Terrible confessions from Russian soldier.  I don't know what to do. Interviews with two Russian prisoners of war conducted by Kiev Post appear to confirm reports by Ukrainian intelligence and Western analysts that parts of the Russian army are poorly provisioned, badly motivated and generally treated as cannon fodder. One of the prisoners of war, Sergei, told Kiev Post that his unit was brought to Ukraine and told to dig trenches, but the soldiers, some straight out of prison without their own cell phones or adequate clothing, had to buy their own shovels. We had to have something to dig with, he said. They didn't give us anything. They just brought us in, threw us out in the woods and told us to dig and not to go anywhere from this strip because a drone might fly in and drop something on our heads. Sergei said that before being captured by the Ukrainians who he was told would beat him and torture him, his command informed him that he should detonate a grenade, killing himself and anyone nearby instead of surrendering. Honestly, we're fed, we bathe, we're clean, we sleep. We're all good. Sergei said of his actual experience with the armed forces of Ukraine. According to Sergei, some of his fellow captives have already finished their military contracts but haven't been allowed to go home. The captive was also critical of Russian President Vladimir Putin in the interview. He's got everybody around him, National Guard, Militia, military. He's our king. I don't know what else to call him. He doesn't change. Nobody votes for him. His own people vote for him as they should. He has to be removed, but how do you remove him? You think I'm the only one out there? There's a lot of us out there. Sergei said that he fears what will happen to him if he returns to Russia. They'll shoot me. I don't know what to do. Viktor, another prisoner of war interviewed by the Kiev Post, described a scenario where everyone in his unit was out for themselves. Each man is responsible for his own life, he said.


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey guys, good morning everybody. Welcome to another edition of theaccesotrader.com. We can update show. Hope everybody is doing well. Hope everybody's having a beautiful weekend, relaxing weekend, great time of year next week. We got Halloween a little bit, maybe excuse me, not nine days, not a little bit close, but so far, so far on deck. So let's talk about the tape. So the majority of the week had a couple of themes, right? Number one, earning season kicked off. It kicked off by the banks. Banks did fairly well, right? You had notable names like Bank of America had a nice quarter. Goldman Sachs had a nice quarter as well. Okay, Tuesday came along. We had technology earnings started kicking off. Netflix, so we'll get the individual pivots in a second. Netflix had a really good quarter. They guided higher. They beat the top line, bottom line. Hell must be freezing over somewhere because IBM beat their quarter as well. Okay, not all good news on the earnings front. You had Tesla came in a little bit light on their numbers. Elon did give a pretty good guide of an expectation of 50% growth in the next couple of years. Basically saying, I'm going to sell every single car we have. Nobody's doubted that. I don't think so at all. And Snapchat got completely torn apart on Friday. So now that we're in kind of full blown earnings move, what's going to happen next? We don't care what happened before. We don't care what we think is going to happen next. If you look at predominantly the market action, and if you just look at the chart, and all I had to tell you was below this light blue line, bad above this light blue line, good. That's the most basic part of technical analysis is understanding which ways the wind is going to blow. And we all understand that the market does have pretty good moves. Even though we're in a bear cycle, it definitely has pretty good moves. And the question is, what has changed? And that's an answer that price action could only dictate what happens next. And if you look at the chart, you'll turn around and have a really, really very vague opinion of what do you think is going to happen next. A lot of new traders are going to turn around and say, well, that was definitely the bottom. That CPI reversal that we had the previous Thursday, that was definitely the bottom. Definitely, definitely, definitely. The bear case is going to turn around and say, well, what has changed? We're still underneath the 50 day moving average. We're underneath this oil supply. And you can see here, we're kind of putting in lower highs all across the board. And they're right as well. And that's the most important part. It's not trying to figure out what's going to happen at the closing price of next Friday. It's trying to take the research that you have. If this is your first time watching this broadcast, it's all about taking the research from the night before and seeing if it confirms. If your thesis confirms the next day. Beyond that, we don't have a clue. If you think for a second, or if anybody thinks for a second, they know what's going to happen two days from now. We might not be here two days from now. So you're guessing. Anybody who's betting on option expiration for next April, they're guessing. It's all about guessing. So instead of guessing and wasting your time hoping that something comes into play, this is where technical analysis comes into play that you don't have to guess and it's all about levels. And if you trade both sides of the market, if you traded both sides of the market, especially in the last four months when we've kind of got below the 50 day moving average again, you know there's really good opportunities. And this is why this bear market is so unique. It's giving both sides of the market really good meat on the bones on most days. So even if you are a permable and you just don't trade on the short side when there is opportunity, really clear opportunity in the short side, you're being kind of made whole because there's so many days now throughout this period. Look how many intervals you've had. They have multiple days of operation bull market action. So everybody's getting a taste of this market. But if you are a new trader and you want to trade it, especially in the active intraday basis, I really encourage you to try to really understand both sides of the market because again, it's all fun and games until you are on the wrong side of bias and you don't have a clue how to get out. And that's a very, very important thing. The earlier you set your foundation, the better you will be. So let's talk about this tape. We'll talk about the key levels. The Fed spoke all day, every day. Sometimes people ask me, hey, Dan, this is a Fed speaking tape. Fed speak every day. There's some sort of Fed governor or somebody or this one or that one, even the janitor has an opinion. So assume the Fed is speaking every single day. After an event, before an event, leading up to an event, talk, talk, talk, talk. They're not saying anything different, but they're talking, talking, talking. And if you look at Friday's action, we had this really big gap down pre-market, really, really big gap down. The Q's, and we were talking about this 268 level for the whole week, the Q's were down to like 265 and change pre-market. And this is where the Fed actually said something that benefited the bulls. The Fed came out pre-market and said, hey, you know, we're not going to keep this aggressive 75-point basis points, right? We're not going to do the 100. Maybe we'll scale back a little bit. Let me see how we feel, right? Let's see how the economy is. Maybe we'll scale back to 50. Maybe we'll scale back to 25. And if you saw the pre-market action from Friday, we were all the way down here, 265. We gap down like four and a half dollars on the Q's, and the market fell in love with that headline. They liked it. They liked it enough. They took that and compounded that with the pretty good earnings that we saw in the beginning of the week with financials, some really good earnings that we saw. And again, the bar was set very, very low for technology such as a Netflix and an IBM. But again, this is one of those scenarios that we talk about all the time when bad news or any type of bad news is being embraced. That's a good thing. Again, it doesn't mean that this is a bottom.  It's just an area that made it low that we bounced up five days ago. So is it going to be a bottom? Who knows, to be determined. The only way that we'll know that the CPI reversal was a bottom is when we get above the 50-day moving average. And then we could point and say, hey, remember that day? That was the bottom. Again, other than that, nobody cares. If you're in this business about being right and getting followers and getting clicks and all that, you're doing it wrong. Everybody sees you're doing it wrong. You're cheating yourself out of a business that you have to be so freaking dominant in your attention to detail that you can't afford to be right or wrong. You have to afford to be responsible. And that's exactly what we try to do every single day, collect the data and trade off that data. And don't be afraid to be wrong. I'll give you an example. We came into Friday's session. I was 100% cell bias. Every single pivot we had was to the downside. Literally every single one, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven. Once the market started rallying and they took down, and by the way, all these stocks were below, way below, right way below their pivots, two, three, four dollars below the pivots. And we're like, wow, this is going to be a really hard day now because everything's so far below their pivots. And as everything else in the market, things change very, very quickly. Stock started Friday reclaiming those levels very, very quickly. And then we started the rally. And this is kind of what we talk about, trade both sides of the market. So next thing we went from, hey, nothing is obviously going to get confirmed. Let's start looking to the upside. This is obviously 270 on Netflix, not 370.  