What century were the Leiper Canal and Duluth Ship Canal built?
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Leiper Canal Early in the 19th century, the Leiper Canal built in 1828-29 during the middle of the American canal age ran about 3 mi along Crum Creek in Delaware County to its mouth in Eastern Pennsylvania's Delaware Valley carrying its owners quarried products to docks on the Delaware River tidewater until 1852.
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Duluth Ship Canal The Duluth Ship Canal is an artificial channel cut through Minnesota Point, providing direct access to Duluth harbor from Lake Superior. Begun privately in 1871, it was put under federal supervision and maintenance several years later. It is still an important component of the harbor facilities.
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Seventh Street Improvement Arches The Seventh Street Improvement Arches are a double-arched masonry highway bridge that formerly spanned the St. Paul and Duluth Railroad tracks in St. Paul, Minnesota. The Seventh Street Improvement Arches are historically significant for its rarity and the technically demanding nature of its skewed, helicoidal spiral, stone-arch design. The bridge is one of the few of its type in the United States, and is the only known bridge of its type in Minnesota. It was built in 1883-1884 by Michael O’Brien and McArthur Brothers of Chicago and was designed by William A. Truesdell. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 and on the American Society of Civil Engineers Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks in 2000.
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Co-operative Central Exchange Co-operative Central Exchange (CCE, Keskusosuuskunta), founded in 1917 and known from the spring of 1931 as Central Co-operative Wholesale, was the coordinating entity of a network of consumers' co-operatives located primarily in the states of the American Upper Midwest. Based in the Great Lakes port city of Superior, Wisconsin, located adjacent to the Finnish enclave of Duluth, Minnesota, the Co-operative Central Exchange produced an array of its own branded products under the "Red Star" and "Co-operators' Best" brand names and did annual volume well in excess of $1 million from 1928 on.
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Lock and Dam No. 2 Lock and Dam No. 2 is located along the Upper Mississippi River near Hastings, Minnesota and was originally built in 1907. The eastern dam portion is 722 ft wide and has 19 tainter gates. A hydroelectric station that produces about 4.4 megawatts is owned by the city of Hastings, while the 110 × lock is operated by the St. Paul district of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Mississippi Valley Division. There's also a wide earthen dam on the western side of the facility.
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American Ship Building Company The American Ship Building Company was the dominant shipbuilder on the Great Lakes before the Second World War. It started as Cleveland Shipbuilding in Cleveland, Ohio in 1888 and opened the yard in Lorain, Ohio in 1898. It changed its name to the American Ship Building Company in 1900, when it acquired Superior Shipbuilding, in Superior, Wisconsin; Toledo Shipbuilding, in Toledo, Ohio; and West Bay Shipbuilding, in West Bay City, Michigan. With the coming of World War I, the company also acquired Buffalo Dry Dock, in Buffalo, New York; Chicago Shipbuilding, in Chicago, Illinois; and Detroit Shipbuilding, in Wyandotte, Michigan. American Shipbuilding ranked 81st among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts.
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Neighborhoods of Duluth, Minnesota The city of Duluth, overlooking Lake Superior in the U.S. state of Minnesota has several distinct neighborhoods.
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Lac La Belle, Michigan Lac La Belle (French: "Lake Beautiful"), is the name given to both a lake and a small unincorporated community in Keweenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The town was originally the site of a stamping plant for the copper mines of the Keweenaw, specifically the Mendota Mine and the Delaware Mine. Copper-bearing rock was transported from the mines to the stamping plant, where it was processed and loaded onto freighters. The lake is a typical "Canadian Shield" type lake averaging approximately 30 feet (9 m) deep, and empties into Lake Superior at Bete Gris, by way of both a natural channel and a dredged canal. The canal was dredged in the 1860s with funding from several copper mining companies, for use by lake freighters, carrying copper ore.
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North Shore Channel The North Shore Channel is a drainage canal built between 1907 and 1910 to flush the sewage-filled North Branch of the Chicago River down the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The sewage carrying duty has been largely taken over by the Chicago Deep Tunnel, but there are still occasional discharges due to heavy rains.
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History of Rochester, New York This article documents the history of Rochester, New York, in western New York State. Settlement began in the late 18th century, and the city flourished with the opening of the Erie Canal. It became a major manufacturing center, and attracted many Germans, Irish and other immigrants, as well as a dominant group of Yankees of New England origin. The Yankees made Rochester the center of multiple reform movements, such as abolitionism and women's rights. It was famous as the center of the American photography industry, with headquarters of Eastman Kodak. In the 1970s it became fashionable to call the industrial cities along the Great Lakes 'rustbelt cities' following the move away from steel, chemical and other hard goods manufacturing. Rochester, with the presence of Ritter-Pfaulder, Bausch and Lomb, Eastman Kodak, Xerox, Gannett and other major industries, defied the trend for many decades following WWII.
