The Valletta Summit on Migration was held to discuss the migration of hostile agents from what militant group?
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Valletta Summit on Migration The Valletta Summit on Migration, also called the Valletta Conference on Migration, was a summit held in Valletta, Malta, on 11–12 November 2015, in which European and African leaders discussed the European migrant crisis. The summit resulted in the EU setting up an Emergency Trust Fund to promote development in Africa, in return for African countries to help out in the crisis.
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European migrant crisis The European migrant crisis, or the European refugee crisis, is a term given to a period beginning in 2015 when rising numbers of people arrived in the European Union (EU), travelling across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe. These people included asylum seekers, but also others, such as economic migrants and some hostile agents, including Islamic State militants disguised as refugees or migrants.
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Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula ( or تنظيم قاعدة الجهاد في جزيرة العرب‎ , "Tanẓīm Qā‘idat al-Jihād fī Jazīrat al-‘Arab", "Organization of Jihad's Base in the Arabian Peninsula"), or AQAP, also known as Ansar al-Sharia in Yemen (Arabic: جماعة أنصار الشريعة‎ ‎ , "Jamā‘at Anṣār ash-Sharī‘ah", "Group of the Helpers of the Sharia"), is a militant Islamist organization, primarily active in Yemen and Saudi Arabia. It was named for al-Qaeda, and states it is subordinate to that group and its now-deceased leader Osama bin Laden, a Saudi citizen of Yemeni heritage. It is considered the most active of al-Qaeda's branches, or "franchises," that emerged due to weakening central leadership. The U.S government believes AQAP to be the most dangerous al-Qaeda branch. The group established an Emirate during the 2011 Yemeni Revolution.
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Hizb ut-Tahrir (Australia) Hizb ut-Tahrir (Arabic: حزب التحرير‎ ‎ "Ḥizb at-Taḥrīr"; "Party of Liberation") is an international pan-Islamic political organisation. The organisation is considered a radical Islamic group and has come under scrutiny from the Australian government.
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Al-Burkan Al-Burkan (The Volcano, alt. Al-Burkan al Watani) was a Libyan dissident group opposed to the rule of Muammar Qaddafi, which was based in Rome and revealed in 1984. The group claimed responsibility for the assassination of Libya's ambassador to Italy on 21 January 1984 in Rome. Both Al-Burkan and the Shia militant group Musa Sadr Brigade took credit for the 11 September 1984 attack on two Libyan diplomats in Madrid.
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ETA (separatist group) ETA (] , ] ), an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (] ; "Basque Homeland and Liberty"), is a formerly armed leftist Basque nationalist and separatist organization in the Basque Country (in northern Spain and southwestern France). The group was founded in 1959 and later evolved from a group promoting traditional Basque culture to a paramilitary group engaged in a violent campaign of bombing, assassinations and kidnappings in the Southern Basque Country and throughout Spanish territory. Its goal was gaining independence for the Basque Country. ETA is the main group within the Basque National Liberation Movement and is the most important Basque participant in the Basque conflict.
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Glen Jenvey Glen Jenvey (born 9 April 1965) is a British man who claims to have infiltrated, undermined and exposed radical Islamic groups. He also states that he has infiltrated the Tamil Tigers, working for them in London.
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Revolutionary Liberation Army of Azawad The Revolutionary Liberation Army of Azawad (French: "Armée révolutionnaire de libération de l'Azawad" , abbreviated ARLA) is a Tuareg militant rebel group in northern Mali. The ARLA surged as a dissident group opposing the Tamanrasset Accords. In December 1991, the ARLA joined the United Movements and Fronts of Azawad (MFUA), which signed the National Pact peace treaty.
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2011–14 terrorist attacks in Kenya Since late 2011, Kenya has seen an upsurge in violent terrorist attacks. Kenyan government officials asserted that many of the murders and blasts were carried out by Al-Shabaab in retaliation for Operation Linda Nchi, a coordinated military mission between the Somalian military and Kenyan military that began in October 2011, when troops from Kenya crossed the border into the conflict zones of southern Somalia. According to Kenyan security experts, the bulk of the attacks were increasingly carried out by radicalized Kenyan youth who were hired for the purpose. Kenya security officials also indicated that they were part of death squads, which carried out many of the killings under the orders of a government security council. By mid-2014, the cumulative attacks began affecting Kenya's tourism industry, as Western nations issued travel warnings to their citizens.
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Group 24 Group 24 is a Tajik opposition movement based predominantly abroad due to repressions inside Tajikistan. The movement was founded in Moscow in 2012 by Tajik businessman and politician Umarali Quvvatov after he left Tajikistan.
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Illegal immigration from Africa to Israel Illegal immigration from Africa to Israel (often also referred to as infiltration by the Israeli media and by Israeli government organizations; however, the use of the term has been criticized) refers to the act of African nationals entering Israel in violation of Israeli law. This phenomenon began in the second half of the 2000s, when a large number of persons from Africa entered Israel, mainly through the fenced border between Israel and Egypt. According to the data of the Israeli Interior Ministry, 26,635 people arrived illegally in this way to July 2010, and over 55,000 in January 2012. In an attempt to curb the influx, Israel constructed the Egypt–Israel barrier, which was completed in December 2013.
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Antifa (United States) Antifa ( ) is a militant political movement of autonomous, self-styled anti-fascist groups. The salient feature of Antifa is its opposition to fascism by direct action. Antifa groups are known for their militant protest tactics, including property damage and physical violence. They tend to be anti-government and anti-capitalist, and they are predominantly far left and militant left, including anarchists, communists and socialists. They focus on fighting far-right and white supremacist ideologies directly, rather than on encouraging pro-left policy.
