What two countries supported the project that Louis Slotin died working on?
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Louis Slotin Louis Alexander Slotin (1 December 1910 – 30 May 1946) was a Canadian physicist and chemist who worked on the Manhattan Project. During World War II, Slotin conducted research at Los Alamos National Laboratory. He performed experiments with uranium and plutonium cores to determine their critical mass values. On 21 May 1946, Slotin was conducting a demonstration when he accidentally initiated a fission reaction, which released a burst of hard radiation. He received a lethal dose of radiation and died of acute radiation syndrome nine days later. Slotin was the second person to die from a criticality accident, following the death of Harry Daghlian, who had been exposed to radiation by the same core that killed Slotin. Slotin was publicly hailed as a hero by the United States government for reacting quickly and preventing his accident from killing any colleagues. He was later criticized for failing to follow protocol during the experiment.
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Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Nuclear physicist Robert Oppenheimer was the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory that designed the actual bombs. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; "Manhattan" gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US $2 billion (about $ in 2016 dollars). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and to produce fissile material, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.
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LaRouche movement The LaRouche movement is a political and cultural network promoting Lyndon LaRouche and his ideas. It has included many organizations and companies around the world, which campaign, gather information, and publish books and periodicals. The movement promotes a revival of classical art and a greater commitment to science; advocates the development of major economic infrastructure projects on a global scale; and calls for a reform of the world financial system to encourage investment in the physical economy and suppress financial speculation.
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Organization of Ibero-American States The Organization of Ibero-American States (Portuguese: "Organização dos Estados Ibero-americanos" , Spanish: "Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos" , usually abbreviated OEI), formally the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture, is an international organization whose members are the Portuguese- and Spanish-speaking nations of the Americas and Europe and Equatorial Guinea in Africa. Its purpose is to promote intergovernmental cooperation among its member nations which will aid the planning and development of regional projects in education, science, technology and the arts. OEI members include Andorra, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Equatorial Guinea, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, Uruguay and Venezuela. Its General Secretariat is located in Madrid, with regional offices in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, El Salvador, Spain, Mexico and Peru and field offices in Chile, Honduras, Nicaragua and Paraguay. Financing of OEI operations and programs is derived from obligatory quotas and voluntary contributions from the governments of member nations and private cultural and educational institutions and foundations. The honorary president of the organization is King Felipe VI of Spain.
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Western studies (Germany) Western studies or western research (German: "Westforschung" ) in Germany traditionally refers to area studies concerned with the countries and areas on Germany's western and southwestern borders, including France (particularly its eastern and northern parts), the Benelux countries and Switzerland, as well as the westernmost "border areas" within Germany, i.e. areas near the Dutch, Belgian, Luxembourgish, French and Swiss borders. The concept of western studies arose during the First World War, and like other forms of area studies, it was often motivated by geostrategic considerations. The traditional concept of western studies was largely abandoned with the onset of the Cold War, West Germany's western alignment and the western European integration process. It has largely been succeeded by the broader field of European studies.
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HEPRO HEPRO ("Health and Social Well-being in the Baltic Sea Region") was a public health project running from 2005-2008. The project was part-financed by the European Union as part of the BSR INTERREG IIIB programme, and managed by Østfold County Council in Norway.
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Louis Pouzin Louis Pouzin (born 1931 in Chantenay-Saint-Imbert, Nièvre, France) invented the datagram and designed an early packet communications network, CYCLADES.
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Treaty of Darin The Treaty of Darin, or the Darin Pact, of 1915 was between the United Kingdom and Abdul-Aziz Al Saud (sometimes called "Ibn Saud") ruler of Nejd, who would go on to found the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.
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French Development Agency French Development Agency ("Agence française de développement", AFD) is a public financial institution that implements the policy defined by the French Government. It works to fight poverty and promote sustainable development. This public institution is active in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, the Caribbean and the French overseas territories where it finances and supports projects that improve living conditions for populations, promote economic growth and protect the planet.
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Gabriel de Luetz Gabriel de Luetz, Baron et Seigneur d'Aramon et de Vallabregues (died 1553), often also abbreviated to Gabriel d'Aramon, was the French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1546 to 1553, in the service first of Francis I, who dispatched him to the Ottoman Empire, and then of the French king Henry II. Gabriel de Luetz was accompanied by a vast suite of scientists, Jean de Monluc, philosopher Guillaume Postel, botanist Pierre Belon, naturalist Pierre Gilles d'Albi, the future cosmographer André Thévet, traveler Nicolas de Nicolay who would publish their findings upon their return to France and contribute greatly to the development of early science in France.
