Thank you Julie and Bob for welcoming me here today and helping organize this Australia-Canada Economic Leadership Forum. I know this is the first meeting since February of 2020 and the world looks quite different now than it did back then. We've lived through a pandemic that resulted in millions of lives lost and the greatest global economic contraction since the Great Depression. Supply chains were disrupted and as demand rebounded they struggled to get back up to speed, driving up the price of goods around the world. War has returned to Europe and Putin is weaponizing food and energy, further increasing global inflation. Authoritarianism is on the rise seeking to destabilize the peace and prosperity that generations have benefited from. So the world is facing incredible uncertainty but something that hasn't changed are the connections between Canada and Australia. We share a history as Commonwealth countries and as Westminster parliamentary systems, as democracies and as Pacific nations and as two resource-rich countries. We share a common future. Canada and Australia have the resources and energy that a net zero world will need and we cannot understate the urgency of building that clean economy. The impacts of climate change are having devastating consequences on people and on our economies. Canada is currently facing its worst wildfire season on record. As I was speaking with the two ministers earlier, Mark and Kirstie reminded me that Australia has had a devastating brushfire season just a few years ago and right now fires are particularly bad in British Columbia which is also facing a historic drought. Firefighters have been going full speed since spring and I want to once again thank Australia for sending specialist firefighters to provide so much help and support. Sadly, we lost two of our own last week. People who put themselves in harm's way to keep others safe. We need to remember and honor their service and their sacrifice. And as the impacts of climate change become more and more apparent, we have to take action. We need to make investments that build a cleaner economy and cut pollution. And that's what Canada has been doing since 2015. Economically speaking, and as us ice hockey players say, Canada saw where the puck was going with climate change and the trillions of dollars of global investment that were lining up to build the clean economy. To help drive market-based solutions, we put a predictable price on pollution, which is spurring innovation and giving certainty to businesses and investors all while putting money back in families' pockets. We're also working with industry to decarbonize and making investments in clean tech and we have powerful tax incentives that position Canada to be a clean energy powerhouse. All these policies build on the Canadian advantage that is our natural resources, our diverse supported communities and our strong middle class. But we know that reducing pollution is a global problem that requires global solutions. And that in order to build a robust clean economy with great jobs, we need to work with like-minded partners who see the same opportunities in this future as we do. Partners who not only understand the economic potential, but who are committed to creating this future in a way that is sustainable and equitable. Partners like Australia. This is more important than ever. The pandemic, the invasion of Ukraine and evolving geopolitical tensions have exposed strategic vulnerabilities in our economies. Russia is using energy and grain exports as leverage in its illegal war. China is restricting access to markets. More than ever, we need resilient supply chains, stable trading relationships, and strong ties with partners who align with us on values. A few months ago, Canada unveiled our Indo-Pacific strategy. One of its key objectives is to deepen our friendships and promote stability in the region. This is the fastest growing economic region in the world with a growing middle class and increasing demand for goods that Canada can supply. With our Indo-Pacific strategy, we position ourselves to seize opportunities in the region, while promoting our values. And regardless of who we work with, we must ensure that the same norms as ours are respected in terms of environment, work, and human rights. Australia, as a democracy in the region, shares this point of view. As a close democratic ally, Australia is one of the most important partners in the region and in the world. I know we're both working to establish and promote responsible business standards. The work we're doing in partnership with Indigenous peoples and our commitment to economic reconciliation is an important part of this. And it's not something that every country does. Because certainly, there are countries that are producing these resources and inputs in ways that are cheaper in terms of dollars and cents. But the real cost is too often environmental degradation, low labor standards, and even human rights violations. We all have to stop ignoring the lessons of the past. You don't arrive at real, responsible, long-term solutions if you accept shortcuts. At COP 15 in Montreal last December, Australia helped us co-found the Sustainable Critical Minerals Alliance. For the first time, major economies, namely Canada, Australia, the United States, Germany, France, the UK, and Japan came together to commit to mining and developing critical minerals in a way that protects nature, respects Indigenous rights, and is low emissions. We've bound ourselves together in a common interest moving beyond competition to cooperation. Because we know the demand is more than there for the coming years. And we want to work together to meet that need responsibly in a way that respects and upholds our values. It's in the global race to build a net zero economy. The world is rushing for access to the critical minerals that Australia and Canada have. But we need to act fast to meet the demand for major projects. When I talk about this, I mean everything from a critical minerals mining project to a wind farm that produces hydrogen. Investors want to come to Canada, but we know they need regulatory certainty. They need a transparent and predictable system. And the work we've done to bring Indigenous partners in from the start when assessing projects is therefore not just the right thing to do, but the smart thing to do. And frankly, previous governments that overlooked the importance of consulting not only made the wrong choice because they turned their back on working in partnership, but it led to many costly and needless delays as projects got bogged down in the courts. Others. Because at the end of the day, we have to remember that everything is all about people. Fighting climate change is about protecting people. It's about creating a strong economy that has great jobs for workers now and for the decades to come. It's about building an economy that is sustainable, that is profitable, and that creates opportunities for everyone, no matter where they live. Workers are at the centre and at the heart of our economy. We cannot forget that real wealth is created in mines, in factories, in research facilities. It's created by people working hard and bringing their best to the job every day. Right now, the world is a scary place. And in this critical moment, we need to ask ourselves who is really best positioned to succeed? Those who exploit workers? Those who pollute? The authoritarians who power their economies by indebting emerging economies? No. So when you buy Canadian or Australian, you can count on the high standards we maintain at home. And that's not a disadvantage. That's now our competitive edge. Canada has secured several major trade deals since 2015, and we've fought to include high standards in each of these cases. Look at CETA with Europe, at the new NAFTA, and of course at the comprehensive and progressive agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, the CPTPP, which both Canada and Australia are a part of. Putting labour, environmental, and other protections in trade deals not only stops the race to the bottom, it puts the pressure on a race to the top. Through our work with like-minded partners, we're building a global market for resources and energy developed with the highest standards. By living up to our values at home and abroad, we're not just increasing prosperity, we're strengthening democracy. Because for democracy to be healthy, people need to see a future for themselves, a future they believe in, that they want to build, and that they want to protect. And we can't take that for granted ever again. We saw what happened in 2008, and it's aftermath. See, for too long, people abided by the ideologies of deregulation, trade liberalization, and unbridled globalization, believing that it would create a rising tide that would lift all boats. Corporations did well, but jobs for the middle class went overseas and weren't replaced. And after 2008, when GDP started to rise again, wages stayed stagnant. Inequality rose, and a lot of hard-working people were getting left behind. The middle class was getting hollowed out, and people were growing disillusioned. There is real economic pain out there. And unfortunately, there are those who want to exploit it without real solutions to ease people's economic anxieties. They want to rile people up. They want to amplify anger even further for their own advantage and drive voters towards populism and protectionism. They say everything is broken, and they talk about burning it all down. But in a moment like this, in a moment as consequential and transformative as this, the world is calling for serious leadership. I know those of you in this room understand that, because I've spoken about these challenges with your Prime Minister and my friend, Anthony Albanese, many times. He is tackling these problems in a thoughtful and responsible way. Just last week, I saw him at NATO. We had a few calls a few weeks before that on everything from understanding how important this forum is and how he was really hoping that I'd be here to meet with two of his strong ministers who he was sending. But how the partnerships that we have on everything from defending democracy around the world and the values that underpin it all out for that stability and the opportunities, or how we work together on critical minerals to make sure that we are being consequential in our approach to the world. For too long, we accepted that even though we lived in democracies with robust protections for workers and for the environment, we accepted that inputs, necessary inputs into those democracies came from places and relied on authoritarian governments that did not protect their workers or their resources or their environment. We have to be consequential through and through. That's the message we're hearing clearly all around the world from emerging economies, and that's where leaning forward with high standards on resources to match the high standards that consumers are increasingly demanding in what they choose to spend their money on is an advantage we face, not a disadvantage when we look at low-cost production and resource economies. That's where this partnership with Australia is so important. That's why I'm so glad to see so much of Team Canada and Team Australia here today. No matter what partisan stripes we wear or what order of government we work in. Canada, Australia, and the world need leadership in both government and business that understands the complexity of the challenges we face and comes to the table ready to build 21st century solutions. Lithium and graphite in Canada, in its social center, Brisbane. It's an Australian investor who sees the enormous potential of Canada to respond to the global demand for electrification, to extract it from manufacturing, by passing through the refinement of Canada, the necessary expertise to do everything. But it's not just Australian companies like Sayona, which is a great promising lithium project here, that see the potential in Canada. It's also what Volkswagen saw when they chose Canada as the location of their first ever overseas battery manufacturing gigafactory. But the thing worth noting is that it's not just the raw materials and investment climate that are drawing in global investors. Our government worked hard to get the Volkswagen deal, but the leaders of the company made clear that it was the reputation and strength of our workers that sealed the deal. And we cannot forget that part of what makes our workers so reliable is the social infrastructure and education systems that we've put in place. And programs like healthcare, dental care, and childcare create stability, support our workers, and create the conditions for strong inclusive economic growth. Don't just listen to me say it. Let's look at the facts. Since Canada started rolling out affordable childcare across the country over the past couple of years, women's economic participation has reached an all-time high. We had one of the strongest jobs recoveries in the world after the pandemic, and our unemployment rate remains near historic lows. Canada is now the fastest growing country in the G7, number one in terms of population, and number two only to the U.S. in terms of economic growth with our inflation down to 2.8 percent, as this morning's numbers tell us. Since 2015, we've worked hard to diversify our economy and are seeing Canada lead in high-growth sectors like quantum computing, robotics, and AI. Our strong social safety net is drawing in global talent and crowding in global investment. And we're making strategic investments to drive clean innovation and provide clean energy so we can meet the demands of the growing Indo-Pacific and a European continent hurrying to unwind its dependence on Russian fossil fuels. Canada is ready to be the reliable supplier of energy that the world needs. And we're ready to work with partners, public, and private who want to be a part of this. The world is looking for leadership. And when I look across this horizon and across this room, I can see Australia is ready, too. You are a like-minded partner and friend, striving for higher standards, and together we can meet this moment. And I know you have many more sessions today, but I want to leave you with a closing thought. In this highly uncertain time, we all need to recognize that economic policy is security policy, is climate policy, is social policy. In this highly interconnected world, we can no longer operate in silos. We must take in the full measure of everything we do. It's not just about being a reliable ally. It's about knowing that what happens here, the extraction, the processing, the manufacturing and trade of essential ingredients in our economy of the future, is happening by workers who get paid well, or environmental consequences are thought through. Where partnerships with Indigenous peoples are integrated into our way of doing things, and where we're building a robust trade network focused on like-minded partners. Now is the time for leadership that sees these challenges and seizes the opportunities they present, and I know that's what we're all gathered here together to do.


