ee. So that is in your packets. Happy to take any feedback. And if you're happy with it or once you're happy with it, get it approved and we'll put it out to the public and start accepting applicants and scheduling interviews. Thanks. Thanks for your questions. Board members. I did just have one question and I meant to send this. Is the intent for this just to serve a purpose through essentially town meeting day make recommendations for town meeting day, or is the idea for this to be not active but standing on going committee. My understanding was that it would be more of a defined timeline and defined purpose. I think maybe it's something that you revisit every two years or five years. And depending on what some of the changes are, it might take more discussion than then there's time for right now in which case the committee could also could always propose certain number of changes for town meeting and then say we want to continue with these other ones. So I think around as a committee or maybe the select board makes that decision of a based on all these changes, we want to tackle six for town meeting and these other ones are more complicated to continue. So, I guess, open ended can be can be either or my thought was to have a more of a defined and might I thought of what you were looking for was to have more of a defined purpose and timeline for this group. But that can certainly be flexible. You're getting tired. No minor already in here I've already. I'm part of the right you help contribute to the. All right, what's the board's pleasure. I'll move that the select board create a charter review committee and authorized staff to advertise openings to the committee. Thank you Tracy to have a second. Okay. Thank you. Any further discussion. Hi. Hi. Hi. Close. Motion passes five zero I just realized we did not take public comment. Got a done deal though. Anybody who attended the meeting with the intent to make comments during this or are you happy with the outcome and. I don't see any hands up. Apologies for skipping past that. All right, then. In that case, let's move on to next business item next to business items are both executive sessions will come back to make those motions. At the appropriate time later. Consent agenda. Make the motion we accept the consent agenda. Thank you don't have a second. Thank you, Ethan. For the discussion. Does that include the minutes. Yes, it does. I would ask for one change for the minutes is that my name is put last after Don's name please. We typically do it alphabetical by last name. As opposed. Okay. To our madness usually. All right, any other comments. All those in favor please say aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. Okay, motion passes five zero moving on to the reading file any board member comments. Ethan, I have been following a bunch of grants and many other things and I scrolled upon it today that the agency of transportation has released the best management package grants this year. And it was very pleasing to see that the town of Essex got 72,000. $41 and 50 something cents. and just a reminder to stay on those and get applied for next year. And I was talking with Greg about another one for parking rides. There's a lot of good money out there and it's good to see. Anything else?  I wanna remind folks that if they are delinquent in their taxes, there are state programs that they can help you pay your taxes. We'd love for you to go through that process if you're in that situation and get yourself off of the delinquent tax list. So I just wanted to, maybe we should say that a few times, Kendall, over the next couple of minutes. I agree. Thank you. All right. Anything else? Okay, then. Mr. Chair, I move that this electric board make a specific finding that general public knowledge of confidential attorney, client communication is made for the purpose of providing professional legal services to the body would place the town as a substantial disadvantage. Thank you, Don. Do I have a second? Thank you, Ethan. Any further discussion? Not yet, next. Okay. All those in favor, please say aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed? A, motion passes 5-0. I move that the select board enter into the executive session to discuss confidential attorney client communications made for the purpose of providing professional legal services to the body, pursuant of one VSA 313A1F to include town manager and deputy manager and- Ryan Sheldon, please. And Ryan Sheldon. Thank you. Do I have a second? Second. Thank you, Tracy. Any- How much of the executive session? It's 0.2222. How much is 0.2222? Any further discussion? Those in favor, please say aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed? A, motion passes 5-0. Do I have another one? Going to the next one. I move that the select board make the specific finding that general public knowledge of pending or probable civil litigation to which the public body is or maybe a party would place the town at a substantial disadvantage. I can- Thank you, Don. Thank you, Tracy. Any further discussion? Those in favor, please say aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed? A, motion passes 5-0. Do we have another one? And I move that the select board enter into executive session to discuss pending or probable civil litigation to which the public body is or maybe a party to pursuant to one VSA 313A1E to include the town manager and deputy manager. Second. Thank you, Don. Thank you, Tracy. Any further discussion? We may come back to the meeting. We do- We have to do an elixir- Quickly come back to the meeting room. We don't need to keep you guys lined up. We will keep the online meeting open so that anybody can join. Don, did you read the executive session for public official appointment? We have one, we have yet another- No, I did see the two I had. I didn't have that one. Sorry. Yeah, so we have one more motion. We haven't voted on this one yet. So we will be coming back to make some final motions. So keep the online meeting open in case there's anybody who's attending there. Again, you guys don't have to hang on that long. So all those in favor, please say aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed? Okay, motion passes five zero. We have one more motion to make. Hopefully Tracy has that one because I didn't have it. I move that the select board enter into executive session to discuss the proposed public official appointment in accordance with one VSA section 313A3 to include town manager and deputy manager. Second. Okay, Tracy, thank you, Don. Any further discussion? Those in favor, please say aye. Aye. Aye. Opposed? Okay, motion passes five zero. I think that's a record five executive session motions for meeting. Thanks. Okay. All right.


Hi, good morning. I'm Herbert van der Sompel, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and I'm here with Mil van der Zander from Gent University, my alma mater, actually. We've been working on a project to create Ling Data Archive, more specifically an archive of DbP versions, and it uses a couple of interesting, well, recent technologies to make it all happen. So we're going to brief you about, you know, project results. It could be interesting, I think. I'm going to start off with a little reminder of Memento and how Memento applies to Ling Data. Then I'll talk a bit about the first generation archive that we had built already in 2010 and why that kind of didn't work out anymore, which leads us to the notion of devising affordable and useful Ling Data archives. This whole notion of well, what is affordable to the publisher and yet still of interest to a consumer of an archive. You know, it's kind of finding that balance. Then Mil will introduce two interesting technologies that fit in this discussion, triple pattern fragments and binary representations of RDF, and then we'll talk about the second generation archive that we built and Mil will then actually give a demo and he insists to do it live. I recommended him not to, but here we are. And then we'll give a couple more pointers. The slides are available in SlideShare and it's actually a more extensive version of this slide deck that is there with more pointers, what have you. So we start with Memento and Ling Data. So Memento basically is a time travel for the web. It is a straightforward extension of the HTTP protocol that introduces the notion of daytime negotiation. So basically it is about a client that gets in touch with the resource and it says, I am not interested in what you look like today. I'm interested in what you look like at some time in the past and in order to make this happen, what you see there is the original resource, that's the one that the client gets in touch with, actually points at another resource, which we call a time gate. And the time gate is a resource that knows about the past of the original resource. So it kind of has a notion of its version history. And once a client is at the time gate, then it can do content negotiation, but in the time dimension. And the time gate will redirect the client to an appropriate prior version of the original resource. So what I just explained is a bridge from the present to the past. But Memento also has the inverse. It's a bridge from the past to the present. So really, this allows one to go back and forth between the present and the past of the web browser version. Memento was introduced somewhere in 2009 and already in 2010 we understood that it was of real interest to link data, to apply Memento principles to link data. So we had this paper at the link data for the OpenWeb conference, in which we showed how to, this principle that I just explained, this time negotiation, how you could implement it for link data. And so what you see on top there is your typical link data environment with at the left-hand side what they call the non-information resource. It's a resource with the URI that represents the abstract concept, for example, of the city of Paris or so. And typically in link data implementations, from that resource, you get redirected to the resource that describes that concept. So that's called the information resource and that's where you find the representation. So since Memento is all about representations, one actually hangs the time gate link of the information resource to go to the time gate. And so once the client is there at the time gate again, it can now just negotiate for a past version of a link data description. That's basically the setup. It's the same as with the regular web. The only difference here is that one applies it to the information resource, not to the non-information resource. In that same paper, we showed the power of this capability. And what you see here is a graph that was automatically created purely by doing daytime negotiation with these resources. So the resources that were used were those representing different countries in DbPdian, and they were each negotiated for different moments in time. And out of the descriptions that came back, one attribute, one property was collected, namely gross domestic product per capita for that country. And so basically by just doing this, for different versions of DbPdian descriptions, you could make this plot. So we thought that was pretty powerful, and that's also why we decided to