What was the date that the person who revived the Order of Distinction in 1878 was deposed?
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Order of Distinction (Ottoman Empire) The Order of Distinction or Order of Honour (Turkish: "Nişan-i Imtiyaz" ) was an order of the Ottoman Empire founded by Sultan Abdul Hamid I. It was a higher honor than the Order of Glory and given to reward merit and outstanding services. It was revived on 17 December 1878 by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. This was the highest order in the Ottoman Empire.
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Abdul Hamid II Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی‎ , "`Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî"; Turkish: "İkinci Abdülhamit" ; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. He oversaw a period of decline. He ruled from 31 August 1876 until he was deposed shortly after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, on 27 April 1909. In accordance with an agreement made with the republican Young Ottomans, he promulgated the first Ottoman constitution of 1876 on 23 December 1876, which was a sign of progressive thinking that marked his early rule. Later, however, he noticed Western influence on Ottoman affairs and citing disagreements with Parliament, suspended both the short-lived constitution and Parliament in 1878 and accomplished highly effective power and control.
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Ralph James Woodford Sir Ralph James Woodford, 2nd Baronet of Carleby, Lincolnshire (1784–17 May 1828), was the longest-serving Governor of Trinidad. Young and energetic, from 1813 he sought to bring order to Trinidad society and greatly improved the public infrastructure, especially in Port of Spain. At the same time, he institutionalised class and racial divisions and was not in favour of emancipation. His governorship was cut short by his death at sea.
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Francis de Zulueta Francis de Zulueta, FBA (born Francisco Maria José de Zulueta, 12 September 1878 – 16 January 1958) was the Regius Professor of Civil Law at the University of Oxford from 1919 until 1948.
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Royal Order of Kalākaua The Royal Order of Kalākaua I (Kalākaua I e Hookanaka) was instituted on 28 September 1875 by King Kalākaua I to commemorate his accession to the throne of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi on 12 February 1874.
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Augustus Clifford Admiral Sir Augustus William James Clifford, 1st Baronet, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (26 May 1788 – 8 February 1877) was a British Royal Navy officer, court official, and usher of the Black Rod.
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Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia Konstantin Pavlovich (Russian: Константи́н Па́влович ; 27 April 177927 June 1831) was a grand duke of Russia and the second son of Emperor Paul I and Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. He was the Tsesarevich of Russia throughout the reign of his elder brother Alexander I, but had secretly renounced his claim to the throne in 1823. For 25 days after the death of Alexander I, from 19 November (O.S.)/1 December 1825 to 14 December (O.S.)/26 December 1825 he was known as "His Imperial Majesty Konstantin I Emperor and Sovereign of Russia", although he never reigned and never acceded to the throne. His younger brother Nicholas became Tsar in 1825. The succession controversy became the pretext of the Decembrist revolt.
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Nicholas II of Russia Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович , "Nikolay II Aleksandrovich" ; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. Due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Revolution, the execution of political opponents and his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War, he was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody by his political adversaries. Soviet historiography portrayed Nicholas as a weak and incompetent leader, whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects.
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Paul Kruger Stephanus Johannes Paulus "Paul" Kruger ( ; ] ; 10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904) was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South Africa, and President of the South African Republic (or Transvaal) from 1883 to 1900. Nicknamed "Oom Paul" ("Uncle Paul"), he came to international prominence as the face of the Boer cause—that of the Transvaal and its neighbour the Orange Free State—against Britain during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902. He has been called a personification of Afrikanerdom, and remains a controversial and divisive figure; admirers venerate him as a tragic folk hero, while critics view him as the obstinate guardian of an unjust cause.
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Order of Elizabeth The Imperial Austrian Order of Elizabeth (German: "Kaiserlich österreichischer Elizabeth-Orden"), founded in 1898 by Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, was an order created for women. The order was the namesake of Saint Elisabeth of Hungary, but it was created to honor and memorialize Franz Joseph's recently-slain wife, Empress-Queen Elisabeth.
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J. B. L. Reyes Jose Benedicto Luna Reyes (August 19, 1902 – December 27, 1994) was a noted Filipino jurist who served as Associate Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court from 1954 until 1972. Widely known by the initials "JBL", his reputation for erudition and fearlessness was such that the popular rumor took hold that President Ferdinand Marcos awaited Reyes's retirement from the Court in August 1972 before imposing martial law a few weeks later.
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Arthur MacArthur Jr. Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur Jr. (June 2, 1845 – September 5, 1912), was a United States Army general. He became the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900 but his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future President William Howard Taft. His son, Douglas MacArthur, was one of only five men promoted to the five-star rank of General of the Army during World War II. In addition to their both being promoted to the rank of general officer, Arthur MacArthur Jr. and Douglas MacArthur also share the distinction of having been the first father and son to each be awarded a Medal of Honor.