Hi everyone, in this video tutorial, I will present a practical example of a three-level meta-analysis using the R software. Specifically in this example, we look at a three-level meta-analysis focused on the association between paternal anxiety and child emotional problems, which is also the broad focus of my PhD project. The dataset that I'm going to use in this tutorial is available as an attachment so that you can have a closer look at it in your own time. And this is just a screenshot of the CSV file. I have already described what each of the columns contains. Anyway, just looking at it, we can see that the data has a nested structure with the individual effect sizes representing level two nested within samples, which represent level three. This is a helpful schematic representation of the structure of the data from the image which I have borrowed from one of the recommended resources. The three-level organization of the data becomes clear. So here we have the results of individual participants that are pooled in primary studies. Here in level two, we can see that different primary studies use the same sample. And here we have level three, where the aggregated cluster effects are pooled in a three-level meta-analysis. Okay, so here we are in R studio. The first step is to install, if we haven't already, and call the packages that we need to run our analysis. Also, the R code is provided as an attachment so that you can try to conduct analysis that are part of these tutorials, but also adapt the code for your own studies and your own data. I have also included this bit of code because it is recommended to keep the R environment clean and tidy. Once we have called the packages, we want to import and read our data that we have named the anxiety dataset. Once imported in R, it is helpful to use the head function to see the general structure of our data and also to keep it as a point of reference while conducting our analysis. Okay, so how do we fit our random effects three-level model in R? We can use the RMA-MV function in the Metacol package, and here I have listed the most important arguments for this function, and I've also specified what they refer to in our data file. So we definitely need the calculated effect sizes, and when using Pearson's R correlation coefficients, like in our case, it is recommended to transform them to Fisher's Z for the analysis, and then when interpreting the results, we can transform them back to Pearson's R. So in our case here, we refer to the Fisher's Z column in our data file. We then need the variance, the calculated effect sizes, the study labels, and also the name of the dataset. Then we need the test that we want to apply for our regression coefficients, and the method used to estimate the model parameters. Just enough to say that this is a matter of choice, and I do recommend to check the options that are available and to choose what is best for you and your own data. Random is actually the most important argument for our function, because it is where we specify that we want nested random effects model. In our example, just as a reminder, individual effect sizes represent level 2, and they are nested within samples which represent level 3. So how do we specify this in our function? The general structure of the formula is this one, and this translates in our example to this formula. So the cluster is represented by the sample IDs, and the effects within the cluster is represented by the effect sizes of the individual study's IDs. So the complete function in our R code looks like this. So this is filled with all the actual columns in our data file. And here we have the output in R. So what is important to note here is this part, where the random effects variances are calculated for each level of our model. So the sigma 2.1 shows the level 3 between cluster variance, and the sigma 2.2 shows the variance within clusters, so the level 2. We can also see, as I specified here, this part, so the number of groups on each level. Level 3 has 27 groups, which is the 27 included samples, and these 27 samples contain 116 effect sizes. Then importantly, we have the model result. So here we see that the estimate of our pooled effect is Z0.15, and we also see the 95% confidence interval here. To facilitate the interpretation of the results, we can transform the effect back to a normal Pearson's heart correlation coefficient, and to do this we can use the Ask package. And this is the bit of code that we need, so we convert Z to R, and here are the results. So it is also important to quantify the heterogeneity in our meta-analysis, so both for level 2 and level 3, because we are running a three-level meta-analysis. So this is the code that we need to do that, and for this we are using the I-squared statistics, that is just one of the options that are available to us. And here is the summary of the I-squared statistic. We can see the total heterogeneity for our meta-analysis and also how it is distributed in level 2 and in level 3. It is also interesting to see this visual representation of the heterogeneity. So here we can use the plot I-squared code, and here we see the variance that is not part of the sampling error. This is the total, and this is how it is split in the two levels, while here is the sampling error variance. It is also very useful and very common to obtain a visual summary of the meta-analysis results, and this can be done using forest plots. This one, so the general forest function, would just give a list of all the effect sizes in our meta-analysis, and it would not be representative of the nested structure of our data. Anyway, I do recommend checking and learning more about forest plots directly in R, because there are useful examples. So to obtain a forest plot that reflects the nested structure of our data, we can create a forest plot that shows only aggregated effects for each sample, and this is just an approximate representation of the three-level meta-analysis. This is the bit of code that we need to do that, and I won't explain this in details, but in any case we are basically running a new meta-analysis of aggregated effects. So this is what the code looks like, and of course I specified what I want in my forest plot, but as I said before, it is useful to see all the potential arguments that are in this function and the options that are available. And this is our forest plot, so we can see that we have the samples, here we have the number of estimates for each sample, here we have the effect sizes and their confidence interval, and here we also have the weight of each of them. Just to remind that these are Fisher's Z, and also the final, the pooled estimate is Fisher's Z, and we have the 95% confidence intervals. Okay, so we run our three-level meta-analysis in R, we have obtained our pooled effect size, our variance components, we have quantified our heterogeneity in level 3 and level 2. How do we present the findings? It is common and also very useful to have a summary table. So in this table we can see that we have the number of effect sizes, the number of samples, the pooled R, so the effect size, the 95% confidence interval, the P and the I squared statistic for level 3 and level 2. We can also summarize our results in written format, and this is an example of how we can report our results in an academic paper, for example. Finally, I recommend these two resources to learn more about meta-analysis in general, meta-analysis in R, three-level meta-analysis. These are really helpful resources. Okay, so we have reached the end of the tutorial. Thank you for listening, and I hope you find these resources a helpful introduction to three-level meta-analysis in R.


