Which seismic zone triggered the 2010 Indiana earthquake?
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2010 Indiana earthquake The 2010 Indiana earthquake registered 3.8 on the moment magnitude scale and struck near Greentown and Kokomo on December 30, 2010 at 12:55:21 UTC at a depth of 3 mi. The quake occurred approximately 50 miles north of Indiana's capital, Indianapolis. It joins only three other earthquakes that have affected the northern Indiana area since 1999. The “extremely rare and unprecedented” earthquake had the largest magnitude of a northern Indiana earthquake in 175 years. Despite being considered a rare occurrence, the affected region of northern Indiana lies near many fault lines including the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone and the New Madrid Seismic Zone. Both zones are hotspots for tectonic activity, with the Wabash Valley Fault Zone reaching earthquake depths up to 18 km (11.4 mi.) deep. It was incorrectly recorded by nearby stations as a 4.2 magnitude before being downgraded to 3.8. No significant damage was reported from the incident, but the quake was felt by thousands, spanning across multiple cities and states. Towns as far away as Kalamazoo, Michigan and states as far as Wisconsin and Kentucky reported the earthquake.
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New Madrid Seismic Zone The New Madrid Seismic Zone (pronounced ), sometimes called the New Madrid Fault Line, is a major seismic zone and a prolific source of intraplate earthquakes (earthquakes within a tectonic plate) in the southern and midwestern United States, stretching to the southwest from New Madrid, Missouri.
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2007 Martinique earthquake The 2007 Martinique earthquake took place on November 29 at in the Windward Islands region, underneath the Martinique Passage. It was a magnitude 7.4 earthquake which occurred from Fort-de-France, Martinique.
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2009 Papua earthquakes The 2009 Papua earthquakes occurred on January 4 local time in Indonesia's West Papua province. The very large earthquake doublet comprised a magnitude 7.6 initial shock that had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI ("Strong") and a second very large event that had a moment magnitude of 7.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII ("Severe"). The events took place less than three hours apart to the east-northeast of Sorong on the Bird's Head Peninsula and left at least four people dead and dozens injured.
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List of induced seismic events The following is a list of human induced seismic events.
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1983 Popayán earthquake The 1983 Popayán earthquake (Spanish: "El Terremoto de Popayán" ) occurred on 31 March in Popayán, Colombia. It had a magnitude of at least 5.5 with an epicenter south west of Popayán at a depth of 12-15 km . The earthquake killed 267 people and resulted in the passing of new laws requiring earthquake resistant building materials in zones at risk of tremors.
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1707 Hōei earthquake The 1707 Hōei earthquake ("Hōei jishin" 宝永地震 ) struck south-central Japan at 14:00 local time on October 28, 1707. It was the largest earthquake in Japanese history until the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake surpassed it. It caused moderate to severe damage throughout southwestern Honshu, Shikoku and southeastern Kyūshū. The earthquake, and the resulting destructive tsunami, caused more than 5,000 casualties. This event ruptured all of the segments of the Nankai megathrust simultaneously, the only earthquake known to have done this, with an estimated magnitude of 8.6 M. It might also have triggered the last eruption of Mount Fuji 49 days later.
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Kankakee Arch The Kankakee Arch is a geologic arch with a northwest–southeast trending axis which connects the Cincinnati Arch to the southeast with the Wisconsin Dome to the northwest. It lies beneath northeastern Illinois, northern Indiana and southeastern Wisconsin. This structural ridge lies between the Illinois Basin to the southwest and the Michigan Basin to the northeast. The area of central Illinois began to depress by the late Ordovician. The Cincinnati Arch was developing across eastern Indiana during the late Ordovician. By the early Silurian the seas northwest of the Cincinnati Arch began to become shallower. By the Early Mississippian, the Kankakee arch was above sea level.
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2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami The 2010 Mentawai earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.7 on 25 October off the western coast of Sumatra at 21:42 local time (14:42 UTC). The earthquake occurred on the same fault that produced the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. It was widely felt across the provinces of Bengkulu and West Sumatra and resulted in a substantial localized tsunami that struck the Mentawai Islands.
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Foumban Shear Zone The Foumban Shear Zone, or Central Cameroon Shear Zone (CCSZ), is a fault zone in Cameroon that has been correlated with the Pernambuco fault in northeastern Brazil, which splays from the Trans-Brazilian Lineament.
