Income tax 2023-2024, who qualifies as your dependent definitions and special rules. Get ready and some coffee because we're setting our refund to the max with income tax preparation 2023-2024. First, a word from our sponsor. Yeah, actually we're sponsoring ourselves on this one because apparently the merchandisers, they don't want to be seen with us.  Like our, trust me, I'm an accountant product line.  Because apparently we're among the only ones equipped with the number crunching skills to answer society's current deep complex and nuanced questions. If you would like a commercial free experience, consider subscribing to our website at accountinginstruction.com or accountinginstruction.thinkific.com. Most of this information can be found in the line instructions section of the form 1040 instructions, tax year 2023, which you can find on the IRS website at irs.gov, irs.gov. Looking at dependence, remembering that every time we look at a particular item for income taxes, we want to visualize the income tax formula and think about the primary line items that would be affected from it. And then think about the residual effects of the changes to those line items on the income tax formula. When we're thinking about dependence, the primary line items are generally the credits down below. So if we have a single taxpayer who has a dependent, then they might get a child tax credit, which could have a refundable portion to it possibly or other dependent credit. However, there also could be changes to filing status. For example, going from single to head of household could be largely dependent on a dependent. And that could affect the standard deduction as well as the tax rates. Now we talked about dependence in a prior presentation, usually like with the filing statuses. It's pretty straightforward to determine if someone is a dependent or not. But sometimes we have that gray area. We talked about the general questionnaire last time. Now we'll talk about some of those gray areas that we can expand upon. And those are things that you can do further research if you find a question as to whether someone qualifies as a dependent or as a qualifying child versus a dependent. So remember the general process would be, do they qualify as a qualifying child? Because if they do, then you're looking to see if you can get the child tax credit, which would be a higher benefit than not having a child tax credit. If they don't qualify for the child tax credit, then you're seeing if you can get the other dependent credit. On the Form 1040, we can see that the dependents are listed down here. Name, social security number, relationship, and then checking the benefit that we're going to get, which we'll be showing on page two of the Form 1040, either the child tax credit typically or the credit for other dependents. And then on page two, we've got the tax calculation, which could be impacted the child tax credit up top. And then you could have a refundable portion of it down below as well. Okay, again, these are some of the additional factors. So if you want to take a look at the general thought process for whether or not someone qualifies as a dependent, look at the prior presentation. Now we're expanding on some of the definitions that you might need to drill down on in special situation. All right, so an adopted child. As we saw before with the filing statuses, an adopted child is always treated as your own child. An adopted child includes a child lawfully placed with you for legal adoption. Adoption, a taxpayer identification number, otherwise known as the ATINs. So if they're adopted, we know that of course you need the number, social security number, or at least some kind of identification number. If they're adopted, that means you might have an adoption taxpayer identification, an ATIN, A-T-I-N. So if you have a dependent who was placed with you for legal adoption and you don't know the dependent's SSN, you don't have their social security number, you must get an ATIN for the dependent from the IRS. You can see Form W7A for details if the dependent isn't a U.S. citizen or resident alien, apply for an ITIN instead using Form W7. Children of divorced or separated parents. Now here's where the messiness often comes in because the child, the children often have a significant impact as we can see on the tax return. So who can claim the children for taxes can become a point of contention, which is something that would be best to set up as soon as possible instead of kind of fighting over it at the point of time when you're actually filing the tax returns, which could be a messy situation. So a child will be treated as the qualifying child or qualifying relative of the child's non-custodial parent defined later if all of the following conditions apply. Number one, the parents are divorced, legally separated under a written separation agreement or lived apart at all times during the last six months of 2023 whether or not they were married. Number two, the taxpayer received over half of the child's support for 2023 from the parents and the rules on multi-support agreements later don't apply. Support of a child received from a parent's spouse is treated as provided by the parent. Three, the child is in custody of one or both of the parents for more than half of 2023. Number four, either of the following applies. A, the custodial parent signs form 8332 or a substantially similar statement that they won't claim the child as a dependent for 2023 and the non-custodial parent includes a copy of the form or statement with their return. If the divorce decree or separation agreement went into effect after 1984 and before 2009, the non-custodial parent may be able to include certain pages from the decree or agreement instead of form 8332. You can see publication 1984 and pre-2009 decree or agreement and post-2008 for more details there. And then B, a pre-1985 decree of divorce or separate maintenance or written separation agreement between the parents provides that the non-custodial parent can claim the child as a dependent and the non-custodial parent provides at least $600 for support. Okay, so how, when would this possibly take place? Now note that if you're looking at who is going to basically get the benefit of the child on the tax return, it's usually going to be the custodial parent, meaning the parent that the child is living with. However, you can imagine situations where the parent who this child is living with might not get the biggest tax benefit from them living there because possibly they're already head of household, for example. And maybe they don't have a lot of income and maybe it's not going to have an impact on their earned in credit or child tax credit, therefore, because you're only getting the refundable portions of them or something like that. And in that case, you can kind of imagine that the non-custodial parent might have a bigger overall tax benefit if they were able to basically claim the dependent. So you might have a situation where you would like the non-custodial parent to basically be claiming the dependent. And these are types of things that would be best worked out in a divorce or separation or custody kind of agreement, taking into consideration these somewhat complex tax consequences so that they can be worked out, you know, not again before actually filing the tax returns, right? So if that applies, you can drill down deeper into that. If you're looking at someone who is in a divorce situation as a taxpayer, you know, the question is how much detail do you want to get in on a divorce situation? You can basically go over the tax law and then of course the lawyers are going to be the ones that are going to be hashing out any kind of divorce agreement who hopefully will take into consideration tax situations. Okay, so if conditions one through four apply, only the non-custodial parent can claim the child for purposes of the child tax credits and for credit for other dependents like 19 and 28. However, this doesn't allow the non-custodial parent to claim head of household filing status. So here we've got a separation between these two conditions as to whether they're going to qualify for head of household or not, which I mentioned a second ago, which could be something that is largely dependent upon dependents, but in a situation where the non-custodial parent is basically claiming the child, possibly they can get access to the child tax credit, but might not be able to consider that child in terms of support for the head of household. So again, kind of a sticky or kind of a confusing situation, which could often happen in these kind of weird situations where you have this custody claims for the dependents. So the credit for child and dependent care expenses, the exclusion or dependent care benefits or the earned income credit. So all of these often have impacts from whether or not you have a dependent. And again, if you're in this kind of weird situation where you're the non-custodial parent, you might not get the same benefit as you were if you were the custodial parent with a dependent on the form. So once again, however, this doesn't allow the non-custodial parent to claim head of household filing status, which would the credit for child and dependent care expenses, not the child tax credit. This is a different credit. The exclusion for dependent care expense benefits or the earned income tax credit, which is another huge refundable credit, which depends largely on the number of dependents, which we'll talk about later. So the custodial parent or another taxpayer, if eligible, can claim the child for the earned income credit. So that's an interesting situation because again, you can imagine the one that's taking care of the child, if they would still possibly want the child to be claimed for the earned income credit because even if they don't have any income, that could be a significant benefit to them because they won't be paying tax but could participate in kind of the welfare type of benefit program, can claim the child for the earned income credit and these other benefits. So again, if this is a situation you're in, you can take a look at Publication 501 to drill down on more detail to make sure to get that straightened out. Custodial and non-custodial parents. So what does that mean? The custodial parent is the parent with whom the child lived for the greater number of nights in 2023. So if there is a dispute about a child as to which tax return they can be on, usually the breaking factor would be who did the child live longer with because the assumption would be that they're the ones that are taking care of the child, but now we're looking at this situation where you have the non-custodial parent. So the custodial parent being the one that they lived with most of the time. So the custodial parent is the parent with whom the child lived for the greater number of nights. The non-custodial parent is the other parent. Now obviously again, this gets kind of ugly because if it's a split down the middle, you would think it would be even, that's how a lot of divorce systems might work, and then if