The Daljir party developed from what tradition whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts?
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Daljir Party The Daljir Party (DP) (Somali: Xisbiga Daljir ), abbreviated "DP" in English and XD in the Somali language, is a social conservative political party in Somalia. It has developed from the tradition of Islamism, but has officially abandoned this ideology in favour of "conservative democracy". Daljir party seems to be one of the largest Somali political party and some leading members of the party were former members of the government of Sharif Sheikh Ahmed.
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Islamism Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts. The term can refer to diverse forms of social and political activism advocating that public and political life should be guided by Islamic principles, or more specifically to movements which call for full implementation of "sharia". It is commonly used interchangeably with the terms political Islam or "Islamic fundamentalism". In Western media usage the term tends to refer to groups who aim to establish a sharia-based Islamic state, often with implication of violent tactics and human rights violations, and has acquired connotations of political extremism. Islamist movements have "arguably altered the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence", redefining "politics and even borders" according to Robin Wright.
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Dalak people The Dalak are an ethnic group found mainly in western Afghanistan. Technically, the word dalak is derived from the Arabic word "dalaka" which means to rub. Their preferred self-designation is now Salmani, as the word "dalak" is seen as offensive, and the community were traditionally associated with the profession of barbering.
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Second Revolution (Bangladesh) Second Revolution (Bengali: দ্বিতীয় বিপ্লব ) was a political hypothesis presented by the founding father of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. The hypothesis included a series of reforms in the three pillars of a state: administrative, judiciary and legislative system. The reforms were generalised as the Second Revolution and were enacted through the fourth amendment of the constitution of Bangladesh. BAKSAL was formed as the decision making council to carry out the revolution.
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Shiromani Akali Dal The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD), (translation: "Supreme Akali Party") is a political party in India. There are a large number of parties with the name "Shiromani Akali Dal". The party recognised as "Shiromani Akali Dal" by the Election Commission of India is the one led by Sukhbir Singh Badal. It controls Sikh religious bodies Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee, Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee and is the largest and most influential Sikh political party worldwide. The basic philosophy of Akali Dal is to give political voice to Sikh issues and it believes that religion and politics go hand in hand.
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AJGAR AJGAR was a suggested caste alliance of the Ahir, Jat, Gujar and Rajputs castes. The theoretical alliance was first proposed by Sir Chhotu Ram, a rural leader and politician in pre-independence India. AJGAR later morphed into MAJGAR, by adding Muslims to the equation. He also included Muslims. thus propagating both AJGAR and MAJGAR theories in the 1930s.
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Vivek Kumar Vivek Kumar is an Indian sociologist and a public intellectual. At present he is professor of sociology at the Centre for the Study of Social System, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. His areas of interest include methodology of social sciences, sociology of marginalized sections, dependent and independent Dalit political leadership, sociology of Indian diaspora, sociology of South Asia, social movements, globalization and social change. Professor Kumar has coined the terms "Dalit Diaspora", Arohi mobilization, a human distress index for Dalits, and an exclusion index from a sociological point of view. He has analyzed the process and mechanism involved in strengthening the democracy by the ‘Independent Dalit Movements’ in the largest populated state of India i.e. Uttar Pradesh. Kumar has also examined how the Dalit movement has diversified its demands for inclusion in the modern institutions of governance and other spheres of day-to-day life after India became a democracy. Now, Kumar is studying internal differences within the Indian diaspora and its relationship with Indian democracy. He also writes in newspapers and participates in debates on television channels regularly.
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Dalit studies Dalit studies is a new field of research in India which looks at the problem of marginalised groups, namely Dalits, tribals, religious minorities, women from excluded groups, denotified tribes, physically challenged and similar groups in economic, social and political spheres. Dalit studies scholars also undertake research on the nature and forms of discrimination and social exclusion faced by marginalised groups.
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Indian Historical Review The Indian Historical Review is a blind peer-reviewed academic journal that aims to provide a forum in all areas of historical studies, ranging from early times to contemporary history.
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Justice Party (Iran) Justice Party (Persian: حزب عدالت‎ , "Ḥezb-e ʿEdālat " ‎ ) was a political party in Iran, led by Ali Dashti who co-founded it with other intellectuals who had participated in the politics of the early 1920s. Other prominent politicians include Jamal Emami, Ebrahim Kajanouri, Farajollah Bahrami, Jamshid Alam and Abulqassem Amini.