start promoting these concepts within the link data community. So beyond the web archiving community, but also in the link data community. And that's why we built a DbPdian archive. Basically, I'll outline a bit how we went about that. So the DbPdian dumps are available for download, so you basically download them and you upload them into an archive to make it usable. What we did in the first generation is we used MongoDB to stuff all of that in there. So basically what you have there is one blob in MongoDB per topic URI, so subject URI, like the city of Paris, again, right? And per timestamp, okay? So you have one blob and it all goes into this one archive. The upload software for that was custom. When we came to the more recent versions of DbPdian, it took us about 24 hours to upload the version because the whole index structure had to be recreated in the setup that we had done there. It took us about 400 gigabytes to store 10 versions of it. And we only loaded 10 versions because at one point basically this architecture wouldn't scale up anymore. We just couldn't add further information. So from an access, that was the storage perspective. From the access perspective, basically the current version of DbPdian provided this time gate link to our archive and then basically client was able to negotiate in time with subject URIs of DbPdian topics. So again, the city of Paris, the United States, et cetera, et cetera. So only subject URI access. And these are the kind of pages obviously also available in other serializations, RDF serializations that would come back from the archive. Looks very much to what DbPdian itself serves, only its prior versions. So the time gate software that we used for that, basically that provides access subject URI daytime, that was also custom created, access only on subject URI. And there was an integration with the current version of DbPdian by the creation of this time gate link. So the people at DbPdian actually provided that link to our archive. So as I mentioned, only subject URI access. And then because of the way we've been storing this in MongoDB, basically it was not a scalable solution. And we were not able to load version 2.9 in 2013 anymore. So the archive has basically been frozen since then. We haven't loaded 2014-2015 in this architecture. So because we're really convinced that this is a cool thing to have for the link data community, we set out to really reflect on, so how should we do this in a way that is actually sustainable for ourselves, you know, publishing this archive and also still useful for the client. This leads us to the notion of, you know, affordable and useful link data archives. So where is this balance between what is affordable for the publisher, the archive, and still useful for the customer? And I'm going to do a non-scientific evaluation of a couple of criteria. The people in Ghent actually have written papers about the stuff that I will be talking about, but we can't go into these kind of details. But I'll go over a couple of characteristics of typical solutions. For example, availability of a solution, you know, is it a highly available solution or is it complicated to run it, hence less available? What is the bandwidth required, you know, to access the solution or to provide it? What is the cost for the publisher and the consumer? And then a couple of things that relate to the functionality for the client specifically. So what is the expressiveness of the interface? Like for the previous archive that we had, it's only subject to URI access, but you could think of an archive that supports sparkle queries, right? So that's what I mean with expressiveness. Is it integrated with the linked open data cloud in general? So meaning, can I follow my nose? Can I implement memento support for it? And something that I think is very important goes back to the chart I showed you, this notion of being able to walk across time and across data sets. Can I actually implement it with this kind of a setup? So the first one, I'll do the subject URI because that's the one that we implemented. Availability rather high because you can use pretty simple technologies to implement subject URI access. We use MongoDB, probably not the smartest choice. We could have used ARC files or work files, you know, there are simpler technologies that we can use. So availability can be rather high, both for a publisher and consumer, obviously. The bandwidth required is proportional in this case to the size of a description. These things are typically not big. Your typical linked data description. The cost for a publisher in this kind of solution can be relatively low, again, because it's a simple solution. But at the consumer end, and this is where you start seeing this balance, it's high because in order for a client to really resolve a query, it has to collect an awful lot of linked data descriptions and may actually not even be able to collect them all in order to resolve its query. So it kind of really is more favorable for the publisher here than for the consumer. Interface expressiveness relates directly to what I said rather low. Load integration obviously because one moves from one URI to another just following your nose. Memento support possible because we did it. And again, same thing, cross time and data. You can do it because you're just following your nose from one data set to another or from one timeframe to another. So it's totally positive. The verdict on this clearly not too expensive from a publication perspective, but not very high functionality at all for your client. If you step over to another typical way of publishing linked data, which is by means of dumps. So as I mentioned, DBPD is available as a data dump also. Now this is of course from the publisher perspective extremely cheap, extremely high availability. You just put the file out there, right? And people have to come and download it. From the perspective of the consumer, of course, also high availability. But now, you know, the cost for your client is really high because it needs to get this entire data set which if you're going to work with DBPD, for example, that's very significant, right? You have to download it, store it in a querable environment. So you're looking at significant cost. In a dump, obviously you have no linked data support. This is just a dump. You cannot implement Memento. And when you want to do cross time and cross data, well, basically you need to download all these different data sets in order to be able to traverse them in your local environment. So this is not a very favorable. It's very cheap, of course, from the perspective of the publisher, but not very useful for a client in my opinion. Could be, you know, for an archive, maybe it's an okay approach, but still maybe we can do better than this. Then of course, Sparkle is another way that, you know, linked data is accessed very frequently. And again, the people have done a lot of work with regard to looking into availability of public Sparkle endpoints. And it's really problematic. I mean, this is, you just got to think no one in the past would have thought of putting their SQL database out there for anyone to query. That's basically what we're talking about. You put the Sparkle endpoint out there, and now every crazy can come in and, you know, ask whichever query. So that's going to be problematic. That results in low availability of these public Sparkle endpoints. The bandwidth is proportional to the query. Some queries result in the little data, others in an awful lot. The cost here, again, this relates to the technology that you're going to use at the level of the publisher is really high because you have to maintain, keep that Sparkle endpoint operational. At the end of the consumer, it's low because you can do a really expressive query and only get back exactly what you want, right? So it's a good deal for the client. Interface, extremely expressive, no linked data integration or to an extent, you know, for Sparkle queries that can be expressed as HTTP get your rise. Memento support would be really hard. Actually, again, for certain queries, you could do it. And this cross time and data thing, it's possible, but typically would involve distributed Sparkle queries, which is a research topic in its own right. You know, I keep reading papers about that and reviewing them. I think it's a messy kind of world. So from a publication perspective, extremely expensive, from an access perspective, interesting because you can formulate really expressive queries. But then again, there's a couple of other things that are not really readily available, like Memento support, not straightforward lot integration and so on. So this is an overview of this admittedly non scientific evaluation that I've done when you compare these three kind of ways of making linked data archives available. So the technologies that you can use again, data dump, Sparkle endpoint, subject to your eye access. You see that I left a row open. That's of course for the solution that's going to be really great. Okay. And I'm going to hand over now to middle because he's going to introduce two technologies that are actually from an archival perspective access to linked data really interesting. All right. Hi. So I will just go straight into it. So basically what Herbert said is exactly what caused us to do this kind of research. So we noticed that there was a lack of queryable linked data on the web, which was usually because or they don't want to host public Sparkle endpoint. And if they did, then it had availability problems. So most of the people just stuck to putting RDF files as data dumps online, which was also not really linked data and not really what we wanted. So we were wondering why does nobody explore the access between these two, right? I mean, there are REST APIs we have been working with all sorts of web data access in the past. So why can't we apply these things properly to linked data? So that's where we came up with this calling this access linked data fragments, right? So all possible interfaces to linked data return you some kind of fragment in some way or another. So you could say that a Sparkle endpoint returns you query results. A data jump just gives you all the data, but they're all fragments in some way. So we started with this conceptual framework where we could do and research in and try to find new trade-offs between the interface and what the client has to do. And so we have three main characteristics that define a fragment, which is the selector. What kind of questions can I ask my interface? Is it a Sparkle query? Is it a file name? Is it a subject you or I? A second, what are the controls? You know, how can I, when I query this interface, how can I find more fragments? How can I find more data that is related? Which is very like a REST API, for example, which just uses hypermedia to navigate you to other questions. And then metadata, what is helpful for the clients? What kind of information can I supply with my fragments to help the clients to fulfill its task? And so the important thing about this is that every interface, every linked data fragment interface comes with a certain trade-offs. You can't have it all. You can't. There's no magic bullet here. It's just a matter of finding