Who issued the first predecessor of the currency that is awarded to the winner of the Indira Gandhi Prize?
1795759ce66eb05ae5cd5c0ac3fd6216
Indira Gandhi Prize The Indira Gandhi Prize or the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize or the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development is the prestigious award accorded annually by India to individuals or organisations in recognition of creative efforts toward promoting international peace, development and a new international economic order; ensuring that scientific discoveries are used for the larger good of humanity, and enlarging the scope of freedom. The prize carries a cash award of 2.5 million Indian rupees and a citation. A written work, in order to be eligible for consideration, should have been published. The panel constituted by the Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust consists of prominent national and international personalities including previous recipients. The recipients are chosen from a pool of national and international nominees.
3e7c28872650140179da22c6676ba804
Indian rupee The Indian rupee (sign: ₹ ; code: INR), is the official currency of the Republic of India. The rupee is subdivided into 100 "paise" (singular "paisa"), though as of 2011, 25 paise is no longer considered legal tender. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Reserve Bank of India. The Reserve Bank manages currency in India and derives its role in currency management on the basis of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The rupee is named after the silver coin, "rupiya", first issued by Sultan Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century and later continued by the Mughal Empire.
98c02955298eead3304b457cd61e4d51
Coins of the South African rand The coins of the South African rand are part of the physical form of South Africa's currency, the South African rand. In 1961, South Africa replaced the pound with a decimal currency: 100 cents (100c) = 1 rand (R1), 1 rand being valued at 10 shillings and 1 cent at 1.2 pence.
7fc5752b05dac881f256ad70131e8965
Europa (currency) The europa was a token coinage created in 1928 by Joseph Archer, a politician and industrialist from the Nièvre region of France. The currency was promoted by Philibert Besson, the elected deputy for the Haute-Loire who, along with Archer, was an important figure in the early European federalist movement. The coins were minted in the name of a hypothetical "Federated States of Europe" ("États Fédérés d'Europe"). Unlike contemporary currencies that were based on the gold standard, the europa derived its notional value from labour.
5029a7794bd771e9b0ef973eea9ca023
Brazilian cruzado The cruzado was the currency of Brazil from 1986 to 1989. It replaced the second cruzeiro (at first called the "cruzeiro novo") in 1986, at a rate of 1 cruzado = 1000 cruzeiros (novos) and was replaced in 1989 by the cruzado novo at a rate of 1000 cruzados = 1 cruzado novo.
a03f9c5ae54f4cb05d6d114cb50bfa89
Oriental Bank Corporation The Oriental Bank Corporation () was a bank in India in the 19th century. It was also the first bank in Hong Kong and the first bank to issue banknotes in Hong Kong.
0144e95ca6588c6fe4be74d0fa14dcd6
One-baht coin The one-baht coin is a currency unit of the Thai baht. It is commonly called "rian baht" (Thai:เหรียญบาท) by Thai speakers ("rian" meaning "coin" in Thai). Like all coins in Thailand, its obverse features King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Its reverse features Wat Phra Sri Rattana Satsadaram or Wat Phra Kaew, the royal temple in Bangkok's Grand Palace complex.
6f7e28dcd9f40ad3761d0ee98981b7ef
South West African pound The South West African pound was issued between the 1930s and 1959 by the Standard Bank of South Africa Limited, Barclays Bank (Dominion, Colonial and Overseas), and Volkskas Limited. These notes circulated along with the South African pound notes of the South African Reserve Bank until 1961, when they were withdrawn and replaced with Rand notes only. The South West African pound was pegged at par with the South African pound, which had replaced the South West African mark in 1918.
0b0c9768328c4a4df55ae19c9d63a584
Banknotes of the Czechoslovak koruna (1919) The first banknotes in First Czechoslovak Republic were issues of the Austro-Hungarian Bank to which adhesive stamps were affixed. Denominations were of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1000 korun (provisional issue). Regular banknotes of Czechoslovak koruna were subsequently issued (initially dated 15 April 1919) by the Republic of Czechoslovakia between 1919 and 1926, in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 korun. The Czechoslovak National Bank took over production in 1926, issuing notes for 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 korun.
860c67c4f9855fe539b621442003a628
Indian Currency Committee The Indian Currency Committee or Fowler Committee was a government committee appointed by the British-run Government of India on 29 April 1898 to examine the currency situation in India. Until 1892, silver was the metal on which Indian currency and coinage had largely been based. In 1892, the Government of India announced its intent to ""close Indian mints to silver"" and, in 1893, it brought this policy into force. The committee recommended that the official Indian rupee be based on the gold standard and the official exchange rate of the rupee be established at 15 rupees per British sovereign, or 1 shilling and 4 pence per rupee. The British Imperial Government accepted the recommendations of the commission in July 1899.
eab7c7c9e6684ac731d5fe2b0817d116
P Raghavendra Rau Sir Panambur Raghavendra Rau, IAAS (July 1889 – January 1942) was born in Panambur in 1889. He studied at Coondapur High School where he won the M.R.R.Y Medal for standing first in the Presidency Matriculation Examination in 1904. In 1907, He graduated from Madras Christian College, in which he stood first in all the examinations at the University level, winning the prestigious Gunn Medal. He joined the Indian Audits and Accounts Service in 1912. He was successively the Assistant Controller of Currency, Assistant Secretary and Under Secretary, Finance Department, Government of India, Assistant Secretary, Lee Commission, and Deputy Director of Finance, Railway Board. As budget officer and secretary, Public Accounts Committee, he was also the treasurer of Delhi University. He served as Financial Commissioner for the Accounts Service on the Indian Railways between 1932-1937, and was the first Indian to hold this post. He served as Accountant-General, Bombay, as government director on the Central Board of the Reserve Bank of India and finally as Additional Secretary of the Finance Department at the Government of India until his death. He was also the first Indian to hold this post. He was knighted in 1937. Sir P Raghavendra Rau was also the first Indian to sign the one-rupee note but it never went into circulation because he died in 1942 from diabetes before he officially became finance secretary.