Right, so welcome everyone to the Schubert seminar today. We're happy to have the pink bank from UC Davis Telling us about cluster structure for Legendian links Yes, thanks for the Yeah, thanks for the introduction and thanks for the invitation of me to speak at this seminar Yes, it's there. We'll talk about cluster structures for the Legendian links and the main references are two papers that they I Wrote jointly with the whole car new mission and other one with the Rojeka cells So here's the plan of today's talk. I was told that the first half should be Accessible to graduate students. So I'm going to give some backgrounds on Legendian links and their exact Lagrangian feelings and also Define the main object of study for today's talk the black modular space and then I'm gonna move on to the third and the fourth part, which are a bit technical So there will be lots of details omitted. But if you're interested, I'm more than happy to discuss afterward or Over zoom at some other time Yeah, and the main goal is to talk about this filling cluster correspondence Okay, so without further ado me begin and Also at any point if I know my handwriting is not perfect If there's anything that's not clear or you you have a question, please feel free to interrupt and ask the question I'm more than happy to elaborate Okay, so Legendian links and exactly I wanted feelings. So here's the definition a Legendian link is a link in our three With coordinates x y z satisfying the equation that y is d z over dx Okay, given this condition you can project the link on to the x z plane and The core the white corner can be recovered by computing the slope So for example, if you see a crossing on the x z plane projection You can compute the slope and you know that this one has a positive slope And this one has a negative slope and if you pull out your right hand, you know that the y axis is pointing into the paper So the positive slope should be behind the paper and the negative slope should be above the paper So you're going to see a crossing like this Okay, so any crossing on the x z projection. It's always going to be like this in reality and Also because why is the slope so when you project on to the x z plane You cannot have this kind of vertical tangent, you know that if you have a vertical tangent the slope is infinite That's not allowed. So typically you're going to see this kind of cusp returns so you have this one and then on the right going to have something like this and In a 3d picture, it's more like this with the horizontal tangent here, but then this tangent is actually along the y axis So when you project, you're not going to see anything. You're going to see this kind of cusp here, but it's not really a cusp It's still smooth. The length is still smooth Okay, so this is some typical features of the tangent links, right? So therefore when I draw its projection on the x z plane, I do not really need to specify the crossings and All the returns are going to be Don't look like this kind of cusps Okay, so now let me introduce you a big family of the tangent links called the minus one closures of a positive braid so what a positive braid is so a braid is a braiding of strengths and Parts it means that all crossings of the same form. So for example, he's a positive braid Just gonna saw some random example So he's a braiding of three strengths and you see that at all crossings. It's always this kind of positive crossing So it's called positive braid and The minus one closure is the following. So I'm gonna take a copy of this and then I'm gonna close it up like this So remember I have to do it with cusps It's gonna look something like this So it's got a minus one closure of break of beta This is gonna be Lambda sub beta to the on the on both on the two sides you're gonna see Cusps that's Going along So the lowest strands gonna have the lowest strand here The next one is going to correspond the next one and so on so you're gonna close it like like this There'll be a another closure that's sometimes going to mention in the talk. It's called a rainbow closure And the difference between the rainbow closure And the minus one closure is the following so the rainbow closure of a braid We also put it here. Oh Good news is that I can string this a bit So rainbow closure look something more like this I'm gonna When I close it up I close it Like this they call rainbow closure Okay it's I'm gonna mention it at some point, but just keep in mind that all rainbow closures are minus one closures as we will see Using by the master moves Oh Both closures minus one closures So my one closures are more general Any questions so far? All right, so next Since the ginger links has this additional tangential condition, right the right the mice and moves you have to also modify We know that two links are the same because it'll be the same if you can Transform one into the other using right the mice the moves so for the ginger links They're also three right the mice the moves and they can't look kind of similar to the ordinary right the mice the moves So the first right the mice the moves looks like the following so you can create this kind of Twist above or below Which direction it's up to you oops This is a right the mice of one And for right the mice the two You can pass a cuffs through another strength with a bigger or small much bigger much smaller slope So for example, this strength is it has a very negative slope, right? So I can pass this cups through So this is the same as Like this Okay, you always pass cuffs through the strength. That's more negative or very positive And right the mice of three is the same as before just Just like that. Oh not this one. It's the same as before Like this, so this is right the mice of three So any the ginger links that can be related by this by the mice and moves are the ginger isotopic to each other And we consider them the same link any question okay, so Now we talk about we have talked about links which are one-dimensional objects So now let's move one dimension up and talk about the feelings exactly like engine feelings So let lambda be a legengine link Right, so the engine link remember it's in R3. So I'm going to place R3 as the boundary as T goes to infinite infinity in R4 So yeah, the symplatic R4 x y z t and I view R3 as the asymptotic boundary at T go as T goes to infinity and Suppose I have a link there and Exact Lagrangian filling is an exact Lagrangian surface in this empletic R4 That asymptotically tends to Lambda as T goes to infinity, right? So for example, it may look something like this This is an exact Lagrangian filling of an idea of an exact Lagrangian filling of the link I Should also explain what exact means so exact means that so first we have a symplatic form which is the Differential of a Louisville form one form and exact means that the Louisville form is exact on On on the surface So that's what what exact Lagrangian means. So Lagrangian means that it's half-dimensional Right, so R4 half-dimensions up is two-dimensional surfaces and And the symplatic form vanishes along that surface That's what Lagrangian means an exact means that the Louisville form is exact okay and a Theorem of shunt train proved that All-orientable exact Lagrangian feelings of the same link of same Lagrangian link at the same genus So this is quite typical quite special for the genus links. So for for topological links The the feeling the genus of the feeling can always increase you can always Handle attachment to increase the genus of feelings But that's not true for Exact Lagrangian feelings or some of symplatic sort of the engine links So all all links have the same genus So topologically you cannot really differentiate them. So how do we different? How do we differentiate them? So we differentiate them up to what's called Hamiltonian isotope and the reason is that this is exact Lagrangian feelings actually Defines objects in the rock focaya category of the of the R4 Okay, and this is some something that people care a lot in mirror symmetry, but I'm not going to dive into this in today's talk But to exactly keep in mind that to exact line and feelings Define the same object if they are Hamiltonian isotope isotopic So what this means is that there's a Hamiltonian function Such that it's Hamiltonian flow moves One to the other that's what What Hamiltonian isotopic means so it is an isotope generated by a Hamiltonian flow, okay All right So so so far There are very little is proved about classification of Exact Lagrangian feelings of for the engine links The only the engine link with a complete classification is the max TB are not so it's not that looks like this So that's the only The only link that we have a full classification of exact Lagrangian feelings And the classification kind of boring it says there's only one Exact Lagrangian feeling and it's what you think it and that's what you think it should be. It's a bowl It's it's a disc that's attached to this and not it's proved by the Ashford and Potorovic Okay All right, so so this is quite hard question There's also related Conjecture called the infinity many feeling conjecture, right? So it's more about the lower bound of number of feelings for the engine link But the question is does there exist an engine link with infinity many non-Hamiltonian isotopic exact Lagrangian feelings So this question remains open For a long time until the year 2020 where when everybody was locked down locked locked in in door by cove it and Then three groups Kind of overlapped, but we use slightly different methods Prove this result in the same year. So in January Rocheka cells and Honghao Gao they proved it For the tourist links case in July Rocheka cells and Eric Zaslow proved it for three stranded break closures And later in September Honghao Garlin, Huixian and I proved it for rainbow closures or part of breaks and all three approaches used cluster theory in some way and and this shows the power of this connection between cluster algebra and and the and the study of Lagrangian links and so Today, this is going to be the result that i'm going to talk about and also I should mention that one and this last result actually covered the first two cases as well in in this paper, we gave a Sort of a classification. We divide positive breaks into two families infinite type and finite type and we prove that for anything in the infinite type They all have infinite many feelings All right before we move on to The second part are there any questions? The break is after the second part, but you're free to ask questions now This is very good. All right So now, uh, let's talk about some geometry, uh flag modular spaces So what is a flag? A flag in cn is a nested chain of vector subspaces So zero being the smallest vector subspace In some f1 in some f2 and so on all the way to fn being the full space such that each Under k step the dimension of the vector subspace is k And the reason it's called flag is because if you think of the flag in, uh The deciding point of flag is a point contained inside a line and then contained inside a plane So you see a flag right there. That's why flags are called flags Of course, if you keep increasing in dimension, then then no longer looks like a Flag that we know but it's still called flag Okay So, uh, given two flags, you can talk about their relative position um, the relative position between two flags are encoded by, uh, permutations Um, but the simplest kind of relative position is when the two flags only differ at a single step So here, um, I'm going to give two examples. So these are going to be flags in c3 Okay, so a flag in c3 is going to be, uh, a point which is the origin contained in a line contained in a plane and then contained in c3 And we write that two flags are of relative position one That means that the only subspace that they differ is the one dimensional