Yeelen (Bambara for "brightness"/"light") is a 1987 Malian film directed by Souleymane Cissé, though the era is undefined, it is presumably set in the 13th century in which empire in West Africa, from 1230 to 1670?
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Yeelen Yeelen (Bambara for "brightness"/"light") is a 1987 Malian film directed by Souleymane Cissé. It is filmed in the Bambara and Fula languages, and is based on a legend told by the Bambara people. Though the era is undefined, it is presumably set in the 13th century in the Mali Empire and is a heroic quest narrative featuring magic and precognition.
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Mali Empire The Mali Empire (Manding: "Nyeni" or "Niani"; also historically referred to as the Manden Kurufaba, sometimes shortened to Manden) was an empire in West Africa from 1230 to 1670. The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Musa Keita. The Manding languages were spoken in the empire. It was the largest empire in West Africa and profoundly influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of its language, laws and customs. Much of the recorded information about the Mali Empire comes from 14th century North African Arab historian Ibn Khaldun, 14th century Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta and 16th century Moroccan traveller Leo Africanus. The other major source of information is Mandinka oral tradition, through storytellers known as griots.
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Hlubi people The Hlubi (or amaHlubi) are a South African ethnic group who originate from the Samburu people of Kenya and the Shubi, an ethnic and linguistic group based in Kagera Region, Tanzania. For at least two centuries they have been a part of the Nguni, Mbo or Lala nation. They are found in Mozambique, Swaziland and the Republic of South Africa in the KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape and North West provinces.They were traditionally hunters and warriors but now are predominantly agriculturalists.The amaHlubi are the oldest in origin and are a much older tribe than either the amaZulu or amaXhosa. There is a lot of literature about the AmaHlubi, but very little is known or documented about this tribe. Most of the literature refers mostly to the time of King Langalibalele, and therefore offers very little on the roots of the amaHlubi nation. The amaHlubi were once a mighty tribe originated from what today is known as the Congo as part of the downward migration of the eMbo group/nation or amaLala from central Africa. After settling briefly along the Lubombo mountains, a range extending from the North of present day Zululand northwards along the Swaziland-Mozambique border, they went South and settled in what today is known as Natal as far back as the 13th century, leaving behind a section of their group which later became the amaSwazi nation.
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Kingdom of Bamum The Kingdom of Bamum (also spelled Bamoum, Bamun, Bamoun, or Mum) (1394–1884) was a pre-colonial West African state in what is now northwest Cameroon. It was founded by the Mbum, a Bantu ethnic group from northeast Cameroon. Its capital was the ancient walled city of Fumban.
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Kwele people The Kwele people are a tribal group of eastern Gabon, Republic of the Congo, and Cameroons in West Africa. They fled the coastal area of West Africa during the 19th century, after their traditional enemies acquired firearms from the slave traders. This altercation is often called the "Poupou" war. The Kwele then settled into lands between the Dja and Ivindo rivers. The Kwele are noted for their ceremonial masks which are collected as art objects.
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Barbary slave trade The Barbary slave trade refers to the slave markets that flourished on the Barbary Coast of North Africa, which included the Ottoman provinces of Algeria, Tunisia and Tripolitania and the independent sultanate of Morocco, between the 16th and middle of the 18th century. The Ottoman provinces in North Africa were nominally under Ottoman suzerainty, but in reality they were mostly autonomous. The North African slave markets were part of the Arab slave trade.
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Ennarea Ennarea (Alternative: "Enarea", "E(n)narya", "Innarya") was a kingdom in what is now the Jimma Zone in Ethiopia. It was recorded to be the most powerful Gonga kingdom until its decline in the 17th century, at all it lasted from at least the 13th century until c. 1710 . It was surrounded by Damot and later the Ethiopian Empire in the north and north east, Janjero in the east, Bosha in the southeast, Kaffa in the south, Sheka in the southwest and the Anfillo kingdom in the west.
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Kaya Magan Cissé Kaya Magan Cissé or Kaya Maghan (c. 350) was a Soninke king of Wagadou (Ouagadou). He was the founder of the Cissé Tounkara dynasty which later dominated the Ghana Empire from the 8th century CE.
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Gbaya people The Gbaya, also Gbeya or Baya, are a people of western region of Central African Republic, east-central Cameroon, the north of the Republic of Congo, and the northwest of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Numbering about 970,000 by the late 1800s, they originated in northern Nigeria. The Gbaya were known for their strong resistance to the French and slavery, and revolted against them or three years starting in 1928 when they were conscripted to work on the Congo-Ocean railway.
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Yoruba language Yoruba ( ; "èdè Yorùbá ") is a language spoken in West Africa.
