What revolutionary movement that sought to define a Mexican identity did this Mexican painter whose work includes "Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird" participate in?
a7f04f0f3e89ee2ae4efa20660718e6f
Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird Self-Portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird ("Autorretrato con Collar de Espinas") is a 1940 painting by Mexican painter Frida Kahlo.
77086d4509f38e365554942d76e963b5
Frida Kahlo Frida Kahlo de Rivera (] ; born Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón; July 6, 1907 – July 13, 1954) was a Mexican painter, who mostly painted self-portraits. Inspired by Mexican popular culture, she employed a naïve folk art style to explore questions of identity, postcolonialism, gender, class, and race in Mexican society. Her paintings often had strong autobiographical elements and mixed realism with fantasy. In addition to belonging to the post-revolutionary "Mexicanidad" movement, which sought to define a Mexican identity, Kahlo has been described as a Surrealist or magical realist. Her work has been celebrated internationally as emblematic of Mexican national and indigenous traditions, and by feminists for what is seen as its uncompromising depiction of the female experience and form.
5f789edc77373d2a6cb91912339ed719
Constitutionalists in the Mexican Revolution Constitutionalists, or Carrancistas were the third faction in the Mexican Revolution consisting of mainly middle-class urbanites, liberals, and intellectuals who desired a constitution under the guidelines "Mexico for Mexicans". After the revolution they would dominate Mexican politics as the PRI until the late 1970s.
4bca953e2d6f1d73948af3711d77f09d
Juan Villafuerte Juan Villafuerte (July 19, 1945 – August 15, 1977) (Juan Antonio Villafuerte Estrada) was an artist known for his transmutated drawings and paintings. Villafuerte is among the ranks of other prominent Latin American painters such as, Enrique Tábara, Aníbal Villacís, Félix Arauz, Oswaldo Guayasamin, Hernan Zuniga and Jose Carreño.
53e9ea8b4146d15ddc67c2c95d7b27fa
César Martínez (artist) César Augusto Martínez (born 1944 in Laredo, Texas) is an artist, prominent in the Chicano world of art. While studying at what was then called Texas A&I College, and later Texas A&I University, he became marginally involved in the Chicano movement for civil rights and became close friends with several of its leaders, among them, Carlos Guerra, a columnist with the San Antonio Express-News. Guerra died in 2010.
efa519eb7ab62f2660a49f293711d7ea
Teresa Urrea Teresa Urrea (often referred to as Teresita), also known as Santa Teresa (the "Saint of Cabora") to the Mayo (October 15, 1873 – January 11, 1906), was a Mexican mystic, folk healer, and revolutionary insurgent.
58ed2d8ad0bd4e192300fea394a85afe
Lilia Carrillo Lilia Carrillo (1930–1974) was a Mexican painter from the Generación de la Ruptura, which broke with the Mexican School of Painting of the early 20th century. She was trained in the traditional style but her work began to evolve away from it after studying in Paris in the 1950s. While she and husband abstract artist Manuel Felguérez struggled to get their work accepted, even selling Mexican handcrafts and folk art to survive, she eventually had her canvas work exhibited large venues in Mexico City and various cities in the world. Her work was part of the inaugural exhibition of the Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico City in 1964. After her death in 1974, her work received honors from the Palacio de Bellas Artes and has been exhibited in various venues.
b72c1c9d2e3e8efd4bbcdbe0f35e8807
Franciszek Tepa Franciszek Tomasz Tepa (17 September 1829, Lwów - 23 December 1889, Lwów) was a Polish mid-19th century realist painter who specialized in portraits and Orientalist themes. During the Revolutions of 1848 (also known as the Spring of Nations), Tepa became politically involved in the independence movement. He produced a series of portraits of Polish leaders of the November Uprising against the foreign Partitions of Poland including Joachim Lelewel, Józef Dwernicki and Józef Chłopicki among many others; and was jailed as political prisoner while in Austro-Hungarian capital of Vienna.
1494a03d4193248c003ca887278c13c4
José Luis Cuevas José Luis Cuevas (February 26, 1934 – July 3, 2017) was a Mexican artist and was one of the first to challenge the then dominant Mexican muralism movement as a prominent member of the Generación de la Ruptura (Breakaway Generation). He was a mostly self-taught artist, whose styles and influences are moored to the darker side of life, often depicting distorted figures and the debasement of humanity. He had remained a controversial figure throughout his career, not only for his often shocking images, but also for his opposition to writers and artists who he feels participate in corruption or create only for money. In 1992, the José Luis Cuevas Museum was opened in the historic center of Mexico City holding most of his work and his personal art collection.
963c4b19c72f83321dd49310355477c3
Neozapatismo Neozapatismo or Neozapatism (sometimes mislabeled as Zapatismo) is the Mexican ideology behind movements such as the Zapatista Army of National Liberation. The official anthem of Neozapatismo and the Zapatista territories is the Himno Zapatista. The ideology is based on anarchism, Mayan tradition, Marxism, the thoughts of Emiliano Zapata, and the thoughts of Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano. Neozapatismo is the ideology of the Zapatistas, who govern a small territory in Chiapas and have since the beginning of the Chiapas conflict. Neozapatismo has no official founder, but its thoughts are mainly attributed to Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano (formerly Subcomandante Marcos) and Emiliano Zapata. The Neozapatista ideology is believed to be derived largely from libertarian socialism, libertarian Marxism (including autonomism), social anarchism, anarcho-communism, anarcho-collectivism, anarcho-syndicalism, communalism, direct democracy, and radical democracy.