subspace So the two flag looks like this. So you have so they share the same plane And then maybe one flag has this, uh One dimension line and this one has this one dimensional line. So these two flags Will be of relative position one So so one of the flag is the point contained in the line contained the plane And then the other flag is the point contained the line contained the plane So you see that the two flags share the same plane and the same point but have different lines Versus If you have two flags The relative position two That means that they share the same line But they have different planes one flag may have a plane It's like this another flag may have a plane that's like this so that's And then of course, there's the already there's the point in the origin So the one flag is going to be a point containing the line containing the plane And then the other flag is the point containing the line containing the plane And you see that the two flags share the same point the same line, but have different planes So these are the right the simplest kind of ready positions So and they have this they have the same three-dimensional space? Yes, yes, there are flags in c3. Yes. Yeah, good. The three-dimensional space. Okay. Yes But of course if you are in higher cn, then you could have more choices You can position one two all the way up to n minus one Thanks for the question all right So now I can define the the main focus of today's talk the flag more try space So let beta I want I2 so these are This tells you where the crossing this right now for example Great that we had before Maybe this one So if I want to write this braid in in this form that I'll write it so write it as 212112 Because it's crossing at a second level first level second level first first second Um Let me think I probably want to call it the other way around but Sorry, let me let me let me let me write it like one two one two two one.  So I start with f zero and then I end at f zero again And all these are flags in in cn that these are flags in cn satisfying this ready position condition and I'm going to caution out by The diagonal gln action So gln acts on cn. So it moves flags around. So there's a simultaneous action on all flags Then we're cautioned out by this action It's called a flag more dry space and You point out that the flag more dry space is actually a attention link invariant of lambda beta of this minus one closure of beta this So the reason is because it is a modularized space of simple objects in the kashuar asha pura category of constructible sheaves with microlocal support along lambda beta so I'm not going to dive into the dimension of this category Just treat it as a black box, but let me Let me emphasize that this is a the legend link invariant. So it is quite meaningful object to consider Any question About the definition of flag more dry space. Can you remind us what was lambda beta? Yeah, lambda beta is you take the break beta and then you do the minus one closure.  Yes, no problem But this is a lambda beta All right. So this is the part when I designed the break is What the break is? Yeah, uh, we should take a five minutes break or something Yeah, uh, thank you. Yeah, let's take uh, six minutes break. It's actually until five o'clock. So it's four. Yeah, all right now sounds good


Now over the course of the last few weeks my colleagues and I have produced short videos setting out the arguments on both sides of the EU referendum debate. They've covered a wide range of issues and I hope they've helped inform discussion and help voters form their own opinions on either side of the argument. This video is different, it's not impersonal and it's not impartial. I want to set out why I will be voting on Thursday for the UK to remain a member of the European Union. I have over 20 years of experience of researching, teaching and writing about the European single market. Much of the debate has focused on whether the UK should remain a member of the single market. The Leave campaign argues for a free trade deal outside the EU. The Remain campaign argues for continuing participation in the EU single market. Leaving the single market for free trade outside the EU is like giving up superfast broadband for a dial-up internet connection. The single market is not more than just about removing tariffs and customs duties. It's the ambition to create a truly European market and not just in goods but in the services sectors that are vital to the British economy. Trade is important but not all trade regimes are the same. Yes the UK would eventually agree different kinds of free trade deals outside the EU but they'd be nowhere near as extensive or comprehensive. To take a different analogy leaving the single market is like cancelling your sky or virgin multi-channel TV subscriptions to going back to just having the BBC, ITV and Channel 4 or perhaps cancelling your gym membership and buying an exercise bike. And in the EU we don't just have free trade. Fair trade means that there are rules to protect consumers from unfair practices or unsafe products. There are rules to protect workers if they have unpaid wages if their employer goes bust. There are rules to protect passengers if their flights are delayed or cancelled. And there are rules to ensure that we protect the environment. So the choice is between the free trade free for all outside the EU that puts big business first or fair trade that protects workers and consumers and demands that big business plays by the rules. Take a simple example like mobile phone roaming charges. Concerted efforts by the European Parliament and national governments have forced mobile phone companies to reduce roaming charges. Companies like Vodafone and T-Mobile even try to overturn the new EU rules in the European Court. They lost. And as a result we have roaming charges that are a fraction of what they are if you use your mobile phone for example in the USA. So is this really faceless bureaucrats interfering with our sovereignty or an example of the need for action at European level and cooperation between our elected NEPs and our elected national governments working together to help face the challenges the nation states alone cannot meet. But we also need to be honest. The EU faces and has faced a competitiveness problem. And instability and recession in the Eurozone has only made that worse. Understandably EU citizens have made the difficult decision to leave family and friends and find work elsewhere including in the UK. Now the UK is outside of the Eurozone and that's not about to change. But the UK has an interest in the success of the Eurozone and in our European partners making the right choices about how to move forward. So are we better staying in the EU and being a productive neighbour and partner or better walking away and leaving them to it? And we might ask this question about other issues including the refugee crisis. Do we simply see it as someone else's problem? That is as much a question of philosophy or morality and people will hold different views. But the refugee crisis is a common problem for Europe. And I think that as sovereign states and as well as as members of the international organisations like the EU it is possible to try and find common solutions. To put it another way the UK can exercise its sovereignty in and through the European Union. It doesn't have to leave the EU to exercise its political power. I also want to be clear that if the UK votes to remain in the EU the status quo is not an option. That does not just mean making good on the new settlement deal negotiated by the Prime Minister. Whatever its value it does not go nearly far enough in addressing either the accountability problems of those who are worried about EU decision making or the ambitions of those who want to see the EU working alongside member states and taking a stronger lead on workers' rights or climate change or fostering innovation and enterprise. Whatever you think of yourself whether it is being on the left or on the right there is a mood for political change and our leaders need to act on that. What this debate I think has highlighted is the desire in the EU to make decisions in the European Union in particular for more political accountability for decisions made in the European Union and that works at two levels. Our own politics needs to get to grips with European decision making. In some ways the campaigns have helped shed light on how decisions are really made but there continues to be not just a lot of myths about the EU but outright lies. We need a more engaged political culture in Europe in the European stage and at the EU level I think there needs to be much more political responsibility and political control. Now much has been said about the powers of the European Commission. In reality performs more of a role as a European civil service than a European Government but I do believe there needs to be much more political control over the European Commission. National parliaments have some role to play but I believe that collective control is better exercised by national prime ministers and presidents through the European Council. All too often European Council summits have played a crisis management role. It needs instead to be able to exercise real political oversight and give real political leadership with prime ministers and presidents accountable to their peoples. So I want to see a serious review of European institutions to see how to make the EU democratically fit and accountable for an EU in 2017 rather than making do with the structures created in 1957. There is another reason to look to 2017. If the UK votes to remain in the EU the UK will hold the presidency of the EU giving it an opportunity to work with European partners to promote its agenda and vision for the EU. Now this is an important chance to reflect on the concerns and anxieties of citizens not just in this country but across the EU and to build a platform for meaningful reform. There is also a chance for the UK to champion issues like completing the digital single market that is vital for the UK economy or fighting to end human trafficking. Now I would have liked to have seen the prime minister and other political leaders set out an ambitious agenda for a presidency for people addressing not just our anxieties but our hopes and aspirations for our own and also future generations. And I hope that our vote to remain will spur our political leaders to set out such an agenda. I believe that the UK is stronger in the EU and that the EU is stronger with the UK in it. And I don't believe that the values that the British believe in, democracy, equality upholding the rule of law are different to the values of other European countries. But the EU has provided a framework of stability to protect those values in existing EU states and to promote those values in new EU states and beyond. Yes, the enlargement of the EU means that new EU citizens are created with rights to travel and work, start businesses across the EU. The same rights as UK citizens and businesses currently enjoying. Would we really rather that our near neighbors were also outside the EU, unstable and posing a threat to our own peace and security? We only need to look at what's happening in Ukraine to realise that we all still need to protect and safeguard peace and security in Europe. And the EU is one part of that jigsaw. The many of us will have watched the images of the planet from space as a British astronaut to impeach return to Earth. Now the planet does have some natural boundaries, but borders are political choices. And we have a choice. Build bridges or build borders. Work with our European neighbours or become isolated in Europe. Unite our own country or see it divided and torn apart. I've made my decision and I will be voting for the UK to remain in the European Union.


