Austrian psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich pioneered the field of body psychotherapy, which he originally called what?
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Body psychotherapy Body psychotherapy, also called body-oriented psychotherapy, is an approach to psychotherapy which applies basic principles of somatic psychology. It originated in the work of Pierre Janet, Sigmund Freud and particularly Wilhelm Reich who developed it as vegetotherapy.
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Wilhelm Reich Wilhelm Reich (24 March 1897 – 3 November 1957) was an Austrian psychoanalyst, a member of the second generation of analysts after Sigmund Freud. The author of several influential books, most notably "Character Analysis" (1933), "The Mass Psychology of Fascism" (1933) and "The Sexual Revolution" (1936), Reich became known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry.
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Moral treatment Moral treatment was an approach to mental disorder based on humane psychosocial care or moral discipline that emerged in the 18th century and came to the fore for much of the 19th century, deriving partly from psychiatry or psychology and partly from religious or moral concerns. The movement is particularly associated with reform and development of the asylum system in Western Europe at that time. It fell into decline as a distinct method by the 20th century, however, due to overcrowding and misuse of asylums and the predominance of biomedical methods. The movement is widely seen as influencing certain areas of psychiatric practice up to the present day. The approach has been praised for freeing sufferers from shackles and barbaric physical treatments, instead considering such things as emotions and social interactions, but has also been criticised for blaming or oppressing individuals according to the standards of a particular social class or religion.
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Hypnoanalysis Hypnoanalysis is the technique of using hypnosis in the practice of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. It attempts to utilize the trance state induced by hypnosis to effect a conscious understanding of a person's unconscious psychodynamics.
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Psychology of the Unconscious Psychology of the Unconscious (German: "Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido" ) is an early work of Carl Jung, first published in 1912. The English translation by Beatrice M. Hinkle appeared in 1916 under the full title of "Psychology of the Unconscious: a study of the transformations and symbolisms of the libido, a contribution to the history of the evolution of thought" (London: Kegan Paul Trench Trubner). Hinkle's translation was reissued in 1992 as supplementary volume B to "The Collected Works of C. G. Jung".
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Cloudbuster A cloudbuster (or cloud buster) is a pseudoscientific device designed by Austrian psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957), which Reich said could produce rain by manipulating what he called "orgone energy" present in the atmosphere.
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The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement The History of the Psychoanalytic Movement (German: "Zur Geschichte der psychoanalytischen Bewegung" ) is a work published by Sigmund Freud in 1914.
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Neo-Reichian massage Neo-Reichian massage or release is a system based on theories developed by Wilhelm Reich. Practitioners locate and dissolve "body armoring" (also called "holding patterns"). Reich theorized that obstructions to orgone energy cause neuroses and most physical disorders. Muscular contractions (body armor) in various parts of the body manifest such blockages.
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Therapeutic assessment Therapeutic assessment is a psychological assessment procedure which aims to help people gain insight and apply this new insight to problems in their life. This paradigm is contrasted with the traditional, information-gathering model of psychological assessment, the main goal of which is to accurately diagnose, plan treatments, and evaluate treatment effectiveness. Traditional, information-gathering assessment is sometimes viewed as the phase before treatment, whereas therapeutic assessment can be considered the first phase of treatment or as a brief standalone treatment. The term 'Therapeutic Assessment' was coined in 1993 by Stephen E. Finn to describe the semi-structured collaborative assessment paradigm developed by himself and colleagues at the Center for Therapeutic Assessment in Austin, Texas. Finn suggests differentiating the capitalized "Therapeutic Assessment" or the abbreviation, "TA" as the paradigm developed by himself and his colleagues and the lowercase "therapeutic assessment" as the more general term which describes a variety of humanistically based assessment models.
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Andrzej Skarbek Count Andrzej Karol Skarbek (10 January 1925 – 16 November 2011), also known as Andrew Skarbek, was a Polish psychotherapist who worked in Britain and became a pioneer "who helped to develop psychotherapy services in the NHS" (National Health Service).
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Foreclosure (psychoanalysis) Foreclosure (also known as "foreclusion"; French: "forclusion" ) is the English translation of a term that the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan introduced into psychoanalysis to identify a specific psychical cause for psychosis.
