What is the idealized chemical formula of the pigment synthesized by Johann Jacob Diesbach?
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Johann Jacob Diesbach Johann Jacob Diesbach (] ) was a Swiss pigment and dye producer known for first synthesizing a blue pigment known as Prussian blue (i.e. iron blue or Berlin blue).
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Prussian blue Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment with the idealized chemical formula Fe7(CN)18 . To better understand the binding situation in this complex compound the formula can also be written as Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 · "x"H2O . Another name for the color is Berlin blue or, in painting, Parisian or Paris blue. Turnbull's blue is the same substance, but is made from different reagents, and its slightly different color stems from different impurities.
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Cyanogen Cyanogen is the chemical compound with the formula (CN). It is a colorless, toxic gas with a pungent odor. The molecule is a pseudohalogen. Cyanogen molecules consist of two CN groups – analogous to diatomic halogen molecules, such as Cl, but far less oxidizing. The two cyano groups are bonded together at their carbon atoms: N≡C−C≡N, although other isomers have been detected. Certain derivatives of cyanogen are also called "cyanogen" even though they contain only one CN group. For example, cyanogen bromide has the formula NCBr.
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Rydberg formula The Rydberg formula is used in atomic physics to describe the wavelengths of spectral lines of many chemical elements. It was formulated by the Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg, and presented on 5 November 1888.
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Hyalite Hyalite is a form of opal with a glassy and clear appearance which may exhibit an internal play of colors if natural inclusions are present. It is also called "Muller's glass", "water opal" and "jalite". The name Müller's glass derived from the name of its discoverer, Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein.
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(E)-Stilbene ("E")-Stilbene, commonly known as "trans"-stilbene, is an organic compound represented by the condensed structural formula CHCH=CHCH. Classified as a diarylethene, it features a central ethylene moiety with one phenyl group substituents on each end of the carbon–carbon double bond. It has an ("E") stereochemistry, meaning that the phenyl groups are located on opposite sides of the double bond, the opposite of its geometric isomer, "cis"-stilbene. "Trans"-stilbene occurs as a white crystalline solid at room temperature and is highly soluble in organic solvents. It can be converted to "cis"-stilbene photochemically, and further reacted to produce phenanthrene.
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Tempera Tempera (] ), also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium (usually a glutinous material such as egg yolk or some other size). Tempera also refers to the paintings done in this medium. Tempera paintings are very long lasting, and examples from the first century AD still exist. Egg tempera was a primary method of painting until after 1500 when it was superseded by the invention of oil painting. A paint consisting of pigment and glue size commonly used in the United States as poster paint is also often referred to as "tempera paint," although the binders and sizes in this paint are different from traditional tempera paint.
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Alizarin Alizarin or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (also known as Mordant Red 11 and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula C14H8O4 that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics. Historically it was derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus. In 1869, it became the first natural pigment to be duplicated synthetically.
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Molisch's test Molisch's test (named after Austrian botanist Hans Molisch) is a sensitive chemical test for the presence of carbohydrates, based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to produce an aldehyde, which condenses with two molecules of phenol (usually α-naphthol, though other phenols (e.g. resorcinol, thymol) also give colored products), resulting in a red- or purple-colored compound.
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Quinacridone Quinacridone is an organic molecule used in the formation of organic pigments. It is an organic compound with the molecular formula CHNO. Numerous derivatives of quinacridone constitute the Quinacridone pigment family, which finds extensive use in industrial colorant applications such as robust outdoor paints and inkjet toners.
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Anthraquinone Anthraquinone, also called anthracenedione or dioxoanthracene, is an aromatic organic compound with formula C14H8O2 . Several isomers are possible, each of which can be viewed as a quinone derivative. The term anthraquinone, however, almost invariably refers to one specific isomer, 9,10-anthraquinone (IUPAC: anthracene-9,10-dione) wherein the keto groups are located on the central ring. It is a building block of many dyes and is used in bleaching pulp for papermaking. It is a yellow highly crystalline solid, poorly soluble in water but soluble in hot organic solvents. For instance, it is almost completely insoluble in ethanol near room temperature but 2.25 g will dissolve in 100 g of boiling ethanol.
