The Vercelli Book is one of the oldest of the Old English Poetic Codices, one of the others being the Junius manuscript, is one of the how many major codices of Old English literature?
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Vercelli Book The Vercelli Book is one of the oldest of the four Old English Poetic Codices (the others being the Junius manuscript, the Exeter Book, and the Nowell Codex). It is an anthology of Old English prose and verse that dates back to the late 10th century. The manuscript is housed in the Capitulary Library of Vercelli, in northern Italy.
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Junius manuscript The Junius manuscript is one of the four major codices of Old English literature. Written in the 10th century, it contains poetry dealing with Biblical subjects in Old English, the vernacular language of Anglo-Saxon England. Modern editors have determined that the manuscript is made of four poems, to which they have given the titles "Genesis", "Exodus", "Daniel", and "Christ and Satan". The identity of their author is unknown. For a long time, scholars believed them to be the work of Cædmon, accordingly calling the book the Cædmon manuscript. This theory has been discarded due to the significant differences between the poems.
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Skáldatal Skáldatal ("Catalogue of Poets") is a short prose work in Old Norse. It is preserved in two manuscripts: DG 11, or "Codex Uppsaliensis", which is one of the four main manuscripts of the "Prose Edda" (first quarter of the 14th century), and AM 761 a 4to (about 1700), which also contains Skaldic poems. It lists the court poets of Scandinavian rulers from legendary times up to the late 13th century with short notes on some.
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Lacnunga The Lacnunga ('Remedies') is a collection of miscellaneous Anglo-Saxon medical texts and prayers, written mainly in Old English and Latin. The title "Lacnunga", an Old English word meaning 'remedies', is not in the manuscript: it was given to the collection by its first editor, Oswald Cockayne, in the nineteenth century. It is found, following other medical texts, in London, British Library Manuscript Harley 585, a codex probably compiled in England in the late tenth or early eleventh century. Many of its herbal remedies are also found, in variant form, in "Bald's Leechbook", another Anglo-Saxon medical compendium.
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Old Norse poetry Old Norse poetry encompasses a range of verse forms written in Old Norse, during the period from the 8th century (see Eggjum stone) to as late as the far end of the 13th century. Most of the Old Norse poetry that survives was preserved in Iceland, but there are also 122 preserved poems in Swedish rune inscriptions, 54 in Norwegian and 12 in Danish.
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King Horn King Horn is a Middle English chivalric romance dating back to the middle of the thirteenth century. It survives in three manuscripts: MS. Harley 2253 at the British Library, London; MS. Laud. Misc 108 at the Bodleian Library, Oxford; and MS. Gg. iv. 27. 2 at the Cambridge University Library. It is also presumably based on the Anglo-Norman story "Romance of Horn" (1170). The story was retold in later romances and ballads, and is considered part of the Matter of England. The poem is currently believed to be the oldest extant romance in Middle English.
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Stanzaic Morte Arthur The Stanzaic Morte Arthur is an anonymous 14th century Middle English poem in 3,969 lines, about the adulterous affair between Lancelot and Guinevere, and Lancelot's tragic dissension with King Arthur. The poem is usually called the Stanzaic "Morte Arthur" or Stanzaic "Morte" (formerly also the Harleian "Morte Arthur") to distinguish it from another Middle English poem, the Alliterative "Morte Arthure". It exercised enough influence on Thomas Malory's "Le Morte d'Arthur" to have, in the words of one recent scholar, "played a decisive though largely unacknowledged role in the way succeeding generations have read the Arthurian legend".
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Crist Crist (Old English for "Christ"), is the title given to a triad of Old English religious poems in the Exeter Book comprising a total of 1664 lines and dealing with Christ's Advent, Ascension and Last Judgment. It was originally thought to be one piece completed by a single author, but the poem is now broken up into three parts:
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Historia Anglorum Historia Anglorum ("History of the English") is the title of two medieval works on the history of England:
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Ovid Publius Ovidius Naso (] ; 20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known as Ovid ( ) in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus. He was a contemporary of the older Virgil and Horace, with whom he is often ranked as one of the three canonical poets of Latin literature. The Imperial scholar Quintilian considered him the last of the Latin love elegists. He enjoyed enormous popularity, but, in one of the mysteries of literary history, was sent by Augustus into exile in a remote province on the Black Sea, where he remained until his death. Ovid himself attributes his exile to "carmen et error", "a poem and a mistake", but his discretion in discussing the causes has resulted in much speculation among scholars.
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Prosimetrum A prosimetrum (plural prosimetra) is a poetic composition which exploits a combination of prose ("prosa") and verse ("metrum"); in particular, it is a text composed in alternating segments of prose and verse. It is widely found in Western and Eastern literature. While narrative "prosimetrum" may encompass at one extreme a prose story with occasional verse interspersed, and at the other, verse with occasional prose explanations, in true "prosimetrum" the two forms are represented in more equal measure. A distinction is sometimes drawn between texts in which verse is the dominant form and those in which prose dominates; there the terms "prosimetrum" and "versiprose" are applied respectively.
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Codex Vaticanus Ottobonianus Latinus 1829 Codex Vaticanus Ottobonianus Latinus 1829 is one of the three most important manuscripts preserving the poems of Catullus. Among students of the matter it is commonly known as Codex Romanus (or "R").
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De vetula De vetula ("On the Old Woman") is a long 13th-century elegiac comedy written in Latin. It is pseudepigraphically signed "Ovidius", and in its time was attributed to the classical Latin poet Ovid. It consists of three books of hexameters, and was quoted by Roger Bacon. In its slight plot, the aging Ovid is duped by a go-between, and renounces love affairs. Its interest to modern readers lies in the discursive padding of the story.
