What year did this grandfather Maria Clementina Sobieska become king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania?
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Maria Clementina Sobieska Maria Clementina Sobieska (in Polish Maria Klementyna Sobieska; 18 July 1702 – 18 January 1735) was a Polish noblewoman, the granddaughter of the Polish king John III Sobieski, the wife of James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite claimant to the British throne, and mother of Charles Edward Stuart and of Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart
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John III Sobieski John III Sobieski (Polish: "Jan III Sobieski" ; Lithuanian: "Jonas III Sobieskis" ; Latin: "Ioannes III Sobiscius" ; 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696), was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death, and one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Mikołaj Sapieha (1581–1644) Mikołaj Sapieha (Lithuanian: "Mykalojus Sapiega" ) (1581 - 1644) also known as Pobożny (""Pious"") was a nobleman of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and "Great Standard-Keeper" of Lithuania. He was also
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Mikhailo Olelkovich Mikhailo Aleksandrovich Olelkovich (executed on August 30, 1481 in Vilnius) was a noble from the Olelkovich family of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He was the brother of Prince Simeon Olelkovich of Kiev and cousin of Grand Prince Ivan III of Moscow. Mikhailo was allegedly involved both in bringing the Judaizer Heresy to Novgorod and the failed defection of the city to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1471. He also organized a coup against Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, but was discovered and executed in 1481. Mikhailo's son Semen continued the family line.
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Barbara Kolanka Barbara Kolanka or Barbara Kołówna h. Junosza (end of the 15th century–1550) was a Polish noble lady. She is best known as the mother of Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł and Barbara Radziwiłł, the latter of whom later became the Queen consort of Poland.
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Karolina Teresa Radziwiłł Princess Karolina Teresa Radziwiłł (Lithuanian: "Karolina Teresa Radvilaitė" ) (1707–1765) was a Polish–Lithuanian noble lady.
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Sophia of Halshany Sophia of Halshany or Sonka Olshanskaya (Belarusian: Соф'я Гальшанская, "Sofja Halšanskaja" ; Lithuanian: "Sofija Alšėniškė" ; Polish: "Zofia Holszańska" ;  1405 – September 21, 1461 in Kraków) was a Grand Duchy of Lithuania princess of Halshany. As the fourth and last wife of Jogaila, King of Poland and Supreme Duke of Lithuania, she was Queen consort of Poland (1422–1434). As the mother of Władysław III, King of Poland and Hungary, and Casimir IV, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, she was the founder of the Jagiellon dynasty.
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Maria of Vitebsk Maria of Vitebsk (died before 1349) was the first wife of Algirdas, future Grand Duke of Lithuania (marriage took place around 1318). Very little is known about her life. The only child of a Russian prince Yaroslav, Maria was the only heir to the Principality of Vitebsk. After her father's death ca. 1345, Vitebsk fell permanently under control of Algirdas and other Gediminids. Maria gave birth to five sons, all of whom grew up while Algirdas was still only a regional duke in Slavic lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. All five sons were baptized in Orthodox rite and ruled Russian lands giving rise to prominent clans of Russian dukes (Trubetskoy family from Demetrius I Starshy, Czartoryski family from Constantine, Sanguszko family from Fiodor, Belsky and Olelkovich families from Valdimir). After Maria's death, Algirdas married another Russian princess, Uliana of Tver. After Algirdas' death, eldest sons of Maria and Uliana battled over succession rights.
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Michael Žygimantaitis Michael Žygimantaitis (Lithuanian: "Mykolas Žygimantaitis" , Polish: "Michał Bolesław Zygmuntowicz" ; before 1406 – shortly before February 10, 1452 in Moscow) was the last male descendant of Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania. He supported his father Sigismund Kęstutaitis in power struggles with Švitrigaila. In 1435 he led his father's army to victory in the Battle of Pabaiskas. After his father's assassination in 1440, Michael unsuccessfully fought against Casimir IV Jagiellon for the title of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. At first Michael was supported by Samogitia, but in 1441 Casimir issued a privilege confirming Samogitia's semi-autonomous status and thus avoiding a civil war. Until 1447 he was supported by Dukes of Masovia. In 1448 Michael asked help from the Crimean Khanate. With their help he attacked and shortly took control of Kiev, Starodub, Novhorod-Siversky. Soon he was captured and transported to the Grand Duchy of Moscow where he died under unclear circumstances (possibly poisoned). He was buried in Vilnius Cathedral.
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Michael Glinski Michael Glinsky (Lithuanian: "Mykolas Glinskis" , Russian: Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky , Polish: "Michał Gliński" ; 1460s – 24 September 1534) was a noble from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of distant Tatar extraction who was also a tutor of his nephew, Ivan the Terrible. As a young man, Glinsky served in the court of Emperor Maximilian I and earned distinction for his military service. Around 1498 he returned to Lithuania and quickly rose in power and wealth, angering local nobles. Just after commanding the victorious Battle of Kletsk against the Crimean Khanate in August 1506, he was accused of conspiracy against the deceased Grand Duke Alexander Jagiellon and lost all his wealth. Glinsky began an armed rebellion against Sigismund I, the new Grand Duke. The rebellion was unsuccessful and Glinski retreated to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, where he served Vasili III of Russia. When the Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars renewed in 1512, Glinsky was instrumental in helping Moscow to capture Smolensk, a major trading center. However, he was not rewarded with the regency of the city. Angered, he planned to betray Vasili III, but the plot was discovered and he was imprisoned for 12 years. He was freed after his niece Elena Glinskaya married Vasili III in 1526. Before his death in 1533, Vasili appointed Elena and Glinski as protectors of his underage sons Ivan and Yuri. Elena disapproved of Glinsky's influence in the state and had him sent to prison, where he soon died of starvation.