But Netflix, IBM is waking up. And the most important part is the market brushed off bad news. They had every opportunity this week to kind of roll over. You had that news from Apple this week that they were cutting either, for some reason, I forget the headline, was they cutting forecasts for the 14, whatever it was, but the point is the market embraced that, embraced it, and they didn't sell off.  That news from the Fed kind of pre-market really catapulted the market in a really, really strong way. And now we're getting to very, very important levels. And we'll get to that in a second. All across the board, you have all the indexes putting up 5% gains for the week, which is super bullish. This week, in all intents and purposes, was kind of successful. Overall, the earnings season has kicked off pretty successful. Obviously, Tesla not so great, but it recovered some. Snapchat got torn apart, whatever. But now going into this week, we have 25% of the S&P 500 reporting. And this is the week for a heavyweight, right? I'm talking about heavyweight technology that's obviously going to set the tone. Let's talk about that really, really quickly. Monday, you got a little bit of a light session. Nobody really that significant. But Tuesday starts it up. You got Microsoft. You got Google. You got General Electric. You got Visa. Chipotle. General Motors. Coke. Spotify. JetBlue. TripleM. UPS. You kind of get the point. A lot of names, very significant names. Wednesday, you got Meta. You got Boeing. You got Ford. You got TDOC, right? You got Bristol Myers. NOW. But Thursday is definitely the day. Thursday is the Super Bowl of important tech leaders, right? You got Amazon. You got Apple. You got Intel. You got Shopify. You got Pinterest. Obviously not as significant as the other ones. Gilead, McDonald's, so forth, Caterpillar, so forth and so forth. So it's going to be a significant week, right? And obviously that is the immediate catalyst. Can the market continue to shake off bad news, right? Can the market continue to shake bad news and start propelling higher? And again, day by day, one-traded time. So this is the most important areas for the market coming up this week. For us to have any significant legs, right? Especially in technology. You see this whole channel here, right? This whole channel here that's trying to get above. The queue is going to need to build above this 277 level, right? If the queues can build above the October, October 18 highs, then if you believe in the theory supply, supply, demand of the man, that's kind of the whole point of this fear, 60 theory. If we can get above this 277 level, then look at much room we have. The next measure potential move is 284. So it is a very, very important week. The last thing we want to see is all the things that the bulls accomplish and make sure the bull, the bears would not get control and kind of lose all that on a test of this 277 only to get rejected, right? It's a very, very important area of the market. So that's going to be super important this week. The spies, really great move, okay? Incredibly, incredibly really good move here. Here's the next area that's super important going into next week. You got 375.50. If the spies can get above this 375 level, and it's 375.50, you could tell here we closed 74.80, excuse me, 74.20s. But if we can get above 75.50s, then you have a nice move here, measure potential to 79.81. Again, this doesn't mean we're completely out of the woods, and this is the bottom, no guys. That's the whole point I'm trying to say. Day by day, take it day by day, trade by trade. Don't overthink. Don't start putting the cart in front of the horse while talking about, well, now we need a build above 387. 387, as far as I know, and I know, I promise you guys no math, carry the three. As far as I understand, don't you need to get above 375 and a half before we're talking about 387, right? You just don't jump steps. Baby steps, one by one by one, right?  The only way the market's running is we reclaim the 50-day moving average, and that's not anywhere there, okay? Not yet, okay? So hopefully baby steps to bulls can start kind of marching slowly into that direction. When you look at the IWM, kind of the same pictures here. Last move, it got stuffed into supply. Some important levels we obviously need to get above the 173.50 level, right? If you can get above the 173.50 level on the IWM, then you've got to move into the recent highs of 177. Any close above 177 for the IWM, then you have at least the 50-day moving average in sight. But baby steps, again, don't run before you can learn how to crawl, and that's a very important level. And if you look at a lot of charts this week, and again it took me, I could have put 400 charts in the watch list today, because realistically if we continue, everything's going to go. It's not picking, you know, it's not trying to pick the diamond in the rough, trying to squeeze one out of the rock. If they go, they all go, right? So if you look at the charts, they all mirror the cues. So for example, if Apple starts taking down this whole level, it has room to 150, 152. If for example, Nvidia starts taking down this whole level here, this whole range here. It has room to 132, 133. There's a lot of really good-looking charts. Look at charts like ILMN, for example. Look at this thing. It's coming out of a tight, tight range. It's not usually a name that I want to really focus on. But boy, oh boy, look at this channel. This is all airspace ahead of earnings. So something like this is very important. You got names like Netflix that, you know, they were talking, they were coming for the 300s for next week. Just a phenomenal move again. We'll get to the pivots in a second. Just an absolute phenomenal movie. It looks like you have 295 and 310 coming up ahead. So now the question is, can the Bulls play with their, you know, play with the love that they found, the resurgence of energy, the resurgence of commitment to levels? Can the Bulls continue what they started going through this week to be determined? But the most important part is its baby steps. At least we got something to work on. If you're on the bullish case, if you're on the bearish case, you better understand those levels. Because if they start taking down those levels, you know, you can make all the excuses in the world. You're going to get squeezed. Again, it's all about levels, not about opinions. I love Tesla long. I love Tesla short, but I'm not going to trade Tesla long if it's screaming to me to the downside and vice versa. So it's very, very important to kind of, again, see the market for what it is and not for what you want. So, you know, the pivots again, like we talked about, right? You know, there's a really good pivot. You know, on the downside on Thursdays, it broke 207, it went down to 202. This was the pivot on Monday. 202 now needs to build. Came nowhere near. Amazon came down to the 1320 pre-market before the rally. Came nowhere near. NVIDIA, same thing. Apple, same thing. The only one that confirmed, I took this for a small scalp, 5640 for builds below can flush. Only went down to like 5580s, 5570s. And then it woke up with everything else. Microsoft didn't get close. So once everything started waking up, you know, we turned around and we said, listen, let's not be creative here. Let's look at the two stocks that had good earnings, right? It had some sort of cattle. So you can see here, nothing came close. And that was Netflix, 27 needs to build. So not only did Netflix take out the 270, and here was the 60-minute view of this 270 level, right? You see this whole area here? This whole range here? Not only it took the 270, it started taking down this 279.30. Why was 279.30 important? Because, well, that's the earnings high. So guys, 279.30, huge area.  You can see it took out the earnings highs and just went out of its mind into the 390, into the 290, 291 area. Same thing with IBM, right? Same thing with IBM. IBM 129 needs to build. These are the two best charts. Everything else was in limbo. Everything else was kind of in the middle of the ranges that a lot of times were held this week. But here was IBM. Same thing. You had the earnings high being put in. You could see here on the 60-minute view. You had the earnings highs being put in, right? Here's the earnings highs right here. 129, right? Put in the earnings highs, 129.30, and then there it goes. The stock went to like 131 and change. I'm sorry, 129 went to 131 and change. So nice move on IBM. Phenomenal move on Netflix. And now we are seeing if everything else could get pulled up. Fantastic rally into the close on Monday. And now the question is, can the bulls do it again? It's like somebody winning the five-cent slot machine once for 500 bucks. You're not then deemed as a professional gambler. Do it again, right? You did it. You hit it twice. Do it again. That's the same thing for trading, right? Same thing goes for the macro picture. Bulls, you had a good week. You shook off a lot of news. Do it again. And guess what? Then do it again. And if you want to really go strong, do it again. Guys, have a great weekend. Stay blessed, everybody. Stay healthy. And with God's help, I'll see you all on Monday. Take care.


Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics, Vulture Institute, Solopu. Friends in this video, we are just going to focus on the different applications of FET, which also called as a junction FET, that is JFET. At the end of this video, you should be able to describe the applications of JFET as a voltage variable resistor and another is the JFET as amplifier. And we just go into the first discussion point, which is the JFET's application as the voltage variable resistor. So friend, the term also describe that this is a resistor whose value is depending upon the voltage in the circuit. So friend here we use a FET in this way, that is, it is a diagram that shows you the FET and it has got three terminals, which is called drain, source and the gate. Now we just apply the battery between drain and the source, which is called as the voltage V0, that is the voltage VDS. And whereas we are applying the voltage from gate to source, that is the voltage VGS there. Now friend, we know here, actually when we are going to plot the output characteristics or I can say the drain characteristics for the given JFET by applying this battery from drain to source, which is normally called the voltage VDS, which is normally kept constant and we are going to supply voltage from gate to source in reverse bias direction. So friend, these are the simple circuit I can arrange it here. And we know here the drain characteristics can be drawn for the given JFET having these kind of nature. Friends you are seeing some hash portions are shown here. So I am just marking some of the names on this top. So region from this O to A, it is O to A basically, it is called as the ohmic region. From this A to this I think O dash here I can say this one, it is nothing but a region in which the output is not changing that much sharply. But above this vertical red line, you see that the current remains constant here. And this is normally called as a region of saturation. This also can be called as a pinch of region. So again friend, we are discussing now the VVR as an application of a FET, that is a voltage variable resistance application of a FET here. So here we are going to consider only the graph from this O to A. Because friend, you see that this is a graph between the output current that is current in the drain and the voltage from drain to source here. You see that the graph is simply showing us a straight line with some angle and friend in this region is found that the output current follows the input voltage quite linearly. So friend, this is a region we used to describe the JFETS application as the voltage variable resistance here. As I said earlier, this portion O A is nothing but called as the ohmic region and that is of concentration. Now friend going deep in this application how we make the arrangement here. As I said earlier, you are going to keep this voltage from drain to source, a constant one. It is not changed here. But whereas I am going to have a batteries applied from gate to source so that the gate to source will be made reverse biased here. Friend in the figure I am showing you the end channel JFET and so that in that end channel JFET the gate is made of P type material and so that the gate of that FET will be given to some negative voltage which ensures that the gate to source is reverse biased here. And friend we are going to vary this voltage here which is from gate to source to manage the width of channel in the FET and we know friend here. So this is a voltage variations we are going to have and so that with this voltage change here you are going to vary the channel width of the end channel in the given FET. Friend in fact we say that suppose if I increase the voltage from this gate to source which is a reverse biased voltage here and so that you are going to increase, you are going to increase the depletion layer width here. And friend you are going to have some control in this given circuit here. And I am just chopping here this graph here because this is nothing but a given graph of this interest here. So friend there is one thing that you have to just admire here just see here it is an end channel FET here. So the channel is made of end type material and the voltage is now shown here that we indicate the duration of the arrow here but actually we are applying the negative voltage from gate to source here and that is providing me this graph here. This is nothing but a region by at which we are going to see the FET is working as a voltage variable resistor. If I suppose take one thing here that is this is a battery, friend currently battery now get reversed here because we are going to make this junction reverse biased here because gate is made of P type material. So this reverse biased voltage from gate to source this one is suppose increased so that that depletion width in this end channel is get increased here. And we know here when width of this channel get decreased here resistant offer by this FET is get increased here. And so that there is a change in a current in the given device here ok. So friend again I revise this application here currently we are going to have a constant batteries applied from drain to source that flows some constant drain current in the FET here. But after that we are going to change the reverse voltage from gate to source here and that will vary the width of depletion here in this end channel and which is decreasing the current flowing in the channel here. And friend this is why it is called as a voltage variable resistor. Friend we get one more application of this FET which is called as a JFET as a amplifier. So we know friend here again FET has got three terminals here. So we can configure this JFET in three different type of connections here. One is called common source configuration second is common drain and third is common gate. Friend similarly in the case of BJT we also have some biasing methods we adopt here in the case of JFET amplifiers. That is we get a fixed bias method then the cell bias and the voltage divider biasing these are the popular biasing methods we use in the JFET amplifier connections. Friends why we go for JFET or the FET as amplifier? Friends FET amplifiers has got some benefits over BJT amplifiers. First of all we are getting excellent voltage gain we are also having a higher input impedance which is again a benefit again circuit showing me less power consumption. So friend also we get one more very good benefit is having a very good frequency response compared with the BJT amplifiers. So friend with these advantages we are going for normally the FET amplifiers for practical solutions there. Friend this is a small circuit that describe you a common source amplifier that uses a fixed biasing. And the input is given at a gate the output is taken across the drain to the ground. And friend if you see that the batteries apply from gate to ground here that is from gate to ground so this RG which is confirming that the gate to source junction is a reverse biasing. And moreover this circuit provides me 180 degree phase shift between input signal and the output signal which is same as in the case of BJT amplifier. Friend we can minimize or we can simplify this JFET amplifier by replacing this JFET by its AC current circuit here which consists of a current score current source whose value is nothing but gm into Vgs in parallel with resistance Rd which is called the drain resistance here. So it is a circuit which is now simplified. Now friend we also can find the value of different parameters here. That is we can find the value of input impedance. So by looking into the input port here this one this RG is between this input terminal to the ground here. So nothing but this RG is the input impedance. Now for the output impedance friend here now we look for this output port into the circuit. You find these are their parallel combination of this Rd and Rd what is AC condition or these are DC condition here. So it comes as Rt parallel Rd here but normally friend in the practical cases this AC drain resistance is very high as compared with the Rd we connect in the circuit. So friend normally this value of Zo which is the output resistance or output impedance is coming simply as Rd. And this one more thing is coming here we always can find the value of the output voltage here. So it is a current source. The voltage available in this output is equal to this Rd parallel Rd into the current flowing in this parallel combination here. Now this current now takes in the reverse direction basically because in circuit current flow from top to bottom here but to get this VO as a positive at the top terminal here current has to get reversed here. So I will define this way equal to which is same as the voltage Vgs here is minus gm times Vgs means this current value into the parallel combination of Rd and Rd. But again friend we know here what is the voltage here. The ratio of the voltage Vgs and the voltage on the input side that is voltage Vgs and the voltage Vgs here. And we define this also by the factor mu which is nothing but equal to minus gm into this Rd parallel Rd that is the load of this given circuit here. So friend roughly I can see here this mu can be simply defined as ratio of this Vdc that is Vds to the voltage Vgs here which is simply coming as minus gm into Rd because Rd parallel Rd is nothing but equal to simple Rd. So friend roughly in the circuit here in the practice the voltage gain is simply depending upon the trans conductance of a given transistor and the load value. Friend this is these are some features of this amplifier we see that this amplifier gives me high input impedance it offers me low output impedance it offers us a very good voltage gain this also offers us a very good current gain values. Friend these are my references for discussion I hope this video is helping you to understand some basics of FETs. Thank you for listening my video thanks for watching.