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On the Resting-Places of the Saints On the Resting-Places of the Saints is a heading given to two early medieval pieces of writing, also known as Þá hálgan and the Secgan, which exist in various manuscript forms in both Old English and Latin, the earliest surviving manuscripts of which date to the mid-11th century. "Secgan" is so named from its Old English incipit, "Secgan be þam Godes sanctum þe on Engla lande aerost reston" "Tale of God's saints who first rested in England"), and is a list of fifty places which had shrines and remains of Anglo-Saxon saints. "Þá hálgan" (pronounced thar halgan) is a version of the so-called Kentish Royal Legend (Its incipit "Her cyð ymbe þa halgan þe on Angelcynne restað" "Here [follows] a relation on the saints who rest in the English nation") is a heading which appears to be for both texts, as the Kentish legend, which comes first, is actually an account of how various members of the royal family of Kent, descendents of Aethelbert, founded monasteries and came to be regarded as saints. As such it is closer to other hagiographical texts than to the list of burial sites that follows it. The texts describe people living from the 7th to 10th centuries, and they exist in both Old English and Latin versions, but both have their earliest known manuscripts dating from the 11th century.
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Directorium Inquisitorum The Directorium Inquisitorum is Nicholas Eymerich's most prominent and enduring work, written in Latin and consisting of approximately 800 pages, which he had composed as early as 1376. Eymerich had written an earlier treatise on sorcery, perhaps as early as 1359, which he extensively reworked into the "Directorium Inqusitorum" In compiling the book, Eymerich used many of the magic texts he had previously confiscated from accused sorcerers. It can also be considered as an assessment of a century and half of official Inquisition in the "albigensian" country.
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Sir Isumbras Sir Isumbras is a medieval metrical romance written in Middle English and found in no fewer than nine manuscripts dating to the fifteenth century. This popular romance must have been circulating in England before 1320, because William of Nassington, in his work "Speculum Vitae", which dates from this time, mentions feats of arms and other 'vanities', such as those found in stories of "Sir Guy of Warwick", "Bevis of Hampton", "Octavian" and "Sir Isumbras". Unlike the other three stories, the Middle English "Sir Isumbras" is not a translation of an Old French original.
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The Durham Proverbs The Durham Proverbs is a collection of 46 mediaeval proverbs from various sources. They were written down as a collection, in the eleventh century, on some pages (pages 43 verso to 45 verso, between a hymnal and a collection of canticles) of a manuscript that were originally left blank. The manuscript is currently in the collection of Durham Cathedral, to which it was donated in the eighteenth century. The "Proverbs" form the first part of the manuscript. The second part, to which it is bound, is a copy of Ælfric's "Grammar" (minus its glossary). Each proverb is written in both Latin and Old English, with the former preceding the latter. Olof Arngart's opinion is that the Proverbs were originally in Old English and translated to Latin, but this has since been disputed in a conference paper by T. A. Shippey .
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Lambeth Homilies The Lambeth Homilies are a collection of homilies found in a manuscript (MS Lambeth 487) in the Lambeth Palace Library in Lambeth, England. The collection contains seventeen sermons and is notable for being one of the latest examples of Old English, written as it was c. 1200, well into the period of Middle English.
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L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal L'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal (English:"The History of William Marshal") is the verse biography of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), written shortly after his death at the request of his son, William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. The biography is composed of 19,214 lines, in rhyming octosyllabic couplets, and was written in the Anglo-Norman language. It is the major extant text documenting Marshal's life. It was written based on the surviving account of his squire John D'Erlay. It can be used to provide insight into the two English kings, Richard I and his successor John, both of whom William served. The single surviving manuscript of the work, dating perhaps from the second quarter of the thirteenth century, was once in the collection of Sir Thomas Phillipps, and is now housed at the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York City, under the catalog number M888.
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List of poetry collections A poetry collection is often a compilation of several poems by one poet to be published in a single volume or chapbook. A collection can include any number of poems, ranging from a few (e.g. the four long poems in T. S. Eliot's "Four Quartets") to several hundred poems (as is often seen in collections of haiku). Typically the poems included in single volume of poetry, or a cycle of poems, are linked by their style or thematic material. Most poets publish several volumes of poetry through the course their life while other poets publish one (e.g. Walt Whitman's lifelong expansion of "Leaves of Grass").
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The Pilgrim's Tale The Pilgrim's Tale is an English anti-monastic poem. It was probably written ca. 1536–38, since it makes references to events in 1534 and 1536 – i.e., the Lincolnshire Rebellion – and borrows from The Plowman's Tale and the 1532 text by William Thynne of Chaucer's "Romaunt of the Rose", which is cited by page and line. It remains the most mysterious of the pseudo-Chaucerian texts. In his 1602 edition of the "Works of Chaucer", Thomas Speght mentions that he hoped to find this elusive text. A prefatory advertisement to the reader in the 1687 edition of the "Works" speaks of an exhaustive search for "The Pilgrim's Tale", which had proved fruitless.
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The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia, also known simply as the Arcadia, is a long prose work by Sir Philip Sidney written towards the end of the 16th century. Having finished one version of his text, Sidney later significantly expanded and revised his work. Scholars today often refer to these two major versions as the "Old Arcadia" and the "New Arcadia". The "Arcadia" is Sidney's most ambitious literary work by far, and as significant in its own way as his sonnets.