Let's stop the hate and the prejudice when it comes to programming languages, specifically when it comes to Python, because I don't know when this became cool, but nowadays, anytime somebody talks about Python as a programming language, or even when somebody talks about a piece of software that just happens to be written in Python, like the other day I made a video about Vert Manager, which is written in Python, and inevitably the anti-Python brigade shows up and, oh, Python is slow, Python's horrible, nothing should ever be written in Python, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. And even more astounding is when I get these comments from people that, hey, this program you're showing looks cool, you know, such as Vert Manager or Qtile or whatever it happens to be, whatever piece of software is written in Python, they say, hey, man, that program looks really cool, but I won't use it because it's written in Python. WTF, right? I mean, I don't get it. I'm like, I'm a nerd, and I don't understand this at all. Like, I can't even fathom how somebody could even think like this because these people, they're protesting a piece of software because of the language that happens to be written in. Really? I mean, and that makes this, what really makes this funny is that these comments are not even being left by developers or programmers because I interact with a lot of developers and programmers, professional devs and programmers.  And when I talk about Python to these people, even if they're not Python developers, they understand Python, they know it, they respect it. I've never heard anybody actually trash Python that was actually in the industry.  Python is slow, Python is horrible, Python has no purpose, right? Because these guys know Python actually has real world use cases. And in many cases, Python offers real benefits over some of the alternatives. So how exactly did we get here? Because this thing is really taking on a life of its own, right? This Python is slow and horrible meme, right? Well, it's not necessarily a meme that Python is slow. It's true that Python is slower when doing mathematical computations compared to faster languages like C or old school languages like Fortran, or even some of the more hipster modern languages like Haskell, you know, those are much faster languages when it comes to really crunching large numbers. Now, because Python is slower at crunching numbers, that does mean that Python isn't appropriate for some tasks. Let me repeat, some tasks, right? There are some things Python would not be great at. But Python's perfectly capable of doing most computer related tasks. And in some cases, again, it offers real world benefits over some of the faster alternative languages. And I think one of the reasons why it's become cool to hate on Python these days is Python obviously is one of the most popular programming languages today, if not the most popular. It's everywhere, right?  In fact, some of the most important pieces of software on your Linux system probably are written entirely or partially in Python. A few examples off the top of my head, since I, you know, run Arch Linux based distributions, Pacman, the Arch Linux package manager, Pacman is written in Python partially. It's actually written in a combination of C, Python and Bash scripting. The library SDK, so the library protocol, the protocol behind Odyssey, which is an alternative video platform to YouTube, that library SDK is actually written in Python, Spotify, Dropbox, Calibre, DeLuge, OpenShot, a number of really popular programs that are available on Linux and in some cases also Windows and Mac, all are written entirely or partially in Python. Some of the video games that you guys play, for some tests, they use Python. They leverage Python for certain things such as add-ons for the games or sometimes they use Python for internal scripting. Obviously, some of the programs that I talk about often on this channel, things like Vert Manager, the hypervisor that I talked about the other day that is written in Python. That's a front-end, actually, to KVM. So KVM is not written in Python. That's part of the Linux kernel that's all written in C. Vert Manager is just a GUI front-end, and it's written in Python, which is perfectly acceptable. When I talk about good use cases of Python, a graphical front-end to something is a perfect use case for Python. And when people are saying, I won't use Vert Manager because it's written in Python, do you even know what you're talking about at that point? Like, what would be the benefit of rewriting that graphical front-end in something like C? What gains are you getting from that? Because the Vert Manager is not actually running your virtual machines. The KVM, the Linux kernel modules, are actually taking care of doing the heavy lifting. That's all QEMU and KVM, you know, on the lower level. Vert Manager is just that face on top, you know, how you interact with that stuff. One of the biggest criticisms I get is one of my favorite tiling window managers is Qtile. I love it. It is fantastic. Qtile is written and configured entirely in Python. And when people hear this, they immediately think, well, this window manager is going to be slow and heavy and it's going to be horrible and it's not. It's fantastic. There is absolutely, I don't notice ever a speed difference when I log into Qtile, which is written in Python versus DWM, which is written in C, a really fast language. Or when I log into Xmonad, which is written in Haskell, which is a really fast language, I notice absolutely no difference between Qtile, DWM and Xmonad. And the reason is because people misconstrue what a window manager actually is. They think the window manager is like the whole dang computer, like it controls everything. No, a window manager, all it does is determines where your windows appear on the screen, that placement, that XY coordinate where a window gets thrown. You know, when you open something, the window goes here. When you open this new window, it goes here. And when you rearrange them, they swap places. That's all a window manager does. It does some very simple mathematical computations, and then just puts the window in the correct place. And Python is perfect for that, right? Like, you could literally use any language, it doesn't have to be fast at all, to actually handle what a window manager actually is. For those of you that are running Linux, most of your distro specific applications. So when you log into whatever XYZ Linux distribution, and you get your welcome screen, chances are that's probably written in Python, your settings manager for your distros probably written in Python, you know, these distro specific apps. And the reason a lot of distro maintainers when they write their own custom apps, they use Python is because it's an easy language to get into. And again, Python is perfect for tasks such as a welcome screen. Another thing I remember years ago, the old Ubuntu software center, Ubuntu now uses the GNOME software center. But four or five years ago, they actually had their own Ubuntu software center, it was written in Python, at least partially it was written in Python. And the server back in the web framework, they may have been leveraging some Python on the back end of that thing as well. I'm not actually sure on that. But it wouldn't surprise me because much of the web actually uses Python. And this is another thing these anti Python people, the Python is slow, like we have billion dollar and trillion dollar companies that use Python for some of their most important stuff. For example, YouTube, we're on YouTube right now.  YouTube is owned by Google. Google as a company really likes Python. Python has always been a recognized language at Google. Since the very beginning, even Python conferences, Google sometimes is a sponsor of these large Python conferences. Instagram uses Python, not necessarily the Instagram app, but I know the application servers, the back end, a lot of that stuff those servers are built with Python and they use the Django framework and Reddit uses Python read it when it was originally created. They actually created it and wrote it in common list. But about 15 years ago or so, they actually rewrote Reddit to actually leverage Python. They wanted to switch away from this to Python because it gave them more flexibility because just Python is a much more mature language. It's not as old as list, but it has many, many more libraries and modules and web frameworks and things like that to work with unlike common list. So I've listed a number of pieces of software and a lot of web services that we use on a daily basis. You and I use on a daily basis and these services and pieces of software. Sometimes these are made by billion dollar or trillion dollar companies. And are you telling me that all these billion dollar companies that are so heavily invested in Python using Python with their applications and Python on their web servers? Are you telling me that these huge companies and these really smart people that work for these huge companies, they don't know that Python is slow? What is it? You have some secret knowledge that Python is really a slow language, but they don't. Well, what I think it is, I think that actual developers and actual programmers, they actually know something that the normies don't. And for one thing, although Python is slow at the number crunching, we've talked about that many Python libraries that actually require speed, they actually do leverage C under the hood. So Python knows it's slow at crunching numbers. That's why a lot of these libraries and frameworks, if they actually need speed, well, they just leverage C. So I think the slowness of Python is way exaggerated by the haters. Again, for most tasks, Python, it's more than fast enough to do the job. And then we haven't even talked about the benefits of Python from a pragmatic viewpoint, the speed of which devs can code something in Python versus the fast languages like C, for example. Well, you can code things much quicker in Python. It's just an easier language to work in, not to mention more people know the language. That's why these billion dollar, trillion dollar companies, they hire so many Python developers as because there's so many Python developers available, they can actually get things done much more quickly than if they had to employ strictly C developers to do all of this stuff.   That's what I don't get these comments. Again, these are not from people that actually involved in development at all. These are just normal computer users that for some reason they've heard this rumor spread around.  You're spreading all of this misinformation somewhere along the way.   You bought into some BS somewhere along the way because there's a reason Python is everywhere.  It's very easy to learn and actually does a lot of things really, really well, including software on your Linux system. Like the people I won't run that program because it's written in Python. Get over it because again, Python is everywhere. It's not going anywhere, you know, and all these pieces of software written in Python, all these web services you interact with every day written in Python. If you can't use Python, then you really can't use a computer at this point. So it's too prevalent, right? It's too prevalent. It's everywhere. You're never going to get away from it. Now, before I go, I need to thank a few special people. I need to thank the producers of this episode. And of course, I'm talking about Devon Gabe James, Matt, Michael Mitchell, Paul Scott, Wes, Akami Allen, Lennox Ninja, Chuck, Commander, Angry Kurt, Diokai, David, Dylan Gregory, Heiko, Koska, Lee, Max and Mike, Nitrix, Erja, and Alexander, Peace, Origin for Door, Polytech, Raver, Red Prophet, Steven and Willie. These guys are my highest tiered patrons over on Patreon without these guys. This episode you just watched would not have been possible. The show is also brought to you by each and every one of these ladies and gentlemen as well. All these names you're seeing on the screen right now, these are all my supporters over on Patreon because I don't have any corporate sponsors. I'm just sponsored by you guys, the community. If you like my videos and you want more of this kind of content, please subscribe to DistroTube over on Patreon. Alright guys, peace. And try out Qtel, it's actually pretty good.