the tipping point in where can I restrict my server in a way so it's for me easy to put up linked data without coming into danger of availability problems and so on. But on the other hand, the clients can still do the tasks like they are used to. And so as a first instance of such a linked data fragments interface, we came up with triple pattern fragments. So in general, we just said, okay, what if we just restrict the interface to subject-predicate-object triple pattern matches? So for those who are not familiar with RDF, subject-predicate-object is basically what RDF data is expressed in. And so we just allow you to put a variable for each of these free terms. And so this becomes very interesting for archives or basically anybody who wants to publish linked data because we're trying to move the complexity a bit to the client because it's in fact the client who wants the task done, who wants to solve the query. So why should the server do all the work, right? And especially for archives dealing with certain versions, a lot of data, a lot of versions of the same data set, it becomes more and more complex. So we're trying to divide a bit the load. So specifically for triple pattern fragments, the selector like I just said for linked data fragments is subject-predicate-object. The controls give you information to be able to find other fragments. So you can automatically navigate to the next pages. You can automatically formulate new triple patterns. And we use a Hydra vocabulary, which is because it's important to note that this is a machine interface, right? So we self-describe our API so the machine is able to automatically figure out how to ask for new triple patterns to our interface. For us, humans, it's easy, right? We present an HTML page. We know where to click. We know what HTML forms do complete. This is the same thing, but it is machine interpolable, right? So this is the some sort of control metadata. The Hydra vocabulary is, by the way, it's a W3C community group, which tries to do self-descriptive APIs. Very interesting. And then we also supply some metadata, which the most important part is actually the estimated counts that we give. So querying clients can do some optimization, right? They can do some selectivity estimation and which triple patterns to ask first and so on. But I will clarify this in the demo. All right. So, of course, this interface is just, it's an API, right? We still need a data source that confines all our triples and it's easily, I can supply the data for our API. So that's why we stumbled upon HDT. HDT stands for header dictionary triples. And it's actually, it was a submission a while back and it's still hanging there. It's some sort of research outcome from a group in Madrid. But it's actually very interesting because it's a compressed file format for RDF. But it's like a zip file, but it's not only a zip file, it's also indexed in a way that you can ask simple queries. So, like I said, it just, you put in an RDF file, it just compresses the whole thing, it indexes it in certain ways and it generates some metadata and then you can use that as a single file and ask queries. And so the interesting thing for us was this was like a match made in heaven because their triple pattern access was actually really fast and they're also able to count the amount of matches really, really fast. So that's why now all the services that we run have an HDT backend server that is exposed through a triple pattern fragments API. All right. Back to you. So as Mil says, this combination of triple pattern fragments, so the notion of being able to query subject predicate object patterns and HDT storage, that's truly a marriage made in heaven because in the end, HDT is just a static file. There's no moving parts to it. It's just a binary thing that sits there and is self-contained with its own indexes on these three dimensions. So, again, when we look back at our characteristics here, you can have very high availability. Again, it's just sitting there. It's just a file that sits there with its access points bandwidth, again, proportional to the query and the cost very low at the end of a publisher. So very attractive for the publisher and for the consumer. Well, medium in the sense that it may actually have to issue multiple queries in order to resolve what it really wants to do. And I think Mil will demo how that can function. But the thing is that rather complex sparkle queries can really be dealt with in this way just by using these triple patterns. It's really interesting. So interface expressiveness clearly better than subject URI only. And well, not as good as sparkle, but then again, it's affordable for the publisher, right? So, again, we're working on this balance here. Lot integration, of course possible. It's just URIs, memento support, absolutely possible and cross time and data possible because, you know, multiple data sets can have the same interfaces and you can have different versions of the same data set with exactly these interfaces. And again, Mil will demo that. So this is from an archival perspective, extremely attractive in my opinion, very cheap for the publisher and really still valuable for a client. So that's what we did for our new DBPD archive. So we got rid of the MongoDB solution and now have built these solutions using AGT files and the subject predicate object pattern access. So what we do, so this is the storage approach here. We take each of the DBPD dumps and for each we create one of these AGT files. So you may remember the first picture with MongoDB where everything had to go in one data storage, where we don't have that situation here. Each of these DBPD files gets translated in a binary AGT file. So it's very scalable as a proposition. There is software for that. AGT C++ is what we used. Upload time on average about four hours, meaning the conversion from the DBPD dump to the HDT version. Some of these DBPD versions, the recent ones are massive. So four hours is actually a really good deal. I remember that when we tried to upload the latest version in Mongo, it took us a day and we weren't even successful. So storage talked about here we have 70 giga only. So that says something about the compression rate. We had 400 giga for 10 versions and that didn't include the recent ones that are massive. So here we have only 70 gig for all the versions basically up until now. And that is in total 5 billion triples that are accessible in this way or stored in this way. This is the access pattern. So once we have these DBPD HDT files, we then introduce the link data fragment server from Ghent University, which for the purpose of this project was extended with memento time gate functionality. So basically now what happens is a client goes to DBPD, finds a time gate link there to this memento time gate in the link data fragment server and then can start to daytime negotiation. But over the subject predicate object patterns, it's extremely powerful, right? It's just not only subject to your eye, it's now these queries that you can resolve subject to time. So while Mil will demo this, I don't really need to show you that. In the slides that are on slide share, you will find all the base your eyes of all these things. So you can try this at home. You can use memento for Chrome to navigate this or obviously you can do it at the prompt using curl or so. And in addition to providing the subject predicate object access, we also still support your eye access for backwards compatibility. And that's basically just using a proxy that uses the link data fragment time gate itself. So here the time gate software actually directly implemented in the link data fragment server. So if you download the new version of that software, it actually comes with memento on board. Two types of access, the triple pattern fragment and the subject to your eye and date both with date, of course. I think that's about it. And then I'm going to hand over to Mil for the little demo. All right. You know all the stories about live demos, right? This is not like that. It will work. Okay. So can everybody see that? Okay. So this is fragments.dbpedia.org. So this is the official dbpedia triple pattern fragments interface. So this is the home page. So what we typically host at this end point is basically the latest version and maybe the previous version. But it's definitely not an archive. It's just to supply always the most recent version of dbpedia. That's of course where the other archive comes in. And so I will dive right into it. So this is how a triple pattern fragments interface looks like or at least how it looks like in HTML. Of course, it has the RDF content negotiation as well. And this is what actually what the client applications use. And so as you can see, you can just do all sorts of browsing by using just triple patterns that you can use. And here you can see what the metal data looks like. So here it says, okay, this triple pattern has two triples. It has 100 triples of page and it has just one page because there are only two. So I can just keep on going like this. But the interesting part is, of course, what can we do with this? So we actually built this query client that uses this interface to be able to resolve real sparkle queries that you were supposed to send to a server and get back an answer. And now it's actually your client that solves the query. So let me click this. All right. So you see here that DBpedia 2015, which is just the URI that I just showed you. And this is a query, for example, that looks for all movies and the directors of all movies where Brad Pitt played in. And so this is just this client was developed in JavaScript. It just runs in the browser. There's no server-side magic to it. And so when I run this, you can see that, I mean, query times are still fairly fast, depending on the query, of course. But especially for the server, this is really easy to answer because the computational resources are way easier to predict when you just have these triple patterns than when you have to handle the whole expressiveness of sparkle. And here at the bottom, you can see that it just requested a lot of these fragments just to be able to come up with the answer. Of course, this client is always under development. There's query execution research going on trying to optimize this process. So what about the memento aspect? So let me get back to my original resource, my fragments. I will ask for triples that have something to do with Paris. And now I can use the memento plugin for Chrome. It's fairly small, but you can see it in the right top. And there I can set a date, for example, I can bring you to 2010 and see what happens on January 2010, how this page used to look like. So if I now use my plugin, I can say get near the save date. And then we'll start navigating. So what happens is actually now it's negotiation, it followed the link to the time gate, negotiated about the date. And now you can see that I left fragments.tbp.org, and I'm now in fragments.mementodepot.org. So this is a completely different location, but because of memento, you can just automatically navigate to the right version. And so I can use this as any normal TPF server. I can just stay in this version if I want. And I can also just navigate back if I say get near