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Congo Free State The Congo Free State (French: "État indépendant du Congo" , "Independent State of the Congo", Dutch: "Kongo-Vrijstaat" ) was a large state in Central Africa from 1885 to 1908, which was in personal union with the Kingdom of Belgium under Leopold II. Leopold was able to procure the region by convincing the European community that he was involved in humanitarian and philanthropic work and would not tax trade. Via the International Association of the Congo he was able to lay claim to most of the Congo basin. On May 29, 1885, the king named his new colony the Congo Free State. The state would eventually include an area now held by the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Louis Linck Louis Linck (1895 – 1962) was born in Paris, and emigrated to the United States in 1926. During his lifetime of sculpting he worked for a number of private clients as well as the WPA (during the Depression), and the International College of Surgeons. His most accessible work is a number of larger-than-life statues permanently on display at the International Museum of Surgical Science in Chicago.
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New Development Bank The New Development Bank (NDB), formerly referred to as the BRICS Development Bank, is a multilateral development bank established by the BRICS states (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). According to the Agreement on the NDB, "the Bank shall support public or private projects through loans, guarantees, equity participation and other financial instruments." Moreover, the NDB "shall cooperate with international organizations and other financial entities, and provide technical assistance for projects to be supported by the Bank."
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INTERREG IV France-Wallonie-Vlaanderen The INTERREG IV France-Wallonie-Vlaanderen Programme 2007-2013, which is co-financed by the European Union, aims at intensifying the cooperation in a cross-border area of 62,000 km² with around 10.5 million inhabitants: the provinces Hainaut, Namur, Luxembourg, Western Flanders and Eastern Flanders in Belgium and the departments Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Aisne and Ardennes in France.
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Hivos Hivos (Humanist Institute for Cooperation in full, Dutch: Humanistisch Instituut voor Ontwikkelingssamenwerking) is a Dutch organization for development. Hivos provides financial support to organizations in Africa, Latin America and Asia, it provides advocacy and it supports knowledge sharing in particular in the field of social change, digital activism and rural innovations.
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DIALREL DIALREL (Full title: "Religious slaughter: improving knowledge and expertise through dialogue and debate on issues of welfare, legislation and socio-economic aspects)" was a project financed by the EU that was launched in 2006, and completed in 2010. Its aim was to promote dialogue between the various interested parties and stakeholders involved in the religious slaughter of animals. Institutions and experts from Australia, Belgium, Germany, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Turkey contributed to the project. The final report was completed in 2010 and was submitted to the European Commission.
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Occitania Occitania (Occitan: Occitània , ] , ] , ] , ] ] , is the historical region in southern Europe where Occitan was historically the main language spoken, and where it is sometimes still used, for the most part as a second language. This cultural area roughly encompasses the southern half of France, as well as Andorra, Monaco, and smaller parts of Italy (Occitan Valleys, Guardia Piemontese) and Spain (Aran Valley). Occitania has been recognized as a linguistic and cultural concept since the Middle Ages, but has never been a legal nor a political entity under this name, although the territory was united in Roman times as the "Seven Provinces" (Latin: "Septem Provinciæ" ) and in the early Middle Ages ("Aquitanica" or the Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse, or the share of Louis the Pious following Thionville "divisio regnorumi" in 806).
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Project Nicaragua Project Nicaragua (also known as Proyecto Nicaragua in Spanish) is a 501(3)(c) non-profit, apolitical organization in both the United States and Nicaragua. Its purpose is to improve the quality of health care in Nicaragua, the second poorest country in the Western Hemisphere, since 2004, when the founding members of the organization traveled to El Antonio Lenin Fonseca Hospital in Managua, Nicaragua to donate medical supplies.
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Terrafrica partnership The TerrAfrica partnership is a US$4 billion, 12-year campaign supported by the African Union, World Bank, United Nations, European Commission, and regional sub-Saharan African governments, and aimed at fighting current, and preventing future desertification and other land degradation in Africa through sustainable land management.
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Theme-based shared flat (kot-à-projet) A theme-based shared flat (called kot-à-projet or Kap in French) is a unique concept created by the université catholique de Louvain which consists in sharing a flat between six and twelve students and working together on a project. The project lasts for one (academic) year and can embrace cultural, social or humanitarian activities. There is a total of about 130 Kaps in Belgium gathering more than 1000 students. For example, one of them helps primary school students for their courses, another one takes care of handicapped people and yet another one is organizing sport events in Louvain-la-Neuve. Exchange students are particularly keen to find a place in one of these kaps because it is an opportunity integrate the Belgian culture and improve their French. As a result, some of the Kap's have a room reserved for exchange students only.
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Louis Leprince-Ringuet Louis Leprince-Ringuet (27 March 1901, Alès – 23 December 2000, Paris) was a French physicist, telecommunications engineer, essayist and historian of science.
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National Workshops National Workshops (French: "Ateliers Nationaux" ) refer to areas of work provided for the unemployed by the French Second Republic after the Revolution of 1848. The political crisis which resulted in the abdication of Louis Philippe caused an acute industrial crisis adding to the general agricultural and commercial distress which had prevailed throughout 1847. It rendered the problem of unemployment in Paris very acute. The provisional government under the influence of one of its members, Louis Blanc passed a decree (25 February 1848) guaranteeing government-funded jobs. The following is an extract: "The provisional government of the French Republic undertakes to guarantee the existence of the workmen by work. It undertakes to guarantee work for every citizen."