Simmias of Thebes appears as a main discussion partner in a dialogue from the man who founded what?
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Simmias of Thebes Simmias of Thebes (Greek: Σιμμίας Θηβαῖος ; fl. 5th–4th century BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher, disciple of Socrates, and a friend of Cebes. In his "Memorabilia", Xenophon includes him in the inner circle of Socrates' followers. He appears in Plato's "Phaedo" as a main discussion partner of Socrates alongside Cebes, as well as "Crito", "Phaedrus", and "Epistile" "XIII".
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Plato Plato ( ; Greek: Πλάτων "Plátōn", ] in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries, Plato's entire work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years. Others believe that the oldest extant manuscript dates to around AD 895, 1100 years after Plato's death. This makes it difficult to know exactly what Plato wrote.
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Bryson of Achaea Bryson of Achaea (or Bryson the Achaean; Greek: Βρύσων ὁ Ἀχαιός , "gen".: Βρύσωνος; fl. 330 BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher.
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Thrasymachus Thrasymachus ( ; Greek: Θρασύμαχος "Thrasýmachos"; c. 459 – c. 400 BC) was a sophist of Ancient Greece best known as a character in Plato's "Republic".
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Polybius Polybius ( ; Greek: Πολύβιος , "Polýbios"; c. 200  – c. 118  BC) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic period noted for his work, "The Histories", which covered the period of 264–146 BC in detail. The work describes the rise of the Roman Republic to the status of dominance in the ancient Mediterranean world and included his eyewitness account of the Sack of Carthage in 146 BC. Polybius is important for his analysis of the mixed constitution or the separation of powers in government, which was influential on Montesquieu's "The Spirit of the Laws" and the framers of the United States Constitution.
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Gorgias (dialogue) Gorgias ( ; Greek: Γοργίας ) is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato around 380 BC. The dialogue depicts a conversation between Socrates and a small group of sophists (and other guests) at a dinner gathering. Socrates debates with the sophist seeking the true definition of rhetoric, attempting to pinpoint the essence of rhetoric and unveil the flaws of the sophistic oratory popular in Athens at the time. The art of persuasion was widely considered necessary for political and legal advantage in classical Athens, and rhetoricians promoted themselves as teachers of this fundamental skill. Some, like Gorgias, were foreigners attracted to Athens because of its reputation for intellectual and cultural sophistication. In the "Gorgias", Socrates argues that philosophy is an art, whereas rhetoric is a skill based on mere experience. To Socrates, most rhetoric is in practice merely flattery. In order to use rhetoric for good, rhetoric cannot exist alone; it must depend on philosophy to guide its morality, he argues. Socrates therefore believes that morality is not inherent in rhetoric and that without philosophy, rhetoric is simply used to persuade for personal gain. Socrates suggests that he is one of the few Athenians to practice true politics (521d).
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Romulus Romulus was the legendary founder and first king of Rome. Various traditions attribute the establishment of many of Rome's oldest legal, political, religious, and social institutions to Romulus and his contemporaries. Although many of these traditions incorporate elements of folklore, and it is unclear to what extent a historical figure underlies the mythical Romulus, the events and institutions ascribed to him were central to the narrative of Rome's origins and cultural traditions.
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Epaminondas Epaminondas ( ; Greek: Ἐπαμεινώνδας , "Epameinondas"; d. 362 BC) was a Theban general and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a pre-eminent position in Greek politics. In the process he broke Spartan military power with his victory at Leuctra and liberated the Messenian helots, a group of Peloponnesian Greeks who had been enslaved under Spartan rule for some 230 years after being defeated in the Messenian War ending in 600 BC. Epaminondas reshaped the political map of Greece, fragmented old alliances, created new ones, and supervised the construction of entire cities. He was also militarily influential and invented and implemented several major battlefield tactics.
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Cecrops I Cecrops (Ancient Greek: Κέκροψ , "Kékrops"; "gen".: Κέκροπος) was a mythical king of Athens who, according to Eusebius reigned for fifty years. The name is not of Greek origin according to Strabo, or it might mean 'face with a tail': it is said that, born from the earth itself, he had his top half shaped like a man and the bottom half in serpent or fish-tail form. He was the founder and the first king of Athens itself, though preceded in the region by the earth-born king Actaeus of Attica. Cecrops was a culture hero, teaching the Athenians marriage, reading and writing, and ceremonial burial.
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Dio Chrysostom Dio Chrysostom ( ; Greek: Δίων Χρυσόστομος "Dion Chrysostomos"), Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus (c. 40 CE – c. 115 CE), was a Greek orator, writer, philosopher and historian of the Roman Empire in the 1st century. Eighty of his "Discourses" (or "Orations"; Λόγοι ) are extant, as well as a few Letters and a funny mock essay "In Praise of Hair", as well as a few other fragments. His surname "Chrysostom" comes from the Greek "chrysostomos" (χρυσόστομος), which literally means "golden-mouthed". He should not be confused with the Roman historian Cassius Dio, nor with the 4th-century bishop John Chrysostom of Constantinople.
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Archelaus (philosopher) Archelaus ( ; Greek: Ἀρχέλαος ; fl. 5th century BCE) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, a pupil of Anaxagoras, and may have been a teacher of Socrates. He asserted that the principle of motion was the separation of hot from cold, from which he endeavoured to explain the formation of the Earth and the creation of animals and humans.
