Which member of the Ascomycota (sac fungi) taxon did Annie Gravatt study?
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Annie Gravatt Annie Gravatt (Annie Evelyn Rathbun) was an American forest pathologist. Her areas of research included plant physiology and white pine blister rust. She also studied Chestnut blight, the fungus that devastated American chestnut trees in the early 20th century. Along with her husband, George Gravatt, she founded the community of Scientists' Cliffs, Maryland.
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Chestnut blight The pathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly "Endothia parasitica") is a member of the Ascomycota (sac fungi) taxon, and is the main cause of chestnut blight—a devastating disease of the American chestnut tree that in the early 1900s caused a rapid, widespread die-off of this once plentiful tree from its historic range in the eastern United States.
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Alexander H. Smith Alexander Hanchett Smith (December 12, 1904 – December 12, 1986) was an American mycologist known for his extensive contributions to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the higher fungi, especially the agarics.
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Ambrosiella Ambrosiella is a genus of ambrosia fungi within the family Ceratocystidaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologists Josef Adolph von Arx and Grégoire L. Hennebert in 1965 with "Ambrosiella xylebori" as the type species. All "Ambrosiella" species are obligate symbionts of ambrosia beetles. Several former species were moved to "Raffaelea", "Hyalorhinocladiella", or "Phialophoropsis" and there are currently nine species. One species, "Ambrosiella cleistominuta", has been observed to produce a fertile sexual state with cleistothecious ascomata.
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Lecanoromycetes Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence.
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Microdochium Microdochium is a genus of ascomycete fungi, which contains several plant pathogens. The teleomorph is "Monographella". The genus was circumscribed by German mycologist Hans Sydow in 1924.
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Phylloporina Phylloporina is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown ("incertae sedis"), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family.
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Pseudeurotiaceae The Pseudeurotiaceae are a family of fungi in the division Ascomycota. This family can not yet be taxonomically classified in any of the ascomycetous classes and orders with any degree of certainty (incertae sedis).
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Cordyceps militaris Cordyceps militaris is a species of fungus in the family Clavicipitaceae, and the type species of the genus "Cordyceps". It was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as "Clavaria militaris".
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Metacapnodiaceae The Metacapnodiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes. The family contains the single genus Metacapnodium.
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Alloclavaria Alloclavaria is a clavarioid genus in the Hymenochaetales recently segregated from "Clavaria" by molecular analysis. Phylogenetically related fungi are in the agaricoid genera "Rickenella", "Contumyces", "Gyroflexus", "Loreleia", "Cantharellopsis" and "Blasiphalia", as well as the stipitate stereoid genera "Cotylidia" and "Muscinupta". The only species as yet placed in "Alloclavaria" is the type, formerly known as "Clavaria purpurea" under which name it is often cited or illustrated.. It is suspected, via circumstantial evidence, i.e. habitat, but not proven, that "Alloclavaria" is mycorrhizal.
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Piriformospora Piriformospora is a fungal genus of the order Sebacinales. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single endophytic root-colonising species Piriformospora indica, discovered from orchid plants in the Thar desert in Rajasthan, India by Prof. Ajit Verma and group, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. The fungus has typical pear-shaped chlamydospores, and thus, named as "P. indica ". Unlike mycorrhizal fungi, which cannot be cultured axenically, "P. indica" can be easily grown on various substrates. It has been found to promote plant growth during its mutualistic symbiotic relationship with a wide variety of plants. Experiments have shown that "P. indica" increases the resistance of colonized plants against fungal pathogens. It has also been found in experiments with barley that "P. indica"-inoculated plants are tolerant to salt stress and more resistant to root pathogens. "P. indica"-infested roots also show antioxidant capacity. The fungus also induces systemic disease resistance in plants. "P. indica" was found to require host cell death for proliferation during mutualistic symbiosis in barley. Its genome has been sequenced and was published in 2011.
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Aspergillus clavatus Aspergillus clavatus is a species of "Aspergillus" with conidia dimensions 3–4.5 x 2.5–4.5 μms. It is found in soil and animal manure. The fungus was first described scientifically in 1834 by the French mycologist John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières.
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Hirsutella Hirsutella is a genus of asexually reproducing fungi in the Ophiocordycipitaceae family. Originally described by French mycologist Narcisse Théophile Patouillard in 1892, this genus includes species that are pathogens of insects, mites and nematodes; there is interest in the use of these fungi as biological controls of insect and nematode pests. The teleomorphs of "Hirsutella" species belong to the genera "Ophiocordyceps" and "Torrubiella".
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Phaeomoniella chlamydospora Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is a fungus species of mitosporic ascomycota in the genus "Phaeomoniella".
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Protocalicium Protocalicium is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the class is unknown ("incertae sedis"), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Protocalicium jaczevskii.
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Talaromyces Talaromyces is a genus of fungi in the family Trichocomaceae. Described in 1955 by American mycologist Chester Ray Benjamin, species in the genus form soft, cottony fruit bodies (ascocarps) with cell walls made of tightly interwoven hyphae. The fruit bodies are often yellowish or are surrounded by yellowish granules. A 2008 estimate placed 42 species in the genus, but several new species have since been described.
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Coryneliales The Coryneliales are an order of ascomycetous fungi within the class Eurotiomycetes and within the subdivision Pezizomycotina. Species in this order are found almost exclusively in the tropics, primarily as a pathogen on the gymnosperm" Podocarpus", although it has been found on other plants like the Southern Hemisphere beech "Nothofagus", and "Drimys". The order was circumscribed by Fred Jay Seaver and Carlos E. Chardón in 1924.
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Black yeast “Black yeasts”, sometimes also black fungi, dematiaceous fungi, microcolonial fungi or meristematic fungi is a diverse group of slow-growing microfungi which reproduce mostly asexually (fungi imperfecti). Only few genera reproduce by budding cells, while in others hyphal or meristematic (isodiametric) reproduction is preponderant. Black yeasts share some distinctive characteristics, in particular melanisation of their cell wall. Morphological plasticity, incrustation of the cell wall with melanins and presence of other protective substances like carotenoids and mycosporines represent passive physiological adaptations which enable black fungi to be highly resistant against environmental stresses. The term "polyextremotolerance" has been introduced to describe this phenotype, a good example of which is the species "Aureobasidium pullulans". Presence of 1,8-dihydroxynaphtalene melanin in the cell wall confers to the microfungi their characteristic olivaceous to dark brown/black colour.
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Antennulariellaceae The Antennulariellaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes. The family was named by Nikolai Nikolaevich Woronichin in 1925 to contain the genus "Antennulariella" that he had described a decade earlier in 1915. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, and are found in warm temperate to tropical locations, where they grow as black sooty molds on plants.
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Hirticlavula Hirticlavula is a fungal genus in the family Clavariaceae. It contains a single described species, Hirticlavula elegans. Formally described in 2014, the fungus has been collected from Norway and Denmark. "H. elegans" produces white fruit bodies up to 1.1 mm in height. Each fruit body contains a fertile head atop a hairy stem. The fruit bodies grow directly from dead bark or wood, where they feed as saprotrophs. Both morphological and ecological details are distinctive when compared to other clavarioid fungi.
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Ayria (fungus) Ayria is a genus of fungi in the family Annulatascaceae of the Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown ("incertae sedis"), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any order.