you were to try to prove the number of nights you might actually track the number of nights and whatnot and try to say that and document it and all that kind of stuff. So if the child was with each parent for an equal number of nights, the custodial parent is the parent with the higher adjusted gross income. Now some people see that as not fair. Why would you give the child benefit at the tiebreaker to the one with the higher income? Well probably because that's the one that's going to be providing more of the financial benefits. So and possibly it's the one that maybe is going to have a higher tax benefit from it, although with the refundable credits that may not always be the case, right? So you can see publication 501 for the exception for a parent who works at night, rules for a child who is emancipated under state law and other details. Okay post 1984 and pre 2009 decree or agreement, the decree or agreement must state all three of the following. The non custodial parent can claim the child as a dependent without regard to any condition such as payment of support. So we have these condition like is the thing conditional on support payments, which you would think would be like alimony or something like that. The other parent won't claim the child as a dependent. So obviously in these agreements, the whole point is that you've worked out who's going to get the tax benefit from the child to best benefit everybody involved so that not both parents will will be reporting the same child on the tax return, which will of course cause problems into the future because the iris will see two social security numbers and they'll then come they'll they'll be a blowback on that like for sure. So the years for which the claim is is released. Okay, the non custodial parent must include all of the following pages from the decree or agreement. So the cover page include the other parents social security number on that page. The pages that include all the information identified in one through four above signature page with the other parents signature and date of agreement post 2008 decree or agreement. So now we're after laws change. And as the law changes, then sometimes they're going to of course be able to say well, whatever it was prior to that law change, we're going to try to keep it the same because you've already made contractual agreements based on tax law prior to that point. This is what's difficult with tax law because oftentimes you can't change it retroactively. You have to change it from one point going forward. So now we're talking post 2008 decree or agreement. So if the divorce decree or separation agreement went into effect after 2008, the non custodial parent can't include pages from the decree or agreement instead of form 8332. So they have to have a form 8332 generally. So the custodial parent must sign either form 8332 or substantially similar statement. The only purpose of which is to release the custodial parents claim to certain tax benefits for a child and to non custodial parent must include a copy with their return. The form or statement must release the custodial parents claim to the child without any conditions. For example, the release must not depend on the non custodial parent paying support. So release of certain tax benefits revoked a custodial parent who has revoked their previous release of a claim to certain tax benefits for the child must include a copy of the revocation with their return. So now they got something got mad, they got a new lawyer and the new lawyer said, what are you doing for crying out loud? So then they revoked it. So for details you could see form 8332 for that one. So exception to citizen tests. So now we saw that there was a citizen test. And again, that's another area where you could find great points that you do further research on. So if you are a U.S. citizen, a U.S. national and your adopted child lived with you all year as a member of your household, that child meets the requirement to be a U.S. citizen in step two. Question one, step three, question two, step four, question two, and step five, question two, which are all basically the same questions in our questionnaire that we talked about in a prior presentation. So exception to gross income test. So if your relative, including person who lived with you all year as a member of your household is permanently and totally disabled, defined later, certain income for service performed at a sheltered workshop may be excluded for this test. So again, we saw that there was a gross income test to some of the question points to see whether they qualify as a dependent. So you could have an exception to some of those items in certain situations. Exception to time lived with you. So we saw that we, for example, they had to live with you for half the year and whatnot. And again, you can imagine scenarios where they didn't live with you for half the year for weird things where they would have lived with you for half the year. And does that count to be allowed to have them as a dependent? Okay, let's check it out. Temporary absences by you or the other person for special circumstances such as school, vacation. So they were at school, they went on vacation, but they still would have lived with me if I didn't send them off to vacation. It's a mandatory vacation. Get that kid on vacation. Business, medical care. So they were in the hospital. They would have been home, but they were gone for medical care. Military service or detention in a juvenile facility. They were in juvie. What do you want me to do? They would have been home, but they were in juvie. Okay, so they all count as time the person lived with you. So also see children of divorced or separated parents earlier or kidnapped child later. So if the person meets all other requirements to be your qualified child but was born or died in 2023, the person is considered to have lived with you for more than half of two. So now you have a situation. You have the child, they lived with you, but you're saying more than half the year, but the child died in 2023. Well, that's going to make it harder for them to say they lived with you for more than half the year. Do you have to carry the ashes in your living room until you put them for part of the year? Well, no. So that circumstance, what do we have to do? Well, so if the person meets all the requirements to your qualified child but was born or died in 2023, the person is considered to have lived with you for more than half of 2023. If your home was this person's home for more than half the time the person was alive, which makes sense, right? So now they were alive half the year and so they lived with you more than half the time of the time they were alive. Okay, so if the person meets all the other requirements to be your qualified child but you adopted the person in 2023, the person was lawfully placed with you for legal adoption by you in 2023 or the person was an eligible foster child placed with you during 2023, the person is considered to have lived with you for more than half of 2023 if your main home was this person's main home for more than half the time since the person was adopted or placed with you in 2023. Any other person is considered to have lived with you for all of 2023 if the person was born or died in 2023 and your home was this person's home for the entire time the person was alive in 2023 or if you adopted the person in 2023, the person was lawfully placed with you for legal adoption by you in 2023 or the person was an eligible foster child placed with you during 2023 and your main home was the person's main home for the entire time since the person was adopted or placed with you in 2023. Okay, foster child. So a foster child is any child placed with you by an authorized placement agency or a judgment decree or other order of any court of competent jurisdiction so they have the right to be able to do that. So kidnapped child. So if your child is presumed by law enforcement authorities to have been kidnapped by someone who isn't a family member you may be able to take the child into account in determining your eligibility for head of household or qualifying surviving spouse filing status. Now hopefully this would be a tragic situation but from a tax perspective the kid was kidnapped so then again you could have significant impacts if you were to claim the child or not which could include moving from single status to head of household so what do you do about that and so on. So child into account and determine your eligibility for head of household or qualifying survivor spouse filing status the child tax credit again that's the other big one the credit for other dependents if they didn't qualify for the child tax credit the earned income tax credit could have a big significance if you have a child for that one for details you could see publication 501, publication 596 for the earned income tax credit. So married person if the person is married and files a joint return you can't claim that person as your dependent why because they're married if they're married you would think they're on their own at that point in time however there might be exceptions to that situation so however if the person is married but doesn't file a joint return or files a joint return only to claim a refund of withheld income tax or estimated tax paid you may be able to claim that person as a dependent so they're married but if they weren't married you would generally be able to claim them as a dependent they're still in essence dependent upon you is the scenario but they and they wouldn't even have filed a return but they did a little bit of work last year and they got W-2 income the employer withheld income from the W-2 income and the only way for them to get that money back was to file a return and that's the only reason they filed then maybe you still could claim them as a dependent even though they're married and file a married filing joint return so unusual situation but if that applies you can see publication 501 for details and examples and that case go to step 2 question 3 for qualifying child or step 4 question 4 for qualifying relative alright multiple support agreements so if no one person contributed to over half the support of your relative so now you've got this kid there's usually a support test where one person has to give more than half the support for the kid to qualify but now you've got multiple people that are supporting this kid and that means that none of them are meeting the support test because instead of having just like one person supporting them or one tax entity you've got multiple tax entities none of which provide more than half the support well you can't just lose the benefits from the credit from the kid what good is the kid if no one gets any tax benefit from them someone's got to get it in that situation so what do you do so if no one person contributed over half of the support of your relative or a person who lived with you all year as a member of your household but you and another person's provided more than half of your relative support special rules may apply that would treat you