Al-Mursalat is the 77th chapter of the central religious text of what religion?
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Al-Mursalat Sūrat al-Mursalāt (Arabic: سورة المرسلات‎ ‎ , “The Emissaries”, “Winds Sent Forth”) is the 77th chapter (sura) of the Quran with 50 verses.
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Quran The Quran ( ; Arabic: القرآن‎ ‎ "al-Qurʾān ", literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran ) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God ("Allah"). It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature. The Quran is divided into chapters ("surah" in Arabic), which are then divided into verses ("ayah").
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Sultan Sahak Sultan Sahak, or Soltân Sahak (Persian: سلطان سهاک‎ ‎ ) (born 14th century; died 15th century), was a Kurdish religious leader who founded spiritual path of the Ahl-e Haqq, also known as the Yârsân. He is considered to be the manifestation that fully reflects the divine essence by the Ahl-e Haqq and revealer/expounder of the fourth stage of the religion.
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Al-Haaqqa Sūrat al-Ḥāqqah (Arabic: سورة الحاقة‎ ‎ ) is the 69th sura of the Qur'an with 52 ayat. There are several English names under which the surah is known. These include “The Inevitable Hour”, “The Indubitable”, “The Inevitable Truth”, and “The Reality”. These titles are derived from alternate translations of al-Ḥāqqa, the word that appears in the first three ayat of the sura. Though each of these titles may sound very different, each one alludes to the main theme of the sura – the Day of Judgment.
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Blue Qur'an The Blue Qur'an (Arabic: المصحف الأزرق "al-Muṣḥaf al-′Azraq") is a late 9th- to early 10th-century Fatimid Tunisian Qur'an manuscript in Kufic calligraphy, probably created in North Africa for the Great Mosque (Mosque of Uqba) of Qairawan. Although scholars generally agree on its provenance and dating, recent scholarship by Alain George dates the manuscript rather earlier, to the early Abbasid caliphate; however, it has been dated as late as 1020 CE and placed in Córdoba as well as Qairawan. It is written in gold and decorated in silver (that has since oxidized) on vellum colored with indigo, a unique aspect of a Quranic manuscript, probably emulating the purple parchment used for Byzantine Imperial manuscripts. Red ink is also used. It is among the most famous works of Islamic calligraphy, and has been called "one of the most extraordinary luxury manuscripts ever created." Art historian Yasser Tabbaa wrote that the "evanescent effect" of the gold lettering on indigo "appears to affirm the Mu'tazili belief in the created and mysterious nature of the Word of God."
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Kitáb-i-Aqdas The Kitáb-i-Aqdas or Aqdas is the central book of the Bahá'í Faith written by Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the religion, in 1873. The work was written in Arabic under the Arabic title al-Kitābu l-Aqdas (Arabic: الكتاب الأقدس‎ ‎ ), but it is commonly referred to by its Persian title, "Kitáb-i-Aqdas" (Persian: كتاب اقدس‎ ‎ ), which was given to the work by Bahá'u'lláh himself. It is sometimes also referred to as "the Most Holy Book", "the Book of Laws" or the Book of Aqdas. The word Aqdas has a significance in many languages as the superlative form of a word with its primary letters Q-D-Š.
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Fath al-Mulhim Fath al-Mulhim Sharh Sahih Muslim is a commentary on Sahih Muslim, written by Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.
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Islamic economics Islamic economics (Arabic: الاقتصاد الإسلامي‎ ‎ ), is a term used to refer to Islamic commercial jurisprudence or fiqh al-mu'āmalāt (Arabic: فقه المعاملات‎ ‎ ), and also to an ideology of economics based on the teachings of Islam that takes a middle ground between the systems of Marxism and capitalism.
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Shah Syed Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani Mir Sayyid Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani (1392-1464) (Arabic: ‎ ‎ ) was a great Sufi Master and the Religious Theologian (Faqih) of Noorbakshia Muslims. He wrote al Fiqh-al-Ahwat (Islamic jurisprudence) and Kitab al Aetiqadia (Book of Faith). Nurbkhsh is the 28th official master of Maktab Tariqat "Silsila Dhahab ", in a continuous succession of Sufi masters dating back 1,400 years to the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad. After Nurbakhsh the Maktab Tariqat "Silsila Dhahab " became well known as Sufia Nurbakhshiya. The present article focuses on life and works of Mir Sayyid Muhammad Nurbakhsh Qahistani.
