What is the name of the Baltic tribe duke known as King Vester?
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Viestards Viestards (also "Viesthard, Vesthardus, Viesturs") was one of the greatest Semigallian dukes in the 13th century, referred to as King Vester (Old High German: "konic Vesters" ). His capital was Tērvete hillfort. During the first decades of the 13th century he was allied with the Livonian Brothers of the Sword against Lithuanians, who looted Semigallia on several occasions. In 1205, joint forces of semigallians and crusaders defeated Lithuanians and killed duke Žvelgaitis.
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Semigallians Semigallians (Latvian "Zemgaļi"; Lithuanian: "Žiemgaliai" , also Zemgalians, Semigalls, Semigalians) were the Baltic tribe that lived in the southcentral part of contemporary Latvia and northern Lithuania. They are noted for their long resistance (1219–1290) against the German crusaders and Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades.
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Vaiva Vaiva is a Lithuanian female given name of Baltic origin. It is a shortening of "vaivorykštė" (English rainbow). A rainbow was considered one of the manifestations of the Pagan destiny goddess Laima. Vaiva's father, according to Baltic mythology, is Perkūnas. The name was popularised by V.Krėvė-Mickevičius tale "Perkūnas, Vaiva ir Straublys" written in 1922.
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Vytautas Vytautas (c. 1350 – October 27, 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great (Lithuanian: "   ", Belarusian: "Вітаўт Кейстутавіч (Vitaŭt Kiejstutavič)" , Polish: "Witold Kiejstutowicz" , Rusyn: "Vitovt", Latin: "Alexander Vitoldus") from the 15th century onwards, was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which chiefly encompassed the Lithuanians and Ruthenians. He was also the Prince of Hrodna (1370–1382), Prince of Lutsk (1387~1389), and the postulated king of the Hussites.
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Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło Jogaila, or Władysław II Jagiełło (ca.1351/1361–1434), was a Grand Duke of Lithuania and from 1386 Queen Jadwiga's husband and "jure uxoris" King of Poland. In Lithuania, he held the title "Didysis Kunigaikštis", translated as Grand Duke or Grand Prince ("kunigaikštis" is a cognate of "König" and "king", and "didysis" magnifies it).
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Sigismund Sigismund (variants: Sigmund, ) is a German proper name, meaning "protection through victory", from Old High German "sigu" "victory" + "munt" "hand, protection". Tacitus Latinises it "Segimundus". There appears to be an older form of the High German word "Sieg" (victory): "sigis", obviously Gothic and an inferred Germanic form, and there is a younger form: "sigi", which is Old Saxon or Old High German "sigu" (both from about 9th century). A 5th century Prince of Burgundy was known both as "Sigismund" and "Sigimund" (see Ernst Förstemann, "Altdeutsche Personennamen", 1906; Henning Kaufmann, "Altdeutsche Personennamen", Ergänzungsband,1968).
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Narimantas Narimantas or Narymunt (baptized "Gleb", born in 1277 or just before 1300 (according to Wasilewski 1992) – 2 February 1348) was the second eldest son of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. During various periods of his life, he ruled Pinsk and Polatsk. In 1333 he was invited by Novgorod's nobles to rule and protect territories in the north, Ladoga, Oreshek and Korela. He started the tradition of Lithuanian mercenary service north of Novgorod on the Swedish border that lasted until Novgorod's fall to Moscow in 1477.
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Hrothgar Hrothgar (Old English: "Hrōðgār" ] ; ) was a legendary Danish king living in the early 6th century.
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H.H. Keyserling H.H. Keyserling (1866–1944), also known as Count Henry Hugo Keyserling or The Whaler, was part of the noble Baltic German Keyserlingk family dating back to the 12th century. (The Keyserlingk surname frequently appears as Keyserling and sometimes as Kejzerling.) His complete name was Heinrich Jeannot Otto Hugo Eugen von Keyserlingk.
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Margaret I of Denmark Margaret I (Danish: "Margrete Valdemarsdatter" , Norwegian: "Margrete Valdemarsdatter" , Swedish: "Margareta Valdemarsdotter" , Icelandic: "Margrét Valdimarsdóttir" ; 1353 – 28 October 1412), was queen consort of Norway 1363-1380 and Sweden 1363-1364, and later ruler in her own right of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, from which later period there are ambiguities regarding her specific titles. She was the founder of the Kalmar Union, which spanned Scandinavia for over a century. Margaret was known as a wise, energetic and capable leader, earning the nickname "Semiramis of the North", or "the Lady King". Though the latter was a derisive nickname invented by her rival Albert of Mecklenburg, it became widely used in recognition of her capabilities.
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Grand Duke of Finland Grand Duke of Finland or the Grand Prince of Finland (Finnish: "Suomen suuriruhtinas" , Swedish: "Storfurste av Finland" ), was from around 1580 to 1809 a title in use by most Swedish monarchs. Between 1809 and 1917, it was the official title of the head of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, who was the Emperor of Russia. The anachronistic female form of the title in English is usually "Grand Princess of Finland" (Swedish: "Storfurstinna av Finland" , Finnish: "Suomen suuriruhtinatar" ). The only women to have used the title were the Swedish Queens regnant Christina and Ulrika Eleonora. A few crown princes of Sweden also were called "Grand Prince of Finland".
