Hi and welcome to the session, I am Shashi and I am going to help you with the following question. Question says, discuss the continuity of the following functions fx is equal to sin x multiplied by cos x. First of all let us understand that function f is continuous at x equal to a, function is defined at x equal to a or we can say f a exist and limit of the function is equal to value of the function at x equal to a, this is the key idea to solve the given question. Now let us start with the solution, we are given function f given by fx equal to sin x multiplied by cos x, now we know sin function is defined at every real number, cosine function is also defined at every real number, so their product is also defined at every real number so we can say function f is defined at every real number, now let a be any real number, let us now find out limit of the function at x equal to a, limit of x tending to a fx is equal to limit of x tending to a, sin x multiplied by cos x, now put x equal to a plus h as x tends to a, h tends to 0, now substituting these values in this limit we get limit of h tending to 0, a plus h multiplied by cos a plus h, this can be written as limit of h tending to 0, 1 upon 2 multiplied by 2 sin a plus h multiplied by cos a plus h, here we have done multiplication and division by 2, now this can be written as limit of h tending to 0, 1 upon 2 multiplied by sin 2 a plus h, we know 2 sin theta multiplied by cos theta is equal to sin 2 theta, now this is equal to 1 upon 2 multiplied by sin 2 a plus 0, this is equal to 1 upon 2 multiplied by sin 2 a or you can simply write it as 1 upon 2 2 sin a multiplied by cos a, we know sin 2 a is equal to 2 sin a cos a, this is equal to sin a multiplied by cos a, so we get limit of x tending to a f x equal to sin a multiplied by cos a, let us now find out value of the function at x equal to a, f a is equal to sin a multiplied by cos a, now clearly we can see limit of the function is equal to value of the function at x equal to a, so this implies even function f is continuous at real number a, now we get function f is continuous at every real number a, so we can write even function f is continuous at every real number a, this is our required answer, this completes the session, hope you understand the session, take care and keep smiling.


the topic of isoquants. As we were discussing the various types of the terms or the phrases that we are going to utilize in the production process. So, what is called isoquant? Isoquant is basically the combination of the two things. One means iso, other is quant. Iso means same equal or the quant is the abbreviation of the quantity. So, any curve that provides the same level of the quantity or the same level of the output with various combination of the inputs, that curve or that map will be called isoquant. Or in other words, we can say various combinations of the capital and the labor that provide the same level of the output. Those are combinations when they are plotted on a curve or on a graph. The resultant graph or the curve it will be in a shape and that shape or that curve will be called isoquant. And now if we look at this isoquant, why are we explaining it? Actually, isoquant shows us various combinations available to the entrepreneur. Now, the meaning of these various combinations is that capital and labor or production functions that are present in it have the possible avenues to achieve the same output through different combinations. So, when the price of different inputs changes in the market or their non-availability or the price of a single one becomes favorable for them, then they can switch from one combination to another combination in all of these. But here all those combinations, when we draw them on one curve or join them, they appear in the shape of isoquant. Now, if we look at it, we say that suppose there is a form because this is an example. We are taking it from the same book which is recommended otherwise there can be the various combinations of various outputs. That is why I have drawn it in the shape of isoquant. It can be 60 pairs of jeans, 60 pairs of earrings, 60 pairs of socks. So, there can be any type of the output which we are producing from various combinations. Now, what are those combinations of? Capital and labor. And for that, we have drawn a table next to it. Now, these shows are pre-requisites for it. The combinations we are showing, during those combinations, the firm or the entrepreneur, their technical level of progress or technology is not changing. So, for all these combinations of capital and labor, the entrepreneur has to utilize the same level of the technology so that the technical progress aspect is zero. So, the isoquant curve that we have, when we bring the graph in a tabulated shape, we see that there are various combinations. If we look at the first combination, if we look at the A combination, we have taken three units of labor and 20 units of machine. And the output we have from these two is 60. Similarly, the next combination is B, in which we have increased the four units of labor, but in response to that, we have reduced the few units of the machine, and so on. So, it means there are the six types of the combinations which are giving us the same level of output, but the amounts of capital and labor are differing between them. And now, these six combinations, when we explain them in the form of this graph, because if we look at this graph here, the first A that we took for the units of machines, we have taken the combination. Now, we look at the next one. So, over this graph, we are reducing the input in the y-axis, and the input in the x-axis, i.e. in the form of labor, we are enhancing the amount of the input. So, in this form, we have these six combinations, and these six combinations, we are providing an equal level of output. Now, the arrow here is showing us that it might be the optimal level between these two. Now, what will be the optimal level? We will see this later. Or if we say that we are only looking at it from the technical aspect, but when we look at it from the economic aspect, then you know that the economic aspect is in which we include the cost. So, when we draw the curve of the firm's cost or its budget line, then its tendency tells us that out of these six combinations, which one combination will be the best or the optimal level of output for it? So, these six combinations can be optimal in various forms, because if its budget line is tangent to B, then B will be optimal. If C is tangent to T, then C will be tangent. And if we come to the T of D, then its D level will be optimal. But the graph on which all these combinations of capital and labor are expressing equal level of output, we can see this curve in the form of an isoquant. And in this isoquant, if we look at the inputs internally, then their diminishing rate of productivity is there. And because of this, and because of their internal difference, substitution is possible. So, when there is substitution between them, meaning the marginal rate of substitution between this capital and this labor, or the marginal rate of substitution between this capital and labor. So, looking at that, because it is diminishing, then this convects to a region. Now, if we look at this, then we have various aspects in front of us, that whenever we want to look at this, then we have law of diminishing marginal productivity related to input, which we have to take with our own concept. So, this technical law, we have law of diminishing marginal productivity, it asserts that this curve, whether it is inside, means board or bent, or if it is inward bending, then it will be in convex form. And similarly, because the forms, if one form increases the use of one factor, then we see that it can be reduced or increased, but whenever it will be reduced or increased, it has to be in this form that its output is constant. And in this, the switching of capital and labor, it will be showing its technical aspects, its various combinations. But we will not look at the diminishing marginal productivity. And that rate, or if we say that ratio, on which one factor is changing in this way with the other, that by adding one factor, we have to reduce the other, or by reducing one factor, we have to increase the other. So, this one, which we have ratio or rate, that will be called marginal rate of substitution. And in production, we call it marginal rate of technical substitution capital to labor.


Because there are five in one at home during this stretch. Just what's been clicking? Just playing some good basketball. Thinking about the first half and how you guys started and then how the Hornets clawed their way back into it made it a one point game. Just what did you see that allowed them to actually open the door and keep it open? They went on some runs where we missed some shots and we gave up a lot of easy looks and they just got to go on. They got in the rhythm and then in the fourth quarter they were just playing with a lot of comfort. And we just got to really be prepared for other teams' best shots even if they're coming in and they're not playing as well throughout the season. They're still talented. So just got to pay our respects and play the game the right way. You and Terri have a lot of relationship that goes back to Boston.  What's that like playing against them? Amazing. Amazing. I wish we would have won a championship together with that squad that we had in Boston because you see just how talented we all are as individuals now, now that some of us are on different teams. But we taught a lot to each other. I was pushing him. He was pushing me. Every day in practice and in games, we just tried to run the team the right way. But now that we're going against each other, it's special. Seeing these guys grow over the years and just become more confident. It's amazing to see. Going back to your earlier answer, I think they shot about 60% or what have you in the fourth quarter. Is that more what they did and found things that were working with them offensively? Or is that more just natural human nature? You guys taking your foot off the gas a little bit against a short-handed team where you knew the lead was pretty sizable? I could agree with that statement, the sizable lead. We took our foot off the gas pedal. But you got to give them credit. They definitely came out and hit us in the mouth in the second half. They were playing with a lot of confidence. And for us, it wasn't so much just about the Charlotte Hornets. It's about us establishing our defensive principles. And again, we had a chance to do that tonight. And we gave up a lead. And nights like this, you feel great winning. But how we won, we definitely want to improve on that.   So I think that's just a look in the mirror and a reality check. And we just got to continue to get better throughout the season. Kyrie, Steve Clifford was saying before the game, as far as preparation and passion go, the only guy he could compare to Kobe was Kevin. I know you have a strong relationship and built one with Kobe, have one with Kevin. Do you see the similarities in how they prepare as you have got to know both guys through the years? I think if you look at people that want greatness, will sacrifice their time with their families, their friends, and do everything possible in order to give everything they have to what they love to do to their craft, they have similarities. And I don't think it's just Kobe and Katie. I just think when you see greatness and you wonder how people continue to do it year after year, you have to look at the hours that are put in, the way that they prepare, and how serious they take what they do. And they're very competitive. Kobe and Katie, obviously, with Kobe transitioning in the last few years, he would definitely be giving us some gems to continue on. And you can tell that Ky got a lot of advice from him and watched him a lot. So you could definitely see the similarities. And they're both great, and they're willing to do anything. They're willing to do what it takes to win ball games.  You know, you could depend on someone like that. Kerry, speaking of Kevin, you guys went to that one-five pick and roll late in the fourth, I believe, or maybe we went to the fourth, a small lineup. Just what allows you guys to kind of get into that? And I think Jacques said he would wish you guys maybe were able to get to it more often, but you guys haven't been able to. Just what do you see? That's a good play. That's a good play. Kev's a big target, so it's easy to find him, especially when teams are throwing their defensive looks at us. But we definitely should get to it a lot more, and we'll see as we continue on. But it's definitely a high-efficient play. And me and him coming off screen and roll with each other and being aggressive and making plays is one of the good plays for our team. It depends on the look. I think if we break down the film today, Charlotte was showing a lot after the second quarter. And as we look in the third and fourth, they made some adjustments to hit Kev, double-team him when I was out of the game. So every time he came to screen for me, he was screened on a specific angle. And then when I screened for him, I'm just getting out and rolling, knowing that they're going to try to trap him. So it just depends on the look that teams are throwing at it. I mean, just adjust.