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Álvaro of Córdoba Paulus Alvarus (also known as Paul Alvarus, Paul Albar, Alvaró de Córdoba), c. 800 – 861 CE, was a ninth-century Mozarab scholar, poet, and theologian who lived in Southern Iberia during the period of Muslim rule. He is most notable for his writings around the time of a rising high civilization of Islam, owing to the Caliph's efforts. He also wrote the "Vita Eulogii" (‘The Life of Eulogius’), a biography of his close friend and fellow theologian Saint Eulogius of Cordoba. Although Christians living in Córdoba and the rest of Muslim Iberia during his time lived under relative religious freedom, Alvarus was amongst the Christians who perceived the many restrictions on the practice of their faith to be unacceptable persecution; they regarded with extreme scorn Christians who participated in the Muslim government, converted to Islam, or simply concealed their true beliefs. As a result of these religious tensions Alvarus’s writings are characterized by contempt of all things Muslim and he considered Muhammed to have been the precursor to the Antichrist.
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Al-Muntafiq Al-Muntafiq (Arabic: المنتفق‎ ‎ ) is a large Arab tribal confederation of southern and central Iraq. Members of the Muntafiq tribal confederation are the largest and most influential Iraqi Shia community. The confederation’s tribes predominantly settled in Baghdad and Iraq's southern provinces. The majority of Shia Iraqis’ come from the Muntafiq tribal confederation, the confederation is not homogeneous in terms of sect/religion. Centuries of intermarriage and intermingling created mixed Sunni- Shia tribes. Therefore, a minority of individual tribes within the confederation is Sunni. Overall, it is almost impossible to delineate who is, and who is not part of the Muntafiq. Nevertheless, the majority of Iraqi Shia are Muntafiq members.
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Bay'ah Bayʿah (Arabic: بَيْعَة‎ ‎ , literally a "sale" or a "commercial transaction"), in Islamic terminology, is an oath of allegiance to a leader. It is known to have been practiced by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. "Bayʿah" is sometimes taken under a written pact given on behalf of the subjects by leading members of the tribe with the understanding that as long as the leader abides by certain requirements towards his people, they are to maintain their allegiance to him. "Bayʿah" is still practiced in countries such as Saudi Arabia and Sudan. In Morocco, "bayʿah" is one of the foundations of the monarchy. In many Islamic traditions, the meaning is to dedicate oneself to a spiritual master, pir or sheikh in exchange for the spiritual knowledge he gives.
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Al-Fath Sūrat al-Fatḥ (Arabic: سورة الفتح‎ ‎ , "Victory, Triumph") is the 48th sura of the Qur'an with 29 ayat. It was revealed in Medina after the Treaty of Hudaibiyah, and details the circumstances and terms of that treaty along with other general religious advice. The chapter gets its name from the opening verse, which states "Indeed, We have granted you a clear triumph..." in direct reference to the Treaty which was signed through cooperation between the opposing forces and without bloodshed. The reason this treaty, and therefore chapter, is called a "clear triumph" is largely believed to be because of its peaceful nature.
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Al-Tirmidhi Abū ‘Īsá Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá as-Sulamī aḍ-Ḍarīr al-Būghī at-Tirmidhī (Arabic: أبو عيسى محمد بن عيسى السلمي الضرير البوغي الترمذي‎ ‎ ; Persian: ‎ ‎ , "Termezī"; 824 – 9 October 892), often referred to as Imām at-Termezī/Tirmidhī, was a Persian Islamic scholar and collector of hadith who wrote "al-Jami` as-Sahih" (known as "Jami` at-Tirmidhi"), one of the six canonical hadith compilations in Sunni Islam. He also wrote "Shama'il Muhammadiyah" (popularly known as "Shama'il at-Tirmidhi"), a compilation of hadiths concerning the person and character of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. At-Tirmidhi was also well versed in Arabic grammar, favoring the school of Kufa over Basra due to the former's preservation of Arabic poetry as a primary source.
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Al-Mu'awwidhatayn Al-Mu'awwidhatan (Arabic: المعوذتان), sometimes translated as "Verses of Refuge", is an Arabic term referring to the last two suras (chapters) of the Qur'an, viz. al-Falaq (ch. 113), and An-Nās (ch. 114), which are two consecutive short prayers both beginning with the verse "Say: I seek refuge in the Lord of...". Although these two suras are separate entities in the Qur'an and also are written in the Mushaf under separate names, they are so deeply related with their contents closely resembling each other's that they have been designated by the common name 'al-Mu'awwidhatayn' (the two suras in which refuge with Allah has been sought). Imam Baihaqi in 'Dala'il an-Nubuwwah' has written that these suras were revealed together, and hence their combined name of al-Mu'awwidhatayn. There is a Sunnah tradition from Muhammad of reading them over the sick or before sleeping and they are also considered a healing.
