What is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the SARS coronavirus, that was researched by a Chinese virologist who, in 2014, was ranked as 11th in the world by Thomson Reuters?
8a0fbfd08e5d5931084683d8ac072692
Yi Guan Yi Guan is a Chinese virologist who, in 2014, was ranked as 11th in the world by Thomson Reuters (now known as Clarivate Analytics) among global researchers in the field of microbiology. His research on the viral respiratory disease SARS allowed the Chinese government to successfully avert the 2004 outbreak of this disease. He is the current Director (China affairs) of the State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases University of Hong Kong. In early 2017, Guan warned that the H7N9 influenza virus "poses the greatest threat to humanity than any other in the past 100 years."
d33be4e1be712abaae4fde1ca12355cd
Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Between November 2002 and July 2003, an outbreak of SARS in southern China caused an eventual 8,098 cases, resulting in 774 deaths reported in 37 countries, with the majority of cases in Hong Kong (9.6% fatality rate) according to the World Health Organization (WHO). No cases of SARS have been reported worldwide since 2004.
c0ff6ecc5f6d8675c9dd1f42df02aa7b
Dengue fever outbreaks As of 2010 dengue fever is believed to infect 50 to 100 million people worldwide a year with 1/2 million life-threatening infections. It dramatically increased in frequency between 1960 and 2010, by 30 fold. This increase is believed to be due to a combination of urbanization, population growth, increased international travel, and global warming. The geographical distribution is around the equator with 70% of the total 2.5 billion people living in endemic areas from Asia and the Pacific. Many people in outbreaks are not virally tested, therefore their infections may also be due to chikungunya, a coinfection of both, or even other similar viruses.
227c4620d5d3c29999d703987d67ed6e
Virology (journal) Virology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in virology. Established in 1955 by George Hirst, Lindsay Black and Salvador Luria, it is the earliest English-only journal to specialise in the field. The journal covers basic research into viruses affecting animals, plants, bacteria and fungi, including their molecular biology, structure, assembly, pathogenesis, immunity, interactions with the host cell, evolution and ecology. Molecular aspects of control and prevention are also covered, as well as viral vectors and gene therapy, but clinical virology is excluded. As of 2013, the journal is published fortnightly by Elsevier.
e3bb531997aff0f5096c14b16464d74d
1889–90 flu pandemic The 1889–1890 flu pandemic (October 1889 – December 1890, with recurrences March – June 1891, November 1891 – June 1892, spring 1893 and winter 1893–1894) was a deadly influenza pandemic that killed about 1 million people worldwide. The outbreak was dubbed "Asiatic flu" or "Russian flu" (not to be confused with the 1977–1978 epidemic caused by Influenza A/USSR/90/77 H1N1, which was also called Russian flu). For some time the virus strain responsible was conjectured (but not proven) to be Influenza A virus subtype H2N2. More recently, the strain was asserted to be Influenza A virus subtype H3N8.
a4308390ac4568d320feee6e63997b65
Bovine coronavirus Bovine coronavirus (BCV) is as a member of the Coronaviridae family which are enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses with a club-shaped surface. Infection causes 'Calf Enteritis' and contributes to the 'Enzootic Pneumonia complex' in calves. It can also cause 'Winter Dysentery' in adult cattle. It can infect both domestic and wild ruminants and has a worldwide distribution. Transmission is horizontal, via oro-fecal or respiratory routes.
839ca76e5ea26c6b6fc631087c427340
John Burns Brooksby John Burns Brooksby CBE FRS FRSE (1914–1998) was a British veterinarian, animal physiologist and veterinary virologist. He was a recognised expert on Serology and especially Foot-and-mouth disease, and identified and categorised the majority of its known forms. His advice was taken on an international level, and he played a strong role in disease control both in Africa and the Middle East.
fe07db18e63c7a7352b099a4131e2735
Zoonosis Zoonoses are infectious diseases of animals (usually vertebrates) that can naturally be transmitted to humans.
66d14d169bb9bbfe655276a48cc1bcc9
Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1 Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, (Bat SL-CoV-WIV1) also sometimes called SARS-like coronavirus WIV1, is a newly identified CoV isolated from Chinese rufous horseshoe bats. The discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of the SARS virus. Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct transmission of SARS from bats to humans without the intermediary Chinese civets, as previously believed. It is a single-stranded, enveloped, positive-sense RNA betacoronavirus.
1f7124df17268a2126935524e2efd9ab
Journal of Global Infectious Diseases Journal of Global Infectious Diseases (ISSN: Print - 0974-777X, Online - 0974-8245) is peer-reviewed open access journal published on behalf of the Global Infectiologists Network. The journal publishes articles on the subject of Infectious diseases, Microbiology including bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology, Immunology, Public Health, Critical Care, Epidemiology, Nutrition, Pharmacotherapeutics.
f5c703c0f0b9e0aa8f16db4b98ef27c1
Global alert Global alert is used as the global radio-communications network during times of international crises or threats to international security. Global Alerts are also issued by agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), when there is a perceived threat of international pandemic, (global epidemic), such as the threat of a SARS, (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), pandemic during March 2003, due to its high contagion level which was rapidly spread by travelers sharing international flights. The global alert released by the World Health Organization regarding the SARS outbreak and its rapid contagion saved many lives: The alert about the disease, precautionary measures, and preventive measures to be taken by individuals, including specific hygiene information needed to arrest the spread of SARS was communicated instantly throughout the world.