Honorable representatives your children and grandchildren will proudly tell their friends that their parent or grandparent helped to pass this law to protect their innocence. Honorable senators please protect our students and teachers from being forced to live in an alternative universe created by cultural confusion and adolescent fantasies. You just heard from Louisiana pastor turned politician John Raymond who is running to represent district 104 of Louisiana and the clips that you just watched were featured proudly on his campaign website. The first video was a testimony that he gave in support of a bill to ban LGBTQ plus books from school libraries under the pretense of quote-unquote protecting the innocence of children and the second was a testimony that he gave in support of a bill that would mandate the dead naming of trans people in order to again protect children and there's many more videos of him testifying in support of his state GOP's draconian theocratic policies all in an effort to quote-unquote protect children so you're probably sensing a little bit of a theme here right this issue is very close to his heart apparently as a parent and headmaster of a Christian academy now to be fair there's more to John than just wanting to protect children from the LGBTQ plus boogeyman he also owns a Christian radio station and has produced what he calls music videos which I would highly encourage you to check out by the way and on top of that he was the first cast away voted out of survivor Thailand back in 2002 but the main takeaway that I want you to have about John it's that he really really really really cares about protecting kids that's not me editorializing that's basically his mission that's what he focuses primarily on with regards to his political activism the problem is that kids don't need to be protected from LGBTQ plus people they need to be protected from him because he's demonstrated multiple times that he literally poses a danger to children considering the fact that he's been charged with four counts of criminal cruelty towards juveniles as LGBTQ nation explains he was arrested last year after he allegedly punished three students by taping their mouth shut according to nola.com Raymond wrapped packing tape around three 13 year olds heads for talking excessively in class the students were sent back to class where another administrator who felt uncomfortable with the situation removed the tape the students reportedly had trouble breathing and said that removing the tape was painful Raymond turned himself into police after they obtained a warrant for his arrest and was charged with three counts of cruelty to juveniles in a statement Raymond accused students of quote unquote bullying a teacher and said that all three were given the choice to either have their mouths taped shut or have him call their parents and be suspended he denied that the tape was wrapped around their heads and said that it was removed within 10 minutes after the school's principal expressed concern. Raymond was arrested again in May of 2022 this time for allegedly holding a four-year-old boy upside down by the ankles Raymond was accused of whipping the child's buttocks and in a separate incident he was accused of covering the boy's mouth and nose with his hand to stop a tantrum according to the Lafayette Daily Advertiser witnesses said the boy could not breathe and went limp remaining out of it and lethargic. So we're not talking about a one-off situation he can't say look I lost my temper I had a lapse in judgment and I overreacted because that that would be bad in and of itself right but we are talking about an alleged serial child abuser here who poses a real danger to children that he's around seemingly all the time given that he is the headmaster of a Christian Academy but yet in May he told USA Today that he is completely innocent and called the allegations preposterous but at the same time in April he released a statement after the story broke admitting that he taped the boy's mouth shut but it was only for 10 minutes like we saw that in the article but at the same time we know that he's also lying about that because a local CBS affiliate stated that it was about 45 minutes. The arrest by slide out police Thursday came after a complaint about March 18th school discipline he administered that was investigated by the Office of Children and Family Services. The police department said another administrator at the school had to cut the tape wrapped around the kids heads after 45 minutes when they had trouble breathing. So the three boys allegedly had tape over their mouths for 45 minutes not 10 minutes and even if it were just 10 minutes that still is completely unacceptable but he put tapes over their heads allegedly sent them back to class and they were probably humiliated on top of that they couldn't breathe according to them. So this is serious this is unacceptable but the allegations are preposterous even though yeah I kind of put the tape on their heads it was only for 10 minutes though actually I didn't put it over the heads I put it over their mouths I mean look he's full of shit I don't believe him I believe that he did do these things and I think that most people in the community do as well but when you consider that allegation from the three boys along with the other allegations that we heard of right physically assaulting these children he'd go to jail if he did that to an adult but he spanked them he held a four-year-old upside down allegedly by the ankles and nearly suffocated a kid to stop a tantrum I mean it's evident that this man is a clear danger to children and should not be around any child but yet this man wants you to believe that he cares about protecting children and it's his number one issue yeah kids don't need to be protected from LGBTQ plus people John they need to be protected from abusers like you alleged abusers I should say so once again we have another instance where an accusation from a republican politician turns out to be a confession because as we all know every accusation is a confession everything that they say about other groups of people is usually them projecting because they're the ones who pose the danger that they say queer people pose to children but I mean the hypocrisy doesn't just stop there at the time that he was arrested and charged with child cruelty he was also a member of the executive committee for the Louisiana Republican Party he's well known in right-wing circles in his state now he's currently running to be a state representative and was formally officially connected to the GOP in the state so the question is what was their response to all of this right because the bills that he testified in support in support of that you watched at the beginning of this video those were all pieces of legislation that the state republican party sponsored meaning that they also have made protecting children from LGBTQ plus people in particular one of their main priorities so the question is what are they going to do I mean naturally it seems like their only option is to denounce and distance themselves from this man since he was literally charged with child cruelty so that way I don't know people believe them when they say they care about protecting children but that's not what happened they have not distanced themselves from him in fact the state party has endorsed his campaign I am not making this up at the top of his website you can see the state party's emblem and an image that says that he was endorsed by the Louisiana Republican Party so I just want to pause right there to take this all in the Republican Party of Louisiana who has dedicated a lot of time on the taxpayer's dollars mind you to protecting children is choosing to endorse somebody who is charged with child cruelty make it make sense because it doesn't now to make matters even worse it's not like this was the only choice and there was nobody else in the race there was another republican in the race that they could have endorsed instead but they didn't do that even though if you go to the opponent's website the opponent of John Raymond to be clear it's one of the first things you see when you look at his issues page is that he wants to protect children so the state party literally has another option who says clearly that I too want to protect children presumably from the LGBTQ plus boogeyman and the Louisiana Republican Party said sorry man we're going to go with the guy who was charged with child cruelty instead it just is so outrageous that you have to assume this is a mistake right perhaps he took it upon himself to pretend like he was endorsed and he put that on his website when they didn't actually endorse him this wouldn't be the first time that this has happened right we've seen politicians in the past pretend like they were endorsed or imply heavily that they were endorsed when they didn't actually get that endorsement so perhaps he is lying or he assumed that they would endorse him since he has a longtime association with the party but no that's not actually right either the Shreveport Times reached out to the state republican party and asked them did you really endorse the alleged child abuser after your whole thing has been protecting kids and the response was yeah of course we did they explain Louisiana Republican Party chairman Louis Gervitch confirmed in a text that the executive committee endorsed Raymond Raymond's opponent in the race for the house district 104 seat fellow republican Jay Gull of Manville said he was shocked by the endorsement I bet as a lifelong republican it's an embarrassment said Gull while acknowledging Raymond's right to the presumption of innocence quote the party puts itself out there as a protector of children said Gull a former marine and businessman who now manages his family's real estate portfolio quote I can't express how disappointed I am that the Louisiana Republican Party has chosen to endorse a candidate with not one not two not three but four criminal charges of cruelty to children and I mean yeah Jay's right but Jay you might not have child abuse charges against you but uh were you on survivor though because we kind of want to go with the guy who was on survivor maybe the Louisiana Republican Party is just CBS reality show diehards and they just they're like nope that guy he was on survivor so we want that clout I guess it's going to help us with the younger demographics the kids who are still watching survivor in 2023 I mean I don't know what to say I would say that this is extremely embarrassing not just for the Louisiana Republican Party but republicans everywhere but I mean that point is moot because this party doesn't have the capacity to feel shame so of course they're not going to be embarrassed by something that is incredibly hypocritical oh and one more thing the district leans heavily towards republicans and there's no incumbents so he's probably actually going to win yeah now John Raymond has previously stated that he doesn't actually think the charges are going to interfere with this campaign and so far he's been proven correct so uh yeah there you have it this is the modern republican party in a nutshell they are so concerned about protecting kids that they're going to endorse a man literally charged with four counts of child cruelty to demonstrate that they're really dedicated to protecting children I mean Jesus Christ it feels like this is a parody but nope it's just the modern day republican party folks pride


White-tailed deer are the most widely distributed wild ungulate in North and South America. Although they're more common in the eastern U.S., they can be found in many parts of Wyoming. Compared to mule deer, white-tail are usually smaller in body size, have regular-sized ears, and have a distinctive white underside of their tail, hence the name. This white-tail is lifted and used like a flag when deer are alarmed to warn others of impending danger. The antler structure of mule and white-tail is also different. White-tail antlers are smaller, curve-forward, and are often atypical. Mule deer are more common in Wyoming, and there is some concern that white-tail are increasing in numbers and pushing mule deer out of their traditional range. White-tail are very adaptable to different habitats, but are often found in lower elevations and on agricultural fields in Wyoming. When white-tailed deer wave their white flag, they aren't surrendering. They're just warning others so they aren't ambushed. From the University of Wyoming Extension, I'm Mae Smith, Exploring the Nature of Wyoming.


