, passport, pajamas. Be good dog. I'm already going to start crying and I'm pretty sure I haven't even gotten to the good part yet. I'm so sweet. He learned how to speak English because his granddaughter only knew English. Okay, I think that was it. I definitely cried in about half of them because they were so cute. It just made me miss my family so much. Yeah, I'm a cry baby when it comes to a lot of things especially Christmas commercials with families or older people or people that are by themselves. And now I'm just like really sad. Trying to close off this video without crying.  But obviously I like to feel things. That's why I'm an actress. And yeah, at the end of every video I feature another channel. This is today's feature. If you would like to be featured on my next video, make sure you're subscribed. Like this video and leave me a comment. And if you do happen to be spending your holidays with your family, give them a hug, be safe and appreciate it.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's Case Breaks.com, coming at you with 2020 Panini Prism Football Cellopak Break number 84. It's the last one. It's the last one that'll unlock National Treasures Football Random Team Break, given away the final six spots at the end of the break. First, the break itself. Big thanks to these wonderful people here. There we go. For getting in on it. All teams are in. Let's roll it. Let's randomize names and teams. Six and a one. Seven times. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seven. Then final time. Seven times for the teams. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seven. Then final time. Here's the first half of the list right here. And here's the second half of the list right over here. No trade windows. Let's just get to the break. All right, good luck with this. There's the final printout right here. Hot off the presses. We'll re-randomize that list a little bit in a little bit. Let's go. There's a Joe Burrow insert for Cincinnati. Matthew, the red, white, and blue. We've got, no, Michael over there. All right, so nothing too crazy in here, but let's see who wins those NT spots. Let's grab everybody here. New dice, new list. Top six after seven. Top six after seven will be in that National Treasures football break. Good luck. One, two, three, four, five, six, and seven. Then final time. So from seven on down to 32, sad times. But thanks for giving this a shot. Appreciate it. Maybe the second half of NT. We'll have a couple fillers there too, if you want to give it another go. Top six, you're in that National Treasures break. David, Matthew, Sean, Clint, Fuad, and Stephen K with Last Bod Mojo. Congrats, guys. We'll see you in the next break. Bye-bye.


Hello everyone and welcome back to another episode of Do Yourself a World Again! Hey, are you glad we're back again? Because not too long after we got, you know, the last video we did, which I think was last week, where we unlocked the cryo-lofasaurus, would you believe that there's another, like, hybrid for it? And it is the cryo-lofasaurus hybrid. So we're just gonna quickly do the rounds before we, you know, invest into that one because we're gonna have to. Ooh, that's right. Yeah, I accidentally put some tournament creatures in. I could probably, yeah, you know what? We'll sell these guys. I don't think we need Lathornax or Binogamous. We've already got those guys unlocked. We really want to. We could probably just get rid of it. And then the hybrid anyway is probably gonna be really expensive. I'm expecting, like, 70k DNA. So, oh, we're gonna do just as much DNA as possible. Ooh, tempting. Very tempting. We're just gonna have a quick check in here just to see what kind of offers we get because when it comes to a hybrid, I think that one, I don't care about the food. Um, how about that one? Yeah, go on. It's only 28. It doesn't really seem worth it. Oh, the Nodosaurus. I'd like, I've just got that in the event. And now it's like, no, no, no, no, you don't want that. You want food, right? It knows. Oh, I've only got four opatosaurus. That's why. Oh, okay. So that one, we'll do that. I mean, these are all guaranteed. I think you get better trades in the randomized one. But we may as well do this one. So before we refresh, what I will do, ooh, we need to, of course, open a pack and see if we get any more DNA. Little bit of books as well. But we need to go into Isla Sona. Oh my, no, guys, Isla Sona. Ooh, what are we doing over here? Different admiring, beautiful decorations. We're gonna go in here. We're gonna go, oh God, where is it placed? Yep, that's the one. Apparently I've got one of those to place down as well. So I'll just plot that one down there. But we need to switch that up and then just go one, two, and three. But that will probably do. We've already done one pop. I'd be very surprised if the game doesn't crash. And also, if we get more trades for opatosaurus within the next two. So we'll quickly refresh and let's see, there it is. There's one already for a million food and the final refresh. Does it give us anything good? No, but another one. So basically