97cf5f5600a290102e8f342b514ca3e5
Fowlpox Fowlpox is the worldwide disease of poultry caused by viruses of the family "Poxviridae" and the genus "Avipoxvirus". The viruses causing fowlpox are distinct from one another but antigenically similar, possible hosts including chickens, turkeys, quail, canaries, pigeons, and many other species of birds. There are two forms of the disease. The first is spread by biting insects (especially mosquitoes) and wound contamination and causes lesions on the comb, wattles, and beak. Birds affected by this form usually recover within a few weeks. The second form is spread by inhalation of the virus and causes a diphtheritic membrane to form in the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and sometimes the trachea. The prognosis for this form is poor.
3d552efdaf7ce8677a17844f15466003
Yellowhead disease Yellowhead disease (YHD) is a viral infection of shrimp and prawn, in particular of the giant tiger prawn ("Penaeus monodon"), one of the two major species of farmed shrimp. The disease is highly lethal and contagious, killing shrimp quickly. Outbreaks of this disease have wiped out in a matter of days the entire populations of many shrimp farms that cultivated "P. monodon", i.e. particularly Southeast Asian farms. In Thai, the disease is called "Hua leung".
5cae62172d09699dbfccaa6d5816556f
Avulavirus The genus "Avulavirus" is one of seven genera in the family "Paramyxoviridae" and contains viruses that used to be classified in the genus "Rubulavirus". In contrast to rubulaviruses, avulaviruses infect birds (hence the name "avulaviruses", a contraction of "avian rubulavirus") and translate protein V from an edited RNA transcript. Avulaviruses have a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase attachment protein and do not produce a non-structural protein C. The most important and best characterized avulavirus is Newcastle disease virus, a variant of avian paramyxovirus 1 (species "Avian avulavirus 1"). Avulaviruses can be separated into distinct serotypes using hemagglutination assay and neuraminidase assay. All avulaviruses hemagglutinate chicken RBCs except for avian paramyxovirus 5 which does not hemagglutinate RBCs from any species. Avian paramyxovirus 6 is unique to the presence of the SH gene between the F and HN genes. Avian paramyxovirus 11 has the longest genome among the APMVs.
42952261ebbfd40d13a15bd69f813018
Influenza A virus subtype H7N7 H7N7 is a subtype of Influenza A virus, a genus of Orthomyxovirus, the viruses responsible for influenza. Highly pathogenic strains (HPAI) and low pathogenic strains (LPAI) exist. H7N7 can infect humans, birds, pigs, seals, and horses in the wild; and has infected mice in laboratory studies. This unusual zoonotic potential represents a pandemic threat.
cc81858fe89fa4ee1f840cbae01fff74
Clonorchiasis Clonorchiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke, "Clonorchis sinensis", and two related species.
8f5012434870d6040b873ca9f24430b4
Clinical virology Clinical or medical virology is a branch of medicine (more particularly of clinical pathology) which consists in isolating and/or in characterising one or several viruses responsible for some human pathologies by various direct or indirect techniques (cellular Cultures, serologies, biochemistry, molecular biology). It also consists in proving the absence of resistance of viruses in treatment antiviral by viral genome sequencing to adapt antiviral therapeutics at best.
8c71ab74d4aa91e3ff96a497a632a727
Xuan Son virus Xuan Son virus is a novel, single-stranded, enveloped, negative-sense RNA hantavirus of the family Bunyaviridae.
d8e06356ef92771202d82125350238a9
Edward C. Holmes Edward Charles Holmes (born 1965, UK) is an evolutionary biologist and virologist, and since 2012 an NHMRC Australia Fellow and Professor at the University of Sydney.
1ffc7bf57195d19eba54c974dba8d0e6
Rhabdoviridae The Rhabdoviridae are a family of viruses in the order "Mononegavirales". Vertebrates (including mammals and humans), invertebrates, and plants serve as natural hosts. Currently, 17 genera are recognised. Diseases associated with viruses of this family include rabies fatal encephalitis caused by rabies virus, and vesicular diseases and encephalitis flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses. The name is derived from the Greek "rhabdos", meaning rod, referring to the shape of the viral particles.
08c38150f7a7c5b14e5eb46623b72fba
Miniopterus Bat coronavirus HKU8 Miniopterus Bat coronavirus HKU8 is a novel enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus species in the Alphacoronavirus genus with a corona-like morphology. It causes severe acute respiratory syndrome in bats. Isolates have not been found in humans.
c1a1c5fb2faf33f87911e86aff5e4b90
Zika virus Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the virus family "Flaviviridae". It is spread by daytime-active "Aedes" mosquitoes, such as "A. aegypti" and "A. albopictus". Its name comes from the Ziika Forest of Uganda, where the virus was first isolated in 1947. Zika virus is related to the dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses. Since the 1950s, it has been known to occur within a narrow equatorial belt from Africa to Asia. From 2007 to 2016 , the virus spread eastward, across the Pacific Ocean to the Americas, leading to the 2015–16 Zika virus epidemic.