Bruno Tesch was part of the team that invented what cyanide-based pesticide?
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Bruno Tesch Bruno Emil Tesch (14 August 1890 – 16 May 1946) was a German chemist and entrepreneur. Together with Gerhard Peters and Walter Heerdt, he invented the insecticide Zyklon B, infamous for having been used by Nazi Germany to exterminate approximately a million of the victims of the Holocaust. He was the owner of Tesch & Stabenow (called "Testa"), a pest control company he co-founded in 1924 with Paul Stabenow in Hamburg, Germany, which was a major supplier of Zyklon B to the Nazi concentration camps.
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Zyklon B Zyklon B ( ; ] ; translated Cyclone B) was the trade name of a cyanide-based pesticide invented in Germany in the early 1920s. It consisted of hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid), as well as a cautionary eye irritant and one of several adsorbents such as diatomaceous earth. The product is infamous for its use by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust to murder approximately one million people in gas chambers installed at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Majdanek, and other extermination camps.
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Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes is an aerobic, Gram-negative soil bacterium that was first isolated from swimming pool water. It can also be found in cutting fluid. It is able to use cyanide as a nitrogen source, and as a result, it may be used for bioremediation. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, "P. pseudoalcaligenes" has been placed in the "P. aeruginosa" group.
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Julius Fromm Julius Fromm (4 March 1883 – 12 May 1945) was a German entrepreneur of Polish-Jewish descent, a chemist and inventor of a process for making condoms from liquefied rubber.
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Bt brinjal The Bt brinjal is a suite of transgenic brinjals (also known as an eggplant or aubergine) created by inserting a crystal protein gene ("Cry1Ac") from the soil bacterium "Bacillus thuringiensis" into the genome of various brinjal cultivars. The insertion of the gene, along with other genetic elements such as promoters, terminators and an antibiotic resistance marker gene into the brinjal plant is accomplished using "Agrobacterium"-mediated genetic transformation. The Bt brinjal has been developed to give resistance against lepidopteron insects, in particular the Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer ("Leucinodes orbonalis")(FSB). Mahyco, an Indian seed company based in Jalna, Maharashtra, has developed the Bt brinjal.
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Richard Willstätter Richard Martin Willstätter, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'ForMemRS', '4': "} (13 August 1872 – 3 August 1942) was a German organic chemist whose study of the structure of plant pigments, chlorophyll included, won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Willstätter invented paper chromatography independently of Mikhail Tsvet.
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Wilhelm Steinkopf Georg Wilhelm Steinkopf (28 June 1879 – 12 March 1949) was a German chemist. Today he is mostly remembered for his work on the production of mustard gas during World War I.
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Cadmium cyanide Cadmium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula Cd(CN). It is a white crystalline compound that is used in electroplating. It is very toxic, along with other cadmium and cyanide compounds.
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Cyhalothrin Cyhalothrin is an organic compound that is used as a pesticide. It is a pyrethroid, a class of man-made insecticides that mimic the structure and insecticidal properties of the naturally occurring insecticide pyrethrum which comes from the flowers of chrysanthemums. Synthetic pyrethroids, like lambda-cyhalothrin, are often preferred as an active ingredient in insecticides because they remain effective for longer periods of time. It is a colorless solid, although samples can appear beige, with a mild odor. It has a low water solubility and is nonvolatile. It is used to control insects in cotton crops.
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Friedrich Oskar Giesel Friedrich Oskar Giesel (20 May 1852 – 13 November 1927, known as Fritz) was a German organic chemist. During his work in a quinine factory in the late 1890s he started to work on the at-that-time-new field of radiochemistry and started the production of radium. In the period between 1902 and 1904 he was able to isolate a new element emanium. In a now controversially reviewed process it was stated that emanium is identical to actinium, which was discovered by André-Louis Debierne in 1899.
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Ecocide Ecocide, or ecocatastrophe, is the extensive damage to, destruction of or loss of ecosystem(s) of a given territory, whether by human agency or by other, to such an extent that peaceful enjoyment by the inhabitants of that territory has been or will be severely diminished. Ecocide may have been previously used to refer to a very potent pesticide, particularly 1080 (sodium flouracetate).
