Who was the most famous king of the House of Griffins, and King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway in the 14th and 15th centuries?
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House of Griffins The House of Griffins or House of Pomerania (German: "Greifen" ; Polish: "Gryfici" ), also known as "House of Greifen", was a dynasty of dukes ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637. The name "Griffins" was used by the dynasty after the 15th century and had been taken from the ducal coat of arms. Wartislaw I (around 1091 – died August 9, 1135) was the first historical ruler of the Duchy of Pomerania and the founder of the Griffin dynasty. The most prominent Griffin was Eric of Pomerania, who became king of the Kalmar Union in 1397, thus ruling Denmark, Sweden and Norway. The last Griffin duke of Pomerania was Bogislaw XIV, who died during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the division of Pomerania between Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden. Duchess Anna von Croy, daughter of Duke Bogislaw XIII and the last Griffin, died in 1660.
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Eric of Pomerania Eric of Pomerania KG (1381 or 1382 – 24 September 1459) was King Eric (Eirik) III of Norway (1389–1442), King Eric VII of Denmark (1396–1439), and King Eric ("Ericus") of Sweden (1396–1439), in all three known mainly as "Erik af/av Pommern". He was the first King of the Nordic Kalmar Union, succeeding his adoptive mother Margaret I of Denmark, and was also Duke Eric I of Pomerania.
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Jobst of Moravia Jobst of Moravia (Czech: "Jošt Moravský" or "Jošt Lucemburský"; German: "Jo(b)st" or "Jodokus von Mähren"; c. 1354 – 18 January 1411), a member of the House of Luxembourg, was Margrave of Moravia from 1375, Duke of Luxembourg and Elector of Brandenburg from 1388 as well as elected King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1410 until his death. Jobst was an ambitious and versatile ruler, who in the early 15th century dominated the ongoing struggles within the Luxembourg dynasty and around the German throne.
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Jesper Henriksen Jesper Henriksen (in some sources Jesper Henrichsen) (  1425 - before 1493) belonged to the Danish nobility. The son of Henrik Nielsen of , a member of The Council of the Realm during the reign of Eric of Pomerania, Henriksen held among other the position as dean of the Cathedral chapter in Copenhagen. Christian I of Denmark appointed him "Rector magnificus", the first rector of the University of Copenhagen in 1479, a position he held again from 1482 to 1483 .
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Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ingeborg of Mecklenburg (1343/45 – 25 July 1395) was a daughter of Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg and his wife, Euphemia of Sweden. Euphemia was a daughter of Ingeborg of Norway, who was the only legitimate child of King Haakon V of Norway. Thus, Ingeborg of Mecklenburg was Haakon V's great-granddaughter.
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Hunyadi family The Hunyadi family was one of the most powerful noble families in the Kingdom of Hungary during the 15th century. A member of the family, Matthias Corvinus, was King of Hungary from 1458 until 1490, King of Bohemia (ruling in Moravia, Lower Lusatia, Upper Lusatia, and Silesia) from 1469 until 1490, and Duke of Austria from 1487 until 1490. His illegitimate son, John Corvinus, ruled the Duchy of Troppau from 1485 until 1501, and five further Silesian duchies, including Bytom, Głubczyce, Loslau, Racibórz, and Tost, from 1485 until 1490. The Hunyadi coat-of-arms depicted a raven with a golden ring in its beak.
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House of Bjelbo The House of Bjelbo (Swedish: "Bjälboätten" ), also known as the House of Folkung ("Folkungaätten"), was an Ostrogothian Swedish family that provided several medieval Swedish bishops, jarls and kings. It also provided three kings of Norway, and one king of Denmark in the 14th century.
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Hrothgar Hrothgar (Old English: "Hrōðgār" ] ; ) was a legendary Danish king living in the early 6th century.
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Magnus I, Duke of Mecklenburg Magnus I, Duke of Mecklenburg (1345 – 1 September 1384) was Duke of Mecklenburg from 1383 until his death. Magnus was the third son of Duke Albert II of Mecklenburg and his wife Euphemia of Sweden, the sister of the King Magnus IV of Sweden. Sometime after 1362, he married Elizabeth of Pomerania-Wolgast, daughter of Barnim IV, Duke of Pomerania.
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Magnus IV of Sweden Magnus IV (April or May 1316  – 1 December 1374; Swedish "Magnus Eriksson") was King of Sweden from 1319 to 1364, King of Norway as Magnus VII (including Iceland and Greenland) from 1319 to 1343, and ruler of Scania from 1332 to 1360. By adversaries he has been called "Magnus Smek" (English: "Magnus the Caresser").
