Elisabeth Marschall was the Head Nurse at Ravensbruck during what war?
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Elisabeth Marschall Elisabeth Marschall (27 May 1886 – 3 May 1947) was the Head Nurse ("Oberschwester") at the Ravensbrück concentration camp. Her duties included selecting prisoners for execution, overseeing medical experiments, and selecting which prisoners would be shipped to Auschwitz. At the Hamburg Ravensbrück Trials, she was found guilty and sentenced to death.
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Nazi human experimentation Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners, including children, by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps in the early to mid 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust. Chief target populations included Romani, Sinti, ethnic Poles, Soviet POWs, disabled Germans, and most prominently of all, Jews from across Europe.
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Heinz Brandt Generalmajor Heinz Brandt (11 March 1907 – 21 July 1944) was a German officer during World War II who served as an aide to General Adolf Heusinger, the head of the operations unit of the General Staff. He may have inadvertently saved Adolf Hitler's life, at the cost of his own, by moving the 20 July plot bomb planted by Claus von Stauffenberg.
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Käthe Leichter Marianne Katharina "Käthe" Leichter (Vienna, 20 August 1895 – February 1942) was an Austrian economist, women's rights activist, journalist and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria and the Viennese Labour Chamber. She was detained in Ravensbrück concentration camp during the Nazi regime and executed in 1942.
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Szebnie concentration camp The Szebnie concentration camp (German: "Lager Szebnie" ) was established during World War II by Germany, within the semi-colonial territory of General Government in the south-eastern part of occupied Poland. It was located near the town of Szebnie approximately 10 km east of Jasło and 42 km south-west of Rzeszów. The facility was constructed in 1940 originally as horse stables for the Wehrmacht, adjacent to a manorial estate where the German officers stationed (photo). Over the course of the camp's operation thousands of people perished there, including Soviet prisoners of war, Polish Jews, non-Jewish Poles, Ukrainians, and Romani people. The charred remains of the camp were entered by the Soviets on
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Oswald Kaduk Oswald Kaduk (August 26, 1906 – May 31, 1997) was a German low-ranking SS commander (SS-Unterscharführer) and "Rapportführer" at Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.
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Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild Bruno Ritter von Hauenschild (9 June 1896 – 10 March 1953), born Bruno Hauenschild, was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II
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Bernburg Euthanasia Centre The Nazi Euthanasia Centre at Bernburg (German: "NS-Tötungsanstalt Bernburg" ) operated from 21 November 1940 to 30 July 1943 in a separate wing of the State Sanatorium and Mental Hospital ("Landes-Heil- und Pflegeanstalt") in Bernburg on the River Saale in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It was one of several euthanasia centres run by the Nazis under their official "Euthanasia Programme", later referred to after the war as Action T4. A total of 9,384 sick and handicapped people from 33 welfare institutions and nursing homes as well as around 5,000 prisoners from six concentration camps were killed here in a gas chamber using carbon monoxide gas.
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Josef Kramer Josef Kramer (10 November 1906 – 13 December 1945) was the Commandant of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. Dubbed The Beast of Belsen by camp inmates, he was a notorious German Nazi war criminal, directly responsible for the deaths of thousands of people. He was detained by the British army after the Second World War, convicted of war crimes and hanged on the gallows in Hamelin prison by British executioner Albert Pierrepoint.
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Emily MacManus Emily Elvira Primrose MacManus, OBE (1886-1978) was an Irish nurse who served in France during World War I and later matron at Bristol Royal Infirmary then at Guy's Hospital in London, serving at the latter during World War II. She was also the President of the Royal College of Nursing from 1942-1944.
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Walter Schreiber Dr. Walter Paul Emil Schreiber (21 March 1893 – 5 September 1970) was a German medical military officer in World War I, a brigadier-general ("Generalarzt") of the Medical Service of the Wehrmacht and a key witness against Hermann Goering during the Nuremberg Trials.