we just transformed two opatosaurus statues into two million food. And if you know anything about dressing world game, food is something that you can't just generate unless you're wanting to spend books on it, which I really wouldn't suggest. I actually, have I, did I get anything? Oh, I've reset on that. No, we haven't unlocked anything else and I opened all the packs. Oh yeah, since the last episode, I haven't really done any of this, which I probably should have, because we're close to another shining armor, but the chances of getting something good, you know what, six percent isn't so bad, I suppose. We will get another one. We've got two more chances to get that. I only haven't got an opatosaurus or triceratops, although they are unlocked, which is more important. That's the thing we need to worry about. If it's not unlocked, then it's like, what do we do? So, that being said, we'll collect some of that and let's have a look. Where is cryo-ophosaurus? Cryo. We're going to carnivores and cryo. Where are you? There you are. There's a cryo-ophosaurus, but if we're going to hybrids and we scroll down, apart from all the other ones that I've already gotten and we don't need, this I don't have because I don't have gen two, I don't have the bag of throopidon. Well, we do have, this is the cryo-lo-bergeana. Bergeana. Berge... Virginia? Virginia. That one. So we've also, we've got the other one, the armor Virginia, but we do have the cryo-ophosaurus. So we've, I mean, good thing is there's no, oh, hold on, let's collect all of those. Yes, and actually what I will do is I will quickly go into, where are we? Today we are. We'll go into hybrids, no, hybrids, we're going to Pteranodons and I'll have a look for this one, yes, because if I haven't collected all those, oh, which we have, okay, good. We've got some of that. I guess I could have done it, but it can't be bothered. We're going to hybrids, we'll get it eventually. Nevermind, it's carnivores. And here is cryo-ophosaurus. So we've had this thing all for all of two seconds, but we're now about to fuse it into something good and usable. So fuse, we do have an instant fuse, which we may as well use. We've only got one of those. Sweet, okay, cool. Weird for that to kind of break it, but you know, I was expecting a crash from the Asalamiopatosaurus statues, especially doing it very quick. If you don't want the crash, you have to do it very slow, one by one, you need to go one. And we're back just like that, not a problem. Did we even fuse that dinosaur? I got the feeling that we didn't. No, we didn't. Okay, is this going to be like a dinosaur that I can't make because it breaks? No, okay, so here it is. Will this flying reptile be better than metrophodon? Ooh, level one, 2123 health and 357 attack. Okay, I mean, it's level one, right. Nothing we can't expect, but greatness at this point. We'll tap to open, yes. So, oh wow, look at you, got a huge beak. The cryola virginia has a distinct head shape, making it easy to identify, no matter the distance. Uh, I guess so, I don't even know. We'll call it melon head, and hold on, is it met? No, that's not the one. There you go, melon head, we'll call it that one. Oh, so EVO two, EVO three, and EVO four. Oh, it doesn't look too much different. Just has like a spiky hair, dude. Ramos will feed it to level 10, 3,184 health, and 536 attack. So again, like I've said in the past, when it comes to a hybrid, you never want to keep it level one or level 10, you always want to get another one. Oh, it's 74, oh, we're taking a little bit of a, oh, right, well, there we go. That's not a good one, sweet. We'll just collect all of the DNA on this island, and I think, no, yeah, it doesn't scroll up. We should really have two of those. And we can now go into hybrids. Where are you? Where are you? There you are, yes, level 10. So we want to evolve, go to market. So it would be 83,000, actually, wow. That is, oh, where is, where is metrophedon? Wait, hold on, oh, 55.  Wait, what? Deloffaboa? Oh, because I don't have Delogen too, ah, okay, there we go. 74,000, and we may as well speed it up because we've got the book. We can splash it just a little bit, right? So that's a level two. We'll feed you up to evolve, and now we can't unfortunately do a free one, although it should be soon, actually. And there you have it, a level 20 as 5,455 out of 980 in attack. That is more, I think that's more health than the regular one, I think, isn't it? Like the regular, oh yes, we'll claim some more food, why not? The cryolofa virginia has a smaller wingspan than the armor virginia, though they are no less powerful. Yeah, so you got this guy, and then we kind of change its colors, which is interesting. Okay, but, does it, oh wait, wait, what happened? Oh, did it just gather all of its coin? Did everybody just gather coin?  