A railway constructed along aqueducts in north west England from Heywood to Rawtenstall was built in response to the growing population of what time period?
521f7ccf5b51b5fc1732b45e0e4827be
Listed buildings in Haslingden Haslingden is a town in Rossendale, Lancashire, England, and close to it are the communities of Helmshore, Ewood Bridge, and Irwell Vale. The area contains 47 buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings. Of these, three are listed at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. Until the coming of the Industrial Revolution the area was agricultural, and almost all the earliest listed buildings are farmhouses and farm buildings. With the arrival of industry, first came weavers' cottages and then mills, some of which are listed. As the population grew, buildings to serve the community were constructed. Listed examples of these include churches and associated structures, and a public house. The East Lancashire Railway passes through the area, and viaducts built to carry it are listed. In addition the gateway to a public park and a war memorial are listed.
e0fe5371af0f61ce71c6bb2092a08b22
East Lancashire Railway The East Lancashire Railway is a 12+1/2 mi heritage railway line in north west England which runs between Heywood and Rawtenstall with intermediate stations at Bury Bolton Street, Burrs Country Park , Summerseat, Ramsbottom and Irwell Vale.
a807655e1e4dedd7a3f6e6aa2cefb686
Wollaton Wagonway The Wollaton Wagonway (or Waggonway), built between October 1603 and 1604 in the East Midlands of England by Huntingdon Beaumont in partnership with Sir Percival Willoughby, has sometimes been credited as the world's first "overground" wagonway and therefore regarded as a significant step in the development of railways. Its primacy has been recently questioned because of a wagonway built at Prescot, near Liverpool, sometime around 1600 and possibly as early as 1594. Owned by Philip Layton, this line carried coal from a pit near Prescot Hall to a terminus about half a mile away. Also, a wagonway at Broseley in Shropshire was probably earlier.
8d86605b76adec41d71837ee712e9fcb
West Hartlepool West Hartlepool refers to the western part of what has since the 1960s been known as the borough of Hartlepool in North East England. It was originally formed in 1854 as the result of the opening of seaside docks and railways that connected the docks to cities to the east and west.
fea6b4a6dad90a2a4fc300c90e31adaf
Opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway The opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&M) took place on 15 September 1830. Work on the L&M had begun in the 1820s, to connect the major industrial city of Manchester with the nearest deep water port at the Port of Liverpool, 35 mi away. Although horse-drawn railways already existed elsewhere, and a few industrial sites already used primitive steam locomotives for bulk haulage, the L&M was the first locomotive-hauled railway to connect two major cities, and the first to provide a scheduled passenger service. The opening day was a major public event. Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, the Prime Minister, rode on one of the eight inaugural trains, as did many other dignitaries and notable figures of the day. Huge crowds lined the track at Liverpool to watch the trains depart for Manchester.
1863a03188aa1a15deeebc1cad32efbf
Wigan Wigan is a town in Greater Manchester, England, on the River Douglas, 7.9 mi south-west of Bolton, 10 mi north of Warrington and 16 mi west-northwest of Manchester. Wigan is the largest settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and is its administrative centre. The town had a population of 97,000 in 2011, whilst the wider borough had a population of 318,100.
cf919f6ef2e2f82278d68eb8b9ce3844
Bradford on Avon Bradford on Avon (sometimes Bradford-on-Avon) is a town and civil parish in west Wiltshire, England, with a population of 9,402 at the 2011 census. The town's canal, historic buildings, shops, pubs and restaurants make it popular with tourists.
9b6a05b7fd0402315c39ed506ca61f41
Castleford Castleford is a town in the metropolitan borough of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It had a population of 40,210 at the 2011 Census. Historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, to the north of the town centre the River Calder joins the River Aire and the Aire and Calder Navigation.
