What animal subject to the Foster's rule is the smallest North American deer?
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Foster's rule Foster's rule (also known as the island rule or the island effect) is an ecogeographical rule in evolutionary biology stating that members of a species get smaller or bigger depending on the resources available in the environment. For example, it is known that pygmy mammoths evolved from normal mammoths on small islands. Similar evolutionary paths have been observed in elephants, hippopotamuses, boas, deer (for example Key deer) and humans.
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Key deer The Key deer ("Odocoileus virginianus clavium") is an endangered deer that lives only in the Florida Keys. It is a subspecies of the white-tailed deer ("O. virginianus"). It is the smallest North American deer.
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Dewey (deer) Dewey is the first cloned deer and was born on May 23, 2003. Specifically, he is a White-tailed Deer, or "Odocoileus virginianus", and was cloned from a dead buck by the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine. Dewey currently lives a happy life in College Station, TX.
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Grey crow The grey crow ("Corvus tristis"), formerly known as the bare-faced crow, is about the same size (42–45 cm in length) as the Eurasian carrion crow ("Corvus corone") but has somewhat different proportions and quite atypical feather pigmentation during the juvenile phase for a member of this genus.
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Merida brocket The Mérida Brocket ("Mazama bricenii"), also known as the Merioa Brocket or Rufous Brocket, is a small species of deer. It is found in forest and páramo at altitudes of 1000 - in the Andes of northern Colombia and western Venezuela. It was once treated as a subspecies of the similar Little Red Brocket, but has been considered a distinct species since 1987, though as recent as 1999 some maintained it as a subspecies.
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Eastern wolf The eastern wolf ("Canis lycaon" or "Canis lupus lycaon"), also known as the eastern timber wolf, Algonquin wolf or deer wolf, is a canid native to the northeastern side of North America's Great Lakes region. It is a medium-sized canid which, like the red wolf, is intermediate in size between the coyote and the gray wolf. It primarily preys on white-tailed deer, but may occasionally attack moose and beaver.
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Red-headed woodpecker The red-headed woodpecker ("Melanerpes erythrocephalus") is a small or medium-sized woodpecker from temperate North America. Their breeding habitat is open country across southern Canada and the eastern-central United States. The species is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.
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Vietnam mouse-deer The Vietnam mouse-deer (Tragulus versicolor), also known as the silver-backed chevrotain, is a species of even-toed ungulate in the family Tragulidae that at present only is known from Vietnam. Until 2004, it was generally treated as a subspecies of the greater mouse-deer ("T. napu"), though it more closely resembles the lesser mouse-deer ("T. kanchil"). Recent records of this very poorly known species are missing, but this is more likely due to the difficulty involved in separating it from other mouse-deer and the general absence of field work within its presumed range than it being extinct. The Silver-backed Chevrotain is among the 25 “most wanted lost” species that are the focus of Global Wildlife Conservation’s “Search for Lost Species” initiative.
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Muntjac Muntjacs, also known as barking deer and Mastreani deer, are small deer of the genus "Muntiacus". Muntjacs are the oldest known deer, thought to have begun appearing 15–35 million years ago, with remains found in Miocene deposits in France, Germany and Poland.
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Spotted ground squirrel The spotted ground squirrel ("Xerospermophilus spilosoma") is a species of ground squirrel in the rodent family Sciuridae. It is found throughout Mexico and the central and western United States. Characterized by a white spotted back, the spotted ground squirrel is one of the smallest squirrels found in North America. They are mainly herbivorous, but also eat insects. A burrowing mammal, the spotted ground squirrel will make tunnels to store its food, as well as shelter and hibernation quarters.
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Tamaraw The tamaraw or Mindoro dwarf buffalo ("Bubalus mindorensis") is a small hoofed mammal belonging to the family Bovidae. It is endemic to the island of Mindoro in the Philippines, and is the only endemic Philippine bovine. It is believed, however, to have once also thrived on the larger island of Luzon. The tamaraw was originally found all over Mindoro, from sea level up to the mountains (2000 meters above sea level), but because of human habitation, hunting, and logging, it is now restricted to only a few remote grassy plains and is now an endangered species.
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Sumatran muntjac The Sumatran Muntjac ("Muntiacus montanus") is a deer which can be the size of a large dog. It was discovered in 1914, but had not been sighted since 1930 until one was snared and freed from a hunter's snare in Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia in 2002. Two other Sumatran muntjac have since been photographed in the park. The Sumatran Muntjac has been placed on the IUCN Red List for 2008, but is listed as Data Deficient, as taxonomical issues are still unresolved (it sometimes is considered a subspecies "M. muntjak montanus" of the common muntjac). The distribution of the species is also uncertain and may be more extensive than suggested. It is possible that some previous sightings of the common muntjac in Western Sumatra were the Sumatran muntjac.
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Striped skunk The striped skunk ("Mephitis mephitis") is a skunk of the genus "Mephitis" that is native to southern Canada, the United States and northern Mexico. It is currently listed as least concern by the IUCN on account of its wide range and ability to adapt to human-modified environments.
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Angolan talapoin The Angolan talapoin ("Miopithecus talapoin"), also known as the southern talapoin, is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. Talapoins are the smallest species of old-world monkeys.