current date. You will see that it will bring me to the memento that represents my most recent version. All right. Now for the magic. So I tried to also implement this memento feature using the Spark queries, which was a success. And so let me just demonstrate how, what this means for executing Spark queries. Let me see if I can... All right. So I created this query. It's a Spark query. Don't be scared. It's not... It's quite easy actually. What this does is it looks for all the albums that were recorded in San Antonio, just gets the label and the record date, and the artist, and then gets the label of that artist. The reason why this is double is because dbpja changed their schema somewhere in the middle. And if I were to query old versions, it wouldn't give me any results because it doesn't know that schema. So this is the query. And then I have the same client as you saw in the browser. I just have it in a Node.js version. It's just the same thing. It just works on my desktop instead. I wanted to do it in the browser, but I had this whole cross-origin issue and didn't work in time. But so this is how I... Can you see that? It's like all the way at the top, right? That's a shame. I'll do this and then I will do this. Okay, so now it's just a command line client. So here you can see that I'm trying to query fragments.dbpja.org. So I'm not going to the archive. I'm just going to that one. The query file, just some output parameters. And so if I run the query like this, you can see that it comes up with the results. No, Black Sabbath was here. And so if I run this query again, but now I add a date time, which is 2012, but same URI, you can see that I will get different results because this is what the data used to give me in 2012. And you can actually see that in this one, there was a recording in November 2012, which is obviously not in here, but it's also fun to see that there was actually data that disappeared over time. Okay, I think that's it for now. Let me get back to the slides. All right, so as a last thing, the important thing here is that as long as publishing link data stays hard and it becomes too expensive and so on, we won't be able to do this whole link data metadata thing in the end. So the important thing here is that you can really try this at home. It's a fairly easy and cheap way to publish link data. And now I will just shortly show you the steps of how you just set up your own interface. So typically you just take your RDF files, you put them into an HCT file using a C++ application. This is research code. There's still a lot of issues in it. It works, but you have to be careful. We're still looking for people who want to contribute making this software better because it's really, really great. But we noticed that it doesn't work well with RDF data that it isn't cleaned in advance. So a lot of manual cleaning makes sure the URIs are encoded properly and so on. That's also why some DPPD versions were not completed in time. And yeah, it still needs some work and the code could give you a lot more feedback than it does now. And it's also very memory intensive because it really compresses really well, but in order to do that, it needs all the information in memory at the moment. I know the guys that do this, they're working on a MapReduce implementation that is supposed to solve most of these issues. But again, it's research work, so production value is still early. There's also a Java version for those who want. But in general, it's really easy. It's a single command saying RDF28GT and it just starts rolling. Second, download the triple pattern fragments code. Actually, this is more than a triple pattern fragment server. It's a whole link data fragment server. So we add plugins and modules whenever we can, like for example, the momentum support. It's a Node.js server. We also have one in Java. We also have one in Python, I think. We have some third-party implementations as well. But this is definitely the most mature server. So I would advise you to try that one first. So we have support for all sorts of data sources. HGT is recommended. But if you want, if your data is small, you can just put up turtle files of keep something in memory, or even use a sparkle endpoint if you want. And somebody also for the Java server added some blaze graph support, which is a high-end triple store. But I haven't tested that yet. And then version two was just released, like Herbert said. It had some breaking changes because the hydro vocabulary changed. And then step three is just configure your server. It's just composing adjacent files saying, these are my data sources. These are the mementos. These are the time ranges that they are valid in, add some time gates, connect them with the mementos that you want them to navigate to, and so on. You can, by the way, all this is in more detail in the repositories on GitHub, on the readmes, and so on. I will just not go into it right now. And then all you need to do is just start your server with a single command. And basically that's this. That's it. We usually don't need more than half a day or something to start something up. If the most time is generating the HGT, once that's done, it's basically half an hour or something. And it does scale because we have this Amsterdam project that hosts like 640 billion triples or something, and they all do it in this way, which I haven't seen any Spark Lamp.2 yet. So that's it for us. I think we have time for questions, right? So that's with the query algorithm. It just finds out how to split the complex query in more simpler queries, and it uses the count metadata that I briefly mentioned to optimize this process. And we're also experimenting with which metadata can we still add, which changes can we make to make the queries go faster. Not the server. The client does this. So all the server does is answer triple patterns. It doesn't do anything else. We try to. In theory, it is some things like optional distinct, well, not distinct, well distinct as well. Some things are just hard that go really, really slow. They work, but they go really, really slow. But then again, most of these things are weird that they're in Sparkle in the first place, because they're so specific and so databasey. I don't know how they were planning to make this work on the web. Yeah. Yeah. Like counting, for example. Yes. So there are two servers that do that. So first of all, the node server, because that's the one who returns the data. And of course, there's an HTTP cache in front. So there's an NGINX server who basically is able to reuse most of the fragments, especially when you have multiple clients querying. Because of the granularity, it's better for caching in general than Sparkle query, which is always different. Yeah. I mean, in general, all requests are really small. So it's not that big of an issue. But we're still looking at getting this bandwidth down more and more and more. Yes. Some people voluntarily started doing things in Python and things in Perl. But ours is Node.js. And it's freely available. It's MIT license. And you can compile it for the browser, which is what you saw. I mean, technically, you don't really need to have it. You can just go to client.linkedata fragments.org, which is what I demoed. It's just you open up the browser and you can start querying interfaces from there as well. I mean, they're totally separate.


Dear students, I welcome you in the course of Leadership, Emotional Intelligence and Cn Making. This is module number 108 and we are going to talk about Teaching Smart People How to Learn Idea in Practice. As we have talked about teaching smart people how to learn idea in brief that the people are there with their own defenses and the organizations are there with their own defenses. We have to bear in mind that there are certain aspects which we have to bear in mind. For example, people think that they are ready for any constructive criticism, they are ready for any learning game, but there are certain things which they forget and the most important thing is that people have desire to remain in unilateral control. They do not want to be seen and known in multiple perspectives. They want the way they are presenting themselves should be the way which organizations accept them. Secondly, remember that people have the goal to maximize their winning and minimize their losses. Another important thing, when we are talking about criticism and constructive feedback, people believe that negative feelings should be suppressed. Another important thing is that people have the desire to appear as rational as possible. They try to demonstrate their logic and reasons, but they are trying to be like a rational person because they do not want to demonstrate that they are making a lot of decisions under unconscious processes. Therefore, remember that because people have a natural fear of failure, they want to be able to defend themselves and this is a natural defense mechanism which is associated with employees. So being organizational leaders and organizational members, we have to clearly understand that that is a natural and normal phenomenon that people are getting defensive. Now remember, when people are getting defensive, we have to understand their patterns of behavior. In those patterns of behavior, we have to apply the same kind of tough reasoning with everyone. Every person should talk about reason in logic based, evidence based phenomena. Every person should demonstrate what they should achieve and how they should achieve. Secondly, collect the most objective data because it is easy for us to measure and implement objective data. Thirdly, make inferences explicit and test them constantly so that we do not talk about any kind of dialogue which we do not have available in our dialogue. So we should be coming up with concrete outcomes with right action plans so that people can do their job better. And then make sure to remain out of bias because if we can overcome our favoritism, then only then can we explore the true capabilities of people. Now who will do all this work? Remember that there is the role of the leader and particularly the top management because it is said that top management's personal values are actually the organization's cultural values. Therefore, we will have to see what are the value systems that the organization is establishing in the value systems. What is the source of those values and how are they demonstrated? Second important thing that is associated with leadership is that when leadership is willing and ready for criticism, it would be easy to implement the things. So the foundation of criticism will start with top management. Welcome a constructive, positive criticism so that they should be correcting themselves. Why? Because they are going to be the role models. And until we do not update the role models, our culture will not be able to develop like that. Dear students, if we conclude all this, then remember that it is very important for us to use positive criticism. Criticism for the sake of criticism is not the right way. We have to promote positive thinking on constructive patterns and first of all, we have to take care of top management that their values are going to be the values followed by the rest of the organization. Thank you.


