What is the name of the Vietnamese beer that the Vietnam's leading beer producer make and whose name was changed by the communist government?
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33 Beer 33 Beer was the name of a Vietnamese-produced beer (pronounced "Ba Muoi Ba" in Vietnamese, which means "thirty-three). It became well-known among American GIs during the war in Vietnam in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1975, when South Vietnam fell to the North Vietnamese, the communist government changed the name of the beer to "333 Premium Export Beer" in order to distance itself from its colonial origins. It was prepared as a rice beer using rice. It is now made by Sabeco Brewery.
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Sabeco Brewery Sabeco (also SABECO, Saigon Alcohol Beer and Beverages Corporation, Vietnamese: "Tổng Công ty Cổ phần Bia – Rượu – Nước giải khát Sài Gòn" ) is Vietnam's leading beer producer. It is owned and under the authority of Vietnam's Ministry of Trade and Industry. In 2011, Sabeco produced 1.2 billion liters of beer, 51.4% of the national market. Its main brands are Saigon Beer and 333 Beer.
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Viet Cong The Việt Cộng (] ), also known as the National Liberation Front, was a communist political organization with its own army – the People's Liberation Armed Forces of South Vietnam (PLAF) – in South Vietnam and Cambodia that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments, eventually emerging on the winning side. It had both guerrilla and regular army units, as well as a network of cadres who organized peasants in the territory it controlled. Many soldiers were recruited in South Vietnam, but others were attached to the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), the regular North Vietnamese army. During the war, communists and anti-war activists insisted the Việt Cộng was an insurgency indigenous to the South, while the U.S. and South Vietnamese governments portrayed the group as a tool of Hanoi. Although the terminology distinguishes northerners from the southerners, communist forces were under a single command structure set up in 1958.
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Malto Brewery Malto Brewery is the largest brewery in Albania. The company sells a pilsener beer under the Birra Tirana brand, named after the capital, Tirana, where the beers are brewed. It was first produced in 1961 by the "Kombinati Ushqimor" (a state agency). The beer contains 4% alcohol.
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Equitisation Equitisation (Vietnamese: "Cổ phần hóa" ) is a Vietnamese English term that denotes the conversion of a state-owned enterprise in Vietnam into a public limited company or a corporation.
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Lao Asia Pacific Brewery Heineken Lao Brewery (HLB), previously known as Lao Asia Pacific Breweries, is a producer of beer in Laos and is based in Vientiane. It is the second brewer to be granted a beer investment license by the Government of Laos. The company is known as Lao Asia Pacific Breweries (LAPB) prior to March of 2017.
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State of Vietnam referendum, 1955 The State of Vietnam referendum of 1955 determined the future form of government of the State of Vietnam, the nation that was to become the Republic of Vietnam (widely known as South Vietnam). It was contested by Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm, who proposed a republic, and former emperor Bảo Đại. Bảo Đại had abdicated as emperor in 1945 and at the time of the referendum held the title of head of state. Though published counts showed Diệm winning the election with 98.2% of the vote, the referendum was widely marred by electoral fraud. In the capital, Saigon, Diệm was credited with more than 600,000 votes, although only 450,000 people were on the electoral roll. He accumulated tallies in excess of 90% of the registered voters, even in rural regions where opposition groups prevented voting.
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Beer in Myanmar Commercial brewing of beer in Myanmar commenced in 1886 and until 2015 was dominated by a single producer, Myanmar Brewery Ltd.
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Central Vietnam Central Vietnam (Vietnamese: "Miền Trung" ) also known as Middle Vietnam or The Middle, formerly known as "Trung Phần" by the Republic of Vietnam, "Trung Kỳ" and "Annam" under French Indochina, is one of the three geographical regions within Vietnam.
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1961 in the Vietnam War 1961 saw a new American president, John F. Kennedy, attempt to cope with a deteriorating military and political situation in South Vietnam. The Viet Cong with assistance from North Vietnam made substantial gains in controlling much of the rural population of South Vietnam. Kennedy expanded military aid to the government of President Ngo Dinh Diem, increased the number of U.S. military advisors in South Vietnam, and reduced the pressure that had been exerted on Diem during the Eisenhower Administration to reform his government and broaden his political base.
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Tet Offensive The Tet Offensive (Vietnamese: "Sự kiện Tết Mậu Thân 1968" , or "Tổng tiến công và nổi dậy Tết Mậu Thân") was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on January 30, 1968, by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam against the forces of the South Vietnamese Army of the Republic of Vietnam, the United States Armed Forces, and their allies. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam. The name of the offensive comes from the Tết holiday, the Vietnamese New Year, when the first major attacks took place.
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Socialist Party of Vietnam The Socialist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Đảng Xã hội Việt Nam) was a political party in Vietnam. It existed from 1946 to 1988. It was founded with the official aim of uniting 'patriotic intelligentsia'. Along with the Democratic Party of Vietnam, the Socialists joined the government of then-North Vietnam (Hoàng Minh Giám was foreign minister at one point). Some key leaders of the Party were Nguyễn Xiển, deputy secretary of the organisation from 1946 to 1956 and the secretary of the party from 1956 until the organisation was disbanded in 1988 and Hoàng Minh Giám, deputy Secretary (1956–1988).
