Who tracked down and arrested the longest-serving commandant of Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp?
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Hanns Alexander Hanns Alexander (6 May 1917 – 23 December 2006) was a German Jewish refugee who tracked down and arrested the Kommandant of Auschwitz Rudolf Höss.
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Rudolf Höss Rudolf Höss (also Höß, Hoeß or Hoess; 25 November 1901 – 16 April 1947) was a Nazi German "SS"-"Obersturmbannführer" (lieutenant colonel) and the longest-serving commandant of Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp in World War II. He tested and carried into effect various methods to accelerate Hitler's plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population of Nazi-occupied Europe, known as the "Final Solution". On the initiative of one of his subordinates, SS-"Hauptsturmführer" (captain) Karl Fritzsch, Höss introduced pesticide Zyklon B containing hydrogen cyanide to the killing process, thereby allowing SS soldiers at Auschwitz to murder 2,000 people every hour. He created the largest installation for the continuous annihilation of human beings ever known.
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Sidney Excell Sidney Excell (23 December 1906 – December 1990) was a major in the British Second Army during World War II. He is remembered for the 1945 arrest of Nazi "Reichsführer-SS" Heinrich Himmler in Bremervörde, Germany.
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Hermine Braunsteiner Hermine Braunsteiner Ryan (July 16, 1919 – April 19, 1999) was a female camp guard at Ravensbrück and Majdanek concentration camps, and the first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the United States, to face trial in Germany.
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Paul Heinrich Theodor Müller Paul Heinrich Theodor Müller (31 January 1896 in Kiel – after January 1945, declared dead by the District Court of Hohenlimburg in 1953) was a German SS-"Obersturmführer" and "Schutzhaftlagerführer" at Auschwitz concentration camp.
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Herta Oberheuser Herta Oberheuser (15 May 1911 in Cologne, German Empire – 24 January 1978 in Linz am Rhein, West Germany) was a Nazi physician and a war criminal who worked at the Auschwitz and Ravensbrück concentration camps from 1940 until 1943.
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Hermann Hackmann "SS-Hauptsturmführer" Hermann Hackmann (October 11, 1913 – August 20, 1994) was a Nazi German war criminal, SS captain in two extermination camps during World War II. He was a roll call officer at KL Buchenwald, and lead guard in charge of the so-called protective custody at Majdanek concentration camp in German-occupied Poland. Described as a brutal man with a cynical sense of humour, Hackmann was tried three times. The first time, he was prosecuted for murder and sentenced to death by SS Judge Georg Konrad Morgen in connection with the Koch trial. Hackmann escaped punishment and was evacuated by the Gestapo.
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Joseph Epstein Joseph Epstein (October 16, 1911 – April 11, 1944 in Fort Mont-Valérien, France), also known as "Colonel Gilles" and as "Joseph Andrej", was a Polish-born Jewish communist activist and a French Resistance leader during World War II. He was executed by the Germans.
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Celle massacre The Celle massacre (euphemistically called ""Celler Hasenjagd"", "hare chase of Celle") was a massacre of concentration camp inmates that took place in Celle, Prussian Hanover, in the last weeks of the Second World War. On 8 April, 1945 over 3,000 concentration camp internees were killed in an Allied air raid and subsequent attacks by SS guards, Gestapo, and Nazi party officials, as well as members of the public. Some of the perpetrators of the massacre were later tried but all of those convicted for the crime were set free in the early 1950s.
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Hilmar Wäckerle Hilmar Wäckerle (24 November 1899 – 2 July 1941) was a commander in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was the first commandant of Dachau concentration camp.
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Gustav Wagner Gustav Franz Wagner (18 July 1911 – 3 October 1980) was an Austrian member of the "SS" with the rank of Staff sergeant ("Oberscharführer"). Wagner was a starter deputy commander of the Sobibór extermination camp in German-occupied Poland, where more than 200,000 Jews were gassed during Operation Reinhard. Due to his brutality, he was known as "The Beast" and "Wolf".
