When was the economic ideology that created the framework for social credit developed?
4b394392128c1ee93d5b1d7f17896f90
Social credit Social credit is an interdisciplinary distributive philosophy developed by C. H. Douglas (1879–1952), a British engineer, who published a book by that name in 1924. It encompasses economics, political science, history, and accounting. Its policies are designed, according to Douglas, to disperse economic and political power to individuals. Douglas wrote, "Systems were made for men, and not men for systems, and the interest of man which is self-development, is above all systems, whether theological, political or economic." Douglas said that Social Crediters want to build a new civilization based upon "absolute economic security" for the individual, where "they shall sit every man under his vine and under his fig tree; and none shall make them afraid." In his words, "what we really demand of existence is not that we shall be put into somebody else's Utopia, but we shall be put in a position to construct a Utopia of our own."
06211b015a01d2e88e4906fdb09f9164
Distributism Distributism (also known as distributionism or distributivism) is an economic ideology that developed in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th century based upon the principles of Catholic social teaching, especially the teachings of Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical "Rerum novarum" and Pope Pius XI in "Quadragesimo anno". Many Christian Democratic political parties have advocated for distributism in their economic policies.
16c2951d0c269ca6397fde5e7c16de0b
Populism in Canada Populism in Canada refers to the phenomenon of populist political ideology in Canada. Populism has been a particularly strong phenomenon in Western Canada and Quebec as promoted by the provincial Social Credit parties in the West and Quebec and the Social Credit Party of Canada; and the Reform Party of Canada.
df385a4e9f7141858b7c2bce41d9b2f9
Fordism Fordism describes modern economic and social systems based on industrialized, standardized mass production and mass consumption. The concept is named for Henry Ford. It is used in social, economic, and management theory about production, working conditions, consumption, and related phenomena, especially regarding the 20th century.
bf19de024f41f1381fd981962b05a1a7
Structure–conduct–performance paradigm The structure–conduct–performance (SCP) paradigm, first published by economists Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson in 1933, and developed by Joe S. Bain is a model in Industrial Organization Economics which offers a causal theoretical explanation for firm performance through economic conduct on incomplete markets.
275752141fe6a6a4ad8da79c1afde3b9
Historical materialism Historical materialism is a methodological approach of Marxist historiography that focuses on human societies and their development over time. This was first articulated by Karl Marx (1818–1883) as the materialist conception of history. It is principally a theory of history according to which the material conditions of a society's way of producing and reproducing the means of human existence or, in Marxist terms, the union of its productive capacity and social relations of production, fundamentally determine its organization and development.
ee8051d2d7409cb61e3e00d07f3ad665
Credit theory of money Credit theories of money (also called debt theories of money) are theories concerning the relationship between credit and money. Proponents of these theories, such as Alfred Mitchell-Innes, sometimes emphasize that money and credit/debt are the same thing, seen from different points of view. Proponents assert that the essential nature of money is credit (debt), at least in eras where money is not backed by a commodity such as gold. Two common strands of thought within these theories are the idea that money originated as a unit of account for debt, and the position that money creation involves the simultaneous creation of money and debt. Some proponents of credit theories of money argue that money is best understood as debt even in systems often understood as using commodity money. Others hold that money equates to credit only in a system based on fiat money, where they argue that all forms of money including cash can be considered as forms of credit money.
d47ea8e9aac22ddb8655ad083449d850
C. H. Douglas Major Clifford Hugh "C. H." Douglas MIMechE, MIEE (20 January 1879 – 29 September 1952), was a British engineer and pioneer of the Social Credit economic reform movement.
e0c033d45f6d1b92e739a0c1605cebb6
Communist party A communist party is a political party that advocates the application of the social and economic principles of communism through state policy. The name originates from the 1848 tract "Manifesto of the Communist Party" by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
b6c5e26b5f0645e1fa55ba4d900e8349
Social ecology Social ecology is a critical social theory founded by American anarchist and libertarian socialist author Murray Bookchin. Conceptualized as a critique of current social, political, and anti-ecological trends, it espouses a reconstructive, ecological, communitarian, and ethical approach to society. This version advocates a reconstructive and transformative outlook on social and environmental issues, and promotes a directly democratic, confederal politics. As a body of ideas, social ecology envisions a moral economy that moves beyond scarcity and hierarchy, toward a world that reharmonizes human communities with the natural world, while celebrating diversity, creativity and freedom. Bookchin suggests that the roots of current ecological and social problems can be traced to hierarchical modes of social organization. Social ecologists claim that the systemic issue of hierarchy cannot be resisted by individual actions alone such as ethical consumerism but must be addressed by more nuanced ethical thinking and collective activity grounded in radically democratic ideals. The complexity of relationships between people and nature is emphasized, along with the importance of establishing more mutualistic social structures that take account of this.
