What genetic material does James Watson and Rosalind Franklin have in common?
62ab0a92c84ef8e49773d387549aab97
James Watson James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin. Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".
0952f4fb5fc6dcfce75bea8310d8c1cb
Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite. Although her works on coal and viruses were appreciated in her lifetime, her contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA were largely recognised posthumously.
1d1bb3657dc62738af6ac9a360b7c685
Somatotype and constitutional psychology Somatotype is a taxonomy developed in the 1940s by American psychologist William Herbert Sheldon to categorize the human physique according to the relative contribution of three fundamental elements which he termed "somatotypes." He named these after the three germ layers of embryonic development: the endoderm, (which develops into the digestive tract), the mesoderm, (which becomes muscle, heart and blood vessels) and the ectoderm (which forms the skin and nervous system). His initial visual methodology has been discounted as subjective and largely discredited, but later formulaic variations of the methodology, developed by his original research assistant Barbara Heath, and later Lindsay Carter and Rob Rempel are still in academic use.
16877c079abbf201ee115417e4fa580b
Cylindrospermopsin Cylindrospermopsin (abbreviated to CYN, or CYL) is a cyanotoxin produced by a variety of freshwater cyanobacteria. CYN is a polycyclic uracil derivative containing guanidino and sulfate groups. It is also zwitterionic, making it highly water soluble. CYN is toxic to liver and kidney tissue and is thought to inhibit protein synthesis and to covalently modify DNA and/or RNA. It is not known whether cylindrospermopsin is a carcinogen, but it appears to have no tumour initiating activity in mice.
45804868a3f66decdf56b97f20e950dd
Kenneth Holmes Kenneth Charles Holmes FRS (born 1934) is a British molecular biologist.
10309470c373987e28dbe727a61d80aa
Jim Watson (biologist) James Douglas Watson (1943 – 13 February 2017) was a New Zealand bio-technologist and entrepreneur.
f559577c790b16bffb3b777614ced179
R-loop An R-loop is a three-stranded nucleic acid structure, composed of a DNA:RNA hybrid and the associated non-template single-stranded DNA. R-loops may be formed in a variety of circumstances, and may be tolerated or cleared by cellular components. The term "R-loop" was given to reflect the similarity of these structures to D-loops; the "R" in this case represents the involvement of an RNA moiety.
5132567fb20dea1ae1beb48db6465ded
Jim Kent William James Kent (born February 10, 1960) is an American research scientist and computer programmer. He has been a contributor to genome database projects and the 2003 winner of the Benjamin Franklin Award.
60a24032c20cd9ea61c650b277aeef38
Lynn Margulis Lynn Margulis (born Lynn Petra Alexander; March 5, 1938 – November 22, 2011) was an American evolutionary theorist and biologist, science author, educator, and popularizer, and was the primary modern proponent for the significance of symbiosis in evolution. Historian Jan Sapp has said that "Lynn Margulis's name is as synonymous with symbiosis as Charles Darwin's is with evolution." In particular, Margulis transformed and fundamentally framed current understanding of the evolution of cells with nuclei – an event Ernst Mayr called "perhaps the most important and dramatic event in the history of life" – by proposing it to have been the result of symbiotic mergers of bacteria. Margulis was also the co-developer of the Gaia hypothesis with the British chemist James Lovelock, proposing that the Earth functions as a single self-regulating system, and was the principal defender and promulgator of the five kingdom classification of Robert Whittaker.
e8c8122f14de066c6f0ded3ea9b7c6e5
Roger Burton Land Roger Burton Land FRSE (1940-1988) was a relatively short-lived but important 20th century British animal geneticist. As Head of the Edinburgh Research Station he was one of the several scientists responsible for laying the groundwork for the creation of Dolly the Sheep. The Roger Land Building within Edinburgh University's King's Buildings complex is named after him.
6a994ceaf49343ea17769db4719ef3c9
Garland Science Garland Science is a publishing group that specializes in developing textbooks in a wide range of life sciences subjects, including cell and molecular biology, immunology, protein chemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics. It is a subsidiary of the Taylor & Francis Group. It was founded in the late 1960s by Gavin Borden (1939-1991) and gained prominence through publishing the textbook "Molecular Biology of the Cell" (authors include Bruce Alberts and Peter Walter; James D. Watson was a previous author), which has been lauded as "the most influential cell biology textbook of its time".
5a63747dd70ce81834a8d02123b3096c
James Chadwick Sir James Chadwick, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atomic bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during the Second World War. He was knighted in England in 1945 for his achievements in physics.
d1da6b02494e925b924becc57086b623
Rodney Harris Professor Rodney Harris CBE, FRCP, FRCPath (born 1932) is a British geneticist.
32e282fc7cc5f822c7f172a9aa2cc8c3
Molecular Biology of the Cell (textbook) Molecular Biology of the Cell is a cellular and molecular biology textbook published by Garland Science and currently authored by Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis (deceased), David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts and Peter Walter. The book was first published in 1983 and is now in its sixth edition. The molecular biologist James Watson contributed to the first three editions.
e9f5abc68d641765ee7f2220a70e8e84
DNA walker A DNA walker is a class of nucleic acid nanomachines where a nucleic acid "walker" is able to move along a nucleic acid "track". The concept of a DNA walker was first defined and named by John H. Reif in 2003 .
b9c27bb36b98029350cfa4164c37d000
James Craig Watson Medal The James Craig Watson Medal was established by the bequest of James Craig Watson, and is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences for contributions to astronomy.
36531db7ff21fe8a2e098e50d118079e
Ronald Fisher Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher FRS (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962), who published as R. A. Fisher, was a British statistician and biologist who used mathematics to combine Mendelian genetics and natural selection. This contributed to the revival of Darwinism in the early 20th century revision of the theory of evolution known as the modern synthesis.
f3a0a0436b6707c4dcf63bb7b6b5b3d1
Hampton L. Carson (biologist) Hampton Lawrence Carson (November 5, 1914 – December 19, 2004) was an eminent American biologist best known for his work on the chromosomes of new species of the fruit fly Drosophila and his contributions to our understanding of their evolution.
c80e422865faf2622c0ac46a74922d7e
Gerald Joyce Gerald Francis "Jerry" Joyce (born 1956) is a professor and researcher at Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the director of the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation. He is best known for his work on in vitro evolution, for the discovery of the first DNA enzyme (deoxyribozyme), for the development of the first self replicating RNA enzyme and more in general for his work on the origin of life.
7b5f60431be66f092b2cd9d049c58934
Julia Bell Julia Bell (28 January 1879 – 26 April 1979) was a pioneering English human geneticist. She attended Girton College in Cambridge and took the Mathematical Tripos exam in 1901. But because women could not officially receive degrees from Oxford or Cambridge, she was awarded a master's degree at Trinity College, Dublin for her work investigating solar parallax at Cambridge Observatory. In 1908, she moved to University College London and obtained a position there as an assistant in statistics.
cfb482307230e8e454fc616c01a91eea
Patricia Baird Patricia Ann Baird, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 11 October 1939) is a British geneticist active in Canada. Her research has specialized on the relationship between medical technology and ethics.
8cf09faf9dd0eb34dda54ae2467c147c
Peter Medawar Sir Peter Brian Medawar {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 28 February 1915 – 2 October 1987) was a British biologist born in Brazil, whose work on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance was fundamental to the practice of tissue and organ transplants. For his works in immunology he is regarded as the "father of transplantation". He is remembered for his wit in real life and popular writings. Famous zoologists such as Richard Dawkins, referred to him as "the wittiest of all scientific writers", and Stephen Jay Gould, as "the cleverest man I have ever known".