What type of drug is Oxandrolone that was found in the system of  Cinthya Domínguez in 2015?
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Cinthya Domínguez Cinthya Domínguez (born 1982-10-29) is a female weightlifter from Mexico. She won the silver medal at the 2007 Pan American Games for her native North American country in the – 69 kg weight division. In 2015 Domínguez was suspended after she failed a drug test (found trace of Oxandrolone).
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Oxandrolone Oxandrolone (brand names Oxandrin, Anavar, Lonavar, others), is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) that first became available as a prescription drug in the United States in 1964. It is a 17α-methylated derivative of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) that has an oxygen atom in place of the carbon at the 2 position.
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Methylenedioxypyrovalerone Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a stimulant of the cathinone class which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim. MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004 when it was reportedly sold as a designer drug. Products labeled as bath salts containing MDPV were previously sold as recreational drugs in gas stations and convenience stores in the United States, similar to the marketing for Spice and K2 as incense.
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1-Androsterone 1-Androsterone (also known as 1-andro, 1-dehydroepiandrosterone, 1-DHEA, δ-epiandrosterone, or 5α-androst-1-en-3β-ol-17-one) is a synthetic, orally active anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS). It is an androgen prohormone of 1-testosterone (dihydroboldenone), 1-androstenedione, and other 1-dehydrogenated androstanes. The drug has been sold on the Internet as a designer steroid and "dietary supplement". It is a positional isomer of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA; 5-dehydroepiandrosterone).
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Obeticholic acid Obeticholic acid (abbreviated to OCA, trade name Ocaliva), is a semi-synthetic bile acid analogue which has the chemical structure 6α-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid. It is used as a drug to treat primary biliary cholangitis, and is undergoing development for several other liver diseases and related disorders. Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc. hold the worldwide rights to develop OCA outside Japan and China, where it is licensed to Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma.
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Acetylmethadol Acetylmethadol, also known as methadyl acetate, is a synthetic opioid analgesic. It is a racemic mixture of alphacetylmethadol (α-acetylmethadol) and betacetylmethadol (β-acetylmethadol), which are in turn racemic mixtures of levacetylmethadol (LAAM; -α-acetylmethadol) and -α-acetylmethadol and -β-acetylmethadol and -β-acetylmethadol, respectively. Hence, acetylmethadol has four possible optical isomers. All of these isomers have been shown to partially or fully substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of heroin in rats, and thus it can be inferred that, in addition to LAAM which is used clinically as such, they are all likely to be active opioid analgesics in humans.
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Estrapronicate Estrapronicate (INN), also known as estradiol 17-nicotinate 3-propionate is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen and estradiol ester that was never marketed. It was studied as a component of the experimental tristeroid combination drug Trophobolene, which contained nandrolone decanoate, estrapronicate, and hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate.
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Zilpaterol Zilpaterol (zilpaterol hydrochloride; codenamed RU 42173) is a β adrenergic agonist. Under its trade name, Zilmax, it is used to increase the size of cattle and the efficiency of feeding them. Zilmax is produced by Intervet, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., and marketed as a "beef-improvement technology". Zilpaterol is typically fed in the last three to six weeks of cattle's lives, with a brief period (three days in the US) before death for withdrawal, which allows the drug to mostly leave the animal's tissues.
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Dextromethadone Dextromethadone is an antitussive opioid. It is the ("S")-enantiomer of methadone.
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Ibodutant Ibodutant is a candidate drug for irritable bowel syndrome diarrhea, developed by The Menarini Group. s of March 2015 , it is undergoing a multicentre double blind efficacy clinical study. Ibodutant selectively blocks the tachykinin receptor NK, with blockade practically complete in nanomolar concentrations. A phase 2 trial in Europe(the IRIS-2 trial) completed in May 2012 with positive results. A 52-week phase 3 study in women is ongoing.
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Difelikefalin Difelikefalin (INN) (developmental code names CR845, FE-202845), also known as -Phe--Phe--Leu--Lys-[γ-(4-N-piperidinyl)amino carboxylic acid] (as the acetate salt), is an analgesic opioid peptide acting as a peripherally specific, highly selective agonist of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR). It is under development by Cara Therapeutics as an intravenous agent for the treatment of postoperative pain. An oral formulation has also been developed. Due to its peripheral selectivity, difelikefalin lacks the central side effects like sedation, dysphoria, and hallucinations of previous KOR-acting analgesics such as pentazocine and phenazocine. In addition to use as an analgesic, difelikefalin is also being investigated for the treatment of pruritus (itching). Difelikefalin has completed phase II clinical trials for postoperative pain and has demonstrated significant and "robust" clinical efficacy, along with being safe and well-tolerated. It is also in phase II clinical trials for uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients.