How Americans feel about abortion, I'll start by talking about this a little. It is a, in some ways, obviously a very personal issue that many people have their own individual experience and feelings about. And yet also a very public policy and political issue and legal issue that we have to talk about in that sense also. So on the policy side and the question of sort of values and ideology and then this more specific questions about policy, we have polling data where surveys have been done that ask people what they think about. So one way to cut the issue is pro-life versus pro-choice. We talked a lot about how social problems are identified. And a lot of that has been argued over in the sort of naming of politics and political movements. Neither side in this debate, so if there are two sides, wanted to be described as anti-something, they both wanna be described as pro-something. So that's why we have pro-choice and pro-life where sort of in this framing of this question, they let both sides pick their name. If you ask the pro-choice people, they would say we are pro-choice and the other side is anti-abortion. But the pro-life people don't wanna be anti anything. So they prefer to be called pro-life, which raises obviously the issues. If you ask the pro-life people what to call the pro-choice people, they don't see it as choice. They see it as abortion. They think the other side should be called pro-abortion. Anyway, the country is about split on this, which does not mean that the country is about split on the issue. The country is about split on the question of how people identify themselves. Do identify yourself as pro-life, it's about half, a little under half that identify themselves as pro-life and right now a little bit more, but you can see it's bounced around for the last 25 years, okay? But if you ask, do you think the Supreme Court should overturn the 1973 Roe vs. Wade decision? Now you can see the split is a lot more lopsided. Only one third of people say yes. I would like to see Roe vs. Wade overturned. So that means if we did this right, that some of those people who consider themselves pro-life still don't want to overturn Roe vs. Wade and allow states to make abortion illegal. So there's not one legal answer to what your opinion is based on how you identify yourself. How you identify yourself. So 60% of people don't want to see Roe vs. Wade overturned which is more than the percentage of people who are consider themselves pro-truths. Finally, do you think abortion should be legal? And the way we ask this often and you can get into more or less detail on this, but one way they ask this is do you think it should be legal under any circumstances, illegal under all circumstances or legal under some circumstances? And this allows people, when you give in a poll, when you give people a more sort of middle ground position, they often take the middle ground position. So half the people say it should be legal in certain circumstances. And then the follow up question will be what are those circumstances? And we can talk a little bit about this if you like. But what happens when you do this way is you really only get 19% as of right now who think abortion should just be illegal, right? Like murder. So the pro-life politics or anti-abortion politics often speaks of abortion as if it is murder or a holocaust, et cetera. But it's a small minority of people who want to treat it that way in terms of the law, right? If abortion is murder, then it does not matter why or how the person became pregnant, for example, in the case of rape or incest, which is a common exception. That doesn't matter, the child, the unborn child is still innocent if you think abortion is murder. But most, but those are kind of the circumstances that people are thinking of when they say under some circumstances, they're thinking, well, if she's very young, if it was rape or incest, if it's very early in the pregnancy, then it's okay. If you're taking that attitude, then you are already not taking the attitude that abortion is simply taking a human life. But about 19% of Americans take that view. All right, so one way to look at this is just to say, well, it totally depends how you ask a question. But the other way to look at this more logically is that there are different questions. There's a question of what's your identity? I'm pro-life, I'm pro-choice. There's a question of what do you want to do about the law? And there's the question more specifically, what do you want to do about the law? If you want to criminalize abortion in the sense of put the doctor in jail, put the pregnant person in jail or whatever, okay? Okay. So when you drill down deeper in this and ask people, do you think abortion should be illegal in all cases or most cases? That's the numbers on the left. Or legal in all cases or most cases? This is a different poll, but it's a similar setup. Here we can kind of break down which groups of people show the most pro-choice or most anti-abortion perspectives. And again, these are just percentages. You can see nothing is 100% on here. But if you look, the most pro-choice in sort of each category, legal in most cases or all cases is 62% of women and 56% of men. So not a gigantic gender split, but some gender splits in the direction of women favor legal abortion more than men.  Young people are more positive than old people. More educated people are more positive than less educated people. And people with no religion are the most, or unaffiliated religion, I should have said, are the most positive about abortion rights. On the other hand, sort of the flip sides, whites and Hispanics, men, old people, least educated people, and especially in terms of religion, these white evangelicals and Protestants in general. Okay. The majority of Catholics think abortion should be legal. The majority of Catholics use contraception. The majority of Catholics think the more should be legal. American Catholics are not good Catholics. They disagree with the public. What can you say? That's not my opinion, good or bad, I'm just saying. They disagree with the public. If that makes you a bad Catholic, then it does. But you're allowed to have whatever opinions you want. Okay, how common is abortion? Well, one thing to say about abortion is we don't measure it that well. If you just do a survey and you ask people, did you have an abortion in the last year? Some people don't answer you. Some people don't give you the true answer. There's shame and stigma. If you're a Catholic and you think you're not supposed to have an abortion, but you had an abortion, you might say no, of course, then you're lying, but then that's religion is complicated. So we do our best with going to measure abortion. There's also no federal registry. We have a registry of births in the country. So we measure every birth quite well, but there's no registry of abortions. So any number on abortions is based on an estimate. The numbers here are from the Gluckmacher Institute, which essentially does a collect data from abortion providers. And these are probably the best numbers we have, but they're probably not completely accurate either. Okay, so but close enough to say there's a little less than a million abortions per year. This is in 2017, which is about 13 and a half abortions for every thousand women sort of in the childbearing years. So in any given year, about 1.4% of childbearing age women are having an abortion. And as of now, almost 40% of these abortions are medication abortions, abortions that you do with pills where you take the, what's it called, plant C pills. So this is the trend when you look at the abortions out of all women, if you compare abortions out of all pregnancies, not counting miscarriages. So if you ask of all the babies born plus all the pregnancies, plus all the abortions, what percentage of that number is abortions? So it's complicated, 18%. So if you set aside the miscarriages which would count even less accurately than abortions, almost one in five is ending in abortions, but that has been falling a lot since really for the last 40 years, the abortion rate has been falling. You can see this is what it was when Roe vs. Wade was handed down in 1973 the abortion rate was rising at that time as the law liberalized and allowed people to get more abortions. And then subsequently the birth rate started to fall and the abortion rate also started to fall. It's so it's a little complicated, the relationship between those but one thing I can clearly say is that teenagers and very young women are getting pregnant a lot less than they used to. And that's one big reason that the abortion rate has fallen. And the age of marriage has gone up and people are allowed to be single mothers now in the culture, much more than they used to be. But there's less unintended pregnancies among young women who are the biggest, the group most likely to have abortions. Okay, so let's look a little bit at this sort of legal history. If this is all gonna change in the next year or so which is quite possible, then it's good to know this backwards. All of you got the quiz right. So that's good. Roe versus Wade was a 1973 decision. Roe was the pregnant woman who wants to get an abortion and the law prohibited abortion. So she brought a lawsuit that went to the Supreme Court and they ruled that women had a right to choose to end a pregnancy but they allowed states to limit that essentially to something like viability. 28 weeks is about six and a half months. So they're sort of saying, well, women have this right, but we're gonna draw, you know, you gotta draw the line somewhere. It was sort of their approach. Something like viability. Now, the basis for Roe versus Wade was privacy. Privacy is not in the constitution. So the idea, so the Supreme Court had to do some interpretation here and that's what allows them to still be arguing about it today, in a way. It did not say everybody has a right to have an abortion. They said women have a right to make the decision about abortion. That's why pro-choice people are called pro-choice now because that's the way they won Roe versus Wade because that's the legal framework. And it actually came from, I didn't put them up here, but it came from a series of Supreme Court decisions that allowed people to use contraception and allowed people to have gay sex. Although that was, I guess, later, but it was on the same, that was on the same principle, privacy principle, that the government has no business messing around in certain personal decisions. There used to be laws that said you could not, you could not practice contraception unless you were married. That was like a morality law. They weren't gonna let single women use birth control when birth control pill first became available. Okay, so that's Roe versus Wade. And after that, it became illegal for states to make rules again to ban abortion. Okay, so the issue was can states ban abortion? Some states didn't want to ban abortion, but a lot of states did, state governments. Right away, it became an issue. Well, what about women who are, whose medical care is funded by the government? And this was essentially the beginning of chipping away at the right. Once the abortion decision was made on the basis of privacy, they didn't say you have a right to have an abortion like you have a right to vote, right? You have a right to vote, and that means the government has to make it equally possible for everybody to vote. In the case of abortion, you have a right to decide about an abortion, and the government has to let everybody have an equal access to that decision, but they don't have to, according to the Supreme Court and the Harris decision, they don't have to pay for it. So the Congress passed a high amendment that said, okay, fine, you want legal abortion? It can be legal, but the federal government's