What Prussian General gained notoriety during the Rape of Belgium?
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Max von Bahrfeldt Max Ferdinand Bahrfeldt, ennobled as von Bahrfeldt in 1913 (February 6, 1856, Willmine, District of Templin, Uckermark – April 11, 1936, Halle an der Saale) was a royal Prussian General of the infantry, a local historian, and a numismatist of world renown. In the anglophone and francophone world, however, he was also notorious as the alleged perpetrator of atrocities in Charleroi, Belgium, during the German invasion of 1914.
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Rape of Belgium The Rape of Belgium was the German mistreatment of civilians during the invasion and subsequent occupation of Belgium during World War I. The term initially had a propaganda use but recent historiography confirms its reality. One modern author uses it more narrowly to describe a series of German war crimes in the opening months of the war (August–September 1914).
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Alexander von Falkenhausen Alexander Ernst Alfred Hermann Freiherr von Falkenhausen (29 October 1878 – 31 July 1966) was a German general and a pardoned war criminal. He was an important figure during the Sino-German cooperation to reform the Chinese Army. During World War II Germany ended its support for China and Falkenhausen was forced to withdraw from China. Back in Europe he later became the head of the Nazi military government of Belgium from 1940–44 during its German occupation. He was responsible for ordering the execution of hostages and deportations of Jews in Belgium.
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Johann-Georg Richert Johann-Georg Richert (14 April 1890 – 30 January 1946) was a German general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He commanded the 286th Security Division whose personnel committed numerous war crimes in occupied Belarus, in the rear of Army Group Center.
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Battle of Hohenfriedberg The Battle of Hohenfriedberg or "Hohenfriedeberg", now Dobromierz, also known as the battle of Striegau, now Strzegom, was one of Frederick the Great's most admired victories. Frederick's Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine on 4 June 1745 during the Second Silesian War (part of the War of the Austrian Succession).
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Antoine Chanzy Antoine Eugène Alfred Chanzy (18 March 18234 January 1883) was a French general, notable for his successes during the Franco-Prussian War and as a governor of Algeria.
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Pierre Belon Lapisse Pierre Belon Lapisse, Baron de Sainte-Hélène (25 November 1762 – 30 July 1809) commanded an infantry division in Napoleon's armies and was fatally wounded fighting against the British in the Peninsular War. He enlisted in the French Army during the reign of Louis XVI and fought in the American Revolutionary War. Appointed an officer at the start of the French Revolutionary Wars, he rose in rank to become a general officer by 1799. From 1805 to 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars, he led a brigade in the Grande Armée at Dornbirn, Jena, Kołoząb, Golymin, and Eylau. After promotion he commanded a division in the thick of the action at Friedland in 1807.
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Ferdinand von Quast Alexander Ferdinand Ludolf von Quast (18 October 1850 – 27 March 1939 in Potsdam) was a Prussian military officer, participant in the Franco-Prussian War and a general in the First World War. He ordered the German 6th Army during the Battle of the Lys of the Spring Offensive in 1918.
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Ewald von Lochow Ewald von Lochow (1 April 1855 in Petkus – 11 April 1942 in Berlin-Charlottenburg) was a Prussian officer and later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite with Oakleaves.
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Ernst Gideon von Laudon Baron Ernst Gideon von Laudon (German: "Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon" (originally "Laudohn" or "Loudon") (2 February 1717 – 14 July 1790) was an Austrian generalisimo, one of the most successful opponents of the Prussian king Frederick the Great, allegedly lauded by Alexander Suvorov as his teacher. He served the position of military governorship of Habsburg Serbia from his capture of Belgrade in 1789 until his death, cooperating with the resistance fighters of Koča Anđelković.