Anyway, so we've got 22 days before we can get the instant hatches. The only problem is we need the DNA. So I'm not gonna spend any more just to level this guy up, but I kind of do wanna check that out in comparison, so at the moment 5,400, right, let's go in the market, man, let's go in the market and let's see just how good this thing is. So 11,000 health and 1,980 attack. So it has a lot of health. In comparison to Spino, actually it's a lot worse than Spino, because Spino has like 600 less health, but has almost like double the attack. So for 600 health and double the attack. Yeah, you'd rather have Spino. And against Arm-O-Matter. Ooh, do we want to get this level 40 for the same price? And well, exactly the same price as Arm-O-Matter. We can basically just get something that's way better. And Chroma Spino is a little bit cheaper by like 200, and that's at half price. Wow, okay, so yeah, we don't want to use this anymore. Level 20, we kind of want to keep it there, but that's my honest opinion. I don't think there's any need to get this. Yes, you get what, double the health of a Metrophodon, but you don't even get half the attack of a Metrophodon, because Metrophodon, if we scroll down, all the way down here, 20,000 less, by the way. So you buy 10 of them, you're saving 200,000. Yes, do it. And you get 5,555 attack and only half the health. For double, if not triple the attack, almost triple the attack, you get half the health. Yeah, you'd rather do that, because it's always been about attack when it comes to this game. So there we go, a few little speedups, it's not really, it always feels like in Drossel World Alive, you progress through the levels really quick. But in this, yeah, it's so much, nope. Okay, so let's have a look, what have we got going? Okay, Battle for Survival, last time we did a Battle for Survival, I broke the game. So I kind of don't want to do that. But we all, ooh, we have a pterosaur event. It's only one pterosaur, right, it's only one pterosaur. So we can pretty much put in you and then just go to the smallest. And as long as we have like one pterosaur like you, we're good to go.  Sweet, it's banana fingers and he's dead. Oh dear. Dometriconus, I think that is. The Conoraptor, Conoraptor, good dinosaur. Is Dometriconus even better? Technically yes, because it's free. And I mean, as long as you get Conoraptor, then it's free. And you're gonna get Conoraptor anyway, because Conoraptor is one of the best dinosaurs. So with this one, we can do exactly the same, right? Yeah, we can choose a carnival that's way weaker than any of these. It doesn't even need a thousand attack. It can just have that, and then we won. And we just need to scroll, ooh, a free sweet. Scroll those, and then yeah, so I'm not even gonna use my best creatures. It will be a bit tougher when we get to the next round or the next two rounds, because they should be only Pteranodons, I think. But at least we get to see, you know, a level 20 in action. It's a shame that it, you know, it's in terrible lighting, but, you know, if we do have the recoveries actually, I might have the recovery. So what we'll do is once we do this one, we'll take it into the regular battle event. Okay, so we are getting some DNA. Wow, okay, now that's up to 15. Sweet. Park to do blah, we're going to here. Now what do we get for the Pteranosaurus? Okay, Pteranosaurus guaranteed. We got 100, oh yes, this is way better. Okay, so we need, oh God, even no, I don't think we want to really use it here, do we? Oh my God, it's not even better at level 20 than an Odomorphodon or a Pterodactylis and their VIP creatures, man. They're not even a hybrid. So I mean, the minimum we want is about 1,700 attack.  So we'll put in some monodon and I'm not even gonna use those other guys. Oh wow, never mind, it wasn't half the attack, it was quartering the attack. So I didn't even need some monodon, I could have probably used something a lot weaker, something with like 1,200 attack base? Yeah, I didn't even need this guy. But we may as well use it, it's very good and it's level 40, oh. Still not as good as Metrophonon, I think when I made this level 40, I said to myself, yeah, it's still not as good. And now they've put another hybrid in that is technically even worse than self monodon. It does boggle like the mind.  Oh wow, and it's even worse now, sweet. Yeah, like that'll do. Although actually saying that, I do need, that's probably not gonna do it. Pterodactylus, why do we have a level 11 Tapothelithephystu, whatever it's called. Yeah, we'll just go for loads of attack. Right, Tappi, whatever, we're gonna feed that thing up past level 11, I don't know why I don't have that level 11, that's preposterous, oh. Right, we'll just go for two attack.   What are you gonna do?  