The leader of the Crimean Karaites followed Şahin Giray to what protectress who was the country's longest-ruling female leader and arguably its most renowned?
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Benjamin Aga Benjamin Aga (Karaim: Беньямин Агъа), who died in 1824, was the leader of the Crimean Karaites. He was the royal treasurer of Şahin Giray, the last Crimean Khan, and therefore is called in Karaite literature "ha-Neeman" ("the Trusted")—an appellation bestowed also upon his father Samuel, who died in 1770, and who probably held the same office under former khans. When Şahin Giray fled for his life from his rebellious subjects, and sought succor from his protectress Catherine II in St. Petersburg, Benjamin Aga followed him, hoping to collect the large sums of money that he had advanced to the fugitive. Following the last partition of Poland in 1795, after Crimea had been under Russian rule for over a decade, Vilnius, Lutsk and Trakai came under Russian Rule. Benjamin Aga, Solomon ben Nahamu Bobowitz, and the astronomer Isaac of Kalea, the son-in-law of Jacob Aga, who was the elder brother of Benjamin, went to St. Petersburg as a delegation from the Crimean Karaites, to petition the empress to release their sect from the double rate of taxation which all the Jews then had to pay. Through the intervention of Count Nikolay Zubov, the delegation obtained from the empress the exemption from the "Jewish" taxes, some land grants, and other privileges which had not been asked for. This established an important precedent for exempting the Karaites from subsequent anti-Jewish legislation. The extraordinary success of the mission served to arouse great enthusiasm among the Karaites, and Aga and his fellow delegates were received with great honor on their return. A large monolith, fashioned out of marble, with fitting inscription, was erected in the court of the kenesa at Eupatoria, to commemorate an event so important in the history of the Karaites of Russia.
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Catherine the Great Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна "Yekaterina Alekseyevna"; 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796 ), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая , "Yekaterina Velikaya"), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader and arguably its most renowned, regardless of gender (although Peter the Great was the only Tsar officially designated as "The Great" ). She came to power following a "coup d'état" when her husband, Peter III, was assassinated. Russia was revitalised under her reign, growing larger as well as stronger in military terms and becoming recognised as one of the great powers of Europe.
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Isabella Belfer Isabella Belfer is a sixty-nine-year-old Russian-born Israeli woman convicted of kidnapping in Israel and was the oldest person incarcerated in Israel, until she was granted a pardon in 2010. Her case was made famous through RT, an English language Russian news service, while the Israeli media paid little attention to the case.
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Mandukhai Khatun Mandukhai Khatun (Mongolian: Мандухай хатан , ), also known as Mandukhai Sechen Khatun (Mongolian: Мандухай сэцэн хатан , or Queen Manduhai the Wise), (c. 1449 – 1510) was the Khatun of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia. She reunited the warring Mongols with her husband Batmunkh Dayan Khan.
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Ayşe Hatun (wife of Selim I) Ayşe Hatun (1476–1539) was a daughter of Meñli I Giray. She married first Mahmud, a son of Bayezid II; after Mahmud's death she married his brother the future Selim I in 1511, then still a prince. Ayşe Hatun was married firstly in 1504 to Selim's brother Şehzade Mehmed, Sancak Bey of Kefe, son of Ferahşad Hatun and became widow by his death in 1507. After her first husband's death, the Crimean princess entered in 1511 the harem of her husband's brother, the future Sultan Selim I (1513–20), when he was the governor of Amasya, thus securing for him, in the person of her powerful father, a valuable ally in the prince's struggle for the throne.
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Sita Devi (Maharani of Kapurthala) Sita Devi (1915−2002), also known as Princess Karam, was widely regarded as one of the most glamorous women of her day.
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Gülüstü Hanım Gülüstü Hanım (] ); ( 1831 – 1861; Ottoman Turkish: کلستو خانم‎ ) was a consort of Sultan Abdülmecid I. She was the mother of Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
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Zainab Tari Zainab Tari Soomro (Sindhi: زينب تاري, Urdu: زينب تاری ‎ ) ruled as the Queen of Sindh (in modern-day Pakistan) for ten years from 1092 AD until 1102. She was the only queen who had ever ruled Sindh as an absolute ruler.
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Hamide Ayşe Sultan Hamide Ayşe Sultan (2 November 1887 – 10 August 1960) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and his eighth wife Müşfika Kadın, the daughter of Gazi Şehid Mahmud Bey Ağır and his wife Emine Hanım. She was known for publishing her memoirs by the name of "Babam Sultan Abdülhamid" in 1960.
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Kurmanjan Datka Kurmanjan Datka (Kyrgyz: Курманжан Датка ) or Datka Kurmanjan Mamatbai kysy (1811 – 1 February 1907), also known as "The Tsaritsa of Alai" or "The Queen of the South", was a stateswoman in Kyrgyzstan who acquiesced under duress to the annexation of that region to Russia.
