What molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron, is associated with Solute carrier family 10 member 4 and the promotion of acidification in mice?
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Solute carrier family 10 member 4 Solute carrier family 10 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC10A4 gene. In mice, it appears to promote acidification of synaptic vesicles containing monoamines, enhancing their uptake, and is co-expressed with VMAT2 and VAChT.
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Acid An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).
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Membrane channel A family of biological membrane proteins which allow the passive movement of ions (ion channels), water (aquaporins) or other solutes to passively pass through the membrane down their electrochemical gradient. They are studied using a range of channelomics experimental and mathematical techniques.
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SLCO1B1 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "SLCO1B1" gene. Pharmacogenomic research indicates that genetic variations in this gene are associated with response to simvastatin. Clinical guidelines exist that can guide dosing of simvastatin based on SLCO1B1 gene variant using genotyping or whole exome sequencing.
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Solute carrier family 17 (vesicular glutamate transporter), member 6 Solute carrier family 17 (vesicular glutamate transporter), member 6
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HERG hERG (the human " Ether-à-go-go"-Related Gene) is a gene ("KCNH2" ) that codes for a protein known as K11.1, the alpha subunit of a potassium ion channel. This ion channel (sometimes simply denoted as 'hERG') is best known for its contribution to the electrical activity of the heart that coordinates the heart's beating (i.e., the hERG channel mediates the repolarizing "I" current in the cardiac action potential). When this channel's ability to conduct electrical current across the cell membrane is inhibited or compromised, either by application of drugs or by rare mutations in some families, it can result in a potentially fatal disorder called long QT syndrome; a number of clinically successful drugs in the market have had the tendency to inhibit hERG, and create a concomitant risk of sudden death, as a side-effect, which has made hERG inhibition an important antitarget that must be avoided during drug development. hERG has also been associated with modulating the functions of some cells of the nervous system and with establishing and maintaining cancer-like features in leukemic cells.
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ABHD3 Alpha/beta hydrolase domain containing 3 (ABHD3; alternative names: lung alpha/beta hydrolase 3, phospholipase ABHD3) is a single pass type II membrane member of the serine hydrolase family of enzymes. The expression of murine ABHD3 is highest in the brain, liver, and kidney. ABHD3 hydrolytic activity is highly specific for medium chain (e.g., dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) and oxidatively truncated (e.g., azelaoyl PAF) phospholipids. ABHD3-deficient mice are viable, fertile, and possess dramatically elevated medium chain phospholipids in tissues and in blood. Conversely, ectopic expression of ABHD3 prevents the accumulation of oxidized phospholipids in cells.
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SLC7A4 Cationic amino acid transporter 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "SLC7A4" gene.
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Small multidrug resistance protein Small multidrug resistance protein is a family of integral membrane proteins that confer drug resistance to a wide range of toxic compounds by removing them for the cells. The efflux is coupled to an influx of protons. An example is "Escherichia coli" mvrC P23895 which prevents the incorporation of methyl viologen into cells and is involved in ethidium bromide efflux.
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SLC39A10 Zinc transporter ZIP10 also known as solute carrier family 39 member 10 (SLC39A10) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "SLC39A10" gene. ZIP10 belongs to a subfamily of proteins that show structural characteristics of zinc transporters.
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SLC2A6 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "SLC2A6" gene.
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Peptide transporter 1 Peptide transporter 1 (PepT 1) also known as solute carrier family 15 member 1 (SLC15A1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by "SLC15A1" gene. PepT 1 is a solute carrier for oligopeptides. It functions in renal oligopeptide reabsorption and in the intestines in a proton dependent way, hence acting like a cotransporter.
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SLC2A11 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 11 (SLC2A11) also known as glucose transporter type 10/11 (GLUT-10/11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A11 gene.