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Barium peroxide Barium peroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula BaO. This white solid (gray when impure) is one of the most common inorganic peroxides, and it was the first peroxide compound discovered. Being an oxidizer and giving a vivid green colour upon ignition (as do all barium compounds), it finds some use in fireworks; historically, it was also used as a precursor for hydrogen peroxide.
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Goethite Goethite (FeO(OH)), ( ) is an iron bearing hydroxide mineral of the diaspore group. It is found in soil and other low-temperature environments. Goethite has been well known since ancient times for its use as a pigment (brown ochre). Evidence has been found of its use in paint pigment samples taken from the caves of Lascaux in France. It was first described in 1806 based on samples found in the Hollertszug Mine in Herdorf, Germany. The mineral was named after the German polymath and poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832).
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Johannes Rydberg Johannes (Janne) Robert Rydberg (8 November 1854 – 28 December 1919) was a Swedish physicist mainly known for devising the Rydberg formula, in 1888, which is used to predict the wavelengths of photons (of light and other electromagnetic radiation) emitted by changes in the energy level of an electron in a hydrogen atom.
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Sinopia Sinopia (also known as sinoper, named after the Turkish city Sinop) is a dark reddish-brown natural earth pigment, whose reddish colour comes from hematite, a dehydrated form of iron oxide. It was widely used in Classical Antiquity and the Middle Ages for painting, and during the Renaissance it was often used on the rough initial layer of plaster for the underdrawing for a fresco. The word came to be used both for the pigment and for the preparatory drawing itself, which may be revealed when a fresco is stripped from its wall for transfer.
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Ammonium acetate Ammonium acetate, also known as spirit of Mindererus in aqueous solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NHCHCO. It is a white, hygroscopic solid and can be derived from the reaction of ammonia and acetic acid. It is available commercially.
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Pastel A pastel ( ; ) is an art medium in the form of a stick, consisting of pure powdered pigment and a binder. The pigments used in pastels are the same as those used to produce all colored art media, including oil paints; the binder is of a neutral hue and low saturation. The color effect of pastels is closer to the natural dry pigments than that of any other process.
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2-Butanol 2-Butanol, or "sec"-butanol, is an organic compound with formula CHCH(OH)CHCH. This secondary alcohol is a flammable, colorless liquid that is soluble in 3 parts water and completely miscible with polar organic solvents such as ethers and other alcohols. It is produced on a large scale, primarily as a precursor to the industrial solvent methyl ethyl ketone. 2-Butanol is chiral and thus can be obtained as either of two stereoisomers designated as "(R)"-(−)-2-butanol and "(S)"-(+)-2-butanol. It is normally found as an equal mixture of the two stereoisomers — a racemic mixture.
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Diazodinitrophenol Diazodinitrophenol (DDNP) was the first diazo compound produced; it was subsequently used to make dyes and explosives. It forms yellow crystals in pure form; however, the color of impure forms may vary from dark yellow to green to dark brown. It is soluble in acetic acid, acetone, concentrated hydrochloric acid, most non-polar solvents and is slightly soluble in water.
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Bice Bice, from the French "bis", originally meaning dark-coloured, is a green or blue pigment. In French the terms "vert bis" and "azur bis" mean dark green and dark blue respectively. Bice pigments were generally prepared from basic copper carbonates, but sometimes ultramarine or other pigments were used.
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Titanocene dicarbonyl Dicarbonylbis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium is the chemical compound with the formula ("η"-CH)Ti(CO), abbreviated CpTi(CO). This maroon-coloured, air-sensitive species is soluble in aliphatic and aromatic solvents. It has been used for the deoxygenation of sulfoxides, reductive coupling of aromatic aldehydes and reduction of aldehydes.
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Martius yellow Martius yellow is a compound with formula