not gonna pay for it. So essentially we're gonna not, this right is not gonna apply to four people. That is, they'll have the right to make a decision about whether they want an abortion, but not the right to actually have an abortion. And so that was passed in 1976, and it actually took about four years for it to work its way through the courts, and the Supreme Court finally said, okay, yes, the high amendment is constitutional, okay? That's the Harris decision. And it was big in the history of this in terms of allowing states, the government to start restricting access to abortion. This viability question that the federal, the Supreme Court opened the door to 1973, became litigated more specifically in 1992. By then, medicine was improving. The age of viability was going down. So a 23 or 24 week old fetus now has a pretty good chance of surviving. So they said, okay, we can't set a specific date in terms of number of days, but it is okay for states to ban abortion if fetuses are viable, if there is an alternative, if the alternative exists to have the baby alive, okay? There's no way to avoid some graphic conversation on this. So this allowed some encroachment on abortion rights by states. And the states that were anti-abortion started to try to find ways to restrict the number of abortions this way, okay? Okay, skipping a lot, bringing us up to the present, the case that was heard in the Supreme Court last week, dollars, what we're calling doubles. That is the case in Mississippi, which was passed in Mississippi just for the purpose of getting to the Supreme Court. So that the new Trump appointed judges could have an opportunity to overturn Roe versus Wade if they wanted to, which Trump promised us they would do when he appointed three Supreme Court justices. So Mississippi passed the law that obviously violates Roe versus Wade, right? Even though Roe versus Wade has been upheld in a series of decisions, each of these decisions reaffirmed Roe versus Wade. It's that we're not overturning Roe versus Wade, we're just clarifying it, but the abortion right is still not in the Constitution. So it's really just a matter of Supreme Court precedent. And so the Supreme Court can change its mind, can change precedent if they want to. Usually they're pretty cautious about doing that. And that's what they're arguing about now, okay? So Mississippi moved this back from 23 weeks to 15 weeks. And so after 15 weeks, even though the fetus is not viable at 15 weeks, a fetus born at 15 weeks does not have any chance of surviving, but we're still gonna say you cannot have an abortion at that point. If you get to 15 weeks, that's it. You have to have to do it, okay? So that's what we're gonna decide. If the Supreme Court says this law is okay, to one degree or another, they are overturning Roe versus Wade. And it will depend on the wording of what they say, how severe that is, but to some degree that's going to happen. No, Planned Parenthood actually affirmed the right of women to make this decision. It affirmed Roe versus Wade explicitly. It said we are not overturning Roe versus Wade. That's still good law. We're just clarifying it. That's the way they did it. You're not convinced. But the important thing is after Planned Parenthood, you still could not make a law banning abortion. They still said you have a right to an abortion, to decide if you want an abortion, we're just modifying it a little. It seems semantic, but it turns out to be kind of important. Okay? So that's where we are now. And the next thing that's waiting in the wings is the Texas Heartbeat Act, which is moving it back to six weeks. In Texas, they have passed a law that obviously also is illegal under Roe versus Wade. That bans abortion after six weeks. Six weeks, most women don't know they're pregnant. They call it a heartbeat act because there's an electrical signal discernible in the fetus at that point, usually around that point. It's not a heartbeat, there is no heart, but there's no heart pumping blood, but there's starting to be the electrical firings. The organ is beginning to form. That's very semantic, but that's how they like to describe it. The Texas law, although they knew they were violating Roe versus Wade, they wanted to give the Supreme Court another opportunity to overturn Roe versus Wade when they passed it. They made it so that it's not illegal like the police will come get you if you have or provide an abortion. They made it so that if you have an abortion, somebody can, anybody can sue your abortion provider for $10,000. So that essentially bans abortion because no abortion provider could stand those lawsuits if that was legal, okay? Okay, so the reason why we're even talking about this instead of just overturning it is because the Supreme Court, this current Supreme Court did not throw out that wall. When it came to the Supreme Court, they said, okay, well, we'll hear that. We're not, they could have said, no, you can't do that. But they could have said, you have to hold off on that law until we can hear it. But they did, they said, okay, you made that law, bring us the case and we'll talk about it. And that was a very big moment because prior to this court with six Republican judges, the Supreme Court would have obviously thrown that out and just said, well, this obviously violates Roe versus Wade. We have a precedent so we're throwing it out. Instead, the Supreme Court said, ah, interesting, we'll discuss it. Okay, so that's when the, if it came clear where we'll probably head, okay? Now, I talked about the decline in abortions. One thing that's been happening with the decline in abortions is there's less access to abortion. States have been restricting abortion in various ways. I'll give some examples. And with the issue, oh, sorry. And with the issue of funding, with the federal government not funding and states not funding abortions, it's hard to run a medical practice that provides abortion. There's also politics. There'll be, if you open a clinic that provides abortions, there'll be protesters, there may be violence. People, it's a smaller and smaller number of providers who are willing to take that risk and can handle the funding. You can see here the percentage of women who are living in a state in a county with no abortion clinic. So in Mississippi and what's that one? Arkansas, Missouri, more than 75% of women are living in a county where there is no abortion provider. So if they need an abortion, they might be able to get one, but it's getting harder and harder. They have to go further. And that becomes a financial issue and an issue of inequality and unequal access, which the Supreme Court has essentially allowed. They didn't say you have a right to an abortion. They said, you have a right to say you want an abortion. So this is a sort of the constricting of access to abortion is happening anyway. Okay, let me give you a description of some of the things that states are doing that are part of this restriction. The majority of states require abortion to be done by a licensed physician. It's a pretty simple procedure at the early stages. It can, in a lot of countries, it is done by people who are not medical doctors, people who are LPNs or sorry, what do you call those physicians assistants for RNs or something, different people at different levels apparently to have learned how to do abortions if there's no complications, they're very simple. But in the US, most states require you to be a doctor. If it's beyond a certain point, they may require it to be in a hospital or by a physician that has hospital privileges. If it's later, still they may require a second doctor if there's some restriction on who can do it. To your question on gestational age, 43 states have some limit on gestational age, how far along it's allowable, and that follows row versus weight in the subsequent decisions. 21 states prohibited this thing called partial birth abortion, which is not really a real thing. I'll talk about that in a minute. So that's essentially something about very late abortions, which there's not allowing. Most states prohibited funding using state funds to pay for abortion. Some states even say that private insurance cannot pay for abortion. So even if you have private insurance, it's not allowed to cover abortion. And the logic there is if an insurance company provides abortion, then sort of everybody who buys that insurance is helping to pay for that abortion and they don't wanna make everybody pay for abortions. 25 states require the waiting period. Mandatory counseling may be as simple as giving people a pamphlet or reading a prepared statement that says some things about abortion like did you know after six weeks, fetus has a beating heart, did you know that X number of women regret having abortions and so on. So things to try to talk women out of abortion. And for young women, the majority of states require some kind of parental consent or notification or permission, okay? So it's not like we have a right to abortion in some universal sense. There are lots of restrictions on the right, okay? It's more like you have a right to drive a car, but they can do all kinds of things to limit that right legally, okay? Not like voting. Voting you have a right to do period. Okay, okay? Or like the way some people think owning a gun should be, you should have a right to just own a gun. Finally, a number of states have bans on abortion for specific purposes. If you want to have an abortion because your fetus is female and you want a boy or male and you want a girl, some people have abortions for that reason and that's not allowed in some places, of course. Not that they know what your reason truly is, but that's just a way to restrict abortion. Okay? Okay, on the gestational age question. 79, 80% of abortions take place before 10 weeks, which is two and a half months. The largest number takes place in less than six weeks and that includes medication abortions, people who realize they are pregnant and right away take the abortion medication. A very, very small number of abortions take place in these later weeks. All of the abortions that take place after the age of viability. So if hypothetically a baby is 24 weeks along and usually a 24-week-old can survive, then if you're going to do an abortion on a 24-week-old, it is only going to be if that baby cannot survive. Okay. Okay? So there are a very, very small number of these abortions take place very later than when they discover that the baby has an abnormality, which is so extreme it can survive or something that would not allow the mother to survive or would greatly threaten her. Okay. You can see why from this feminists were not so distressed at the idea that states would only allow abortions before 24 weeks or something. That did not seem like the end of abortion rights because that's not what we're talking about in the vast, vast, vast majority of cases. Okay. And this is from that federal data, which is not as complete. So we don't have every state in here, but the federal government believes is the best they could do on this question of gestation. Okay. Our country is in a choice crisis with an administration that's closing clinics, punishing providers and effectively demanding people carry unwanted pregnancies to term. We need an option for a safe, self-managed, at-home abortion, a plan C, and this solution exists. So why doesn't everyone know about it? Let's review. 