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The Ego and the Id The Ego and the Id (German: "Das Ich und das Es" ) is a prominent paper by the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. It is an analytical study of the human psyche outlining his theories of the psychodynamics of the id, ego and super-ego, which is of fundamental importance in the development of psychoanalysis. The study was conducted over years of meticulous research and was first published in 1923.
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Karen Horney Karen Horney ( ; born Danielsen, 16 September 1885 – 4 December 1952) was a German psychoanalyst who practiced in the United States during her later career. Her theories questioned some traditional Freudian views. This was particularly true of her theories of sexuality and of the instinct orientation of psychoanalysis. She is credited with founding feminist psychology in response to Freud's theory of penis envy. She disagreed with Freud about inherent differences in the psychology of men and women, and she traced such differences to society and culture rather than biology. As such, she is often classified as neo-Freudian.
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Transference focused psychotherapy Transference focused psychotherapy (TFP) is a highly structured, twice-weekly modified psychodynamic treatment based on Otto F. Kernberg's object relations model of borderline personality disorder. It views the individual with borderline personality organization (BPO) as holding unreconciled and contradictory internalized representations of self and significant others that are affectively charged. The defense against these contradictory internalized object relations leads to disturbed relationships with others and with self. The distorted perceptions of self, others, and associated affects are the focus of treatment as they emerge in the relationship with the therapist (transference). The treatment focuses on the integration of split off parts of self and object representations, and the consistent interpretation of these distorted perceptions is considered the mechanism of change.
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Bert Hellinger Bert Hellinger (born 16 December 1925, in Leimen, Baden, Germany as Anton Hellinger) is a German psychotherapist associated with a therapeutic method best known as Family Constellations and Systemic Constellations. In recent years, his work has evolved beyond these formats into what he now calls Movements of the Spirit-Mind. Several thousand professional practitioners worldwide, influenced by Hellinger, but not necessarily following him, continue to apply and adapt his original insights to a broad range of personal, organizational and political applications.
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Ruth Mack Brunswick Ruth Jane Mack Brunswick (February 17, 1897 – January 24, 1946), born Ruth Jane Mack, was an American psychiatrist. Mack was initially a student and later a close confidant of and collaborator with Sigmund Freud and was responsible for much of the fleshing out of Freudian theory.
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Psychodermatology Psychodermatology is the treatment of skin disorders using psychological and psychiatric techniques. It is a controversial subspecialty of dermatology because it postulates that a variety of skin conditions can be healed by the mind.
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John Steiner (psychoanalyst) John Steiner is a psychoanalyst, author and trainer at the British Psychoanalytical Society. Steiner, a 'prolific London post-Kleinian', is best known for his conceptions of the "pathological organisation" or the "psychic retreat"...between the paranoid-schizoid and the depressive positions'. His book "Psychic Retreats" describes a treatment methodology for patients with complex defence mechanisms that are difficult to treat with conventional psychoanalysis.
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Electrotherapy Electrotherapy is the use of electrical energy as a medical treatment. In medicine, the term "electrotherapy" can apply to a variety of treatments, including the use of electrical devices such as deep brain stimulators for neurological disease. The term has also been applied specifically to the use of electric current to speed wound healing. Additionally, the term "electrotherapy" or "electromagnetic therapy" has also been applied to a range of alternative medical devices and treatments.
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Otto Rank Otto Rank ( ; born Otto Rosenfeld; April 22, 1884 – October 31, 1939) was an Austrian psychoanalyst, writer, and teacher. Born in Vienna, he was one of Sigmund Freud's closest colleagues for 20 years, a prolific writer on psychoanalytic themes, editor of the two most important analytic journals, managing director of Freud's publishing house and a creative theorist and therapist. In 1926, Otto Rank left Vienna for Paris. For the remaining 14 years of his life, Rank had a successful career as a lecturer, writer and therapist in France and the United States.
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Gestalt therapy Gestalt therapy is an existential/experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility, and that focuses upon the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist–client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation.
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Classical Adlerian psychology Classical Adlerian psychology is the system of psychology set up and developed by Alfred Adler under the title of individual psychology after his break with Sigmund Freud.