Algimantas Mykolas Dailidė, is a former official of which Nazi-sponsored local police force that operated in Nazi-occupied Lithuania from 1941 to 1944?
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Algimantas Dailidė Algimantas Mykolas Dailidė (born 12 March 1921) is a former official of the Nazi-sponsored Lithuanian Security Police (Saugumas) during World War II. After the war, Dailidė sought refuge in the United States, saying he had been a "forester." While in the United States, Dailidė was a real estate agent until he retired to Gulfport, Florida. His citizenship was revoked in 1997 and he is variously reported as having left the United States on his own or having been deported in 2004.
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Lithuanian Security Police The Lithuanian Security Police (LSP), also known as Saugumas (Lithuanian: "Saugumo policija" ), was a local police force that operated in Nazi-occupied Lithuania from 1941 to 1944. Collaborating with the Nazi Sipo (security police) and SD (intelligence agency of the SS), the unit was directly subordinate to the German Kripo (criminal police). The LSP is a controversial unit due to its role in perpetrating the Holocaust in Lithuania, persecuting Polish resistance and communist underground.
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Reserve Police Battalion 33 Reserve Police Battalion 33, "Ostland", (German: "Polizei-Bataillon 33, also: Polizei-Bataillon "Ostland"" ) was a militarised unit of the German Ordnungspolizei (Orpo) in World War II. For the first three months between August and October 1941 – according to Latvian Museum of Occupation – its official name was Police Reserve Battalion "Ostland" ("Polizei-Reserve-Bataillon "Ostland"") and, from October 1941, the 33rd Reserve Police Battalion ("Reserve-Polizei-Bataillon 33"). The 1st Company of Battalion 33 was known as "Ostlandkompanie". It was composed largely of Estonian "Volksdeutsche".
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Lobor concentration camp The Lobor concentration camp or Loborgrad camp (Croatian: "Koncentracioni logor Lobor" ) was a concentration camp established in Lobor, Independent State of Croatia (modern-day Croatia) in the deserted palace of Keglevich family. It was established on 9 August 1941, mostly for Serb and Jewish children and women. The camp was established and operated by Ustaše, with 16 of its guards being members of the local Volksdeutsche community. Its inmates were subjected to systematic torture, robbery and murder of "undisciplined" individuals. All younger female inmates of the Lobor camp were subjected to rapes. More than 2,000 people were inmates of this camp, at least 200 died in it. All survived children and women were transported to Auschwitz concentration camp in August 1942 where they all were killed.
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Ragnvald Hvoslef Ragnvald Hvoslef (19 September 1872 in Oslo – 8 August 1944) was a Norwegian Nazi politician and collaborator during the Second World War. He was a co-founder of the Norwegian Nazi party Nasjonal Samling in 1933. In 1940 he was named by Vidkun Quisling as Minister of Defence in Quisling's attempted and ultimately unsuccessful coup government, but declined the position. From 1941 he held several roles in Quisling's collaborator regime, including as Police President in Kirkenes 1941–1942, as head of Nasjonal Samling's effort to fight "sabotage" and as head of Quisling's personal intelligence organisation within Nasjonal Samling from 1943 until his death.
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Mykolas Sleževičius Mykolas Sleževičius (21 February 1882 – 11 November 1939) was a Lithuanian lawyer, political and cultural figure, and journalist. One of the most influential figures in inter-war Lithuania, he served as the prime minister of Lithuania on three occasions. Taking helm of the government at a difficult time in 1918 and again in 1919, Sleževičius has been credited with preparing Lithuania for the fights to come and for laying the foundations of the fledging state.
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Lithuanian Education Society Rytas The Lithuanian Education Society Rytas (Lithuanian: "Lietuvių švietimo draugija „Rytas“" ; "rytas" means "morning" or "dawn") was a Roman Catholic society fostering education in the Lithuanian language mostly in the Vilnius Region, then fiercely contested between Lithuania and the Second Polish Republic, now split between Lithuanian and Belarus. Established in 1913, the society maintained some 100 primary schools (mostly one-room schools), 50 evening classes, and Teacher's Seminary in Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna) in 1927. Due to political tensions between Poland and Lithuania as well as wider Polonization policies, Rytas faced increasing difficulties and restrictions in maintaining its schools. Similar situation existed with Polish schools in Lithuania (see Lithuanization). The situation continued to worsen as both sides increased restrictions in retribution. As schools were closed, Rytas shifted its focus to maintaining community reading rooms. After the death of Józef Piłsudski in 1935, the rooms were often raided by police and closed. Eventually, the society was abolished by Polish authorities in February 1938. Only the Vytautas the Great Gymnasium was allowed to operate. After the Polish ultimatum of March 1938, diplomatic relations were established between Poland and Lithuania and Rytas was allowed to operate again in May 1939. It could not resume its activities due to World War II and was abolished again soon after the occupation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union in June 1940. The society, with the same mission of promoting Lithuanian-language education, was reestablished in 2004.