Hi, thank you very much for attending my session. I'm Abu Bakr Sittigango and I'm excited to be sharing this knowledge with you. I was supposed to deliver this talk physically, but immigration has happened, visas. So I couldn't make it to Dublin, but I'm sure we are going to have fun in this session together. Now, I hope you enjoyed Dublin and look forward to connecting with you all next time wherever it might be happening. Now, first let me introduce myself. My name is Abu Bakr Sittigango. I'm a developer evangelism program manager at GitLab and also a Google Developer Expert and CNTF Ambassador. I moved recently to the Hague Netherlands, but I've lived most of my life in on Africa and I also currently lead efforts around mentoring more Africans in the communities community and also organize for the communities community is Africa. Now, in this talk, we'll be talking more about how you can improve the impact of your diversity initiatives in Africa. There are lots of organizations that are trying to create initiatives and create programs that are targeted towards Africans, but sometimes they don't tend to get it right or they miss the mark in achieving success in those programs. So I'll be showing you insights on how you can get more results from your diversity initiatives on the continent and drive impact. Now, I've given a version of this talk previously at the CubeCon EU in 2021. So, but this version is a more detailed one which is a year later. A year is a long time for several things to happen and I'll be adding more information here. If you want to watch the previous version, you can scan this QR code. It's on YouTube. If you search CubeCon Abu Bakar, yeah, unique name. You'll be able to see some of my talks at CubeCon and you definitely see this one, but you can scan this QR code to get the video link to this. But let's get started. Now, first, let's do some geography. It's quite important because most people get, it's wrong when it comes to African geography. Most times people just assume, our Africa is a place where the way we Africans get asked about where we are from. Oh, you're from Africa. You're from all specific comments. It usually makes us feel like we would think Africa is just one place or it's just a country. We've seen several videos where people refer to Africa as a country or a single entity instead of more than 50 countries with different languages and very, very huge landmass and more than a billion people. Yeah, still not quite as a lot of the Asian population but at least more than a billion. Now, Africa has different regions. First, which is at the top of the continent, which is North Africa, mainly countries like Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, ETC. Most times in most organizations, most use cases, they are usually grouped together with the Middle East. That's Middle East. Most times you see men are Middle East and North Africa or in situations where someone is trying to cover the whole of Europe and Africa, you see EMEA, Europe, Middle East and Africa. But most times, North Africa is usually grouped with the Middle East. Then we have this part of Africa that is below the Sahara, which is Sub-Saharan Africa. Now, according to the United Nations, most of the countries in SSE, that's Sub-Saharan Africa, are below the Sahara desert. Sahara desert, some of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa still have some parts of the Sahara desert but countries towards from there down up to the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa. Now, part of Sub-Saharan Africa, we have West Africa, which is where I'm from, Nigeria to specific in West Africa, more than 400 people and several languages. I personally speak English, Hausa, Yoruba, a bit of Arabic and the French I learned in school. Now, then we have Central Africa. Central Africa is composed of more than 120 million people, several languages. We would like, I think, most popular in Central Africa or South Sudan, we have Central Africa Republic also and Congo, the DRC, the Democratic Republic of Congo, but there are other countries, Central Africa Republic, Cameroon, Gabon, Angola and Chad. Now, then we have East Africa. Most of the countries are quite popular. We have Kenya, Somalia, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and a couple of others. Now, they have several languages. I think there's quite a bit of Arabic, the Indian languages spoken there also. Now, then we have Southern Africa, which includes South Africa, Namibia, Botswana and so on and so forth. Most of the languages spoken there are Zulu, Swahili, Hausa and so on. Now, it is worth noting that most of the places where you hear European languages, like English, like Portuguese, like French, like Arabic and so on, they are usually as official languages. Most of the countries, if not all the countries, have their own languages or sometimes several languages that are spoken locally. I can say that there are a lot of Africans that speak English or speak a foreign language have at least another language, sometimes two or three that they speak. Now, let's go to the main core of this talk, which is improving diversity initiatives in Africa. Yeah, there are lots of ways that initiatives can be brought into Africa, especially within the technology space. There are lots of advancement that has happened in the US, in the EU, in Asia and there are lots of advancement also in Africa, but it still needs improvement and we need partners in the community, in the technology space to bring these innovations and help us move towards more advancement and more empowerment on the continent. But where do you start? The first thing is to define the goal. Why exactly are you driving this initiative? Unfortunately, a lot of initiatives are just to get the numbers, just the KPI, somewhere that someone needs to tick off. And you see situations whereby events are organized, programs are organized without concrete plans. Mainly, there's a publicity stunt to show to the world, oh, we run a program in Africa or we have some initiatives that we are doing with Africans. Oh, we are helping the poor Africans and so on without having concrete goal that benefits both parties, both the beneficiaries and the organizers. So you need to clearly define your goal. What exactly are you looking for? Are you just looking for numbers? You get numbers. There are several companies who have initiated programs just for the numbers. At the end of the day, you don't see the impacts, you don't see the value they deliver on ground. Even if someone in the future wants to like, oh, this company came and did this initiative, let's see what has been the result, what has been the goal all this while, it's nonexistent because in the first place, they were just for the numbers, they were just for the glam, not really to make any serious impact. Now, so you need to clearly define what is your goal exactly? Why are you doing it? And what benefits do you want to get at the end of the day? And what benefits do you want the beneficiaries to also get at the end of the day? So once this is clearly defined, you can then move forward to how your initiative can happen. Now, another thing to take note while designing an initiative is despite the fact that you come into Africa is trying to be diverse, Africa itself is very diverse, very, very diverse. We have black Africans, we have Arabians. Yeah, not really black Africans, but not all of Africa is black. We have white Arabians, we have whites in South Africa, so we have white and some other part of the country. Then aside that the major diversity that is there is the language. There are hundreds of languages. I think in Nigeria alone, I think in the official documentuality we have more than 200 languages. That's a lot, a lot. So aside from local languages, when you want to bring your initiatives, you want to bring your program, how do you design your content? How do you present your content? Do you just target English? Yeah, you can't necessarily go down to local languages, but if let's say you are targeting Sub-Saharan Africa, are you just using English? Are you just creating content English? Are you just sending officials that only speak English? How about the French-speaking community, especially in West Africa? There's a lot of French-speaking community. Now, in Cameroon, we have the French-speaking part, we have the English-speaking part. If your program is mainly in English, if your content is mainly in English, half of the, the remaining half of the country are probably missed. Or some countries in Africa is in Portuguese. If your content in Portuguese, if you're not targeting Portuguese, a bunch of them will be left out. Another thing is regional diversity. A lot of times you will see organizations bringing events, bringing programs, termed African. At the end of the day, it's just happening in a city in Nigeria, Lagos, just in Lagos. And it will be counted, that was Africa, we went, we organized that event, we were able to reach social number of people in Africa. You are basically reaching Lagosians or Nigerians that are based in Lagos, because most times it is easy for Nigerians to go. Now, some of that countries, especially in South Africa, you see where an event is organized just in Cape Town or just in Johannesburg. South Africa is way down. I think from Nigeria to South Africa by air is more than six hours. So you hardly get Nigerians there. So it is important for you to be able to understand, okay, who do I want to target? What are the structures I want to put in place? And how do I want to design this content to make sure that I capture as many Africans as possible, as many people on the content as possible? If it's East Africa, most countries in East Africa speak similar languages. So if you are targeting content towards them, you can localize it a bit or engage partners so to make sure that you will cover that. In West Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, speak English. Other countries speak Portuguese. Some other countries speak French. How do you want to, I think Côte d'Ivoire speak French? So how do you want to tailor your content on the West African continent? How do you want to push your contents there? Do you think your content will be digestible as many people as possible? So understanding the diversity of Africa itself, it's extremely important. And cultural differences, extremely important. You need to work with local partners to know, okay, is this obtainable here? What is obtainable in Nigeria? Is it necessarily obtainable in Africa? You don't just send in Nigerians as in Africa. After all, it's all Africa. It might work, it might not work. So it's important to understand the diversity of Africa itself. Now, visas, this is very, I'm very passionate about visa because I personally have been denied visas by a lot of countries, US, EU, Germany, Greece and so on and so forth. Even Ireland didn't give me visa to come to Dublin to present this paper to you. So Africans, yeah, visa rejection and visa issues, immigration issues are global, but Africans are rejected in huge percentages. So anytime you are organizing programs or organizing events and you need people to travel, even within Africa, bear in mind that visas might be an issue. So when you are designing your programs, do people need visas? Did you station or program participation in a location that will have less visa issues for participants if people have to congregate to a country?  