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Sobibór extermination camp Sobibór (or Sobibor , or , ] ) was a Nazi German extermination camp built and operated by the SS near the railway station of Sobibór during World War II, within the semi-colonial territory of General Government of the occupied Second Polish Republic. The camp was part of the secretive Operation Reinhard, which marked the deadliest phase of the Holocaust in German-occupied Poland. The camp was situated near the rural county's major town of Włodawa (called "Wolzek" by the Germans), 85 km south of the provincial capital, Brest-on-the-Bug (Brześć nad Bugiem in Polish). Its official German name was "SS-Sonderkommando Sobibór". Jews from Poland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union (including Jewish-Soviet POWs), were transported to Sobibór by rail. Most were suffocated in gas chambers fed by the exhaust of a large petrol engine. Up to 200,000 people were murdered at Sobibór and possibly more. At the postwar trial against the former "SS" personnel of Sobibór, held in Hagen two decades into the Cold War, Professor Wolfgang Scheffler estimated the number of murdered Jews totalled a minimum of 250,000. This would make it the fourth worst extermination camp, after Bełżec, Treblinka, and Auschwitz.
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Warsaw concentration camp The Warsaw concentration camp (German: Konzentrationslager Warschau , short KL or KZ Warschau) was an associated group of the German Nazi concentration camps, including an extermination camp, located in German-occupied Warsaw, capital city of Poland. Its main target was the Polish population of the city.
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Auschwitz Protocols The Auschwitz Protocols, also known as the Auschwitz Reports, is a collection of three eyewitness reports from 1943–44 about the mass murder that was taking place inside the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during the Second World War.
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Anton Lechner Anton Lechner (born November 18, 1907, date of death unknown) was an SS-"Rottenführer" and member of staff at Auschwitz concentration camp. He was prosecuted at the Auschwitz Trial.
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Hans Möser Hans Karl Möser, or Hans Moeser, (April 7, 1906 – November 26, 1948) was a German Nazi SS officer at the Neuengamme, Auschwitz and Mittelbau-Dora concentration camps during World War II. Rising to the rank of SS-Obersturmführer, he was captured at the end of the war and tried by the United States Military Government Court for war crimes. The only one among 19 defendants at the Dora Trial sentenced to death, Möser was executed at Landsberg Prison in 1948 (death by hanging).
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Camp Ashcan Central Continental Prisoner of War Enclosure No. 32, code-named Ashcan, was an Allied prisoner-of-war camp in the "Palace Hotel" of Mondorf-les-Bains, Luxembourg during World War II. Operating from May to August 1945, it served as a processing station and interrogation center for the 86 most prominent surviving Nazi leaders prior to their trial in Nuremberg, including Hermann Göring and Karl Dönitz.
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Otto Förschner Otto Förschner (November 4, 1902 – May 28, 1946) was a German SS commander and a Nazi concentration camp official. He served as commandant of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp and the Kaufering concentration camp in the Dachau camp system. He was indicted for his crimes, found guilty and hanged in May 1946.
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Oswald Kaduk Oswald Kaduk (August 26, 1906 – May 31, 1997) was a German low-ranking SS commander (SS-Unterscharführer) and "Rapportführer" at Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.
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Hans Koch (SS officer) Hans Koch (August 13, 1912 – July 14, 1955) was an SS-"Unterscharführer" and member of staff at Auschwitz concentration camp. He was prosecuted at the Auschwitz Trial.
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Walter Blume (SS officer) Walter Blume (23 July 1906 – 13 November 1974) was a mid-ranking SS commander and leader of "Sonderkommando" 7a, part of the extermination commando group Einsatzgruppe B. The unit perpetrated the killings of thousands of Jews in Belarus and Russia. Blume was responsible for the deportation of over 46,000 Greek Jews to Auschwitz.
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Richard Wendler Richard Wendler (22 January 1898, Oberndorf bei Salzburg – 24 August 1972, Prien am Chiemsee) was a high-ranking Nazi official during World War II. During the occupation of Poland, he was the Governor of new District Lublin in the General Government, in charge of Lublin concentration camp and the creation of the Częstochowa Ghetto, among others. Before his deployment to Poland, he was the mayor of the city Hof between 1933 and 1941 and became an SS-"Gruppenführer" in 1942 during the murderous Operation Reinhard. Wendler was "Reichsführer-SS" Heinrich Himmler's brother-in-law; his sister was married to a brother of Himmler.