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Sea-King A sea-king ("sækonungr") in the Norse sagas is a title given to a powerful Viking chieftain.
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Tiesenhausen Tiesenhausen is the name of a Baltic German nobility family. The origins of the family are in Lower Saxony. During the Baltic crusades they settled in Livonia in the first half of the 12th century. Bishops Albert of Riga and Herman of Tartu had a sister whose husband Engelbertus de Tisenhuse was the progenitor of the family in the Baltic. After some time in southern Livonia in the early stages of occupation, Engelbertus joined his brother-in-law bishop Herman to obtain the northern Livonian country of Ugaunia around Otepää and Tartu. It was Ugaunia where the family held its main early properties and positions. Engelbertus' son married a daughter of the castellan of Koknese in Latgale and through this marriage, the family claims descent from indigenous princes of the Latgalians. Some branches of Tisenhusen clan settled later to the Latvian Vidzeme holdings of Ergli and Berzaune. From the ancestral place of Ugaunia, sons of the family managed to obtain estates in other parts of Estonia, also so-called Danish Estonia and Osilia-Rotalia, both by services and by marriages. (Raplamaa was apparently a favorite place in northern Estonia for them to obtain estates.)
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History of Saxony The history of Saxony consists of what was originally a small tribe living on the North Sea between the Elbe and Eider River in the present Holstein. The name of this tribe, the Saxons (Latin: "Saxones"), was first mentioned by the Greek author Ptolemy. The name "Saxons" is derived from the Seax, a knife used by the tribe as a weapon.
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Vistula Veneti The term Vistula Veneti (or Baltic Veneti) has been used in modern times to distinguish the Veneti noted by Greek and Roman geographers along the Vistula and the Bay of Gdańsk from other tribes around them and other tribes of the same name elsewhere such as the Adriatic Veneti (about the same area of today's Veneto), the Veneti of Brittany, and the so-called Paphlagonian Veneti (of today's northern Turkey coast). They are one of the tribes that are suspected as the ancestors of some or all of today's Slavs.
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Bartians The Bartians (also "Barthi", "Barthoni", "Bartens", or "Barti") were an Old Prussian tribe who were among the last pagans of Europe before the Northern Crusades forced their conversion to Christianity. They lived in Bartia (also "Bartenland" or "Barthonia"), a territory that stretched from the middle and lower flow of Łyna river, by the Świna river, and Lake Mamry, up to the Galindian woods. The territory is quite precisely known from description in Chronicon terrae Prussiae, dated 1326.
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Gunther Gunther (Gundahar, Gundahari, Latin "Gundaharius", "Gundicharius", or "Guntharius", Old English "Gūðhere", Old Norse "Gunnarr", anglicised as "Gunnar", d. 437) was a historical King of Burgundy in the early 5th century. Legendary tales about him appear in Latin, medieval Middle High German, Old Norse, and Old English texts, especially concerning his relations with Siegfried (Sigurd in Old Norse) and his death by treachery in the hall of Attila the Hun.
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Vestmenn Vestmenn ("Westmen" in English) was the Old Norse word for the Gaels of Ireland and Britain, especially Ireland. Vestmannaeyjar in Iceland and Vestmanna in the Faroe Islands take their names from it. The Norse who settled in Ireland and Scotland, known now as the "Norse–Gaels", called themselves "Austmenn" "Eastmen", i.e. people who had come from the East (Scandinavia).
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Tautvilas Tautvilas (or Tautvila; died 1263) was Duke of Polatsk and one of the sons of Dausprungas and nephews of King of Lithuania Mindaugas. Tautvilas together with his brother Edivydas and uncle Vykintas waged a civil war against Mindaugas. The war resulted in coronation of Mindaugas.
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Stanisław Leszczyński Stanisław I Leszczyński (] ; also Anglicized and Latinized as Stanislaus I, Lithuanian: "Stanislovas Leščinskis" , French: "Stanislas Leszczynski" ; 20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766) was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Duke of Lorraine and a count of the Holy Roman Empire.
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House of Griffins The House of Griffins or House of Pomerania (German: "Greifen" ; Polish: "Gryfici" ), also known as "House of Greifen", was a dynasty of dukes ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637. The name "Griffins" was used by the dynasty after the 15th century and had been taken from the ducal coat of arms. Wartislaw I (around 1091 – died August 9, 1135) was the first historical ruler of the Duchy of Pomerania and the founder of the Griffin dynasty. The most prominent Griffin was Eric of Pomerania, who became king of the Kalmar Union in 1397, thus ruling Denmark, Sweden and Norway. The last Griffin duke of Pomerania was Bogislaw XIV, who died during the Thirty Years' War, which led to the division of Pomerania between Brandenburg-Prussia and Sweden. Duchess Anna von Croy, daughter of Duke Bogislaw XIII and the last Griffin, died in 1660.
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Frederick I of Prussia Frederick I (German: "Friedrich I" ) (11 July 1657 – 25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (1688–1713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia). The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia (1701–1713). From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel (German: "Fürstentum Neuenburg" ). He was also the paternal grandfather of Frederick the Great.