31b737d1f4deb1e0889a52f830bd7950
Economy of Youngstown, Ohio The economy of Youngstown, Ohio flourished in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with steel production reaching all-time highs at that time. The steel boom led to an influx of immigrants to the area looking for work, as well as construction of skyscrapers in the area. The city's population peaked at 170,002 in 1930, just at the onset of the Great Depression. World War II also brought a great demand for steel. After World War II, demand for steel dropped off dramatically, and industrial base of Youngstown began to see a decline.
d7f59553f8d096db10a6e3bc01419ed7
Badminton railway line The Badminton railway line is a railway line opened in 1903 by the Great Western Railway between Wootton Bassett in Wiltshire and Patchway and Filton, north of Bristol, England. Forming the eastern section of the South Wales Main Line, it shortened the distance between South Wales and London for heavy mineral traffic and for express passenger trains, and relieved congestion on the line through Bath.
eccdee34410d15c25759c3d2a17c8053
Back-to-back house Back-to-back houses are a form of terraced house in the United Kingdom. Many thousands of these houses were built during the Industrial Revolution for the rapidly increasing population of Britain's expanding factory towns. This sort of housing was deemed unsatisfactory, and the passage of the Public Health Act 1875 meant that no more were built; instead byelaw terraced houses took their place. One remaining court, the Birmingham Back to Backs, is now operated as a museum by the National Trust.
ff1ef0c88b4996fa3df2abfbef9d86be
Listed buildings in Preston, Lancashire Preston is a city in Lancashire, England, that contains about 340 listed buildings. Its recorded history goes back to the Roman era, and in the medieval period it was a market town and a port, its first charter being granted in 1179. The city stands at the lowest crossing point of the River Ribble, which has given it great strategic importance. From the 16th century it was a centre for the spinning and weaving industries, and its greatest growth came from the 1770s with the development of steam power. By 1835 (when it was still a town) it contained 40 factories, and this had grown to 77 factories in 1869. Its population rose from about 12,000 in 1801 to about 69,000 in 1851, and one reflection of this was and this resulted in poor housing and social conditions. As a consequence of this there was fear of riots and other disturbances from the Chartists, the response to this being the building of Fulwood Barracks in the 1840s. There was much church building in the 19th century, including a number of notable Roman Catholic churches, reflecting the importance of Catholicism in the town and area. Later in the century and in the early 20th century the rise of civic pride and prosperity resulted in a number of notable civic buildings, particularly Fulwood Barracks. During the 20th century there was much clearing of slum properties, and of many other older buildings. The port closed in the 1980s. Few of the 20th-century buildings have been listed, with the exception of the Central bus station and car park, which was opened in 1969 and had been threatened with demolition.
25d8a6b30413b08698f9fb19d1409d1d
Timeline of the London Underground The transport system now known as the London Underground began in 1863 with the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway. Over the next forty years, the early sub-surface lines reached out from the urban centre of the capital into the surrounding rural margins, leading to the development of new commuter suburbs. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, new technology—including electric locomotives and improvements to the tunnelling shield—enabled new companies to construct a series of "tube" lines deeper underground. Initially rivals, the tube railway companies began to co-operate in advertising and through shared branding, eventually consolidating under the single ownership of the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL), with lines stretching across London.
5544a292f36b6f91c68821b66d5274b2
Southend Urban Area The Southend Urban Area is the informal name for the urban area including and surrounding Southend-on-Sea in Essex, England. The Office for National Statistics defines the Southend Urban Area as having a population of 295,310, making it the largest urban area within the East of England. The population had increased by almost 10% since the 2001 population of 269,400; this was mainly due to Hullbridge becoming part of the built-up area. The 2001 population had grown nearly 1% from the 1991 figure of 266,749.
4511cc4ffe7718c0a6a5e503c61439d1
Telford Telford is a large new town in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county of Shropshire, England, about 13 mi east of Shrewsbury, and 30 mi north west of Birmingham. With an estimated population (for the borough) of 170,300 in 2010 and around 155,000 in Telford itself, Telford is the largest town in Shropshire, and one of the fastest-growing towns in the United Kingdom.
