What type of law defines "states", and their role in an Exclusive Economic Zone?
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Exclusive economic zone of islands Certain islands have an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) around them, that is, an area within which the state governing the island has special rights to exploit marine resources. In some cases, disputes between nations have arisen regarding the validity of zones that have been declared.
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Sovereign state A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.
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Puerto Rico Department of State The Department of State of Puerto Rico (Spanish: "Departamento de Estado de Puerto Rico") is responsible of promoting the cultural, political, and economical relations between Puerto Rico and foreign countries, and other jurisdictions of the United States. It also carries out other administrative functions such as:
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Constitutional right A constitutional right can be a prerogative or a duty, a power or a restraint of power, recognized and established by a sovereign state or union of states. All constitutional rights are expressly stipulated and written in a consolidated national constitution, which is the supreme law of the land, meaning that any other laws which are in contradiction with it are considered unconstitutional and thus regarded as invalid. Usually any constitution defines the structure, functions, powers, and limits of the national government and the individual freedoms, rights, and obligations which will be protected and enforced when needed by the national authorities.
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Landlocked country A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 49 such countries, including five partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World).
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Law of Papua New Guinea The Constitution is "autochthonous" (a constitutional term of art also used in Malaysia and meaning, literally, "aboriginal," indicating that legal continuity with the former metropolitan power was severed and the Constitution enacted by a constitutional convention of the newly independent state — as in the USA after the American Revolution — rather than by an imperial parliament as in the case of the Constitutions of Canada and Australia). It is "entrenched," meaning that its provisions overbear any ordinary statutory enactments which the courts find to be inconsistent with it, in accordance with the constitutional authority of "Marbury v. Madison", the case which established the principle in the USA, the first modern state to have an entrenched constitution.
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Coastal Zone Management Act The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA; Pub.L. 92–583 , 86 Stat. 1280 , enacted  27, 1972 , , Chapter 33) is an Act of Congress passed in 1972 to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans (CZMPs). This act was established as a United States National policy to preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, restore or enhance, the resources of the Nation's coastal zone for this and succeeding generations.
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European economic interest grouping A European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) is a type of legal entity created on 1985-07-25 under European Community (EC) Council Regulation 2137/85. It is designed to make it easier for companies in different countries to do business together, or to form consortia to take part in EU programmes.
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International arbitration International arbitration is arbitration between companies or individuals in different states, usually by including a provision for future disputes in a contract.
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Network Sovereignty Network Sovereignty is the effort of a governing entity, such as a state, to create boundaries on a network and then exert a form of control, often in the form of law enforcement, over those boundaries. Much like states invoke sole power over their physical territorial boundaries, state sovereignty, these governing bodies also invoke sole power within the network boundaries they set, claiming network sovereignty. In the context of the internet, the intention is to govern the web and control it within the borders of the state. Often, this is witnessed as states seeking to control all information flowing into and within their borders.
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Exclusive economic zone of New Zealand New Zealand's exclusive economic zone covers 4,083,744 km, which is approximately fifteen times the land area of the country. Sources vary significantly on the size of New Zealand's EEZ; for example, a recent government publication gave the area as roughly 4,300,000 km. These figures are for the EEZ of New Zealand proper, and do not include the EEZs of other territories in the Realm of New Zealand (Tokelau, Niue, the Cook Islands and the Ross Dependency).
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Law of Finland The law of Finland is a civil law, in essence statutory. The country does not, however, have codes of the kind that exist in France or Germany. The constitution of Finland, originally approved in 1919 and rewritten in 2000, has supreme authority and sets the most important procedures for enacting and applying legistlation. Judicial decisions may be authoritative as to the interpretation of legislation, but they are not judge-made law. Generally only Supreme Court decisions can be cited, and even they are not actually binding. As in Sweden, administrative law is interpreted by a separate administrative court system. Besides law proper i.e. acts of parliament ("laki"), permanent government regulations ("asetus") form an important body of law. They can clarify and guide implementation, but not contradict an act. As a member of the European Union, European Union law is in force in Finland.
