Who was the surgeon's son turned spy sent to St Petersburg, Russia's second largert city?
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Méhée de La Touche Jean-Claude-Hippolyte Méhée de La Touche (1762-1826) was the son of a surgeon in Meaux. Destined to succeed his father, he nevertheless left his home for Paris when he was 12, and ended up in the Bicêtre Prison. He was released at the coronation of Louis XVI of France in 1774, but in 1776, after the death of his parents, Méhée was again imprisoned in the Bicêtre. He escaped when he was sent to Brest to serve on the French fleet. He returned to Paris after the French Revolution, and was sent to Saint Petersburg as a spy under the name "Chevalier de La Touche" by Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau and Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette. He was soon uncovered and was sent out of Russia in March 1791. His next appointment as a spy was in Poland, where he established the "Gazette de Varsovie", a French newspaper in Warsaw. Again his role as a spy was discovered, and he was banished from Poland as well.
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Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг , "Sankt-Peterburg"; ] ) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27 [O.S. 16] 1703 . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd (Russian: Петрогра́д ; ] ), in 1924 to Leningrad (Russian: Ленингра́д ; ] ), and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 1713 and 1728 and in 1732–1918, Saint Petersburg was the capital of imperial Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow.
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Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia Konstantin Pavlovich (Russian: Константи́н Па́влович ; 27 April 177927 June 1831) was a grand duke of Russia and the second son of Emperor Paul I and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. He was the Tsesarevich of Russia throughout the reign of his elder brother Alexander I, but had secretly renounced his claim to the throne in 1823. For 25 days after the death of Alexander I, from 19 November (O.S.)/1 December 1825 to 14 December (O.S.)/26 December 1825 he was known as "His Imperial Majesty Konstantin I Emperor and Sovereign of Russia", although he never reigned and never acceded to the throne. His younger brother Nicholas became Tsar in 1825. The succession controversy became the pretext of the Decembrist revolt.
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Lavr Kornilov Lavr Georgiyevich Kornilov (Russian: Лавр Гео́ргиевич Корни́лов , ] ; 18 August 1870 – 13 April 1918) was a military intelligence officer, explorer, and general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I and the ensuing Russian Civil War. He is today best remembered for the Kornilov Affair, an unsuccessful endeavor in August/September 1917 that purported to strengthen Alexander Kerensky's Provisional Government, but which led to Kerensky eventually having Kornilov arrested and charged with attempting a coup d'état, and ultimately undermined the rule of Kerensky; strengthening the claims and power of the soviets, and the Bolshevik party.
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Alexander Shishkov Alexander Semyonovich Shishkov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Семёнович Шишко́в ) (March 20 [O.S. March 9] 1754 - April 21 [O.S. April 9] 1841 , Saint Petersburg) was a Russian statesman, writer, and admiral.
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Sergei Skripal Sergei Skripal (Сергей Скрипаль) is a former Russian officer who was convicted of spying for the United Kingdom.
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Semyon Stroganov Semyon Stroganov (Russian: Семён Аникеевич Строганов ) (died 22 October 1586) was a Russian merchant from the family of Stroganov who financed Yermak's Siberian campaign in 1581.
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Thomas MacKenzie (Russian admiral) Rear Admiral Sir Thomas MacKenzie (spring 1740 – 21 January [O.S. 10 January] 1786 ), also known as Foma Fomich Mekenzi (Фома Фомич Мекензи - Son of Thomas), was a Scottish-Russian rear admiral who founded the city of Sevastopol in service of the Russian Empire in 1783.
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Edward Howard-Gibbon Edward Howard Howard-Gibbon (9 August 1799 – 22 June 1849) was an English surgeon, lawyer, and officer of arms. He was born Edward Howard Gibbon in London and was the second son of the Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, and Mary Ann Gibbon—the Duke's longtime mistress.
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Osip Senkovsky Osip Ivanovich Senkovsky (Russian: "Осип Иванович Сенковский" ), born Józef Julian Sękowski (31 March [O.S. 19 March] 1800 in Antagonka, near Vilnius – 16 March [O.S. 4 March] 1858 in Saint Petersburg), was a Polish-Russian orientalist, journalist, and entertainer.
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Johann Albert von Regel Johann Albert von Regel in Russian: Иоанн-Альберт Регель (12 December 1845, Zürich – 6 July 1909, Odessa) was a Swiss-Russian physician and botanist. He was the son of botanist Eduard August von Regel (1815-1892).
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Sophie Stroganov Countess Sophie Vladimirovna Stroganov, née princess Golitsyn (Russian - Софья Владимировна Строганова; 11 November 1775, Moscow – 3 March 1845, St Petersburg) was a Russian noblewoman.