30 years ago, a combination of pills was discovered to effectively end an early pregnancy. The health community celebrated. The world would be forever changed. The French minister of health even declared them the moral property of women. But when the pills came to the U.S., they were severely restricted by the FDA, not for medical or safety reasons, but because of politics. Today, they're used by millions worldwide every year and backed by mountains of data on safety and efficacy. While in the U.S., they're still held from us by the FDA, over-medicalized, even kept out of pharmacies. But this is changing. Abortion pills and information on how to use them can now be found on the internet via online pharmacies, human rights organizations, and a physician-supported site called Aid Access. All of us can play a part in bringing this option into the mainstream. One, demand the FDA remove the restrictions on abortion pills. Two, spread the word. Tell everyone you know that abortion pills and information on how to use them are available online. Three, know your rights and risks. Free legal support is always available. The solution is here. Learn more at plancpills.org. What's gonna happen if we start restricting abortion access more and more is stuff like this is going to become more, essentially more underground. Right now, in Texas, if you wanted to use this method, it's pretty easy to get the pills and do it, but is illegal and somebody could sue whoever gives you, provides the person getting an abortion with those pills under the Texas Heartbeat Act. So it's risky, but obviously, feminists have been trying to provide access to abortion for a long time and they're prepared to, to continue to do this and sort of would go underground with this medication approach. So if they really start to make abortion less legal, if the Supreme Court overturns Roe versus Wade, which seems quite likely if not this year, then very soon, then a number of states will immediately ban abortion. A number of states already have laws written that say if the Supreme Court overturns Roe versus Wade as of that moment, abortion is illegal in our state. So there are like laws on the books waiting in a lot of places. Now, one of the things that happened in that debate was people pointed out that having a baby is more dangerous than having an abortion. That abortion counseling that you get tells people about the risks of abortion and so on, which is reasonable to know the risks, but the risks are much lower for an abortion than they are for a birth. Birth is difficult. Okay, people have been doing it for a long time, but it is one of the riskier things that people do in their lives. It has always been the case that abortion bans don't stop rich people from getting abortions and will have more medication abortions, although they might be illegal. It's going to be impossible to stop because it's just five pills. It's not that difficult. Okay, this is just to show you the dramatic graph illustrating the risk of having a baby versus the risk of having an abortion. Of course, it depends on the baby and depends on the abortion. But overall, the number of deaths per birth is 20 out of every 100,000. And the number of deaths per abortion is less than one half out of every 100,000. So obviously that's kind of rhetorical. It should be obvious that having a baby is more dangerous than having an abortion. This came up in the Supreme Court debate. And one of the really interesting things was, what goes around comes around. Feminists said, we need access, we need reproductive rights because we need to be able to control our lives. If you make us have babies, then we won't be able to have careers, for example. One of the things that happens in the legal cases now is the anti-abortion people say, tons of women have children and successful careers. You don't need to not have a baby nor to have a successful career anymore. So why do we still need this protection? Okay, I want to play this clip for you. I'll listen to it and we'll come back to it. This should take us right at the spot. Ms. Ruegelman, I have- This is Amy Coney Barrett, the most recent judge on the court, the one who replaced Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Okay, now it's very mild, it's very calm, but try to listen to what she's saying. She's talking to the pro-choice lawyer in the Supreme Court here. Okay. I have a question about the safe haven laws. So Petitioner points out- Do you know what safe haven laws are? Probably not. Safe haven laws are, if you have a baby, you can like put it in a box at the fire station or the hospital with no questions asked and it will be adopted. Somebody will take care of it and you don't have to. So it's to save, it's to prevent women who are really, really unable or unwilling to take care of a baby from killing the baby or abandoning the baby because they'll get in trouble. Instead, they can say like, you will not get in trouble if you put the baby in this box at the fire station or whatever. Oh, that's a safe haven law. Well, then in all 50 states, you can terminate parental rights by relinquishing a child after abortion. And I think- She said after abortion, but she meant after birth. So in all 50 states, there are safe haven laws. That's all she said. Okay. The shortest period might have been 48 hours if I'm remembering the data correctly. So it seems to me seen in that light, both Ro and Casey emphasized the burdens of parenting. And in so far as you and many of your amici focus on the ways in which the forced parenting, forced motherhood would hinder women's access to the workplace and to equal opportunities. It's also focused on the consequences of parenting and the obligations of motherhood that flow from pregnancy. Why don't the safe haven laws take care of that problem? It seems to me that it focuses the burden much more narrowly. There is, without question, an infringement on bodily autonomy, which we have in other contexts like vaccines. However, it doesn't seem to me to follow that pregnancy and then parenthood are all part of the same burden. And so it seems to me that the choice more focused would be between, say, the ability to get an abortion at 23 weeks or the state requiring the woman to go 15, 16 weeks more and then terminate parental rights at the conclusion. Why don't we? So what she's saying, just, Pitha, what she's saying is if the law now says 23 weeks, if we overturn Ro versus Wade, we're making women basically only pregnant for 50 more weeks, then they can put the baby in the fire station. And so it's really not that big of a burden. Why didn't you address the safe haven laws and why don't they matter? I think they don't matter for a couple of reasons, but we're on our first. Even if some of those laws are new since Casey, the idea that a woman could place a child up for adoption has, of course, been true since Ro. So it's a consideration that the court already had before it when it decided those cases and adhered to the viability line. But in addition, we don't just focus on the burdens of parenting and neither did Ro and Casey. Instead, pregnancy itself is unique. It imposes unique physical demands and risk on women and in fact has impact on all of their lives and their ability to care for other children. All right, so she says, well, it's not just, it's not just, it's not just have just dropped the baby off the fire station just to solve the problem. What she said was, we understand that if we say an abortion is a human life and you cannot just terminate a human life at will, that we are putting an imposition on, we are imposing on women on their bodily autonomy. Where the law is intervening and saying, you don't get to do exactly what you want with your body just like with the vaccine rule. That's what she meant. So we're making the law is restricting people's bodily autonomy and she was just using an analogy to another case where that's obviously considered acceptable nowadays. And street court has recently upheld vaccine mandates in some cases. So they are saying, yeah, you don't get to do whatever you want with your body. If there's a public interest, if the law wants to protect something, it can restrict what people can do with their bodies. The adoption thing has been an issue for a long time. The lawyer is right. What she didn't say in that is they didn't talk about the difficulty, what it is like to have a baby and relinquish it for adoption might be something that people really don't wanna do. So if the choice is to have an abortion at seven weeks or it's not just going through another 30 weeks of pregnancy as if you're only losing 30 weeks of time at work, not even because you can work for your pregnancy, but it's the process of producing a child and relinquishing it, which people don't wanna go through often, right? So there is a sense that you cannot avoid the fact that we have to, in this policy, we are in fact balancing the wellbeing of fetuses with the wellbeing of the people who carry them, women. And so you can't pretend that there is no issue there. There is a question.   When a viable baby is still inside your body, we're still gonna say, okay, it's viable. We could take it out of your body and make it a human, a real human. Before it's viable, we're saying, okay, it's a potential independent life, but it is not yet. And currently the law says, okay, if you can afford it and you can find a doctor to do it, then you can put your wellbeing above the wellbeing of that, essentially that part of your body, which has the potential to become a human. So I don't think there's any, some people would like to not have a debate about abortion that recognizes that there's a continuum of life here. If you have a very religious view, you can say every fertilized egg is a human life and they're all completely equal, but science is never gonna say that. But on the other hand, science can't draw a line and say, at this moment, it becomes a human being. That's why this viability standard is a ballpark attempt. And in a reasonable world, something like a viability standard wouldn't maybe not be unreasonable. There's a radical feminist view that you probably, then it's somewhat shocking my suppose that Catherine McKinnon says, my stance is that the abortion choice must be legally available and must be women's, but not because a fetus is not a human life. Usually people say abortion is only allowable if we're not talking about a human. I can't follow that, she says, why should women not make like-or-death decisions? So she would say, fine, an abortion is a human life, it's an important decision and women can make important decisions. Most pro-choice people don't wanna say that or they don't agree with it, but even if they did agree with it, they don't wanna say it because nobody wants to say you're allowing, like, infanticide, nobody wants to allow infanticide. Well, one important point of it is that the creeping power of this ideology and its connections to government power kind of sneaks up on people, like literally one day women's ATM cards don't work anymore. Like that's like the first thing they're like, wait, what's this?  So it's dramatic and it's not like things don't really happen that fast usually, but what it is is a warning, and this was written a long time ago in the 80s, I guess, this is a warning to people that your rights are contingent on the government respecting them and that the public, the public is pliable. So there are men in the army who enforce these rules and they do crazy things like stone women to death. Humanity is cruel. And so it's disturbing and it's a warning and I just wanna say to you all younger, people younger than me, in some ways this is disturbing, these are disturbing times, even if you are unsure about or against abortion rights, there are aspects of this politics which are, which are disturbing to most people, right? So it's only 19% of Americans think abortion should always be against the law. And I would never tell religious people what to believe, but there are absolutely trade-offs between some people's rights and other people's rights and the way we manage those things is with politics. And so there's no easy answer. And this is just my way of saying I understand this is difficult. So I'm sorry.


