During an episode of mass murder and mass rape, what institution attempted to coordinate humanitarian aid effort?
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International Red Cross Committee of Nanking During the Japanese-led Nanking Massacre, the International Red Cross established a contingent in the city to coordinate the humanitarian aid effort.
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Nanking Massacre The Nanking Massacre was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing ("Nanking"), then the capital of the Republic of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The massacre is also known as the Rape of Nanking or, using Pinyin romanization, the Nanjing Massacre or Rape of Nanjing.
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Navarino massacre The Navarino massacre was one of a series of massacres that occurred following the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, which resulted in the extermination of the Turkish civilian population previously inhabiting the region .
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Serial rapist A serial rapist is a rapist who rapes more than one person over a period of time. Some serial rapists target children. The terms "sexual predator", "repeat rape" and "multiple offending" can also be used to describe the activities of those who commit a number of consecutive rapes, but remain unprosecuted when self-reported in research. Others will commit their assaults in prisons. In some instances, a group of serial rapists will work together. These rapists can have a pattern of behavior that is sometimes used to predict their activities and aid in their arrest and conviction. Serial rapists also differ from one time offenders because "serial rapists more often involved kidnapping, verbally and physically threatening the victims, and using or threatening the use of weapons."
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Vancouver Rape Relief &amp; Women's Shelter Vancouver Rape Relief & Women's Shelter is Canada's oldest rape crisis center, located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The shelter was established in 1973 and has operated a feminist transition house since 1983. It describes itself as "an independent women's group, not part of a government service or tied to the criminal justice system".
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Great Lakes refugee crisis The Great Lakes refugee crisis is the common name for the situation beginning with the exodus in April 1994 of over two million Rwandans to neighboring countries of the Great Lakes region of Africa in the aftermath of the Rwandan Genocide. Many of the refugees were Hutu ethnics fleeing the predominantly Tutsi Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which had gained control of the country at the end of the genocide. However, the humanitarian relief effort was vastly compromised by the presence among the refugees of many of the Interahamwe and government officials who carried out the genocide, who used the refugee camps as bases to launch attacks against the new government led by Paul Kagame. The camps in Zaire became particularly politicized and militarized. The knowledge that humanitarian aid was being diverted to further the aims of the genocidaires led many humanitarian organizations to withdraw their assistance. The conflict escalated until the start of the First Congo War in 1996, when RPF-supported rebels invaded Zaire and sought to repatriate the refugees.
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Genocidal rape Genocidal rape is a term used to describe the actions of a group who have carried out acts of mass rape during wartime against their perceived enemy as part of a genocidal campaign. During the Bangladesh Liberation War, the Yugoslav Wars, and the Rwandan genocide, the mass rapes that had been an integral part of those conflicts brought the concept of genocidal rape to international prominence. Although war rape has been a recurrent feature in conflicts throughout history, it has usually been looked upon as a by-product of conflict, and not an integral part of military policy.
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Islamic Relief Islamic Relief Worldwide (IRW) is an international humanitarian organisation that provides development programs and humanitarian relief around the globe, regardless of race, political affiliation, gender or belief.
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United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda was established by Security Council on 5 October 1993. It was intended to assist in the implementation of the Arusha Accords, signed August 4, 1993, which was meant to end the Rwandan Civil War. The mission lasted from October 1993 to March 1996. Its activities were meant to aid the peace process between the Hutu-dominated Rwandese government and the Tutsi-dominated rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). The UNAMIR has received much attention for its role, or lack thereof due to the limitations of its rules of engagement, in the Rwandan Genocide and outbreak of fighting. Its mandate extended past the RPF overthrow of the government and into the Great Lakes refugee crisis. The mission is thus regarded as a major failure.
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Committee against the Finnish White Terror The Committee against the Finnish White Terror (Swedish: "Kommittén mot den finska vita terrorn" ) was an organization in Sweden, formed at the end of the Finnish Civil War. The Committee mobilized political opinion against the repression against the labour movement (White Terror) and raised funds for humanitarian aid to the victims of the repression. The Committee also opposed denials of political asylum for Finnish refugees.