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Brutus (Cicero) Cicero's Brutus (also known as "De claris oratibus") is a history of Roman oratory. It is written in the form of a dialogue, in which Brutus and Atticus ask Cicero to describe the qualities of all the leading Roman orators up to their time. Cicero then attempts to propose a reconstruction of Roman history. It should be noted that while it is written in the form of a dialogue, the majority of the talking is done by Cicero with occasional intervention by Brutus and Atticus. The work was probably composed in 46 BC, with the purpose of defending Cicero's own oratory. He begins with an introductory section on Greek oratory of the Attic, Asianic, and Rhodian schools, before discussing Roman orators, beginning with Lucius Junius Brutus, "The Liberator", though becoming more specific from the time of Marcus Cornelius Cethegus.
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Gaius Julius Eurycles Gaius Julius Eurycles or Eurycles of Sparta (b. Sparta, fl. 1st century BCE), was "hegemon of the Lacedaemonians" Λακεδαιμονίων ἡγέμων), a benefactor of Greek cities, and founder of the family of the Euryclids.
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Hipparchus (dialogue) The Hipparchus ( ; Greek: Ἵππαρχος ), or Hipparch, is a dialogue attributed to the classical Greek philosopher and writer Plato. There is some debate as to the work's authenticity. Stylistically, the dialogue bears many similarities to the "Minos". They are the only dialogues between Socrates and a single anonymous companion; they are the only dialogues where the titles bear the name of someone long-dead; and they are the only dialogues which begin with Socrates raising a "what is" question.
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Galas In Greek mythology, Galas ( ; Greek: Γάλας) was the eponymous founder of the Gauls. He was the son of Polyphemos and Galatea and the brother of Illyrius and Keltos.
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Sosicrates Sosicrates of Rhodes (Greek: Σωσικράτης ὁ Ῥόδιος ; "floruit" "c." 180 BC) was a Greek historical writer. Sosicrates was born on the island Rhodes and is noted, chiefly, for his frequent mention by Diogenes Laërtius in his "Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers" — referencing Sosicrates as the sole authority behind such facts as Aristippus having written nothing. It is inferred that Sosicrates flourished after Hermippus and before Apollodorus of Athens, and, therefore, sometime between 200 and 128 BC. Sosicrates is claimed to have penned a "Successions of Philosophers", quoted by both Athenaeus and Diogenes Laërtius. Sosicrates also composed a work on the history of Crete — though neither of the aforementioned works have survived.
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Heliodorus (philosopher) Heliodorus (Greek: Ἡλιόδωρος ) is cited as the author of a work titled "Commentary" (dated 564 AD), which has been preserved, on the "Introduction" or "Rudiments" of Paulus Alexandrinus, the 4th century Alexandrian astrologer. The name "Heliodorus" appears only on the later of two groups of manuscripts, and so is somewhat doubtful. Leendert Westerink has argued that the commentary consists of notes of lectures, most likely given by the 6th-century philosopher and astrologer, Olympiodorus, in 564 AD. The Greek text of his commentary on Aristotle's "Nicomachean Ethics" has been published in vol. 19.2 of "Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca" (CAG).
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Cato the Younger Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis ( ; 95 BC, Rome – April 46 BC, Utica), commonly known as Cato the Younger ("Cato Minor") to distinguish him from his great-grandfather (Cato the Elder), was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy. A noted orator, he is remembered for his stubbornness and tenacity (especially in his lengthy conflict with Julius Caesar), as well as his immunity to bribes, his moral integrity, and his famous distaste for the ubiquitous corruption of the period.
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Against the Sophists Against the Sophists is among the few Isocratic speeches that have survived from Ancient Greece. This polemical text was Isocrates' attempt to define his educational doctrine and to separate himself from the multitudes of other teachers of rhetoric. Isocrates was a sophist, an identity which carried the same level of negative connotation as it does now. Many of the sophistic educators were characterized as deceitful because they were more concerned with making a profit from teaching persuasive trickery than of producing quality orators that would promote Athenian democracy. Isocrates was more concerned with the latter of these objectives and sought to separate himself from these less reputable sophistic teachers. After opening his school around 393 or 392 BC, Isocrates wrote "Against the Sophists" to clearly distinguish his teaching methods from the commonly held view of sophistic education.
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Patreus Patreus (Ancient Greek: Πατρεύς; Modern Greek: Πατρέας, "Patreas") is a mythical person, founder of the city of Patras, Greece. According to the myth, he was the son of Preugenes and ninth descendant of Lacedaemon, the founder of Sparta. Patreus was the leader of the Achaean who came from Sparta, after the renowned Dorian Invasion. The Ionians that occupied the region, since were forced to leave their settlements and refuge to Attica and Ionia on the western coast of Asia Minor. It was then that Patreus was crowned King of Aroe, one of the small city-states that lay in the region. Always according to the myth, under Patreus' reign, was unified with two other neighbouring cities, Messatis and Antheia. The new united city was named "Patras" (ancient greek: "Πάτραι"), after Patreus, its mythical founder. His tomb was shown in the city's marketplace, next to the statue of Athena.
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Sisyphus (dialogue) The Sisyphus (Greek: Σίσυφος ) is purported to be one of the dialogues of Plato. The dialogue is extant and was included in the Stephanus edition published in Geneva in 1578. It is now generally acknowledged to be spurious. The work probably dates from the fourth century BCE, and the author was presumably a pupil of Plato.
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Symposium In ancient Greece, the symposium (Greek: συμπόσιον "symposion", from συμπίνειν "sympinein", "to drink together") was a part of a banquet that took place after the meal, when drinking for pleasure was accompanied by music, dancing, recitals, or conversation. Literary works that describe or take place at a symposium include two Socratic dialogues, Plato's "Symposium" and Xenophon's "Symposium", as well as a number of Greek poems such as the elegies of Theognis of Megara. Symposia are depicted in Greek and Etruscan art that shows similar scenes.