Amazing. Well done, Mustafa Ali. Thank you so much for that recitation. Really, really appreciate your time. And now we're at the part of the show where to kick off our guests. And as you've seen, we're going to be joined by brother Ibrahim Al-Ansari, who's going to be doing the daily du'a segment of the show. It's the first episode, so brother Ibrahim, as-salamu alaikum. As-salamu alaikum. How are you today? Alhamdulillah. We are good. We're doing fine. Thank you very much. We're doing fine. We're very excited to have you on the show. Excited to be here again. We remember some good times from our last series. And so for this is the first of many episodes, insha'Allah, we're going to be joined by some enlightening and invigorating kind of discussions about du'as, ziyaras, and supplications. Insha'Allah to meet your good thoughts, insha'Allah. Insha'Allah, brilliant. So Zahra, today we're going to be focusing on the birth of Sayyid al-Fatima Zahra, al-Ansari. As-salamu alaikum. Lady of light. And there is a particular part of the du'a that you've chosen. So tell us first and foremost what is the actual du'a or the ziyara that you've chosen and the specific parts that we're going to be discussing today. Insha'Allah, definitely. First of all, congratulations to you and to the Islamic Ummah on the birth anniversary of Fatima al-Zahra. Now this extract that I chose is actually from the ziyara of Fatima al-Zahra, al-Ansari. Now instead of telling you from which part it is, I actually want to get to that after we recite it just because I feel like even the exact position of it within the ziyara plays a big effect within the status of Fatima al-Zahra herself as well. So insha'Allah if we can get to that after we recite it. Okay, definitely. So do you want to, should we go through the recitation now? Yes, insha'Allah. Allahumma Salaam. Thank you so much. It's beautiful. So you mentioned that even this particular extract in the position of the entire ziyara, there is a significance behind that. Yes, now when you look at this specific extract, usually if I was to look at this extract without having seen the ziyara before, my guess would be it would be amongst the middle towards the end whereas it is in fact the very first lines of the ziyara, the very, very first lines of the ziyara. And now it is amazing. People might be asking why is that still amazing? It's because when we look at ziyara, when we recite our salutations to the imams, we usually start with As-salamu alaika Rasulullah. As-salamu alaika Ya'aba Abdullah. As-salamu alaika Amir al-Mu'mineen. This one, it goes straight into Ya Mumtahana. And of course this is narrated from Imam Al-Baqar, Ali of the Rasulati was-Salaam. When he comes to speak about his grandmother Fatima to Zahra and before he sends his salams to her, he says Ya Mumtahana. What is he trying to tell us? There's something very big about this word. There must be something very big about this thought that he even put it before his salams upon his grandmother. When we look at what it truly means, Mumtahana means a tested one, a trialed one. Now the moment I think, why would he look at Fatima to Zahra as a trialed one? Aren't we all trialed? Do I not have a trialed? Do you not have a trialed? They're all trialed. Every single human on earth, part of our life is that we are going through imtahan, through a trial. Then he carries on. The one that created you, with the imams is very beautiful how they say their words. They add these lessons, they add these parts of tawheed, they add these parts of Allah SWT. He makes sure that he emphasizes Allah SWT, the one who created you, created this amazing being. Before he created you. Now this is one of many parts which are the great sayings of Fatima to Zahra because when the ulamas look into this, they say that unlike any single one of us, in fact, let's put all of us to the side. Unlike the Prophet SAW, we are all trialed in this world. We are all given our ibtila during this world. Whereas Fatima to Zahra, during alam and dhar, which is before we were created, Allah SWT brought her to the throne. He said these are the trials that you will face during your lifetime. Then what does the imam answer? He found you patient. So Fatima to Zahra, in fact, showed true submission to Allah SWT and showed the patience that Allah SWT is required from the servant of Allah SWT before she was even created. So was her trial knowing that these were her trials in this world or did she have other trials there? No, so Allah SWT told her, Fatima, when you are going to be created from day one until the day that you pass away, until the day that you meet me again, these are the trials that you will be facing. And she was patient. So for example with us, when we go through specific trials, if we are lacking, for example, our financial status is low during a specific time, we go through a trial of losing a loved one, your father, your mother. Allah SWT asks us to be patient. Do you thank Allah SWT in every single way possible? Fatima to Zahra did this before she was created. So it is one of many things that show her great status. The quality isn't it? Because I think as human beings, if we were told that even next week this could have happened to you, most people would be like panicking, losing their patience to understand that you could go through something. Because in the depth of a trial it is very difficult. So Subhanallah, how she, even at that point, before she was brought to this world, she knew about it and she took it with patience. It gives the, like you said, the reason behind why they are who they are. Because how many human beings can actually, creation can be patient in that time. It's also very interesting because you mentioned even before he even addressed Fatima Zahra, would always say, and I know it's the birth of Fatima Zahra, but we can't excuse or lead to the side the amount of tribulations or trials that she went. So it is definitely very, very interesting that the whole, the entire Ziyara starts with Ya Mumtahana. And only after this, and only after that does he send his salams to his friend, Mother Fatima Zahra. So going from the beginning, do you want to continue sort of explaining which extract you've actually, you know, the part that you've recited now. So the translation for people. So after that, after he says, He carries on to say And we claim to follow and to be patient and to believe in everything that your father and his wasi, so Imam Ali, brought towards us. So this is a claim that we make. Then he carries on with the Edo'a. We ask you if we have truly believed in you that you include us amongst those who believed in the prophet and Imam Ali so that we may give ourselves glad tidings that we have become pure in your willaya. Realize in your willaya. Not in the willaya of Amir al-Mu'mineen. Not in the willaya of Rasulullah. In your willaya. And in this specific thing where he says I find many amazing things. The way Fatima Zahra was addressed even in Hadith al-Kisa, for example. When Jibrail asks Allah SWT if he says to him Who is under the cloak? Allah SWT replies Fatima and her father Fatima and her husband Fatima and her children Now we know that usually in any language if someone wants to address if I want to say for example in a specific gathering who is there, I would start either with the eldest or with the one with the greatest status so for example a scholar and who is of the biggest status than Rasulullah SAW and he was the eldest in that gathering as well rather Allah SWT Allah, not the Imam this is even higher than the Imam Allah SWT refers to everyone who was in that household during that time in relation to Fatima Zahra We have just a couple of minutes left I just want for the benefit of the viewers the Ziara of Fatima Zahra where can we find it when should we recite it in any particular day, event how can we Now as for the Ziara of Zahra usually these Ziaras are found in Mafatih al-Janan a very beautiful book it has gathered all the Ziara and most of the Ziara I would say and it is of course found that in terms of when to recite it sending your salams to the Ma'asumin is always beautiful on any day of the week any hour of the day however of course it has greater blessings it is more appropriate to recite it for example on her birth occasion I will visit Fatima Zahra on her death anniversary because we have three different narrations for that so in every narration let's try to get closer to Fatima Zahra and for me personally I have a special connection with Fatima Zahra so personally I am always trying to recite my salams towards Fatima Zahra and asking for her aid during every step she is a beautiful personality and again we often don't do justice to these personalities because we think about immediately further they are pivotal examples in our history but her personality on its own is just amazing and it is beautiful that you have a connection with her because I know when you talk to people they have a member of our household they feel a connection with them so the fact it is with Lady of Light for you it is very beautiful but thank you so much I want to speak about the fact that the beginning is or the title is the trialled one and how that impacts in our lives but we have run out of time I think so maybe another time we can talk about that but thank you so much as ever and Inshallah we look forward to seeing you in the future mornings Inshallah So now we are going to be on to the second part of the show as you know Zahra is going to be joined by brother Bilal for the Specialist segment and that will be after a break


