What Filipino playright wrote a zarzuela about the archipelago that Ferdinand Magellan claimed for the king of Spain on Easter Sunday, 32 March, 1521?
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Walang Sugat Walang Sugat (literally, "no wound" or "unwounded") is an 1898 Tagalog-language zarzuela (a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that includes music, singing, and poetry) written by Filipino playwright Severino Reyes. The music for the original version of the play was written by Filipino composer Fulgencio Tolentino. "Walang Sugat" was written when the zarzuela became a "potent means" of expressing Filipino nationalism during the Spanish Occupation of the Philippines that followed three centuries of Spanish rule.
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History of the Philippines (1521–1898) Although the archipelago may have been visited before by the Portuguese (who conquered Malacca City in 1511 and reached Maluku Islands in 1512 ), the earliest documented European expedition to the Philippines was that led by Ferdinand Magellan, in the service of the king of Spain. The expedition first sighted the mountains of Samar at dawn on the 16th March 1521, making landfall the following day at the small, uninhabited island of Homonhon at the mouth of the Leyte Gulf. On Easter Sunday, 31 March 1521, at Limasawa Island, Southern Leyte, as is stated in Pigafetta's Primo Viaggio Intorno El Mondo (First Voyage Around the World), Magellan solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed for the king of Spain possession of the islands he had seen, naming them "Archipelago of Saint Lazarus".
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Julián Cruz Balmaceda Julián Cruz Balmaceda (sometimes spelled as "Balmaseda") (January 28, 1885–September 18, 1947) was a Filipino poet, essayist, playwright, novelist, journalist and linguist. He made several works written in Tagalog, English and Spanish languages.
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La Conquista (opera) La Conquista (also known as Montezuma) is an opera in two acts by Lorenzo Ferrero set to a trilingual libretto by the composer and Frances Karttunen, based on a concept by Alessandro Baricco. It depicts the major episodes of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521 and the subsequent destruction of the Aztec civilization. The libretto (English-Spanish-Nahuatl) is a blend of historical and literary sources drawn from transcriptions of indigenous and European literature, both kept, with some exceptions, in their original languages. The texts are taken from "The Truthful History of the Conquest of New Spain" by Bernal Díaz del Castillo, the Book XII of the "Florentine Codex", the works of Juan Boscán Almogáver, Bernardino de Sahagún, Lope de Vega, Heinrich Heine, and from Aztec prayers, songs and poems as collected in "Cantares Mexicanos" and "Romances de los señores de Nueva España".
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Enrique Gaspar y Rimbau Enrique Lucio Eugenio Gaspar y Rimbau (2 March 1842 in Madrid – 7 September 1902 in Oloron) was a Spanish diplomat and writer, who wrote plays, "zarzuelas" (light operas), and novels including the first story involving time travel using a machine.
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Loaísa expedition The Loaísa expedition was a 16th-century voyage of discovery to the Pacific Ocean, commanded by Garcia Jofre de Loaísa (1490 – 20 July 1526) and ordered by King Charles I of Spain to colonize the Spice Islands in the East Indies. The seven-ship fleet sailed from La Coruña (Spain) in July 1525 and became the second naval expedition to cross the Pacific Ocean in history, after Magellan-Elcano's voyage. The expedition resulted in the discovery of the Sea of Hoces, south of Cape Horn and, the Marshall Islands in the Pacific. One ship ultimately arrived in the Spice Islands on New Year's Day of 1527.
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Bankaw revolt The Bankaw revolt (1621–1622) was a religious up rising against Spanish colonial rule led by Bankaw or Bancao, datu of Limasawa, Carigara, Abuyog, Sogod (now part of southern Leyte). He warmly accepted Miguel Lopez de Legazpi when he arrived in the Philippines in 1565, and was converted as a Christian. Being hospitable toward de Legazpi and his men, he received a letter of gratitude from the Spanish King, Philip II. He also received a gift from the king in recognition of his grandfather's hospitality to Ferdinand Magellan. Though he was one of the first converts of Catholicism under de Legazpi, he left his faith and allegiance to the Spanish after around fifty years. Together with a babaylan named Pagali and his children, he built a temple for a diwata, and he incited people from six towns to participate in the revolt. It is believed that Pagali used some magic to attract followers, and thought that they could turn the Spaniards into clay by hurling bits of earth at them.
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Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias is an epic poem written in the late sixteenth century by Juan de Castellanos.
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Philippine Spanish Philippine Spanish (Spanish: "español filipino, castellano filipino" ) is a variant of standard Spanish spoken in the Philippines mostly by Spanish Filipinos. Since the independence of the Philippines from Spain (1898), the dialect has lost most of its speakers and it might be now close to disappearing.
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Obando Church The Obando Church, also known as the San Pascual de Baylon Parish Church, is a Roman Catholic church located in the municipality of Obando in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. Founded by Franciscan missionaries, under the Spanish flag, it is the venue of the three-day Obando Fertility Rites held annually in honor of three patron saints, namely: St. Pascual Baylon, St. Claire of Assisi and Our Lady of Salambao, a celebration that was mentioned by Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero, in the pages of his Spanish-language novel, the "Noli Me Tangere" (in "Chapter 6: Captain Tiago"). During the month of May, parishioners and other devotees perform the three-day Obando Dance (formerly known as the "Kasilonawan", now locally called "Sayaw sa Obando", literally "the dance in Obando") inside the church, followed by a street procession.