From the SiliconANGLE Media office in Boston, Massachusetts, it's theCUBE. Now, here's your host, Dave Vellante. Hi everybody, welcome to this special CUBE Conversation sponsored by Hewlett Packard Enterprise. This is part of our partner series. You know, the partner business has changed quite dramatically over the years. I mean, it kind of used to be, you can make a lot of money pushing hardware and get some pretty good margins there, but increasingly, partners are becoming system integrators, they're becoming much more specialized in helping organizations transform, supporting their digital transformations, their infrastructure modernization, moving to the cloud, hybrid cloud security, it really runs the gamut. And here to talk to me about that is Tim Ferriss, who's a solutions architect at GreenPages. Tim, good to see you, thanks for coming on. Great to be here, thank you. So tell me a little bit about GreenPage, it's kind of a cool name, where did that come from and what are you guys all about? Oh God, I'm going to be killed for not knowing the history here, but I think back in the old days, we used to hand out a neon green catalog. So we couldn't, back when we were doing cold calls, you know, you'd probably get a lot of, okay, we shipped you a catalog, did you get that? Oh, I'm not quite sure, it may be buried under there. Neon green catalog, you could not lose. So I think we do our invoices on neon green paper now. That's good, green, tell her money. So tell us about your role as a solutions architect. What does that entail and what's your background? Sure, so I'm a solutions architect. We have a number of different solutions architects at GreenPage's who have a number of different specialties. My specialty is storage, disaster recovery and data management and protection, and DR automation and that sort of compute, hyper-converged infrastructure and hybrid cloud. So specialization a little bit wide, but we have other architects who are very deep in networking and hybrid cloud networking and that sort of thing as well. So let's get into some of that. I mean, looking at your website, I mean, you guys are into everything. You got software defined, you got cloud, you got security, you got DevOps and really runs the gamut. And well, sometimes in this industry, we suffer from, you know, acronym soup. The reality is, is that things are changing quite dramatically. I mean, it used to be, you'd build an infrastructure to support a single application. You'd harden that infrastructure and that was it, it became a silo. And people don't want that anymore. They want their data to be shared. They want it out of the silos, but at the same time it has to be protected. So what are some of the big trends that you're seeing in the marketplace and let's get into it? Sure, so yeah, many years ago that one server, one application thing went the way of the dodo. You just got back from VMworld and I paid my dues during the wave one virtualization boom when people were transforming racks and racks of servers into virtual machines. So that, and it used to be so easy to impress a customer. You show them of the emotion and it was like magic. You know, you move a server from this server to that server without missing a beat. Now people are looking at hybrid cloud. So not just cloud, but hybrid cloud. Everybody we're talking to, you know, we hear some people say that this is the last major hardware purchase that I wanna make. Now I don't know the reality of, you know, that that's debatable, right? But I think people have a, people wanna have a roadmap to move their infrastructure to cloud or cloud services. Not just infrastructure as a service, you know, lift and shift, but you know, software as a service and take advantage of that. So helping our customers manage that hybrid cloud journey is a big part of what GreenPage is.  We wanna focus on building new apps or our digital transformation, et cetera. And I think you're right.  To me, the key is can the industry, through R&D, simplify what's on-prem, and you know, let's face it, those mission critical apps, you don't just wanna throw them into the cloud. I mean, they're working. You don't wanna have to refactor them and migrate. That's sort of an evil word, but so to the extent that the industry can deliver that cloud-like experience on-prem, you can start to see this hybrid cloud vision evolve. What are your thoughts on that? Sure, so I think in H, it's fortuitous that we're here with HPE. I think they're doing a couple of things with some of their products and services that help push that. So it used to be that storage was relatively complicated. There were a lot of knobs and dials on storage that you could push and rotate in order to increase performance. You could have a number of different RAID levels, the three-part chunklets and this sort of thing, and there was a lot of customization you could do as you could use as a customer in order to properly set up your array for your workloads. People appreciate that level of detail that you can put into that, but they want it easier. So I'm seeing a trend toward less customization and more ready, just set it and forget it, arrays. Nimble, the three-part array was highly available. Very good array, very fast, but a little bit higher end to operate. Nimble, with HPE's acquisition of Nimble, they've taken that operational complexity down significantly, not only with operating the array, provisioning the lines, but managing it, maintaining it, and performing predictive analytics through InfoSight and that sort of thing. So at the storage level, I think, Nimble in that paradigm is transforming storage and HPE's GreenLake technologies, that is very much an answer to the private cloud, having that hyperscale feel, that ability to expand elastically and get out of the hardware maintenance business by using the GreenCloud, I'm sorry, not GreenLake service. Yeah, so actually a little bit of history here. So three-part was actually, the company was formed in the early 2000s before the term cloud computing really came out. They used, I think, utility computing in their S1 registration. But what three-part did is it really simplified that high end and then they, three-part reached escape velocity by going after the high end EMC base and did very well. And of course, famously got acquired by Hewlett Packard at the time, HPE, then became HPE. Nimble now is bringing sort of a new level, where you're talking about intelligent automation and AI managing infrastructure, predictive analytics, and that drives more automation, which I think, Tim, has got to be really a theme of hybrid cloud. I mean, cloud is all about automation, so hybrid cloud on-prem and public, some kind of interconnection, has to be highly automated, doesn't it? It absolutely does. And people don't have time to turn the dials into optimize their storage. They need systems that will do that for them. And there's the level one, the level two support that you get through those predictive analytics of InfoSight are critical to customers. They don't, a lot of customers don't have time for full-time storage admins anymore. And these technologies are what's freeing up those resources, those people resources, to do other strategic things for the business. Especially in small and mid-sized businesses, where they're generalists really, not really specialists at one thing. I want to come back to the hybrid cloud. Thinking about data governance, and management, and security, are we at the point where you can start to see sort of a consistent framework across clouds? Yeah, smiling. So what's the journey there? How are we going to get there? What inning are we in? Yeah, I would say we're certainly early days there. I think customers need to be much more cognizant of the tools that they use and buy. They can't be necessarily proprietary on-prem tools. The best use of your money is to buy tools that can be used to manage hybrid and secure hybrid infrastructures. So that should be a main qualifier for what people are looking for, for security technologies and that sort of thing. It's not quite the Wild West, though we still see, you know, there's that shared governance model, that shared responsibility in the cloud. And I think there are still some who haven't woken up to that basic concept, that just because I move and workload to the cloud doesn't mean it's no longer my responsibility to secure that data, though we're still talking with people today who may be under that misimpression. You're right, Tim. I mean, that is not well understood. I mean, people think, oh, I move in the cloud, I'm good, but there is a shared responsibility model, whether it's for security or governance, et cetera. And when you talk to chief information security officers, they'll tell you, yeah, you know, the cloud vendor might secure the storage device, but it's really our responsibility to do everything else. And the list of everything else is still quite long. Absolutely, you know, rights, roles and responsibilities, those sorts of things, firewall rules, they provide the firewall, they make sure the firewall is up to date on its firmware, but you're setting the rules, you're setting the ingress, egress. So, yes, it's very much still a shared responsibility. And yeah, it's eye-opening still to some. Let's talk about your partnership with HPE. We talked about some of the products, but what do you look for in a partner?  Well, yeah, I mean, we've known for quite a while, I mean, we've seen the writing on the wall that, I remember the glory, I don't know, glory days, the old days, back when people could make a fortune selling memory back before the turn of the century, turn of the century, I'm updating myself. But it's true, you could make a quite a bit of money selling memory back then. But today, and certainly over the past 20 years, people, our clients are choosing partners that they can't just, not just the cheapest price, but people who can talk with them about a solution, not just a product, hear their business problems and turn that into technology solutions that help them address those problems. So that's what I would look for as a partner if I were, you know, we look to HPE for the same thing, not just pushing product to sell product, but to solve business problems. And I think, you know, HPE is listening, they're hearing their clients, they were listening to them with the acquisition of HPE Nimble, they were listening to them, how they're expanding InfoSight from just the Nimble platform to 3PAR and ProLiant and other things and expanding some of those things. Yeah, the pendulum is swung, I mean, after the dot-com boom, it became cut, cut, cut. Everybody was concerned about budgets, you know, IT doesn't matter anymore, we heard all that. And that's totally changed, right? IT's driving revenue, it's driving top line. Of course, budgets are still critical and we talked a lot about simplification, which is a lot about attacking the IT labor problem. But right now, the sentiment with this, you know, the booming economy, we're in this 10th, 9th year of a run on a bull market, obviously in the late cycles, but the sentiment is much more toward how do I enable the business with technology? Yes. Yeah, yeah, so how does IT add value back to the business? They can do that through AI, through analytics and through digital transformation in general. I think we've seen a, you know, there's always been this upward curve to storage growth, but it's dramatically increased. I think it's predicted to be upward of 40 zettabytes or something like that by the year 2022. And that's because more and more businesses are using this data more creatively. They're saving it more. And not only is that growing the usable data, but they need to retain it for longer. You've got to retain it, you've got to protect it, and we still got data protection problems, not just storing it and providing the right performance level for it. But it's really difficult, and then you've got to secure all that extra data as well. Well, I think you're right too. The curve is getting non-linear. I mean, it used to be, I've said this often on theCUBE, that we for decades, we've marched to the cadence of Moore's Law, but now the innovation sandwich, if you will, it's about applying machine intelligence to data and then automating whether it's public cloud or on-prem cloud-like is being able to scale. And it's those three pieces of the sandwich that are now driving innovation, no longer the doubling of transistors every 18 months. Yeah, so do people want to scale on-prem? Do they want to scale to the cloud? And the cloud market itself is this very elastic, very easy to grow and shrink and contrast. Or can you do some of those types of things on-prem with GreenLake and with some other programs that let you have your on-prem security blanket and your on-prem performance with the hands-off operational paradigm and the elastic growth that you have in cloud? I think that's the best of both worlds for some. Let's end with a call to action. So what advice would you give to practitioners, clients that are looking to modernize their infrastructure, trying to support their digital transformation? They want to get from point A to point B, they don't want to spend a billion dollars doing it. They got to go on a journey. How do they get there? What's your advice? My advice is to, certainly I'm jaded here, but I would say engage professionals who have done this many, many times. Don't learn on the job here. You can make some expensive mistakes, moving workloads to the cloud. And we've seen anecdotal evidence and in-person evidence of people moving to the cloud, doing it the wrong way and then having to migrate back. That's a costly mistake. So make sure you do your planning. Migrate in phases, move your data there in phases, bite off some smaller chunks first to make sure that if you have growth pains, teething pains, that that happens with a non-critical application. Build your knowledge base and then make some better decisions. Engage people like GreenPages to help you roadmap your journey, your hybrid cloud journey. And don't go in with a preconceived notion of where you need to end, right? The applications, the performance requirements, and that assessment work up front should dictate where the best place is for those workloads. Great advice to Tim Ferriss from GreenPages. Thanks so much for coming on theCUBE. It was great to have you. Thank you. And thank you for watching, everybody. We'll see you next time. This is Dave Vellante. We're out.


