One of the surviving Nazi leaders interrogated in Camp Ashcan received what award for his pilot skills in World War I?
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Camp Ashcan Central Continental Prisoner of War Enclosure No. 32, code-named Ashcan, was an Allied prisoner-of-war camp in the "Palace Hotel" of Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg during World War II. Operating from May to August 1945, it served as a processing station and interrogation center for the 86 most prominent surviving Nazi leaders prior to their trial in Nuremberg, including Hermann Göring and Karl Dönitz.
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Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ] ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, he was a recipient of the "Pour le Mérite". He was the last commander of "Jagdgeschwader" 1, the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen.
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German Legion of Honor The German Legion of Honor was a veterans commemorative award of the Weimar Republic. The award was created in the 1920s under the authority of a "High Council of German Honor" composed of former German veterans, many of whom had served as high-ranking officers or even as generals during World War I. The award was presented apparently for civic accomplishments in peacetime by former veterans, with the criteria including the requirement that the recipient be an "excellent comrade and friend worthy of honor". The High Council of German Honor was also connected extensively with the Freikorps movement and frequently awarded the decoration as a paramilitary award.
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Hans Möser Hans Karl Möser, or Hans Moeser, (April 7, 1906 – November 26, 1948) was a German Nazi SS officer at the Neuengamme, Auschwitz and Mittelbau-Dora concentration camps during World War II. Rising to the rank of SS-Obersturmführer, he was captured at the end of the war and tried by the United States Military Government Court for war crimes. The only one among 19 defendants at the Dora Trial sentenced to death, Möser was executed at Landsberg Prison in 1948 (death by hanging).
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John Beech Austin John Beech Austin (17 July 1917 - 12 January 2012) was a British Royal Air Force (RAF) pilot during the Second World War. He was one of the RAF’s longest-serving special duties pilots, dropping agents and supplies to Resistance movements in eight countries in occupied Europe.
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Otto Deßloch Otto Dessloch (11 June 1889 – 13 May 1977) was a German Luftwaffe general during World War II and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.
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Hans-Ulrich Rudel Hans-Ulrich Rudel (2 July 1916 – 18 December 1982) was a German ground-attack pilot during World War II. Post-war, he was a prominent neo-Nazi activist in Latin America and West Germany.
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List of World War II aces from Germany This is a list of fighter aces in World War II from Germany. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. German day and night fighter pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories during World War II, 25,000 over British or American and 45,000 over Russian flown aircraft. 103 German fighter pilots shot down more than 100 enemy aircraft for a total of roughly 15,400 aerial victories. Roughly a further 360 pilots claimed between 40 and 100 aerial victories for round about 21,000 victories. Another 500 fighter pilots claimed between 20 and 40 victories for a total of 15,000 victories. It is relatively certain that 2,500 German fighter pilots attained ace status, having achieved at least 5 aerial victories. These achievements were honored with 453 German day and "Zerstörer" (destroyer) pilots having received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. 85 night fighter pilots, including 14 crew members, were awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
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Gerhard Raht Gerhard Ferdinand Otto Raht (6 June 1920 – 11 January 1977) was a German Luftwaffe night fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves during World War II. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Raht claimed 58 nocturnal aerial victories in 171 combat missions.
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Walter Wolfrum Walter Wolfrum (23 May 1923 – 26 August 2010) was a pilot in the Luftwaffe during World War II. He is credited with 137 aerial victories—that is, 137 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
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Walter Koch (Fallschirmjäger) Walter Koch (10 September 1910 – 23 October 1943) was a highly decorated commander of the Fallschirmjäger during World War II who died in mysterious circumstances after openly criticising Adolf Hitler. Koch, who was the recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his actions during the Battle of Fort Eben-Emael in May 1940, had publicly denounced the Führer's infamous Commando Order, which ordered that all captured enemy commandos were to be executed. Shortly afterwards the "Oberstleutnant" and commander of "Fallschirmjäger-Regiment 5" died in Berlin from injuries allegedly resulting from a motor vehicle collision.
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Hirsch Schwartzberg Hirsch Schwartzberg (Szwarcberg, Schwarzberg) (October 28, 1907, in Vilna —October 17, 1987 in Ashdod ) was a Jewish leader of Holocaust survivors (Yiddish: בפרייטה יידין אויף ברלין‎ ) under the American occupation of Berlin.
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Otto-Ernst Ottenbacher Otto-Ernst Ottenbacher (18 November 1888 – 7 January 1975) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II who commanded several corps. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Ottenbacher was wounded during the opening stages of the Battle of Kalinin in October 1941, when his plane was shot down by Soviet fighters. Severely burned, he was invalided back to Germany to recuperate.
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Samuel Reeves Keesler Samuel Reeves Keesler, Jr. (April 11, 1896 – October 9, 1918) was a member of the United States Army Air Service in World War I posthumously awarded the Citation Star for gallantry.
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Günther Schwägermann Günther Schwägermann (born 24 July 1915) served in the Nazi government of German dictator Adolf Hitler. From approximately late 1941, Schwägermann served as the adjutant for Dr. Joseph Goebbels. He reached the rank of SS-"Hauptsturmführer" (captain). Schwägermann survived World War II and was held in American captivity from 25 June 1945 until 24 April 1947.
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Konrad Bauer Konrad Bauer (9 February 1919 – 17 June 1990) was a Luftwaffe fighter pilot during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Bauer claimed 57 aerial victories, 39 over the Western Front and 18 over the Eastern Front.
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Alfred Teumer Alfred Teumer (11 February 1918 – 4 October 1944) was a Luftwaffe flying ace during World War II and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German: "Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes" ). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. He is credited with 76 aerial victories claimed in over 300 combat missions.
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Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Николай Иванович Кузнецов ) (July 27, 1911–March 9, 1944) was a semi-legendary Soviet intelligence agent and partisan who operated in Nazi-occupied Ukraine (Reichskommissariat Ukraine) during World War II who personally killed six high-ranking German officials. His file is still not fully disclosed and will be held until 2025 in the FSB archives. It was not until 1990 that Kuznetsov was officially recognized as a NKVD agent. He used several pseudonyms during his intelligence operations: e.g. Rudolf Schmidt, Nikolai Vasilevitsh Grachev (Николай Васильевич Грачёв) and Oberleutnant Paul Siebert. Kuznetsov was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
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Gerald Pilditch Lieutenant Gerald Pilditch was a South African World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. He won a Military Cross on 11 April 1918. On 11 June, he rescued American pilot Lieutenant J. H. Ackermann from six German fighters. Pilditch shot down one, and possibly two, of the three Germans who were on the wounded American's tail.
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Amon Göth Amon Leopold Göth (] ; alternative spelling "Goeth"; 11 December 1908 – 13 September 1946;    ) was an Austrian SS-"Hauptsturmführer" (captain) and the commandant of the Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp in Płaszów in German-occupied Poland for most of the camp's existence during World War II.
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Charles Piers Egerton Hall Charles Piers Egerton Hall, nicknamed Chaz Hall (25 July 1918 – 30 March 1944) was a British pilot who was taken prisoner during the Second World War. He was part of the 'Great Escape' from Stalag Luft III in March 1944, but was captured and subsequently shot by the Gestapo.
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Kurt Pflugbeil Kurt Leopold Pflugbeil (9 May 1890 – 31 May 1955) was a German general (General der Flieger) in the Luftwaffe during World War II who commanded 4th Air Corps and Luftflotte 1. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.