Operation Gardel was the codename given by the Peronist guerrilla organization Montoneros to the downing of a Lockheed C-130 Hercules, carrying 114 Gendarmerie personnel as part of the Operativo Independencia, was the code-name of the Argentine military operation in the Tucumán Province, started in what year, to crush the ERP —"Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo" or "People's Revolutionary Army"—, a Guevarist guerrilla group?
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Operation Gardel Operation Gardel was the codename given by the Peronist guerrilla organization Montoneros to the downing of a Lockheed C-130 Hercules, belonging to the 1st Transport Group of the 1st Air Brigade, as it took off the old "Teniente General Benjamín Matienzo" International Airport, carrying 114 Gendarmerie personnel as part of the Operativo Independencia.
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Operativo Independencia Operativo Independencia (Spanish for "Operation Independence") was the code-name of the Argentine military operation in the Tucumán Province, started in 1975 to crush the ERP —"Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo" or "People's Revolutionary Army"—, a Guevarist guerrilla group, which tried to create a Vietnam-style war front in the Tucumán Province, in northwestern Argentina. It was the first large-scale military operation of the Dirty War.
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Montoneros Montoneros (Spanish: "Movimiento Peronista Montonero-MPM" ) was an Argentine leftist terrorist and urban guerrilla group, active during the 1960s and 1970s. The name is an allusion to the 19th century cavalry militias, called Montoneras, who fought for the Partido Federal during the Argentine Civil Wars.
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Bombing of Guernica The bombing of Guernica (26 April 1937) was an aerial bombing of the Basque town of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. It was carried out at the behest of Francisco Franco's nationalist government by its allies, the Nazi German Luftwaffe's Condor Legion and the Fascist Italian Aviazione Legionaria, under the code name Operation Rügen. The town was being used as a communications center behind the frontline. The operation opened the way to Franco's capture of Bilbao and his victory in northern Spain.
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Government Junta of Chile (1891) Revolutionary Junta of Iquique (Spanish: "Junta Revolucionaria de Iquique" ) (April 13, 1891 - December 26, 1891), was the political structure established to challenge the power of Chilean President José Manuel Balmaceda following the insurrection of the navy that started the 1891 Chilean Civil War. It ruled the country until Admiral Jorge Montt assumed power as the new President after the defeat of President Balmaceda.
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Army Intelligence Service Servicio de Inteligencia del Ejército ("Army Intelligence Service", SIE) is the Argentine Army's intelligence agency. It is a division of J-2 and reports to the Army's Jefatura II (the General Staff's intelligence service).
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Norte Grande insurrection Norte Grande insurrection (December 25, 1931) (Spanish: "Motín del Norte Grande" ) was a violent (and ultimately unsuccessful) attempt against the government of Chilean President Juan Esteban Montero.
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Operation Ring Operation Ring (Russian: Операция «Кольцо», "Operatsia Koltso" ; Armenian: «Օղակ» գործողություն, "Oghak gortsoğut'yun" ), known in Azerbaijan as the Chaykend Operation (Azerbaijani: "Çaykənd əməliyyatı" ) was the codename for the May 1991 military operation conducted by Soviet Internal Security Forces and OMON units in the Armenian populated regions of Western Azerbaijan in the Lesser Caucasus mountains, the Shusha, Martakert and Hadrut regions of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, and along the northwestern border of the Armenian SSR in Noyemberyan, Goris and Tavush. Officially dubbed a "passport checking operation," the ostensible goal launched by the Soviet Union's internal and defense ministries was to disarm Armenian militia detachments that had been organized in "[illegally] armed formations." The operation involved the use of ground troops who accompanied a complement of military vehicles, artillery and helicopter gunships to be used to root out the self-described Armenian "fedayeen".
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Argentine Federal Police The Argentine Federal Police (Spanish: Policía Federal Argentina or PFA) is a civil police force of the Argentine federal government. The PFA has detachments throughout the country, but until January 1, 2017, when the Buenos Aires City Police took over, its main responsibility was policing the Federal District of Buenos Aires.
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Secret Anti-Communist Army The Secret Anti-Communist Army (Spanish: "Ejército Secreto Anticomunista" , ESA) was a front organization that operated in Guatemala and El Salvador during the Guatemalan Civil War. Like other earlier organizations, such as the MANO and the CADEG, the ESA existed as a front for a covert program of selective assassination by the Guatemalan security services. The first documentation of it came from the New York Times on 4 August 1977. The ESA made its existence more widely known during the upheaval caused by the September 1978 bus fare strikes in Guatemala City. On 18 October 1978, the ESA authored the first of a series of public bulletins containing "death lists" of persons which the organization considered to be "communists". It claimed to be independent, but was coordinated and staffed by members of the military and security services and was allegedly run by Colonel German Chupina Barahona, Director General of the National Police (PN) from 1978 to 1982. Often, the lists of targets were provided by the Minister of the Interior, Donaldo Alvarez Ruiz.