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1999 Düzce earthquake The 1999 Düzce earthquake occurred on 12 November at with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX ("Violent"), causing damage and at least 845 fatalities in Düzce, Turkey. The epicenter was approximately 100 km to the east of the extremely destructive 1999 İzmit earthquake. Both strike-slip earthquakes occurred on the North Anatolian Fault.
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Norman Upland The Norman Upland of southern Indiana comprises hilly terrain caused by the outcropping of sandstone units at the surface. The Norman Upland is the result of the exposure of the ancient Borden deltaic complex, which includes the Borden Formation. The age of the rocks in the Norman Upland are Mississippian.
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Indiana Asteroid Program The Indiana Asteroid Program was a photographic astronomical survey of asteroids during 1949–1967, at the U.S. Goethe Link Observatory near Brooklyn, Indiana. The program was initiated by Frank K. Edmondson of Indiana University using a 10-inch "f/"6.5 Cooke triplet astrographic camera.
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Šoštanj Fault The Šoštanj Fault (] ; Slovene: "Šoštanjski prelom" ) is a fault in Slovenia. It connects the Periadriatic Fault with the Lavanttal Fault and strikes NW-SE. Movements along the fault are dextral strike-slip and took place in the Pliocene. The fault is named after the town of Šoštanj.
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2014 Aleutian Islands earthquake The 2014 Aleutian Islands earthquake occurred on 23 June at 11:53 HADT (UTC-9) with a moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI ("Strong"). The shock occurred in the Aleutian Islands – part of the US state of Alaska – 19 mi southeast of Little Sitkin Island.
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2003 San Simeon earthquake The 2003 San Simeon earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 6.6 on the Central Coast of California, about 7 mi northeast of San Simeon. It occurred at 11:15 PST (19:15 UTC) on December 22. The earthquake probably occurred on the Oceanic fault zone in the Santa Lucia Mountains. It was caused by thrust faulting and propagated southeast from the hypocenter for 12 miles (19 km). The most violent ground movement occurred within 50 miles of the epicenter, though the earthquake was felt as far away as Los Angeles. It was the most destructive earthquake to hit the U.S since the 1994 Northridge earthquake.
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2001 Nisqually earthquake The 2001 Nisqually earthquake (also commonly referred to as "The Ash Wednesday earthquake") occurred at on February 28. The intraslab earthquake had a moment magnitude of 6.8 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII ("Severe"). The epicenter was in the southern Puget Sound, northeast of Olympia, but the shock was felt in Oregon, Canada, eastern Washington, and Idaho. This was one of several large earthquakes that occurred in the Puget sound region in the prior 52 years and caused property damage valued at between one and four billion dollars. One person died of a heart attack and several hundred were injured.
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2005 Zarand earthquake The 2005 Zarand earthquake affected several villages in the Kerman province of Iran on February 22 at . The shock measured 6.4 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII ("Severe"). Zarand is located 740 km southeast of Tehran. The maximum recorded peak ground acceleration was 0.51 "g" at Shirinrud dam. The United States' National Earthquake Information Center and the Belgian' Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters both show that 612 died and 1,411 were injured in the event.
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Seismotectonics Seismotectonics is the study of the relationship between the earthquakes, active tectonics and individual faults of a region. It seeks to understand which faults are responsible for seismic activity in an area by analysing a combination of regional tectonics, recent instrumentally recorded events, accounts of historical earthquakes and geomorphological evidence. This information can then be used to quantify the seismic hazard of an area.
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Seismogenic layer In geophysics and seismology, the seismogenic layer covers the range of depths within the crust or lithosphere in which most earthquakes originate. Typically in continental crust this is in the uppermost 15 km. The base of this layer represents the downwards change in deformation mechanism from elastic and frictional processes (associated with brittle faulting) to a generally aseismic zone where ductile creep becomes the dominant process. The location of this change in deformation style is sometimes referred to as the Brittle-ductile transition zone.
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Deep-focus earthquake A deep-focus earthquake in seismology is an earthquake with a hypocenter depth exceeding 300 km. They occur almost exclusively at oceanic-continental convergent boundaries in association with subducted oceanic lithosphere. They occur along a dipping tabular zone beneath the subduction zone known as the Wadati–Benioff zone.
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2010 New Britain earthquakes On July 18, 2010 a 7.3 magnitude earthquake occurred in New Britain, Papua New Guinea. This quake was the second in a series of two earthquakes to hit New Britain on July 18, the first one measuring magnitude 6.9. A tsunami warning was issued but later lifted. Some houses in the area of the earthquake were reported collapsed.