Good morning and welcome to this tutorial video from ST Microelectronics. I'm Andrea Vitale, Sensor Ecosystem Manager in the Internet of Things Excellence Center in Santa Clara. Today I'm going to use the Sensor Tile Development Kit. We will see how to use the event detection logic embedded in MEMS sensors and verify its performance. MEMS stands for Micro-Electromechanical Systems. The event detection logic that we are going to discuss is embedded in the Accelerometer MEMS sensor. It is the capability to detect events such as change in orientation and tilt, single and double taps, and a free-fold condition. It also includes the capability to detect complex events such as steps and countdown. A short introduction to the Sensor Tile. The Sensor Tile is a reference design, an evaluation tool, and a development platform. The Sensor Tile is a tiny, square-shaped module. It is only 13.5 x 13.5 mm. This module packs a powerful microcontroller, a Bluetooth low-energy radio network processor, motion sensors, Accelerometer and Gyroscope, environmental sensors, magnetometer and barometer, and a digital microphone. The Sensor Tile is part of the Sensor Tile Kit. The Sensor Tile Kit includes two different motherboards that can extend its capabilities. The Sensor Tile Cradleboard and the Sensor Tile Cradle Expansion Board. If you want to learn how to assemble the Sensor Tile, search the unboxing the Sensor Tile video on YouTube. Once you have assembled your Sensor Tile, you can connect it to your smartphone. You just need to download and install the ST BlueMS app from the iTunes or the Android Store. When you are ready, power up your Sensor Tile and run the ST BlueMS app on your smartphone. Connect the Sensor Tile to the ST BlueMS app. Power up the device and wait until you see the orange LED blinking. Then launch the ST BlueMS app. Push on the Start Discovering button and you will see the device name on the list. In this case, we are running the old NEMS 1 firmware version 3.0. Select the device and you will be connected. Accelerometer Event Detection. What is it? Accelerometer Event Detection happens inside the accelerometer sensor. Now computation is done on the host microcontroller. Let me say it again. All computation is done on this sensor. The host microcontroller will only receive interrupts based on detected events. This sensor Tile uses LSM-6DSL, which is a state-of-the-art MAMS sensor made of a 3-axis accelerometer to measure linear acceleration and a 3-axis gyroscope to measure angular velocity. On ST.com, you will be able to find the datasheet of LSM-6DSL. The datasheet summarizes the characteristics of the sensor. On the first page of the datasheet, there is a list of features. Today, we are going to look at features like the detection of 3-fold event, inertial wake-up event, change of orientation event, tap and double tap event, change of tilt angle, and the most complex feature, this tap detector and counter, pedometer. On ST.com, you will also be able to find the application note that explains all the details on how to configure and use these functionalities embedded in the sensor. Yes, these functionalities are embedded in the sensor and they are highly configurable. One of the paragraphs of the application note is dedicated to interrupt generation. Events covered here are the 3-fold event, the inertial wake-up event, the change of orientation event, and the single and double tap events. You will find a detailed explanation on how each event and detection works and what are the corresponding parameters that can be configured. Parameters include acceleration thresholds, minimum durations, and time intervals. In some case, axes can also be enabled or disabled. Another paragraph of the application note is dedicated to embedded functions. Functions covered here are the step detector and counter, pedometer, and the computation of the tilt angle and detection of tilt changes. Embedded functions are designed to work at low output data rate to save power. 26 hertz or higher is required for the pedometer and the tilt event and detection. On the opposite, the detection of other events for interrupt generation has no limits and can work at an even lower output data rate. Simultaneous detection of multiple events. Press the more icon at the bottom of the screen. An list of items will appear. Select the accelerometer event item. By default, you will be presented with the detection of the change of orientation event. Try to change the orientation of the device. When you're done, press event enable and select the event of interest. Let's try multiple events. You will see six different events reported simultaneously. The first is the change of orientation event we have already seen. The second is the tap detection. Try to tap on the device and verify that double tap event stays silent. The third is the double tap detection. Try to double tap the device. In this case, a single tap is also detected. Now let's slowly tilt the device. When the program threshold is reached, 60 degree in this case, the tilt event will be triggered. The change of orientation event may also be detected. Finally, let's drop the device. The three-fold event will be triggered. Other events may be detected in this case. As an example, the tap event, the change of orientation and others. For the tap event and its counter, we will see how it works in few seconds. A complex function, the step counter, pedometer. Let's have a closer look to the most complex function implemented in the accelerometer sensor, the step counter or pedometer. Press event enable and scroll to the end until you can see pedometer. Select. Start shaking the device at a slow and regular pace. Keep shaking and do not stop. You will see that after seven steps, the counter is updated and then it is updated at every new step. This is so because the seven steps are required to identify the beginning of the walk. The seven steps are not lost but are included in the counter. Now stop for a while. And then start shaking again at a slow and regular pace. Keep shaking and do not stop. You will see that after seven steps, the counter is updated and then it is updated at every new step. Again, the seven steps that are required to identify the beginning of the walk are not lost but are included in the counter. Anything less than seven consecutive steps is considered as a random motion and the counter will not be updated. If you pause after less than seven steps, these steps are lost and will not be included in the counter. This is down to improve the accuracy of the counter. Eliminating many false positives at the cost of missing few true positives or steps. Log accelerometer events. We will now learn how to log the data. Press event enable and let's select the wakeup event. Select. Press the share icon on the top right corner of the screen. A pop-up menu will appear. Select start logging. Perform some activity. When you're done, press again the share icon and select stop logging. The app will prepare an email with the login attachment. The log is a text file in CSV format, commas verited values. The log holds the output of the event detection function that you have selected. If you have selected the multiple event detection, the log will hold the information of all events that have been identified. During this tutorial, we have seen how to use the SensorTile development kit to use the event detection logic embedded in MemSensors and verify its performance. I hope you have seen how easy it is to use the SensorTile as an evaluation tool. Thank you for watching. Bye.


