Shiwei, was an umbrella term for Mongols and Tungusic peoples that inhabited far-eastern Mongolia, northern Inner Mongolia, the area near the Okhotsk Sea beach, and which northern location, depending on the context, Manchuria can either refer to a region that falls entirely within which country, or a larger region divided between China and Russia?
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Shiwei Shiwei () was an umbrella term for Mongols and Tungusic peoples that inhabited far-eastern Mongolia, northern Inner Mongolia, northern Manchuria and the area near the Okhotsk Sea beach. Records mentioning the Shiwei were recorded from the time of the Northern Wei (386-534) until the rise of the Mongols under Genghis Khan in 1206 when the name "Mongol" and "Tatar" were applied to all the Shiwei tribes.
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Manchuria Manchuria () was a name first used in the 17th century by Chinese people to refer to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia. Depending on the context, Manchuria can either refer to a region that falls entirely within the People's Republic of China or a larger region divided between China and Russia. The region that falls entirely within modern China is now usually referred to as Northeast China (Dongbei) () in China, although "Manchuria" is widely used outside China to denote the geographical and historical region. This region is the traditional homeland of the Xianbei, Khitan, and Jurchen (later called Manchu) peoples, who built several states within the area historically (it must be noted, however, that no term for "Manchuria" exists in the Manchu language, which originally referred to the area as the "Three Eastern Provinces").
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Tartary Tartary (Latin: "Tartaria") or Great Tartary (Latin: "Tartaria Magna") was a name used from the Middle Ages until the twentieth century to designate the great tract of northern and central Asia stretching from the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, settled mostly by Turko-Mongol peoples after the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Turkic migrations.
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Outer Manchuria Outer Manchuria or Outer Northeast China (Chinese: 外满洲 (Wài Mǎnzhōu) or 外东北 (Wài Dōngběi); Russian: Приаму́рье or "Priamurye") is an unofficial term for a territory in Northeast Asia that was formerly part of the Chinese Qing dynasty and now belongs to Russia. It is considered part of the larger historical region of Manchuria which also includes the modern-day Northeast China. Russia officially received this territory by the unequal treaties of the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 and the Treaty of Peking in 1860. The northern part of the area was also in dispute between 1643 and 1689.
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Oroqen people The Oroqen people (; Mongolian: Orčun ; also spelt "Orochen" or "Orochon") are an ethnic group in northern China. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. As of the 2000 Census , 44.54% of the Oroqen lived in Inner Mongolia and 51.52% along the Heilongjiang River (Amur) in the province of Heilongjiang. The Oroqen Autonomous Banner is also located in Inner Mongolia.
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Tannu Uriankhai Tannu Uriankhai (Tuvan: Таңды Урянхай, "Tangdy Uryankhai" , ] ; Mongolian: Тагна Урианхай, "Tagna Urianhai" ; Russian: Урянхайский край, "Urjanchajskij kraj" , ] ; ) is a historic region of the Mongol Empire and, later, the Qing dynasty. The realms of Tannu Uriankhai largely correspond to the Tuva Republic of the Russian Federation, neighboring areas in Russia, and a part of the modern state of Mongolia.
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Severnaya Zemlya Severnaya Zemlya (Russian: Се́верная Земля́ (Northern Land), ] ) is a 37,000 km2 archipelago in the Russian high Arctic. It lies off Siberia's Taymyr Peninsula, separated from the mainland by the Vilkitsky Strait. This archipelago separates two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Kara Sea in the west and the Laptev Sea in the east.
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Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces The Viceroy of the Three Northeast Provinces, fully referred to in Chinese as the Governor-General of the Three Northeast Provinces and Surrounding Areas Overseeing Military Generals of the Three Provinces, Director of Civil Affairs of Fengtian (Manchu: "dergi ilan goloi uheri kadalara amban"), sometimes referred to as the Viceroy of Manchuria, was a regional viceroy in China during the Qing dynasty. It was the only regional viceroy whose jurisdiction was outside China proper. The Viceroy had control over Fengtian (present-day Liaoning), Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China, which was also known as Manchuria.
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Chuang Guandong Chuang Guandong (, literally "Crashing into Guandong" with "Guandong" being an older name for Manchuria), is descriptive of the rush into Manchuria of the Han Chinese population, especially from the Shandong Peninsula and Zhili, during the hundred-year period starting at the last half of the 19th century. Previously, this region was outside China proper, but was sometimes under direct control and/or indirect influence, of the ruling Chinese dynasty. During the first two centuries of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, this part of China, the traditional homeland of the ruling Manchus, was, with few exceptions, closed to settlement by Han Chinese civilians, with only certain Manchu Bannermen, Mongol Bannermen, and Chinese Bannermen allowed in. The region, now known as Northeast China, has an overwhelmingly Han population.