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Fula people The Fula people or Fulani or Fulɓe (Fula: "Fulɓe" ; French: "Peul" ; Hausa: "Fulani or Hilani" ; Portuguese: "Fula" ; Wolof: "Pël" ; Bambara: "Fulaw" ), numbering between 20 and 25 million people in total, are one of the largest ethnic groups in the Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. The Fula people are traditionally believed to have roots in peoples from North Africa and the Middle East, who later intermingled with local West African ethnic groups. As an ethnic group, they are bound together by the Fula language and their Islamic religious affiliation, their history and their culture.
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Damel Damel was the title of the ruler (or king) of the Wolof kingdom of Cayor in what is now northwest Senegal, West Africa.
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Maghan I Maghan I was a mansa of the Mali Empire, following his father Kankan Musa I's death in 1337. Aside from legendary founder Sundiata, Kankan Musa I is generally regarded as the most successful of the Malian emperors, and Maghan inherited the empire at the height of its glory. He reigned for only four years before being succeeded by his uncle Suleyman in 1341.
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History of Mauritania (1978–91) This article is about the history of Mauritania from 1978 to 1991. Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is an Arab Maghreb country in West Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the ancient Berber Kingdom of Mauretania, which later became a province of the Roman Empire, even though the modern Mauritania covers a territory far to the south of the old Berber kingdom that had no relation with it.
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Kanuri language Kanuri is a dialect continuum spoken by some four million people, as of 1987, in Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon, as well as small minorities in southern Libya and by a diaspora in Sudan. It belongs to the Western Saharan subphylum of Nilo-Saharan. Kanuri is the language associated with the Kanem and Bornu empires which dominated the Lake Chad region for a thousand years.
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Bambara people The Bambara (Bambara: "Bamana "or" Banmana" ) are a Mandé people living in Africa, primarily in Mali but also in Guinea, Burkina Faso and Senegal. They are considered to be amongst the largest Mandé ethnic groups, and are the dominant Mandé group in Mali, with 80% of the population speaking the Bambara language, regardless of ethnicity.
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Middle East The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt in North Africa. The corresponding adjective is "Middle-Eastern" and the derived noun is "Middle-Easterner". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to the Far East) beginning in the early 20th century.
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Benin Benin ( or - ; ; French: "Bénin" ] ), officially the Republic of Benin (French: "République du Bénin" ) and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. The majority of its population lives on the small southern coastline of the Bight of Benin, part of the Gulf of Guinea in the northernmost tropical portion of the Atlantic Ocean. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is in Cotonou, the country's largest city and economic capital. Benin covers an area of 114,763 square kilometers and its population in was estimated to be approximately /1e6 round 2 million. Benin is a tropical nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming.
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Musa I of Mali Musa Keita I (c. 1280 c. 1337 ) was the tenth "Mansa", which translates as "sultan" (king), "conqueror", or emperor of the wealthy West African Mali Empire. At the time of Musa's rise to the throne, the Malian Empire consisted of territory formerly belonging to the Ghana Empire in present-day southern Mauritania and in Melle (Mali) and the immediate surrounding areas. Musa held many titles, including "Emir of Melle", "Lord of the Mines of Wangara", "Conqueror of Ghanata", and at least a dozen others. It is said that Mansa Musa had conquered 24 cities, each with surrounding districts containing villages and estates, during his reign. During his reign Mali may have been the largest producer of gold in the world at a point of exceptional demand. One of the richest people in history, he is known to have been enormously wealthy; reported as being inconceivably rich by contemporaries, "There’s really no way to put an accurate number on his wealth" (Davidson 2015).
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The Wind (1982 film) The Wind (Bambara: "Finye" ) is a 1982 Malian drama film directed by Souleymane Cissé. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival.
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Mandingo people of Sierra Leone The Mandinka people of Sierra Leone (commonly referred to as the Mandingo, Mandinka or Malinke) are a major ethnic group in Sierra Leone and a branch of the Mandinka people of West Africa, with whom they share the same culture, religion, tradition and language. Most Sierra Leonean Mandingo are the direct descendants of Mandinka warriors from Guinea, who conquered large territories in areas of the North and East of Sierra Leone in the 1870s under the leadership of Samori Ture. They were followed by thousands of Mandingo settlers from Guinea in the late 19th and early-to-mid-20th century.
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Tarikh al-fattash The Tarikh al-fattash is a West African chronicle written in Arabic in the second half of the 17th century. It provides an account of the Songhay Empire from the reign of Sonni Ali (ruled 1464-1492) up to 1599 with a few references to events in the following century. The chronicle also mentions the earlier Mali Empire. The French scholars Octave Houdas and Maurice Delafosse published a critical edition in 1913. It has been argued that this edition conflates the text from an early incomplete manuscript with that of a re-written forgery produced early in the 19th century. The "Tarikh" was originally believed to have been written by Mahmud Kati but this has been questioned and Ibn al-Mukhtar, a grandson of Mahmud Kati, is now believed to have been the author.