as having provided over half of the support okay someone's got to be able to claim this person right for details on that you can see publication 501 permanently and totally disabled a person who is permanently and totally disabled if at any time during 2023 that person can't engage in any substantial gainful activity meaning they can't work generally because of physical or mental condition and a doctor has determined that this condition has lasted or can be expected to last continuously for at least a year or can be expected to lead to death that's what permanently and totally disabled what is so we saw that that condition was for example in one of the age tests for a qualifying child so again you have to get into the details what exactly does that mean right because so public assistance payments if you receive payments under the temporary assistance for needy families the TANF program or other public assistance program you used the money to support another person in that case you can see publication 501 alright qualifying child of more than one person so now you've got this child where usually you go through that questionnaire only one person would qualify but now you've got a child that could potentially qualify for more than one person you can't put the same child on multiple returns only one person gets the tax benefit of that kid so we've got to say who's going to who's going to get it so even if a child meets the conditions to be the qualifying child of more than one person only one person can claim the child as a qualifying child for all the following tax benefits unless the special rule for children of divorced or separated parents describe earlier applies so you've got the child tax credit and credit for other dependents line 19 and the additional child tax credit you can't have two people claiming those credits for one social security number for one kid right that kid you know the kid only has so many virtues right which are tax benefit virtues so you can't like so head of household you can't have two people go and say from single to head of household changing their and upgrading their filing status based on a dependent which is the same dependent credit for child and dependent care expenses so we haven't talked about that credit yet but if you have child and dependent care you can't have those on two tax returns and so exclusion for dependent care benefits that's form 2441 part 3 and the earned income credit which we'll talk about later largely dependent upon the number of dependents you can't be claiming multiple dependents to get this refundable credit which is quite substantial that's based largely on the number of dependents you can't have that same dependence on multiple returns or things would get crazy so no other person can take any of the five tax benefits just listed based on the qualifying child so if no other person can take any of the five tax benefits just listed on the qualifying child if you and any other person claim the child as a qualifying child the following rules apply for purposes of these rules the term quote parent end quote means a biological or adoptive parent of an individual it doesn't include a step parent or foster parent unless that person has adopted the individual so if only one of the persons is the child's parent the child is treated as the qualifying child of the parent that would seem somewhat logical in that case so if the parents file a joint return together and can claim the child as a qualifying child the child as treated as the qualifying child of the parents so obviously if the parents are married then they would be on the filing joint return you would think if the parents don't file a joint return together but both parents claim the child as a qualifying child the IRS will cheat the child as the qualifying child of the parent with whom the child lived for the longer period of time so that's the tie breaking factor if you find yourself in this situation typically two people saying this child qualifies for them you've got joint custody situation both of them are wanting to claim the taxes if you both put the social security number on your returns the IRS will most likely question those returns and then you're gonna have to log in the number of days and say this kid lived with me longer than that deadbeat over there and then you could and then you could go from there and try to figure it out but again it would be nice to have that figured out before that point in time also realize that if you file a tax return whoever files first the tax return might go through more likely because the social security number has not yet been recognized the second person to try to claim the child might get a kickback of the return from the e-filing status the IRS claiming that it's already been claimed in which case you might say well yeah but they claimed it incorrectly so you might then try to paper file the return so that you make your claim legitimately which could delay the refund and again gets you into this kind of battle which again could delay refunds and usually benefits lawyers so if the child lived with each parent for the same amount of time the IRS will treat the child as the qualified child of the parent who had the higher adjusted gross income AGI everything else equal AGI for the higher person is the tiebreaker why because that's probably the person who is providing the support for the child in terms of financial support at least so if no parent can claim the child as a qualified child the child is treated as the qualified child of the person who had the highest AGI adjusted gross income for 2023 same rationale if a parent can claim the child as a qualified child but no parent does so so claim the child the child is treated as the qualified child of the person who had the highest AGI for 2023 but only if that parent's AGI is higher than the highest AGI of any parent of the child who can claim the child alright example this would be helpful your child J meets the conditions to be a qualified child for both you and your parent J doesn't meet the conditions to be a qualified child of any other person including J's other parent so under the rules just described you can claim J as a qualified child for all of the five tax benefits just listed for which you otherwise qualify for your parents can't claim any of those five tax benefits based on J however if your parents AGI is higher than yours and you do not claim J as a qualified child J is the qualified child of your parent ok so let me see if I can break this down a bit we've got J here is the child it's between you the parent and your parents right and the other spouse we're saying is out of the picture because the kid J doesn't qualify for the other parent so it's between you and your parents now obviously if you want to claim the child then you would think that it would go to you because you're the parent however you can imagine a situation where maybe it would be more beneficial that your parents would claim the child since he also qualifies under them as well so if you don't claim the child as a dependent that would be no one has claimed the child as a dependent and your parents then since they still qualify and you didn't take the qualification as the first one to be able to possibly they can take the child as a dependent as you can imagine from tax planning standpoint there could be scenarios where that might be the most beneficial thing to happen so for more details on something like that you can look at examples you can see publication 501 if you have those kind of complex examples and you want to do some possible maybe there's some ability for some tax planning in there as well ok


Hello everyone, Dylan Schumacher, Sibdel Defense, and we're back with another edition of American Minuteman gear. And today's piece of gear is the antenna kit. I built this kit to build field expedient antennas. You know, we kind of do have a love-hate relationship with radios, and there are times when you might need to use a radio to message a long way beyond what your Handheld can potentially do just on its own. So this allows you to build a field expedient antenna such as a jungle antenna and Rig that up so that you can then you know reach those longer distances or set something up in the event after a natural disaster Or whatever any time you would want to build a field expedient antenna for whatever it is that you're doing This is the kit that you can build fairly cheap honestly on your own So I'll have some links down to Amazon below and let's go through it and see what we got Okay, all in the kit is pretty simple This is just some kind of canvas like bag that I just labeled which I'm sure you can probably read here, right? I just labeled antenna kit so I know what it is And everything fits inside this this bag here, and this is probably about I don't know four or five inches by like nine Or ten inches so it fits inside a rock pretty well, which is nice because you know again It needs to be transportable right so we have the bag I have two cobra heads which are used for building the antenna You'll need one But I have two in here because they came in a packet to and I don't have two antenna kits yet So they both go in here also, you know that way if you lose one one breaks, whatever I have a small thing of paracord and some zip ties this I just had lying around from somewhere I don't know where this came from and zip ties and this is for assembling or tying together sticks like on a jungle antenna You know you build a triangle base if you don't know what I'm talking about Don't worry. We're gonna do a video on a jungle antenna and I might have already posted it by time this comes out but This is just for zip tying the base of sticks together or if for whatever reason that didn't work I have some extra paracord to be able to do that the thing I don't have in here is paracord in order to hoist a Antenna up into a tree because I always carry paracord on me separately just like a hank of 50 feet So that's what that would be used for. I don't need to double up on that in here But bunch of zip ties to put sticks together Some paracord if that doesn't work and it looks like I already lost it But I did have in here a credit card with some tape wrapped around it in case we need to put some tape on it Right, so that's an easy cheap way to keep cheap way to carry tape so that You know we have it in the kit and it fits in there and like I said already lost that it looks like so I'm gonna have to replace that This is the wire that's used to build the antenna. This is just cheap aluminum wire. It's bare It's not coated so you know anything it touches will contact And I just chose this because it's the most affordable option and it's disposable And I don't really care if I never see it again.  Just a bunch of plastic that will act as that you don't need to buy insulators You could but I just again just use a plastic bag that I carry with me and Realistically, you could probably find some kind of field expedient insulator So you don't necessarily need to carry some I just do because I thought it weighs nothing and it's easy Tape measure this is just a fold-over like cloth tape measure and I just put a Ranger band on it to hold it all together But this of course to measure out the length of my antenna now this goes to like 10 feet I don't think I'll need that but You know, I don't want to I could just trim this to like, you know 36 inches or something like that if I really wanted to really be minute about weight But I didn't I just went with this so that's what I got and then lastly. Lastly, this is a Coax cable with a BNC connector so that I can plug one end into my antenna And then I can plug another end into my cobra head and then this attaches to the wire and then we're set to go So all in pretty simple. Oh lastly calculator because you need to calculate You know your formulas to cut the wire to the correct length, right to cut the wire We're just gonna use our multi-tool because you carry that anyway So this is just the extra pieces that are needed in order to build that field expedient antenna If your team uses radios or plans to use radios to communicate with other groups or are trying to reach across greater distances Then I think it's probably a good idea that one guy in your crew Has an antenna kit and then we know how to use it Which like I said, we'll cover in a different video And I know I said this before but I will have an affiliate link down below into Amazon to get some of these Items to put into your kit if this is something you so desired to desire to build Hope that's helpful. Hope that gives you some thoughts do brave deeds and endure