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Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: Ксения Александровна Романова ; 6 April [O.S. 25 March] 1875 – 20 April 1960) was the elder daughter and fourth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia (née Princess Dagmar of Denmark) and the sister of Emperor Nicholas II. She married a cousin, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia, with whom she had seven children. She was the mother-in-law of Felix Yusupov and a cousin of Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia who, together, killed Grigori Rasputin, holy healer to her nephew, the haemophiliac Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia. During her brother's reign she recorded in her diary and letters increasing concern about his rule. After the fall of the monarchy in February 1917 she fled Russia, eventually settling in the United Kingdom.
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Haseki sultan Haseki Sultan (Ottoman Turkish: خاصکى سلطان‎ , "Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān;" ] ) was the imperial title used for the chief consort of an Ottoman Sultan. Haseki sultan meant "chief consort" or "single favorite" of the sultan. In later years, the meaning of the title changed to "imperial consort". Hürrem Sultan, principal consort of Suleiman the Magnificent, was the first holder of this title.
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Satylghan ibn Nur Daulat Satylghan ibn Nur Daulat () was Sultan () of the Qasim Khanate, also known as the Kasimov Khanate. He was the second Qasim ruler, and the first to be named Sultan, of the Giray dynasty which also ruled the Crimean Khanate.
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Our Lady Derzhavnaya Our Lady Derzhavnaya ("The Sovereign", "The Reigning Icon") is a Russian icon believed to date from the 18th century. According to Irina Yazykova, the Reigning Icon, "remains one of the most revered both inside Russia and in Russian emigre circles. Copies of the Reigning Icon of the Mother of God can now be found all over the world."
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Catherine I of Russia Catherine I (Russian: Екатери́на I Алексе́евна , "Yekaterina I Alekseyevna" , born Polish: "Marta Helena Skowrońska" , later known as Marta Samuilovna Skavronskaya; 15 April [O.S. 5 April] 1684 – 17 May [O.S. 6 May] 1727 ) was the second wife of Peter the Great and Empress of Russia from 1725 until her death.
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Vakhtang VI of Kartli Vakhtang VI (Georgian: ვახტანგ VI ), also known as Vakhtang the Scholar, Vakhtang the Lawgiver and Ḥosaynqolī Khan (Persian: حسین‌قلی خان‎ , "Hoseyn-Qoli Xān " ‎ ) (September 15, 1675 – March 26, 1737), was a Georgian monarch of the royal Bagrationi dynasty. He ruled the East Georgian Kingdom of Kartli in the time of the kingdom's vassalage at the hands of Persia from 1716 to 1724. One of the most important and extraordinary statesman of early 18th-century Georgia, he is known as a notable legislator, scholar, critic, translator and poet. His reign was eventually terminated by the Ottoman invasion following the disintegration of Safavid Persia, which forced Vakhtang into exile in the Russian Empire. With Russia still short of reaching its Imperial zenith, Vakhtang was unable to get the tsar's support for his kingdom and instead had to permanently stay with his northern neighbors for his own safety. On his way to a diplomatic mission sanctioned by Empress Anna, he fell ill and died in southern Russia in 1737, never reaching Georgia.
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Deportation of the Crimean Tatars The deportation of the Crimean Tatars (Crimean Tatar "Qırımtatar sürgünligi"; Russian "Депортация крымских татар"; Ukrainian "Депортація кримських татар") refers to the ethnic cleansing of Tatars from Crimea on 18 May 1944 carried out by Lavrentiy Beria, chief of the Soviet security and secret police, under the orders of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Within a space of three days, the Soviet NKVD deported at least 191,044 Crimean Tatar people in cattle trains—including women, children, and the elderly, as well as Communists and members of the Red Army−several thousands kilometers away to modern-day Uzbekistan. The deportation was ordered by Stalin as collective punishment for the 15,000–20,000 Tatars who had joined the Wehrmacht during the German occupation of Crimea in World War II, even though 25,033 Crimean Tatars had joined the Soviet Red Army during the war.
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Huzaima bint Nasser Huzaima bint Nasser (1884–1935) was an Arabian princess, Sharifa of Mecca. After serving as Queen of Syria and Queen of Iraq, Hazima became queen mother of Iraq.
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Şevkefza Kadın Şevkefza Kadın ( 1825 – 17 September 1889; meaning "who cheers up"; Ottoman Turkish: شوق افزا قادین‎ ) was the consort of Sultan Abdülmecid I of the Ottoman Empire. She held the position of Valide Sultan from 30 May 1876 to 31 August 1876, when her son Şehzade Murad ascended the throne as Murad V. She was of Circassian origin.
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Accamma Cherian Accamma Cherian was an Indian independence activist from the erstwhile Travancore (Kerala), India. She was popularly known as the Jhansi Rani of Travancore.
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Mehmed I Giray Mehmed I Giray, Mukhamad Khan Girai, known as Great (1465–1523) — a khan of the Crimean Khanate in 1515 –1523.
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Gevherriz Kalfa Gevherriz Kalfa (Ottoman Turkish: کوھریز قالفہ‎ ; 1863 – 1940) was a lady-in-waiting to Sultan Murad V of the Ottoman Empire.