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Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (1552–1553) Dmitri Ivanovich (Russian: Дмитрий Иванович ; 11 October 155226 June 1553) was the first Tsarevich or Tsesarevich - the heir apparent - of the Tsardom of Russia, as the eldest son of Ivan the Terrible, or "Ivan IV of Russia" and his first Tsaritsa, Anastasia Romanovna. He was the third child and first son of the couple and died in infancy.
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Alexander Romanovich Bruce Count Alexander Romanovich Bruce (1704–1760) was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian army. He was the son of Robert Bruce (1668–1720), first commandant of St Petersburg, whose brother was Peter the Great's associate Jacob Bruce.
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Vladimir Aleksandrovich Pozner Vladimir Aleksandrovich Pozner (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович По́знер ), (1908—1975) was a Russian Jewish émigré to the United States. During World War II he spied for Soviet intelligence while being employed by the United States Government.
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Benjamin Church (physician) Dr. Benjamin Church (August 24, 1734 – 1778) was effectively the first Surgeon General of the United States Army, serving as the "Chief Physician & Director General" of the Medical Service of the Continental Army from July 27, 1775 to October 17, 1775. He was also active in Boston's Sons of Liberty movement in the years before the war. However, early in the American Revolution, Church was also sending secret information to General Thomas Gage, the British commander, and when one of his letters into Boston was intercepted, he was tried and convicted of "communicating with the enemy".
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Sergey Fedorov Sergey Petrovich Fedorov (Russian: Серге́й Петро́вич Фёдоров, alternative English spelling Sergey Petrovich Fyodorov) was a Russian surgeon-urologist, professor of the Imperial Military Medical Academy (1903) and the Imperial Court Surgeon (1913). He is considered the founder of the largest national school of surgery and "the father of Russian urology".
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Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen Count Berend Gregor Ferdinand ("Fiodor Ivanovich" in Russian) von Tiesenhausen (June 1, 1782, Reval – December 2, 1805, at the Battle of Austerlitz) was a Russian noble and military officer of German Baltic origin.
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Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov Count Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov (Russian: Пётр Андре́евич Шува́лов ) (27 July 1827, Saint Petersburg – 22 March 1889, Saint Petersburg) was an influential Russian statesman and a counselor to Tsar Alexander II. Referring to his court influence and reactionary policies, his more liberal opponents sometimes called him "Peter IV" (Pyotr is the Russian form for Peter, referring to the three emperors of Russia named Peter) and "Arakcheyev II".
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Michael Glinski Michael Glinsky (Lithuanian: "Mykolas Glinskis" , Russian: Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky , Polish: "Michał Gliński" ; 1460s – 24 September 1534) was a noble from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of distant Tatar extraction who was also a tutor of his nephew, Ivan the Terrible. As a young man, Glinsky served in the court of Emperor Maximilian I and earned distinction for his military service. Around 1498 he returned to Lithuania and quickly rose in power and wealth, angering local nobles. Just after commanding the victorious Battle of Kletsk against the Crimean Khanate in August 1506, he was accused of conspiracy against the deceased Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellon and lost all his wealth. Glinsky began an armed rebellion against Sigismund I, the new Grand Duke. The rebellion was unsuccessful and Glinski retreated to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, where he served Vasili III of Russia. When the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars renewed in 1512, Glinsky was instrumental in helping Moscow to capture Smolensk, a major trading center. However, he was not rewarded with the regency of the city. Angered, he planned to betray Vasili III, but the plot was discovered and he was imprisoned for 12 years. He was freed after his niece Elena Glinskaya married Vasili III in 1526. Before his death in 1533, Vasili appointed Elena and Glinski as protectors of his underage sons Ivan and Yuri. Elena disapproved of Glinsky's influence in the state and had him sent to prison, where he soon died of starvation.
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Tsarevich Alexei Alexeyevich of Russia Tsarevich Alexei Alexeyevich (Russian: Алексей Алексеевич , "Aleksey Alekseyevich"; 15 February 1654 - 17 January 1670) was the second son and heir of Tsar Alexis of Russia and Maria Miloslavskaya, brother of Tsar Feodor III, Tsar Ivan V, and Tsarevna Sophia and half-brother of Tsar Peter the Great. He died at fifteen before he had a chance to succeed to the throne.
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Gavriil Antonovich Katakazi Gavriil Antonovich Katakazi (Гавриил Антонович Катакази) (17 July 1794 – 25 April 1867) was a Russian diplomat and Active Privy Councillor, also notable as the father of Konstantin Katakazi, Russian ambassador to the United States.