Actually, why'd I do that? I've dragged this battle longer than needs to be. Nasuda, oh yeah, that is Nasuda Seratops. Was it always Nasuda? No, was it? Was this always Nasuda Seratops? I forgot what it looks like. No, it's coming to me, yes. It was brown, wasn't it? It wasn't red, it turned into red bull when we got us a 500, and there is anisaurus to eventually just chuck in to where the DNA grind it. Me obviously. What else have we got? We'll put something in and then we'll have a look to see what our best ones that we can sell are. Let's have a look. Oh my God, I got 17 of these. Was it called again? Microbesuchus, oh yes, heck yeah. Again, this was probably, it's like a hangover from when you used to be able to refresh the mystery packs or the battle stage infinites just by closing the game and reopening it. And then you could keep on doing that until you got a legendary pack, buy it for 200-nod books, maybe make a profit, maybe, very unlikely that you would get two, you know, you get 500 bucks. You'd make a loss, but you'd get so much for it. But they changed that, so that's fun. We'll do Indra after level 41. Oh, let's go see that. And I think, oh God, this is really tough, like to Tijongosaurus, and it's got what, level 3,656, I mean, as long as we just, that'll do, that'll do. I don't think we've got anything to worry about at this point. Tijong, it's a doji.  Although, oh, we could have one actually. I could have went for three, I suppose, and definitely guaranteed the kill, but I don't need to be strategic about this, really, because I'm not worried at all. So we'll factor in one.  Wow, oh my God, 4,500, I think I might have had one block. We'll go for two, and we do kill it. Oh, okay, cool. Sweet, I have to go for two again.  Oh no, no, no, no, he hangs on. Right, so now I know it's only got two blocks. So we can go for that, and then, you know what? What are the chances? What are the chances?  Even if it does, it's gonna die the next turn anyway. Yes, we get to kill it definitely in two, but will it go for more than three blocks? No, it doesn't, yes. That's another rare pack, sweet. And that should be another mission, actually, because I think we need to open three packs. So 100 DNA, oh, 1,500, oh yes, I like that. And another 263 IP points.  Right, okay, so what else do we have? We got this, yeah, there it is. Oh, another 35 bucks, sweet. What was I doing? I was gonna do something completely, oh yes. Feed, I was gonna feed the super hybrid. That's one of these, go to, there it is. You may as well get it. I mean, this thing only costs super DNA, right? And I could sell it for, oh, I never knew they sold for that, but. You did that over, oh! Right, okay, oh yes, a little bit more. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. Get a little bit more, no, no, no, no, no, no. Did I actually, did I, 60 minutes for Bonnie to stop? Really? Okay, fine, okay. Yes, we're gonna do the challenge. You know what it is? I actually want to do, I love that sound effect. I love when it repeats. Oh, it's just the best. We'll put you in, right? Then we'll put in two really weak dinosaurs. Oh wait, this isn't the mods? Yeah, one of the mods. So yes, hold on, excuse the incessant noise in the background. So what do we, you want to put nullifying on this guy, right?  And then with the other ones, we can increase its type by 10%, which, oh wait, how much is it, 100? If it's 10%, does it make a difference? 500, ooh, it's actually better to, not split wound, but to go for endurance. Because you get 15%, and that's gonna be more than 500. Please tell me, I'm gonna close it if it's Zenozoic.  Yes, sweet, okay, it's actually doable. I think we can do this, we might be able to win. So we start with 5,455, but we get like 6,000 each time. So we nullify the split wound, which is great.  I mean, it's got loads of health and then 900. We may as well just up it, right? So yeah, you give yourself extra and what does that do, invigorate? Oh, that's interesting. Oh, it does make a difference, instead of the first go. However, yeah, you can't touch this. It's interesting that it used to be a case of, you know, like, Rages would only take effect once it came in, but it took effect. Oh yeah, did we nullify it anyway? Oh, okay, sweet.  Is that how they've got past making nullifying OP? It might be, you know. Okay, okay. I still got 7,200. Oh, right, I'm gonna buy for one because I'm a little bit worried. I could sacrifice 900 health for my jungle saw. Maybe I'll do that. Maybe I should have done that. Okay, we're definitely gonna do that now. Okay, okay.    So hopefully it goes to four.  It was amazing, it was a magical time back when mobile gaming was in its infancy, it felt. So we'll factor in that one. And then at this point, he himself was a level one common. He goes from 1,400 attack to eight. So yeah, we should, yeah, put that one. Oh, wow, okay. Well, it could go for five. I would, I'm a bit worried if he attacks. Okay, he doesn't sweep. You know what it is? I'm gonna go for two block here, go for four reserve, because I wanna see its max attack. I think it just flies over and just like does a few little grapples with its feet.  