1e65e41958c217164778def12a294440
Margarita Robles de Mendoza Margarita Robles de Mendoza (1896-1954) was a Mexican feminist and suffragette. She was one of the most vocal proponents for Mexican women's enfranchisement during the 1930s and 1940s and often seen as controversial. She worked as a journalist and wrote books about women's citizenship and used her social position to write letters to government officials. She founded the Unión de Mujeres Americanas (UMA) (Union of American Women) to promote women's civic and political equality throughout the Americas. She led the Feminine Sector of the National Revolutionary Party (PNRSF), served as Mexico's representative on the Inter-American Commission of Women from 1930-1940, and served in the consulate office in Mexico's Foreign Service from 1941 until her retirement.
84e8c292b1c59c67521a90c2bc937eb3
The Wounded Deer The Wounded Deer ("El venado herido" in Spanish) is an oil painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo created in 1946. It is also known as "The Little Deer". Through "The Wounded Deer", Frida Kahlo shares her enduring physical and emotional suffering with her audience, as she did throughout her creative oeuvre. This painting in particular was created towards the end of Kahlo's life, when her health was in decline. Kahlo combines pre-Columbian, Buddhist, and Christian symbols to express her wide spectrum of influences and beliefs.
7c1d613e0e41392ccb6d2c06b76a086a
Juan O'Gorman Juan O'Gorman (July 6, 1905 – January 17, 1982) was a Mexican painter and architect.
dfbc85546a80b61705d2e9df8efaf448
Miguel Ramos Arizpe Don Miguel Ramos Arizpe (February 15, 1775 in Valle de San Nicolás, (near Saltillo) Coahuila – April 28, 1843 in Mexico City) was a Mexican priest and politician, and known as "the father of Mexican federalism."
4918282e9ceca4a371ab59212413939d
Leonardo Alenza Leonardo Alenza y Nieto (6 November 1807, Madrid - 30 June 1845, Madrid) was a Spanish painter and engraver in the Romantic style; associated with the Costumbrista movement.
db270789d3411d29a1096d6815b5d23f
Lola Alvarez Bravo Lola Álvarez Bravo (April 3, 1903 – July 31, 1993) was a Mexican photographer. Serving as a key figure in the post-revolution Mexican renaissance.
f979d5187f33e516733ac75a9972b274
Víctor Patricio de Landaluze Víctor Patricio de Landaluze (1828 - 8 June 1889), was a Spanish-born painter active for much of his career in Cuba. He is the best-known Cuban practitioner of "costumbrismo", depicting Cuba peasants ("guajiros"), landowners, and slaves. He taught at the Academy of San Alejandro in Havana, and served as its director. He opposed Cuban independence, an attitude reflected in his work; nevertheless his paintings provide a valuable view of nineteenth-century Cuban society. His works also depict a somewhat idealized view of plantation life.
c37865d06294329cd6f30ea424f6b697
Tomás Chávez Morado Tomás Chávez Morado (December 29, 1914 – December 21, 2001) was an artist from Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico. His career entailed making art and teaching it. He taught at public schools, the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura, and the Escuela de Artes Plásticas at the Universidad de Guanajuato, where he served as the director of the School of Visual Arts. His prominent civic installations include "El Paraguas" and the national shield carving displayed at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City as well as 260 monumental eagle head sculptures marking the route of Hidalgo the Liberator (see Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla). Civic work aside, most of Tomás’ residential-scale work focuses on themes of maternal love, romance, animals and the people of Guanajuato. According to "Mexican Life, Mexico's Monthly Review," the work of Chávez Morado "creates visions of typical life in the streets, images of people one might find in the markets, at the ferias or inside the tenement patios, with a thematic emphasis on love and the mother and child."
9ed92e84dcc49bda85fd994d76e16c83
Maderism Maderism was the first of the movements that formed the Mexican Revolution. It was led by Francisco I. Madero between 1909 and 1910.
8d0e74d2edbb3aa11469c11b08e8afae
Mexico and the Mexicans Mexico and the Mexicans (Spanish: "México y los mexicanos" ) is a 1855 monograph by , illustrated by Johann Moritz Rugendas. It is considered part of the Costumbrismo movement, because of its romanticized realist depictions of nineteenth-century Mexican country life.
1e46fe5d336a90cbd6a07af4192d16a1
Ramón Torres Méndez Ramón Torres Méndez (29 August 1809 - 16 December 1885) was a Colombian painter and lithographer considered one of the most prolific and important costumbrismo artists of the 19th Century in Colombia, best known for his genre works into everyday Colombian life documenting the costumes, occupations, and pastimes of the common people of his time.
bebf76409a1f5b588657451b58aa7f06
Chicano art movement The Chicano Art Movement represents attempts by Mexican-American artists to establish a unique artistic identity in the United States. Much of the art and the artists creating Chicano Art were heavily influenced by Chicano Movement (El Movimiento) which began in the 1960s. Chicano art was influenced by post-Mexican Revolution ideologies, pre-Columbian art, European painting techniques and Mexican-American social, political and cultural issues. The movement worked to resist and challenge dominant social norms and stereotypes for cultural autonomy and self-determination. Some issues the movement focused on were awareness of collective history and culture, restoration of land grants, and equal opportunity for social mobility. Throughout the movement and beyond, Chicanos have used art to express their cultural values, as protest or for aesthetic value. The art has evolved over time to not only illustrate current struggles and social issues, but also to continue to inform Chicano youth and unify around their culture and histories. Chicano art is not just Mexican-American artwork: it is a public forum that emphasizes otherwise "invisible" histories and people is a unique form of American art.