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Hieronim Wincenty Radziwiłł Prince Hieronim Wincenty Radziwiłł (Lithuanian: "Jeronimas Vincentas Radvila" ) (May 11, 1759 – September 18, 1786) was a Polish nobleman, prince, diplomat, politician and Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded in 1780.
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Frederick I of Prussia Frederick I (German: "Friedrich I" ) (11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia). The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia (1701–1713). From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel (German: "Fürstentum Neuenburg" ). He was also the paternal grandfather of Frederick the Great.
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Stanisław Kiszka Stanisław Piotrowicz Kiszka (Lithuanian: "Stanislovas Kiška" ; died in 1513 or 1514) was a noble from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. He became the founder of the House of Kiszka. He was sent on diplomatic missions to the Grand Duchy of Moscow and Kingdom of Poland. During the Second Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1500–03), he successfully defended Smolensk and became Great Hetman (commander of the army). Shortly before his death, Kiszka also became Grand Marshal of Lithuania.
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Venskus Venskus, a common Lithuanian surname, is the shortened Lithuanian translation of the Polish name, Wenceslaus. Wenceslaus II (1271-1305), King of Bohemia, crowned himself King of Poland in 1300. In an attempt to strengthen the power of the Crown, Wenceslaus II undertook a series of initiatives to undermine provincial authority in Lithuania. Such policies threatened the very existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The name Venskus has served to strengthen the inherent natural rivalry between Poland and Lithuania, particularly in the Interwar period.
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Michał Kazimierz Pac Michał Kazimierz Pac (Lithuanian: "Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas" ; 1624 – 4 April 1682 in Wace near Vilnius) of the Gozdawa Coat of Arms, was a nobleman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and a member of the Pac family. He was a son of Stefan Pac and a brother of Krzysztof Zygmunt Pac, the Chancellor of Lithuania.
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Stanisław August Poniatowski Stanisław II Augustus (also Stanisław August Poniatowski; born Stanisław Antoni Poniatowski; 17 January 1732 – 12 February 1798) was the last King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania and the last monarch of the united Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1764–95). He remains a controversial figure in Polish history. Recognized as a great patron of the arts and sciences and an initiator and firm supporter of progressive reforms, he is also remembered as the last king of the Commonwealth whose election was marred by Russian involvement. He is criticized primarily for his failure to stand against the partitions, and thus to prevent the destruction of Poland.
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Jewna Jewna (Belarusian: Еўна , Lithuanian: "Jaunė" , literally, "young woman" in Lithuanian; died ca. 1344) was daughter of Prince Ivan of Polatsk and wife of Gediminas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1316–1341). She is mentioned in written sources only once – the "Bychowiec Chronicle", a late and unreliable source. Therefore, some historians cast a serious doubt on her existence, but modern reference works still widely cite her as the ancestress of the Gediminids dynasty.
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Teofila Zofia Sobieska Teofila Zofia Sobieska, née Daniłowicz (Polish: "Daniłowiczówna") (1607 – 27 November 1661) was a Polish noblewoman ("szlachcianka"), mother of Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland.
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Jan Karol Chodkiewicz Jan Karol Chodkiewicz ("c". 1560 – 24 September 1621; Belarusian: Ян Караль Хадкевіч, "Jan Karal Chadkievič" , Lithuanian: "Jonas Karolis Chodkevičius" ) was a military commander of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth army who was from 1601 Field Hetman of Lithuania, and from 1605 Grand Hetman of Lithuania, and was one of the most prominent noblemen and military commanders of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth of his era. His coat of arms was Chodkiewicz, as was his family name.
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Union of Krewo In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or Act of Krėva (also Union of Krevo, Act of Kreva) was a set of prenuptial promises made in the Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in exchange for marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland. The act was very limited in scope and in the historiography the term "Union of Krewo" often refers not only to the particular document but to the events of 1385–1386 as a whole. After the negotiations in 1385, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386. The union was a decisive moment in the histories of Poland and Lithuania; it marked a beginning of the four centuries of shared history between the two nations. By 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union grew into a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and lasted until the Third Partition in 1795.
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George, Duke of Mecklenburg George, Duke of Mecklenburg (German: "Georg Herzog zu Mecklenburg" ; 5 October [O.S. 22 September] 1899 – 6 July 1963) was the head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1934 until his death. Through his father, he was a direct descendant (great-great-grandson) of Russian Emperor Paul I.
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Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1674 On November 10, 1673, Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, suddenly died in Lwów. The Polish throne was vacant again, so another free election was necessary. As in 1669,the main candidates were French Duke Louis, Grand Conde, Philip William, Elector Palatine (both supported by Louis XIV of France), and Charles V, Duke of Lorraine.