I'm thinking that's probably just real life. Oh, it went for seven. Oh my God, that damage, 72. My friend has a few of the number 72. So that would have really scared him. Oh, full on eight attack. Okay, so against an amphibian, level 20 does 27,000 damage. And you know what's kind of worrying is sometimes that wouldn't even be enough to kill some of the infinite battle creatures. That's that scary. But a leader boosted prize, is that the biggest? Is that the biggest prize? Oh, Capris, I'll take it. Oh, we didn't get another one. Ah, sweet. Okay, so, oh yeah, it was the best prices. So you have 1% chance for that. And what about here? 1% chance for that. What's the difference? What is the difference? Is it like less, like 7% chance for the DNA? And 7%, okay, maybe it's the amount of like prizes or different, like 20 DNA to 200 DNA. Okay, that is weird though. Right, so let's have a look at this. The herbivore heritage. So you're probably gonna get a super, right? It's four battles. What is the first battle? Oh, it's gonna be one of these cases where it's like a herbivore, carnivore. And then the last one will be like all three. But, I mean, you know what it is? 750, so I can't really say no to it. And what's great about this is actually they're really quick battles because I can put in something that can do like max damage straight away like that. And already that's 50 each. Ah, see, it all adds up at 90. I'm not doing a thing for 90. I'm an Owen man. I've got bigger things on my plate. All right, so we'll go for you. Yeah, I don't need any more. Oh, it's all herbivores. Interesting, I thought the next one might switch to them. But I guess that makes sense. It's a herbivore pack, isn't it?  I know, right? But, it's amazing that your comments, I heard that all the way through. All the way to here. Right, so the next one I'm assuming will be three and then the final one will also be three. There you go, another 50 and just use you. Yeah, what ebbs? I don't think any of them had more. We got what, a labyrinthosaurus which is probably got the most health. Then it Montesaurus and then Psegnosaurus? I don't know, maybe it is. And Montesaurus, look at you. I think you had your own unique animation actually. Or maybe you didn't, maybe you're just a parasol. God knows, and it is Psegnosaurus. We need another aura. Oh, I don't know, why are these always so quiet? I have no idea, I need to fix that. Make them loud in. I don't know whether I need to make the audio file louder but I think they're always the same. Some setting I've got to look at, I'm sure. All right, okay, what else? Oh, are we, we have a little bit of an issue here. Oh, there it is, another 50, sweet. And the final one is not difficult. Almost a parasol at level 40 can take them on but I'm not going to do that. We're going to use one monostegotops at level 40 with 1,885, bam, poor, this thing's died so many times and now it's apparent, ooh. Trust it, you see what it did with his hand there? It has its hands down here, they went like, and broke it, like keep my arm like that and then went, eh, with a tongue. Oh, she just went for one actually. Oh, grab boost cash and rexy DNA in Jurassic World. This was two months ago. Oh, two minutes, ah, two minutes ago. Hold on, I'm kind of curious, what do you mean grab rex, oh. You know it'll be, it'll be the paid for incubate, that's what it'll be, it won't be free.  And out of all of that I can't, I did get an epic or a legendary or whatever, which I guess isn't so bad but we didn't get any DNA apart from that. And we do have this which is for two days and the max price, I think I have this thing but oh, 7,000 DNA, have we got three of those? Ooh, we should probably do that. Okay, we'll do one, we'll do one because I just wanna see, now normally when it comes to the VIP battles, oh God, definitely not. They're a lot quicker to get to the top but that doesn't mean they're easier. Normally, oh, we'll see, we'll see. I know, like I said, I normally find, oh God, this is gonna be a long one, isn't it?  I'm gonna watch it, it'll instantly go for its attacks, right, ready and boom. Nobody does that, nobody swaps in something and then goes, and puts everything on it. Even then, sometimes they're like a block here or attack there and then reserve, so at this point there's no point heading, I don't think they are, I think they're fine even if I say that they're bots because they are. But it was always like this thing back in the day, I remember I did a paid for, it was like Oddwings, I think it was called, I still remember it because it was my first ever sponsored video where a company got in touch with me and said, oh, we'll actually pay you to make a video on that game and I was like, you've got to be kidding. Really? That's a thing? And would you believe that that never happened with Universal, I don't think I would ever, ever been paid for a Jurassic video, ever. I think, I hope I'm right about that, but not Universal, I've never done it. Anyway, in that game, it was like a multiplayer mode and I think I mentioned in the multiplayer that these weren't real people.  