In which year did the French President, who decorated René Cheruy with the Cross of the French Legion of Honor, resign ?
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René Cheruy René Cheruy (1880-1965) was a soldier, educator and artist who served as a secretary to French sculptor Auguste Rodin, was a professor of French language and literature, was decorated by the French and British governments receiving the Croix de Guerre and the British Silver Military Medal for bravery in the field and was decorated with the Cross of the French Legion of Honor by French President Charles de Gaulle for his service to the French government during and after World War I. He was married to costume designer, artist and educator Germaine Cheruy and lived in the Art Colony of old Fort Lowell.
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Charles de Gaulle Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (] ; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman. He was the leader of Free France (1940–44) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–46). In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969. He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics.
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Claude Gewerc Claude Gewerc (born 21 June 1947 in Bergen-Belsen, Germany) is a retired French politician, and President of the regional council of Picardy.
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Émile Muselier Émile Henry Muselier (Marseilles, 17 April 1882 – Toulon, 2 September 1965) was a French admiral who led the Free French Naval Forces ("Forces navales françaises libres", or FNFL) during World War II. He was responsible for the idea of distinguishing his fleet from that of Vichy France by adopting the Cross of Lorraine, which later became the emblem of all of the Free French. After entering the French Naval Academy ("École Navale") in 1899, he embarked on a brilliant and eventful military career. He ran unsuccessfully in the legislative elections of 1946 as vice-president of the Rally of Left Republicans ("Rassemblement des gauches républicaines"), and then entered private life as a consulting engineer before his retirement in 1960. He is buried in the cemetery of St. Pierre, at Marseilles.
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Paul Deschanel Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (] ; 13 February 1855 in Schaerbeek28 April 1922) was a French statesman. He served as President of France from 18 February to 21 September 1920.
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National Order of Merit (France) The National Order of Merit (French: "Ordre national du Mérite" ) is a French order of merit with membership awarded by the President of the French Republic, founded on 3 December 1963 by President Charles de Gaulle. The reason for the order's establishment was twofold: to replace the large number of ministerial orders previously awarded by the ministries; and to create an award that can be awarded at a lower level than the Legion of Honour, which is generally reserved for French citizens. It comprises about 187,000 members worldwide.
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Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI The resignation of Pope Benedict XVI occurred on 28 February 2013 at 20:00 (8:00 PM) CET (19:00 UTC). The resignation was first announced on the morning of 11 February 2013 by the Vatican. Benedict XVI's decision to step down as leader of the Catholic Church made him the first pope to relinquish the office since Gregory XII in 1415 (who did so in order to end the Western Schism), and the first to do so on his own initiative since Celestine V in 1294. The move was unexpected, given that popes in the modern era have held the position from election until death. The Pope stated that the reason for his decision was his declining health due to old age. The conclave to select his successor began on 12 March 2013 and elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina, who took the name of Francis.
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Jean-Claude Juncker Jean-Claude Juncker (] ; born 9 December 1954) is a Luxembourgish politician who since 2014 has been President of the European Commission, one of the main institutions of the European Union.
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Jean-Claude Duvalier Jean-Claude Duvalier (] ), nicknamed “Baby Doc” (Haitian Creole: "Bebe Dòk" ) (3 July 19514 October 2014), was the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded his father François "Papa Doc" Duvalier as the ruler of Haiti after the latter's death in 1971. After assuming power, he introduced cosmetic changes to his father's regime and delegated much authority to his advisors. Thousands of Haitians were killed or tortured, and hundreds of thousands fled the country during his presidency. He maintained a notoriously lavish lifestyle (including a state-sponsored US$  2million wedding in 1980) while poverty among his people remained the most widespread of any country in the Western Hemisphere.
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Abdou Diouf Abdou Diouf ( ; Serer: "Abdu Juuf" ; born September 7, 1935) is a Senegalese politician who served as the second President of Senegal from 1981 to 2000. Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession, and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to Abdoulaye Wade. He served as the second Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie from January 2003 to December 2014.
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Henri Georges Boulay de la Meurthe Henri Georges Boulay de la Meurthe was the only person to ever have the title of Vice-President of France.
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René Schneider General René Schneider Chereau (December 31, 1913 – October 25, 1970) was the commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army at the time of the 1970 Chilean presidential election, when he was assassinated during a botched kidnapping attempt. He coined the doctrine of military-political mutual exclusivity that became known as the Schneider Doctrine.
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Prime Minister of France The French Prime Minister (French: "Premier ministre français" ) in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. During the Third and Fourth Republics, the head of government position was called President of the Council of Ministers (French: "Président du Conseil des Ministres" ), generally shortened to President of the Council (French: "Président du Conseil" ).
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Marie-Pierre Kœnig Marie-Pierre Kœnig (] ; 10 October 1898 – 2 September 1970) was a French army officer and politician. He commanded a Free French Brigade at the Battle of Bir Hakeim in North Africa in 1942.
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Cécilia Attias Cécilia María Sara Isabel Attias (née Ciganer-Albéniz, previously Martin and Sarkozy) (born 12 November 1957) was the second spouse of French President Nicolas Sarkozy until October 2007.
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Georges Pompidou Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (] ; 5 July 19112 April 1974) was Prime Minister of France from 1962 to 1968—the longest tenure in the position's history—and later President of the French Republic from 1969 until his death in 1974. He had long been a top aide to president Charles de Gaulle. As president, he was a moderate conservative who repaired France's relationship with the United States, and maintained positive relations with the newly-independent former colonies in Africa.
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Jean-Pierre Bel Jean-Pierre Bel (born 30 December 1951) is a French politician who was President of the Senate of France from 2011 to 2014. From the Ariège department, Bel is a member of the Socialist Party; he was elected to the Senate in September 1998 and re-elected in September 2008. Bel was President of the Socialist Group in the Senate from 2004 to 2011.
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Pierre-René Lemas Pierre-René Lemas (born 23 February 1951 in French Algeria) is a French civil servant. He served as the Chief of Staff of the French President, François Hollande from 2012 to 2014. He has served as the Chairman of the Caisse des dépôts et consignations since 2014.
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Philippe Guerrier Jean-Jacques Louis Philippe Guerrier (December 19, 1757 – April 15, 1845) was a career officer and general in the Haitian Army who became President of Haïti on May 3, 1844. He died in office on April 15, 1845.
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Élysée Palace The Élysée Palace (French: "Palais de l'Élysée" , ] ) has been the official residence of the President of France since 1848. Dating to the early 18th century, it contains the office of the President and the meeting place of the Council of Ministers. It is located near the Champs-Élysées in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, the name Élysée deriving from Elysian Fields, the place of the blessed dead in Greek mythology.
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Jean-Marie Léyé Jean-Marie Léyé Lenelgau (1932 – 9 December 2014) was President of Vanuatu from March 2, 1994 to March 2, 1999. In 1996, he was briefly abducted by the Vanuatu Mobile Force over a pay dispute.
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Raymond Poincaré Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (] ; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served three times as 58th Prime Minister of France, and as President of France from 1913 to 1920. He was a conservative leader, primarily committed to political and social stability.