Ovida, Obida or Odiva, was the last Roman ruler of Dalmatia, and a general, of the western provinces, during which late period?
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Ovida Ovida, Obida or Odiva (died December 9, 480) was a general during the late Western Roman Empire and the last Roman ruler of Dalmatia. He was a Goth, as shown by his Germanic name.
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Western Roman Empire In historiography, the Western Roman Empire consists of the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any one time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court, coequal with (or only nominally subordinate to) that administering the eastern half. Both "Western Roman Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" (or "Byzantine Empire") are modern terms describing "de facto" independent entities; however, at no point did the Romans consider the Empire split into two, but rather considered it a single state governed by two separate Imperial courts out of administrative expediency. The view that the Empire was impossible to govern by one emperor was established by Diocletian following the disastrous civil wars and disintegration of the Crisis of the 3rd century, and was instituted in Roman law by his introduction of the Tetrarchy in AD 285, a form of government which was legally to endure in one form or another for centuries. The Western Court was periodically abolished and recreated for the next two centuries until final abolition by Zeno in 480, by which time there was little effective central control left in the area legally administered by the Western Court.
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Jovian (emperor) Jovian (Latin: "Flavius Iovianus Augustus" ; 331 – 17 February 364) was Roman Emperor from 363 to 364. Upon the death of emperor Julian the Apostate during his campaign against the Sassanid Empire, Jovian was hastily declared emperor by his soldiers. He sought peace with the Persians on humiliating terms and reestablished Christianity as the state church. His reign lasted only eight months.
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Hellenistic armies The Hellenistic armies is the term applied to the armies of the successor kingdoms of the Hellenistic period, which emerged after the death of Alexander the Great. After his death, Alexander's huge empire was torn between his successors, the Diadochi (Greek: Διάδοχοι ). During the Wars of the Diadochi, the Macedonian army, as developed by Alexander and Philip II, gradually adopted new units and tactics, further developing Macedonian warfare and improving on the tactics used in the Classical era. The armies of the Diadochi bear few differences from that of Alexander, but during the era of the Epigonoi (Ἐπίγονοι, "Successors"), the differences were obvious, favoring numbers over quality and weight over maneuverability. The limited availability of Greek conscripts in the east led to an increasing dependence on mercenary forces, whereas in the west, Hellenistic armies were continuously involved in wars, which soon exhausted local manpower, paving the way for Roman supremacy. The major Hellenistic states were the Seleucid Empire, Ptolemaic Egypt and the Antigonid kingdom (Macedonia). Smaller states included: Attalid Pergamum, Pontus, Epirus, the Achaean League, the Aetolian League, Syracuse, and other states (like Athens, Sparta etc.).
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Rufius Postumius Festus Rufius Postumius Festus (fl. 472-507) was a Roman aristocrat who lived during the Late Roman Empire. Festus was the last consul appointed by an Emperor in the West. The next consul appointed in the West was Caecina Decius Maximus Basilius, whom king Odoacer appointed in 480, eight years after Festus.
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Gothic War (535–554) The Gothic War between the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire during the reign of Emperor Justinian I and the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy took place from 535 until 554 in Italy, Dalmatia, Sardinia, Sicily and Corsica. Historians commonly divide the war into two phases:
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Prataprudra Deva Prataprudra Deva (Odia: ପ୍ରତାପରୁଦ୍ର ଦେବ) was the last Gajapati emperor of Odisha from the Suryavamshi dynasty started by his grandfather Kapilendra Deva Routaraya. He ruled from the year 1497 to 1540 A.D. Besides being a ruler, he was a devout Vaishnava and adherent of the famous saint, Sri Chaitanaya who arrived in Odisha during is rule. His life was extremely occupied with overwhelming military campaigns in defense of his inherited territory from three frontal invasions by the enemy states Vijayanagar, Hussain Shahi dynasty of Bengal and Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda. He lost large portions of his territory to the neighboring enemy states initiating the dissolution of Odisha's military hegemony and imperial status that continued for nearly a period of 600 years before him.
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Pannonia Valeria The Pannonia Valeria or simply Valeria, also known as Pannonia Ripensis, was one of the provinces of the Roman Empire. It was formed in the year 296, during the reign of emperor Diocletian, in a division of Pannonia Inferior. The capital of the province was Sopianae (today Pécs). Pannonia Valeria included parts of present-day Hungary and Croatia.
