How many times was Bertha of Savoy's husband excommunicated?
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Bertha of Savoy Bertha of Savoy (21 September 1051 – 27 December 1087), also called Bertha of Turin, a member of the Burgundian House of Savoy, was Queen consort of Germany from 1066 and Empress consort of the Holy Roman Empire from 1084 until 1087 as the first wife of the Salian emperor Henry IV.
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Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV (German: "Heinrich IV" ; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) ascended to King of the Germans in 1056. From 1084 until his forced abdication in 1105, he was also referred to as the King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor. He was the third emperor of the Salian dynasty and one of the most powerful and important figures of the 11th century. His reign was marked by the Investiture Controversy with the Papacy, and he was excommunicated five times by three different popes. Several civil wars over his throne took place in both Italy and Germany. He died of illness, soon after defeating his son's army near Visé, in Lorraine, France.
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Louis of Cyprus Louis of Savoy (Italian: "Ludovico" ; 5 June 1436 or 1 April 1437 – August 1482) was King of Cyprus, reigning together with and in the right of his wife, Charlotte. He was the second son and namesake of Louis, Duke of Savoy, and his wife Anne, daughter of King Janus of Cyprus. He was born in Geneva.
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Maria Elisabetta Carlotta of Savoy Maria Elisabetta Carlotta of Savoy (16 July 1752 – 17 April 1753) was a Princess of Savoy by birth, and daughter of the king of Sardinia Victor Amadeus III of Savoy and his wife, Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain (daughter of Philip V of Spain).
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Sal·la Sal·la (Latin: "Sanla" ) was the Bishop of Urgell from 981 to 1010, and "one of the first Catalan figures whose own words" survive sufficiently "to give colour to his personality and actions", although all of the words attributed to him were written down by scribes. He receives mention in some sixty-three surviving contemporary documents. As bishop, Sal·la dated documents by the reign of Hugh the Great. Although his episcopate largely preceded the Peace of God movement in Catalonia, his excommunication of high-ranking public figures during a church–state dispute in 991 anticipated it. He also pioneered feudal practices such as the granting of fiefs and was frequently "ahead of the feudalising wave".
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Bertha of Artois Saint Bertha of Artois or Saint Bertha of Blangy (mid 7th century - July 4, 725) was a Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Abbess of noble blood.
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Castulus Saint Castulus (died 286) is venerated as a martyr. According to tradition, he was the chamberlain (or officer, valet) of Emperor Diocletian and the husband of Irene of Rome, also venerated as a saint.
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Princess Maria Carolina of Savoy Maria Carolina of Savoy (Maria Carolina Antonietta Adelaide; 17 January 1764 – 28 December 1782) was a Princess of Savoy from her birth. She was the youngest daughter of the future Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and married in 1781 to the Electoral Prince of Saxony. She died of Smallpox aged eighteen.
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Ramihrdus of Cambrai Ramihrdus of Cambrai, a known priest who had been practicing his own sects of religion, was accused of heresy in 1076 or 1077 for being unwilling to accept communion from priests, including the bishop, after being summoned to court because he believed that the priesthood was corrupt. Although his refusal to accept the sacrament bears some resemblance to the Donatist heresy, which states that sacraments performed by corrupt priests are actually invalid, it was not clear at the time whether Ramihrdus should actually be condemned or not, since his refusal could also be interpreted in the context of Pope Gregory VII's contemporary attempt to reform the church, which included several initiatives directed towards the reform of the clergy.
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Clementia of Burgundy Clementia of Burgundy (c. 1078 – c. 1133) was a Countess of Flanders by marriage. She acted as regent of Flanders while her husband was on crusade, and ruled through both her husband and son for twenty-six years.
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Prince Carlo Francesco of Savoy Carlo Francesco of Savoy (Carlo Francesco Maria Augusto; 1 December 1738 – 25 March 1745) was a prince of Savoy and Duke of Aosta. He was born in the reign of his father Charles Emmanuel III, King of Sardinia.
