During the last five years of the annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland, German Nazi politician and SS-Sturmbannführer (Major) also held this office in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia.
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Emil Beier Karl Emil Oskar Beier (* 29 November 1893, Setzdorf; † 12 May 1985, Fulda) was a German Nazi politician and SS-Sturmbannführer (Major) during the German occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945). From 1940 to 1945, he was the mayor of Ostrava, Czechoslovakia.
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German occupation of Czechoslovakia The German occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945) began with the German annexation of Czechoslovakia's northern and western border regions, formerly being part of German-Austria known collectively as the Sudetenland, under terms outlined by the Munich Agreement. German leader Adolf Hitler's pretext for this action was the alleged privations suffered by the ethnic German population living in those regions. New and extensive Czechoslovak border fortifications were also located in the same area.
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Gustav Wagner Gustav Franz Wagner (18 July 1911 – 3 October 1980) was an Austrian member of the "SS" with the rank of Staff sergeant ("Oberscharführer"). Wagner was a starter deputy commander of the Sobibór extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where more than 200,000 Jews were gassed during Operation Reinhard. Due to his brutality, he was known as "The Beast" and "Wolf".
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Emanuel Moravec Emanuel Moravec (17 April 1893 in Prague – 5 May 1945 in Prague) was a pre-war Czechoslovak army colonel who became a Nazi collaborator during World War II.
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Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968 Ceaușescu's speech of 21 August 1968 was a public address by Nicolae Ceaușescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party and President of the State Council, strongly condemning the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. On the night of 20–21 August 1968, five Warsaw Pact nations - the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, and Poland - invaded Czechoslovakia in an effort to quell the reformist ideology of Alexander Dubček, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
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Hans-Adolf von Moltke Hans-Adolf Helmuth Ludwig Erdmann Waldemar von Moltke (November 29, 1884 in Oppeln - March 22, 1943 in Madrid) was land owner in Silesia and German Ambassador in Poland during the Weimar Republic and under Hitler up to the fall of Poland.
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Sepp Janko Dr Josef "Sepp" Janko (9 November 1905, Ernsthausen (Hungarian: "Ernesztháza, Ernőháza" , Serbian: (now) "Банатски Деспотовац, Banatski Despotovac" ), the Bánát "(Банат, Bánság)" (present-day Central Banat, Vojvodina), Kingdom of Serbia, Austria-Hungary 25 September 2001, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was Volksgruppenführer ("Group Leader") of the Danube Swabian German Cultural Association ("Schwäbisch-Deutschen Kulturbundes") in Yugoslavia in 1939, and later was appointed SS Obersturmführer during World War II.
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Reichsgau Sudetenland The Reichsgau Sudetenland was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945. It comprised the northern part of the "Sudetenland" territory, which was annexed from Czechoslovakia according to the 1938 Munich Agreement. The "Reichsgau" was headed by the Sudeten German activist Konrad Henlein in the rank of a "Reichsstatthalter". The administrative capital was Reichenberg (Liberec).
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Ministry of Defence (Czech Republic) Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic (Czech: "Ministerstvo obrany České republiky" , MO ČR) is the primary agency of the Czech Republic responsible for the planning and carrying-out of defense policy. It is the direct successor of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence. Its current headquarters is located in Prague. The current minister is Martin Stropnický.
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Lesson of Munich In international relations, the Lesson of Munich refers to the appeasement of Adolf Hitler at the Munich Conference in September 1938. In order to avoid war, France and Britain permitted the German annexation of the Sudetenland. The policy of appeasement underestimated Hitler’s ambitions and believed sufficient concessions would secure a lasting peace. Today, it is widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany, and a huge diplomatic triumph for Hitler. The agreement facilitated the German takeover of Czechoslovakia, and caused Hitler to believe the Western allies would not risk war over Poland the following year.
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Ortsgruppenleiter Ortsgruppenleiter (Local Group Leader) was a Nazi Party political rank and title which existed between 1930 and 1945. The term first came into being during the German elections of 1930, and was held by the head Nazi of a town or city, or in larger cities, of a neighbourhood, for the purposes of election district organization. After 1933, through the process of "Gleichschaltung", the position of "Ortsgruppenleiter" evolved into the Nazi leader of a large town or city or of a city district.
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Alfréd Meissner Alfréd Meissner (April 10, 1871 – September 29, 1950), was a Czechoslovak politician and member of the Social Democratic Party in the First Czechoslovak Republic. He was elected to the National Assembly and served twice as Minister of Justice and twice as Minister of Social Welfare of the republic. Following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia during the Second World War, he was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. He survived the Holocaust, and after the war he returned to Prague where he died at the age of 79.
