Which English feminist part of the intellectual circle with Judith Drake in the 17th century was known as "the first English feminist"?
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Judith Drake Judith Drake (fl. 1670s–1723) was an English intellectual and author who was active in the last decade of the 17th century. She was part of a circle of intellectuals, authors, and philosophers which included Mary Astell, Lady Mary Chudleigh, Elizabeth Thomas, Elizabeth Elstob, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, and John Norris. She was married to James Drake F.R.S., physician and Tory pamphleteer. She is remembered in the field of feminist literature for her 1696 essay, "An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex".
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Mary Astell Mary Astell (Newcastle upon Tyne, 12 November 1666 – London, 11 May 1731) was an English feminist writer and rhetorician. Her advocacy of equal educational opportunities for women has earned her the title "the first English feminist."
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Anne Knight Anne Knight (2 November 1786 – 4 November 1862) was a social reformer, abolitionist and a pioneer of feminism. She was at the 1840 Anti-Slavery convention where the need to improve women's rights became obvious. In 1847 Knight produced what is considered the first leaflet for women's suffrage. She formed the first UK women's suffrage organisation in Sheffield in 1851.
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Boston Gleaning Circle The Boston Gleaning Circle was a female literary organization established by twenty women in 1805. It was the first female literary society in America. They read "any book favorable to the improvement of the mind" including history, theology, geography and poetry. Members took turns in reciting from the books.
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Judith Quiney Judith Quiney (baptised 2 February 1585 – 9 February 1662), "née" Shakespeare, was the younger daughter of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway and the fraternal twin of Shakespeare's only son Hamnet Shakespeare. She married Thomas Quiney, a vintner of Stratford-upon-Avon. The circumstances of the marriage, including Quiney's misconduct, may have prompted the rewriting of Shakespeare's will. Thomas was struck out, while Judith's inheritance was attached with provisions to safeguard it from her husband. The bulk of Shakespeare's estate was left, in an elaborate fee tail, to his elder daughter Susanna and her male heirs.
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Cambridge Platonists The Cambridge Platonists were a group of theologians and philosophers at the University of Cambridge in the middle of the 17th century. The leading figures were Ralph Cudworth and Henry More.
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Arcangela Tarabotti Arcangela Tarabotti (24 February 1604 – 28 February 1652) was a Venetian nun and Early Modern Italian writer. Tarabotti wrote texts and corresponded with cultural and political figures for most of her adult life, centering the issues of forced enclosure, and what she saw as other symptoms and systems of patriarchy and misogyny in her works and discussions. Tarabotti wrote at least seven works, though only five were published during her lifetime. Because of the politics of Tarabotti’s works, many scholars consider her “a protofeminist writer as well as an early political theorist.”
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Constance Maynard Constance Louisa Maynard (9 February 1849 – 26 March 1935) was the first principal of Westfield College (1882–1913) and a pioneer of women’s education. She was the first woman to read Moral Sciences (philosophy) at the University of Cambridge.
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Catharina Ahlgren Catharina Ahlgren (1734 – c. 1800) was a Swedish feminist writer, poet, translator, managing editor, and one of the first identifiable female journalists in Sweden. She is also known for her correspondence with Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht. Ahlgren was a leading person in the "Female literary world of the 1750s and 1770s" in Sweden. She later emigrated to Finland, where she published the first Finnish paper in the country.
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John Pordage John Pordage (1607–1681) was an Anglican priest, astrologer, alchemist and Christian mystic. He founded the 17th century English Behmenist group which would later become known as the Philadelphian Society when it was led by his disciple and successor, Jane Leade.
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Fear Brewster Fear Allerton née Brewster (c. 1606 - before December 12, 1634) was a woman in Colonial America. She was the third daughter of "Mayflower" Pilgrim William Brewster and his wife Mary, born in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, England. Her early years, and indeed her whole life, were full of unrest. In 1608 she moved, along with the other pilgrims, to Amsterdam (and later Leiden).
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James Drake (physician) James Drake (1667–1707) was an English physician and political writer, a Jacobite and Fellow of the Royal Society.
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Millicent Fawcett Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett, (11 June 1847 – 5 August 1929) was an English feminist, intellectual, political and union leader, and writer. She is primarily known for her work as a campaigner for women to have the vote.
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Anne K. Mellor Anne Kostelanetz Mellor (born July 15, 1941) is a Distinguished Professor of English Literature and Women's Studies at UCLA; she specializes in Romantic literature, British cultural history, feminist theory, philosophy, art history and gender studies. She is most known for a series of essays and books that introduced forgotten female Romantic writers into literary history, and she edited the first volume of feminist essays on Romantic writers in 1988, entitled "Romanticism and Feminism".
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Elizabeth Fry Elizabeth Fry (née Gurney, often referred to as "Betsy"; 21 May 1780 – 12 October 1845) was an English prison reformer, social reformer and, as a Quaker, a Christian philanthropist. She has sometimes been referred to as the "angel of prisons".
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Mary Ward (nun) Mary Ward, I.B.V.M. (23 January 1585 – 30 January 1645), was an English Catholic Religious Sister whose activities led to the founding of the Congregation of Jesus and the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, better known as the Sisters of Loreto (not to be confused with the American Sisters of Loretto), which have both established schools around the world.
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Whore dialogues Whore dialogues are a literary genre of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment and a type of erotic fiction. The first example was the "Ragionamenti" by Pietro Aretino, followed by such works as "La Retorica delle Puttane" ("The Whore's Rhetoric") (1642) by Ferrante Pallavicino; "L'Ecole des Filles" (The School for Girls) (1655), attributed to Michel Millot and Jean L'Ange and also known as "The School of Venus"; "The Dialogues of Luisa Sigea" (c. 1660) by Nicolas Chorier—known also as "A Dialogue between a Married Woman and a Maid" in various editions. Such works typically concerned the sexual education of a naive younger woman by an experienced older woman and often included elements of philosophising, medical folklore, satire and anti-clericalism. The later works in this genre, such as that by Chorier, indulge in a more sophisticated type of sexual fantasy and are the precursors of the more explicit pornography which followed in Europe.
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Elizabeth Carey, Lady Berkeley Elizabeth, Lady Berkeley ("née" Carey; later Chamberlain; 24 May 1576 – 23 April 1635), was an English courtier and patron of the arts.
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Anne Marshall Anne Marshall (fl. 1661 – 1682), also Mrs. Anne Quin, was a leading English actress of the Restoration era, one of the first generation of women performers to appear on the public stage in England.
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Cecilia Ferrazzi Cecilia Ferrazzi (1609 – 17 January 1684) was a Counter-Reformation Catholic prototype social worker, whose life was extensively involved with establishment and maintenance of women's houses of refuge in seventeenth century Italy.
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Elizabeth Dawbarn Elizabeth Dawbarn (died 1839), was an English nurse and a pamphleteer from Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, who wrote on the nature of Christ, the influence women can exert on men, and the rights and needs of young children. Her works were distributed through the Baptist movement.
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The Monument of Matrones The Monument of Matrones (1582) was the first published anthology of English women's writing. A compilation of prayers and meditations written largely by and for women published in London, its full title was "The Monument of Matrones: Conteining Seven Severall Lamps of Virginitie, or Distinct Treatises; Whereof the First Five Concerne Praier and Meditation: the Other Two Last, Precepts and Examples". The "Monument"'s seven "Lampes" or books make up 1500 quarto pages.