Though after the pandemic and the travel crisis, visas has been a mess all over the group. I've been trying to get an appointment this for the US visa at the point I was shopping for embosses to get an appointment. When I got in Amsterdam, it's scheduled for October, 2023. So basically all my plans to visit the US from now until then is basically canceled. Now, even as an African, when you move to the EU, there are still certain countries that you would need to get visa for. I'm in Netherlands. I need to get a visa to go to Ireland. I need to get a visa to get to go to the UK. And yeah, other EU countries, you might not because of, yeah, we didn't share again, but still you've not necessarily escaped the need for visa. And it might be, yeah, it's issue of reciprocity between countries. But when you are designing your programs and show that, oh, most community programs create and have anywhere you can, oh, request for a visa later. Yeah, but aside that if your initiatives are targeted mainly towards Africans, it is better to be able to find a way to avoid the need for visa completion maybe by organizing a hybrid or a more hybrid event or organizing its locations where travel will be easier. Or basically just maybe organizing more like regional events like viewing parties that will be happening at the same time and they are all connected to the central place. It entirely depends, but make sure you know that getting visa is expensive. Getting visa takes time. At least when you want to apply for a visa, you should apply like three months in advance most visa applications. And with the current crisis, it's even much more longer. Now, the next thing is travel. Obviously, they go hand in hand. Travel is very expensive within the African continent itself, not to even talk of outside. If you look at the images on the screen, it shows comparison between pre-COVID and post during COVID connectivity of the continent. Before COVID, you will see that most African traffic are going out, especially to Europe. Within, you see a hole within the map showing that connectivity within the country is still difficult and it's pretty expensive. There is a shortage of airlines that do points to points. Sometimes you have to travel transit through another country to get to another country within Africa. Sometimes there are some destinations that are basically difficult for you to be able to travel. Except probably you take an airline, you go to Europe and you come back, especially for countries around that maybe you want to move from West Africa to a country in North Africa. You might not get an airline that will take you there actually. Though Ethiopia Airlines covers most of Africa, Egypt Air covers most of Africa, but sometimes you might get some tight corners that might not be covered, except if you take airlines like Turkish because they cover most countries. You take Turkish to Istanbul, you've basically left Africa and you come back, which is really crazy. I've observed at the point that it is cheaper for me to fly from Amsterdam to Abuja or Lagos back to Amsterdam than to fly Abuja, Amsterdam, Abuja. All the maths and the calculation of the airlines can be very confusing. But when you are organizing your initiatives or program, bear in mind that Africans can not just travel within the continent just like that. It's expensive, it's difficult, visa issues are there. There's no, a lot of countries, of the countries don't have visa trees. So when you're designing your program, be well aware of the complexity of traveling within the continent itself. Now, the, oh, my clicker is not functioning. Now, after we talked about the complexity of traveling, the next thing is to see what other options do you have. It is extremely important to prioritize remote or hybrid events over physical. Hybrid has even won a lot of hearts. If you notice most events like the KubeCons, the open source summit and so on, there has been more participations because there's not a hybrid component. There's not a remote component. Maybe we can view some of these talks online. Yeah, we all love to be able to participate. Some of these countries are very expensive for a lot of Africans to be able to attend because to attend a conference, you need to pay for the conference. You need to pay thousands of dollars for flights. You need to pay thousands. It depends on visas. You need to do a lot of hectic planning and preparations to travel. But with hybrid, people can be in their homes, attend conferences. Someone from a village somewhere in Nigeria or Kenya can be able to contribute, can be able to attend, can be able to learn. So for your initiative, it is extremely important to prioritize hybrid because it saves you costs, it saves your participants costs, it saves your resource persons costs and it also saves the stress because when it gets to a point to like, okay, is it actually worth it to participate in this program? What's the value at the end of the day if one has to go through all the stress to participate in your initiative? Now, and the next thing I want to focus on is what the talent pipeline of this initiative you're trying to create, of this empowerment that you're trying to introduce. A lot of companies just come. Oh, we are introducing this new crazy technology, Kubernetes to the community. We want more contributors to the Kubernetes project, but have you invested in people learning? There's still a nascent community of more Africans learning new technologies. Seeing technology as a way to get out of poverty or to be able to create a life for themselves. And a lot of them are identifying new technologies, new ways to contribute. So what pipeline are you creating? For them to learn, for them to be able to get necessary skills to learn. Then for them to become contributors, let's say in the case of the Kubernetes project, after they become contributors, what pipeline is there for the next one that are coming? I think the CNCF has been, for example, the CNCF has created a mentorship platform that allows more people to be mentored, more people to participate and so on. Now, if you are introducing a technology to Africans or you want more Africans to use or contribute to the other countries, it's very important to work on how you intend to onboard people on and how you intend to keep them. The kind of pipeline you create to make sure that are, there are more people coming in and you are able to sustain them with more knowledge. This brings me to the next thing, which is mentorship tied to pipeline. Now, once people are onboarded, oh, they are not familiar with this technology, they are talking about it and so on. Can they access people that are already seasoned in that particular technology? Can they access your experts within the technology? Can they, if they have issues or have clarification, do they have to wander online to get the help they need? Are you able to create sessions where you can mentor new people to come on, onboard your technology? Mentoring is extremely important when it comes to running initiative because sometimes you get individuals who are volunteering their time but don't have the necessary background knowledge. A lot of people will say, oh, I'm learning Kubernetes, I want to get into the Kubernetes community. They've never used the Linux operating system before. They've never used Kubernetes itself. Even if they will not be writing code and they will be contributing documentation, do they have the required knowledge to be able to contribute? Let's say Kubernetes. So creating a system whereby that mentorship can help them level up fast to be able to now contribute to your project or be able to participate in any initiative that you are running. So mentoring is extremely important. Now, the next thing is thought leadership. You need people that have been pipelined, that have been mentored to now become thought leaders in your community. How, what plan have you created? What resources have you created that they can reuse to now mentor more people to come in, to maintain the pipeline? So it's no longer your developers or your engineers that are now mentoring them. They, you are creating more mentors. Who might then be domiciled on the continent? You don't necessarily, you don't need to do a lot more work on the continent because you've trained and you've mentored people that are now on the continent and can now mentor others and can create, maintain the pipeline for you to get all the experts and the awareness or achieve your goal for your initiative. So as part of your initiative, create a plan for creating thought leaders. Who will be able to advocate for your initiatives? Who will be able to sell your initiative and push it forward so that they will not be the familiar face that can be able to recruit more or gather more resource persons for you or gather more eyeballs on your initiatives or the content that you are trying to push. Thought leadership is extremely important. A lot of companies miss this. They simply go for already established thought leaders or spokesperson online that look or African or African and just keep using them and maintaining them but not growing more thought leaders. Now, then a last and most critical part is partnerships. A lot of companies just feel like, oh, we can just come in. Hey, we've been using a model. It works. Let's just work in and create programs and start throwing things or throwing money or throwing the popularity of your, the content of your initiative to the community, the local community. It is extremely important to identify partners. There are lots of community partners now within African continent and some of them are domiciled in specific countries. Do your research, reach out to some of the thought leaders that you know online and get suggestions on which program. What exactly is my goal? Is there a partner on ground that matches my goal? Once you identify that partner, you vet the partner, you ask around, you see some of their success record. There are lots of organizations that will claim to have some success stories but you can definitely see that they are either phony or they just want to make money off your organization. So you bring your research extensively to identify, okay, which partner can I work with? Is my program targeted as females? Oh, let me look for she called Africa. They are a mentorship program that is targeted mainly at females. Now, I'm largely into open source contribution. Now to get a mentor, some open source contributors, open source community Africa, Oscar is there. We have, are you trying to target students? Google has this developer student club where a lot of students in campus is they already have that network. So you can collaborate with the Google developer relations team that have that network, the Sub-Saharan team that has the network on the continent in different parts of the continent. So depending on the program we are trying to create, partner with local, they will be able to tell you, oh, these are the things that will work. These are the things that will not work. These are the right people to work with. These are the challenges that you might face. These are, the fact that something works in the US or works in the EU or works in certain places doesn't mean it to work. And the fact that it works in Nigeria doesn't mean it to work in South Africa. Doesn't mean it to work in Ghana. Doesn't mean it to work in Kenya. So partnership is extremely important. And ensuring that everything I have said here ties to one thing. First, to do your research. Partner, the next is to partner. The next is to create a detailed plan and structure of how your initiative will happen, bearing into consideration the cultural differences, the diversity of people, the diversity of languages and so on. And one thing, one last thing I want to mention is a lot of programs fail because a lot of companies come with a severe mentality. Oh, if I just take money or just go do things, it, things should happen. Or probably thinking because a particular country is known for corruption, you can just get your way around it. No, getting the right partner will help you identify how you should work and how you should manage things. And those partners can even help you to kick run or do the operations on ground. So be mindful of how you present your initiatives because the moment it sounds like some savior mentality, it is already some form of failure that's going to happen ahead. That's the end of my presentation and I'm happy to answer more questions after this. If you also want to engage me or you have more questions to ask, you can follow me on Twitter or check my website for more information at abuangu.me. Thank you very much for joining me and hope you enjoy the rest of the summit.