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Łuck Ghetto The Łuck Ghetto (a.k.a. the Lutsk Ghetto, Polish: "getto w Łucku" , German: "Ghetto Luzk" ) was a Jewish World War II ghetto established in 1941 by the "Schutzstaffel" ("SS") in the prewar Polish city of Łuck (now Lutsk, Ukraine) occupied by Germany after Operation Barbarossa, in the south-eastern region of Kresy. Łuck was the capital of the Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–39) in the Second Polish Republic before the joint Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland of 1939. The invading Soviets annexed the city to the Ukrainian SSR in 1939 along with the entire region, an renamed it as Луцьк (Lutsk).
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People's Government of Lithuania The People's Government of Lithuania (Lithuanian: "Liaudies vyriausybė" ) was a puppet cabinet installed by the Soviet Union in Lithuania immediately after Lithuania's acceptance of the Soviet ultimatum of June 14, 1940. The formation of the cabinet was supervised by Vladimir Dekanozov, deputy of Vyacheslav Molotov and a close associate of Lavrentiy Beria, who selected Justas Paleckis as the Prime Minister and acting President. The government was formed on June 17 and, together with the People's Seimas (parliament), transitioned independent Lithuania to a socialist republic and the 14th republic of the Soviet Union thus legitimizing the Soviet occupation of Lithuania. The People's Government was replaced by the Council of People's Commissars of the Lithuanian SSR on August 25. Similar transitional People's Governments were formed in Latvia (Prime Minister Augusts Kirhenšteins supervised by Andrey Vyshinsky) and Estonia (Prime Minister Johannes Vares supervised by Andrei Zhdanov).
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Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 The Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 refers to the re-occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1991. During World War II Latvia was first occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940 and then was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941–1944 after which it was re-occupied by the Soviet Union.
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State Security Department of Lithuania The State Security Department or VSD (Lithuanian: "Valstybės saugumo departamentas" ) is a Lithuanian national security agency which collects information on threats to Lithuania's sovereignty and works to eliminate those threats. The VSD also conducts counterintelligence, protects state secrets and classified information, and vets applicants for residence in or entry to Lithuania. The department was established on 26 March 1990, two weeks after Lithuania declared independence from the Soviet Union. At the time, the department was also responsible for certain aspects of law enforcement, provide protection to state officials and strategic objects, ensure integrity of state communications network, investigate political corruption. Other agencies took over these extra duties and, during 2010, the mission of VSD was clarified to mainly focus on intelligence and counterintelligence.
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Reghin ghetto The Reghin ghetto was one of the Nazi-era ghettos for European Jews during World War II. It was located in the city of Reghin (Hungarian: "Szászrégen" ) in Mureș County, Transylvania, now part of Romania but administered by the Kingdom of Hungary from the 1940 Second Vienna Award's grant of Northern Transylvania until late 1944. It was active in the spring of 1944, following Operation Margarethe.
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Ustaše The Ustaše (), also known as Ustashe, Ustashas, and Ustashi, were members of the Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement (Croatian: "Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret" ), a Croatian fascist, racist, ultranationalist and terrorist organization, active, in its original form, between 1929 and 1945. Its members murdered hundreds of thousands of Serbs, Jews, Roma (Gypsies) as well as political dissidents in Yugoslavia during World War II.
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Memel Agricultural Party Memel Agricultural Party or MLP (German: "Memelländische Landwirtschaftspartei" ) was the largest and most influential pro-German political party in the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory) from 1925 to 1934. Leaders of the party were Heinrich Conrad, Konrad von Dressler and James Gubba. Together with the Memel People's Party, the party was established on June 13, 1925, by the Memel Cultural Union ("Memelländischer Kultubund") in preparation for the first elections to the local county councils and the Parliament of the Klaipėda Region. The party represented farmers, war veterans, fishermen, and some clerks. It published "Memel Rundschau", "Lietuviška ceitunga", "Memeler Dampfboot" and controlled several agricultural and credit institutions, including "Agraria", "Landschaftsbank", "Vereinsbank", and "Raiffeisenbank". MLP was able to offer discounts to its members and thus gained significant influence in the region. In May 1926, the party won three seats (out of 85) in the Third Seimas of Lithuania (August Mielbrecht, Johann Schuischel and Georg Waschkies). After the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in 1933, MLP became increasingly right-wing and encouraged its members to join the pro-Nazi Socialist National Community ("Sozialistische Volksgemeinschaft" or SOVOG). For their anti-Lithuanian activities SOVOG and MLP were outlawed in 1934. Some of MLP members were arrested and tried in the Neumann–Sass case. The party ceased its activities; its former members ran in later elections under the unified German list ("Memelländische Einheitsliste" in 1935 and "Memeldeutsche Einheitsliste" in 1938).