Hey everyone, thanks for joining today. In this video we're going to be talking about IV rank versus IV percentile IV standing for implied volatility. We're going to look at how these two indicators play into options trading and more specifically options pricing to figure out how you can use these two to guide your options trading in the future. So we've had some questions in the community about IV rank and IV percentile, the difference between them, when to use them, and how to measure IV for certain indices, ETFs and futures. So we want to start with explaining the difference between IV rank and IV percentile. Up on my screen here I have Thinkorswim. This is the SPX one year one day chart and below here is a navigation trading indicators green IV rank and IV percentile both expressed linearly with graphs at the bottom here. So you can see there they are correlated but a lot of times they're different. When we're looking at either of these these indicators if one of them is over 50 we're looking at a higher volatility environment. And you can see on the graph here when volatility is spiking with the IV rank and IV percentile you can see large moves in both direction. And then this is earlier in this year February of 2023 and later in this year as there's been a bullish push over the last couple months here starting in the mid to end of or the end of October things are going up seemingly continuously and because of that volatility is coming down both the IV rank and percentile. So let's define both and look at how they're interpreted and then look at the differences between the two. IV rank is going to be comparing the current IV implied volatility to the highest and lowest levels over the past 252 trading days one year. Now both the IV rank and IV percentile are using 250 days or the last trading year as there about 252 days in the trading calendar year. Biggest difference you'll see right away one is expressed as a number IV rank from 0 to 100 and IV percentile is a percentage obviously 0 to 100 as well. That number for IV range is going to indicate the current implied volatility's position within its high and low range. You can see the formula here and it's going to give you a number that represents where the current IV stands relative to its range in the last year. So how to look at this the higher the IV rank closer to 100 is going to suggest that the current IV is close to its highest level over the past year and the lower IV rank closer to 0 is going to tell you that it's closest to the lowest level in the past year. So the IV rank is looking at where the IV is relative to the high and low of the year. What the IV percentile is going to tell you is the percentage of days in the past 252 trading days where IV was below the current level. So it's going to give you a broader view of the historical distribution of IV and is calculated as such. Now here's where you can draw the distinction. This calculation is going to tell you the percentage of days where IV was below the current level not where it is compared to the spread of the high and low of the last year but the amount of days that are below the current level. So a high IV percentile closer to 100 is going to tell you that a high percentage of the days in the past year the IV was below the current level. Conversely low IV percentile closer to 0% suggests that the current IV is higher than it has been most days over the past year. So IV rank is going to focus on the specific high and low range of IV over the past year where the IV percentile considers the overall distribution of IV across all days in the past year. This means the IV rank is going to be IV rank will be more in regards to the extremeness of the current IV compared to its own historical levels while the percentile gives a broader context by showing how often over that past year IV has been below the current level. So you can see the correlation here and a lot of times where IV is pretty much in lockstep especially around the contractions and expansions but what are the situations and why is this happening where you know IV rank and IV percentile have such a big spread or are somewhat different. You're looking at here you know IV rank let's see in March of this year is at 42 and IV percentile is at 58 so this isn't exactly exactly apples apples comparison here but you know you kind of see a spread here on 927 between IV rank and IV percentile. So give us an example of how this can happen. So you see on the screen here we're looking at a current implied volatility of 25 percent past year's high IV of 40 and the past year's low IV of 10. So those last two figures will only use the calculate IV rank. The current implied volatility is the only thing from today that we're going to use in that current implied volatility calculation. So let's see the IV rank calculation here we're looking at 37 percent so that would be 38 indicating the current IV is going to be below the midpoint of last year's high and low range you know represented here by 38 out of 100. The IV percentile so out of those past 252 days there were 50 days where IV was below 25 gives you an IV percentile just around 20. So the difference here the IV rank of 38 is in suggests the current IV is within the mid range of its yearly high and low but in the IV percentile IV percentile it'll tell you that the current IV is higher than it has been on most days of the year. So this is kind of giving you a where does it fall in the range and ranks at with ranking and the percentile gives you a ratio expressed in a percent of the amount of days that were below a certain point. So what's an easy way to remember this well try this thinking of IV rank like a ranking in sports and IV percentile like a percentage of days in sports rankings the teams are going to be compared to their historical performance throughout the season and similarly IV rank is going to compare to the current IV IV level to its high and low same with the highs and lows of a team within a certain period like a season providing a rank within that range. IV percentile as a percentage of days percentages often represent a portion of a whole a ratio like I mentioned IV percentile tells you the percentage of days within the specified period where IV was below that current level. So we'll see in just a second about using VIX as another way to show implied volatility but I'll just pull it up here for one second but another one of the questions that we got was you know how do we measure implied volatility in and ETFs and stocks and futures and not just you know index funds or indices like SBX. So this navigation trading tracker that shows the IV rank and percentile can also be used in ETFs with stocks and also with futures themselves and actually this is or sorry that's the VIX futures so that's a bit messy but let's see another futures here there we go at the bottom another couple ways you can besides the VIX there's like we said the VIX futures and the new VIX one day chart which won't give you the indicator at the bottom but we'll get to that in just a second also within the options chain let's take a look here this might have been pointed out in other videos but for each option chain the DS21 DS22 weeklies and quarterlies you actually see the IV percentile in the left here and then on the right you see the expected move of the stock so that's you know for tomorrow SPX is expected to go anywhere up to say 29 or 28 and a half points up and 28 and a half points down now that's going to be the standard distribution so I believe you know if you're looking at that kind of on that bell curve you would have about a 68.3 I believe percentage that within that range you know that that index SPX will fall into that range and you can see these you know same kinds of things in the option chain certain options cycles are going to be more volatile and have more IV than the other ones you know we talk about this in our calendars courses but each one of them is going to have the implied volatility and the expected move for that cycle so right now we're looking at thinkorswim I wanted to pull this up to start to look at how implied volatility can be measured on the left here this is SPX these are some these are some charts down here that we'll get to in just a minute a couple different indicators that you could use this is VIX and this is the volatility index that is a pretty widely used way to measure market expectations for future volatility a lot of times you'll hear investors or analysts refer to this as a fear gauge and what it is is going to be representing the market's consensus on the anticipated volatility of the S&P 500 index represented by SPX on the left here over the next 30 days time so might go without saying but a higher VIX is going to suggest a greater expected movement or turbulence in the market while lower VIX usually tells you that the perception is relatively stable or predictable so looking at VIX on the right here and SPX on the left actually have a an on-demand view December 13th 2023 so you can see on the SPX here all through the months of November and December we've had a pretty high bull market where you know SPX among many other indices is on a steady rise without many days of big lows you can also see that in the relative strength index and you know this is SPX at the time and actually in real time is at the high of the year so as you see you know VIX on the right kind of start to fall what that's telling you is that there isn't a lot of fear in the market right a lot of people are putting money into the market continuing to put more money and seeing bigger returns therefore less fear as SPX and many of the other many of the other indices continue to rise when you're looking at you know February and March of this year you see VIX is spiking the highs of 30 of the year where you know now we're down to the low teens and as low as you know 11.81 here so if you look at VIX on the right and what's happening here you follow that February and March time frame that's a lot of volatility meaning a lot of moves up and down left up and down as we go left to right here and it's harder for investors at the time in that February and March period to really understand or think they can predict what's happening that's a much different situation that we have going on here now from November to December where there's not a lot of fear in the market VIX is going down and an important thing about VIX is that you know it's it's a key factor or IV I should say and VIX as a as a byproduct is a key factor for influencing auction pricing you know we talked about it reflecting the level of uncertainty or risk that's perceived by the market but what is the impact on options prices of the VIX or IV well the two are pretty much directly correlated higher implied volatility is going to generally lead to higher options premiums or prices which you know we talked about that means increased market uncertainty so by selling options at a higher price you are taking on more risk as the auction seller or by buying them at the higher price again there is more risk there's more to lose there where lower implied volatility will tend to results in lower options premiums again that's you know taking on less risk or lower perceived risk of selling or buying options contracts one more thing to point out here so you know as you see periods where IV is spiking and then falling that's what we talked about IV contracting see here's one here here's another one you know you see these in the IV rank and IV percentile and you can see them in VIX too right this is the one year one day chart but if you were to go into sorry you know 180 day five minute chart for VIX at that at last week you see days of VIX contracting and falling you know many of the option strategies that we're selling and then buying back we want to sell high and buy back low right for the options pricing and that can be VIX or implied volatility measures the options contract pricing and that's what we're looking to do is you know look at selling when VIX is high and buying back when VIX is low so traders use IV and VIX to make decisions about entering or exiting options and which strategies to use that's just an example but you know you'll see more of this as you go on in the courses