Thanks, everyone. Thanks for joining. My name is Jeffrey. I work for the OpenEBS project and as it was already mentioned I was a little bit Aferical at this stage because you know I was working on something and finally work So I you know submitted this title to at a call for papers at FOSTA and we'll see if we can actually achieve that Hopefully I can show to you a little bit later today But to my defense storage is not deterministic, right? Sometimes it has Audities there so a little bit of a recap so open EBS last year. I was here actually I forgot to turn on the mic So I hope this year is better touch briefly a little bit on how the sand and as Infrastructure came to be and mostly to set the context around this concept that we came up with in its container attached storage and and what it actually is and what the purpose is and Today we'll talk a little bit more about the progress we've made and our maiden voyage with rust which was a very exciting journey and We'll go over of the concepts that we've implemented why we've implemented them and why I I personally believe that they make sense As I mentioned a quick demo and if you hear something today that excites you and you would actually Would like to join on the project. It's open source obviously, but we're also hiring so a Little bit about open EBS. It's an open source project started roughly two years ago It's sponsored by my employee Maya data. So I'm actually paid to work on this And the idea is is that we want to provide a a cloud native abstraction For cloud native workloads in particular for persistent volumes, right? So how do you do these persistent volumes in the system that's orchestrated in the cloud in Kubernetes in particular? so as mentioned it's built on Kubernetes and One thing that Kubernetes has proven over time. I suppose is that it provides Through the abstractions It allows the developer to actually focus on deploying the application and not so much worry about the underlying infrastructure So we inspired to do basically what Kubernetes does for apps. We try to do for storage in in a meaningful way So to give a little bit A vision about how we see this all happening So imagine that you have several cloud vendors could be on-prem could be different type of vendors You all run through Kubernetes and what we want to build and what we want to provide is this Declarative data plane that allows you to abstract away the differences between them not just from a configuration aspect But also from a data plane aspect, right? And we'll go over how we do that because obviously that's non-trivial So based on that we we we capture a lot of information and the idea is then based on the information we provide various technologies that give you some insight visibility advice in terms of How you should move your data and things like that policies and what have you so the motivation that This project has to begin with is okay So why are we doing that and one of the things that we we saw is that applications have changed and somebody forgot to tell Storage and what I mean with that is if you look at cloud native applications these days they They have the scalability batteries and availability batteries included, right? So if you look at these new type of applications, they are built with with failure in mind, right? Across nodes across DCs across regions and even cloud providers Similarly for performance they all kind of have this native scalability through ha proxy envoy or what have you so that leaves some room let's say for Rethinking how you can do certain things in storage because not everything is tied to this You know storage system and then if the storage system goes out everybody has a problem The other aspect is that the people a very important aspect the DevOps persona and they need to deliver fast and frequently I just had a Hilarious laugh last night because there was a very interesting video on on on Twitter about fast and frequently But that's besides the point that the point here is is that these applications are born into the cloud So they adopt these cloud native patterns and now they want to move it back on-prem because you know They need to actually take it in production and that's when the problems start to come right because those abstractions that are true in The cloud are not necessarily true in their own environment Another important aspect is hardware hardware trends enforce a change in the way that we do things will go over those As well, but you can see these trends, you know propagate in all areas, right? So in the languages that we use we have the concurrency primitives build in and what I mean with that in particular Example is is go. Let's say where you just go whatever and you don't need to create p-threads or whatever You just it's locked into the language. There are even Languages that are even higher than that cloud native languages like metaparticle ballerina where you just you know provide Basically describe the communication between these individual components and there's that I'm so the hardware And then obviously Kubernetes as a universal control plane to deploy these things But the interesting thing is very recently and this is a fuel a lot of the work that I've been doing the last couple of months Is that the if you're not going to the cloud the cloud will come for you and what I mean with that is that you can actually It's not publicly available yet But things like GKE on-prem where you get the GKE look and feel On-prem and the same goes for Amazon outposts. So people can actually buy point solutions from Google and Amazon To run these type of applications as they were As they did in the cloud. And the other thing is is that Kubernetes is starting to move towards also managing VMs, right? We can argue if that's a good thing But the the other side is that we we see different type of VMs There was a talk yesterday Rust VMM Which is a perfect example where we basically stripped down the hypervisor to the bare minimum just to get the isolation features Such that we can run containers in production safely because security is still not a very good solve problem in this space. So PV's and PVC's in a nutshell There was a talk before this around CSI and all that so I'll just you'll just go over this but I basically You know sum it up as a PV is a mountable thing that you register to your cluster Then you have a PVC which which you claim this mountable thing in your cluster and you need to reference it in your application and then There are some some some other things around that in terms of dynamic provisioning So you do not have to register all these things manually because that would be a tedious task And that's a good thing But it also has some implications because your storage is like the mother of all snowflakes. It's very special It's very purposely built and they have all kinds of limitations in various dimensions that you need to consider when you're actually running Kubernetes on top of your storage system But it is a lot better and then you have the the CSI interface container storage native interface that basically Hides the the the vendor specific implementation of actually mounting the volumes and propagating the mount points into your containers So how does this look in YAML? How does this look in YAML? So this is something that you probably should not do because what I'm doing here is I'm mounting the local mount Point of a of a node into the container spec And as I mentioned you really shouldn't do this unless you really really know what you're doing because the problem Is is when the workload moves away your data is gone, right? And that seems like like a no-brainer. Well, just don't delete the data But the point is that your data needs to need to move needs to move with your application, right? so the canonical way of doing that then is through PV's and PVC's and and Unfortunately, it's a little bit more YAML. Um, and so you basically first create this persistent volume And while I don't go over the details here and what all those fields mean that they're they're described on the documentation Website of Kubernetes itself and then you create the claim, right? So now I have a claim on this volume and the final piece then is that I need to actually refer to that claim within my application So that's a that's a whole lot of YAML for a simple mount command But you know it is what it is. It's the cost of abstraction I suppose but it does make sense if you run this at scale and Just for a single container you're like well man, that's way too much but at scale it actually makes sense So I think that the picture says more than a thousand words So so you know imagine you have a two-note system You have your PVC that is somewhere on a storage system It's not important right now and then you have your pod and then you need to mount this thing And this is what CSI helps for you It does it automatically in the sense that it first connects it to the right host where your workload is and it knows this because it Works together with Kubernetes to figure that out and then this this final piece Let's say that the the blinking arrow is the actual mount propagation because you know it's containers namespaces So we actually need to do some additional work And then the trick is obviously when when the pot moves then we need to do the same dance again And there is an actual certain order in this right you cannot start the app before the PV is there So did it you know it sounds trivial, but you know there's a little bit more to it than you know Then meets the eye in general