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Sven Aggesen Svend Aggesen (or "Sven"; also known as "Aggessøn", "Aggesøn" or "Aagesen", in Latin "Sveno Aggonis"; born around 1140 to 1150, death unknown) is the author of "Brevis historia regum Dacie", one of the first attempts to write a coherent history of Denmark covering the period 300AD-1185AD. Only the "Chronicon Roskildense" may precede Aggesen's efforts.
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Charles Ulvsson, Lord of Tofta Charles of Tofta, a.k.a. "Karl Ulfson" (died 1407) was a 14th-century Swedish magnate and High Constable of Sweden.
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Margaret I of Denmark Margaret I (Danish: "Margrete Valdemarsdatter" , Norwegian: "Margrete Valdemarsdatter" , Swedish: "Margareta Valdemarsdotter" , Icelandic: "Margrét Valdimarsdóttir" ; 1353 – 28 October 1412), was queen consort of Norway 1363-1380 and Sweden 1363-1364, and later ruler in her own right of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, from which later period there are ambiguities regarding her specific titles. She was the founder of the Kalmar Union, which spanned Scandinavia for over a century. Margaret was known as a wise, energetic and capable leader, earning the nickname "Semiramis of the North", or "the Lady King". Though the latter was a derisive nickname invented by her rival Albert of Mecklenburg, it became widely used in recognition of her capabilities.
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Henry, Duke of Schleswig Henry, Duke of Schleswig (  1342 – August 1375) was Duke of Schleswig (or Southern Jutland, as the Danes call it) from 1364 until his death.
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Abel, King of Denmark Abel of Denmark (1218 – 29 June 1252) was Duke of Schleswig from 1232 to 1252 and King of Denmark from 1250 until his death in 1252. He was the son of Valdemar II by his second wife, Berengária of Portugal, and brother to Eric IV and Christopher I.
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Bogusław I, Duke of Pomerania Bogusław I (also Bogislaw and Boguslaus;  1130 – 18 March 1187 in Sosnitza near Altwarp) of the House of Griffins was Duke of Pomerania-Stettin from 1156 to 1187. He ruled the Duchy of Pomerania jointly with his brother Casimir I of Pomerania-Demmin. His father was Wartislaw I. He was first married to Walburgis (d. 1177), daughter of Valdemar I of Denmark and later to Anastasia, daughter of Mieszko III of Poland and Eudoxia of Kiev. With his second wife, he had 5 children.
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Eric I of Denmark Eric I (  1060 – 10 July 1103), also known as Eric the Good, (Danish: Erik Ejegod ), was King of Denmark following his brother Olaf I Hunger in 1095. He was a son of Sweyn II. His mother's identity is unknown. He married Boedil Thurgotsdatter.
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House of Sverre The House of Sverre (Norwegian: "Sverreætten" ) was a royal house or dynasty which ruled, at various times in history, the Kingdom of Norway, hereunder the kingdom's realms, and the Kingdom of Scotland. The house was founded with King Sverre Sigurdsson. It provided the rulers of Norway from 1184 to 1319.
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Alfonso V of Aragon Alfonso the Magnanimous KG (also Alphonso; Catalan: Alfons ; 1396 – 27 June 1458) was the King of Aragon (as Alfonso V), Valencia (as Alfonso III), Majorca, Sardinia and Corsica (as Alfonso II), Sicily (as Alfonso I) and Count of Barcelona (as Alfonso IV) from 1416, and King of Naples (as Alfonso I) from 1442 until his death. He was one of the most prominent figures of the early Renaissance and a knight of the Order of the Dragon.
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Wihtlæg Wihtlæg, "Whitlæg", "Wighlek", "Wiglecus", "Wiglek", "Witlac" or "Viglek" is a legendary king of either Denmark or Angeln in Germanic legends. He is known in Saxo's kings of Denmark by the name of "Vigletus".
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Magnus, Duke of Holstein Magnus of Holstein (5 September [O.S. 26 August] 1540 – 28 March [O.S. 18 March] 1583 ) was a Prince of Denmark and a member of the House of Oldenburg. As a vassal of Ivan IV of Russia, he was the titular King of Livonia from 1570 to 1578.
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Olaf II of Denmark Olaf II Haakonsson (1370 – 23 August 1387) was King of Denmark as Olaf II (1376–1387) and King of Norway as Olaf IV (1380–1387). Olaf was son of King Haakon VI of Norway and the grandson of King Magnus IV of Sweden. His mother was Queen Margaret I of Denmark which made him the grandson of King Valdemar IV of Denmark. In addition to his claim on the thrones of Denmark and later Norway, he was in the direct succession line to the throne of Sweden (but for the interposition of Albert of Mecklenburg).