Like I just knew they weren't real people. And I think in the list of changes they wanted made, they wanted that taken out. They were like, no, no, no, no, no. You can't say that even though it's true. They're real people. Yeah, actually they probably said like, oh, take that out, but they didn't say why, but I knew why because they didn't want it out there, but you know, because that's the thing when this game, Jurassic World, the game came out, everybody thought they were real people and even in Jurassic Park Builder, we knew that they were bots, which is interesting because you think with Jurassic World the game, they would change it and make it real people. They didn't. We'll see how quickly we, if we get to, we start a recruit or a hatchling, if we get a recruit, then that means we're going pretty high. Yeah, that doesn't, okay, so you need at least two, like a good bowel, a good bowel and you can get in there. So maybe it could be worth it. I think actually even just getting to the top is probably worth it because you get super DNA, I think. We'll have a look. I'm noticing I've got something to collect and I think that's what that is probably telling me. Oh no, it's just, it's bo-boss DNA. Yeah, oh, we got a pet dinosaur. Hold on, I have one of these ready for these exact moments. Yeah, it's a tabby, yes. I've got exactly 10 of these because if I get that, I think it's every week or is it every couple of days, we can just quickly go through, not even worry, and boom, done, 18 DNA. And is this good? Oh, okay, oh, and it's rage. Right, let's go, let's go. Let's hopefully not mess this up. We got 200, at least the game supplies its own comedy, I suppose. Oh no, yeah, look, there it is, the tournament. We do get a super DNA for it. And then you'll probably get it. Dominator League, Hunter League. Yeah, if you did this right away, you'd only do like maybe 10 battles and you'd get so much. Um, is it super DNA? I don't even know if it's cold now. No, it used to be super DNA, then they were like, ah, it's just red gigankosophilus DNA. Or is there the names at the bottom of them? So that's nice, I think that's it up there. All right guys, we'll end it there because, well, the game doesn't want me to do any more, so we'll not. But if you enjoyed this video, leave a like and until next time, I'll see you kiddies later. Oh, bye-bye.


In yoga, the word naga and the word kala are used synonymously. Both mean the same thing in a way. Why would snake and time mean the same thing? Time as we know it in terms of seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years and decades and centuries and millennia. The time that we know in our experience is essentially an outcrop of an infinite space whose nature is timelessness. Probably these names are just heard, probably nobody really bothers to ask why they are named like this. You have heard of certain snake being called anantha. Anantha means eternal. So there is one snake which represents eternity. This is why the kala serpa is in the form of infinite symbol or infinity symbol that is representing eternal, it is a kala serpa. There is another snake which is called a shesha naga. You heard of that? When the creation collapses, when galaxies collapse, there will be some residue left. That is the shesha. If you have learned mathematics in a local language in India, you would know shesha means the residue in the mathematics. What is leftover? What is the reminder? In English it's called the reminder, that is the shesha. So this is the shesha naga, one who is left over from previous creations. So one who is left over is very vital for the next creation to happen to have some kind of information which can go into the next making of the creation. So when we say creation, we mean everything. We don't mean a universe or a galaxy or a planetary system, we mean everything. Everything that is created at some point collapses. In that there is a shesha or something that is a reminder which becomes the basis for the next creation. This is the 84th creation according to the yogic sciences. When we say this is the 84th creation, we have not arrived at it by going and looking into the galaxies and cosmic spaces as to what is happening there. By looking into this one, we see there is a record of 84 creations. That is the shesha in us, the reminder in us that there have been 84 creations. How many more can happen? Well, up to 112 can happen. The 112 beyond that, the creation will not be of physical nature, will be of pure energy form. This is what it means by saying only 112 chakras are physically manifest, rests or above the body or beyond the body means they are beyond physical nature. So the future creations, we are not talking in terms of years or centuries or millennia or even millions of years. It is many, many billions of years probably. So having said that, these are two important aspects of naga. One is kala in that, in the kala there is one which is ananta, another which is shesha. The third one is karkotaka, which is what these three aspects that we are handling here. There has not been a single civilization where there is no usage of snake as access to deeper dimensions of life. In nearly over 800 years a proper consecration of naga has not happened. This guy is special that way. This is about divinity rising within a human being who is willing. So there are two kinds of kala-sarpa yoga. One kind is to enhance one's lifespan, another wants to curtail their lifespan. The naga is sitting here, he is a Kshetrapala. Kala and naga are the same things, they are beyond physical nature. My exploration, my ability to see things have been largely aided by the naga.


