The German invasion began one week after the signing of what neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939?
6973d71f18124720ee7288ff08d5ed79
Invasion of Poland The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign ("Kampania wrześniowa") or the 1939 Defensive War ("Wojna obronna 1939 roku"), and in Germany as the Poland Campaign ("Polenfeldzug") or "Fall Weiss" ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent, that marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September following the Molotov-Tōgō agreement that terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities in the east on 16 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty.
738fa48021028eee3a1d876628975104
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact, the German–Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German-Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: "Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German-Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.
474e84339792b2aec36cf3a436e4d1e5
Oder–Neisse line The Oder–Neisse line (Polish: "granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej" , German: "Oder-Neiße-Grenze" ) is the international border between Germany and Poland. It was drawn at the Potsdam Conference in the aftermath of the Second World War and is primarily delineated along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers in Central Europe, meeting the Baltic Sea to the north, just west of the Polish seaports of Szczecin and Świnoujście (German: "Stettin" and "Swinemünde"). All prewar German territory east of the line and within the 1937 German boundaries (23.8% of the former Weimar Republic) were placed under International Law Administrative status, with most of it being made part of newly-Communist Poland. The small remainder, consisting of the territory surrounding the German city of Königsberg (now renamed Kaliningrad, in honour of Soviet head of state Mikhail Kalinin) in northern East Prussia, was allocated to the Soviet Union (as Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian SFSR, today the Russian Federation) after the war (pending the final World War II peace treaty for Germany). The vast majority of the native German population in these territories fled, or were killed or expelled by force. The Oder–Neisse line marked the border between the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and Poland from 1950 to 1990. East Germany confirmed the border with Poland in 1950, while West Germany, after a period of refusal, finally accepted the border (with reservations) in 1970. In 1990 the newly reunified Germany and the Republic of Poland signed a treaty recognizing it as their border.
040f945985f94318144dd5618093a03f
Greater Hamburg Act The Greater Hamburg Act (German: "Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz" ), in full the Law Regarding Greater Hamburg and Other Territorial Readjustments (German: "Gesetz über Groß-Hamburg und andere Gebietsbereinigungen" ), was passed by the government of Nazi Germany on 26 January 1937, and mandated the exchange of territories between Hamburg and the Free State of Prussia. It became effective on 1 April 1937.
d6546dbbcd8b50f82189dd14334e6b5a
German Armistice Commission The German Armistice Commission ("Waffenstillstandskommission", WAKO) was created by Article 22 of the Franco-German Armistice, signed on 22 June 1940. The armistice came into effect at the same time as the Franco-Italian Armistice on 25 June. The Commission's seat was at Wiesbaden.
3ab92db48b70981dca16bd3ad8c8c281
Gertrude (code name) The Gertrude or Gertrud was the code name of the invasion plan for Turkey by Nazi Germany, the idea began forming in the beginning of the summer of 1942. This code name was eventually changed.
8b5ec4ac8bf236e4e8c35cbc5e348bb2
Operation Otto Operation Otto (also known as Plan Otto) was the code name for two independent plans by Nazi Germany. The 1938 plan was to occupy Austria; the second envisaged an attack on the Soviet Union and was developed from late July 1940.
cb7a0238887ff4be30dacb231525578c
Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968 Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968 was a public address by Nicolae Ceaușescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and President of the State Council, strongly condemning the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. On the night of 20–21 August 1968, five Warsaw Pact nations - the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, and Poland - invaded Czechoslovakia in an effort to quell the reformist ideology of Alexander Dubček, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
2950c89298042a174d71eef89de8aa7d
Battle of Grodno (1939) The Battle of Grodno took place between 21 September and 24 September 1939, during the Soviet invasion of Poland. It was fought between improvised Polish units under Gen. Wacław Przeździecki and the Red Army of the Soviet Union, at the time in a non-aggression agreement with Nazi Germany under the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. Troops of: XV Armoured Corps, VI Cavalry Corpse, and 21st Heavy Tanks Brigade from Cavalry Mechanised group of komkor Iwana Wasiljewicza Bołdin.
0536f485244e7e37a64b1ae0ce001fda
Baltic Entente The Baltic Entente was based on Treaty of Good-Understanding and Co-operation signed between Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia on September 12, 1934 in Geneva. The main objective of the agreement was joint action in foreign policy. It also included commitments to support one another politically and to give diplomatic support in international communication. The endeavour was ultimately unsuccessful, as the combined strength of the three nations and their statements of neutrality were insubstantial in the face of the massive armies of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
62c1b6fcacf5c9375d1345efe3b15d73
Soviet invasion of Manchuria The Soviet invasion of Manchuria, also known as the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation ("Манчжурская стратегическая наступательная операция" , lit. "Manchzhurskaya Strategicheskaya Nastupatelnaya Operaciya") or simply the Manchurian Operation ("Маньчжурская операция"), began on 9 August 1945 with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. It was the last campaign of the Second World War, and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Empire of Japan after almost six years of peace. Soviet gains on the continent were Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) and northern Korea. The Soviet entry into the war and the defeat of the Kwantung Army was a significant factor in the Japanese government's decision to surrender unconditionally, as it made apparent the Soviet Union would no longer be willing to act as a third party in negotiating an end to hostilities on conditional terms.
a36f009e90a3a7b4b3302ce7fce5c003
Invasion of Yugoslavia The invasion of Yugoslavia, also known as the April War or Operation 25, was a German-led attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II. The order for the invasion was put forward in "Führer Directive No. 25", which Adolf Hitler issued on 27 March 1941, following the Yugoslav coup d'état.
ce7faa81c6cde0543eee4fe8e12da61f
Battle of Łomża (1939) Battle of Łomża (7–10 September 1939) was a series of armed engagements during the Nazi German and Soviet Invasion of Poland. The battle took place in and around the town of Łomża, on both sides of the Narew River.
