The relation that describes an instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid is named after which British physicist who passed away in 1975?
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Rayleigh–Taylor instability The Rayleigh–Taylor instability, or RT instability (after Lord Rayleigh and G. I. Taylor), is an instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid. Examples include the behavior of water suspended above oil in the gravity of Earth, mushroom clouds like those from volcanic eruptions and atmospheric nuclear explosions, supernova explosions in which expanding core gas is accelerated into denser shell gas, instabilities in plasma fusion reactors and inertial confinement fusion.
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G. I. Taylor Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor OM (7 March 1886 – 27 June 1975) was a British physicist and mathematician, and a major figure in fluid dynamics and wave theory. His biographer and one-time student, George Batchelor, described him as "one of the most notable scientists of this (the 20th) century".
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Knott's equations In geophysics, Knott's equations were the first equations to describe the amplitudes of reflected and refracted waves generated at non-normal incidence upon an interface. They were derived in 1899 by the British geophysicist Cargill Gilston Knott using displacement potential functions and describe the same phenomenon that the Zoeppritz equations describe in terms of amplitude displacements.
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Sediment–water interface In oceanography and limnology, the sediment–water interface is the boundary between bed sediment and the overlying water column. The topography of this interface is often dynamic, as it is affected by physical processes (e.g. currents causing rippling or resuspension) and biological processes (e.g. bioturbation generating mounds or trenches).
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Napier Shaw Sir William Napier Shaw FRS, (March 4, 1854 – March 23, 1945), was a British meteorologist. He introduced the air pressure unit "millibar", as well as the tephigram, a diagram of temperature changes.
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Pascal's law Pascal's law (also Pascal's principle or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure) is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that a pressure change occurring anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere. The law was established by French mathematician Blaise Pascal in 1647–48.
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Hunter Rouse Hunter Rouse (March 29, 1906 – October 16, 1996) was a hydraulician known for his research on the mechanics of fluid turbulence.
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Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli FRS ( ; ] ; 8 February 1700 – 17 March 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics. His name is commemorated in the Bernoulli's principle, a particular example of the conservation of energy, which describes the mathematics of the mechanism underlying the operation of two important technologies of the 20th century: the carburetor and the airplane wing.
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Peter Bradshaw (aeronautical engineer) Peter Bradshaw FRS (born 26 December 1935) is an aeronautical engineer specialising in fluid mechanics.
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Peter Higgs Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh, and Nobel Prize laureate for his work on the mass of subatomic particles.
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Landau–Hopf theory of turbulence In physics, the Landau–Hopf theory of turbulence, named for Lev Landau and Eberhard Hopf, was until the mid-1970s the accepted theory of how a fluid flow becomes turbulent. The theory says that as a fluid flows faster, it develops more and more Fourier modes. At first a few modes dominate, but under stronger forcing the modes become power-law distributed, as in Kolmogorov's theory of turbulence.
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Maxwell material A Maxwell material is a viscoelastic material having the properties both of elasticity and viscosity. It is named for James Clerk Maxwell who proposed the model in 1867. It is also known as a Maxwell fluid.
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Howard Brenner Howard Brenner (16 March 1929 – 17 February 2014) was a professor emeritus of chemical engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research profoundly influenced the field of fluid dynamics, and his research contribution to fundamental principles of fluid dynamics has been deeply honored.
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Maxwell relations Maxwell's relations are a set of equations in thermodynamics which are derivable from the symmetry of second derivatives and from the definitions of the thermodynamic potentials. These relations are named for the nineteenth-century physicist James Clerk Maxwell.
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Segré–Silberberg effect The Segré–Silberberg effect is a fluid dynamic separation effect where a dilute suspension of neutrally buoyant particles flowing (in laminar flow) in a tube equilibrates at a distance of 0.6R from the tube's centre. This effect was first observed by Segré and Silberberg. The solid particles are subjected to both viscous drag forces and inertial lift forces. The drag forces are responsible for driving particles along the ﬂow streamlines, whereas the inertial forces are responsible for the lateral migration of particles across the ﬂow streamlines. The parabolic nature of the laminar velocity proﬁle in Poiseuille ﬂow produces a shear-induced inertial lift force that drives particles towards the channel walls. As particles migrate closer to the channel walls, the flow around the particle induces a pressure increase between the particle and the wall which prevents particles of moving closer. The opposing lift forces are dependent on the particle diameter to channel diameter
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Darcy's law Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium. The law was formulated by Henry Darcy based on the results of experiments on the flow of water through beds of sand, forming the basis of hydrogeology, a branch of earth sciences.
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John Clayton Taylor John Clayton Taylor {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 4 August 1930) is a British mathematical physicist. He is an Emeritus Professor of Mathematical Physics at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of the University of Cambridge and an Emeritus Fellow of Robinson College.
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Osborne Reynolds Osborne Reynolds FRS ( ; 23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was a prominent innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser design. He spent his entire career at what is now called University of Manchester.
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James Hough James Hough OBE FRS FRSE FInstP FAPS FRAS, also known as Jim Hough, is a British physicist and an international leader in the search for gravitational waves.
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Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley Professor Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (4 March 1915 – 27 March 2017), better known as Neville Temperley, was an applied mathematician who made numerous contributions to the fields of statistical mechanics, graph theory and the physics of liquids and gases. He was awarded the title Doctor of Science as a fellow of King's College Cambridge, before working for the Admiralty on numerical modelling of underwater explosions during World War 2. He continued his work on the physical properties of liquids at the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston until 1965.
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Laplace pressure The Laplace pressure is the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of a curved surface that forms the boundary between a gas region and a liquid region. The pressure difference is caused by the surface tension of the interface between liquid and gas.
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Richard Keith Ellis Richard Keith Ellis (born November 17, 1949) is a British theoretical physicist, at the University of Durham and a leading authority on perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics and Collider Phenomenology.