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Legal origins theory The legal origins theory claims that the two main legal traditions or origins, civil law and common law, crucially shape lawmaking and dispute adjudication and have not been reformed after the initial exogenous transplantation by Europeans. Therefore, they affect economic outcomes to date. According to the evidence reported by the initial proponents of such a theory, countries that received civil law would display today less secure investor rights, stricter regulation, and more inefficient governments and courts than those that inherited common law. These differences would reflect both a stronger historical emphasis of common law on private ordering and the higher adaptability of judge-made law. Recent contributions however have criticized the idea that transplanted legal institutions remained intact and have documented that indeed they evolve moved by how each country solves the trade-off between the uncertainty of judge-made law and the bias possibly injected into civil law by inefficient political institutions. Crucially, these latest studies show that considering both the endogeneity between legal traditions and the economy and the evolution of legal systems over time implies that civil law can often economically dominate common law.
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School of thought A school of thought (or intellectual tradition) is a collection or group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement.
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Tradition (journal) Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought is a quarterly Orthodox Jewish academic journal published by the Rabbinical Council of America in association with Yeshiva University in New York City. It contains essays about the history, philosophy, and practice of Orthodox Judaism.
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Historical anthropology Historical anthropology is a historiographical movement which applies methodologies and objectives from Social and Cultural Anthropology to the study of historical societies. Like most such movements, it is understood in different ways by different scholars, and to some may be synonymous with the history of mentalities, cultural history, ethnohistory, microhistory, history from below or "Alltagsgeschichte". Anthropologists whose work has been particularly inspirational to historical anthropology include Emile Durkheim, Clifford Geertz, Arnold van Gennep, Jack Goody, Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, Marcel Mauss and Victor Turner.
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Politics of Iran The politics of Iran take place in a framework of a theocracy in a format of syncretic politics that is guided by a repressive, non-secular Islamic ideology. The December 1979 constitution, and its 1989 amendment, define the political, economic, and social order of the Islamic Republic of Iran, declaring that Shia Islam of the Twelver school of thought is Iran's official religion.
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Conceptual history Conceptual history (also the history of concepts or, from German, Begriffsgeschichte) is a branch of historical and cultural studies that deals with the historical semantics of terms. It sees the etymology and the change in meaning of terms as forming a crucial basis for contemporary cultural, conceptual and linguistic understanding. Conceptual history deals with the evolution of paradigmatic ideas and value systems over time, such as "liberty" or "reform." It argues that social history – indeed all historical reflection – must begin with an understanding of historically contingent cultural values and practices in their particular contexts over time, not merely as unchanging ideologies or processes.
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Kurdistan Democratic Party The Kurdistan Democratic Party (Kurdish: , or: " " ), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is one of the main Kurdish parties in Iraqi Kurdistan. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party claims it exists to combine "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."
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Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam are academic discourses by Soviet Marxist theoreticians about Islam, its origins and development based on Historical materialism and Muslims. The central question of this discourse was how Muslim society would fit into the general development of human history. Prominent Soviet orientalists include Mikhail A. Reisner, Evgenii Beliaev, Liutsian I. Klimovich, Mikhail L. Tomara, V. Ditiakin and Sandzhar D. Asfendiarov.
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National Democratic Front (Iran) The National Democratic Front (Persian: جبهه دموکراتیک ملی‎ , "Jebha-ye demokrātīk-e mellī " ‎ ) was a liberal-left political party founded during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that overthrew shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and banned within a short time by the Islamic government. It was founded by Hedayatollah Matin-Daftari, a grandson of celebrated Iranian nationalist Mohammad Mosaddeq and a "lawyer who had been active in human rights causes" before the downfall of the shah and the son of the fourth prime minister and the jurist Ahmad Matin-Daftari. Though it was short-lived, the party has been described as one of "the three major movements of the political center" in Iran at that time, and its ouster was one of the first indications that the Islamist revolutionaries in control of the Iranian Revolution would not tolerate liberal political forces.
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History of ideas The history of ideas is a field of research in history that deals with the expression, preservation, and change of human ideas over time. The history of ideas is a sister-discipline to, or a particular approach within, intellectual history. Work in the history of ideas may involve interdisciplinary research in the history of philosophy, the history of science, or the history of literature. In Sweden, the history of ideas and science ("Idé- och lärdomshistoria") has been a distinct university subject since 6 November 1932, when Johan Nordström, a scholar of literature, was appointed professor of the new discipline in a ceremony at Uppsala University (coinciding with that commemorating the 300-year anniversary of the Battle of Lützen). Today, several universities across the world provide courses in this field, usually as part of a graduate programme.
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Judiciary of India The Indian Judiciary administers a "common law system" of legal jurisdiction, in which customs, precedents and legislation, all codify the law of the land. It has in fact, inherited the legacy of the legal system established by the then colonial powers and the princely states since the mid-19th century, and has partly retained characteristics of practices from the ancient and medieval times.
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List of Asian folk music traditions This is a list of folk music traditions, with styles, dances, instruments and other related topics. The term "folk music" can not be easily defined in a precise manner; it is used with widely varying definitions depending on the author, intended audience and context within a work. Similarly, the term "traditions" in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria. Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a "folk music tradition". This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream, primarily English-language, scholarly sources, as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works.