Still on the economic fallout from COVID-19, Chair of the Joint World Bank IMF Development Committee, Barbara's Prime Minister Hon. Mia Motley has made a plea for rich countries and financial institutions to provide more support for developing countries to negotiate the ravages of the pandemic and climate change. Here's to Sankin English Francis. She made representation for the region as Chair of the Joint World Bank IMF Development Committee at the 53rd session of the Conference of African Ministers of Finance, Planning and Economic Development. Prime Minister Motley compared the significant disparities in developed and developing countries' response to the crisis, including the capacity of rich countries to deploy massive capital for stimulus. So while the advanced economies spent 8% of GDP to boost their economies, developing countries could only struggle to spend 1% or 2% of GDP. Third, our public and private financing flows have either disappeared or been too little, too late. The inadequacy of the DSSI is something for us to reflect upon. This has been the centerpiece of the international community's response to COVID. This debt service suspension initiative really needs to be examined by us. While the advanced economies have added near $11 trillion of new debt, the relief that the 72 low-income countries eligible for relief under the Debt Service Suspension Initiative will be in the vicinity of $11 billion, a thousand times smaller. She said the relative success of regions like curriculum in managing the pandemic has served to hide the real devastation of COVID-19 from the world. I seek your support this morning for a recycling of the $500 billion of SDRs that better matches the problems and the problems we face. Additional fast dispersion resources are necessary. Firstly, to scale up the resource transfer needed to address COVID and climate change, we call upon the rich countries to pledge half of their new and their unused special-drawing rights to recapitalize development banks like the African Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank and the World Bank, the Asian Development Banks. They must use this capital to leverage more long-term lending to those heavily impacted by COVID and by the climate crisis to support green, yes, resilient, yes, and inclusive development, yes. The current resources available to the regional development banks are not size for an economy stop in pandemic. They've not been size to deal with the climate crisis and how it is impacting us disproportionately, particularly those of us between the tropics of cancer and Capricorn. But it is not just the level of lending that matters, it is also the speed with which it is led. Our needs are immediate and the development banks have been well-meaning, yes, they have been, but they've been slow with lending tied up in efforts to draw up conditionalities and with the staff blaming their boards in many instances. We've experienced this in the region, our region. We are in the middle of a pandemic. We should not need to ask, but countries that have suffered double-digit declines in GDP last year need genuinely fastest-person, long-term budget support. Barbeira's Prime Minister Honourable Mia Motley ending that Karakum News Time report.


Welcome to Open at PSU. This website was developed by the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences as a repository for all of our OER resources. When we first began this project, we had several goals. Our goals for the content included, number one, making our courses searchable and findable. Two, making it so that our audience is able to download our open materials to a local computer. And three, providing a way for our audience to repurpose or reuse the materials. Our goals for the site in general were to make the site inviting and engaging to make it really a place that people wanted to come and explore and return to. And also to automate it as much as possible to keep this from being an overwhelming endeavor. Okay, so now for the tour. As you can see, we're here on the home page. At the top of the page here, we have a showcase of some of our courses followed by a short description of our site and OER. Then we have some marketing pieces here. The first is mentioned that the College of EMS has been doing OER for 10 plus years. Something that we're really, really proud of. And we're excited to host this new website that makes our materials even more open. This is followed by some articles and a message by our Dean. And finally, a link to the World Campus so that people are able to come and take our courses for credit if that's something that they're interested in. We finished the page with some statistics. You'll see here we have 79 entire courses online. 77 faculty members have been involved in this project. Well over 1,000 topics are explored and 17 programs are represented. These numbers are automatically generated from our database. Okay, so now let's move on to the meat of this site, which is our courses. Like I said, the first thing we were concerned about is making the material findable and searchable. People can find our content in one of two ways. They can start here with the courses tab, and then you'll see that they can just scroll through here and browse through all of the various 79 courses. Another way is to search here using the search box. These two search features are the same. So let's type in climate. Now you'll see we've narrowed the results from 79 to 39. We can limit this even further using the topics on the left. So we can do energy, let's say. We'll narrow this down to 10 results. So let's do a quick aside. These topics or keywords were created by our faculty with the help of a script. The script allowed us to scrape the course from important words and things that the computer thought were essential words in the course. Once this list was generated, we asked the course authors to narrow that long list down to a list of 20 to 30 keywords. These keywords are stored in our database and are automatically generated on this page when used to search and sort courses by relevance. Okay, so I did my search here. I'm going to choose energy policy. I'm going to click here and you'll see a course description. This is something that the author wrote in most cases and is also stored in our database. So it's something that can be repurposed in multiple places throughout the website and is automatically generated. You can also see that there are links to the various programs that this course is a part of. This is something that the faculty asked us to provide and so you'll see here, if I click here, this is going to take us to the home page for the Energy and Sustainability Policy Program. Again here, Energy and Business and Finance minor does not have a program office, so it takes you directly to the World Campus site that talks about that program. Now moving down the page, you'll see a link here to review the entire course online. We'll do that really quickly and show you what that looks like. So now you can see the entire course. So somebody before they decide if they want to download this material can really peruse the site in its entirety. You'll see a download course files that we'll come back to. Next you see a list of all the keywords that are associated with this course. If you click on one of these keywords, it will take you to a list of all of the courses that have those keywords associated with that course. Alright, course programs again. We can click on here. This is the Bachelors of Arts in Energy and Sustainability Policy. It takes you here. There's some links to the actual course program offices that we saw before as well as a list of all of the courses that are open that are affiliated with that program. And then a similar thing for the course department. So that takes you to a page that has a list of all of the courses that are affiliated with that department. Okay, so that's the long way to say that our course is searchable and findable, or our content is searchable. Now let's move on to downloadable. Oh, I did want to, excuse me, I did want to mention the Authors tab. So here's the author. I used to read more. Now you'll see I have an image and a biography. Again, the biography was written and is stored in our database and automatically generated on this page and any other page where this instructor is mentioned. It also shows a list of all of the courses that this particular, that Brandy has authored, followed by all the programs, et cetera. So this is a great way if somebody really loves one of the courses. The audience member loves the energy policy course and it's like, what else has this author written? This is a great way for them to find that information. Okay, now we're going to move on to how to download the information. So you'll see here, download course files. So somebody can just click here and download. Now, when they do this, you get a question here. We're very clear at the top that we're not going to spam them. We're just going to use this information to gather some analytics and to reach out to them and see, you know, down the road maybe a few months to see if they actually use the materials, how they used it, if they repurposed it or created a new lesson. Using some of our materials, we're going to ask to have an access to that as part of the Creative Commons license that we have a repository of how our information is being used. Okay, so here I am going to fill this out. Actually, I'm not. Let's say I'm an independent learner. I'm not a robot. And I'm going to submit the questionnaire. Once the form is submitted, the zip file is automatically downloaded right here. The page has a number of interesting things. First of all, it has a list here of other courses that you might be interested in. So similar to Amazon, other things that you might want to check out. That's automatically generated using the keywords in our database. It also has this link to download instructions. This list of instructions tells you how to open the zip file and find the relevant information. It talks about how you can cite our information here. And it also... So that's that. So now we've talked about how this website makes our information findable and downloadable. So now that we have downloaded our material, I've opened the zip file. And you can see it here. Going to open it. And you'll see that the entire course is there in that zip file. It's located on their local desktop. And available and ready for them to reuse and repurpose in whatever way they see fit. So again, people all over the world that might not have access to really great Wi-Fi can use this material right there on their local computer. So let me pull the website back up again. And I'm going to go right back up to the main menu one more time. Back to our home page. Our list of courses. We do have an about page. This has information on the purpose of the site. Who created the content. How to use it and how to cite it when it's started. The terms of use page does exactly that. It explains our terms of use. It explains the basic Creative Commons license and then provides options for how to cite our materials. Or how to help page. Asks people to spread the word via social media and other outlets. And asks users to share back. So if somebody's used this material to create maybe for a high school class or for a community college class or for who knows a university class somewhere in Africa but they've used portions of our material we ask them to share that back with us. There's also an opportunity to contribute financially and a request or an opportunity for Penn State faculty and staff to participate in our OER website and endeavor by contributing their materials. We have the contact form and I think that's it. I hope that you have enjoyed this tour. Thank you.