We are missing one board member and we kind of expect him to show up, but we'll start without him We have two applications tonight I think we have all the applicants here Our zoning administrator who is also the acting applicant for our first application When we was asked, everybody intends to give testimony in this board meeting tonight on either one of these cases Please raise your hand And you square tell truth not the truth So first application is several month chamber of commerce and the program probably works board That's for a waiver for a pump station for a side yard setback. Thank you, Mr. Chair Yep, so I've got a map here of the project that I need to explain In openness I have discussed this application with the zoning administrator who I didn't realize was going to be applicant But I don't think it will interfere with my ability to make a judgment against him So as For a couple years now, I've been the staff for the Berlin public board board and One of their initiatives is to look at bringing I came early and now I'm like So the one of the initiatives that the Berlin public's work for is is Taking on right now is to bring Gravity sewer service from the intersection of 62 in paint turf pipe north north to the intersection of fish Fisher Road and paint turbine pipe north There's currently no gravity nose service sewers service from about this point on the map to that point on the map in August of 2018 the town voted a 2.2 million dollar bond initiative to get this work done What this this work does it eliminates several? Very aged infrastructure current infrastructure pieces Right now on this section of town on the south side of 62 Yeah, it's serviced by gravity lines and goes to a pump station behind the The 802 Honda pump station is about 40 years old It's a force main through some wetlands here through this section goes to manhole, which then gets conveyed down there is a the school has a pump station here and It's I believe it's 25 years old force main goes through this wetland over to manhole at the at the mall The fire station has a relatively newer municipal pump station that pumps down to this section connects to the to the schools force main and Over here. There's a private pump station Which is earmarked to be replaced in the next 12 months and it's shared by Northville Savings Bank Chamber of Commerce and With superior development for these properties here that that they are developing The plan for this This system will eliminate all of those pump stations here And what we're asking to is to add a new pump station on the Chamber of Commerce Property and we're looking asking the developer view board to grant a waiver to the site setback Basically, if you look at this drawing here It's so we can really stay as much out of the chambers paved area and not tear that up So that's really the main focus of us asking for this This setback requirement our original plans where I'll get into this but for a couple reasons The name was financial Ideally, we would like to have taken this whole top area of town by gravity sewer down to a This is the city multi-colors water treatment plant down here. They have a siphon system down Down here that they send their wastewater from their water treatment process for various reasons We would generate too much too much solids for that to It's a it's a double Siphon system and we just thought there's gonna be too much maintenance So the grand scheme if we're all around here in the future would be to take Take it through gravity and this connects over here and down In the city of line to a manhole down here at the city that would eliminate all pump stations up in this area You may or may not know that all Municipal sewage is controlled by the town of Berlin goes to a main pump station on group 302 Down there But where the old taco building was down there So all of the town's wastewater goes through that pump station it itself is 40 plus years old We really would have liked to have taken this volume off of that pump station just the Helps with its longevity, but financially didn't make sense So what we're what we're asking for on this project Was on this This diagram here is This is 62 by gravity of sewer sewage wastewater won't be conveyed down through via manholes and They will put a pump station on this on the property a Velvau and this this will be a Generator on this parking space up in here to service this case. There's any power outages This then will be conveyed by by force main up to a manhole just off outside the site psychiatric hospital So that's the that's the project in the nutshell Not that's material this application. Have you been using the same force name? No Is this the only property that this is affecting Well if what it does it'll I mean we're bringing sewer service from all these properties, so they'll have a You know, I just met it Yeah, that's correct just that property. Yes This is actually going to be the only structure above ground all this is going to be At at or below grade except the generator the generator will be above ground Well, the pump station itself will be below ground. It will be the valve ball will be below ground will be I See and the generator is more than 15 feet from the side with from the yes Yep, so don't the only part that will be within the setback requirement will be underground correct Our waiver requirements It asks us to address Ready for issues Which the African In his textic bios with But let me just ask you paraphrase. Yes first a reference to specific dimensional standards the great place the applicant is requesting a waiver from We are Section 2106d5 the site setback in this residential zoning district is 15 feet minimum We are asking per the regulations section 2540 502 allows the RB to prove a 50% setback of that to seven and a half feet and I didn't pick up on this but the setback only pertains to the low ground Facilities, this is all yes correct And but only for this property or because elsewhere you're going to be within You'll be with a highway right away. We're going down the highway water right away. Yep. Yeah, that was at one time We talked about other alternates Alternatives but through archaeological wetlands and all that stuff. It just was end of the day going down the town right away was most economical Yes direct It does but it's just cheaper to go. You're not if you don't have to dig up pavement replacement. It's you know But then you're dealing with easements and all that In Tom and I had this conversation so again to be open He's requesting a variance from the waiver from the side yard setback The question is this really has two front yards He's had this this like one has frontage on two different roads So does it have a does it have a backyard or side yard? The definitions clearly say when you have two frontage is on roads you have only side yards Either your frontage or a side yard It was considered a rear. What's that? Is it the different side? It is. Yes. Yeah, the waiver would have to be something considered a little less But that's not the case The next criteria is that the development The right place Why don't I'm trying to correlate what you wrote with what they said here There was a hose land will not stand to permanently pair the lawful use of development addition property. Where's where's that in here? Ah Okay Okay and It will the proposed development will not really alter the essential essential character of the area So there's a it's a wastewater pump station involved and those are those are below ground The there's a generator and a service panel which are pretty common units throughout this area I believe more felt savings bank has one the school has one there are numerous examples of Generators above ground generators. This will be a sound attenuated diesel generator that we're looking to put in here So I don't think it'll Cause any concern with with with the uses of the the neighboring and of the of the area It's on a fairly busy road there paint turnpike north Is what There'll be these rows that there's trees here now But they'll most but these will be gone and we will plant trees Back in through here. This is this is all below ground. You'll see just It'll be the building right generated building it'll be in the sound attenuated. Yes Tom where that where this is where the these two structures will be the pump station and the valve bolt Yes, what is there now right in that spot? Two trash containers in a concrete pan there they're going to be placed right in front of the generator, okay, and in front and so Did it would did you look into the possibility? Since the underground did you look into the possibility of locating those outside of the setback area? We didn't in the chamber was pretty adamant this the new paving here That we will disturb some of the pavement as part of this project and they were comfortable with our remediation of that But on the go-forward they would just rather not have to have any traffic over there over their pavement So we tried to make make it as pavement friendly as we as we could so is it Is it I mean you wouldn't be able to put this in a parking lot and just drive over it cuts on the ground? You can't you could no you absolutely could again it was their preference their requirement of Us not being on their pavement They're under their pavement under their pavement. Yeah, yeah I Well, you have to maintain those vaults and the pump station routinely so yes It's think of it as these covers is a when you drive down the street and you see a sewer Mad hole. It's basically what it is We'll not the public the the proposed element will not be detrimental to public health safety welfare My opinion is it would only enhance public safety and welfare it eliminates these three aged infrastructures some of them going through sense at a wetland areas to a much more energy efficient and shorter shorter on the They'll actually go down the down The town right away and into a manhole here So the distance is Significantly less than any of our pump stations here. So I believe it's going to improve the The health and safety of the town these are actually getting removed It won't be removed It'll be abandoned what the what they do is is you Clean them out as best you can then you cap the ends. Yep Yeah, I only want to venture a guess on the quality of that piping Neither would I And lastly the proposed land development is Beneficial or necessary for continued reasonable use of the property again the Who benefits from this are the sewer users is it's the fee based sewer system here It's not tax tax base. It's it's user based So who benefits is is really the customer base of which the central Vermont Chamber of Commerce is is is a customer their current customer of of the town town of Berlin In the long run I believe All these properties along this road benefit from having And I have this drawing here If you want to see it, but we put water in 2016 now putting sewer in 2019 I believe that adds Significant values to properties on either side of that and turn ads to the town's grand list which Which helps all taxpayers But you as you point out the Chamber of Commerce is a customer. So in that sense, it is beneficial to them. They are yeah They would like to get out of the sewage pumping business That's it, you know, they have You know, you have responsibilities when it's your own pump station Comments Notice was given to the joining landowners. Yes, and this is part of it Yeah You'll probably get to this traffic during construction Yeah, that's we'll have Likely be because we're gonna go right down the road. We're gonna have one-way traffic does as you control it We hope to begin Construction yet this fall which will work on this lower end and then work our way up It was an interesting piece of engineering I'll the verge a little bit. So so the tricky piece from the timing was this route 62 crossing It's it's a limited-access highway.  