So, in the previous class I had actually drawn the transition matrix after step 1 for any switch in a state j and from there of course, then I also wrote the equation. So, probability that after step 1 you will be in state i in state j in time slot tau k in this time slot this will be given by if you know after 0th step or just before beginning of first step or the third step of previous time slot after that whatever is your state. So, you have to get that probability. So, if you are in state m then we need to actually multiply by all transition probability basically it is a row basically the whole column. So, this will be t now this is the same matrix which I had written earlier this is for state j for transitioning from m to i. So, for whichever things these are t j 1 m i is 0 those transitions are not permitted actually. So, only whatever are the valid those have to be used you will know this probability and you can always estimate this one and this summation has to be over m is equal to 1 to 14. This computation will be required sir if I need to converge to some value. So, what is the convergence condition and which value we had done this is from p 0 you will find out one I am going to come to convergence condition actually that is a steady state operation technically steady state is stable operation that is only we need to identify. So, now, let us come to the second matrix when we will go from state 1 to state 2 sorry whatever is there at the end of step 1 we have to go and find out what will happen after step 2. So, what is the transition probabilities in that step 2 actually. So, we will actually put that and that will be written as t 2 j. So, only thing the superscript will change from 1 to 2 because a transition which is going to happen in the second step. So, let me build up a matrix here. So, I am just going to put a 1 by 1. So, if you are in state 1 for example, remember in step 2 what happens only the packet from input to output actually that moment happens. Now, there is no packet at the input. So, no packet can go to the output. So, next state has to be only 1 and that will happen all the time. So, I have to put only 1 here rest everything will be 0. So, I will be I am just putting the entries which are existing all other entries will be 0 in the matrix. Now, look at the state 2 state 2 there is no packet which can go from input to output. So, after step 2 just before after step 1 if you are in state 2 step 2 will not make any difference you will remain only 2. So, there will be 1 here in this case look at 3 now. So, same is true for 3 if you will remain in state 3 only look at a state 4 now here. If you are in this state just after step 1 certainly this packet is going to move and once it moves you will go into state 2 and that will happen with the surety. So, you are going to put a 1 here all the entries will be only 1 and that is the important thing there is nothing like half or something because there are no exit and incoming probabilities p j bar and p a tilde are not participating here in a step 2 actually. So, the 5th one. So, 5th one will remain in 5th. So, 4 nothing will be coming 5th 1 there will be a 1 here 6th yeah there will be a movement out and you will end up in state number 3 state 3 I think you that is where you will come from 6 state 7 nothing will happen you will remain in 7 state 8 you will come to state 5 actually if you are in state 9 both of the packets will move out you will come to state 3 state 10 nothing will happen you will remain there in state 10 only state 11 you come to 7 actually right state 12 is also 7 state 13 you will remain in 13 state 14 will remain in 14. So, you have to just put somewhere a 14 here I do not have this space. So, I can put a 14 beneath 1 this will be a transition matrix for after step and I can again write down an equation. So, what will happen after step 2 you will be in a state i in a state j in time slot k will be given by whatever was the probability after step 1 transition matrix 2 in a state j from this has to be m. So, this will be a try see probability that you will be in state 1 is given by this and there is a transition probability you multiply. So, in one how you can come in what always for all other values it will be 0. So, probability of being in a state 2 even if it is there, but these transition probabilities are it does not matter. Similarly, look at what is the chance that you will be in a state 3 for example, state 3 is here i is 3. So, 1 2 3 transition is 0. So, only think 3 2 3 you will come. So, then there is a what was a after step 1 what is the probability of being in a step this is state 3 that has to come in because that comes that way actually. If you know the probability of being in a state this multiplied by transition probability you can be in this state. So, you can be in this state through this route through this route and through this route. So, sum of each probability into transition probability into transition probability sum of all these these are all mutually exclusive events will give you probability of being in a state 3 after step 2. Third one is similarly we will have third actually transition matrix this is this happens because of step 3 which is arrival into your incoming ports or incoming buffers. So, I will just draw it on this side. So, I call I actually have a superscript 3 in this transition matrix. So, if you have to go to 1 to 1 state. So, 1 to 1 remember it is because of the arrival process. If you are in state 1 there are possibility that 1 packet will arrive there is a possibility 2 packets will arrive at both the lines and there is a possibility no packet will arrive if 1 packet arrives. So, p j bar and q j bar you have to use there 2 possible ways. So, first thing p j bar let the packet be packet be there packet arrives actually p j bar square both packets will arrive. So, what will be the state both packets will arrive it is only arrival process no departure no transmission from input to output. So, you will end up in a state 9 and 8 both with equal probability remember 8 and 9 both will equal probability because they may be directed to any one of those situations. So, you have to write now. So, 8 and 9. So, this will be p j bar square p j bar square half and half when both packets are arriving when only one of them is arriving then what will happen you will always get in end up in 4. So, here you have to write 2 p j q j bar and if none of the packets arrive you remain in the same state. Similarly, state 2 you can have no packet arriving you will remain in a state 2 if 1 packet arriving 5 and 6 it will be either 5 or 6. So, 1 packet arriving probability is 2 p j q j both bars I am making half half of that and next one both packets will arrive both packet will arrive. So, there is one packet here. So, both packet will arrive one possibility they both are directed here they both are directed here one is directed here one is directed here one is directed here and one is directed here. So, this one is corresponds to which state 10 and next one corresponds to write this will correspond to 12 this one will correspond to 11 the next one also corresponds to 11 only. So, the probability for this is both are coming p j square is 1 by 4 p j bar square 1 by 4 p j bar square p j bar square. So, this what all actually has to be put here it will be 1 by 4 11 will be 1 by half. Similarly, for item 3 I think now should I leave or should I verify everything I can write down I think all the things and you please verify that will save time I think now you know the method how this has to be done that is more important. So, look at item 3 I think whatever is clear I will just keep on putting wherever there is some explanation required I will do that or actually it is not required it is possible 3 to 3 q j square bar 7 and then 13 and 14 this is from state 3 that is the way I think I can join them 8 and 9 now everything else will be diagonally unity actually. So, only initially you have to do some calculation rest everything is pretty simple after that. So, this will be the third transition matrix and from here you will actually get the third equation which will be what will happen after and this will be nothing but equal to p 0 i j k plus 1 sir how is going from 6 to 13 sir with half p j. This 6 to 13 6 is only one packet can arrive yes sir. If there is no packet arriving you will remain in state 6 13 sir 6 to 13 it is only arrival process no going from input to output port remember ok. So, you will remain in 6 if a packet arrives then this packet can be directed to any one of the ports outgoing port anyway arriving packet direction is also important. So, there will be two packets at the input and one at output. So, you might actually end up in choosing either this packet coming either this will be there or this will be there. See this is a situation 6 is this actually. So, if a new packet comes this packet can come here it has to come here only there is no other option and once this packet is here this can either be directed here or there can be an equal probability of this being directed here. There is no other possibility and this is nothing but if you twist these ports, but 11. There are 13 entries my answer for 6. Just hold on 12 and 13 yeah it is 11 and 12 you are right. I have made a wrong thing it is 11 and 12 rightly picked I think it is correct perfect you are right. So, this is clear now important thing is that when I am looking at what is going to be the state probability after step 3 that is nothing but after step 0 of k plus 1. So, step 3 in kth slot or tau k is nothing but step 0 in tau k plus 1. So, now, I have got the transient state probabilities for the next time slot through 3 iterations. Now, the method which actually is followed we also define something more here this is there in the paper actually you can even just make a copy from there. So, you cannot note it down you can just so we define another probability pj. So, we have defined pj bar pj tilde and now pj the last one this is a probability that packet exist an output link of a switch in stage j at a time tk I am not talking about interval this is a time tk because after time tk the first step will start then step 2 step 3 then tk plus 1 comes. So, that is why I was using all the time in earlier definitions interval tau k and I was defining a step because step can finish at any point of time. But, here it is this will be only happening at the slot interval k always because there can be situation your see analysis wise or what we will computational model can only be created for when t select and t pass either one of them is 0 that is why we have done the computational