Felice Trojani collaborated with Umberto Nobile on which aircraft that was the first to reach the North Pole?
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Aeronautica Umbra Trojani AUT.18 The AUT.18 was a prototype fighter aircraft developed in Italy by Aeronautica Umbra shortly before the outbreak of World War II. It was designed in 1934 by Ing Felice Trojani, who at that time was collaborating with Umberto Nobile on the Arctic flights of the airships "Norge" and "Italia". The aircraft's designation came from initials of the manufacturer, the surname of the designer, and the aircraft's wing area (18 m²), the sole prototype receiving the serial no. "M.M.363".
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Umberto Nobile Umberto Nobile (] ; 21 January 1885 – 30 July 1978) was an Italian aviator, aeronautical engineer and Arctic explorer. Nobile was a developer and promoter of semi-rigid airships during the period between the two World Wars. He is primarily remembered for designing and piloting the airship "Norge", which may have been the first aircraft to reach the North Pole, and which was indisputably the first to fly across the polar ice cap from Europe to America. Nobile also designed and flew the "Italia," a second polar airship; this second expedition ended in a deadly crash and provoked an international rescue effort.
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Savoia-Pomilio SP.3 The Savoia-Pomilio SP.3 was a reconnaissance and bomber aircraft built in Italy during the First World War. It was a further development of the family of designs that had started with the SP.1. Ultimately all of these took their basic configuration from the Farman MF.11: a biplane with twin tails and a fuselage nacelle that accommodated the crew and a pusher-mounted engine. However, since the preceding SP.2 had been found to be too slow and vulnerable in front-line service, the SP.3 was designed for higher performance. The new design had a reduced wingspan, lower weight, and the aerodynamics of the fuselage nacelle were improved. Some were also equipped with an improved version of the Fiat A.12 engine, with its power output increased from 190 kW to 220 kW (250 hp to 300 hp)
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Otto Kalvitsa Otto Kalvitsa (Russian: Отто Артурович Кальвиц , 21 November 1888 – 7 March 1930) was a Finnish-born Soviet aviator and a polar explorer. He is known as one of the pioneers of the Soviet Arctic aviation.
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Caproni Ca.73 The Caproni Ca.73 was an Italian airliner produced during the 1920s which went on to serve as a light bomber in the newly independent "Regia Aeronautica". It was an inverted sesquiplane with a biplane tail and two engines mounted in a push-pull configuration within a common nacelle mounted on struts in the interplane gap above the fuselage. The two pilots sat in an open cockpit, while ten passengers could be accommodated within the fuselage.
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Agusta CP-110 The Agusta CP-110, also known as CVV P.110 or Politecnico P.110, was a prototype Italian four-seat light aircraft first flown in 1951 that failed to attract interest from either civil or military operators, although it was evaluated by the Aeronautica Militare (Italian Air Force). Originally designed and built by the CVV - ("Centro Volo a Vela del Politecnico di Milano"), production aircraft were to have been built by Agusta, but for lack of interest.
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CNA Eta The CNA Eta was a single engine Italian light aircraft, flown in the mid-1930s, that set one and two seat world records as both a landplane and a seaplane. Only one or two were built.
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North American T-28 Trojan The North American Aviation T-28 Trojan is a piston-engined military trainer aircraft used by the United States Air Force and United States Navy beginning in the 1950s. Besides its use as a trainer, the T-28 was successfully employed as a counter-insurgency aircraft, primarily during the Vietnam War. It has continued in civilian use as an aerobatics and Warbird performer.
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Giuseppe Cei Giuseppe Cei (1889 – March 28, 1911) was an Italian aviation pioneer.
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Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 The Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 "Pipistrello" (Italian: bat) was the first three-engine bomber/transport aircraft serving in the Italian "Regia Aeronautica". When it appeared in 1935, it represented a real step ahead in Italian military aviation: it was fast, well armed and had a long range. It proved effective during the war with Ethiopia and the Spanish Civil War. Despite being too slow to remain competitive as a bomber in the later years of World War II, it was one of the most flexible, reliable and important aircraft of the "Regia Aeronautica" from 1935-1944, and adapted to second-line duties in a wide range of tasks.
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Aurel Vlaicu Aurel Vlaicu (] ; November 19, 1882 – September 13, 1913) was a Romanian engineer, inventor, airplane constructor and early pilot.
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Arktika 2007 Arktika 2007 (Russian: Российская полярная экспедиция "Арктика-2007" ) was a 2007 expedition in which Russia performed the first ever crewed descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole, as part of research related to the 2001 Russian territorial claim, one of many territorial claims in the Arctic, made possible, in part, because of Arctic shrinkage. As well as dropping a titanium tube containing the Russian flag, the submersibles collected specimens of Arctic flora and fauna and apparently recorded video of the dives. The "North Pole-35" (abbreviated as "NP-35") manned drifting ice station was established.
