Which pathogenic fungus did Annie Gravatt study?
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Annie Gravatt Annie Gravatt (Annie Evelyn Rathbun) was an American forest pathologist. Her areas of research included plant physiology and white pine blister rust. She also studied Chestnut blight, the fungus that devastated American chestnut trees in the early 20th century. Along with her husband, George Gravatt, she founded the community of Scientists' Cliffs, Maryland.
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Chestnut blight The pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly "Endothia parasitica") is a member of the Ascomycota (sac fungi) taxon, and is the main cause of chestnut blight—a devastating disease of the American chestnut tree that in the early 1900s caused a rapid, widespread die-off of this once plentiful tree from its historic range in the eastern United States.
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Gracilacus Gracilacus (Pin nematodes) is a genus of nematodes. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens.
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Gibberella Gibberella is a genus of fungi in the family Nectriaceae. In 1926, Japanese scientists observed that rice plants infected with "Gibberella" had abnormally long stems ("foolish seedling disease"). A substance, gibberellin, was derived from this fungus. Gibberellin is a plant hormone that promotes cell elongation, flower formation, and seedling growth.
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Barbara Howlett Barbara Howlett is an Australian fungal plant pathologist.
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Cercospora minuta Cercospora minuta is a fungal plant pathogen.
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Noble rot Noble rot (French: "pourriture noble" ; German: "Edelfäule" ; Italian: "Muffa nobile" ; Hungarian: "Aszúsodás" ) is the beneficial form of a grey fungus, "Botrytis cinerea", affecting wine grapes. Infestation by "Botrytis" requires moist conditions. If the weather stays wet, the damaging form, "grey rot," can destroy crops of grapes. Grapes typically become infected with "Botrytis" when they are ripe. If they are then exposed to drier conditions and become partially raisined this form of infection is known as noble rot. Grapes when picked at a certain point during infestation can produce particularly fine and concentrated sweet wine. Wines produced by this method are known as botrytized wines.
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Coccomyces clavatus Coccomyces clavatus is a species of foliicolous fungus found on fallen phylloclades of "Phyllocladus alpinus" in New Zealand.
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Echinodontium tinctorium Echinodontium tinctorium is a species of fungus in the family Echinodontiaceae. A plant pathogen, it is commonly known as the Indian paint fungus.
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Elsinoë batatas Elsinoë batatas is a species of fungus in the Elsinoaceae family. It is a plant pathogen that affects members of the genus "Ipomoea", including the sweet potato. The species was originally described in 1931 as a species of "Sphaceloma", and in 1943 was transferred to "Elsinoë" by Ahmés Pinto Viégas and Anna Eliza Jenkins.
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Phytophthora infestans Phytophthora infestans is a fungus-like microorganism, specifically an oomycete, which causes the serious potato and tomato disease known as late blight or potato blight. (Early blight, caused by "Alternaria solani", is also often called "potato blight".) Late blight was a major culprit in the 1840s European, the 1845 Irish, and the 1846 Highland potato famines. The organism can also infect some other members of the Solanaceae.
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Gretna Margaret Weste Gretna Margaret Weste (September 5, 1917 – 2006) was a leading scientist noted for her work in plant pathology and mycology, specifically with "Phytophthora cinnamomi."
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Septocyta ruborum Septocyta ruborum is a species of fungus in the Ascomycota. Its taxonomic relationship to other taxa in the Ascomycota is unknown, and it has not been assigned with certainty to any order or family ("incertae sedis"). It is a plant pathogen and grows on "Rubus laciniatus", "R. nessensis", "R. procerus" and wild blackberry ("R. fruticosus"); it causes purple blotch or stem spot disease, also known as dieback of blackberries.
