Which country's longest continuous deployment began because of intense political and sectarian rioting in Northern Ireland?
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Operation Banner Operation Banner was the operational name for the British Armed Forces' operation in Northern Ireland from August 1969 to July 2007, as part of the Troubles. It was the longest continuous deployment in the British military's history. The British Army was initially deployed, at the request of the unionist government of Northern Ireland, in response to the August 1969 riots. Its role was to support the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and to assert the authority of the British government in Northern Ireland. At the peak of the operation in the 1970s, about 21,000 British troops were deployed, most of them from Britain. As part of the operation, a new locally-recruited regiment was also formed: the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR).
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1969 Northern Ireland riots During 12–17 August 1969, intense political and sectarian rioting took place in Northern Ireland. There had been sporadic violence throughout the year arising from the civil rights campaign, which was demanding an end to discrimination against Irish Catholics. Civil rights marches were repeatedly attacked by both Ulster Protestant loyalists and by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), a unionist and largely Protestant police force.
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3rd Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment 3rd (County Down) Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment (3 UDR) was formed in 1970 as part of the seven original battalions specified in The Ulster Defence Regiment Act 1969, which received Royal Assent on 18 December 1969 and was brought into force on 1 January 1970. It was, along with the rest of the regiment, amalgamated with the Royal Irish Rangers in 1992 to form the Royal Irish Regiment.
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List of longest placenames in Ireland This is a list of the longest place names in Ireland. It includes names written in English as a single word of at least 20 letters. The vast majority of English-language place names in Ireland are anglicisations of Irish language names. The spelling which has legal force is usually that used by the Ordnance Survey of Ireland. Many of Ireland's longest place names are found in the far west of the island, where the Irish language survived the longest; including Gaeltacht areas, where it is still the vernacular. These names are generally written as multiple words in Irish.
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Billy Wright (loyalist) William Stephen "Billy" Wright (7 July 1960 – 27 December 1997) was a prominent Ulster loyalist during the ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland known as the Troubles. He joined the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) in 1975 and became commander of its Mid-Ulster Brigade in the early 1990s, having taken over from Robin "the Jackal" Jackson. According to the Royal Ulster Constabulary, Wright was involved in the sectarian killings of up to 20 Catholics, although he was never convicted for any. It has been alleged that Wright, like his predecessor, was an agent of the British security forces.
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Northern Ireland Home Service Medal The Northern Ireland Home Service Medal is a long service medal awarded to members of the Ulster Defence Regiment and its successor the Royal Irish Regiment. Established in 1992, the medal is awarded for 12 years of long and efficient service. Claps are awarded for six subsequent years of qualifying service. The medal replaced the Ulster Defence Regiment Medal.
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Free Stater (Ireland) Free Stater or pro-Treatyite is a term often used by opponents to describe those in Ireland who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 that led to the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922. The pro-Treaty side included members of the old IRA who had fought the British during the recent Irish War of Independence. Led by Michael Collins and Richard Mulcahy, it soon became the nucleus of the new (regular) Irish National Army that overcame their anti-Treaty IRA opponents during the often bitter Irish Civil War of 1922–23.
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Irish Confederate Wars The Irish Confederate Wars, also called the Eleven Years' War (derived from the Irish language name "Cogadh na hAon Bhliana Déag"), took place in Ireland between 1641 and 1653. It was the Irish theatre of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms – a series of civil wars in the kingdoms of Ireland, England and Scotland (all ruled by Charles I). The conflict in Ireland essentially started by pitting the native Irish Catholics against English and Scottish Protestant colonists and their supporters, and ended with Royalists, Irish Catholics and Scottish Presbyterians fighting the ultimate winners, the English Parliament. It was both a religious and an ethnic conflict – fought over who would govern Ireland, whether it would be governed from England, which ethnic and religious group would own most of the land, and which religion would predominate in the country. It was the most destructive conflict in Irish history.
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UDA South Belfast Brigade The UDA South Belfast Brigade is the section of the Ulster loyalist paramilitary group, the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), based in the southern quarter of Belfast, as well as in surrounding areas. Initially a battalion, the South Belfast Brigade emerged from the local "defence associations" active in the city at the beginning of the Troubles. It subsequently emerged as the largest of the UDA's six brigades and expanded to cover an area much wider than its initial South Belfast borders.
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Law enforcement in Ireland This is a description of law enforcement in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Before the Republic (then called the Irish Free State) left the union, one police force - the Royal Irish Constabulary - policed almost the whole island (aside from Dublin, where the Dublin Metropolitan Police were the main force, Belfast where the Belfast Borough Police were the main force and the borough of Londonderry where the Londonderry Borough Police were the main force before merging with the RIC. See List of defunct law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom and Irish Police records and also Royal Irish Constabulary Forum for other forces in Ireland that have been disbanded.).
