What was the Byzantine capital?
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Transmission of the Greek Classics The introduction of Greek philosophy and science into the culture of the Latin West in the Middle Ages was an event that transformed the intellectual life of Western Europe. It consisted of the discovery of many original works, such as those written by Aristotle in the classical period. Greek manuscripts had been maintained in the Greek-speaking world in Constantinople, the Near East and Egypt. Interest in Greek texts and their availability was scarce in the Latin West until traffic increased to the East, particularly the medieval Islamic world from where Arabic translations were translated to Latin, and the Byzantine Empire during the time of the Crusades and the Latin rule of Constantinople following the sack of the Byzantine capital in 1204 during the Fourth Crusade. Finally, the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 to the Ottoman Empire caused many Byzantine Greek scholars to flee to Western Europe bringing with them manuscripts of classical works in the original Greek, thus fueling the Renaissance.
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Sack of Constantinople (1204) The Sack of Constantinople or Siege of Constantinople occurred in 1204 and marked the culmination of the Fourth Crusade. Mutinous Crusader armies captured, looted, and destroyed parts of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. After the capture, the Latin Empire was established and Baldwin of Flanders was crowned Emperor Baldwin I of Constantinople in the Hagia Sophia.
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Seven hills of Istanbul Constantinople is known as the "City on the Seven Hills" (Turkish: "Yedi tepeli şehir" ). The city has inherited this denomination from Byzantine Constantinople which – consciously following the model of Rome – was built on seven hills too.
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Despotate of the Morea The Despotate of the Morea (Greek: Δεσποτᾶτον τοῦ Μορέως ) or Despotate of Mystras (Greek: Δεσποτᾶτον τοῦ Μυστρᾶ ) was a province of the Byzantine Empire which existed between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. Its territory varied in size during its existence but eventually grew to include almost all the southern Greek peninsula known as the Peloponnese, which was known as the Morea during the medieval and early modern periods. The territory was usually ruled by one or more sons of the current Byzantine emperor, who were given the title of "despotes" (in this context it should not be confused with despotism). Its capital was the fortified city of Mystras, near ancient Sparta, which became an important centre of the Palaiologan Renaissance.
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Constantine (Algeria) "Not to be confused with Constantinople, the historical city from 330 to 1453 in Thrace, now Istanbul, Turkey."
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Samos (theme) The Theme of Samos (Greek: θέμα Σάμου , "thema Samou") was a Byzantine military-civilian province, located in the eastern Aegean Sea, established in the late 9th century. As one of the Byzantine Empire's three dedicated naval themes (Greek: θέματα ναυτικᾶ ), it served chiefly to provide ships and troops for the Byzantine navy.
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Occupation of Constantinople The Occupation of Constantinople (Turkish: "İstanbul'un İşgali" ) (November 13, 1918 – September 23, 1923), the capital of the Ottoman Empire, by British, French and Italian forces, took place in accordance with the Armistice of Mudros, which ended Ottoman participation in the First World War. The first French troops entered the city on November 12, 1918, followed by British troops the next day. The Italian troops landed in Galata on February 7, 1919.
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Holy Trinity Cathedral, Athens The Holy Trinity Cathedral (Greek: Ιερός Ελληνόρρυθμος Καθολικός Ναός Αγίας Τριάδας ) also called Greek-Catholic Cathedral of Athens Is the name given to a religious building affiliated with the Catholic Church which follows the Byzantine or Constantinopolitan rite and is located in the city of Athens the capital of the European country of Greece. Not to be confused with the Catholic cathedral of Latin rite a Basilica Dedicated to St. Dionysious, nor with the Catholic cathedral of Armenian rite dedicated to St. Gregory the Illuminator.
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Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae The Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae (Latin for "Partition of the lands of the empire of "Romania" [Byzantine Empire]) was a treaty signed amongst the crusaders after the sack of the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. It established the Latin Empire and arranged the nominal partition of the Byzantine territory among the participants of the Crusade, with the Republic of Venice being the greatest titular beneficiary. However, because the crusaders did not in fact control most of the Empire, with local Byzantine Greek nobles establishing the Byzantine successor kingdoms (Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Trebizond, Despot of Epirus), most of the crusaders' declared division of the Empire amongst themselves could never be implemented.
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Sebasteia (theme) The Theme of Sebasteia (Greek: θέμα Σεβαστείας ) was a military-civilian province ("thema" or theme) of the Byzantine Empire located in northeastern Cappadocia and Armenia Minor, in modern Turkey. It was established as a theme in 911 and endured until its fall to the Seljuk Turks in the aftermath of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071.
