The Gang that cooperated with the agency created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty was a leading member of what committee?
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Martin Gang Martin Gang ((1901--) 12, 1901 – (1998--) 29, 1998 ) was an American lawyer who fought against the 1940s and 1950s Hollywood blacklist. From 1931 to his death, he was a partner in the American law firm now known as Gang, Tyre, Ramer, and Brown (originally Gang, Kopp, and Brown). In the 1950s, Gang was known for providing legal representation to movie industry workers who cooperated with the House Un-American Activities Committee and was a leading member of the American Jewish Committee. He was portrayed in the 1991 movie "Guilty by Suspicion". One of the McCarthy era's most frequent "clearance" lawyers in Hollywood, Gang developed methods for ensuring that admitted but publicly repentant former communists could avoid studio blacklists and continue working in Hollywood. He counseled his clients to cooperate with the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), to admit their connection to communism, to fully repudiate their former beliefs, and to tell HUAC what they knew about former friends, colleagues, and acquaintances who were involved in communist groups. Counseling clients to "name names" is without question the most controversial and puzzling aspect of Gang's career. How could a lifelong liberal and founding member of the National Lawyer's Guild have been involved with facilitating and legitimatizing the work of HUAC? Gang himself thought he was merely zealously representing the interests of his client who simply wanted to keep working. HUAC already had the names so none of the people he counseled to cooperate with HUAC were damaging anyone who wasn't already implicated. But to cooperate with a witch hunt and to legitimize the witch hunters by cooperating with them is a bizarre legacy for a man of Martin Gang's stature and liberal bona fides.
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House Un-American Activities Committee The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC; a.k.a., House Committee on Un-American Activities, HUAC or HCUA) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. The HUAC was created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having communist ties. In 1969, the House changed the committee's name to "House Committee on Internal Security". When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee.
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List of Cohen crime family members The Cohen crime family, or the Siegel-Cohen crime syndicate, was a Jewish-Italian crime family that was active from 1933 to 1961. The family was founded by New York Jewish mobster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel in the early 1930s. He had Los Angeles Mafia boss Jack Dragna and Jewish mobsters Mickey Cohen and Moe Sedway as his lieutenants. He created the biggest prostitution ring, gambling and protection rackets in Las Vegas and Los Angeles. He also expanded into drug trafficking and bookmaking.
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Dave Beck Dave Beck (June 16, 1894 – December 26, 1993) was an American labor leader, and president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters from 1952 to 1957. He helped found the "Conference" system of organization in the Teamsters union, and shot to national prominence in 1957 by repeatedly invoking his right against self-incrimination before a United States Senate committee investigating labor racketeering.
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Hofstadter Committee The Hofstadter Committee, also known as the Seabury investigations, was a joint legislative committee formed by the New York State Legislature to probe into corruption in New York City, especially the magistrate's courts and police department in 1931. It led to major changes in the method of arrest, bail and litigation of suspects in New York City.
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Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC, Russian: Еврейский антифашистский комитет "Yevreysky antifashistsky komitet", ЕАК) was organized by the Jewish Bund (labor union) leaders Henryk Erlich and Victor Alter, upon an initiative of Soviet authorities, in fall 1941; both were released from prison in connection with their participation. Following their re-arrest, in December 1941, the Committee was reformed on Joseph Stalin's order in Kuibyshev in April 1942 with the official support of the Soviet authorities. It was designed to influence international public opinion and organize political and material support for the Soviet fight against Nazi Germany, particularly from the West. In 1952, as part of the persecution of Jews in the last year part of Stalin's rule (for example, the "Doctors' plot"), most prominent members of the JAC were arrested on trumped-up spying charges, tortured, tried in secret proceedings, and executed in the basement of Lubyanka Prison. Stalin and elements of the KGB were worried about their influence and connections with the West. They were officially rehabilitated in 1988.
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1940 in organized crime 1939 in organized crime,
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Chicago Commission on Race Relations The Chicago Commission on Race Relations was an investigative committee, appointed by Illinois governor Frank Lowden. The commission was set up after the Chicago riots of July and August 1919. The investigation was privately funded.
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Gaston Means Gaston Bullock Means (July 11, 1879 – December 12, 1938) was an American private detective, salesman, bootlegger, forger, swindler, murder suspect, blackmailer, and con artist.
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George Musey George Musey, also known as "one-armed George Musey", was an associate mob boss in Galveston, Texas, during the 1920s and early 1930s. He, with the "Beau Brummel of Galveston" Johnny Jack Nounes, led the Downtown Gang, one of the two gangs which controlled Galveston underworld until the early 1930s. Musey was the gang's top enforcer and would not let anyone ruin the rise of the Downtown Gang. Bootlegging was his specialty, therefore, when the law would arrive to seize the illegal hooch, Musey always escaped. However, he was convicted on conspiracy liquor charges and sent to Atlanta Penitentiary. He went on to head the gang as Nounes's absence was in effect due to his prison terms. He was the only right-hand man to gang boss Nounes and he was the best acting boss the gang ever had. He was later assassinated in 1935, eight days after his 35th birthday.
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Vigilance committee A vigilance committee was a group formed of private citizens to administer law and order where they considered governmental structures to be inadequate. The term is commonly associated with the frontier areas of the American West in the mid-19th century, where groups attacked cattle rustlers and gangs, and people at gold mining claims. As such groups operated outside the law, they sometimes took excessive actions and even sometimes killed innocent people without knowing it. In the years prior to the Civil War, some committees worked to free slaves and transport them to freedom.