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Ergun City Ergun (, "É'ěrgǔnà Shì"; Mongolian: Эргүн "Ergün"), formerly Ergun Right Banner (Mongolian: "Эргүнэ хот"; ), is a county-level city in China's autonomous region of Inner Mongolia. Administratively, Ergun is part of the prefecture-level city of Hulunbuir. It occupies 28,400 km² on the right (south-eastern) bank of the Argun River, which forms China's border with Russia's Zabaykalsky Krai (formerly, Chita Oblast).
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Vladivostok Vladivostok (Russian: Владивосто́к ; ] , literally "ruler of the east") is a city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, located around the Golden Horn Bay, not far from Russia's borders with China and North Korea. The population of the city as of 2016 is 606,653, up from 592,034 recorded in the 2010 Russian census.
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Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County Weichang Manchu and Mongol Autonomous County () is a Manchu and Mongol autonomous county located in far northeastern Hebei province, China. It lies under the administration of Chengde City, and is the northernmost county of the province, bordering Inner Mongolia to the north. In terms of area, it is the largest county of Hebei, occupying an area of 9058 km2 , though, as it is located in mountainous terrain, it is rather sparsely populated, , housing 520,000 people.
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Sea of Japan The Sea of Japan (see below for other names) is a marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula and Russia. The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Japan, Korea (North and South) and Russia. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it has almost no tides due to its nearly complete enclosure from the Pacific Ocean. This isolation also reflects in the fauna species and in the water salinity, which is lower than in the ocean. The sea has no large islands, bays or capes. Its water balance is mostly determined by the inflow and outflow through the straits connecting it to the neighboring seas and Pacific Ocean. Few rivers discharge into the sea and their total contribution to the water exchange is within 1%.
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Abagaitu Islet Abagaitu Islet (; Russian: Большой остров , Bolshoy Ostrov) is an islet in the Argun River (Asia) divided between the People's Republic of China (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) and Russia (Chita Oblast). Area 58 km² .
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Pechora Sea Pechora Sea (Russian: Печо́рское мо́ре , or Pechorskoye More), is a sea at the northwest of Russia, the southeastern part of the Barents Sea. The western border of the sea is off Kolguyev Island, while the eastern border is the western coasts of Vaygach Island and the Yugorsky Peninsula, and the northern border the southern end of Novaya Zemlya.
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Heilongjiang Heilongjiang () is a province of the People's Republic of China. Located in the northeastern part of the country, Heilongjiang is bordered by Jilin to the south and Inner Mongolia to the west. It also shares a China–Russia border with Russia to the north and east. The capital and the largest city of the province is Harbin. Among Chinese provincial level Administrative divisions, Heilongjiang is the 6th largest by total area and the 15th most populous.
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Khotogoid Khotogoid (Mongolian: Хотгойд, transliteration: "Khotgoid") is a subgroup of Mongol people in northwestern Mongolia. The Khotogoid people live roughly between Uvs Lake to the west and the Delgermörön river to the east. The Khotogoids belong to north western Khalkha and were one of the major groups that make up Khalkha.
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Lake Baikal Lake Baikal (Russian: о́зеро Байка́л , "Ozero Baykal"; ] ; Buryat: Байгал нуур , Mongolian: Байгал нуур , "Baygal nuur", etymologically meaning, in Mongolian, "the Nature Lake") is a rift lake in Russia, located in southern Siberia, between Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast.
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Circassia Circassia (Adyghe: Адыгэ Хэку , Russian: Черке́сия , Georgian: ჩერქეზეთი , Arabic: شيركاسيا‎ ‎ , , Turkish: "Çerkesya" ) is a region in the North Caucasus and along the northeast shore of the Black Sea. It is the ancestral homeland of the Circassian people.
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Barents Region The Barents Region is a name given, by advocates of establishing international cooperation after the fall of the Soviet Union, to the land along the coast of the Barents Sea, from Nordland in Norway to the Kola Peninsula in Russia and beyond all the way to the Ural Mountains and Novaya Zemlya, and south to the Gulf of Bothnia of the Baltic Sea and the great lakes Ladoga and Onega. Among the projects is the Barents Road from Bodø in Norway through Haparanda in Sweden and Finland to Murmansk in Russia. One concrete sign of the increased communication within the region is the establishment in 2006 of an IKEA store in Haparanda, targeting customers 500 km away in Murmansk and northern Norway. The region has six million inhabitants on 1.75 million km; three quarters of both belong to Russia.
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Middle East The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt in North Africa. The corresponding adjective is "Middle-Eastern" and the derived noun is "Middle-Easterner". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to the Far East) beginning in the early 20th century.
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Dongyi The Dongyi or Eastern Yi () was a collective term, referring to ancient peoples who lived in eastern China during the prehistory of ancient China and in lands located to the east of ancient China. The people referred to as Dongyi vary across the ages. They were one of the Four Barbarians in Chinese culture, along with the Northern Di, the Southern Man, and the Western Rong; as such, the name "Yi" was something of a catch-all and was applied to different groups over time.