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Provisional IRA South Armagh Brigade The South Armagh Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) operated during the Troubles in south County Armagh. It was organised into two battalions, one around Jonesborough and another around Crossmaglen. By the 1990s, the South Armagh Brigade was thought to consist of about 40 members, roughly half of them living south of the border. It has allegedly been commanded since the 1970s by Thomas 'Slab' Murphy who is also alleged to be a member of the IRA's Army Council. Compared to other brigades, the South Armagh IRA was seen as an 'independent republic' within the republican movement, retaining a battalion organizational structure and not adopting the cell structure the rest of the IRA was forced to adopt after repeated intelligence failures.
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Irish security forces Irish security forces is a term used to describe all security forces of the Republic of Ireland. The term was widely used to refer to the various security operations undertaken by the Irish state during The Troubles, and still continues to be used to describe security operations aimed at undermining the ongoing dissident Irish Republican campaign.
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2005 in Northern Ireland The following details notable events from the year 2005 in Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It is variously described as a country, province or region of the UK, amongst other terms. Northern Ireland shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west.
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Flag of Northern Ireland The official flag of Northern Ireland is the Union Flag of the United Kingdom. From 1953 until 1973, the Ulster Banner (also known as the Ulster flag) was used by the Parliament of Northern Ireland; however, since its abolition use of the flag has been limited to representing Northern Ireland in certain sports, at the Commonwealth of Nations, at some local councils and at some other organisations and occasions. Despite this, the Ulster Banner is still commonly seen and referred to as the flag of Northern Ireland, especially by those from the unionist and loyalist communities.
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Combat Aviation Brigade, 101st Airborne Division The Combat Aviation Brigade, 101st Airborne Division is a combat aviation brigade of the United States Army. It was first organized in July 1968 as an aviation group and stands as the most decorated aviation unit in the United States Army. It was redesignated an aviation brigade in 1986. It has served in almost every single military operation (combat, peacekeeping, and humanitarian) since the Vietnam War. In support of the Global War on Terror, the CAB has distinguished itself as the military's premiere combat aviation unit during its two deployments to Iraq (2003 and 2005) and five deployments to Afghanistan (2002, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015). The brigade has flown hundreds of thousands of hours during these combat tours, transporting millions of troops around the battlefield and providing close air support/aerial reconnaissance. The 101st broke its own record for longest air assault in history during the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Previously, the longest air assault was conducted in 1991 during Operation Desert Storm.
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United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus The United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus is a demilitarized zone, patrolled by the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP), that was established in 1964 and extended in 1974 after the cease fire of none }} , following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, and "de facto" partition of the island into the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus (southern Cyprus save for the British Sovereign Base Areas) and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in the North. The zone, also known as the Green Line (Greek: Πράσινη Γραμμή , "Prasini Grammi"; Turkish: "Yeşil Hat" ), stretches for 180 km from Paralimni in the east to Kato Pyrgos in the west, where a separate section surrounds Kokkina. The zone cuts through the centre of Nicosia, separating the city into southern and northern sections. In total, it spans an area of 346 km2 , varying in width from less than 20 metres to more than 7 kilometres.
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Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact The Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact (Armenian: շփման գիծ , "shp’man gits", Azerbaijani: "təmas xətti" ) is a militarized area that separates the Armenian forces (namely the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army) and the Azerbaijan Armed Forces. It was formed in the aftermath of the May 1994 ceasefire that ended the Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–94). It has been described as "heavily fortified," "a heavily-mined no-man's-land," and a "buffer zone of trenches." According to Thomas de Waal it is the "most militarised zone in the wider Europe," and one of the three most militarized zones in the world (along with Kashmir and North Korea). De Waal described it as a "fearsome scar on the map, more than 200 km long, with World-War-I-style trenches on either side, bristling with heavy weaponry." Gerard Toal and John O'Loughlin wrote in the "Washington Post" that the line of contact "features World War I-style trenches on both sides, in some places three rows deep."
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Border Communities Against Brexit Border Communities Against Brexit is an organisation which seeks to protect people who live close to the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland from the consequences of Brexit. The organisation is active in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
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4th Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment 4th (County Fermanagh) Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment (4 UDR) was formed in 1970 as part of the 7 original battalions specified in The Ulster Defence Regiment Act 1969, which received Royal Assent on 18 December 1969 and was brought into force on 1 January 1970. It was amalgamated with the 6th Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment in 1992 to form the 4th/6th Battalion, Ulster Defence Regiment.
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List of wars involving the Republic of Ireland This is a list of wars involving Ireland since its inception as the Irish Free State and since the Irish War of Independence.
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Oscar Traynor Oscar Traynor (21 March 1886 – 15 December 1963) was an Irish politician and republican. He served in a number of cabinet positions, most notably as the country's longest-serving Minister for Defence.
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Irish Naval Service The Naval Service (Irish: "an tSeirbhís Chabhlaigh" ) is the maritime component of the Defence Forces of Ireland and is one of the three branches of the Irish Defence Forces. Its base is in Haulbowline, County Cork.