So I don't know if I answered your question But I thought it was pretty cool. We got around that I always thought setbacks and being Not required but useful to create some separation between buildings to you know, loud neighbors not to bump into neighbors First place I'd say well, this is all in the ground. So it's not covered by the setback rules But I guess it is a structure structure structure includes underground Things that are built underground. So I guess it is That's new to these regulations I always felt there's a problem with our old regulations somebody could put a gas tank Right next to your index to your property line Without regard to setback, but there's 70 tank mr. Your property line, but they're at least field when it's your property line There are other rules of government these fields, right? Yeah Just struck me as This time around So the I do think that In hindsight probably a waiver of a waiver They should be a broader scope of waiver for these kind of I Was looking for it and wasn't Really think we need is some kind of Underground structure as long as we recognize this there is permitted We should be able to weigh in the distance if it's appropriate. Yeah We're visiting the regulations, so we're thinking about them Okay, any other comments or questions Will the You're the only one I had Second most been made and seconded close the hearings and discussion on motion Hearing none all those in favor of the motion. Please see if I was saying hi I We're obviously working with our reporting secretary who's only here, I should acknowledge that from the beginning, however we are being reported and she will rely on the tape and the video here. I will, if your backs are going to be to the video, but she'll have all this information and she was here for the previous years. I also want to add that this is the same application we reviewed and approved, however we approved it under a different set of regulations. We have a standing condition in our subdivisions that I believe it's 180 days that the necessary facts need to be filed with the town clerk and that did not happen so which then we did the. So this is all Rick Belfall? It is. Who would have known? I know. So this is all being taken up under the new regulations? It is, yes. So this is the same? It's no different? No different. No different? Couldn't recall. I thought it was one of the laws that would be subreddit again or something. And I did share with the board today, the state of Moana has issued a letter of intent for this project. They seem to be happy with the curb cut down there. We did not get that, we didn't seek that the first time around. So we're going to subdivisions, right? I did. I did. Everybody's going to testify. I have been supported. How many pages that, Mr. Chairman? It's a 333. These are the standards. There's another section on procedure, but there's the standards that we're interested in. And because they're slightly different, the same standard, but there's, you know, we may recall we recently had a minor subdivision that we went through. We have to decide whether the criteria is applicable. If it is, does this application, as it came before us before, meet those criteria? And before I do that, let me just ask the applicant, do you have any comments with regard to this application we should be aware of? I don't believe so at all. I think they're good. Tom, anything you want to add to? No. It's just a clinical error of why we're here, I think. Okay. And so the criteria, some of these standards are suitability of the land. Well, I should say, first of all, the capacity of the, this is, I'm reading 3502. I'm going to page 363. It asks us to consider the capacity of the community facilities and utilities. Local school, police, road, parks, recreation facilities, water supply, and solid waste disposal facilities. And you addressed these before. Is there anything that we need to know here? I mean, we know that this is not a town road issue. No, and we have, as I said, we have a letter of intent from the state of Vermont. They seem to be happy with the application. Chief Wolf got another notice from him, a review, and he didn't have any concerns with it. I did not hear back from Chief Defrain on the fire piece. And water and wastewater is individual or in sources, which have been approved by the state of Vermont. I did notice that in the plans here, it says revised 4319 by WSC to change lot number six to a four bedroom design. And yet, if I look at this document from the state, it says lot number six. Is it for construction of a three bedroom single-family residence? This is more, gotta be a new apartment than that one. This is March 14th of 19th. That's pretty new. Excuse me, I'm sorry, that's the one the town clerk got it. Carl, this is March 7th of 19th. This is April 18th. This one's been filed. I think this is it. That's the last page, Richard. That's where Carl signatories, you know, on this one. Yeah. March. April 18th. Okay. Sorry. Yeah. So this has been updated in this one? Yeah. I'm going to make a copy. Sure. Yeah. Oh, just eagle eyes.  Just takes long enough to eventually listen to someone. Does anybody want a copy of this? No. No? In regard to the cash, you would be cool. We'll give that back. Do you want to just verify with their son? Yeah. For the record, that water and wastewater already is 3505C. So we were just talking about the capacity of the community and did not affect, does not point out, did not affect municipal or municipal sewer. Here's the other page. Right. I'm sorry. Yeah. Next criteria is suitability of the land. One of the sub criteria is the subject of periodic flooding and drainage problems. We do know parts of the problem. Parts for the project are within the 100 year flood plain. All of the development has been proposed as above the 100 year flood. Yeah. Section 3504, design and configuration of parcel boundaries. And there's a number of sub criteria here. Do any feeling need to go through these? I only had, I'm not sure if this is the place for or not in regards to those drive. I don't remember back to the original. Thinking about people exiting the property at night time of lights going against the other way of the traffic. Were you, did we talk about the planting of shrubs or anything like that to stop that? No. I don't think that's going to be the case because you're actually, it's going to be down. Quite a bit of difference in elevation. So they'd be coming up to pull out. Yeah.  So the only time that you're going to. Exit. Yeah. Yeah. Exit for the people coming this way. Yeah. I think it's just like any other driveway when someone drives out, you know, you're going to be pointing your headlights somewhere out there.  I think that that. I just couldn't remember what to talk about. Again, the state is issuing an LOI on it. They're, they're all over that kind of stuff. And they were, when I talked to McEvoy, he was pretty happy that it was a single entry. Oh yeah. He turned us around in two days or he thought it was going to take four weeks that he was, he was pretty happy with it. There's no question that have it in single entry for four lots is to obviously everyone's advantage. It's certainly the traffic public. So impact on the road, which discuss later is, is minimalized. The, I see no problems with this. You know, I. What's the minimum road crash? Or do we know? I don't know. All right. We do. It meets it. It's RL 40. 120 feet, I think. You must be looking at the one where it's got. The curve. The curve. Yeah, I got the curve. Remember we had that last time? Yeah. None of these spaces haven't changed. No. We haven't changed that. But our standards have changed. I don't know if that makes sense. Yeah, that's what I'm talking about. Frontage didn't change. Did that change? No. It's 120 feet. That's what we use last time. The lot dimensions. And again, this is where you're going. Meets the frontage requirements and so forth. I don't see any problems with this. I'm not sure how to address it in terms of findings. Still grappling with how to address the ordinance here. There are a lot of lines that are quite angry. I think in general, in my opinion, it applies with the requirements of a lot of interest. Yeah, that's the first time I've heard those sort of long, skinny walks. Refrel. Tell us where. Yep. Kind of. And also the flag type lots. Yes. You have a narrow frontage and give the ignorance that they're all over the place. One lot obviously does have a fair amount of a lot number one. Six. No, it's three. Oh, three, yeah. It has a fair amount of property out behind, but it's not necessary to meet long acreage requirements. It's just the way that they've done it. Yeah. So you provided building envelopes on each one of the lots. This criteria is very viable for C. And identify an area which building can be built. You do show a building location, per se, but is that kind of where you're thinking about building them? I think for the most part, you know, the layout of the land, we want to, you know, we don't want everybody to line right up. So I'm doing them set back kind of a little bit, makes it look kind of nice. It needs trees. The property needs trees. There's nothing there. We do get the landscaping here in about a minute. But right now, we're talking about the design layout of necessary improvements. And I think the only improvement that's common to these lots is the road, the access road. It does not serve more than three lots, in my opinion. So it does not need to meet road standards. Is that how you read the ordinance, Tom? No, it's a curveball to me. Maybe I didn't, I don't know the answer to that. I was wondering about that, too. The access serves more than three lots, but the road that serves four, five, and six is only three lots. So I interpret that road as not need to meet town road standards. That's really what I'm talking about. That makes sense, Bob. However, if we built it to town road standards, would you maintain it? No. Only if you get it accepted. There we go. I'll speak for the slight moment. But they do insist that private roads do meet town road standards for a number of private roads that don't. But that begs the question, because we've talked about it in the past. Is there a maintenance agreement on this driveway with these individual lots? We'll have that on the end. It's good if it's an idea. That's right. People don't always look at it that way. All four parties should be part of the maintenance agreement. Maybe we want to be written differently, because one lot is using less. Nothing but the entranceway, but there's still the entranceway to be maintained. So would that be a condition of any permit here? It would be. You're ahead of me, because it's further down in here. But yeah, I think this really deals with road design, per se. But design construction standards and trees on the road, stuff like that. The next criteria is bicycle pedestrian facilities. And I'm guessing you're not planning for any bicycle pedestrian facilities, per se. Nope. Water and wastewater. And that goes back to what we've talked about before. And you have received state approval for individual water and wastewater facilities. Your plat is going to make reference to easements? Yes. Not only for the road, but also I noticed a couple of wastewater septic systems, sharing that realize. Yeah, I think this is one, just lot four I think. So any questions, comments with regard to water and wastewater? Firefighting facilities. Not applicable. Public and private utilities. Yeah, I would say that's not applicable. Landscaping is applicable. You don't have a landscaping plan presented? No, we don't, because we don't know what the folks are going to want on there, and they're individual lots, you know, when we build a house one. Some people might want cedar, hedge, you know, some people might want maple trees. So you're not planning any landscaping, per se, with regard to the project? Yeah, we're doing it right now. It's going to be individual? Yeah, we're going to build a house on each one for somebody, and then they'll... What's the distance between the proposed gravel drive and Route 12, or the paved part of Route 12? I thought we just went through that with the power, because it was 50 feet. Yeah. I think it is. So, here it is. Yeah, it's closest part point. It's about 38 feet. From the road itself? Yeah, from the pavement itself. Not from the right-of-way. Right. I'm trying to remember, does it dip down there? Is it flat terrain? What's the terrain like? Well, you can see it kind of drops down as it further goes this way. That road will be below Route 12. Right. Right. That would be... There's no point in talking about that much difference. Yeah, it might be that much. But that would be a logical place to put a few trees right in that buffer zone, basically, if you could. That's a great comment. I understand that. I'm paying attention. No, that's okay. That's what I was asking if you talked about that last time. I see. That specific spot. No, I appreciate you bringing that up. Are you making a recommendation here? Yeah. I think that land is not going to be... I mean, it's