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Musha'sha'iyyah The Musha‘sha’iyyah (Arabic: المشعشعية‎ ‎ ) were a Shi'i sect founded and led by Muhammad ibn Falah, an Iraqi-born theologian who believed himself to be the earthly representative of Ali and the Mahdi. From the middle of the 15th century to the 19th century, they came to dominate much of western Khuzestan Province in southwestern Iran.
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Prophetic medicine Prophetic medicine (Arabic: الطب النبوي‎ ‎ , "'Al-Tibb al-nabawī ") refers to the actions and words ("hadith") specifically of the Islamic prophet Muhammad with regards to sickness, treatment and hygiene, and the genre of writings undertaken primarily by non-physician scholars to collect and explicate these traditions. It is distinct from Islamic medicine, in that the latter is a broader category encompassing a variety of medical practices rooted in Greek natural philosophy. Prophetic medical traditions exhort humans to not simply stop at following Muhammad's teachings, but encourage them to search for cures as well. The literature of prophetic medicine thus occupies a symbolic role in the elucidation of Islamic identity as constituted by a particular set of relationships to science, medicine, technology and nature. There has historically been a tension in the understanding of the medical narratives: are they of the same nature as Muhammad’s religious pronouncements, or are they time-sensitive, culturally situated, and thus not representative of a set of eternal medical truths? This body of knowledge was fully articulated only in the 14th century, at which point it was concerned with reconciling "Sunnah" (traditions) with the foundations of the Galenic humoral theory that was prevalent at the time in the medical institutions of the Islamicate world. It is nonetheless a tradition with continued modern-day currency, as suggested by the online presence of resources on the genre.
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Prophetic biography In Islam, Al-sīra al-Nabawiyya ("Prophetic biography"), Sīrat Rasūl Allāh ("Life of the Messenger of God"), or just Al-sīra are the traditional Muslim biographies of Muhammad from which, in addition to the Quran and trustable Hadiths, most historical information about his life and the early period of Islam is derived.
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Mufaddaaliyyat The Mufaddaaliyyat or Mofaddaliyyat (Arabic: المفضليات / ALA-LC: "al-Mufaḍḍaliyāt"), meaning "The Examination of al-Mufaddal", is an anthology of ancient Arabic poems which derives its name from Al-Mufaddal, who compiled it some time between 762 and 784 CE in the latter of which years he died. It contains 126 poems, some complete odes, others fragmentary. They are all of the Golden Age of Arabic poetry (500—650) and are considered to be the best choices of poems from that period by different authors. There are 68 authors, two of whom were Christian. The oldest poems in the collection date from about 500 CE. The collection is a valuable source concerning pre-Islamic Arab life.
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Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia was a mix of polytheism, Christianity, Judaism, and Iranian religions. Arab polytheism, the dominant form of religion in pre-Islamic Arabia, was based on veneration of deities and other rituals. Gods and goddesses, including Hubal and the goddesses al-Lāt, Al-‘Uzzá and Manāt, were worshipped at local shrines, such as the Kaaba in Mecca. Different theories have been proposed regarding the role of Allah in Meccan religion. Many of the physical descriptions of the pre-Islamic gods are traced to idols, especially near the Kaaba, which is said to have contained up to 360 of them.
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Religion in Iraq Islam is the official religion of the Islamic republic of Iraq. Iraq is a multi ethnic and multi religious country with Islam, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Yazdanism, Shabakism, Judaism, Mandaeism, Bahā'i, Ahl-e Haqq-Yarsanis, Ishikism and numerous other religions all having a presence in the country. Shia Islam is the main religion in Iraq followed by 50-55% of the population, while Sunni Islam is followed by 32-37% of the people. Many cities throughout Iraq have been areas of historical prominence for both Shia and Sunni Muslims, including Najaf, Karbala, Baghdad and Samarra.
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Minhaj al-karamah Minhaj al-karamah fi ma`rifat al-imamah ("The Miraculous Way of Knowledge of the Imamate"), also known as Minhâjû’l-Istikâmah fî Isbâtû’l-Imamah, is a theological treatise written by a prominent Shia scholar Allameh Al-Hilli. Al-Hilli wrote his book for the sake of defending the Imamah, and created one of the most important pillars of Shia Islam. The book also served as a refutation of the Sunni doctrine of the caliphate.