Somebody wants to try to do 100 deals here, go. Be unstoppable. Just don't stop. I don't care if you're, if you fail, fail, fail. Just keep going. What else are we gonna do? That's what I don't understand about low producers or people that quit or people that make excuses. What else are you doing? Anybody here know Quinn Tabies-Perdette? This guy, he's in my coaching program. He sold 100 properties this first year last year in Mississippi. Made a half a million dollars first year. And, you know, we were talking, he was on my show last week and he was talking about he gave this list of expires, like 300 of them. He gave it to these agents in his office that said they wanna sell 100 properties a year. And after like four or five days, they called two of them and he went and he just took it back. He's like, well, I'm gonna call him then. He gave them the, you know, his prospects, he gave it to them.  There's zero competition. You can't do all the business. He understands that. Somebody wants to try to do 100 deals here, go. But it's up to you to do it. But what I asked him was, is what else is she doing? Like what else do you do besides what you're supposed to do? I don't know. I've never done anything else, except for what's productive and what I know is gonna help me get to the next level. So I don't know. I'll never relate if you catch my drift.


One of the components we were just talking about was looking at aggregate stability, how water stable those aggregates actually are, and within this demonstration what we did is we actually filled up water within the jars that we were talking about. Again, you can see the screens are submerged within each jar, and what we're actually going to do is place two clods, of course one is a conventionally tilled and one is a no-till clod, and demonstrate the difference between having something that's very water stable and something that has a very poor aggregate stability, and typically when you look at this from any standpoint, this is a conventionally tilled clod, you can see that there are no pores in the no-till clod, you can actually see there's actually wormholes within the clod itself, and that's something that we want to look at, but the other thing that you need to keep in mind is as you pick out and use a clod from a conventionally tilled field, the question is, is this clod actually from the soil matrix itself, or is it from a, or developed from compaction, and that's not going to actually work very well within this demonstration, and those cohesive forces by smashing the pore space out is actually going to look as though it has good aggregate stability, and that's really not something we want to demonstrate. So anyway, what the demonstration goes like this, the no-till clod, some of the things that you actually, you'll look at very quickly here, is that we're going to be moving water into the clod itself, air will actually come out, of course, we've talked about this before, there's a lot of pore space, about half of this, the soil matrix is pore space, so as we immerse that clod, you can actually see that the bubble's actually coming up, that water actually coming up, or that water rushing in, the air coming out, and then we'll immerse our conventionally tilled clod also, and in both cases we're actually looking at this thing, we're actually seeing soil particles fall off, however the question is, is to what extent are we actually talking about the clods actually falling apart, and how cohesive that actually is over time. So let's just look at this demonstration and follow it through here. Okay, after we've let this sit for a while, you can actually see that there's some differences in clarity associated with two samples, typically if we start really looking at good samples for a collection, is when you look at their conventionally tilled samples, if you have samples that were recently broke out of sod, etc., they really won't show this demonstration very well, so what we want to do is collect samples that have been conventionally tilled for a long period of time, so that we can actually look at those that have poor aggregate stability. Again, as you start looking at that aggregate stability that the issues associated with it will end up with clarity differences within our samples, in many cases you're going to have to let this run for a few minutes before you actually really start to see some of those differences. Again, picking out your samples is really important within this demonstration. One of the other components of the model we're actually talking about is looking at capillary action through soils, and the demonstration that we actually have, as I mentioned before, is we have a bulletin holder, a piece of plastic, with a paper towel in it. We're going to actually look at, of course, water movement upward, in other words, against gravity associated with this paper towel, as a demonstration. Again, as I mentioned before, you can actually submerge it either as it is or you can put food coloring just to make it show up better within the demonstration. We're going to do that, put a few drops in, mix it up a little bit, and as you can imagine, water is going to move up the paper towel as we demonstrate and talk about capillary activity. We've let this sit a few minutes and you can actually see the amount of capillary activity we actually have now within this demonstration. Again, this demonstration we probably should let it go for a few minutes, so I would recommend we start it fairly early, and that way it gives us an opportunity to see capillary flow in action over time. We can do this with a paper towel or we can actually do this with a soil volume also and look at water moving up in that soil column.