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Přívoz Přívoz (German: "Prziwos" , briefly till 1920 and 1939-1945 also "Oderfurt") is a part of the city of Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic. It lies in the Moravian part of the city, in the administrative district of Moravská Ostrava a Přívoz.
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Lidice Lidice (German: "Liditz" ) is a village in the Kladno District of the Czech Republic, 22 km northwest of Prague. It is built near the site of the previous village of the same name, which was completely destroyed (see Lidice massacre) in June 1942 on orders from Adolf Hitler and Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler in reprisal for the assassination of Reich Protector Reinhard Heydrich.
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Reichstag (Nazi Germany) The Reichstag ("diet of the realm"), officially the Großdeutscher Reichstag ("Greater German "Reichstag"") after 1938, was the pseudo-Parliament of the Third Reich from 1933 to 1945. Following the Nazi seizure of power and the passing of the Enabling Act of 1933, it met only as a rubber stamp for the actions of Adolf Hitler's dictatorship—always by unanimous consent—and to listen to Hitler's speeches. In this purely ceremonial role, the Reichstag convened only 20 times, the last on 26 April 1942. The President of the Reichstag (German: "Reichstagspräsident" ) throughout this period was Hermann Göring.
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South German Offensive The South German Offensive is the general name of one of the final offensives of World War II in Europe. The offensive was led by the Seventh and Third armies of the United States along with the First Army of France. Soviet troops linked up with American forces in Czechoslovakia notably in the Battle of Slivice. The offensive was made by the US 6th Army Group to protect the US 12th Army Group's right flank and to prevent a German last stand in the Alps. However German resistance was much more fierce than in the north, which slowed the 6th Army Group's progress. However, by the end of April, many German divisions surrendered without a fight to the advancing American forces to avoid the inevitable destruction. The VI Corps of the Seventh Army linked up with the US Fifth Army, which fought through Italy, in the Alps as the Third Army advanced into Austria and Czechoslovakia, where it linked up with Soviet forces advancing from the east. Fighting continued a few days after the Surrender of Germany on 8 May, due to German forces fighting west to surrender to the Americans instead of the Soviets.
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Stasi The Ministry for State Security (German: "Ministerium für Staatssicherheit" , MfS) or State Security Service ("Staatssicherheitsdienst", SSD), commonly known as the Stasi (] ), was the official state security service of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). It has been described as one of the most effective and repressive intelligence and secret police agencies to have ever existed. The Stasi was headquartered in East Berlin, with an extensive complex in Berlin-Lichtenberg and several smaller facilities throughout the city. The Stasi motto was ""Schild und Schwert der Partei"" (Shield and Sword of the Party), referring to the ruling Socialist Unity Party of Germany (German: "Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands", SED). Erich Mielke was its longest-serving chief, in power for thirty-two of the GDR's forty years of existence.
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1945 Bombing of Prague The Bombing of Prague occurred towards the end of World War II on February 14, 1945, when the US Army Air Forces carried out an air raid over Prague. The city was the capital of Czechoslovakia and (since the Nazi occupation in 1939) the main city of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. According to American pilots, it was the result of a navigation mistake: at the same time, a massive bombing of Dresden was under way, 120 km north-west from Prague.
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Deputy Führer Deputy Führer (German: "Stellvertreter des Führers", more faithfully translated as "Deputy "of the" Führer") was the title for the deputy head of the Nazi Party. The only person to ever hold this title was Rudolf Hess.
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German-occupied Europe German–occupied Europe or Nazi Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945 and administered by the Nazi regime.
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The Holocaust in Lithuania The Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Lithuania resulted in the near total destruction of Lithuanian Jews (Litvaks), living in "Generalbezirk Litauen" of Reichskommissariat Ostland within the Nazi-controlled Lithuanian SSR. Out of approximately 208,000-210,000 Jews, an estimated 190,000–195,000 were murdered before the end of World War II (wider estimates are sometimes published), most between June and December 1941. More than 95% of Lithuania's Jewish population was massacred over the three-year German occupation — a more complete destruction than befell any other country affected by the Holocaust. Historians attribute this to the massive collaboration in the genocide by the non-Jewish local paramilitaries, though the reasons for this collaboration are still debated. The Holocaust resulted in the largest-ever loss of life in so short a period of time in the history of Lithuania.
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Reichsgau Niederdonau The Reichsgau Niederdonau (English: "Gau Lower Danube") was an administrative division of Nazi Germany consisting of areas in Lower Austria, Burgenland, southeastern parts of Bohemia and southern parts of Moravia. It existed between 1938 and 1945.