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4-Methylbuphedrone 4-Methylbuphedrone (also known as 4-MeMABP, BZ-6378 and 4-Methyl-α-methylamino-butyrophenone), is a stimulant drug of the cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug.
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Nalfurafine Nalfurafine (INN, USAN) (brand name Remitch; former developmental code names TRK-820, AC-820, MT-9938) is an antipruritic (anti-itch drug) that is marketed in Japan for the treatment of uremic pruritus in individuals with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. It acts as a potent, selective, centrally-penetrant κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist, and is the first and currently the only selective KOR agonist to have been approved for clinical use. It has also been dubiously referred to as the "first non-narcotic opioid drug" in history.
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Methylestradiol Methylestradiol, or 17α-methylestradiol (17α-ME), is a semisynthetic, steroidal estrogen that has been sold in combination with normethandrone (methylestrenolone), an anabolic-androgenic steroid and progestin and, under brand names including Ginecosid, Ginecoside, Mediol, Renodiol for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in Brazil, Venezuela, and Indonesia. Due to the presence of the 17α-methyl group, methylestradiol cannot be deactivated by oxidation of the 17β-hydroxy group, resulting in improved metabolic stability and potency relative to estradiol analogously to ethinylestradiol (17α-ethynylestradiol). In addition to its clinical use, methylestradiol has been studied as a radiopharmaceutical.
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Diphenoxylate Diphenoxylate (INN, BAN) (brand name Diocalm), or diphenoxylate hydrochloride (USAN), is a centrally active opioid drug of the phenylpiperidine series that is used for the treatment of diarrhea. It acts by slowing intestinal contractions and peristalsis allowing the body to consolidate intestinal contents and prolong transit time, thus allowing the intestines to draw moisture out of them at a normal or higher rate and therefore stop the formation of loose and liquid stools. It is the main active ingredient in the anti-peristaltic medication Lomotil, which also contains atropine.
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Cicutoxin Cicutoxin is a poisonous polyyne and alcohol found in various plants, such as the highly toxic water hemlock ("Cicuta" species). It is a natural product structurally related to the oenanthotoxin of hemlock water dropwort.
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Nitromifene Nitromifene (INN; also as the citrate salt nitromifene citrate (USAN), developmental code names CI-728, CN-5518, CN-55945) is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) related to triphenylethylenes like tamoxifen that was never marketed. It is a mixture of ("E")- and ("Z")-isomers that possess similar antiestrogenic activity. The drug was described in 1966. Along with tamoxifen, nafoxidine, and clomifene, it was one of the earliest SERMs.
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6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine 6-Methylenedihydrodesoxymorphine (6-MDDM) is an opiate analogue structurally related to desomorphine that is a derivative of hydromorphone, where the 6-ketone group has been replaced by a methylene group. It has sedative and analgesic effects.
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Solriamfetol Solriamfetol (developmental code names JZP-110, ADX-N05, others) is a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) which is under development by Jazz Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of narcolepsy, sleep apnea, hypersomnia, and renal failure. It is a low-potency NDRI, with respective IC values for the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters of 2.9 and 4.4 μM, and shows a low abuse liability. As of July 2017, it is in phase III clinical trials for narcolepsy and sleep apnea, phase II clinical trials for hypersomnia, and phase I clinical trials for renal failure.
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8,9-Dehydroestradiol 8,9-Dehydroestradiol, or Δ-estradiol, also known as estra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-17β-ol-3-one, is a naturally occurring steroidal estrogen found in horses that is closely related to equilin, equilenin, and estradiol, and, as the 3-sulfate ester sodium salt, is a minor constituent of conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin). It is also an important active metabolite of 8,9-dehydroestrone, analogously to conversion of estrone or estrone sulfate into estradiol.
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Acetyldihydrocodeine Acetyldihydrocodeine is an opiate derivative discovered in Germany in 1914 and was used as a cough suppressant and analgesic. It is not commonly used, but has activity similar to other opiates. Acetyldihydrocodeine is a very close relative derivative of Thebacon, where only the 6-7 double bond is unsaturated. Acetyldihydrocodeine can be described as the 6-acetyl derivative of dihydrocodeine and is metabolised in the liver by demethylation and deacetylation to produce dihydromorphine.
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Enciprazine Enciprazine (INN, BAN; enciprazine hydrochloride (USAN); developmental code names WY-48624, D-3112), is an anxiolytic and antipsychotic of the phenylpiperazine class which was never marketed. It shows high affinity for the α-adrenergic receptor and 5-HT receptor, among other sites. The drug was initially anticipated to produce "ortho"-methoxyphenylpiperazine (oMeOPP), a serotonin receptor agonist with high affinity for the 5-HT receptor, as a significant active metabolite, but subsequent research found this not to be the case.