So the other thing is is that I don't know if you saw it blink it should have blinked But the PVC it becomes a very important thing here right because as I mentioned It doesn't work without it for sure, but you also need to manage that data. How do you do that? Right? so that's some of the things that we have looked into and So you know is the problem solved with this PV PVC abstraction and I can just plug in any storage system in there and You know be happy, but There are some more things to it than that or at least we believe and that is how does a developer compose volume specific to its needs So what I mean with that is that if you for example run MongoDB and you're using sharding You don't need all these fancy features on your storage And in fact they might actually get in the way if your storage system has a fixed Endpoint where it replicates to it basically nails you down to either that storage system or that storage system and Thus in the network and all these type of things so you want some flexibility in certain cases, maybe not all The other thing is how do you unify the differences between the storage subsystems that you might have so if you have DC1 you have a Vendor a DC2 you have vendor B Okay, now I want to have a PV and I want to replicate this stuff How do I actually do that and these vendors go out of their way to make that? You know as incompatible as possible right so that's that's the thing that you need to consider as well So what can we do to actually make that a little bit better? And the other thing is is when you when you when you go into Amazon or GKE or whatever and whatever you like it or not What is kind of easy? You don't have to worry about anything right? You just create a volume It's there you use it you write it and something crashes and sure enough there is your volume again So this this this expectation in terms of how people use it how they operate with it That is something that we would like to bring to you know on-prem situations or cloud independent at least so The gist of it is make your storage as agile as the key applications that they serve now there is a Snake in the grass for lack of a better word And that is if you as you create all these pvs on your storage systems What you end up with depending on your storage system is this thing called data gravity and Whenever whatever your storage system is this happens by definition right and you can look up the term on the internet There are a lot of articles talking about this But everything evolves around your storage system and the more data you store the more application become dependent on that data So it's like you know this never-ending loop So how can you break out of that data gravity aspect and why would you actually want to do that? And one of the reasons is that all these storage systems they have limits They have limits in terms of latency throughput the IO blender type like thing and if it collapses the whole universe is gone Or at least that solar system so The other thing is the dimensions as I mentioned already those volumes typically have a limit in the terms of numbers How many you can create and so a typical solution is you know, let's replicate the Sun to another dimension and you know You could argue okay, so that works and it works way because we've been doing that for many many years But you know it might actually make the problem worse So and when you talk to Picard about that he's not really happy because he believes that you know Fighting the Borg and the Borg is a reference to Kubernetes, which is the original paper which you I would suggest you read So therefore there's some Star Trek here. Anyway, so the open EBS approach we we we thought about this We all have a storage background. So we're not like new to this But we didn't feel like okay, let's build another Distributed system that's even better than all the other distributed systems out there, right? So we really try to look into what is the problem that we're trying to solve and one of the things is that Instead of having these dynamic distributed algorithms Dynamically figure out or calculate where the data should go. We actually allow data placement to be defined in animal and Again, we can do this because Kubernetes is here, which has topology awareness and all these type of things The other thing is we want to have it composable just like you compose your containers We would like be able for you to compose your volume and in turn aren't certain features are off that you don't need and As you decompose those monolithic apps certain things become possible Because we're dealing with volumes that are 20 gig or 200 gig in size and not with petabytes of volumes that I need to replicate So the the inertia, you know decreases a lot on runs in containers For containers and therefore in user space and the primary reason for this is is that if you look at these different cloud vendors they all have their own operating systems, right and You cannot just load a kernel module in them because a it's not available and b if you would do that They would actually not support you when you have an issue. So Doing this in user space seemed to be the most logical approach here Which is which requires a certain amount of of of tricks to make it perform Which will go over as well. So instead of having a big Sun. We have a lot of stars and you know in Picard makes that you know thinks that's a lot better. So we try to do this So to give you a little bit of okay, so whatever man, what does it mean, right?  That could be one of the Things that you would need to do so Like I mentioned the replication between the vendors is not efficiently Or maybe it's not even possible at all so you could you know spin up your container and configure our sink and then say where it Needs to go and you know, but that's all very static. It's not very dynamic. So that probably isn't very good thing So what what we allow you to do is you can abstract away the differences between them And we can insert ourselves within the data plane and do that for you And you just specify what you want by declarative intent through YAML and I'm so How does this look so you have your PV then you have your container attached storage system? And then you have the box one the box to the box three and this could be you know any box This is actually a reference to the comedy show Silicon Valley. I don't know if you've seen it It's quite entertaining on but we basically you know as you put the IO in there We just you know fan it out through the three different subsystems And what is important to note here is that the container the cast container does the logging in and you know The actual replication so it talks all these protocols to do the work for you So you don't have to do all that work for yourself You open APO open EBS operator, which is not shown here Obviously place a crucial role in making this all possible It actually consumes the specific YAML components that you impose upon it when you create the PV and the PVC So another example So let's imagine that you have similar situation But now you have different protocols and these protocols can be the underlying protocols as well as the protocols at top So what I mean with that is is that you're running on host a and it has a NV me Cart with RDMA and now it moves to host B, but it has no NV me So how do I switch dynamically between NV me and ice-cazi? Let's say right At the at the other end and I'll explain this a little bit better later at the other end You have the same problem. So you might connect to a local device That's physically locally in the machine or an ice-cazi device or a network block device, right? So abstracting away these differences is is key here or at least we think it's key So to give an example again So asymmetrical back ends that's where that comes from because all these different protocols have different envelopes in the way that they perform so you have this This problem then let's say where you want to get rid of this NBD device because it's slower than ice-cazi and therefore it You know it dictates performance depending on the replication model. So async I think speaks for itself semi-sync is basically where you say, okay I want the two ice-cazi luns to acknowledge and then a lot of the the third replica You can do that a little bit later between a certain amount of rules and sink I think that also speaks for itself. So imagine that you want to attach this new ice-cazi lun And then you basically want to rebuild or hydrate they call it hydrate in the cloud native world probably sounds a little bit cooler than mirroring and then once the once the Hydration or mirroring is complete. It basically becomes a full replica of this whole set And then you can just phase out the the existing NBD volume and there you go You're nice cozy and this is not just this is a little bit of contrived example, obviously But there are actual data migration paths that you need to do in data centers because your storage system have storage systems have a Particularly lifespan attached to them, right there. They only operate for let's say three years So you need to do this anyway, right? And it's always been a big problem in general to do so a little bit about this Rebuilding so these as I mentioned those volumes are relatively small, right? So although small you don't want to rebuild stuff that doesn't require rebuilding so unused blocks You don't want to rebuild and and the seftalk actually mentioned this as well And that is to keep a bitmap, right? So these these are not new things man. This has been People have been doing this for years, right? So I'm not going to pretend that I've invented the light here I'm just reapplying what has been there and the cool thing is is that I actually have to do it on a far smaller Size right and so bitmaps and keep track of dirty segments the segments Represent a region on the disc and then you only copy the dirty segments off the disc to the other one There is some some things that you need to do because while you're rebuilding another dirty segment gets created But again, these things are not rocket science. We've been doing that for for many years on so small So if you look at if you look up Google Bonnwick space maps You'll you'll see what I mean was small because the space maps are a Way that Z of s which you've probably heard of it can do petabytes because if you have a bitmap for petabytes the bitmap Is huge right so but in our case the bitmap is small, right? So that's that's very key Tim provisioning snapshot clones. Obviously you want to have that. I won't be talking about that now maybe next year But as I mentioned, this is nothing new it's not all that Interesting so Composable stories. Okay. What does that mean right sounds cool? But what can I do with it? So you have these again in Kubernetes they they they they don't really talk about input output They talk about ingress egress. Okay, so whatever we'll use that and then you have your So you have your input and then you have your output which Points to a device whatever it is. We'll get to what type of devices later But then you