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Nikolay Milyutin Nikolay Alexeyevich Milyutin (Russian: Никола́й Алексе́евич Милю́тин ; June 6, 1818 – January 26, 1872) was a Russian statesman remembered as the chief architect of the great liberal reforms undertaken during Alexander II's reign, including the emancipation of the serfs and the establishment of zemstvo.
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List of Ministers-President of Austria The Minister-President of Austria was the head of government of the Austrian Empire from 1848, when the office was created in the course of the March Revolution. Previously, executive power rested with an Austrian State Council, headed by the Emperor himself, from 1821 under the chairmanship of State Chancellor Prince Klemens von Metternich. The offices of Minister-President was not refilled from 1852, when Emperor Franz Joseph resumed control of the government affairs, and was replaced by a coordinating Chairman of the Austrian Minister's Conference.
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List of people declared venerable by Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI declared 85 individuals venerable, based on the recognition of their heroic virtues from 1963 to 1978.
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Amha Selassie Amha Selassie, GCMG, GCVO, GBE (27 July 1914 – 17 February 1997) was the last reigning monarch of Ethiopia. First proclaimed Emperor during the unsuccessful coup attempt by the Imperial Guards against his father Haile Selassie I in December 1960, he initially went along with this proclamation under duress. The coup collapsed within days and the Emperor Haile Selassie was restored. Amha Selassie was again proclaimed on the deposition of his father by the Derg on 12 September 1974, but he never accepted this proclamation as legitimate, and in any case this brief reign was ended with the abolition of the Ethiopian monarchy in March 1975. He was again proclaimed in exile on 8 April 1989. This time he sanctioned the proclamation and accepted its legitimacy.
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Ulick Alexander Sir James Ulick Francis Canning Alexander {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (10 February 1889 – 4 April 1973) was a British Army officer, businessman and courtier in several of the Royal Households of the United Kingdom.
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Abdelaziz of Morocco Abdelaziz of Morocco (24 February 187810 June 1943; Arabic: عبد العزيز الرابع‎ ‎ ), also known as Mulai Abd al-Aziz IV, served as the Sultan of Morocco from 1894 at the age of sixteen until he was deposed in 1908. He succeeded his father Hassan I of Morocco. He was a member of the Alaouite dynasty.
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W. Wallace Smith William Wallace Smith ((1900--) 18, 1900 – (1989--) 04, 1989 ) was a grandson of Joseph Smith, Jr. and Prophet-President of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (now known as the Community of Christ), from October 6, 1958 to April 5, 1978, when he retired to "emeritus" status.
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Cyril II of Jerusalem Cyril II of Jerusalem (original name Konstantinos Kritikos) was born in 1792 in the island of Samos. In 1816 he was ordained a deacon, then a presbyter, was abbot of the monastery. In 1835 he became Archbishop of Sebasteia and in 1838 of Lydia. In 1845 he was elected as the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem under the name Cyril II (1846–1872) by the "Hagiotaphites" (Confraternity of the Holy Sepulchre) and remains to 1872. On 28 February 1870, Sultan Abdülaziz I signed a "firman" which created the Bulgarian Exarchate subjectеd to the Ecumenical Patriarchate but yet as an representative of the Bulgarian "millet" in the Ottoman Empire. Cyril II participated in the Council in Constantinople, chaired by Ecumenical Patriarch Anthimus VI, in September 1872, wherein the Patriarchs of Alexandria and Antioch also participated and which on 18/30 September declared the Bulgarian Exarchate as schismatic and its adherents excommunicated. Cyril opposed the declaration of schism and declined to sign the Council's decisions. On September 14, 1872 Cyril II left the council in Constantinople by steamer to Jaffa and Jerusalem. Dethroned from the patriarchal throne on 12 December 1872, in his absence.
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Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts Field Marshal Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (30 September 1832 – 14 November 1914) was a British soldier who was one of the most successful commanders of the 19th century. He served in the Indian Rebellion, the Expedition to Abyssinia and the Second Anglo-Afghan War before leading British Forces to success in the Second Boer War. He also became the last Commander-in-Chief of the Forces before the post was abolished in 1904.
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Aleksandr Burago Aleksandr Petrovich Burago (Russian: Александр Петрович Бураго ) was an officer of the Russian Imperial army. Serving as a captain under Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko, he commanded the force that liberated Plovdiv from the Ottoman rule on 16 January 1878. Later on Burago became a colonel. He died of tuberculosis at the age of 30, in 1883, on Madeira, and was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in Saint Petersburg.