83cb352761f9c390cda9bb8abbd013d4
Overspill estate An overspill estate is a housing estate planned and built for the housing of excess population in urban areas, both from the natural increase of population and often in order to rehouse people from decaying inner city areas, usually as part of the process of slum clearance. They were created on the outskirts of most large British towns and during most of the 20th century, with new towns being an alternative approach outside London after World War II. The Town Development Act, 1952 encouraged the expansion of neighbouring urban areas rather than the creation of satellite communities. Slum clearance tenants often had problems with the move, since it separated them from extended family and friends, needed services were often lacking, and only the better off workers could afford the extra cost of commuting back to their jobs. Another criticism was that the new estates occupied what had been productive agricultural land.
ab3d17e7a54e3345e6e052f492ae9373
History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830 History of rail transport in Great Britain to 1830
8c86dd41007e896fefeae2eaa5195560
Preston, Lancashire Preston is a city and the administrative centre of Lancashire, England. On the north bank of the River Ribble, it is an urban settlement and unparished area that together with surrounding rural civil parishes forms the City of Preston local government district of Lancashire. The district obtained city status in 2002, becoming England's 50th city in the 50th year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. Preston has a population of 114,300, the City of Preston district 132,000 and the Preston Built-up Area 313,322. The Preston Travel To Work Area, in 2011, had a population of 420,661 compared to 354,000 in the previous census.
cdcac9502421549b93ffe12cfe5498f6
Hawarden Hawarden (Welsh: "Penarlâg" ), Flintshire, Wales is a village, community and electoral ward in part of the Deeside conurbation on the Welsh/English border and was historically significant settlement in the area, see Hawarden Castle. At the 2001 Census, the population of "Hawarden Ward" was 1,858 (892 males, 966 females). increasing to 1,887 at the 2011 census. The total population for the greater community of Hawarden, which comprises also Ewloe (which also has a castle), Mancot and Aston, was 13,539, increasing to 13,920 at the 2011 census. The scenic, wooded Hawarden Park forms the southern part of the community. Hawarden Bridge is the industrial development that lies across Shotton/Queensferry and the Dee. The west of the main street is called "The Highway", its start marked by the crossroads with the fountain in the middle, near which are public houses, some centred on restaurants.
bae26c407e3d176e692b50fb72eb8f76
Transport during the British Industrial Revolution Transport during the British Industrial Revolution
ae6c60610c135db5b46fe60366c75757
River, Kent River is a village and civil parish in Kent, England, situated between the historic town of Dover and the neighbouring village of Temple Ewell. "Village" is a somewhat loose term for River; it is a community of several thousand and is probably more usefully regarded as a suburb of Dover. After a period of rapid housing development in the 1960s and 1970s, the size and population of River have largely stabilised in recent decades, and little new development is now seen. This is partly because River lies in a steep chalk valley which affords little scope for further expansion. However, it is also true that the Dover area is historically not in the vanguard of high economic growth, being tied almost exclusively to the cross-channel port and various support industries, which have witnessed a gradual decline since the opening of the Channel Tunnel. In transport terms River is well connected, being close to the A2 and A20 trunk routes, having a railway station at Kearsney with direct services to London, and of course being only 3 mi from the Port of Dover itself.
9dbe377ce06556ba8b828010f60166d5
Stockton and Darlington Railway The Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) was a railway company that operated in north-east England from 1825 to 1863. The world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, its first line connected collieries near Shildon with Stockton-on-Tees and Darlington, and was officially opened on 27 September 1825. The movement of coal to ships rapidly became a lucrative business, and the line was soon extended to a new port and town at Middlesbrough. While coal waggons were hauled by steam locomotives from the start, passengers were carried in coaches drawn by horses until carriages hauled by steam locomotives were introduced in 1833.