When was the astronomer whose classification of close encounters with aliens was used to derive the title to "The Fourth Kind" born?
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The Fourth Kind The Fourth Kind is a 2009 American science fiction horror film directed by Olatunde Osunsanmi and featuring a cast of Milla Jovovich, Elias Koteas, Corey Johnson, Will Patton, Charlotte Milchard, Mia Mckenna-Bruce, Yulian Vergov, and Olatunde Osunsanmi. The title is derived from the expansion of J. Allen Hynek's classification of close encounters with aliens, in which the fourth kind denotes alien abductions.
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J. Allen Hynek Dr. Josef Allen Hynek (May 1, 1910 – April 27, 1986) was an American astronomer, professor, and ufologist. He is perhaps best remembered for his UFO research. Hynek acted as scientific advisor to UFO studies undertaken by the U.S. Air Force under three consecutive projects: Project Sign (1947–1949), Project Grudge (1949–1952), and Project Blue Book (1952–1969).
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Richard Kowalski Richard A. Kowalski (born 1963) is an American astronomer who has discovered numerous asteroids and comets, among them, many near-Earth objects.
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C. Michelle Olmstead C. Michelle Olmstead (born 1969) is an American astronomer and computer scientist.
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William Hammond Wright William Hammond Wright (November 4, 1871 – May 16, 1959) was an American astronomer and the director of the Lick Observatory from 1935 until 1942.
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Robert Burnham Jr. Robert Burnham Jr. (June 16, 1931 – March 20, 1993) was an American astronomer, best known for writing the classic three-volume "Burnham's Celestial Handbook". He is the discoverer of numerous asteroids including the asteroid/minor planet 3397 Leyla, as well as six comets.
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Gerald Neugebauer Gerald "Gerry" Neugebauer (3 September 1932 – 26 September 2014) was an American astronomer known for his pioneering work in infrared astronomy.
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Frank Shu Frank H. Shu (; born June2, 1943), is an American astrophysicist, astronomer and author. He is currently professor of astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Diego and the university president of the National Tsing Hua University.
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Philip Childs Keenan Philip Childs Keenan (March 31, 1908 – April 20, 2000) was an American astronomer.
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Benjamin Zuckerman Benjamin Michael Zuckerman (born August 16, 1943) is an astrophysicist and an emeritus professor in the Department of Physics & Astronomy at UCLA. His recent work focus primarily on formation and evolution of planetary systems around various types of stars.
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Christian T. Elvey Christian Thomas Elvey (April 1, 1899 – March 1, 1970) was an American astronomer and geophysicist.
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Jason John Nassau Jason John Nassau (1893–1965) was an American astronomer.
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Sergei Alexandrovich Zhevakin Sergei Alexandrovich Zhevakin (Russian: Серге́й Александрович Жевакин ) (April 11, 1916 – February 21, 2001) was a Russian astronomer.
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Stephen Wolfram Stephen Wolfram (born 29 August 1959) is a British-American computer scientist, physicist, and businessman. He is known for his work in computer science, mathematics, and in theoretical physics. He is the author of the book "A New Kind of Science." In 2012 he was named an inaugural fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
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Scott Jay Kenyon Scott Jay Kenyon (born 1956) is an American astrophysicist. His work has included advances in symbiotic and other types of interacting binary stars, the formation and evolution of stars, and the formation of planetary systems.
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Ed Krupp Edwin Charles Krupp (born November 18, 1944) is an American astronomer, researcher, author, and popularizer of science. He is also known as Ed or E.C. He is an internationally recognized expert in the field of archaeoastronomy, the study of how ancient cultures viewed the sky and how those views affected their cultures. He has taught at the college level, as a planetarium lecturer, and in various documentary films. He has been the director of the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles since first taking over the position in 1974 after the departure of the previous director, William J. Kaufmann III. His writings include science papers and journal articles, astronomy magazine articles, books on astronomy and archaeoastronomy for adults, and books explaining sky phenomena and astronomy to children.
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Alan Boss Alan P. Boss (born 20 July 1951, in Lakewood, Ohio) is a United States astrophysicist and planetary scientist.
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Henry Crew Henry Crew (June 4, 1859 – February 17, 1953) was an American physicist and astronomer.
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Paul W. Hodge Paul W. Hodge (born 1934) is an American astronomer whose principal area of research is the stellar populations of galaxies.
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Alain Maury Alain J. Maury (born 1958) is a French astronomer.
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Allan Sandage Allan Rex Sandage (June 18, 1926 – November 13, 2010) was an American astronomer. He was Staff Member Emeritus with the Carnegie Observatories in Pasadena, California. He determined the first reasonably accurate values for the Hubble constant and the age of the universe. He also discovered the first quasar.
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Tom Bolton (astronomer) Charles Thomas Bolton (born 1943) is an American astronomer who was one of the first astronomers to present strong evidence of the existence of a stellar-mass black hole.