What was the middle name of the man who headed the Rhodesian Front?
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History of Rhodesia (1965–79) The history of Rhodesia from 1965 to 1979 covers Rhodesia's time as a state unrecognised by the international community following the predominantly white minority government's Unilateral Declaration of Independence on 11 November 1965. Headed by Prime Minister Ian Smith, the Rhodesian Front remained in government until 1 June 1979, when the country was reconstituted as Zimbabwe Rhodesia.
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Ian Smith Ian Douglas Smith, GCLM, ID (8 April 1919 – 20 November 2007) was a politician, farmer, and fighter pilot who served as Prime Minister of Rhodesia (or Southern Rhodesia) from 1964-1979. The country's first premier not born abroad, he led the predominantly white government that unilaterally declared independence from the United Kingdom in 1965, following prolonged dispute over the terms. He remained Prime Minister for almost all of the fourteen years of international isolation that followed, and oversaw Rhodesia's security forces during most of the Bush War, which pitted the unrecognised administration against communist-backed black nationalist guerrilla groups. Smith, who has been described as personifying white Rhodesia, remains a highly controversial figure—supporters venerate him as a man of integrity and vision "who understood the uncomfortable truths of Africa", while critics describe an unrepentant racist whose policies and actions caused the deaths of thousands and contributed to Zimbabwe's later crises.
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Kenneth Loch Lieutenant General Sir Kenneth Morley Loch, KCIE, KBE, CB, MC, (18 September 1890 – 9 January 1961) was a Scottish soldier in the British Army and defence planner.
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John Ralph Beaumont John Ralph Beaumont DL, JP (22 April 1927 – November 1992) was a Rhodesian politician. He was the son of Ralph Edward Blackett Beaumont, son of Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Viscount Allendale, and his wife Helena Mary Christine Wray, daughter of Cecil Wray.
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Southern Rhodesian general election, 1934 The Southern Rhodesia general election of 7 November 1934 was the fourth election since the colony of Southern Rhodesia was granted self-government. The election was called only a year after the previous election when the Prime Minister, Godfrey Huggins, formed the United Party as a merger of the conservative section of his Reform Party and the former governing Rhodesia Party. Huggins succeeded in winning a landslide, defeating all but one of his Reform Party opponents.
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Zimbabwe United People's Organisation Zimbabwe United People's Organisation (ZUPO) was a political party in Zimbabwe, formed on 29 December 1976, shortly after the Geneva Conference. ZUPO was led by Chief Jeremiah Chirau, (President) and Chief Kayisa Ndiweni (Vice-President). Both chiefs had served as Cabinet Ministers in the Rhodesian Front government. ZUPO was involved in the negotiation of the Internal Settlement Agreement, and Chief Chirau served as the Chairman of the Executive Council of the Transitional Government.
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Pierre van Ryneveld General Sir Hesperus Andrias van Ryneveld {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (2 May 1891 – 2 December 1972), known as Pierre van Ryneveld, was a South African military commander. He was the founding commander of the South African Air Force (SAAF).
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Lance Smith (politician) Lancelot Bales Smith GLM ID (17 January 1910 – ?), better known as Lance Smith or L. B. Smith, was an English-born Rhodesian farmer and politician. Elected to Parliament in the 1950s, he was a founding member of Rhodesian Front in 1962. He was Minister without Portfolio to Prime Minister Ian Smith at the time of Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965. In 1968, after serving as Deputy Minister of Agriculture, he was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs, a position he held until 1974, when he exited politics.
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Rhodesian general election, 1965 General elections were held in Rhodesia on 7 May 1965. The results was a victory for the ruling Rhodesian Front, which won 50 of the 65 seats. Later in the year, the government made a unilateral declaration of independence (UDI).
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Daniel Lisulo Daniel Muchiwa Lisulo (6 December 1930 – 21 August 2000) was the 3rd Prime Minister of Zambia from June 1978 until February 1981.
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John Wrathall John James Wrathall GCLM, ID (28 August 1913 – 31 August 1978) was a Rhodesian politician. He was the last white President of Rhodesia (later holders of the post were only acting as such). He formerly worked as a chartered accountant.