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Seleucia (theme) The Theme of Seleucia (Greek: θέμα Σελευκείας , "thema Seleukeias") was a Byzantine theme (a military-civilian province) in the southern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), headquartered at Seleucia (modern Silifke).
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Syracuse, Sicily Syracuse ( ; Italian: "Siracusa" , ] ; Sicilian: "Sarausa/Seragusa" ; ; Ancient Greek: Συράκουσαι , "Syrakousai"; Medieval Greek: Συρακοῦσαι ) is a historic city in Sicily, the capital of the province of Syracuse. The city is notable for its rich Greek history, culture, amphitheatres, architecture, and as the birthplace of the preeminent mathematician and engineer Archimedes. This 2,700-year-old city played a key role in ancient times, when it was one of the major powers of the Mediterranean world. Syracuse is located in the southeast corner of the island of Sicily, next to the Gulf of Syracuse beside the Ionian Sea.
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Eustathios (governor of the Cibyrrhaeot Theme) Eustathios (Greek: Εὐστάθιος ) was the Byzantine governor ("strategos") of the Cibyrrhaeot Theme in ca. 909–912.
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Logothetes tou genikou The logothetēs tou genikou (Greek: ), often called genikos logothetēs or simply ho genikos (Greek: ὁ γενικός ), and usually rendered in English as the General Logothete, was in charge of the "general financial ministry", the "genikon logothesion" of the middle Byzantine Empire.
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List of urban prefects of Constantinople This is a list of urban prefects or eparchs of Constantinople. The Prefect or Eparch (in Greek: ) was one of the oldest and longest-lived offices of the East Roman (Byzantine) Empire, being created in 359 and surviving relatively unaltered until the Fourth Crusade. The Eparch was one of the most important officials of the Empire, and exercised full control over all aspects of the administration of Constantinople, the Byzantine Empire's capital. In the Palaiologan period (1261–1453) the title was still awarded, but the office was replaced by several "kephalatikeuontes" (sing. "kephalatikeuon", κεφαλατικεύων, "headsman"), who each oversaw a district, effectively a separate village within the now much less populous capital.
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Byzantine studies Byzantine studies or Byzantinology is an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, costumes, religion, art, such as literature and music, science, economy, and politics of the Eastern Roman Empire. The discipline's founder in Germany is considered to be the philologist Hieronymus Wolf, a Renaissance humanist. He gave the name Byzantine to the eastern Roman Empire that continued after the western part collapsed in AD 476. About 100 years after the final conquest of Byzantium by the Ottomans, Wolf began to collect, edit, and translate the writings of Byzantine philosophers. Other 16th-century humanists introduced Byzantine studies to Holland and Italy.
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Battle of Thessalonica (1014) The battle of Thessalonica (Bulgarian: Битка при Солун ) was fought between the Bulgarian and the Byzantine Empires in the summer of 1014 near the city of Thessalonica in contemporary northern Greece. The Bulgarian army under the command of Nestoritsa was defeated by the Byzantines led by the governor of Thessalonica Theophylactus Botaniates and it was unable to divert the main Byzantine forces who were attacking the Bulgarian ramparts between the Belasitsa and Ograzhden mountains.
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Byzantine (disambiguation) Byzantine usually refers to the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages.
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Tripoli, Greece Tripoli (Greek: Τρίπολη , "Trípoli", formerly Τρίπολις, "Trípolis"; earlier Τριπολιτσά "Tripolitsa") is a city in the central part of the Peloponnese, in Greece. It is the capital of the Peloponnese region as well as of the regional unit of Arcadia. The homonym municipality has around 47,000 inhabitants.
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Byzantine dance The art of Dance in the Byzantine Empire, developed during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, was centered in the capital city of Byzantium, later renamed Constantinople. Byzantine culture was oriented towards Greek culture and Christianity, rather than Roman paganism, in development of the arts. The Byzantine Empire existed for more than a thousand years, from the 4th century CE to 1453.
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Byzantine Crete The island of Crete came under the rule of the Byzantine Empire in two periods: the first extends from the late Roman period (3rd century) to the conquest of the island by Andalusian exiles in the late 820s, and the second from the island's reconquest in 961 to its capture by the competing forces of Genoa and Venice in 1205.
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Caesaropolis Caesaropolis is a Byzantine city on the coast of eastern Macedonia.