can add these translation layers in between Based on what you need like for example compression encryption and mirroring in this particular case, right? And you know there is important here. So don't encrypt and then compress but yeah so in order to build this stuff as I mentioned we we we We we needed a language that actually allows us to accelerate a little bit. So we we opted for rust Which was a interesting journey The the thing there the unsafe actually disables optimization for the compiler. It doesn't have certain on Constructor attributes that you would be used to in C. So but it's a little bit of a sidestep here But it was quite of interesting. So let's let's look a little bit into mirror device very high level I actually had to remove a lot of code and you can't actually see the comments, which is unfortunate on but Basically, this is a structure of a mirror device based on the YAML and we actually Enumerate over the YAML let's say and then we open all those sub devices for you And then every IO goes through the child's which we which you can see Again, I've removed a lot of stuff here So At the very end here we match it the IO type if it's a read will do the read if it's a write will do the Right, but the most important thing is here. This is for OBD that stands for online block devices We basically iterate over all of them and the policy that we apply here That's what we determine before we actually go to the IO if there is an error then we basically said that it was an error on the On the IO and then in the completion handler again based on the policy will figure out if the IO failure is critical or not Or what do you just say? Okay? I had three of the replicas replied my policy says two is enough So I'll just continue So declarative what does that mean in in in YAML? kind of looks like this so you basically Define what type of volumes you want where they are if you need to Because we can actually do the temp provisioning on bigger volumes, so you only set this up once that's no problem either I'm the properties that you want so you can actually compose your storage the way that you want it So a little bit more about these protocols, right? So I have my PV and then I have my container Normally you talk to a storage system. Okay, so how do I connect right on and this was Really key because one of the things that we don't want to do is is is impose a cost that is unacceptable in terms of performance, right? Because you know at the end of the day It's all nice, but if it doesn't perform, you know, it doesn't really work so What we we do here is we we basically have a set of protocols that we support on The vert IO family is very important again for these new type-like hypervisors that you know are to strip down once They typically use vert IO to do IO very efficiently Because those kernels know how to work with virtualized IO And then we have basically the the input path and then there is the output path Which can be well, I won't say everything but a lot, right? So cluster is one of them We can just write to that or another ice-caze Elon or a local block device which we access through a IO and And so forth so and then when you construct a volume with this yaml It basically just fans out and you know could do a transformation or not, right? Okay, so let's talk a little bit about this performance aspect of it because performance Particularly doing IO and user space. There are some challenges to that And what can we do to mitigate that and so one of the things is when you look at CPUs these days? They have these MMUs in the IO MMUs and these are very important in terms of the Misses that you can get and the impact they have on performance So a solution to that is to use huge pages and they're not actually all that huge. They're only two megs But I don't know if you can see it But the 4k pages we have 22 million misses and in the lower end we have zero misses, right? So and this is really beneficiary for for performance The other thing is is that once we start up the allocation is static, right? We we we don't need more capacity or memory as we plow through performance because we just pass the performance on Unless you do compression, but we basically allocate these things up front And so lord of the rings one of the things that as I mentioned the hardware has changed And so what can we learn from these hardware changes and how do we make sure that we? Use them optimally in the software stack So it's kind of kind of interesting to see with the with the lines that I tried to put on top of that Is that the the number of logical cores has been increasing and the frequency and Hertz basically stagnated back in? 2000 has you know at a dead stop So more cores and that means that if you want to utilize these cores you need to change your software approach to that And this is exactly also what the NVMe spec does is that they use all these type of rings and each ring refers to a Particular device and each core has its own ring so each core can talk to any NVMe device without you know Any locks in between and whatsoever? And there is some other interesting things so this is Jens. He's the you guys probably know him as the Linux kernel block maintainer He's the author of the block and Q layer. So a very smart guy and he's actually been implementing This ring approach in the AIO subsystem and you know, I've highlighted the word ring And this is just one of his bullets actually And so you can really see this pattern of submission cues and completion cues and rings come back in you know in the whole IO stack and The reason that he's working on this in particular is he wants to mitigate the specter and meltdown patches. So with this code When you do IO, you don't even go to kernel space at all, right? So you write it in a ring buffer and the kernel does the submission for you and you just pull for completion, right? So we use the same thing in container attached storage Based we're leveraging a code from from spdk there So there is this this puller which basically so we have an ice-cazy socket, right? So we're listening for ice-cazy and we're constantly reading on the socket with the read call and basically We're doing this non-blocking. So most of we do the read and you know say he would block and we just continue to the next thing And just keep spinning like a madman in order to see if there's work if there is work, however We get this whatever the job is let's say read or write or an inquiry command whatever There is a message placed into this ring, which then gets read by the reactor And this is typically a function argument one argument two But this is abstracted away in terms of IO channel So you don't actually have to send the message but you work with IO channel so to make it a little bit easier and then The there's also a management interface obviously because again pulls the same way And then there is actually the devices that you need to pull as well in terms of okay Hey, there's an interrupt or I'm ready or whatever So efficiency so people ask hey, but you're pulling constantly. What does that do for performance? So this is the same machine at the top level here. You can actually see that the The CPU idle is the right column So the more idle the better right and you can see that the load is actually divided between kernel space and user space As you would suspect with running this thing The traditional way and the thing here below is where we run completely in user space, right? And the thing that you don't see normally is that what the kernel in the background does when you actually do the IO So you would think hey, this is not efficient, but it turns out in the numbers speak for them self although very small But nonetheless, right? We have a very low Or we actually are more efficient right, but that's just not the goal to show here The goal here is is that pulling is not a problem and in fact kernels actually in the background dynamically start pulling anyway Right, you just don't know about it so This gentleman avi. He was the author of KVM. He's working on a database They use similar constructs from DPDK in their software and he sums it up pretty nicely, you know if there's no load Yeah, we're probably a little bit More inefficient, but if there's high load we are far more efficient. So the same holds true here as well So NVMe TCP has been ratified somewhere in November. So I was trying to Make that work didn't go very well as you could see but I figured it out eventually And the point here is that protocols matter. So I have this micro 1.9 terabyte NVMe SSD who on spec can do 840 k IOPS. So in this is just a huge amount of IOPS, right? I mean come on. It is just insane. But anyway So we we run the software using UIO So we basically map the PCI registers into user space and we write directly into user space into these registers And we get nine close to a nine hundred sixty thousand IOPS a second It's very likely this performance will degrade over time because that's the nature of SSDs But you know it will probably steady state around this 840 spec Then I did the same thing export that device through a network block device protocol And it could only do hundred thousand IOPS and and the problem here is that the syscall rate dominates performance here And that's due to the fact that how NBD is is is is designed right each IO is a syscall I SCSI does a better job. You can log in multiple times and and then You know you get close to five hundred thousand IOPS, but that's where it basically starts to become a problem as well So the solution to that obviously then is I SCSI over TCP or I SCSI not do I SCSI but use NVMe over TCP Rd may goes a lot faster But through Rd may you actually need special hardware need special switches and that's you know probably a big tax on your infrastructure So how can you leverage NVMe and your existing infra without throwing away all your hardware and NVMe TCP is a solution for that It's it's not, you know rock solid stable. So this is only available the RC kernels 5.0 but I did a very You know, I wouldn't say Scientific tests, but nonetheless I did a test on my laptop and just by the same device same set up same laptop Same VM or whatever just switching protocol just gave me a 30% increase and the reason for that is not because NVMe TCP is so much smarter in this sense But the reason for that is that the things that it does not have to do right? So less is more and you get that through performance because this whole block layer request the SCSI layer The HBA and all these type of things that's completely gone in the NVMe space and therefore It allows you to do some better performance. So I want to show you guys real quick how that I Hope at least I can show it real quick Yeah, okay, so Okay, this I have to okay. Anyway, so I have this tool here that If I can type So I have this tool here and I had these these these egress things, right? So I'm skipping all of that and I'm immediately writing into the the underlying layer And the reason that I do that is that I want to measure the incurred performance when you for example add encryption or when you add Encryption with compression. What does that do for performance because you need to figure out, you know, how these things behave so to give you a little bit of an example on The what's the fellow name? So, yeah, so the configuration file here Shoot, let me see if I can Okay, that's unfortunate. You can't see that, right? Okay, so Wait, maybe I should have known better not to do demos. Okay, so to the This is a Pandora device. It's a null device. So basically what it does is it grabs the out throws it on the floor Okay, what what good does that do? Well, actually the kernel has a thing similar called null block, right? And it's just it's common thing to do, right? How do you measure overhead in the block stack by having a block device that's infinitely fast, right? How do you do that? Don't do the IO. So it's a little bit of cheating and so let me actually move my Terminal back to my laptop so I can actually see what I'm doing for a sec and And Actually I'm going to I'll show you what I've done because I want to set it up real quick so that you can See that it composes several devices Out of multiple typing under pressure is never good, okay There we are so what I've done is I Yeah, so I hope it won't mind that that things hell there So I'm going to create three of these devices and then I'm going to you know at this layer of mirroring where I grabbed these three Devices and then do I out to it, right?  