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Neutral zone (territorial entity) A neutral zone is a delimited zone bordering at least one of the states that has agreed to set up a neutral territory. This has occurred in the past and/or present for:
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European Union law European Union law is a system of rules operating within the member states of the European Union. Since the founding of the Coal and Steel Community after World War II, the EU has developed the aim to "promote peace, its values and the well-being of its peoples". The EU has political institutions, social and economic policies, which transcend nation-states for the purpose of cooperation and human development. According to its Court of Justice the EU represents "a new legal order of international law".<ref name="Case 26/62">"Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen" (1963) Case 26/62</ref> The EU's legal foundations are the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, unanimously agreed by the governments of 28 member states. New members may join, if they agree to play by the rules of the organisation, and old members may leave according to their "own constitutional requirements". People are entitled to participate through the Parliament, and their national governments in shaping the legislation the EU makes. The Commission has the initiative for legislation, the Council of the European Union represents member state governments, the Parliament is elected by European citizens, while the Court of Justice is meant to uphold the rule of law and human rights. As the Court of Justice has said, the EU is "not merely an economic union" but is intended to "ensure social progress and seek the constant improvement of the living and working conditions of their peoples".
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Federal common law Federal common law is a term of United States law used to describe common law that is developed by the federal courts, instead of by the courts of the various states. The United States is the only country to combine the creation of common law doctrines with a complete federalism, wherein the national supreme court has virtually no power to review state court decisions to determine whether the state courts have followed state laws. The High Court of Australia is sometimes said to have federal common law, but because all state and territorial courts are directly appealable to the High Court, this is indistinguishable from a general common law. In contrast, the United States Supreme Court has effectively barred the creation of federal common law in areas traditionally under the authority of state courts. Nevertheless, there are several areas where federal common law continues to govern.
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Federal and state environmental relations In the environmental law of the United States, relationships between state and federal parties often shape environmental laws and the practical impact of those laws. In addition, environmental problems often do not have well defined boundaries and thus jurisdictional overlap complicate these matters. These complications bring into question how environmental laws are created, how these laws should be enforced, and whether the state or federal government should have the final word in specific environmental debates.
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Condominium (international law) In international law, a condominium (plural either "condominia", as in Latin, or condominiums) is a political territory (state or border area) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal "dominium" (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into 'national' zones.
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LGEEPA The General Law of Ecological Equilibrium and Environmental Protection ("Ley General del Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección al Ambiente", or "LGEEPA" in Spanish) is an important piece of Mexican environmental protection legislation passed in March 1988 that defines the framework for all environmental law in Mexico.
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Embargo against Northern Cyprus An international embargo against Northern Cyprus is currently in place in several areas. The embargo is supported by the policy of the United Nations and its application by the European Union is in line with a European Court of Justice (ECJ) decision taken in 1994.
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Military exclusion zone A military exclusion zone (MEZ) is an area in the immediate vicinity of a military action established by a country to prevent the unauthorized entry of civilian personnel/equipment for their own safety or to protect natural assets already in place in the zone. It is also established to prevent an enemy from acquiring any material which could help them. The comparable term used by the air forces is that of No-fly zone.
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Diplomatic protection In international law, diplomatic protection (or diplomatic espousal) is a means for a State to take diplomatic and other action against another State on behalf of its national whose rights and interests have been injured by the other State. Diplomatic protection, which has been confirmed in different cases of the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice, is a discretionary right of a State and may take any form that is not prohibited by international law. It can include consular action, negotiations with the other State, political and economic pressure, judicial or arbitral proceedings or other forms of peaceful dispute settlement.
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Inter se Inter se (also styled as inter sese) is a Legal Latin phrase that means "[a]mong or between themselves". The phrase is "used to distinguish rights or duties between two or more parties from their rights or duties to others." For example, "The constitutional documents of a company constitute a contract between the company and its shareholders, and between the shareholders "inter se"." In Australian constitutional law, it refers to matters concerning a dispute between the Commonwealth and one or more of the states concerning the extents of their respective powers.