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Capromeryx minor Capromeryx minor, sometimes known as the dwarf pronghorn, is a very small, extinct species of pronghorn-like antilocaprid ungulate discovered in the La Brea Tar Pits of California and elsewhere. It has been found at least as far east as the coast of Texas. It stood about 60 centimetres tall at the shoulders and weighed about 10 kilograms (22 lb). It is unclear whether females had horns as well as males. Each horn consists of a pair of short, straight points that sprout from a single base on either side of the head, with the two prongs parallel rather than diverging as in "Tetrameryx" and "Stockoceros". A number of different species have been described which are likely all the same: "Capromeryx furcifer", "Capromeryx mexicana" and "Capromeryx minimus ". "Capromeryx furcifer" would have priority as the proper name for the Late Irvingtonian through Rancholabrean species in which the anterior prong is less than 50% the height of the posterior prong. Its fossils have also been found at least as far east at as the Texas coast, as well as in Nebraska, Kansas, New Mexico, Sonora, Baja California, and near Mexico City. Specimens of this species (and its synonyms) date to the Late Irvingtonian and Rancholabrean periods. Two earlier species are known: "Capromeryx tautonensis" from Washington State and from Central Mexico in the Early Blancan, and "Capromeryx arizonensis" from the Late Blancan in Arizona, New Mexico and Florida. These two earlier species were larger and heavier than the Pleistocene species. It is thought by some biologists that it lived in forests and underbrush, where its small size would have helped it to hide. It is unlikely that it lived in open prairies, since it would not have been fast enough to outrun the predators of that time.
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White-footed mouse The white-footed mouse ("Peromyscus leucopus") is a rodent native to North America from Ontario, Quebec, Labrador, and the Maritime Provinces (excluding the island of Newfoundland) to the southwest United States and Mexico. In the Maritimes, its only location is a disjunct population in southern Nova Scotia. It is also known as the woodmouse, particularly in Texas.
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Donkeys in North America Donkeys in North America constitute approximately 0.1% of the worldwide donkey population. They were first brought to the New World by Christopher Columbus in the 15th century, and once arriving in Mexico in the 16th century, spread northward into what today is the United States. Some donkeys were bred in the eastern part of the continent from imported European stock. In the gold rush era of 19th century, additional numbers came to the western United States for use as pack animals and working animals in the mining industry. Some sources suggest that there are no true North American donkey breeds as such, and it is true that donkeys in Canada and the United States are classified according to their size as miniature, standard or mammoth donkeys. However, there are US-based purebred registries for the spotted ass (a color breed), the American mammoth jackstock, and the miniature donkey. The three size classifications have been reported as breeds to the Domestic Animal Diversity database of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization by the National Animal Germplasm Program of the Agricultural Research Service of the US Department of Agriculture, along with the "burro " (a small standard donkey that includes a feral population), and the spotted ass.
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White stag A white stag (or white hind for the female) is a white-colored red deer or fallow deer, explained by a condition known as leucism that causes its hair and skin to lose its natural colour. The white deer has played a prominent role in many cultures' mythology.
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New England cottontail The New England cottontail ("Sylvilagus transitionalis"), also called the gray rabbit, brush rabbit, wood hare, wood rabbit, or cooney, is a species of cottontail rabbit represented by fragmented populations in areas of New England, specifically from southern Maine to southern New York. This species bears a close resemblance to the eastern cottontail ("Sylvilagus floridanus"), which has been introduced in much of the New England cottontail home range. The eastern cottontail is now more common in it.
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Golden-crowned sifaka The golden-crowned sifaka or Tattersall's sifaka ("Propithecus tattersalli") is a medium-sized lemur characterized by mostly white fur, prominent furry ears, and a golden-orange crown. It is one of the smallest sifakas (genus "Propithecus"), weighing around 3.5 kg and measuring approximately 90 cm from head to tail. Like all sifakas, it is a vertical clinger and leaper, and its diet includes mostly seeds and leaves. The golden-crowned sifaka is named after its discoverer, Ian Tattersall, who first spotted the species in 1974. However, it was not formally described until 1988, after a research team led by Elwyn L. Simons observed and captured some specimens for captive breeding. The golden-crowned sifaka most closely resembles the western forest sifakas of the "P. verreauxi" group, yet its karyotype suggests a closer relationship with the "P. diadema" group of eastern forest sifakas. Despite the similarities with both groups, more recent studies of its karyotype support its classification as a distinct species.
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Canadian Eskimo Dog The Canadian Eskimo Dog is an Arctic breed of working dog, which is often considered to be one of North America's oldest and rarest remaining purebred indigenous domestic canines. Other names include qimmiq or qimmit (Inuit language word for "dog"). They were brought from Siberia to North America by the Thule people 1,000 years ago, along with the Greenland Dog that is genetically identical.
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Gray fox The gray fox ("Urocyon cinereoargenteus"), or grey fox, is a carnivorous mammal of the family Canidae ranging throughout most of the southern half of North America from southern Canada to the northern part of South America (Venezuela and Colombia). No other canid's natural range spans both North and South America and it is the only American canid that can climb trees. This species and its only congener, the diminutive Channel Island fox ("Urocyon littoralis"), are the only living members of the genus "Urocyon", which is considered to be the most basal of the living canids. Though it was once the most common fox in the eastern United States, and still is found there, human advancement and deforestation allowed the red fox to become more dominant. The Pacific States still have the gray fox as a dominant. Its specific epithet "cinereoargenteus" means "ashen silver".