So how fast is it right because if this is slow? I'll never go go fast. Where's my mouse? Oh, this is I'm never going to do this again Okay, so I'm going to start the thing I have to give it the configuration file and I'm going to give it a Q depth of One because that's what devices don't like because it shows how slow they are And I need to specify a block size so we'll do this A time as well because otherwise it will just run forever And I think that's oh, yeah, what we want to do some random rights whoa and So you see some of the huge pages constructs the the mirror device based on this thing and That's a little bit over of three point five million. So three devices were mirroring and we have We're doing three and a half million. So we actually Broke that barrier and just to show you that there is obviously one last thing and then I'll be done Never mind Just Questions. Yes. Yes, sir No, I have not that's oh, sorry So you're yeah, so I did not turn on multi-con support for nbd That is very true that is very true And my point was not to find the absolute numbers of ice cuz he versus nbd what I wanted to show was that there is a Difference between the protocol that you select what the performance envelope is Yeah Any other questions? Okay. Well, thank you very much and Next time. Thank you


Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever. Jesus still heals the sick. Jesus still performs miracles. What you're about to watch are healing testimonies of miracles that took place in Orlando, Florida at an event that we hosted in that region. Now, as you experience this service, the anointing is still flowing. That tangible manifested touch of the Holy Spirit's power is still flowing. So, believe for your healing miracle as you watch the power of the Holy Spirit at work from Orlando, Florida. Worship him now, church. The healer is here tonight, making you whole, making you whole. Reach out and touch the hem of his garment. Lift your hands and sing it again. This presence here tonight. Jesus, we love you, we adore you. Ah, the name of Jesus, Sickness, Hospital. Do before, I want you to check your body right now. Start moving, start moving, start moving.  Check for the tumor, check for the skin disease, check for the pain, check your eyes, check your ears. Miracles have taken place and as you check in faith, you're going to find that the miracle is done. Lift your voices and sing it again. Virtue just went through this room, so what I want you to do, I'm not just saying that for fun, test yourself. I've had so many people say I didn't test myself because I didn't think it would happen for me and then as they were leaving and when they got in the car they found out they were healed. Check your body in faith right now, it's a step of faith and you're going to find the tumor is gone. You're going to find the skin cleared up.  God is a miracle working God. Now watch this. If you believe God's power just moved through this room and you sense the presence of God, just wave at me like this as we worshiped. Sergio, what happened? Diga, this is Abir. Last week she injured her knee. She even went to the emergency room, they gave her crutches. She even came in limping today and how she could describe it is she laid hands over her. Start over, tell me the story while she lies there. So she came in limping and as you said, begin to lay hands on yourself and test it out. She laid hands on her knees and she said, I can't explain what I felt. All I knew is after I laid hands it was gone. That's all she knows. Wow, what'd you feel go through you right now? This is the real deal here tonight guys, I'm telling you. This is the real deal here tonight. Isn't this beautiful? Thank you. Let her receive a double portion tonight in Jesus name. Ruben, what happened? Diga, I have Beth here. Beth had to undergo a C-section six weeks ago.  She hasn't been able to even bend over properly. And she said today she was noticing that her bones began to feel loose. And she said I was able to gain motion all over my body now. She said there's no more pain. So tell me about that moment that God healed you. I just felt, when I was worshiping, I felt like I was just being lifted up completely. Like I was literally the only person in this room. And I was spending, I was telling the guy how to open my eyes just to make sure that I was in one spot still. I've had those moments, you expect to look around and see the throne room. And so then after you sense the Lord doing this, you check your body and what did you discover? My muscles just feel completely loose. Like this morning when I tried to put my shoes on, it was an extreme task. I could barely bend down just to buckle my shoes. Now I can bend over and touch my toes. My muscles are loose. Like I just feel... There's like light over your head. Like a glory. Lift your hands and see. Lord, let her drink, drink, drink, drink, drink. Diga, I have Judith here who gained complete hearing in her left ear.  Say that again. Today Judith gained her hearing back from her left ear. She has been having this problem for 20 years now. She was struck in her left ear 20 years ago. She said ever since then the hearing has been muffled. And she said during prayers she just started noticing out of nowhere. The room just got all loud out of the sudden. She said she now hears properly out of her left ear. Can we give Jesus a mighty hand of praise?  In fact, I stood for the Lord's healing of my sister who has cancer. I was praying for my sister and suddenly... You know that happens so often where people are praying for other people. And in praying for other people, they suddenly experience their own healing miracle. And that's what's happening here. You were just so focused on praying for your sister. And then that healing miracle manifested in you. And so tell me, you're worshiping and then suddenly what? Now the sound is so very, very loud, you know? Because normally I hear it than normal because with my right ear, but my left ear... I want you to cover your good ear. Cover your, what was your good ear? Hold this. Jesus is Lord. I am healed. Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today and forever. He's our resurrected Lord. Now let's believe for your healing. This can very well be your miracle moment. I want you to stretch your hands toward mine. And let's believe for the power of the Holy Spirit to begin to flow right now. And touch you right in the area of your need. Father in the name of Jesus, I thank you for the healing power that is now flowing. Lord, we come against sickness and disease in the mighty name of Jesus. We thank you, Father, that you are able to do exceedingly, abundantly above all we could ask or even imagine. And I pray, Lord, that as this power is flowing, you would give your people the faith to receive. Release this healing virtue now in the mighty name of Jesus. Lord, you're able to heal sickness and disease of all kinds. For your word declares you forgive all our sins and heal all our diseases. I pray they receive that now in the name of Jesus, the one and only healer. We give you the glory and the praise for every miracle taking place right in the name of Jesus. Again, we pray, say it because you believe it. Say amen. Now if the Lord touched your body and you believe you've been healed, go ahead and leave your testimony in the comment section right now. And if you would like to attend one of these healing services, we host them all around the world. This is one of the main things our ministry does. We host healing services all around the world and they are 100% free to attend. So if you want to keep up with our ministry calendar, just go to DavidHernanIsMinistries.com slash events. Again, 100% free. Jesus did not charge to heal the sick. Neither do we. So come and believe for your healing miracle. Also bring your unsaved loved ones because the gospel message of salvation is preached. These services include worship, the word, healing, deliverance and empowerment. So join us for one of these. Again, DavidHernanIsMinistries.com slash events. I hope to see you there and until next time. Nothing is impossible with God.


Even with the holidays, as we draw nearer, it's beginning to get cold as well. So, just remember the basic rules. It's always good to use your conventional heater, but also always get it serviced.  Check the filters, check the belts, and make sure everything is properly working. But I know sometimes people want to use alternative heaters, such as fireplaces, space heaters, kerosene heaters. Always, if you're going to use a fireplace, make sure that you get it checked out by a rep of a chimney street person. Make sure that you have it clean before you start to use it. Make sure that you've got some type of matting over it, so for any kind of image that may pop onto the floor. And make sure, especially when you're using kerosene heaters, three things. You not only got the heat, but you got the gases, and you're dealing with flounder liquids. So, make sure you have proper ventilation when you're using any type of kerosene heater. Sometimes people ask me, you know, what is the safest heater to use? Well, all are going to be safe if you just use excessive safety precautions and just making sure that, again, keeping three feet from anything they can burn. Make sure they sit on a flat surface. Do not put your space heaters or something that is on top of furniture, on top of tables or chairs. That is the best disaster. And again, same thing. Make sure that you keep it a no-play zone from children and from pets. My wish to all the citizens out there is that you have a very happy and prosperous holidays and just a safe holidays. We want to talk with you and out about you.