The Australian press are embarrassing sycophantic empire lackeys Earlier this week Australia's state broadcaster ABC News published an article titled US military spies to embed in Australia's Defense Department to monitor regional threats in wake of osman talks About one of the many recent developments in the nation's continual abandonment of its last remnants of sovereignty to the most powerful empire of all time A few hours later the headline was quietly changed to US military analysts to embed in Australia's Defense Department to monitor regional threats in the wake of osman talks Notice the difference? The word spies was replaced with analysts. ABC's editors made no note or explanation for this change The headline was not made more accurate or clear. These will be military intelligence operatives per the article who are spies per definition All that was changed is that military analysts sounds less like a self-debasing abdication of national sovereignty than spies Looks like Australia's state broadcaster got an angry call from Virginia on Tuesday Then on Thursday we saw an article in the age in the Sydney morning herald titled I swear this is the actual headline To defend Australia we must create a national citizens militia by a man named Anthony Bergen who is I swear this is the actual title A senior fellow at strategic analysis Australia Strategic analysis Australia is a militarist think tank which is stuffed to the gills with veterans of the malignant empire funded think tank Australian Strategic Policy Institute which has been playing a key role in manipulating public opinion about a future war with China Successive governments have had a phobia about being seen even remotely to support schemes that smell of national conscription Bergen argues But should a time of crisis or conflict arise in the coming years the Australian defense force will be forced to expand rapidly and use people who have not had the years of intensive training that is required for our military services To strengthen national security we should no longer shy away from looking at options short of conscription models that wouldn't be hard to sell to the Australian people the time is right Bergen adds To substantiate his claim that the time is right to sell the idea of widespread military service to Australians in order to rapidly prepare for war with China Bergen makes the following baffling argument Quote, there is an appetite for political leaders to introduce measures to strengthen national resilience We've seen in Ukraine just how valuable and effective a trained population can be in defending their homeland where for the most part the ranks of its armed forces are bolstered by volunteers and quote I mean I don't know where to even start with this Can you imagine being so thoroughly immersed in Canberra swamp echo chambers that you think Australians have been watching what's happening in Ukraine and thinking to themselves now we should definitely have widespread military service like those blokes You cannot possibly be talking to any normal human beings in your day to day life and believe that's an actual thing your interpersonal relationships must be exclusively with weird think tank swamp monsters Bergen argues that Australia should establish a national militia training program to provide basic military training and knowledge to everyday civilians who wish to contribute to the defense of Australia if their home were threatened without joining the military permanently or as part time reservists Needless to say, at no time does he ever entertain the idea that Australia could simply refrain from participating in the US Empire's planned war with China. It is not Anthony Bergen's job to traffic in that kind of sanity Australia's media landscape is particularly conducive to mass scale militarist propaganda due to the fact that the nation has the most concentrated media ownership in the western world with a powerful duopoly of 9 entertainment and Murdoch's news corp controlling most of the Australian press with the aforementioned state owned ABC making up another chunk of the propaganda This is how our nation is being marched toward consenting to a military confrontation of unimaginable horror without Australians noticing that something wildly insane is happening They are being pied pipered over a cliff by a mainstream press staffed entirely with bootlicking empire apologists who will do anything to grease the gears of the most destructive war machine on this planet


This is stock number 9417. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2011 Ford F350 crew cab, shore box, single rear wheel. This truck has the 6.7 liter power stroke diesel. From this HD video you will be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean all the way around. Factory fog lights has some blacked-out headlamps. And we do have the original headlamps for this if you didn't like those for some reason. Got the polished aluminum alloy rims. These are 20-inch rims and they have Goodyear Dura-Track Wrangler LT 275 65R 20 tires and these tires have I'd say close to 90% of the tread left maybe even a little bit more. Framing underbody is in really nice condition. You can see it has the Rancho shocks there. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device or whatever you may be watching this on. Turn them on now because it's like you're right here looking at the truck with me. I didn't see any denser dings on that hood. Very nice clean condition. Passenger side rim is an excellent condition as well and that tire has just as much tread as the driver's tire. As we go down this side of the truck you can see just how clean that body is. How reflective and glass like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down. You can still see the truck, hear the truck and of confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. Cab is an excellent condition down this side. Very clean. Really nice condition. Lips on the wheel wells here are nice condition as well. This back rim is really nice and the back tires have just about as much tread as the front's maybe just a hair less. But still lots and lots of tread left on those tires. The frame and underbody is in really nice condition. You can see the box wheels are in really nice condition. It's like that all the way underneath. You'll also notice that this has been DPF deleted which you'll also see in a second here. But the frame and underbody is in really nice condition. Very clean underneath here. And all the lower rockers look good as well. Nice big chrome tipped exhaust there. Rear bumpers in excellent shape. Has the back up sensors. The tailgate's in pretty nice condition. One tiny little ding above the handle there. It has the tailgate step assist. Has a spray and bed liner. And it also has the factory exhaust back here. So if you ever wanted to put that back on. It does come with this truck. At this second. It is in here. And with the truck. Has the toolbox. In the back. And as we go down this side of the truck. Just as clean as that passenger side. FX4 off-road suspension package. You get the skid plates. And the Rancho shocks. Very clean down this side of the truck. Has the driver's side door code entry. Power scope mirrors. They're not power, I'm sorry not power scope. They are telescopic. And they are power. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors. Factory. Power pedals. We also have auto headlamps. Factory all-weather floor mats. Inside the XLT package gives you the grey cloth interior. There are no rips or tears on this seat. Very very nice condition. And we'll hop in here. Has 50,426 miles. Has an outside temperature and compass display. Has information and cruise control settings. Bluetooth audio controls and radio controls on that side. AM FM radio. This does not have serious satellite radio. Has turned-out four-wheel drive. Has the factory brake controller. Four up-bidder switches. And then there's the sink. If you wanted to pair your Bluetooth phone. You can definitely do that. You got stability control and then downhill assist control. The passenger seat is in really nice condition as well. In 2011 they started putting side curtain airbags. In the super-duties. Headliners nice and clean. And yeah, we'll take a quick look at the back seats. And then we will check out under the hood. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips or tears back here. Has a fixed glass window. Seats are in really nice condition. I didn't see any rips or tears. And it's like that all the way across. Has the factory all-weather floor mat back here. And a 110 volt, 150 watt plug-in. There is a storage compartment underneath here. That is lockable with the ignition key right there. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. So these mirrors, they are manual power scope. Or manual scoping. They also fold in like so. You've got built-in directional signals in that mirror. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter power stroke diesel. It's been a really good motor for Ford. Engine bay is very clean. Runs very smooth. This truck has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop. Has a fresh oil and filtered change. You can see it has a sinister diesel add on there. But, very clean, runs very smooth. This truck has been fully-safetyed and inspected, like I said. And is 100% ready to go. And to see more pictures of this truck, or one of our other 400 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half-tons, sweet quarter-tons, one-tons, you name it, we got it.  Videos of every single used vehicle that we have, all at www.summitauto.com. Thank you so much for checking out this video. If you like this one, want to make it yours, give us a call right now,<PHONE_NUMBER>. Ask for one of our sales associates to make this truck yours today. Once again, that number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Thanks again for checking out the video. If you want to check out more, go to www.summitauto.com. Remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos you see there. In fact, in a second you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. Which will allow you to see every video that I do. And that are coming in as far as used inventory. On the right, a link to more heavy duty truck videos like this one. If you haven't been to our website on the bottom, a link to this truck on our website. Click those checks out. And we really look forward to helping you with this super clean 2011 Ford F-350. Crew cab, short box, single rear wheel, power stroke diesel. Thanks again.