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1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands On 2 April 1982, Argentine forces launched the invasion of the Falkland Islands (Spanish: "Islas Malvinas" ), beginning the Falklands War. The Argentines mounted amphibious landings, and the invasion ended with the final surrender of Government House.
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National Liberation Army (Peru) The National Liberation Army (abbreviated as ELN, Spanish: Ejército de Liberación Nacional) was a Peruvian guerrilla group. It sought to gather militants regardless of their political affiliation. A short-lived movement that was formed in 1962 and carried out numerous small skirmishes and actions culminating in a seven-month peak of militant actions in 1965, the ELN was largely scattered by the Peruvian Army by December 1965.
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Operation Pliers Operation Pliers, also known as Operación Tenaza or Operation Pincers is the name of an alleged U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) plan to incite insurrection following the 2 December 2007 referendum on constitutional changes in Venezuela. The Venezuelan government published details of the alleged plans shortly before election day, and threatened to cut off oil supplies to the U.S. if there was violence after the referendum. The US rejected the document as a fake and called the allegations ridiculous.
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Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador The Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador (Spanish: "Junta Revolucionaria de Gobierno" , JRG) was the military dictatorship that ruled El Salvador between October 15, 1979 and May 2, 1982. It contained two colonels, Adolfo Arnaldo Majano Ramos and Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez Avendaño, and three civilians, Guillermo Ungo, Mario Antonio Andino and Román Mayorga Quirós. During its reign, the Revolutionary Government was the source of mass murder, torture, executions and unexplained disappearances.
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Mauricio Jaramillo Mauricio Jaramillo (born 1952) is the "nom de guerre" of Jaime Alberto Parra or Wilson Valderrama Cano a former high-ranking guerrilla commander of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), also known as "El Médico" (the medic). Jaramillo became a member of the FARC Secretariat in March, 2008, replacing Iván Ríos.
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Liberating Expedition of Peru The Expedición Libertadora del Perú (Liberating Expedition of Peru) was organized in 1820 by the government of Chile, with elements belonging to the Liberating Army of the Andes and to recently restored Army of Chile, whose target was to free the Viceroyalty of Perú from Spanish rule. The expedition was the continuation of the plan of liberation that General Bernardo O'Higgins and General José de San Martín conceived for the Spanish colonies of South America. While the Chilean government headed by Bernardo O'Higgins played a pivotal role in organizing the expedition, the control of the Chilean Squadron was given to Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald and the control of the ground force relapsed into the Argentine General José de San Martín. The expedition managed to liberate parts of Peru.
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Operation Peristera Operation Peristera (Greek: Επιχείρηση «Περιστερά» , "dove" in Greek) was a military campaign for control of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Greek Civil War.
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Operation Galaxia Operation Galaxia (Spanish: "Operación Galaxia" ) was the codename given to the plan which preceded the 23-F attempted coup d'état in Spain. It was named Galaxia, because the officers who took part met in "Cafetería Galaxia" in Madrid (now, Van Gogh Café), on 11 November 1978.
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Death flights Death flights (Spanish: vuelos de la muerte ) are a form of extrajudicial killing practised by military forces in possession of aircraft: victims are dropped to their death from airplanes or helicopters into large bodies of water (e.g. the ocean). Death flights have been carried out in a number of internal conflicts, including the 1957 Battle of Algiers. Most notably a great many victims were killed this way by the junta dictatorship during the Argentine 1974–1983 "Dirty War".
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Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War The final offensive of the Spanish Civil War took place between 26 March and 1 April 1939, towards the end of the Spanish Civil War. On 5 March 1939, the Republican Army led by Colonel Segismundo Casado and the politician Julián Besteiro rose against the Socialist prime minister Juan Negrín and formed a military junta, the National Defence Council ("Consejo Nacional de Defensa" or "CND") in order to negotiate a peace deal. Negrín fled to France but the Communist troops around Madrid rose against the junta, starting a civil war within the civil war. Casado defeated them and started peace negotiations with the Nationalists. Francisco Franco, however, was prepared to accept only an unconditional surrender. On 26 March the Nationalists started a general offensive and by 31 March they controlled all Spanish territory. Hundreds of thousands of Republicans were arrested and interned in concentration camps.
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Trial of the Juntas The Trial of the Juntas (Spanish, Juicio a las Juntas) was the judicial trial of the members of the "de facto" military government that ruled Argentina during the dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional ("el proceso"), which lasted from 1976 to 1983.
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Parsley massacre The Parsley Massacre (Spanish: el corte "the cutting"; Haitian Creole: kout kouto-a "the stabbing") was carried out in October 1937 against Haitians living in the Dominican Republic. It was carried out by Dominican Army troops on the direct orders of Dictator Rafael Trujillo. Estimates of the total number of deaths vary considerably, ranging from a low of 547 to a high of 12,166 (see below).