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Nazi concentration camps Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (German: "Konzentrationslager" , KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War. The first Nazi camps were erected in Germany in March 1933 immediately after Hitler became Chancellor and his Nazi Party was given control of the police by Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick and Prussian Acting Interior Minister Hermann Göring. Used to hold and torture political opponents and union organizers, the camps initially held around 45,000 prisoners.
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Heinrich Gross Heinrich Gross (14 November 1915 – 15 December 2005) was an Austrian psychiatrist, medical doctor and neurologist, a reputed expert as a leading court-appointed psychiatrist, ill-famed for his proven involvement in the killing of at least nine children with physical, mental and/or emotional/behavioral characteristics considered "unclean" by the Nazi regime, under its Euthanasia Program. His role in hundreds of other cases of infanticide is unclear. Gross was head of the Spiegelgrund children's psychiatric clinic for two years during World War II.
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Kurt Möhring Kurt Möhring (3 January 1900 – 18 December 1944) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Möhring was killed on 18 December 1944 in Befort, Luxembourg, during the Battle of the Bulge.
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Viktor Dankl von Krasnik Count Viktor Dankl von Krasnik (German: "Viktor Graf Dankl von Krasnik" , born as Viktor Dankl on September 18, 1854, in Udine, died January 8, 1941 in Innsbruck) was a highly decorated career Austro-Hungarian officer who reached the pinnacle of his service during World War I with promotion to the rare rank of Colonel General ("Generaloberst"). His successful career met an abrupt end in 1916 due to both his performance on the Italian front and health issues. After the war he would be a vocal apologist for both his country's war record and the dethroned Habsburg monarchy.
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Rape of Belgium The Rape of Belgium was the German mistreatment of civilians during the invasion and subsequent occupation of Belgium during World War I. The term initially had a propaganda use but recent historiography confirms its reality. One modern author uses it more narrowly to describe a series of German war crimes in the opening months of the war (August–September 1914).
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Hilde Zimmermann Hilde Zimmermann, born Hilde Wundsam (12 September 1920 – 25 March 2002), was an Austrian who fought in the resistance to Nazism and survived Ravensbrück concentration camp.
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Hildegard Mende Hildegard Mende (born 24 November 1922) was a female guard ("Aufseherin", in German) in two concentration camps during World War II. She was employed in Ravensbrück and then in the small fortress of Theresienstadt concentration camp and ghetto in Czechoslovakia. About 88,000 Jews were deported from Theresienstadt; over 33,000 are known to have been murdered or died in the camp itself. She gained the nickname "The Beast" for her alleged sadism.
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Karl Steubl "SS-Sturmbannführer" Karl Steubl, Steubel, or Steibel (October 25, 1910 – September 21, 1945) was a Nazi, perpetrator of euthanasia programme dubbed Action T4, and commander of transportation at the Sobibór extermination camp during Operation Reinhard, the most deadly phase of the Holocaust. Arrested after the war, Steubl committed suicide in Linz, Austria.
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Stanisława Leszczyńska Stanisława Leszczyńska (May 8, 1896 – March 11, 1974) was a Polish midwife who was incarcerated at the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II, where she delivered over 3,000 children. She is an official candidate for canonization (sainthood) by the Catholic Church. Several hospitals and organizations in Europe are named after Stanisława; the main road at Auschwitz concentration camp museum is named after her; and so is a street in the city of Łódź.
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Erika von Brockdorff Erika von Brockdorff (née Schönfeldt) (29 April 1911 – 13 May 1943) was a German resistance fighter against the Nazi régime during the Second World War. Brockdorff belonged to the Red Orchestra resistance movement.
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Stalag IV-G Stalag IV-G was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp ("Stammlager") for NCOs and enlisted men. It was not a camp in the usual sense, but a series of "Arbeitslager" ("Work Camps") scattered throughout the state of Saxony, administered from a central office on Lutherstraße in Oschatz, a small town situated between Leipzig and Dresden.