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Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami (Arabic: العالمي أنصار الجهاد‎ ‎ , "Anṣār al-Jihād al-‘Alāmī", "helpers of the global jihad") is a jihadist group that came to international attention in the immediate aftermath of the 2011 Norway attacks, when it was reported that the group had claimed responsibility for the attacks.
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The Institute for Social Movements, Pakistan The Institute for Social Movements, Pakistan (ISM) (Sindhi:انسٽيٽيوٽ فار سوشل موومينٽس پاڪستان | Urdu: ﺍﻧﺴﭩﻴﭩﻮﭦ ﻓﺎﺭ ﺳﻮ ﺷﻞ ﻣﻮﻭﻣﻴﻨﭧ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺘﺎﻥ | Hindi: सामाजिक आंदोलनों के लिए संस्थान) was first of its kind institution in Sindh, Pakistan that clubbed together social movements studies, activism and research . Established by prominent activists, journalists, development professionals and academicians from across Sindh, ISM was primarily active in almost all districts of Sindh and Sindh bordering districts of Balochistan. The Institute was established in Hyderabad in March 2010 after several deliberations held in Karachi, Hyderabad, Umerkot and Sukkur; however due to its important role in supporting civil, political, minorities and land rights in Sindh and Balochistan, ISM was involuntarily closed down on the pressure and threats by Pakistan Army associated intelligence agencies ISI and Military Intelligence on May 29, 2012. The founding directors of the ISM Zulfiqar Shah and his wife Fatima Shah were persecuted, harassed and threatened to death, and were asked to leave Pakistan, who left the country on May 30, 2012 and sought asylum with UNHCR in Nepal, which was granted to them.
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Virgilio Paz Romero Virgilio Pablo Paz Romero (born November 20, 1951) is a Cuban exile and militant who was involved in the 1976 assassination of former Chilean ambassador Orlando Letelier in Washington, D.C. Paz Romero was one of two people accused of detonating a remote-controlled car bomb that killed Letelier and a colleague in Washington's Sheridan Circle.
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Persecution of Copts Copts (Coptic: "ou.Remenkīmi en.Ekhristianos", literally: "Egyptian Christian") are native Egyptian Christians, usually Orthodox, who currently make up between 10 and 20% of the population of Egypt — the largest religious minority of that country. While Copts have cited instances of persecution throughout their history, Human Rights Watch has noted "growing religious intolerance" and sectarian violence against Coptic Christians in recent years, and a failure by the Egyptian government to effectively investigate properly and prosecute those responsible. Hundreds of Egyptian copts have been killed in sectarian clashes from 2011 to 2017, and many homes and businesses destroyed. In just one province (Minya), 77 cases of sectarian attacks on Copts between 2011 and 2016 have been documented by the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights. The abduction and disappearance of Coptic Christian women and girls also remains a serious ongoing problem.
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Ahmad Isma'il 'Uthman Saleh Ahmad Isma'il 'Uthman Saleh (أحمد إسماعيل عثمان) was a member of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad who was living in Albania. He was one of 14 people subjected to extraordinary rendition by the CIA prior to the 2001 declaration of a War on Terror. He was charged in the Returnees from Albania trial.
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Soldiers of Egypt Soldiers of Egypt (Ajnad Misr in Arabic) is an active Salafist Islamist militant group that has been operating near Cairo, Egypt. The groups was founded by Humam Muhammed in 2013, after he split away from the Ansar Bait al-Maqdis militant group. The group claims that its attacks are "retribution" for the August 2013 Rabaa Massacre; notably, the group targets only security forces. It has warned civilians of the presence of bombs that it has placed. The Cairo Court for Urgent Matters declared the group a terrorist group on 22 May 2014. It has been a Proscribed Organisation in the United Kingdom under the Terrorism Act 2000 since November 2014. The United States Department of State designated it a terrorist organization on 18 December 2014.
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Kunduz airlift The Kunduz airlift refers to the evacuation of thousands of top commanders and members of the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, their Pakistani advisers including Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence agents and army personnel, and other Jihadi volunteers and sympathizers, from the city of Kunduz, Afghanistan, in November 2001 just before its capture by U.S. and United Front of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance) forces during the War in Afghanistan. As described in several reports, the Taliban and Al-Qaeda combatants were safely evacuated from Kunduz and airlifted by Pakistan Air Force cargo aircraft to Pakistan Air Force bases in Chitral and Gilgit in Pakistan-administered Kashmir's Northern Areas.
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Bases Autónomas Bases Autónomas ("Bases Autonomes" in French; "Autonomous Bases") was a Spanish neo-Nazi group, later moving to France, and known for its youthful membership and its violent rhetoric and propaganda.
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Ayman al-Zawahiri Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri (Arabic: أيمن محمد ربيع الظواهري‎ ‎ "ʾAyman Muḥammad Rabīʿ aẓ-Ẓawāhirī ", born June 19, 1951) is the current leader of al-Qaeda and a current or former member and senior official of Islamist organizations which have orchestrated and carried out attacks in North America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. In 2012, he called on Muslims to kidnap Western tourists in Muslim countries.
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Kurdistan Freedom Hawks The Kurdistan Freedom Hawks or TAK (Kurdish: "Teyrêbazên Azadiya Kurdistan"‎ ), is a Kurdish nationalist militant group in Turkey seeking an independent Kurdish state in eastern and southeastern Turkey. The group also opposes the Turkish government’s policies towards its ethnic Kurdish citizens.