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HAI Pegasus The HAI Pegasus (full name E1-79 ΠΗΓΑΣΟΣ) is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), a product of the Hellenic Aerospace Industry (HAI or EAB from the Greek initials). Its development started in 1979 in collaboration with "KETA" (Hellenic Air Force Research and Development Center) and its first flight was made in 1982. Its main uses are surveillance and intelligence gathering, The first generation ("Pegasus I") had a length of 2.1 meters, wingspan 5 m, maximum speed 160 kilometers/hour, minimum speed 75 km/h, takeoff load 130 kilograms and autonomy 3.5 hours. After initial delays in the relevant program of the Greek Air Force, ten units (including the ground station infrastructure) were produced (a number of them by KEA) to facilitate its performance optimization. By 2003 it was already operational, while in 2005 a redesigned upgrade was introduced ("Pegasus II") with advanced electronics, length 4.3 m, wingspan 6.2 m, takeoff load 250 kg and autonomy 15 hrs. Four units (each one including the aircraft and ground stations and equipment) are currently operational, with 12 more under construction by KEA. Pegasus II can carry a maximum payload weight of 50 kg, and thanks to the wide use of composite materials for its construction represents a substantial improvement of the Pegasus I design. Its technical features make it suitable for surveillance, target acquisition, and damage assessment and it is evaluated as an ELINT payload carrier. Expectations for its use as a weapons carrier are limited by its relatively small payload capacity (a payload capacity of 100 kg would render it more suitable for these type of missions).
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Fiat G.91Y The Fiat (later Aeritalia) G.91Y was an Italian ground-attack and reconnaissance aircraft which first flew in 1966. Resembling its predecessor, the Fiat G.91, the aircraft was a complete redesign, a major difference being its twin engines, rather than the original single engine.
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Patrick Young Alexander Patrick Young Alexander (28 March 1867 – 7 July 1943) was a British aeronautical pioneer fascinated by the possibility of heavier-than-air flight. He was an enthusiastic balloonist and he was also particularly active in meteorology. He performed many metrological and aviation experiments, designing and building his own equipment. He travelled widely, visiting Australia in his youth and later making many visits to USA — crossing the Atlantic at least 50 times — he travelled widely in Europe and visited Mexico, Russia, Siberia and Africa in pursuit of his interests.
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Savoia-Marchetti SM.95 The Savoia-Marchetti SM.95 was an Italian four-engine, mid-range transport aircraft, which first flew in 1943. It was the successor of the Savoia-Marchetti SM.75.
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Polaris Polaris, designated Alpha Ursae Minoris ( Ursae Minoris, abbreviated Alpha UMi, UMi), commonly the North Star or Pole Star, is the brightest star in the constellation of Ursa Minor. It is very close to the north celestial pole, making it the current northern pole star. The revised Hipparcos parallax gives a distance to Polaris of about 433 light-years (133 parsecs), while calculations by other methods derive distances around 30% closer.
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Savoia-Pomilio SP.1 The Savoia-Pomilio SP.1 was a reconnaissance and bomber aircraft built in Italy during the First World War. It was designed by Major Umberto Savoia and Lieutenant Ottorino Pomilio based on the Farman MF.11 that SIA was building under licence as the SIA 5b. While the SP.1 shared the same basic configuration as the 5b, it was a larger and stronger aircraft. The pilot and observer sat in tandem in an open nacelle with the engine mounted pusher-fashion at its rear. This nacelle was mounted on struts in the gap between biplane wings, and a twin-tail arrangement linked by a common horizontal stabiliser was carried on booms that extended aft from the wings. SIA built the prototype at its factory in Turin, and while this was the only example constructed, it served as the basis for a number of follow-on designs, the SP.2, SP.3, and SP.4, which were built in large numbers.
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Celestino Rosatelli Celestino Rosatelli (8 April 1885 – 23 September 1945) was an Italian aeronautics engineer.
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William Pershing Benedict Lt. Colonel William Pershing Benedict (July 20, 1918 – Aug 31, 1974) was an American pilot who was born in Ruth, Nevada and raised in California. He was a highly decorated World War II fighter pilot who served in both the RCAF and the U.S. Army Air Corps. 18 months after joining the U.S. Army Air Corps, at 26 years of age, Benedict achieved the rank of Major and was made Squadron Commander. He is best known for being the first man to land an aircraft on the North Pole.
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Tupolev SB The Tupolev ANT-40, also known by its service name Tupolev SB (Russian: Скоростной бомбардировщик – "Skorostnoi Bombardirovschik" – high speed bomber) and development co-name TsAGI-40, was a high speed twin-engined three-seat monoplane bomber, first flown in 1934. The Tupolev design was advanced but lacked refinement, much to the dismay of crews, maintenance personnel and of Stalin, who pointed out that ""there are no trivialities in aviation"".
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North Pole-1 North Pole-1 (Russian: Северный полюс-1 ) was the first Soviet manned drifting station in the Arctic Ocean, primarily used for research.