Hello everybody. I'm Dr Frank Atherton and I'm the new Chief Medical Officer for Wales. I started work here just a couple of weeks ago. I just want to tell you a little bit about myself, about where I've come from and why I've come to Wales and what my aspirations and hopes are for the time that I'm going to be Chief Medical Officer here in Wales. So I'm a general practitioner by training, but I've worked in a number of health systems. I became very interested in international development and I've worked in a number of countries around the world. And then I worked in Lancashire as a Director of Public Health for 10 years. And more recently I've worked in Nova Scotia. And my travels and work experience around the world has convinced me of one important thing and that is that there's no such thing as the perfect health system. There are good elements in health systems everywhere. And there are many good elements of the health system here in Wales and I'm looking forward to hearing and learning about those. A lot of people have asked me, well, why did you move to Wales? And there's a number of reasons behind that decision. First of all, the population size here is 3 million people. We should be able to do something really exciting with that population size. I know that the health indicators are improving and that's great news for Wales. We know that the healthy life expectancy is improving. Some of the disease specific mortality rates are getting better. But there's still a huge challenge because in some areas we lag behind England and we still face enormous health inequalities here in Wales. Partly down to the industrial legacy, partly down to areas of deprivation. But we can do better and we need to do better here in Wales. So I know that there's a level of ambition here and some of the legislation that recently the government has put in place around particularly the health and wellbeing of future generations but also the active travel bill and ACT and the work around social service integration. All of that shows me that there's a great ambition here to make things better for the people of Wales and I'm really excited to be a part of that. People have asked me what my ambitions are in my time as chief medical officer here. It's very early days and I'm still forming the list of things that I'd like to really achieve. But in very broad terms I want to be part of that process of continuing to improve the health experience of people here in Wales and to tackling health inequalities. In more concrete terms that means looking at healthy settings making sure that the work we do in schools, in universities, in the workplace, in prisons that that's all systematically applied and that we're driving forward through healthy settings at work. We need to tackle healthy behaviours. There's unfinished business here around smoking, smoking rates are improving but there's more we need to do. I know that alcohol is a big challenge here and there are other issues around addictions. I'm thinking of gambling, substance misuse. The things which really damage individuals and damaged communities and I think we can do more in those areas. But the biggest challenge I think is to create the environment in Wales. The environment which will be conducive to better health and the legislation that I talked about really can help us to do that. So the challenge is to take that legislation, to take the framework, to take the ambition here in Wales and to turn that into something concrete to make the environment one which makes Wales the place where people can be as healthy as they need to be. So that's a little bit about me. I'm very excited to be here in Wales as the new chief medical officer. I recognise that I've got a lot to learn about the health experience here, the culture of Wales, the politics, the professionals and I'm going to get out and about, I'm going to be visiting health boards, I'm going to be out meeting people and my first few months in post will involve a lot of listening and a lot of learning and I look forward to hearing from you, from everybody, about what you see as the challenges to health here in Wales and what you see equally importantly as the opportunities. Where can we take action to drive forward health for the people of Wales? Thank you very much.


Many of us in this room have the Holy Spirit. The question is, does the Holy Spirit have you?   We need to empty ourselves and allow that water, that river of living water, to flow from deep within. The baptism with the Holy Spirit is not rain from heaven. It's a flood from within. When that water begins to overflow from my spirit, it fills the soul. When that water fills the soul, my mind is transformed. My emotions are lifted. My heart is changed. My mindsets begin to adapt to the Word of God. My personality even begins to become transformed because the soul is being overcome by the floodwaters of the Spirit.