owned by each of the people's individual lots, but they're not going to pay much attention to that land because it's separated on the other side of the gravel thing. So, basically, doing something consistent along that road right there and that road that would enhance everyone's value and it wouldn't affect really the specifics. At least that's the way I look at it. I think there's something that could happen. If we're at a great difference, so it starts off at about 5 to 7 feet and we end up between 12 and 15 feet from the road down, what are we going to build there? What are we going to put there? That's already grown and that's going to... Well, if something is going to grow there, so it's either going to be mowed or it's going to... In which case, it's not... Or it's just going to grow in brush and brush is going to grow up and then that just going to continue to... Whatever grows there, it's going to grow there. If we're to plant trees there now, it's going to be many years before they grow. That's what I mean. I can't see... I guess if you looked at the property, you'd see what I mean. I drive by it almost every day. But I don't have a strong visual idea. I know it drops down some because it's... I think what would be planted would depend on the purpose. Are you thinking of shielding lights? I'm thinking of visual... Yeah, it wouldn't shield lights much because the lights will be in the other direction this way. So you're thinking of like a crowned vetch on that slope because it won't be maintained. You'll say it'll just be... Or you're thinking of a more woody structure. Yeah. The problem here... I think you don't want to block the... We need to be blocking the... The vision, but yeah. Well, if I were any of one of those houses, I would probably roll of maples or... I would choose maples as opposed to a solid wood. Yeah, some... It probably had to be some... Well, it's not that much salt, but it has to be something that's fairly resistant to road. I would think as a developer that I would build my tree lane on this side of the driveway, not on the road side of the driveway. So it could be part of their... You know, not part of them. That's not a bad point, probably. We're laying it out there. You know, certainly the first couple of houses wouldn't want to screen not only the road, but also the common drive from their view. But everybody has their own preferences. That's what I'm getting to is that they really do. It's crazy. Some people want rose bushes all around their house. We're not talking about commercial industrial buildings. We're talking about residential structures. I, you know, I'm not inclined to go there for the board. My concern is lights, but if that's not an issue... Yeah, because they'd be going... The traffic would be going... Right, they'd have to come in this way and probably go that way. Well, if we're going southbound, and somebody's leaving the drive, their lights would be pointed at each other on the opposite side. That's what I mean. They probably make any difference at that point. So, okay. I don't think we need to... Do a description of the property layout from the applicant. And again, the state of Vermont looked at this. To this detail, I don't know, but they are pretty good when they review their applications. The reality is you're really not talking about a lot of traffic on that... No. It's not because of the firebreak consideration here. Okay. In fact, I would suggest to you that probably there's probably more clear that comes from the parking lot by the winery. Yeah. We'll be here. Not that we're having jurisdiction of patrol over the winery, but that's that point. Okay. If we were to pose a requirement for some landscaping there, would you have a strong objection? Well, I don't know if we'd have a strong objection.  I mean, if we're going to be planting maples, we've got to plant some nice ones. So I don't know. I mean, I agree with James in that. I think that's really up to the individual person. We're selling them the whole home, a lot. Let's discuss what they want for landscaping at that point. I hate to tell somebody what they have to have. It's the house that they're dreaming about. Yeah. Well, the primary concern I would have is it's going to be on individual or home private lots. And any tree you plant is subject to maintenance. Mm-hmm. And, you know, it's the people that's that side of the road. They're most of the people who own those lots aren't going to consider that their practical purpose is they're going to consider the ground right away. They're not going to consider it part of any of them. So they're not going to do anything with it. They're just going to sit there. That's one thing you maybe just put it in a crowned vetch on that slope.  No. I mean, that's easy. It's like a ground cover. Yeah. It takes really people seeing your house or road noise or anything else. It's usually used for hard demo areas. I mean, it's pretty expensive to put that in. It just makes some consistency there. It would probably enhance all the properties as opposed to letting whatever grows here. But, you know, because it's not going to be maintained whatever is planted there. I know that's what that's the crowned vetch. It self-seeds and it just, you know. Have we done the landscape? Yeah, I don't think, yeah. Yeah. Rows and control? I think probably we do have a vertical stand, you know, bylaws that are outlying in section 3210. And that would be a requirement, I think, whatever you do. It has to deal primary with the construction site which is the road. We'll be referencing that. Stormwater management? I don't think that's applicable. Do you have any plans for stormwater management? Well, we had, you know, some kind of meeting. Assuming on the slope, the water just runs to the south. Yeah, the Dog River. It's between the driveway to be and the ditch from the road.  It's the residents whatever side buildings they have and what they have in the driveway. The next one, do we have any minutes in the lot quarters? Markers? Yeah, that's, the applicant must have talked about some of his regulations. So, Rick will be responsible to stall the markers when it's done. I'm sure you have not done that yet. Oh, yeah, they're done. They're in place already? Yeah. This is where the construction maintenance of necessary improvements and that's establishment of owners. I didn't know before under that criteria. Establishment of owners association or similarly illegally enforceable mechanism for, I think, in this case here, maintain the road. Do you want to see that prior to that language of issuance of a permit? The applicant's choice is which way he does it. So I think we need to see what you tend to do. You either put it in the deeds. Yeah, we have to put it in the deeds. Or you could have a separate agreement which becomes a contract. I personally think you're a better off in this case than the deeds. Absolutely. I would just suggest seeing that if a permit get issued and dotting eyes after the fact is not necessarily a good thing. You okay with that? So it's going to be contingent on that or we have to give it to you before you approve? No, it'll be contingent. We won't have another hearing on this matter. You just have to get to the word. You need to provide us with a copy of what you're going to do. Presumably you'll satisfy 305J4 which is a sharing of responsibility for approval. I think it's a good idea to do that anyway. People will be cursing their names later on. I hear all the time these nightmares are going on. I'm on a road right now up in Washington working on these people who've got issues and potholes and yelling at each other. We have that issue too because it's called a state. Loop 12. Loop 12. Loop anything. This was a tough year. Care to the area and settlement pattern and I think it's compatible with the care to the area. And soil preservation and this space to stop by on the top soil you may remove making reasonable effort to repair any soil compaction prior to seeding. I'm not sure how we deal with that. Do you make conditions? What do you have in mind? Is that mainly for the road? No, this is for any construction. For any construction. The Africans tend to do the construction of these office. But that's not always the case. No. The ordinance requires so I think probably we need to make reference to the section the ordinance says must comply with provision 3507. We need to familiarize yourself with that provision which is a standard operating procedure today. Yeah, you mean that most of the excavators have been doing it for 30 years probably no. Yeah. Not too many people do throw waste tops on them. Not that for money. I don't know what it costs. As a matter of fact I'm waiting for a year and a half. So it's a biking bug. It's a mountain out there with your name on it. Yeah. So any comments or questions by the board members? No. Do you have any comments for them? We just appreciate your help. I'm sorry we had to go through this again. Well it wouldn't be such a problem but it's a different set of regulations. I understand. So we just said simply redo. Yeah. So we'll make a motion to adjourn. Close the hearing. Close the hearing. Most have been made and circulated by Shane. What was the one portion of the hearing? I should be using name about our recording secretary. Apologize, Christie. A discussion on that one. Hearing none, I'll also fare the motion. I'll say aye. Close. The hearing is closed and we thank you. Thank you. We'll get that right away to this. Come up and give it to you, Tom. Thank you. We continue our deliberations after this and we'll do that whenever we come up with a vision. We'll be looking at these new bylaw regulations and referencing them where appropriate, as in the site, since there's no preservation. Okay. Thank you. Hope so very much. Thank you. Before we go into a little recession we have one other item on our agenda which is the approval of the minutes of our last meeting which is a month and a half ago now. April 16th I don't remember if I shared with board members but I did share with Zone Administrator and Christie in my comments on that. Did I share them? It's been too long, I can't remember. I don't remember. I don't remember. I had to take a nap before I got here. I had a number of edits which I actually did and edited of the unapproved minutes and it really has to do with none of you have your copy minutes with you. But we really was clarifying what was applicable, what was not applicable and in those cases where it was applicable making like for instance the and we're talking about the same criteria we're talking about here tonight so a lot of dimensions meets district standards which I suggest we say water wastewater on-site water wastewater improved by the state so I answered that kind of language and in some of these in fact now I look at it probably I heard soil preservation I see it not applicable actually in that case it really wasn't that was just a not-so-ready-developed because that was so anybody who wants copy this I'll be glad to forward it to them but I would move that we make the changes itself so the improve the minutes as amended would you like that? I would like that. Thank you. For instance Jeff blows she had the wrong terminology it's a key to concrete block is what he was proposing Jim Bond Jim Bond you really did change his name I always knew it was Jim Blow so we have a motion for a second to approve the minutes as amended discretion all those in favor?


I'm Captain Leininger of the Detco. My duty is to ensure that the jets have a mission every day. They launch and know where they're going to support all four exercises covering ball tops, anaconda, switch response, and saver strike. We coordinate directly with our receiver units to know when and where we need to offload a specific amount of fuel to either US or Polish F-16s. We've been able to be very successful so far. So total impact between the four NATO exercises. We have 30 sorties and we've flown 95 hours offloading 953 pounds of JP-8, totaling 93 receivers, 27 of which being Polish. So a huge impact across the the Baltic states, Poland, and up into Estonia. I think the the mission has been a great success down here. My favorite was the photo X in ball tops and being able to see all the coalition aircraft come together with the B-52s, the Gripens, the Typhoons, US, and Polish F-16s. I think that was the highlight in one picture shows the capability that we have in the force we have throughout NATO and all the participant countries.