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Morris Childs Morris H. Childs (born Moishe Chilovsky; 1902–1991) was an American political activist and American Communist Party functionary who became a Soviet espionage agent (1929) and then a double agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (1952) until leaving both services by 1982. Beginning in 1958, Childs acted as a secret courier on behalf of the American party, briefing Soviet officials on political affairs in the American party and carrying funds to support the American Communist movement from Moscow to New York City, reporting details all the while to his FBI handlers. Over the course of two decades of activity in this role, Childs played a major part in the transfer of more than $28 million in Soviet subsidies to the American movement. For his activity as a courier on behalf of the Soviet government, Childs was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1975. His work as a spy for the American intelligence community was recognized in 1987 when Childs (together with his brother Jack) was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan.
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Max F. Schmittberger Maximilian Frances Schmittberger (July 27, 1851 - October 31, 1917) was an American law enforcement officer and chief police inspector for the New York City Police Department from 1909 until his death in 1917. He and Captain John Price were both wardmen closely associated with Inspector Alexander "Clubber" Williams while a precinct captain in the Tenderloin district. Schmittberger later became a star witness testifying before the Lexow Committee on police corruption within the NYPD.
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Pujo Committee The Pujo Committee was a United States congressional subcommittee in 1912–1913 that was formed to investigate the so-called "money trust", a community of Wall Street bankers and financiers that exerted powerful control over the nation's finances. After a resolution introduced by congressman Charles Lindbergh Sr. for a probe on Wall Street power, congressman Arsène Pujo of Louisiana was authorized to form a subcommittee of the House Committee on Banking and Currency. In 1913–1914, the findings inspired public support for ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment that authorized a federal income tax, passage of the Federal Reserve Act, and passage of the Clayton Antitrust Act.
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Frank Church Frank Forrester Church III (July 25, 1924 – April 7, 1984) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States Senator from Idaho from 1957 to 1981. He is known for heading the Church Committee, which investigated abuses in the United States Intelligence Community.
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Richard Aoki Richard Masato Aoki ( or ; 20 November 1938 – 15 March 2009) was an American educator and college counselor, best known as a civil rights activist and early member of the Black Panther Party. He joined the early Black Panther Party and was eventually promoted to the position of Field Marshal. Although there were several Asian Americans in the Black Panther Party, Aoki was the only one to have a formal leadership position. Following Aoki's death, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's records on him were obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, showing that, over a period of 15 years, he had been an informant for the government on the activities of the San Francisco area dissident movement.
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Subversive Activities Control Board The Subversive Activities Control Board (SACB) was a United States government committee to investigate Communist infiltration of American society during the 1950s Red Scare. It was the subject of a landmark United States Supreme Court decision of the Warren Court, "Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Board", 351 U.S. 115 (1956), that would lead to later decisions that rendered the Board powerless.
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Devlin Commission The Devlin Commission, officially the Nyasaland Commission of Inquiry, was a commission of inquiry set up in 1959 under the chairmanship of Mr. Justice Devlin, later Lord Devlin, after African opposition to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, particularly its farming and rural conservation policies, and demands for progress towards majority rule promoted by the Nyasaland African Congress under its leader Dr Hastings Banda led to widespread disturbances in Nyasaland and some deaths. A State of Emergency was declared in March 1958; about 1,300 people, many of whom were members of the Nyasaland African Congress were detained without trial, over were 2,000 imprisoned for offences related to the emergency and the Congress itself was banned. During the State of Emergency, a total of 51 people were killed by troops or the police. Although the four members of the Commission were members of the The British Establishment, its findings were highly unfavourable to the Nyasaland Government.
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Advisory Committee on Government Organization The U.S. President’s Advisory Committee on Government Organization (the Rockefeller Committee) was established by Executive Order 10432 on January 24, 1953. Members of the committee were appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower and served without compensation. Nelson A. Rockefeller served as Chairman until 1958; upon his resignation, Arthur S. Flemming served as Chairman. Other permanent members were Dr. Milton S. Eisenhower and Don K. Price, Jr. In addition to the permanent members, the committee had the services of experts from government, universities and business who acted as consultants. A few of the consultants were: Dr. Ernest Williams, Professor Emmette S. Redford, Herman Pollack, Fordyce Luikart, Willard Bascom, Jerold Kieffer, Joseph Dodge, and William Barclay Harding.
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Aleksei Stetskii Aleksei Ivanovich Stetskii (January 15, 1896 – August 1, 1938) was a Russian journalist and member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the Central Committee elected by the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the Orgburo. He was head of the Leninist Culture and Propaganda Department (Agitprop) from February 10, 1934 to May 13, 1935. During the Great Purge, he was arrested on April 26, 1938 on charges of counter-revolution and later executed by firing squad. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.
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Dwight Chapin Dwight Lee Chapin (born December 2, 1940) is an American political organizer, businessman, and retired public servant. He was Deputy Assistant to the President Richard Nixon, during the Watergate scandal. Chapin was convicted of lying to a grand jury (perjury) during the scandal and served nine months at the Federal Correctional Institution, Lompoc.
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Ferdinand Pecora Ferdinand Pecora (January 6, 1882 – December 7, 1971) was an American lawyer and judge who became famous in the 1930s as Chief Counsel to the United States Senate Committee on Banking and Currency during its investigation of Wall Street banking and stock brokerage practices.