What's up everybody? I'm JC of Rajasby's casebricks.com 2020 tops chrome baseball hobby 12 box case break Pick your jeans number five sold out and they get as a full case Get no better in common ship and it's pretty nice stuff find two chrome autographs per hobby box You can see Nick is helping rare pack stack Gotta go from the list really quick, but here it is right here now If you have a little character sign next to your name you have a you want that from a little filler breaks So there you go those customers there Just one of these teams And then everybody else that bonnet straight up is there as well. All right, so There you go It's okay guys with Nick's help. We're gonna be well ahead of schedule So Looking at the schedule right now. I Wanted to take a little dinner break after this so I guess that maybe I mean it might be Might only be four to five minute break with Nick helping so Be a little earlier than that's what the schedule says, but Around there and after that, we just got to do a score pack and we'll do MVP football matches And then after that So I'll pack to do the basketball mixer and then you guys are filling up contenders opting so You can do that after the mixers Someone was like, yeah, they take like two hours. I was like, well damn you guys are selling it out We're going to do I'm like, if this is like luminance or something it'll be different Yeah, guys. I'm down. I'll do another hobby later tonight. I'm down to another jumbo hobby is probably the closest I think that's down to like six laps Yeah, so grab a team now before it's in a filler And then that soccer is it sitting there for a little bit guys We're just two random normal blocks away halfway there on one of them the other one down like seven I think and then I think we'll kill those two contenders optics tonight. So It should be good on that Adam. He's just about to pass an optic nice. Yeah, here's the Official list here now Turn it out. I didn't want to touch the printers something like turns off So I was it at the other night You got a negative Sean Murphy I'll do a little hip recap video at the end of this video as well. So no worry someone told me that Somebody rushed the the dugout for the age There was one more. Yeah, right Rodriguez the first auto for the angels Didn't really last Yeah, I mean He didn't start to picture it like someone in the dugout like one of the coaches is Yeah, I'm at lorry on it. Oh And then the coach was like Come here and then lorry on a sprint But then he'll stop before you guys. Yeah. Yeah. Like one of the both Like Alvis No more mazara. Yeah, that's it. They'll Unique for the cubs Real got the cubs. It looks like Nice Adam. Well, yeah, man. I mean Contenders optic is a very very beautiful product the cubs angels got some models in the first box Man, this looks actually way less part in the hobby now Yeah, I guess this is what it looks like But I guess there's 12 boxes Dozer Luxe Iglesias and polumbo Texas rangers Zardo Jordan Boyd A green next stencil 99 They play Actually because the capital is playing the islanders. I forget. I forget what they're playing actually No, no, this is the east coast So it'll be Who do they play? It's having a lightning. That's right. They kind of look that's gonna be tough But then again lightning always choke too. So I don't know Robertan. Yeah, they are and we got Logan Allen autograph Believe them. Hey, you find little Oh this oh, that's right how to keep it together I said, what if they're doing like a puzzle? Complete Boba Shat Tim Anderson Tanoko Little prison, you know Luis Robert freshman flash Jeremy and do oh man. How about you? Alex young There for Lino Did you really nice Jeremy? That's awesome, man Nice nice nice Our next couple boxes here guys All right, three more boxes here guys Morzon Boba Shat Eloi Manez This last there must be a short print now garlic the Dodgers Matthew with that one Dude, I know we've been pulling so many trot one-on-ones. It's been pretty great. Oh, look at that. That's a yard on alvarez short print Very nice. Who has the huge nastros? Justin does Remember the codes on the back for short prints are I believe are three five and three four There you go. You got a short print there and a negative pool holes for the angels Boarding dog. All right guys Toronto on the power play With the winds getting across checking actually So this is it not the number one power play line on the on the ice right now, but It is still a power play Our next box and a gradder all purple for the twins Number to 250 Luis robert Robert flavor torres Entirely at a vendor Flyers did they advance to the next round Jeremy? They did right didn't they sweep? Are they really on the on the east coast? That's shocking Good for them. All right next box guys Still have another half case over there We're doing good on time though guys for reals flying through this Trout Domingo Leyva Lindros man I was a little kid when you play in the 90s, but If you didn't have those Injuries with concussions and stuff who knows Travis Demerick from 50 blue Robert and gonson Open this box for that big love Ted Williams Piece of the bat Oh, man, Peter Forrestberg. Mike is another player that just wasn't just Injuries to that foot all the time Peter Forrestberg was that's one of my brother's favorite players right there even though he played for the avalanche and Flyers and roll not It was so good I actually love the curve of this stick You guys remember still back in the day where I used to get to buy those like But the composite sticks but you like burn the the glue from the from the Blade of the stick and you put it into like the eastern stick Let it get harder than foam But I would use to get Peter Forrestberg's Blade the way you had it There's too many passes leaves too many passes Just shoot the pug Hockey is very fun to play. I play I never really played on ice. I'm always going to see it's just so expensive, but I uh, I played roller hockey I'm like West Covina. They had this roller hockey rink And league it's pretty fun Ooh nice robert refractor Have we not hit any louis robert autos yet? You were the target practice Nice little refractor and that's not too bad, right? Bradley after this I'm gonna take a quick little lunch break I have these projected times the nick is helping me when he helped me pack stack the first six boxes So I trimmed a little bit of time, but after this quick dinner break Then the score football pack break to unlock the football mixer after the football mixer The one pack break cello to unlock the basketball mixer and then after that Whatever else you guys want to sell out I have no idea. I don't even know. We pulled that to be honest. I seen it on our I've seen it on our the timeline feed Christian Yelich Out of 99 little retro Yeah, dude, you were a lot of hockey here to be honest But you're so well protected nowadays guys. Just imagine back in the day when bollocks had no helmets I mean, I don't know if people are shooting. I'm shooting the pug as hard as I was back in the day, but still Today in Betty Yeah, we'll do like their line their top line is Matthews Tavares and larner was like Those are both centers and they're in the same line three out of 50 Oscar Mercado But yeah, you're very well protected now when you're playing goalie in the NHL. Whoa. What is this? rookie all-star rookie team mark to sharer That's his rangers edition 40 out of 40 It's going to I I don't have any nice yellow. It's just no man uh bradley I don't think we saw him by the case, but it's whatever price. I mean if you bought Eight boxes, I'm sure you can just we'll send you a case if we have enough But on our website, I think we have them for 379 380 So we have them fall on our website. So if you bought eight boxes, then you did that Hobby is 260 Mike says, what do you think of joe dell play on the home run today? Yeah, I think you mentioned earlier mike. Did he did he rob a home run or did he assist on the home run? Is that what you said earlier? I know someone said that that's crazy too. Yeah, it was kind of a boring finish guy Thanks box guys Carlos Oh, I said the ball bounced off his glove and then went over the fence freshman flash Trevor story. Whoa. This guy sent him black ink What was that? They went out of a pen. It looks like a sharpie too. Yeah So who is this? Larkin or lacking sorry Collected would be so mad That's red socks when a robber I think both of those what happens tonight guys And those are like quick like 10 minute breaks like legit Only five boxes. So that full inner or full case right there is both bricks together And a queen up double a With three dots one two three Where's the reds? Matthew does Yeah, all the good teams that I've knocked out have a shot at number one pick It was rigged so it's set up that way No, they're gonna get something good, but I mean if it's really a separator from one and two Yeah, that's true All right guys last three boxes in the nick rib in the last one there real And a jerry L jr That's an orange out of 25 Yeah, I was I was projected to I don't I don't know how long I would have took for a hobby about hobby case brief But I do 45 minutes for a jumbo. So I was thinking an hour maybe but actually I feel like I might do a quicker Yeah, but nick helping out my 30 minutes right now. So Definitely cut that definitely down I don't know it's here. No, are you gonna have a customer? Think about it. Trevor Williams It's a 150. Do you not have your phone? I mean, I'm not only taking 15 minutes Mike, but yeah, maybe a nick fed me No, I don't see shit, but I know I know others would have taken a little longer Yeah, I was gonna be like this time Friggin Crumbs and stuff just falling all over your cards, but I mean if that's what you guys want All right, I'll do it That's what you guys want Drew we do those on instagram man at jasper's breaks Sean's live right now on instagram For all of your personal needs All right guys Here's the three boxes remaining guys Good luck Sam Hillard Duvall Rosarana Did you put it in the fridge after all? Logan Allen Bills Panthers Packers left in the half case of optic nice Yeah, I don't I don't see I see us doing both of those tonight. See chef And then honestly dude, I might squeeze in another Jumbo or hobby in later tonight, so We're still gonna be a little busy tonight guys But we're well ahead of schedule. So that's good. I that I do not know see chef I'll find out when I go back there to uh To go get the the case and we'll find out Very you look at that little little autograph since there's not even outside Nelson cruise purple Yeah, 17 yeah We have some 17 like personal boxes for you see chef We have some prism retail get yourself a little pat in my arms Little silver prism. I'm in taros houston box. I mean It is very pricey for sure But just think of the possibilities see chef How much does a patty mahomes ps8 10 silver go for? I mean even a base car ps8 10. What's that gonna go for? All right guys last box Give me the exact number adam. What is too much? new chang 8.2 k for ps8 10 damn That is crazy I knew it was like at least five but not eight Any color ps8 any color prisms for mahomes it's over It's crazy already and nick solak orange autograph for texas Five out of 25 That's kind of funny though, right see chef. I mean I personally would take a numbered card, but it's just the silver is just so iconic now, you know It's like the type of rookie variation to have Besides, you know, obviously having the base, but you're just like I want the silver Well, honestly, I think our box price for prism is pretty solid for retail You got a orange edam and reels for the Dodgers And Kyle Lewis, did we get two autographs in here? No, right? seattle mariners Josh melton with the mariners Right at the end last hit All right, there you go guys. Let's set up a little hit recap video Very nice very nice. I feel like we got a lot of real bears in a hobby a lot So again, these are all the refractors rookies No variations and sorry not this one here Not the one I was trying to show This one right here So all the rookies Why is there an autograph right there?  Oh, there's another one there. All these would be top loaded Right there and it's a huge stack guys Wife was just gonna pick up something. I forgot what it was, but just something quick What's up, Arthur? How's it going, man? How's how's az? I'll be there next week, Arthur.  You got reels orange. Chang green Rolls-Reyna purple. Williams blue Giorgio orange. Trevor story negative. Gold Mercado A green yellow, which is number two 99 Iglesias green Rodgers negative Pujols Anderson. Nice, Arthur Tim Anderson blue stencil green and negative Sean Murphy. That's a rookie as well So those are the colors that will be top loaded and then let me quickly top of these autographs, but Here you go. Here was the actually let me show you this. So we had one short print guys Jordan Alvarez short print Lost two digits of three five But these are all the Robert's Robert unfortunately gonna get an autograph again, but 235th anniversary ones Did I miss one? Yeah, I'll look for that then. Thank you, man Robert Freshman flash and one two three four five base and then one refractor So not bad for the white socks. It does add up All right, cool. I'll take a look at that right now. Yeah, and then here were the autographs I'm in Taros I'm Bray Yukino Solak orange cow Lewis Bayez Hillard post There's another rubber. It's actually there's six base Duggar, this guy signed with a Sharpie looks like Lackens uh, Ted Williams piece of the bat Nico Horner marches her all star rookie team to 40 Gonsolin dammer blue Alexander gradual uh purple Fraley garlic Alex young Tinoco Colombo Logan Allen Rodriguez and Nico Horner refractor and actually guys ea saying we might have missed a judge Judge uh Variation, let me take a look Hey making a catcher. I'm at. Thank you. I'll look for this right now It's like a show to you guys some variations are easy to catch and then some of them are pretty tough but For the most part It's usually one per case at least right? But if we got two in this case, that's not bad But if I can't find it here for some reason ea I'll make sure to note it on the sheet for the shipping team. So when they sort it out and they sort it out into the teams So definitely pull it out That's the case so that'll be for Renee But I should find it you're saying a fourth box Should be somewhere in the first column right here Oh Wow It is a gold as well Six out of 50. I must have just passed that like nothing That is awesome. Good eye. Yeah, I mean the shipping team would have caught the gold for sure but Nice And yes, it is a short print as the code is three five So the code that ends in three five guys is also a short print So for anybody that wants to look for short prints in their boxes Very nice. Thank you, man. So that was cool. So that means we got two short prints in here guys It's pretty nice And the short from was numbered So there you go guys, that was the recap as well for 2020 tops chrome hobby 12 box case break picker teams number five on our website number six is really close guys So let's get that rolling Two short prints jazby's case breaks.com