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Metal ions in aqueous solution A metal ion in aqueous solution (aqua ion) is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(HO)]. The solvation number, "n", determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li and Be and 6 for elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table. Lanthanide and actinide aqua ions have solvation number of 8 and 9. The strength of the bonds between the metal ion and water molecules in the primary solvation shell increases with the electrical charge, "z", on the metal ion and decreases as its radius, "r", increases. Aqua ions are subject to hydrolysis. The logarithm of the first hydrolysis constant is proportional to "z"/"r" for most aqua ions. The aqua ion is associated, through hydrogen bonding with other water molecules in a secondary solvation shell. Water molecules in the first hydration shell exchange with molecules in the second solvation shell and molecules in the bulk liquid. The residence time of a molecule in the first shell varies among the chemical elements from about 100 picoseconds to more than 200 years. Aqua ions are prominent in electrochemistry.
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Monovalent cation:proton antiporter-3 The Monovalent Cation (K or Na):Proton Antiporter-3 (CPA3) Family (TC# 2.A.63) is a member of the Na transporting Mrp superfamily. The CPA3 family consists of bacterial multicomponent K:H and Na:H antiporters. The best characterized systems are the PhaABCDEFG system of "Sinorhizobium meliloti" (TC# 2.A.63.1.1) that functions in pH adaptation and as a K efflux system, and the MnhABCDEFG system of "Staphylococcus aureus" (TC# 2.A.63.1.3) that functions as a Na efflux Na:H antiporter.
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Monovalent cation:proton antiporter-2 The Monovalent Cation:Proton Antiporter-2 (CPA2) Family (TC# 2.A.37) is a moderately large family of transporters belonging to the CPA superfamily. Members of the CPA2 family have been found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The proteins of the CPA2 family consist of between 333 and 900 amino acyl residues and exhibit 10-14 transmembrane α-helical spanners (TMSs).
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ATP10A Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA also known as ATPase class V type 10A (ATP10A) or aminophospholipid translocase VA is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the "ATP10A" gene.
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OmpA domain In molecular biology, the OmpA domain is a conserved protein domain with a beta/alpha/beta/alpha-beta(2) structure found in the C-terminal region of many Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane proteins, such as porin-like integral membrane proteins (such as ompA), small lipid-anchored proteins (such as pal), and MotB proton channels. The N-terminal half of these proteins is variable although some of the proteins in this group have the OmpA-like transmembrane domain at the N terminus. OmpA from "Escherichia coli" is required for pathogenesis, and can interact with host receptor molecules. MotB (and MotA) serve two functions in "E. coli", the MotA(4)-MotB(2) complex attaches to the cell wall via MotB to form the stator of the flagellar motor, and the MotA-MotB complex couples the flow of ions across the cell membrane to movement of the rotor.
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Acid-sensing ion channel Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are neuronal voltage-insensitive sodium channels activated by extracellular protons permeable to Na, however ASIC1 also shows low Ca permeability. ASIC proteins are a subfamily of the ENaC/Deg superfamily of ion channels. These genes have splice variants that encode for several isoforms that are marked by a suffix. In mammals, acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC) are encoded by five genes that produce ASIC protein subunits: ASIC1, ASIC2, ASIC3, ASIC4, and ASIC5. Three of these protein subunits assemble to form the ASIC, which can combine into both homotrimeric and heterotrimeric channels typically found in both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. However, the most common ASICs are ASIC1a and ASIC1a/2a and ASIC3. ASIC2b is non-functional on its own but modulates channel activity when participating in heteromultimers and ASIC4 has no known function. On a broad scale, ASICs are potential drug targets due to their involvement in pathological states such as retinal damage, seizures, and ischemic brain injury.
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SLCO2A1 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 2A1 also known as the prostaglandin transporter (PGT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLCO2A1 gene.
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SLC22A2 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the "SLC22A2" gene.
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ASIC5 ASIC5 gene is one of the five paralogous genes that encode proteins that form trimeric Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in mammals. Aliases previously used for this gene include ACCN5 and BASIC. The protein encoded by this gene does not appear to be acid responsive. The cDNA coding for this protein was first characterized in 2000. The ASIC genes have splicing variants that encode different proteins that are called isoforms.