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Spanish West Indies The Spanish West Indies or Spanish Antilles (also known as "Las Antillas Occidentales" or simply "Antillas Españolas" in Spanish) was the former name of the Spanish colonies in the Caribbean. It became a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain when the viceroyalty was created in 1535.
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Giyera Giyera (Tagalog for War) is a musical play written and composed by Music Director: Henry Torres of Music Repertoire in Pinole, California. The story is set around the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II. Giyera is an original musical play set in a small Filipino village during the Japanese invasion, and is written in opera style (zarzuela), with no dialogue - the story is told completely through song. It was created with the dual purpose of providing local youth with the experience of theater and performance, while celebrating Filipino culture in a way that is accessible to a mainstream audience.
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Republic of Zamboanga The Republic of Zamboanga, officially known as La Independiente República de Zamboanga, was a short-lived sovereign republic, founded by General Vicente Alvarez with his Zamboangueño Revolutionary Forces after the Spanish government in Zamboanga officially surrendered and turned over Real Fuerza de Nuestra Señora La Virgen del Pilar de Zaragoza to Gen. Vicente Álvarez in May 1899. On 28 May 1899, Gen. Vicente Álvarez proclaimed independence and became the first and last genuinely elected president of the republic.
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Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas Don Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, 3rd Duke of Rivas (Spanish: "Ángel de Saavedra y Ramírez de Baquedano, Duque de Rivas" ) (10 March 179122 June 1865), was a Spanish poet, dramatist and politician born in Córdoba. He is best known for his play "Don Álvaro; o, La fuerza del sino" (1835), the first romantic success in the Spanish theater.
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Zarzuela Zarzuela (] ) is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes, the latter incorporating operatic and popular song, as well as dance. The etymology of the name is uncertain, but some propose it may derive from the name of a Royal hunting lodge, the "Palacio de la Zarzuela" near Madrid, where, allegedly, this type of entertainment was first presented to the court. The palace was named after the place called "La Zarzuela" because of the profusion of brambles ("zarzas") that grew there, and so the festivities held within the walls became known as "Zarzuelas".
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Teatro Guimerá Teatro Guimerá is a theatre located in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, the capital city of the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands (Spain). Built in 1849, it is the oldest theater in the Canary Islands. In 1923 it was named after the writer, poet and playwright Ángel Guimerá, born in Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
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List of Philippine place names of Spanish origin As a result of more than three centuries of Spanish dominance in the islands that are now the republic of the Philippines, an overwhelming number of places in the country have Spanish or Hispanic names. As with Filipino surnames and many other aspects of Filipino culture, place names in the Philippines have received a great deal of Spanish influence, with many places in the former Spanish colony having been named after those in Spain and Latin America. The name "Philippines" itself originated from its old official name "Filipinas" in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish language has also become one of the country's official languages from the late 16th century until 1986 when it was designated as a voluntary language and it remains so to this day.
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Francisco Balagtas Francisco Baltazar (born Francisco Balagtas y de la Cruz; April 2, 1788 – February 20, 1862), also known as Francisco Balagtas, was a prominent Filipino poet, and is widely considered one of the greatest Filipino literary laureates for his impact on Filipino literature. The famous epic, "Florante at Laura", is regarded as his defining work.
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La Nueva España (composition) La Nueva España is a set of six symphonic poems by Lorenzo Ferrero written between 1990 and 1999, which is dedicated to the Spanish conquest of Mexico (once called the New Spain) in 1519-21. The suite can be considered a kind of preparatory study to the opera "La Conquista" (Prague National Theatre, 2005). This story - says the composer - is of great relevance and reminds us that cultural diversity is a precious asset that must not be squandered.
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Alonso Fernández de Lugo Javier Alonso Luis Fernández de Lugo (died 1525) was a Spanish military man, conquistador, city founder, and administrator. He conquered the islands of La Palma (1492–1493) and Tenerife (1494–1496) for the Castilian Crown; they were the last of the Canary Islands to be conquered by Europeans. He was also the founder of the towns of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Santa Cruz de La Palma. One biographer has written that his personality was a “terrible mixture of cruelty and ambition or greed, on one part, and on the other a great capacity and sense for imposing order and government on conquered lands,” a trait found in the conquistadors of the New World.
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Maguindanao language Maguindanaon is an Austronesian language spoken by majority of the population of Maguindanao province in the Philippines. It is also spoken by sizable minorities in different parts of Mindanao such as the cities of Zamboanga, Davao, and General Santos, and the provinces of North Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, as well as Metro Manila. This was the language of the historic Sultanate of Maguindanao, which existed before and during the Spanish colonial period from 1500–1888.
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Hermogenes Ilagan Hermogenes Ilagan (born 19 April 1873 in Bigaa, Bulacan – died on 27 February 1943) was a Filipino tenor, writer, stage actor, and playwright. He is a descendant of Francisco Baltazar. His talent in singing made him popular in the field of theater arts. Because of Ilagan's talent in acting and singing, he became known as the Father of Tagalog Zarzuela and the Father of Philippine Zarzuela.