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Theodosius I Theodosius I (Latin: "Flavius Theodosius Augustus" ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was Roman Emperor from AD 379 to AD 395. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire. On accepting his elevation, he campaigned against Goths and other barbarians who had invaded the empire. He failed to kill, expel, or entirely subjugate them, and after the Gothic War, they established a homeland south of the Danube, in Illyricum, within the empire's borders. He fought two destructive civil wars, in which he defeated the usurpers Magnus Maximus and Eugenius at great cost to the power of the empire.
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Stracimir Zavidović Stracimir Zavidović () was a 12th-century Serbian prince (Župan) of West Morava, an administrative division (appanage) of the Medieval Serbian Principality, from 1163–1166.
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Palladius (Caesar) Palladius (c. 420 – June 455) was "Caesar" of the Western Roman Empire for two months in 455, together with his father Petronius Maximus.
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Dalmatia Dalmatia (Croatian: "Dalmacija" , ] ; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia, and Istria.
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Ardo Ardo (or "Ardonus", possibly short for "Ardabastus"; died 720/721) is attested as the last of all Visigothic kings of Hispania, reigning from 713 or likely 714 until his death. The Visigothic Kingdom was already severely reduced in power and area at the time he succeeded Achila II, and his dominions probably didn't extend beyond Septimania and present-day Catalonia, due to the Arab conquests of the previous three years.
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Roman-Dalmatae Wars The Roman-Delmatae Wars were a series of conflicts between the Dalmatae federation and the Romans. After the fall of the Ardiaei kingdom in southern Illyria, the Delmatae were to pose the greatest force against the Romans in their conquest of Illyria.
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Patricius (Caesar) Patricius also "Patriciolus"; Greek: Πατρίκιος ; "floruit" 459-471) was a son of the powerful general Aspar, for almost two decades the effective power behind the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire. Of mixed Roman and barbarian origin, he was destined for the imperial throne by his father, and rose to the rank of "Caesar" under Emperor Leo I, before his father's murder in 471 led to his own downfall and possibly death.
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Perseus of Macedon Perseus (Greek: Περσεύς, "Perseus"; 212 – 166 BC) was the last king ("Basileus") of the Antigonid dynasty, who ruled the successor state in Macedon created upon the death of Alexander the Great. He also has the distinction of being the last of the line, after losing the Battle of Pydna on 22 June 168 BC; subsequently Macedon came under Roman rule.
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Deposition of Romulus Augustulus Odoacer's deposition of Romulus Augustulus, occurring in 476 AD, marked the end of the period during which Western Roman Emperors exercised sovereignty, although Julius Nepos exercised control over Dalmatia until 480. Romulus Augustulus was a 16-year-old minor at the time.
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Maximinus II Maximinus II (Latin: "Gaius Valerius Galerius Maximinus Daia Augustus" ; 20 November c. 270 – July or August 313), also known as Maximinus Daia or Maximinus Daza, was Roman Emperor from 308 to 313. He became embroiled in the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy between rival claimants for control of the empire, in which he was defeated by Licinius. A committed pagan, he engaged in one of the last persecutions of Christians.
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Kingdom of Dalmatia The Kingdom of Dalmatia (Croatian: "Kraljevina Dalmacija" ; German: "Königreich Dalmatien" ; Italian: "Regno di Dalmazia" ) was a crown land of the Austrian Empire (1815–1867) and the "Cisleithanian" half of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918). It encompassed the entirety of the region of Dalmatia, with its capital at Zadar.
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Lucullus Lucius Licinius Lucullus ( ; 118 – 57/56 BC) was an "optimate" politician of the late Roman Republic, closely connected with Lucius Cornelius Sulla. In the culmination of over twenty years of almost continuous military and government service, he became the main conqueror of the eastern kingdoms in the course of the Third Mithridatic War, exhibiting extraordinary generalship in diverse situations, most famously during the siege of Cyzicus, 73-72 BC, and at the Battle of Tigranocerta in Armenian Arzanene, 69 BC. His command style received unusually favourable attention from ancient military experts, and his campaigns appear to have been studied as examples of skillful generalship.
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Tristia The Tristia ("Sorrows" or "Lamentations") is a collection of letters written in elegiac couplets by the Augustan poet Ovid during his exile from Rome. Despite five books of his copious bewailing of his fate, the immediate cause of Augustus's banishment of the most acclaimed living Latin poet to Pontus in AD 8 remains a mystery. In addition to the "Tristia", Ovid wrote another collection of elegiac epistles on his exile, the "Epistulae ex Ponto". He spent several years in the outpost of Tomis and died without ever returning to Rome.
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Cumidava (castra) Castra Cumidava was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia. It is located at 4 km northwest of the city Râşnov, at the common border with the city of Vulcan. The archaeological site is located on the middle terrace of Bârsa River. It includes a defensive line of about 2 hectares.