thing when you take for example, t pass is equal to half of t delay and t select also half of t delay is going to be slightly complicated in that case. So, paper actually only does a simulation thing for those cases and computational model is used only for the two extreme cases actually result will be somewhere midway in between the two extremes. So, this probability will be given by you can look into the states and find out step 1 sorry state 1 does not come into picture there is no packet if you are in state 2 with half probability you will have a packet at an output. Remember I am using 0 now here stage j time step k you can also use 3 k plus 1 that is all the same 3 k minus 1 3 k minus 1 I am assuming that it is for k p j will keep on changing remember and I have to keep on computing till p j stabilizes because in the beginning I will be starting with the extreme thing cases. Then you have only fifth state where there will be only one packet just you will list all the states where there is only one packet at the outgoing port and then plus without half all the states where two packets are there at the outgoing port. So, 2 5 6 10 11 and 12 and then both of them are there it is 3 7 13 and 14. So, now the procedure actually of this what is the difference of tau k and t k tau k is the whole interval from t k if this is t k this is t k plus 1 this interval is tau k t k is an instant is a time instant. So, what will happen at t k all switches will be in a step 0 or just before the step 1 they all will execute a step 1 then they will all execute a step 2 step 3 1 by 1. So, you will actually can if you can visualize its kind of remember when you are running one here 2 is running in the back next stage 3. So, from output port it will be flowing backward actually. So, this will go to 1 then next one will go to 1. So, this will move to 2 then this will move to 1 this will be 2 this will be 3 and so on. And once the 3 is done then it will be 0 for the next step. So, there is no execution after that. So, in your computation you are just running like a wave actually of 3 steps from forward to backward direction. So, all 3 will be added to the next time slot will come computationally it will be that way actually. This is actual probability because the throughput performance will be computed from this P j tilde will not give P j tilde is a conditional probability. If the packet exists then it will go out that is a P j tilde. If a vacancy exists at the input the packet will come in that is again a conditional probability this is absolute probability because all state probabilities are nothing but absolute probabilities which we are handling. That is what denominator numerators were actually computed because they were conditional probabilities. This will not give absolute throughput P j dot P j tilde. So, this is a rate at which the packets will be going out from a port and this will be same because no packets are being lost. So, technically incoming rate has to become equal to outgoing rate this will be used as a test actually during all your iterations when this will become same for all stages you have stabilized. Now, things cannot change anymore in your computation at that time you just measure what are the state probabilities. And once you know all that state probabilities you know this also because from those state probabilities you are anyway computing P j 0 P j and P j tilde. So, everything is stabilized and now you know state now you know this you know P j tilde you can find out the throughput performance from here take any stage does not matter this will be same for all stages. This will become independent of j in the beginning it is not because there is a transient in the system. So, that will be the check for essentially convergence sorry sorry sorry sorry sorry sorry it has to be P j it has to be P j. So, let us come to the procedure I have verbally told it, but let me just write it down a step by step how it happens. So, what we have as the boundary condition as 1 or 1.0 whatever way P 0 bar is going to be 1 these are two boundary conditions which will be used initially when there is no packet in the system at time t is equal to 0. I can get some kind of a initial values are required for the state probabilities to that I can iterate. So, all the state probabilities at t is equal to 0 all of them will be in state 1 will be 1 for all j's for all stages there is no packet in the system for all j and m is greater than equal to 1 greater than equal to 2 and less than equal to 14 that is initial condition. So, first you are going to find out and for all j this is the first step which we will be doing you will find out this thing for all stages which is viable and then you will compute for all stages. So, with these conditions you will find out then P 2 remember transition matrix every time you are computing transition matrix based on the probabilities you know the earlier things.  Sir just repeat we have done this iteration sir we keep on doing it. Keep on doing it after some iteration you will you all the time observing this value also every time T k you will estimate what is the value of P j and P j tilde. But in this iteration you are not calculating P j tilde. P j tilde is dependent on the state probabilities remember. So, every step you will be computing you are going to compute the matrix you are going to compute the transition probability matrix and those P j tilde and P j bar for all stages this has to done iteratively every time and this you will keep on doing till you find this value is turns out to be constant for certain number of computations. So, paper actually does it for about 100 iterations it should see the same value actually it will be always converging converging converging all the time minor correction. But if it is going to happening at the tenth decimal place you do not bother further actually. With time actually if you plot you will stabilize that is a convergence of the algorithm and once you converge you have achieved the values now you know all the state probabilities you can do whatever you wish now with it. An important thing these initial values are fine this P n minus 2 tilde is 1 if you change P j bar is equal to 1 from there to some other value you can change the load factor incoming load factor. So, this for maximum loading condition when it is 1 you can make it half also and then start doing the computation then also you will get a throughput. So, throughput versus load also can be done by getting the various points that is not maximum loading is when P 0 bar is 1. So, why you change only 100. That is a paper this guy must have observed after doing computation for 100 it remains stable it does not matter then mostly it is it is basically by observation. 100 for a 1 way to walk n. n there is no n here. Then and the state is why it is changing. See size of switches does not matter now size of the switches now being reflected in terms of number of stages. The number of ports you do not worry is the number of stages what matters and since it is a delta is a buffered delta buffered banyan actually whatever it is because does not matter whether it is delta or not a delta here. I have not used anywhere anything related to routing what I am stating is there are two inputs both inputs should be independent of each other that is the assumption which we have used this input arrival at this input and arrival at this input are independent departure at this and departure at this are independent and this will happen if they are always connecting to always disjoint sets which is true in I think banyan network by design actually that is true if there are no loops there is exactly one path between any input and output port this will be satisfied. So, this result is true irrespective of the topology. So, this is what has to be done for all j's this has to become constant and after this you can actually find out the throughput. So, throughput will be what? So, throughput will be now remember is p j dot p j delta that is what is going to be constant, but p j might be different across the switches p j will be different across the switch across the stages because if the p j is higher you will find p j delta will be lower as you go across p j will be going down and p j delta will be increasing as your j increases actually, but this relatively will become product will become constant that is a flow rate. So, whatever is incoming has to go out that is what the condition basically. So, there is no storage in the switch which is stabilized now in a stabilized condition because you are starting from your initial state is all 0's there is no packet in the system. So, it will start storing packets actually because they are buffers inside. So, once the storage is stabilized this condition will be satisfied in that case. So, it is like if you have for example, a water is flowing you have a tank and then tank is going out. So, this buffer if it tank is empty the rate here will be higher rate here will be lower you can build up a cascade of this technically is nothing, but something similar another tank another thing. So, find out flow rate here find out flow rate here find out flow rate here you will be in steady state when all these three flow rates are same and this is nothing, but flow rate. Flow rate at the output port of every stage has to be same and flow rate is same at all ports does not mean that your P j will be same at all ports P j's probability that packet exist. So, this will always be higher for the initial stage or the input side and will reduce as you move to the output side and P j tilde will be reverse. So, they both will stabilize. So, one will be actually decreasing other one will be increasing this product will become constant. There is no relation P j bar in relation P j bar P j bar also if you want you can push what will be the flow rate for P j bar it will be I will say Q j Q j bar. So, the P j is the packet Q j packet is not there and packet arrives that is incoming port side flow rate. This has to be constant across all j's that is also fine this also is the flow rate for all j's if this is going