20ccc9a91d8fe47664affe545c24aa42
German war crimes during the Battle of Moscow The German troops invading the USSR during World War II committed various war crimes during the Battle of Moscow, between October 1941 and January 1942.
9303b57408d83ca9712aa77e1d4c7dbe
Operationsbefehl Hartmut Operationsbefehl Hartmut (literally "Operation Order Hartmut") was the code word to begin German submarine operations during Operation Weserübung - Nazi Germany's invasion of Denmark and Norway. Occasionally these operations are termed Operation Hartmut. The orders involved submarine screening actions for the German invasion fleet and reconnaissance - particularly off Narvik and Trondheim. The orders also resulted in a number of attacks on Allied forces - particularly in or near the fjords of the Norwegian coast.
66535522c818e3ba2c9015eddb53ef7d
German–Soviet Credit Agreement (1939) The German–Soviet Credit Agreement (also referred to as the German–Soviet Trade and Credit Agreement) was an economic arrangement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany whereby Soviet Union received an acceptance credit of 200 million Reichsmark. over 7 years with an effective interest rate of 4.5 percent. The credit line was to be used during the next two years for purchase of capital goods (factory equipment, installations, machinery and machine tools, ships, vehicles, and other means of transport) in Germany and was to be paid off by means of Soviet material shipment from 1946 onwards. The economic agreement was the first step toward improvement in relations between the Soviet Union and Germany. The next day after the Credit Agreement, the Soviet Union went to war against Japan, in a successful four-week military campaign in the Far East. The Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed four days after the Credit Agreement. The 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement renewed declined Nazi–Soviet economic relations and was adjusted and expanded with the larger German–Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940 and January 1941 German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement. German shipments to the Soviets became tardy and failed to provide all that was promised the closer the date of Barbarossa came. The Soviets fulfilled their obligations to the letter right up until the invasion, wanting to avoid provoking Germany. All these agreements were terminated when Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, in violation of the treaties between the two countries. Soviet trade with Germany in the pre-invasion period ended up providing the Germans with many of the resources they needed for their invasion of the Soviet Union.
4799abad5ffdd42c34f89e5d7e6c1df5
Battle of Grudziądz Battle of Grudziądz was a military engagement between German and Polish forces during the early days of the Invasion of Poland in September 1939. It started on September 1, and ended with a German victory on September 4. German historiography has dealt with the fighting in the larger context of the Battle of Tuchola Forest.
55c82f15e922d3798e7ae7c095f390af
Operation Braunschweig Operation "Braunschweig" (Eng: "Brunswick"), named after the German city, was the German summer offensive that began on 28 June 1942. The operation was initially named "Fall Blau" (Case Blue), which is the common name used for the whole offensive. The name was changed from "Blau" to "Braunschweig" on 30 June. The plans following the original Case Blue (originally named "Blue I" and "Blue II") were renamed to Operation Clausewitz and Operation Dampfhammer. "Clausewitz" detailed the beginning of the operations of Army Group A in July 1942, "Dampfhammer" the follow-up operations in July 1942.
e67f70ff2cf40af5db57352f2e9577dc
Battle of the Border The Battle of the Border (Polish: "Bitwa graniczna" ) refers to the battles that occurred in the first days of the German invasion of Poland in September, 1939. The series of battles ended in a German victory, as Polish forces were either destroyed or forced to retreat.
f90e62d91b6d44ce098c39ea89d5395a
German bombing of Rotterdam The German bombing of Rotterdam, also known as the Rotterdam Blitz, was the aerial bombardment of Rotterdam by the "Luftwaffe" on 14 May 1940, during the German invasion of the Netherlands in World War II. The objective was to support the German troops fighting in the city, break Dutch resistance and force the Dutch to surrender. Even though preceding negotiations resulted in a ceasefire, the bombardment took place nonetheless, in conditions which remain controversial, and destroyed almost the entire historic city centre, killing nearly 900 people and making 85,000 others homeless.
b2c6699b40a22c556024d3fea34c46a0
German–Latvian Non-Aggression Pact The German–Latvian Non-Aggression Pact was signed in Berlin on June 7, 1939.
8328a94f9dc4d67bdc31964a526d3f92
German–Soviet Commercial Agreement (1940) The 1940 German-Soviet Commercial Agreement (also known as Economic Agreement of February 11, 1940, Between the German Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was an economic arrangement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany signed on February 11, 1940 by which the Soviet Union agreed in period from February 11, 1940 to February 11, 1941, in addition to the deliveries under German–Soviet Commercial Agreement, signed on August 19, 1939