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4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide 4-Phenylthiosemicarbazide (4-PTSC) is a thiosemicarbazide used as an agricultural chemical and pesticide. It also possesses antibacterial properties attributed to electron delocalisation in the thiosemicarbazide moiety.
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Chlordane The name Chlordane, or chlordan, is commonly used as both a specific chemical (with trans-and cis- isomers) and as a mixture of compounds (main components- heptachlor, chlordane, and nonachlor). This mixture, more specifically called technical chlordane, was first produced in the 1940s by Julius Hyman. Technical chlordane development was by chance, during a search for possible uses of a by-product of synthetic rubber manufacturing. By chlorinating this by-product, persistent and potent insecticides were easily and cheaply produced. The chlorine atoms, 7 in the case of heptachlor and 8 in chlordane, and 9 in the case of nonachlor, surround and stabilize the cyclodiene ring and thus these compounds are referred to as cyclodienes. Other members of the cyclodiene family of organochorine insecticides are aldrin and its epoxide, dieldrin, as well as endrin, which is a stereoisomer of dieldrin. These highly chlorinated cyclodienes are both resistant to degradation in the environment and in humans/animals and readily accumulate in lipids (fats) of human/animals. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has compiled a list of symptoms for both acutely and chronically exposed persons Symptoms and Treatment
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Tetraborane Tetraborane (systematically named "arachno"-tetraborane(10)) was the first boron hydride compound to be classified by Stock and Messenez in 1912 and was first isolated by Alfred Hock. It has a relatively low boiling point at 18 °C and is a gas at room temperature. Tetraborane gas is foul smelling and toxic.
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Chlorbenside Chlorbenside (CHClS), also known as chlorparaside and chlorsulfacide, is a pesticide. It is most commonly used as an acaricide being used to kill mites and ticks.
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Heptachlor Heptachlor is an organochlorine compound that was used as an insecticide. Usually sold as a white or tan powder, heptachlor is one of the cyclodiene insecticides. In 1962, Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" questioned the safety of heptachlor and other chlorinated insecticides. Due to its highly stable structure, heptachlor can persist in the environment for decades. The US EPA has limited the sale of heptachlor products to the specific application of fire ant control in underground transformers. The amount that can be present in different foods is regulated.
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Ernst T. Krebs Ernst Theodore Krebs, Jr. (May 17, 1911 – September 8, 1996) was an American biochemist who promoted various substances as alternative cures for cancer, including pangamic acid and amygdalin. He also co-patented the semi-synthetic chemical compound closely related to amygdalin named laetrile, which was also promoted as a cancer preventative and cure. His medical claims about these compounds are not supported by scientific evidence and are widely considered quackery.
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Max Duttenhofer Max Duttenhofer (May 20, 1843 in Rottweil – August 14, 1903 in Tübingen, full name: Max Wilhelm Heinrich Duttenhofer, 1896: Max von Duttenhofer) was a German entrepreneur and industrialist. His factory invented smokeless gunpowder.
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Julius Wilbrand Julius Bernhard Friedrich Adolph Wilbrand (August 22, 1839 – June 22, 1906) was a German chemist. Born in Gießen, he discovered trinitrotoluene in 1863, but the compound's use as an explosive was not developed until later. Wilbrand obtained trinitrotoluene or TNT by the nitration of toluene.
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Victor Villiger Victor Villiger (1 September 1868 – 10 June 1934) was a Swiss-born German chemist and the discoverer of the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation.
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Cloudbuster A cloudbuster (or cloud buster) is a pseudoscientific device designed by Austrian psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957), which Reich said could produce rain by manipulating what he called "orgone energy" present in the atmosphere.
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Clothianidin Clothianidin is an insecticide developed by Takeda Chemical Industries and Bayer AG. Similar to thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, it is a neonicotinoid. Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides that are chemically similar to nicotine, which has been used as a pesticide since the late 1700s. Clothianidin and other neonicotinoids act on the central nervous system of insects as an agonist of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter that stimulates nAChR, targeting the same receptor site (AChR) and activating post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors but not inhibiting AChE. Clothianidin and other neonicotinoids were developed to last longer than nicotine, which is more toxic and which breaks down too quickly in the environment. However, studies published in 2012 show that neonicotinoid dust released at planting time may persist in nearby fields for several years and be taken up into non-target plants, which are then foraged by bees and other insects.