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Henry of Lausanne Henry of Lausanne (variously known as of Bruys, of Cluny, of Toulouse, of Le Mans and as the Deacon, sometimes referred to as Henry the Monk), French heresiarch of the first half of the 12th century. His preaching began around 1116 and he died imprisoned around 1148.
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Adelaide of Savoy, Duchess of Swabia Adelaide of Savoy (German: "Adelheid von Turin" ; c.1050/2 - 1079), a member of the Burgundian House of Savoy, was Duchess of Swabia from about 1062 until 1079 by her marriage with Rudolf of Rheinfelden, who also was elected German anti-king in 1077.
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Bertha of Sulzbach Bertha of Sulzbach (1110s – August 29, 1159) was a Byzantine Empress by marriage to Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus.
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Apostolic Nunciature to Savoy The Apostolic Nunciature to Savoy was an ecclesiastical office of the Catholic Church to the Duchy of Savoy, Italy. It was a diplomatic post of the Holy See, whose representative is called the Apostolic Nuncio with the rank of an ambassador. The office ceased to exist in 1795 soon after the Duchy of Savoy was occupied by French revolutionary forces in 1792 after the French Revolution .
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Excommunication Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular receiving of the sacraments. The term is often historically used to refer specifically to Catholic excommunications from the Catholic Church, but it is also used more generally to refer to similar types of institutional religious exclusionary practices and shunning among other religious groups. For instance, many Protestant denominations have similar practices of excusing congregants from church communities, while Jehovah's Witnesses, as well as the Churches of Christ, use the term "disfellowship" to refer to their form of excommunication.
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Eighth Council of Toledo The Eighth Council of Toledo commenced on 16 December 653 in the church of the Holy Apostles in Toledo. It was attended by fifty two bishops personally – including the aged Gavinio of Calahorra, who had assisted at the Fourth Council – and another ten by delegation, ten abbots, and the archpriest and "primicerius" of the Cathedral. Also, for the first time, saecular officials, sixteen counts palatine, participated in the discussion, voting, and affirmation of the council's acts. It was the second of King Chindasuinth's two councils, held under the names of both he and his co-reigning son, Reccesuinth.
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Amadeus V, Count of Savoy Amadeus V (4 September 1249, Le Bourget-du-Lac – 16 October 1323, Avignon), surnamed the Great for his wisdom and success as a ruler, was the Count of Savoy from 1285 to 1323. He established Chambéry as his seat. He was the son of Thomas II of Savoy and Beatrice Fieschi.
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Desiderata of the Lombards Desiderata or Ermengarda was one of four daughters of Desiderius, king of the Lombards, and his queen, Ansa. She was married to Charlemagne, king of the Franks, in 770, probably to form a bond between the otherwise enemy states of Francia and Lombardy. The marriage was annulled in 771 and this hurt relations with Lombardy, presaging the war of 774. She had no known children and her ultimate fate is unknown.
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Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy Victor Amadeus I (Italian: "Vittorio Amedeo I di Savoia" ; 8 May 1587 – 7 October 1637) was the Duke of Savoy from 1630-37. He was titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem. He was also known as the "Lion of Susa".
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Cunigunde of Luxembourg Saint Cunigunde of Luxembourg, OSB (c. 975 – 3 March 1040 at Kaufungen), also called Cunegundes, Cunegunda, and Cunegonda and, in Latin, Cunegundis or Kinigundis, was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Saint Henry II. She served as interim Regent after the death of her spouse in 1024. She is a Roman Catholic saint and the Patroness of Luxembourg and Lithuania; her feast day is 3 March.
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Dietrich I von Hengebach Dietrich I von Hengebach (born around 1150, died after 1223) was the Archbishop of Cologne. He was elected in 1208. He supported Otto of the House of Welf as Holy Roman Emperor and was excommunicated in 1212 by Innocent III. Upon his excommunication, he lost the Episcopal see and he brought suit in Rome. His suit was rejected in 1215, after which he retired to the Deanery of Saint Apostles in Cologne, where he died after 1223.