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NKVD prisoner massacres The NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions carried out by the Soviet NKVD secret police during World War II against political prisoners across Eastern Europe, primarily Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states, Bessarabia and other parts of the Soviet Union from which the Red Army was retreating following the Nazi German attack on the Soviet positions in occupied Poland, known as Operation Barbarossa.
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Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118 "Schutzmannschaft" Battalion 118 of Ukrainische Hilfspolizei was a "Schutzmannschaft" auxiliary police battalion (Schuma) formed by the Nazis in the spring of 1942 in Kiev in "Reichskommissariat Ukraine" (now capital of sovereign Ukraine) with 500 volunteers in three companies. The battalion was split away from the Schuma Battalion 115 with 100 members of the third company of the Ukrainian-only Battalion 115 forming the first company of Battalion 118. Additional two new companies were composed of Ukrainian nationalists from Bukovyna and volunteers from the prisoners-of-war camp for the Soviets captured in Ukraine during Operation Barbarossa. The German commander of the battalion was "Sturmbannführer" Erich Körner.
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Šiauliai Ghetto The Šiauliai or Shavli Ghetto was a Jewish ghetto established in July 1941 by Nazi Germany in the city of Šiauliai (Yiddish: שאַװל‎ , "Shavl") in Nazi-occupied Lithuania during the Holocaust. The ghetto comprised two areas – one in the Kaukazas suburb and one on Trakai Street. Both were liquidated by July 1944, and their inhabitants were killed or transferred to Nazi concentration camps. In 1939, one quarter of the population of Šiauliai was Jewish, about 8,000 persons. By the end of World War II, only about 500 Jews of the city had survived.
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People's Seimas The People's Seimas (Lithuanian: "Liaudies Seimas" ) was a puppet legislature organized in order to give legal sanction the occupation and annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union. After the Soviet ultimatum in June 1940, a new pro-Soviet government was formed, known as the People's Government. The new government dismissed the Fourth Seimas and announced elections to the People's Seimas. The elections were heavily rigged, and resulted in a chamber composed entirely of Communists and Communist sympathizers. The new parliament unanimously adopted a resolution proclaiming the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and petitioned for admission to the Soviet Union as a constituent republic. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR accepted the Lithuanian petition on August 3, 1940. The People's Seimas adopted a new constitution, a close copy of the 1936 Soviet Constitution, on August 25 and renamed itself to the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR.
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Lublin Ghetto The Lublin Ghetto was a World War II ghetto created by Nazi Germany in the city of Lublin on the territory of General Government in occupied Poland. The ghetto inmates were mostly Polish Jews, although a number of Roma were also brought in. Set up in March 1941, the Lublin Ghetto was one of the first Nazi-era ghettos slated for liquidation during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust in occupied Poland. Between mid-March and mid-April 1942 over 30,000 Jews were delivered to their deaths in cattle trucks at the Bełżec extermination camp and additional 4,000 at Majdanek.
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German-occupied Europe German–occupied Europe or Nazi Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945 and administered by the Nazi regime.
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1942 Luxembourgish general strike The Luxembourgish general strike of 1942 was a manifestation of passive resistance when Luxembourg was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II. The strikes opposed a directive that conscripted young Luxembourgers into the "Wehrmacht". A nationwide general strike, originating in Wiltz, paralysed the country and led to the occupying German authorities responding violently by sentencing 21 strikers to death.
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Vilna Ghetto The Vilna Ghetto was a World War II Jewish ghetto established and operated by Nazi Germany in the city of Vilnius in the territory of Nazi-administered Reichskommissariat Ostland. During the some two years of its existence, starvation, disease, street executions, maltreatment, and deportations to concentration camps and extermination camps reduced the Ghetto's population from an estimated 40,000 to zero. Only several hundred people managed to survive, mostly by hiding in the forests surrounding the city, joining Soviet partisans, or sheltering with sympathetic locals.