The 15th Infantry Division was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from the early 19th century until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of what?
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15th Infantry Division (Russian Empire) The 15th Infantry Division (Russian: 15-я пехотная дивизия , "15-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya") was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from the early 19th century until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. The division was based in Odessa in the years leading up to 1914. It fought in World War I and was demobilized in 1918.
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Russian Revolution The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union. The Russian Empire collapsed with the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917 (March in the Gregorian calendar; the older Julian calendar was in use in Russia at the time). Alongside it arose grassroots community assemblies (called 'soviets') which contended for authority. In the second revolution that October, the Provisional Government was toppled and all power was given to the soviets.
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German Army (German Empire) The Imperial German Army (German: "Deutsches Heer" ) was the name given to the combined land and air forces of the German Empire (excluding the "Marine-Fliegerabteilung " maritime aviation formations of the "Kaiserliche Marine "). The term "Deutsches Heer " is also used for the modern German Army, the land component of the "Bundeswehr ". The German Army was formed after the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership in 1871 and dissolved in 1919, after the defeat of the German Empire in World War I.
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8th Infantry Division (Russian Empire) The 8th Infantry Division (Russian: 8-я пехотная дивизия , "8-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya") was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from the early 19th century until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. The division was based in Warsaw in the years leading up to 1914. It fought in World War I and was demobilized in 1918.
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17th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 17th Reserve Division ("17. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. At the beginning of the war, it formed the IX Reserve Corps with the 18th Reserve Division.
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61st Infantry Division (Russian Empire) The 61st Infantry Division (Russian: 61-я пехотная дивизия , "61-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya") was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army.
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History of the Soviet Union The "History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union" reflects a period of change for both Russia and the world. Though the terms "Soviet Russia" and "Soviet Union" are synonymous in everyday vocabulary, when referring to the foundations of the Soviet Union, "Soviet Russia" refers to the few years after the October Revolution of 1917, but before the creation of the Soviet Union in 1922.
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39th Infantry Division (Russian Empire) The 39th Infantry Division (Russian: 39-я пехотная дивизия , "39-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya") was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army.
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45th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 45th Reserve Division ("45. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed in August 1914 and organized over the next two months. It was part of the first wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I, which were numbered the 43rd through 54th Reserve Divisions. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was part of XXIII Reserve Corps and was recruited primarily in the Prussian provinces of Pomerania and West Prussia, but the 212th Reserve Infantry Regiment was a Hanseatic regiment, raised in Hamburg and Bremen.
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115th Infantry Division (German Empire) The 115th Infantry Division ("115. Infanterie-Division") was a formation of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on April 2, 1915, and organized over the next several weeks. It was part of a wave of new infantry divisions formed in the spring of 1915. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.
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Imperial Guard (Russia) The Russian Imperial Guard, officially known as the Leib Guard (Russian: Лейб-гвардия "leyb-gvardiya", from German "Leib" "Body"; cf. Life Guards / Bodyguard) were military units serving as personal guards of the Emperor of Russia. Peter the Great founded the first such units following the Prussian practice in the 1690s, to replace the politically motivated Streltsy. The Imperial Guard subsequently increased in size and diversity to become an elite corps of all branches within the Imperial Army rather than Household troops in direct attendance on the Tsar. Numerous links were however maintained with the Imperial family and the bulk of the regiments of the Imperial Guard were stationed in and around Saint Petersburg in peacetime.
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Friedrich Caspar von Geismar Friedrich Caspar von Geismar (also known as Fyodor Geismar, Russian: Фёдор Клементьевич Гейсмар ; 1783-1848) was an Austrian-German military officer who spent the best part of his career in the service of Imperial Russian Army. He eventually rose to the rank of General and became an adjutant to tsar Nicholas I of Russia.
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12th Infantry Division (Russian Empire) The 12th Infantry Division (Russian: 12-я пехотная дивизия , "12-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya") was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army that existed in various formations from the early 19th century until the end of World War I and the Russian Revolution. The division was based in Lutsk in the years leading up to 1914. It fought in World War I and was demobilized in 1918.
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1st Guards Reserve Division (German Empire) The 1st Guard Reserve Division ("1. Garde-Reserve-Division") was a reserve infantry division of the Imperial German Army in World War I. It was a reserve formation of the Prussian Guards, the elite regiments raised throughout the Kingdom of Prussia. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 as part of the Guards Reserve Corps and dissolved in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after the Armistice.
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Polish I Corps in Russia Polish I Corps in Russia (Polish: "I Korpus Polski w Rosji" ) was a Polish military formation formed in Belarus, in August 1917 in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, from soldiers of Polish origin serving in the Russian Army. Its goal was to defend Poles inhabiting parts of Poland under Russian partitions and support the formation of independent Poland.
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Battle of Stallupönen The Battle of Stallupönen, fought between Russian and German armies on August 17, 1914, was the opening battle of World War I on the Eastern Front. The Germans under the command of Hermann von François conducted a successful counterattack against four Russian infantry divisions from different infantry corps, which heavily outnumbered them but were separated from each other, creating a gap between the 27th Infantry Division and the 40th Infantry Division, and had little coordination with each other. It was a minor German success, but did little to upset the Russian timetable.
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28th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 28th Reserve Division ("28. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed on the mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 as part of the XIV Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was raised primarily in the Grand Duchy of Baden.
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15th (Scottish) Infantry Division The 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that served with distinction in both World War I and World War II. In World War I the 15th (Scottish) Division was formed from men volunteering for Kitchener's Army and served from 1915 to 1918 on the Western Front. The division was later disbanded, after the war, in 1919. In World War II it was reformed as the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division on 2 September 1939, the day before war was declared, as part of the Territorial Army (TA) and served in the United Kingdom and later North-West Europe from June 1944 to May 1945.
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33rd Infantry Division (Russian Empire) The 33rd Infantry Division (Russian: 33-я пехотная дивизия , "33-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya") was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army.
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Tsarist bureaucracy The Tsarist bureaucracy, alongside the military, the judiciary and the Russian Orthodox Church, played a major role in solidifying and maintaining the rule of the Tsars in the Tsardom of Russia (1547-1721) and in the Russian Empire (1721-1917). In the 19th century, the forces of change brought on by the Industrial Revolution propelled many countries, especially in Europe, to significant social changes. However, due to the conservative nature of the Tsarist regime and its desire to maintain power and control, social change in Russia lagged behind that of Europe.
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29th Infantry Division (Russian Empire) The 29th Infantry Division (Russian: 29-я пехотная дивизия , "29-ya Pekhotnaya Diviziya") was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army. It was part of the 20th Army Corps.
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80th Reserve Division (German Empire) The 80th Reserve Division ("80. Reserve-Division") was a unit of the Imperial German Army in World War I. The division was formed at the end of December 1914 and organized over the next month, arriving in the line in early February 1915. It was part of the second large wave of new divisions formed at the outset of World War I, which were numbered the 75th through 82nd Reserve Divisions. The division was initially part of XXXX Reserve Corps. The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was mixed in recruitment. The 264th Reserve Infantry Regiment was from Thuringia, and was described as a Saxe-Altenburg regiment. The 265th Reserve Infantry Regiment was from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The 266th was also formed in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, but reportedly included recruits from Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Pomerania and other areas. The 34th Reserve Infantry Regiment, which replaced the 265th in 1915, was from West Prussia.