3af8b3be025da9f0a98de40e7aff0edc
Nevisian dollar The dollar was the currency of Nevis until 1830. The currency consisted of counterstamped Spanish and French colonial coins. The dollar was subdivided into 72 "black dogs", each of 1½ pence. Around 1801, coins were issued for 1, 4, 6, 7 and 9 black dogs with the word "Nevis" and the denomination stamped on them. The 1 black dog coins were countermarked on French Guianan 2 sous, whilst the 9 black dogs were made from Spanish colonial 1 real coins. In 1830, sterling was established as the official currency of the island.
bdcd51a00ac9563457ea8735162649d0
Hong Kong one-cent note The one-cent banknote was the smallest denominated banknote issued in Hong Kong. They were issued by the government and were initially released on 30 May 1941 and printed by Noronha and Company Limited to provide small change because of a lack of coinage brought on by the second world war. The first issue was 42 by 75 mm, the obverse was brown with a serial number of seven numbers with either no prefix or an A or B prefix. This side was mostly in English, except for "Government of Hong Kong" which was also in Chinese. The reverse was red and the denomination in English and Chinese. After the Japanese take over of Hong Kong the issue was replaced by the Japanese Military Yen.
298990492adedf97816dcda3817de23b
Rhodesian dollar The dollar ("R$") was the currency of Rhodesia between 1970 and 1980. It was subdivided into 100 cents.
053791c7878b379a975ab0254fe6021e
Half farthing The British half farthing ( ⁄ d) coin, usually simply known as a half farthing, was a unit of currency equaling one one-thousand-nine-hundred-and-twentieth of a pound sterling, or one eighth of a penny. It was minted in copper for use in Ceylon, but in 1842 they were declared legal tender in the United Kingdom. Two different obverses were used. Like all British coinage, it bore the portrait of the monarch on the obverse.
273bbb133556cc4609b190e09a898cf8
Thai baht The baht ( ; Thai: บาท ,  ] ; sign: ฿; code: THB) is the currency of Thailand. It is subdivided into 100 "satang" (สตางค์ ,  ] ). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand.
86b9a414fff206e24883be2f4931e53b
Five pence (Irish coin) The five pence (5p) (Irish: "cúig phingin" ) coin was a subdivision of the Irish pound. It was introduced in Ireland on Decimal Day, 15 February 1971 and reused the design on the shilling coin produced for the Irish Free State in 1928. Some shilling coins remained in circulation until the early 1990s, with the same nominal value as the five pence coin.
027cb3a79b740399d410e75536845b8f
Saint Lucia livre The livre was the currency of Saint Lucia until 1814. The Saint Lucia livre was a French colonial currency, distinguished by the use of various cut Spanish and Spanish colonial coins. The livre was subdivided into 20 "sous", each of 12 "deniers". The "escalin" was worth 15 sous, with the "stampee" worth 3 sous 9 denier (¼ escalin). Until 1813, 12 escalins were equal to 8 reales (the Spanish dollar), after which 15 escalins equaled 8 reales. In 1851, sterling was introduced for circulation.
3c70fa1db4c9d4fcade1097baf67a270
Coins of the Indian rupee Coins of the Indian rupee were first minted in 1950. New coins have been produced annually since then and they make up a valuable aspect of the Indian currency system. Today, circulating coins exist in denominations of 50 p (i.e. 50 paisa or ₹0.50), ₹1, ₹2, ₹5, and ₹10. All of these are produced by four mints located across India, in Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Noida.
f15d24c1b826601fd7f9a88f907983b1
Setu coins Setu coins or Setu bull coins are found in large quantities in the northern part of Sri Lanka and in Southern India. Codrington in his book "Ceylon Coins and Currency" published in 1924 and Mitchiner in his book "Oriental Coins" published in 1978 have clearly pointed out that the traditional design of Sri Lanka standing King Type Copper Massa (coins) of the Jaffna Kingdoms belongs to the Aryacakravarti dynasty from 1284 AD to 1410 AD. Setu coins were previously attributed to the Setupati Princes of Ramanathapuram in South India. There are two series one in the issued from the 13th to the 15th centuries and the other after the brief loss of sovereignty to the rival Kotte kingdom from 1450 to 1467 and reconstitution of the Kingdom. Even during the rule of Sapumal Kumaraya coins were issued in Jaffna that was distinct. Three types of this series are illustrated below. The obverse of these coins have a human figure flanked by lamps and the reverse has the Nandi (bull) symbol, the legend "Sethu" in Tamil with a crescent moon above.
f9f2f03a76f6154a0359a82efe2cbb72
Indian 100-rupee note The Indian 100-rupee banknote (₹ 100) is a denomination of the Indian rupee. It has been in continuous production since Reserve Bank of India took over the functions of the controller of currency in India in 1935. The present 100 banknote in circulation is a part of the Mahatma Gandhi Series, which replaced the Lion Capital Series of banknotes in 1996.
0d3b239bd94f772296033a1f63f2b382
Estonian mark The Estonian mark (Estonian:"Eesti mark") was the currency of Estonia between 1918 and 1927. It was initially equivalent to the German ostmark, which had been circulating alongside the Russian ruble since the German occupation. It was divided into 100 "penns" (in Nominative case: "penn"). It was replaced in 1928 by the Estonian kroon at a rate of 1 kroon = 100 marka.