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Fortified Position of Namur The fortified position of Namur ("position fortifiée de Namur" (PFN)) was established by Belgium following World War I to fortify the traditional invasion corridor between Germany and France through Belgium. The position incorporated the fortress ring of Namur, originally designed by Belgian General Henri Alexis Brialmont to deter an invasion of Belgium by France. The old fortifications consisted of nine forts built between 1888 and 1892 on either side of the Meuse, surrounding Namur. In the years immediately prior to World War II the forts were modernized to address shortcomings exposed during the 1914 Battle of Liège and the short siege of Namur. While the Namur defenses continued to nominally deter France from violating Belgium's neutrality, the seven upgraded forts were intended as a backstop to the fortified position of Liège, which was designed to prevent a second German incursion into Belgium on the way to France. The neutrality policy and fortification programs failed, and the Namur forts saw brief combat during the Battle of Belgium in 1940.
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Auguste Hirschauer André Auguste Édouard Hirschauer (16 June 1857 in Saint-Avold, Moselle, France – 27 December 1943 in Versailles, Yvelines, France). He was a French lieutenant general in the First World War and from 1920 to 1936 representatives of Lorraine in the Senate.
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Constantin von Alvensleben Reimar Constantin von Alvensleben (26 August 1809 – 28 March 1892) was a Prussian (and later Imperial German) general.
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Wilhelm Keitel Wilhelm Keitel (22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal who served as Chief of the Armed Forces High Command ("Oberkommando der Wehrmacht" or OKW) in Nazi Germany during World War II. According to David Stahel, Keitel was "well known and [...] reviled as Hitler's dependable mouthpiece and habitual yes-man" among his military colleagues.
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Jean Baptiste van Merlen Major General Jean Baptiste Baron van Merlen (Antwerp, 15 April 1773 – Battle of Waterloo, 18 June 1815) was a Dutch-Belgian army officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars. He was a Knight and Officer of the Legion of Honour.
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Jules Bastin (soldier) Jules A. G. Bastin (1889 - December 1, 1944) was an officer in the Belgian army during World War I. The Germans captured him during the invasion of Belgium in 1914. He became famous during his captivity for repeated escape attempts. He eventually succeeded on his tenth try.
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Meno Burg Meno Burg (9 October 1789 – 26 August 1853), also referred to as Judenmajor ("Jew major"), was a Prussian field officer. Burg reached the highest rank ever attained by a Jew in the Prussian Army of the 19th century. However, his military career is also an example for the discrimination against Jews in Prussian government service.
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Georges Mouton Georges Mouton, comte de Lobau (21 February 1770 – 27 November 1838) was a French soldier and political figure who rose to the rank of Marshal of France.
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Karl Freiherr von Müffling Friedrich Karl Ferdinand Freiherr von Müffling, called Weiss (12 June 177510 January 1851) was a Prussian "Generalfeldmarschall" and military theorist. He served as Blücher's liaison officer in Wellington's headquarters during the Battle of Waterloo and was one of the organizers of the final victory over Napoleon. After the wars he served a diplomatic role at the Congress of Aix-la-Chappelle and was a major contributor to the development of the Prussian General Staff as Chief. Müffling also specialized in military topography and cartography.
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Karl von der Gröben Karl von der Gröben (17 September 1788 – 13 July 1876) was a Prussian general.
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Erich von Falkenhayn General Erich Georg Anton von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 – 8 April 1922) was the Chief of the German General Staff during the First World War from September 1914 until 29 August 1916. He was removed in the late summer of 1916 after the failure at the battle of Verdun, the opening of the Allied offensive on the Somme, the Brusilov Offensive and the entry of Romania into the war. He was later given important field commands in Romania and Syria. His reputation as a war leader was attacked in Germany during and after the war, especially by the faction which supported Hindenburg. Falkenhayn held that Germany could not win the war by a decisive battle but would have to reach a compromise peace; his enemies said he lacked the resolve necessary to win a decisive victory. Falkenhayn's relations with the Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg were troubled and undercut Falkenhayn's plans.
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François Fournier-Sarlovèze François Louis Fournier-Sarlovèze (6 September 1773 Sarlat, France – 18 January 1827) was a French general of the Napoleonic Wars. He was known as "the worst subject of the Grande Armée."