The Venetian grosso is a silver coin first introduced in Venice under a doge that died in what year?
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Venetian grosso The Venetian grosso (plural Grossi) is a silver coin first introduced in Venice in 1193 under doge Enrico Dandolo. It originally weighed 2.18 grams, was composed of 98.5% pure silver, and was valued at 26 dinarii. Its name is from the same root as "groschen" and the English groat, all deriving ultimately from the "denaro grosso" ("large penny").
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Enrico Dandolo Enrico Dandolo (anglicised as Henry Dandolo and Latinized as Henricus Dandulus; 1107 – May 1205) was the 41st Doge of Venice from 1192 until his death. He is remembered for his blindness, piety, longevity, and shrewdness, and is infamous for his role in the Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople in which he, at age ninety and blind, led the Venetian contingent.
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Loredana Marcello Loredana Marcello (died 12 December 1572) was a Dogaressa of Venice by marriage to the Doge Alvise I Mocenigo (r. 1570-1577). She was an author of letters and poetry and studied botany, and was regarded as a model of an educated and cultivated renaissance woman in contemporary Venice.
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Niccolo Zoagli Nicolò Zoagli was a politician and statesman who became doge of the Republic of Genoa. He took office after his predecessor, Antoniotto di Montaldo, had to flee the city due to the conflict between the local nobility, in particular between the Mondaldo and Adorno families. Nicolò stayed in office until August 17 when he stepped down in favor of Antonio Guarco.
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History of the Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice (Venetian: "Repùblica Vèneta" ; Italian: "Repubblica di Venezia" ), traditionally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice (Venetian: "Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta" ;
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Giano II di Campofregoso Giano II di Campofregoso (1455–1525) was the 43rd Doge of Genoa, ruling from 29 June 1512 to 25 May 1513.
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List of Doges of Venice The following is a list of all 120 of the Doges of Venice ordered by the dates of their reigns which are put in parentheses.
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Pope Innocent XII Pope Innocent XII (Latin: "Innocentius XII" ; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was Pope from 12 July 1691 to his death in 1700.
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Pope Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII (Latin: "Urbanus VIII" ; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), reigned as pope from 6 August 1623 to his death in 1644. He expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts and a reformer of Church missions.
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Orio Mastropiero Orio Mastropiero was Doge of Venice from 1178 to 1192, when he abdicated and retired to a monastery.
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Contarini Contarini is one of the founding families of Venice and of which in total eight Doges to the Republic of Venice emerged, as well as 44 Procurators of San Marco, numerous ambassadors, diplomats and other notables. Among the ruling families of the republic, they held the most seats in the Great Council of Venice from the period before the Serrata del Maggior Consiglio when Councillors were elected annually to the end of the republic in 1797. The Contarini are of Roman origin through their patrilineal decendancy of the Aurelii Cottae, a branch of the Roman family Aurelia, and traditionally trace their lineage back to Gaius Aurelius Cotta, consul of the Roman Republic in 252 BC and 248 BC.
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Duce Duce (] , "leader") is an Italian title, derived from the Latin word "dux", and cognate with "duke". National Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini was identified by Fascists as "Il Duce" ("The Leader") of the movement. In 1925 it became a reference to the dictatorial position of "Sua Eccellenza Benito Mussolini, Capo del Governo, Duce del Fascismo e Fondatore dell'Impero" (""His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government, Leader of Fascism and Founder of the Empire""). Mussolini held this title together with that of President of the Council of Ministers: this was the constitutional position which entitled him to rule Italy on behalf of the King of Italy. "Founder of the Empire" was added for the exclusive use by Mussolini in recognition of his founding of an official legal entity of the Italian Empire on behalf of the King in 1936 following Italy's victory in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. The position was held by Mussolini until 1943, when he was removed from office by the King and the position of "Duce" was dismantled, while Marshal Pietro Badoglio was appointed Presidente del Consiglio.
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Antoine de Paule Fra' Antoine de Paule (c. 1551 – 1636) was elected as the 56th Grand Master of the Order of Malta on 10 March 1623 and he died in Malta on 9 June 1636. He died 85 years old after a long illness. His epitaph notes him as a leader who both was loved and loved his subjects. It is said that he made more resources available to the Order, and in that way strengthened it. He also made an effort out of fortifying the ramparts that the Order had set up for defense. However, he was not without his enemies; some of which presented a memorial to the pope Urban VIII describing de Paule as "a man of loose life and conversation", "guilty of simony", and as having "bought his dignity with money". Antoine de Paule sent a delegate to the Vatican, who dealt with these scrupulous rumors.
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John the Deacon (Venetian chronicler) John the Deacon (Italian: "Giovanni Diacono" or "Giovanni da Venezia"; 940–45 – died after 1018) was a Venetian deacon, secretary to the doge of Venice and a chronicler.
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Antonio Guarco Antonio Guarco was a politician and statesman who became doge of the Republic of Genoa. Antonio was the son of Nicolò, who had been doge from 1378 to 1383. Like his predecessors, he suffered from the conflicts between the great families of the nobility. Antoniotto Adorno finally managed to force Antonio out of office.
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Vitale Candiano Vitale Candiano (died 979) was the 24th doge of the Republic of Venice.
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Giorgio Adorno Giorgio Adorno was a politician and statesman who became doge of the Republic of Genoa. His father was Adornino Adorno and his mother Nicolosia della Rocca and his brother, Antoniotto, was elected four times as doge of the Republic. He was born c. 1350 but little is known about his youth except that he married Pietrina Montaldo, daughter of the doge Leonardo Montaldo. With her he had nine children including the future doge Raffaele Adorno.
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Ordelafo Faliero Ordelafo Faliero de Doni (or Dodoni) (d. Zara, 1117) was the 34th Doge of Venice.
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Girolamo Priuli (1486–1567) Girolamo Priuli (1486 in Venice – 4 November 1567 in Venice) was a Venetian noble, who served as the eighty-third Doge of Venice, from 1 September 1559 until his sudden death from a stroke in 1567.
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Domenico I Contarini Domenico Contarini (Birthdate unknown, died 1071 in Venice) was the 30th Doge of Venice. His reign lasted from his election following the death of Domenico Flabanico in 1043 until his own death in 1071. During his reign, the Venetians recaptured Zadar and parts of Dalmatia that had been lost to the Kingdom of Croatia in the previous few decades. The Venetian naval fleet was heavily built up during his reign, the economy thrived, and the Republic of Venice had reasserted its control over much of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Sigismund Streit Sigismund Streit (13 April 1687 – 20 December 1775) was a prominent German merchant and art patron of the 18th century in Venice. Born in Berlin, he came to Venice in 1709, where he accumulated substantial wealth. He died childless and bequeathed his collection to institutions in Germany, including the Berlinisches Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster in Berlin.
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Marino Morosini Marino Morosini (1181 in Venice – January 1, 1253 in Venice) was the 44th "doge" of Venice. He governed from 1249 to 1253.