I'm gonna need you to mark your calendars for July 11th through the 14th, 2024, because you're gonna be traveling to a random city in the Bay Area for a film festival called Brave Maker Film Festival. The film festival was created by Tony Gapstone, who is a writer, director, actor. He just does so many things. He even teaches screenwriting and acting through Brave Maker, which is a non-profit. And it was a three and a half day film festival full of parties, workshops, panels, film screenings, of course. I was able to attend two and a half days of this film festival and I ended up purchasing a VIP ticket because lately I've just, if the ticket isn't that crazy out of my budget, I've been getting a VIP ticket and I have to say I have not regretted it yet. I'm sure one day I will regret some ticket that I buy for too much money. It was only $150 for all of these events. I got like two and a half packed days for $150. Otherwise, each event would have been zero. Some things were free to $20. I made it a little late to day one, but I was able to do the free screening outdoors. And then after that, we headed over to the hub and it was a big party to start off the film festival, drinks, food, lots of music, and basically just talking to everybody. There were all kinds of people there, filmmakers, actors, people just coming to the festival to watch amazing films. There's Tony, but it was a really, really chill vibe. So if you want to know what that party is like, at least this year, it was pretty chill. Then on to day two, which was absolutely packed. After a quick VIP breakfast with filmmakers, I went into a workshop that was actually hosted by Tristan Shuler, who I met the day before in the opening party. He is so intelligent and kind and passionate about writing for TV. I am not necessarily interested in transitioning from acting to being a filmmaker behind the camera, but I wanted to attend as many of these workshops as possible so I can learn more about the process behind the camera and also of course get to know filmmakers, writers, creatives. It was just so cool to learn about how somebody who actually writes for TV pitches up because Tristan is a TV writer and he also works for road map writers, which helps writers get their scripts read and then eventually end up on TV.  Like the hosts of the workshops and the panels, the professionals that were there, were very often just hanging out in all of the events because this event is relatively small, I think. It's like a few hundred people. I feel like people aren't afraid to just hang out. They're not gonna be bombarded by lines of people wanting to talk to them. So it was pretty easy to just go up to the filmmakers and get a conversation started. Then a quick walk over to have complimentary Indian food, which was so good. And we got to watch three super inspirational short films and got to talk to, of course, the filmmakers. And after I actually got interviewed by the Ubuntu team about the film. Walking over to the History Museum because there's an industry panel happening in this gorgeous, gorgeous building. The entertainment panel was super diverse and friendly, like the energy there was so good.  And you can really tell that he is that because he's attracting so many people like that. And this industry panel is just like, they were just so honest and open for questions and to give like their honest thoughts to us. After that panel, I noticed that one of my actor friends who I worked on a commercial with years ago, maybe more than five years ago, we worked on a commercial together and then I was like, hey, we have a little break, wanna go get dinner. So we went and got dinner and we just caught up. And we started talking about this agency in Utah and how there's like work in Utah for actors. So I actually submitted to an agency in Utah because of this conversation, because of reconnecting with this actor friend. I really, really wanted to go see Tony's workshop creating a feature film, but also I wanted to go see a short film called The First X. Often in the film festival, just as in so many festivals, there's two or three things happening at once. So I snuck in to watch a short film called First X and then the next film after that was Spotlight, which I had already seen the first night. So then after that, I ran and went to Tony's workshop.  And it was fun to just hear about his crazy budget. I think his location budget was like $600 or something. Tony is the epitome, I feel like, of an indie filmmaker because he's always making stuff. He has like stuff on deck, writing stuff. Now a screening in the actual theater called Late Night Braves. Since I got a VIP ticket, I got invited to the after-party and it was super intimate because there were basically volunteers for the event and then filmmakers, panelists.  I was there from 9.30 until 1.45. I was just on Instagram and Tony was live. It's 8.47 a.m. and Tony is already in the hub and I'm like, what am I still doing in that? I need to get ready and go. The first screening is at 10, but there's a workshop at 10.45 that I'd rather go to the workshop just for this particular thing because I would love to see the screening of the film, but my point of view is that I can potentially find that film, that link, where I can necessarily go to this workshop again. So I'm gonna get out of bed and I'm gonna get over there as soon as possible. Day three started with a roadmap screenwriting panel and it was hosted by Tristan and some filmmakers, which I ended up talking to the filmmaker on the very left, Ali, in another workshop later in the day and we are actually talking and looking to collaborate. I went over to the library for women in the entertainment panel. I'm feeling really more welcome and I think someone mentioned the SJA. Everybody was in the festival along with yours and yours. We're trying. Informative. And the presence here is probably. I'm Keena Ferguson, actor, director, writer, producer, voiceover artist, all the things. There's no better way to work structure of television than to watch it done well. I will tell myself, everybody is just a dude. I know. Another beautiful panel of just such talented women. I actually ended up staying there for an iPhone filmmaking workshop because I do film all of my YouTube videos and my self-tape auditions on my phone and I wanted to see how people actually film like full length feature films and short films on their phones. And there I actually got to work with one of the panelists from earlier from the roadmap screenwriters panel and it was Ali. She ended up being on our team and after we were all done working as a team, she got all of our numbers, everybody that was working in that film and we are looking to meet up very soon in order to collaborate. During the iPhone filmmaking workshop, it was an interactive one, which we had no idea.  No, they're like, okay, get in groups and you're going to shoot a one minute film in the next 30 minutes. You have to write it, film it, edit it and then we're gonna watch it. We did get a short prompt where we had to say, wow, we're brave. And this is a one minute film that we were able to shoot and edit during those 30 minutes. Man, we're so brave. Now back to the theater for the Brave Maker shorts. These shorts were the ones filmed in the Brave Maker Academy, which is an acting class. You of course get to learn about acting but at the end of it, they actually write a short specifically for the actors in the class and they film it. It was really cool to see those acting students up there talking about that whole process. I had the quickest dinner and then went to Bathings Happen in Philadelphia screening, which was incredible. And there were other films screening then as well but Bathings Happen in Philadelphia, a documentary, it was amazing. Then there was another workshop that I really wanted to get to and it was creating a series, like, you know, like a TV series, web series. And it was with Sean McCarthy. He created Dusha Holig's that you can see on Amazon. It's really funny. I highly recommend watching it, especially because it's like an incredible Bay Area series. There's so much talent in the Bay Area. I ended up talking to him in one of the VIP after parties and I believe he's seen some of my work before because we started talking and maybe I might, you know, might get an opportunity to work with him soon. I then went to the Walk and Repeat where I had a little interview with Priscilla and I also talked to another filmmaker just waiting for the Walk and Repeat fay and she gave me her card. A lot of filmmakers gave me their card. So I ended up counting after the film festival on Instagram and cards. It was something like 27 people that gave me their contact info that were interested in potentially working together. Granted, most of them have never seen me act so they would still have to see, you know, what I work like. I definitely feel that I got my money's worth even if it's just for like the screenings and the workshops that I want to. But in addition to that, I feel like I'm gonna multiply my money because I was offered a couple of roles during the festival and I also interacted a lot with a lot of filmmakers and got conversations started. I got to talk to a lot of filmmakers and start relationships so maybe in the future we might be able to work together. It could be like we worked together in three months and it also could be that we worked together in like seven years, which I think is fine and great and beautiful. I'm just trying to give you a realistic perspective, like not by attending one film festival, are you gonna be set in your career? But this one, I really think you should attend. I'm going back. Like I said at the beginning, mark your calendars for July 11th through the 14th. No, Tony is not paying me to say this. I hope to be a part of the Brave Maker Film Festival in some capacity next year, even if it's just going again with the VIP ticket. So I'll see you there. And if you're interested in more actor related events or conferences, things like that that I've gone to, I have a whole playlist right here because I am an extrovert and I love going to things like this.


Hi and welcome to the session. I'm Kanika and I'm going to help you to solve the following question. The question says a conical tent is 10 meters high and the radius of its base is 24 meters. Fine, first part is slant height of the tent and second part is cost of the canvas required to make the tent if the cost of 1 meter square of canvas is rupees 70. Before solving this question, we should know that slant height of the coat that is L is equal to square root of h square plus r square and we should also know that curve surface area of a coat is equal to pi rL where r is the base radius and L is the slant height. The knowledge of this is the key idea in this question. Now, begin with the solution. In the first part, we have to find the slant height of the tent. Suppose this is the conical tent. It is given to us that its height that is h is equal to 10 meters radius of its base that is r is equal to 24 meters. We have learned in the key idea that slant height that is L is equal to square root of h square plus r square. We know the value of h and r so we can easily find it slant height. Substitute the value of h and r and this h is equal to 10 meters, r is equal to 24 meters. So this is equal to square root of 676 meters and this is equal to 26 meters. So slant height of the cone is 26 meters. This completes the first part. Let's now move on to the second part. In the second part, we have to find the cost of the canvas required to make the tent if the cost of 1 meter square canvas is rupees 17. Now we know that tent has only a curved surface. The floor of the tent is not covered by the canvas. So clearly area of the canvas is equal to curved surface area of cone. We have learned in the key idea that curved surface area of cone is equal to pi rL. Now here r is equal to 24 meters and from the first part we know that L is equal to 26 meters. So now by substituting the values we get 22 by 7 into 24 into 26 meters square. We are given that cost of 1 meter square of canvas is rupees 17. Therefore cost of 22 by 7 into 24 into 26 meters square of canvas is rupees 17 into 22 by 7 into 24 into 26. And this is equal to rupees 1,37,280. Hence the required answer of the first part is 26 meters and for the second part is rupees 1,37,280. So this competes the session by NJKL.