0ed8e9c5637f4abf55f694c073801320
Keynesian economics Keynesian economics ( ; or Keynesianism) are the various theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total spending in the economy). In the Keynesian view, aggregate demand does not necessarily equal the productive capacity of the economy; instead, it is influenced by a host of factors and sometimes behaves erratically, affecting production, employment, and inflation.
3ec0cb24ba406d91bbed19fd451ace51
Social Darwinism The term Social Darwinism is used to refer to various ways of thinking and theories that emerged in the second half of the 19th century and tried to apply the evolutionary concept of natural selection to human society. The term itself emerged in the 1880s, and it gained widespread currency when used after 1944 by opponents of these ways of thinking. The majority of those who have been categorised as social Darwinists did not identify themselves by such a label.
e9977592b7853c8f1d29d7f6589d08f0
Liberal welfare reforms The Liberal welfare reforms (1906–1914) were a series acts of social legislation passed by the British Liberal Party after the 1906 General Election. They represent the emergence of the modern welfare state in Great Britain. The reforms demonstrate the split that had emerged within liberalism, between modern liberalism and classical liberalism, and a change in direction for the Liberal Party from "laissez-faire", traditional liberalism to a party advocating a larger, more active government protecting the welfare of its citizens. G.R. Searle argues that the outburst of activity had multiple causes:
eef78f464ed785983908e6e74e49b320
Gremialismo Gremialismo, or guildism, is a social, political and economic ideology, inspired in the Catholic social teachings, which claims that every correct social order should base itself in intermediary societies between the persons and the state, which are created and managed in freedom and the order should serve the purposes for which they were created and no other.
ecc035bf4043faf050a93bf9e8099fa5
Social ownership Social ownership refers to the various forms of ownership for the means of production in
bbc9ddaea8356aaeccf51eede43fc6e2
Institutional economics Institutional economics focuses on understanding the role of the evolutionary process and the role of institutions in shaping economic behaviour. Its original focus lay in Thorstein Veblen's instinct-oriented dichotomy between technology on the one side and the "ceremonial" sphere of society on the other. Its name and core elements trace back to a 1919 "American Economic Review" article by Walton H. Hamilton.
ad39cc78254aab8fffd703b8c14ec3b2
Chinese economic reform The Chinese economic reform () refers to the program of economic reforms termed "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China, led by Deng Xiaoping.
9f0299138e57f2571dd4cae3f6aa1d2b
Consumerism Consumerism is a social and economic order and ideology that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. With the industrial revolution, but particularly in the 20th century, mass production led to an economic crisis: there was overproduction – the supply of goods would grow beyond consumer demand, and so manufacturers turned to planned obsolescence and advertising to increase consumer spending. Early criticism of consumerism was in the works of Thorstein Veblen in 1899, which examined the middle class emerging at the turn of the 20th century,
2ba56ea9861b35cbb775d1b4be7a4420
Ethical socialism Ethical socialism is a political philosophy that appeals to socialism on ethical and moral grounds as opposed to economic, egoistic, and consumeristic grounds. It emphasizes the need for a morally conscious economy based upon the principles of service, cooperation, and social justice while opposing possessive individualism. Therefore, in contrast to socialism inspired by rationalism, historical materialism, neoclassical economics and Marxist theory which base their appeals for socialism on grounds of economic efficiency, rationality, or historical inevitability; ethical socialism focuses on the moral and ethical reasons for advocating socialism.
445e7b05cffab39907518a2b30821e10
Australian League of Rights The Australian League of Rights is a far-right political organisation in Australia. It was founded by Eric Butler in South Australia in 1946, and organised nationally in 1960, with principles based on the economic theory of Social Credit expounded by C. H. Douglas. The league describes itself as upholding the virtues of freedom, with stated values of "loyalty to God, Queen and Country".
3f8e039bb7e548977a144bb963a4449a
Physiocracy Physiocracy (from the Greek for "government of nature") is an economic theory developed by a group of 18th century Enlightenment French economists who believed that the wealth of nations was derived solely from the value of "land agriculture" or "land development" and that agricultural products should be highly priced. Their theories originated in France and were most popular during the second half of the 18th century. Physiocracy is perhaps the first well-developed theory of economics.
bfd04efb0de26bd9c48a252b7ff66b7e
Pension Credit Pension Credit is the principal element of the UK welfare system for people of pension age. It is intended to supplement the UK State Pension. It was introduced in the UK in 2003 by Gordon Brown, then Chancellor of the Exchequer (and subsequently Prime Minister). It has been subject to a number of changes over its existence, but has the core aim of lifting retired people of limited means out of poverty.