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Ophiocordyceps unilateralis Ophiocordyceps unilateralis is an entomopathogen, or insect-pathogenising fungus, discovered by the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace in 1859, and currently found predominantly in tropical forest ecosystems. "O. unilateralis", also referred to as a "zombie fungus", infects ants of the Camponotini tribe, with the full pathogenesis being characterized by alteration of the behavioral patterns of the infected ant. Infected hosts leave their canopy nests and foraging trails for the forest floor, an area with a temperature and humidity suitable for fungal growth; they then use their mandibles to affix themselves to a major vein on the underside of a leaf, where the host remains until its eventual death. The process leading to mortality takes 4–10 days, and includes a reproductive stage where fruiting bodies grow from the ant's head, rupturing to release the fungus's spores. "O. unilateralis" is in turn also susceptible to fungal infection itself, an occurrence which can limit its impact on ant populations, which has otherwise been known to devastate ant colonies.
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Piriformospora Piriformospora is a fungal genus of the order Sebacinales. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single endophytic root-colonising species Piriformospora indica, discovered from orchid plants in the Thar desert in Rajasthan, India by Prof. Ajit Verma and group, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. The fungus has typical pear-shaped chlamydospores, and thus, named as "P. indica ". Unlike mycorrhizal fungi, which cannot be cultured axenically, "P. indica" can be easily grown on various substrates. It has been found to promote plant growth during its mutualistic symbiotic relationship with a wide variety of plants. Experiments have shown that "P. indica" increases the resistance of colonized plants against fungal pathogens. It has also been found in experiments with barley that "P. indica"-inoculated plants are tolerant to salt stress and more resistant to root pathogens. "P. indica"-infested roots also show antioxidant capacity. The fungus also induces systemic disease resistance in plants. "P. indica" was found to require host cell death for proliferation during mutualistic symbiosis in barley. Its genome has been sequenced and was published in 2011.
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Penicillium oxalicum Penicillium oxalicum is an anamorph species of the genus of "Penicillium" which was isolated from rhizosphere soil of pearl millet. "Penicillium oxalicum" produces secalonic acid D, chitinase, oxalic acid, oxaline and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and occurs widespread in food and tropical commodities. This fungus could be used against soilborne diseases like downy mildew of tomatoes
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Ceratobasidium noxium Ceratobasidium noxium is a species of fungus in the order Cantharellales. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are thin, effused and web-like. The species is tropical to sub-tropical and is mainly known as a plant pathogen, the causative agent of "kole-roga" or black rot of coffee and various blights of citrus and other trees.
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Ceratocystis Ceratocystis is a genus of fungi in the family Ceratocystidaceae. Several species are important plant pathogens, causing diseases such as oak wilt and pineapple black rot.
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Didymella pinodella Didymella pinodella (syn. "Phoma pinodella") is a fungal plant pathogen infecting pea and red clover.
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Elsinoë pyri Elsinoë pyri is a species of fungus in the family Elsinoaceae. It is a plant pathogen that grows on apple ("Pyrus malus"). First described scientifically by Nikolai Nikolaevich Woronichin in 1914 as a species of "Plectodiscella", the fungus was transferred to the genus "Elsinoë" by American mycologist Anna Eliza Jenkins in 1932.
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Xylaria mali Xylaria mali is a plant pathogen that causes black rot on apple.
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Armillaria gallica Armillaria gallica (synonymous with "A. bulbosa" and "A. lutea") is a species of honey mushroom in the Physalacriaceae family of the Agaricales order. The species is a common and ecologically important wood-decay fungus that can live as a saprobe, or as an opportunistic parasite in weakened tree hosts to cause root or butt rot. It is found in temperate regions of Asia, North America, and Europe. The species forms fruit bodies singly or in groups in soil or rotting wood. The fungus has been inadvertently introduced to South Africa. "Armillaria gallica" has had a confusing taxonomy, due in part to historical difficulties encountered in distinguishing between similar "Armillaria" species. The fungus received international attention in the early 1990s when an individual colony living in a Michigan forest was reported to cover an area of 15 ha , weigh at least 9500 kg , and be 1,500 years old. This individual is popularly known as the "humungous fungus", and is a tourist attraction and inspiration for an annual mushroom-themed festival in Crystal Falls.