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An Giang Coffee An Giang Coffee (CTCP Cà Phê An Giang) "(HST:AGC)" is a coffee company in Vietnam. An Giang primarily manufactures and trades coffee; it has other manufacturing activities and it operates a logistics network (i.e. warehousing and trucking). It produces about 60,000 tons of coffee per year, which is about 10% of Vietnam's total coffee production. An Giang exports coffee to over 20 countries, including Japan, Switzerland and Belgium; and it manages its own brand name of coffee, "An Giang Coffee".
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Vietnamese Brazilians Vietnamese Brazilians are a small community in Brazil consisting of approximately 150–200 permanent residents of Vietnamese ancestry. Many of these residents are the "boat people" who emigrated from Vietnam following the Fall of Saigon – the capture of the South Vietnamese capital by the North Vietnamese communist regime under Ho Chi Minh. Today, the community remains relatively obscure in Vietnam and among other Vietnamese communities abroad.
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Filtered beer Filtered beer refers to any ale, lager, or fermented malt beverage in which the sediment left over from the brewing process has been removed. Ancient techniques included the use of straw mats, cloth, or straws, and frequently left some sediment in the drink. Modern filtration, introduced at the end of the 19th century, uses a mechanical process that can remove all sediment, including yeast, from the beer. Such beer is known as bright beer and requires force carbonation before bottling or serving from a keg. In the United Kingdom a beer which has been filtered in the brewery is known as "brewery-conditioned," as opposed to unfiltered cask ales
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Persecution of Degar Peoples in Vietnam The native inhabitants of the Central Highlands are the Degar (Montagnard) peoples. The Vietnamese conquered the Central Highlands during their "march to the south" (Nam tiến). Ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh) people now outnumber the indigenous Degars after state sponsored colonization directed by both the government of South Vietnam and the current Communist government of unified Vietnam. The Montagnards have engaged in conflicts with the Vietnamese, from the anti-Communist South Vietnamese government, the Viet Cong, to the Communist government of unified Vietnam.
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Vietnam People's Air Force The Vietnam People's Air Force (Vietnamese: "Không quân Nhân dân Việt Nam" ) is the air force of Vietnam. It is the successor of the former North Vietnamese Air Force and absorbed the Republic of Vietnam Air Force following the re-unification of Vietnam in 1975. The Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) is one of three main branches in the Vietnam People's Army which is a part of the Ministry of Defence. The main mission of the VPAF is the defence of Vietnamese airspace and the provision of air cover for operations of the Vietnam People's Army.
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Judicial system of Vietnam The judicial system of Vietnam is governed under the Constitution of Vietnam, the Law on the Organization of People's Courts (2014), and the Law on the Organization of People's Procuracies (2014). Since Vietnam is a one-party socialist republic, the judiciary falls under the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, and judges and procurators are all members of the Party. The judiciary is nominally accountable to the National Assembly of Vietnam, which is the highest institution of government power in the country.
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Saigon Tourist Saigon Tourist (Vietnamese: "Tổng Công ty Du lịch Sài Gòn" ) is a state-owned enterprise headquartered in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It owns and manages hotels, restaurants and runs guided tours in southern Vietnam as well as throughout central Vietnam.
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Nguyễn Sinh Khiêm Nguyễn Sinh Khiêm (1888–1950), renamed Nguyễn Tất Đạt in accordance with Confucian tradition, was the brother of President Hồ Chí Minh of Việt Nam and also the brother of Nguyễn Thị Thanh. Khiêm was a geomancer and traditional herbalist. He had a daughter named Marilyn Mai Nguyễn; very little is known about the mother. After the death of Nguyễn Tất Đạt, Marilyn Mai Nguyễn set out with her 20,000 communist followers down south.
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Jägerbomb The Jägerbomb is a bomb shot mixed drink that was originally mixed by dropping a shot of Jägermeister into a glass of beer. Later, beer was replaced by Red Bull or other energy drinks. In German-speaking countries, it is called a "Turbojäger" or a "Fliegender Hirsch"/"Flying Hirsch" (Flying Stag)—where "Fliegender" is derived from the slogan "Red Bull verleiht Flügel" (Red Bull gives you wings) and "Stag" originates in the Jägermeister logo. A long drink mixed with Jägermeister and Red Bull is called "JägerBull". In Finland, it is called an "Akkuhappo" (Battery acid, with the energy drink used commonly being the Finnish Battery) while in Greece it is called "Υποβρύχιο" (Submarine)(note that the most common definition of "Υποβρύχιο" in Greece is whiskey/vodka with beer, lately the term "Jägerbomb" is more widely understood and accepted).
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Lê Đức Anh Lê Đức Anh (born 1 December 1920) is a Vietnamese general and politician who was President of Vietnam from 1992 to 1997. He previously led the Vietnamese forces in Cambodia throughout the 1980s. He was regarded as a conservative who advocated maintaining tight party control over domestic policies.