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Rhodesia Labour Party The Rhodesia Labour Party was a political party which existed in Southern Rhodesia from 1923 until the 1950s. Originally formed on the model of the British Labour Party from trade unions and being especially dominated by railway workers, it formed the main opposition party from 1934 to 1946. The party suffered a catastrophic split during the Second World War and lost all its seats, and a further split over the attitude to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland ended its involvement in Rhodesian politics.
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Oswald Mosley Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley, 6th Baronet of Ancoats ( ; 16 November 1896 – 3 December 1980) was a British politician who rose to fame in the 1920s as a Member of Parliament and later in the 1930s became leader of the British Union of Fascists (BUF).
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Rhodesian Front The Rhodesian Front (Afrikaans: "Rhodesiese Front" , RF) was a right-wing political party in Rhodesia (or Southern Rhodesia) when the country was under white minority rule. Led first by Winston Field, and, from 1964, by Ian Smith, the Rhodesian Front was the successor to the Dominion Party, which was the main opposition party in Southern Rhodesia during the Federation period. The RF was formed in March 1962 by whites opposed to any immediate change to black majority rule. It won power in the general election that December. In successive elections (in which 50 of the 66 parliamentary seats were reserved for A-Roll voters, who had to meet a higher standard of qualifications, increasing the proportion of white Africans who came under this roll) between 1964 and 1979, the RF was returned to office, with a large majority, with Smith as Prime Minister.
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Ernest Lucas Guest Sir Ernest Lucas Guest {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'KBE, CMG, CVO, LLD', '4': "} (20 August 1882 – 20 September 1972) was a Rhodesian politician, lawyer and soldier. He held senior ministerial positions in the government, most notably as Minister for Air during the Second World War.
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General Service Medal (Rhodesia) The General Service Medal or Rhodesian General Service Medal was the most widely awarded military medal of Rhodesia. It was awarded to members of the security forces and British South Africa Police for service on operations undertaken for the purpose of combating terrorists or enemy incursions into Rhodesia.
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Ronald Reid-Daly Lieutenant Colonel Ronald "Ron" Francis Reid-Daly (September 22, 1928 – August 9, 2010) founded and commanded the elite Selous Scouts special forces unit that fought during the Rhodesian Bush War.
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Zimbabwe African National Union The Zimbabwe African National Union was a militant organization that fought against the white minority government in Rhodesia, formed as a split from the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU). ZANU won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and seven years later merged with Joshua Nkomo's ZAPU to form ZANU-PF.
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Government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia The government of Zimbabwe Rhodesia took office on 1 June 1979 under the terms of the Internal Settlement negotiated between the government of Rhodesia and moderate African nationalists. It ruled the internationally unrecognized country until, under the terms of the Lancaster House Agreement, control was turned over to Lord Soames as Governor of Southern Rhodesia on 12 December 1979.
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James Grigg Sir Percy James Grigg, KCB, KCSI, PC (16 December 1890 – 5 May 1964), better known as Sir James Grigg, was a British civil servant who was unexpectedly moved - at the behest of his patron Winston Churchill - from being the Permanent Under-Secretary of State at the War Office to become Secretary of State for War, the political head of the same department during the Second World War.
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Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe The Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe (FROLIZI) was an African nationalist organisation established in opposition to the white minority government of Rhodesia. It was announced in Lusaka, Zambia in October 1971 as a merger of the two principal African nationalist factions in Rhodesia, the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU). However, it was in fact a breakaway faction of both ZAPU and ZANU, established by members of both groups who had become disaffected due to their rival organisations' incessant internal and external disputes. Its domination by members of the Zezuru, a subgroup of the Shona people, led to accusations that it was merely a tribal grouping and ridicule as the "Front for the Liaison of Zezuru Intellectuals".
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Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian-born Soviet revolutionary and political leader. Governing the Soviet Union as its dictator from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, he served as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and as Premier of the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1953. Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist, Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism–Leninism while his own policies became known as Stalinism.