to also become constant then also you have converged that is a equivalent condition symmetrically and you can similarly look at what happens Q j will be smaller on the input side stage. Stage is a closer to input as you move towards the output side this Q j will start increasing while P j bar will be smaller in the input side and it increases it decreases actually as you move it will be higher it will be decreasing as you move towards the output side. So, I can write there it is P j bar or P j in this side this is nothing, but P j tilde or is a pairing basically. Sir, what is the guaranteed. So, if you want to take you either take this as a pair or you take this as a pair under stable conditions their products will become constant you are asking some question. Sir, what is the guarantee of convergence although we say that one is increasing. Mostly it is a first order system. But take any consideration the rate at which one increases or decreases. This is only a intuition actually honestly speaking I do not have the proof whether it will converge not, but since it seems to be like a first order system there is no second order. So, if you make a difference equation you do not get a second order difference equation you get actually first order difference equation that is why I think it should converge. But that is my intuition I have not verified that anything which is first order usually will converge only second order will actually show the oscillatory behavior or resonance conditions and under which the convergence cannot happen only important yes. If it is a first order your decaying coefficient has to be negative if it is positive then it will explode then also it is unstable. But instability cannot happen because the probabilities are bounded from 0 to 1 because what happens in this case this is what we call total things are conserved. There is a principle of conservation actually being used here honestly speaking total sum of all possible events which can happen mutually exclusive sum of probabilities will always be 1. So, once probability increase others one will go down. So, you cannot get that case of exploding to infinity in first order system. So, this first order system also cannot oscillate because since it is a first order. So, only possibility existed this first order will always converge. So, intuitively I know this is the way it is going to happen. But I think exact way is you build up actual differential equation as time evolution happens and based on that you make a judgment that will be the more sophisticated and better approach to prove it paper does not talk about it. I think again the paper the author has done it through this intuition itself and since the intuition they are satisfied and they have seen it happening they assume their intuition is correct they never tried verifying it formula. So, once you have this you can now build up what we call the throughput performance. Let me write down the throughput is what it will be. So, what are the chances that packet will be there at the n minus second output port of the n minus 2 stage and if this packet exist this packet will go out immediately this we know because p j tilde of n minus 2 is 1. So, that is why we have taken actually I have to always find out this flow rate take this flow rate. This is what is going to be transmitted in 1 t delay and that is what gives you the throughput and total number of ports will be 2 raised power n divide by t delay. Alternatively if you want to put in terms of j it will be under steady state condition this will become independent for all j's this value will turn out to be same because this is constant all across and p j p j tilde is nothing for j is equal to n minus 2 this will be nothing but p of n minus 2. So, this is what I am using and this what gives you the throughput performance and what is a maximum throughput which we can get 2 raised power n packets per t delay which can be moved out. So, that is the maximum which you can get when p n minus 2 is 1 actually. So, you divide by the maximum possible value that gives a normalized throughput. So, normalized throughput is that is basically fractional utilization of the link this is normalized throughput and turn around time is turn around time is the time required for the packet to move from input to outgoing port delay part. So, that also similarly can be estimated here. So, what you can do is t delay multiplied by summation of in each stage probability of it is not going out is this happens for k minus 1 times then it goes out with this probability. So, it means a packet is going to in a stage suffer k delay this is the average value I am looking at the average estimate and k can go from 1 to infinity. So, this average once you find out this I am leaving it to you I think this string theory theme principle you can always use to find out this average value. This will turn out to be p j minus 1 sorry this has to be j minus 1 j minus 1 because I am looking at in the j th stage at the input how much delay is suffered. So, that will be in terms of the previous stage what is the probability from it is output buffer the packet goes out that is why it has to be j minus 1. So, this is what will be your average value and of course, this is the one stage. So, total amount of delay will be nothing, but t delay summation over 1 over p j minus 1 tilde go from j 1 to 0 to n minus 1 I think total delay in that transmission from 0 th stage to n minus first stage all stages I have taken I have done summed up actually and what is the maximum delay possible is total number of stages into t delay. So, you can divide by that. So, your normalized delay will be 1 over p j minus 1 1 over n that is a normalized delay that is what will be suffered. So, I think with that I close here the buffer delta analysis only thing is the results which are need to be seen, but my idea was not to actually discuss the result result will always be better if you use buffer delta. An important outcome of this paper was that with one buffer between two stages or two buffers between two stages after that does not matter 3 or 4 or 5 does not have any improvement in the performance. So, 2 is what supposed to be optimum value which gives the best performance. The performance is better than unbuffered delta surely we slight increase in delay which happens and this almost become as good as cross bar. See cross bar is better performing thing than delta because of the blocking cross bar does not have any blocking. So, you still use a delta, but by using buffering you are able to reach to become as good as a cross bar. So, that was essentially the outcome of the paper, but I was more interested in teaching the methodology which was involved because this is a very generic thing can be used at lot of other places also. So, I think with that we close on the buffer delta system.


Hey everyone, Drew with GeoAlarm and I am back to talk to you about the GeoAlarm system and how to program in the Combo GeoSCO2 smoke and CO2 detector into the system. It's very easy, has the walkthrough that comes up on the screen just like every single other sensor that goes into this, super easy, it's actually kind of fun to program them in. The first thing we're going to do is go ahead and hit the hamburger icon in the top left hand corner, it'll ask you for your master code, mine is one, two, three, four, okay? So once you get in there, you're going to see all of the icons there, of course you want to go into devices. Once in devices you'll see a listing of anything you already have programmed, if you don't have anything programmed then you probably won't see anything. So go ahead and hit the plus sign there, okay so now you're going to choose what device you want to add, in this case we are adding the smoke and CO2 detector, go ahead and click on that. I apologize ahead of time about the noise here, this is going to get a little loud but you have to press and hold down the silence slash test button and it will enroll into the pan. You're going to choose where you want this device to go, in that case I'm going to go ahead and I'll put it in the master bedroom, okay? It's asking you to install it, it actually shows you a little bit of a diagram on how to install it as well. I'm not going to install it obviously, so I'm going to go ahead and hit done, alright and there's our smoke slash CO2 detector, it's in there, we'll go ahead and tamper it just to make sure it shows up in there, alright? So we have our tamper alarm here, we'll go ahead and we'll get this restored and now it's no longer in trouble. Also you saw the panel tamper pop up there while I was doing this, my panel is tampered currently so that's why that trouble popped up. But ladies and gentlemen that's how you add it, let's go ahead and get it deleted out. So go ahead and click smoke slash CO there, then you're going to click the one that you have. Now if you don't want to delete it, I've told you this in other sensor videos but if you're just watching this one for the first time, you can flip this little active switch here. This switch will disable the sensor rather than delete it if you want to re-enable it at a later time. It makes it easy if you're just having a sensor malfunction or something like that and you're just waiting on a replacement device, you can just go ahead and flip that switch and make it inactive. But I don't want to do that, I'm going to go ahead and reactivate it and I'm going to delete it. There's a section for delete in there. So go ahead and click delete, it has now been removed from the system. Alright, we'll go ahead and we'll exit out of programming, it is no longer programmed into the system. Ladies and gentlemen, if you have any questions or any comments, please leave them below but that is how you program in the GeoSCO2 into the GeoAlarm control panel. Have a great day, take care. Please like and subscribe to our page for helpful programming and installation videos, product reviews, monitoring, products and more. Visit www.geoarm.com or call<PHONE_NUMBER> that's www.geoarrm.com or<PHONE_NUMBER>. GeoArm, the worldwide leader in DIY security.