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Duluth Civic Center Historic District Duluth Civic Center Historic District is a historic district in Duluth, Minnesota that includes four buildings: the Saint Louis County Courthouse, designed by architect Daniel Burnham and built in 1908–1909; Duluth City Hall, designed by Thomas J. Shefchik built in 1928, the Federal Building designed by government architects and built in 1920, and the Saint Louis County Jail built in 1924. The center is a notable work of the City Beautiful movement The complex is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
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Round Island Channel The Round Island Channel is a navigable Lake Huron waterway located between Mackinac Island and Round Island in the Straits of Mackinac. It forms a key link in the lake freighter route between Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, on which millions of tons of taconite iron ore are shipped annually. The channel also provides access to the harbor of Mackinac Island, Michigan, and is used by commercial ferryboats delivering passengers to the small island city.
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Minnesota Minnesota ( ; locally   ) is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States. Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858, created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory. The state has a large number of lakes, and is known by the slogan "Land of 10,000 Lakes". Its official motto is "L'Étoile du Nord" (French: "Star of the North").
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Downtown Duluth The Downtown of Duluth, Minnesota, United States; is situated between Mesaba Avenue (Highway 194) and 4th Avenue East; and located on Michigan, Superior, First, Second, and Third Streets.
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Canal Park, Duluth Canal Park is a tourist and recreation-oriented district of Duluth, Minnesota, United States. Situated across the Interstate 35 freeway from Downtown Duluth, it is connected by the famous Aerial Lift Bridge to the Park Point sandbar and neighborhood. Canal Park Drive and Lake Avenue South serve as the main routes in Canal Park.
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John J. Holland John Holland was a shipbuilder in Seattle, Washington in the late 19th century. Among the vessels built at his yard was the sternwheel steamboat "Fairhaven" in 1889., and, in 1890, the famous sternwheeler "Bailey Gatzert".
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Knife River (Lake Superior) The Knife River is a 23.9 mi river of northern Minnesota which drains a portion of Lake and Saint Louis counties into Lake Superior between Duluth and Two Harbors.
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Illinois Waterway Project Office The Illinois Waterway Project Office is a maintenance shop and project office for the Illinois Waterway, the system of rivers and canals through Illinois which connect the Mississippi River to Lake Michigan. The complex, which is also a national historic district, is located at 257 Grant Street in Peoria, Illinois, on the west bank of the Illinois River. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers established the office in 1913 to house and maintain its boats; it developed into its current role in the 1920s and 1930s. The maintenance buildings at the complex were mainly built during this later period of development; five of these buildings are considered contributing buildings to the historic district. The 1913 harbor and marine ways are also part of the historic district, as are three of the boats stationed in the harbor.
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Jay Cooke State Park Jay Cooke State Park is a state park of Minnesota, United States, protecting the lower reaches of the St. Louis River. The park is located about 10 mi southwest of Duluth and is one of the ten most visited state parks in Minnesota. The western half of the park contains part of a rocky, 13 mi gorge. This was a major barrier to Native Americans and early Europeans traveling by canoe, which they bypassed with the challenging Grand Portage of the St. Louis River. The river was a vital link connecting the Mississippi waterways to the west with the Great Lakes to the east.
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Agnar Bachen Agnar Bachen (1922–1996) was a Norwegian, later naturalized British ship captain. He is mainly notable for having taken the first major shipment of grain from the City of Duluth, Minnesota to Europe establishing Duluth as port city on America’s fourth seacoast one year before the opening of the St Lawrence Seaway in 1959.
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Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway The Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway (DM&IR) (reporting mark DMIR) is a railroad operating in northern Minnesota and Wisconsin that hauls iron ore and later taconite to the Great Lakes ports of Duluth and Two Harbors, Minnesota. Control of the railway was acquired on May 10, 2004, by the Canadian National Railway (CN) when it purchased the assets of Great Lakes Transportation.
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Danziger Bridge The Danziger Bridge is a vertical lift bridge named after a New Orleans lawyer and businessman, which carries seven vehicular lanes of U.S. Route 90 (Chef Menteur Highway) across the Industrial Canal in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was built to replace the old Danziger Bridge, a draw bridge constructed in 1931–1932. The current Danziger Bridge was constructed on the south side of the old bridge between 1983 and 1987, officially opening in February 1988, becoming the widest lift bridge in the world. Most marine traffic is accommodated in the down position.