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Humanitarian corridor A humanitarian corridor is a type of temporary demilitarized zone intended to allow the safe transit of humanitarian aid in, and/or refugees out of a crisis region. Such a corridor can also be associated with a no-fly zone or no-drive zone. In practice "humanitarian corridors" have also been suggested as a means of supplying weapons to a besieged force.
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Famine scales Famine scales are the ways in which degrees of food security are measured, from situations in which an entire population has adequate food to full-scale famine. The word "famine" has highly emotive and political connotations and there has been extensive discussion among international relief agencies offering food aid as to its exact definition. For example, in 1998, although a full-scale famine had developed in southern Sudan, a disproportionate amount of donor food resources went to the Kosovo War. This ambiguity about whether or not a famine is occurring, and the lack of commonly agreed upon criteria by which to differentiate food insecurity has prompted renewed interest in offering precise definitions. As different levels of food insecurity demand different types of response, there have been various methods of famine measurement proposed to help agencies determine the appropriate response.
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Rape during the Syrian Civil War During the Syrian civil war, there have been severe human rights violations, including rape which has been used as a
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Role of France in the Rwandan Genocide The role of France in the Rwandan Genocide of 1994 has been a source of controversy and debate both within and beyond France and Rwanda. France actively supported the Hutu-led government of Juvénal Habyarimana against the Tutsi-dominated Rwandan Patriotic Front, which since 1990 had been engaged in a conflict intended to restore the rights of Rwandan Tutsis both within Rwanda and exiled in neighboring countries following over four decades of anti-Tutsi violence. France provided arms and military training to Habyarimana's youth militias, the "Interahamwe" and "Impuzamugambi", which were among the government's primary means of operationalizing the genocide following the assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira on April 6, 1994.
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Humanitarian intervention Humanitarian Intervention has been defined as a state's use of "military force (publicly stated that its use is for ending the violation of human rights) against another state." This definition may be too narrow as it precludes non-military forms of intervention such as humanitarian aid and international sanctions. On this broader understanding, "Humanitarian intervention should be understood to encompass… non-forcible methods, namely intervention undertaken without military force to alleviate mass human suffering within sovereign borders."
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No More Victims No More Victims, Inc., founded in 2002, is a 501(c)(3) program that helps students and adults alike who have been raped, sexually assaulted, harassed, or beaten. The program had started with former parole officer, Marilyn Gambrell, who became a teacher to help several students who had been sexually harassed, raped, or beaten. in 2005, the story became a made-for-tv movie called starring Jami Gertz. Since the program was founded it has helped over two-thousand high school students to graduate from high school and attend college. This organization was founded at M. B. Smiley High School in Houston, TX.
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Kampala wedding massacre The Kampala wedding massacre was a mass murder that occurred at a wedding party in the Naguru neighborhood of Kampala, Uganda on June 26, 1994. The perpetrator, Richard Komakech, shot and killed 26 people at the party before he was apprehended and subsequently killed in revenge.
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Murder of Oksana Makar The murder of Oksana Makar took place in March 2012 in Ukraine, garnering extensive media coverage both at home and abroad and leading to mass protests. Oksana Makar, aged 18, was attacked by three men in the city of Mykolaiv on 8 March 2012: she was raped, strangled, set alight and left to die, though she survived another three weeks after being taken to hospital. Her case became a cause célèbre in Ukraine when only one of the attackers was charged by the police. The other two, whose parents were reported to be former government officials, were released on police bail, allegedly because of personal connections of their parents They were later rearrested after a public outcry and mass protests on 13 March. Protests demanding justice, to gather funds and encourage blood donations continued after the arrest as well.
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1992 Tatarstan shooting The 1992 Tatarstan shooting was a mass murder which occurred in Tatarstan, Russia, on 26 April 1992.
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Pro-Femmes Twese Hamwe Pro-Femmes Twese Hamwe is a national women's organization in Rwanda founded in 1992 that is recognized internationally for its contributions to rebuilding society after the 1994 Rwandan genocide. These women took on the role of reconstructing what had been damaged. In order to restore Rwanda the women created projects to improve the economy, establish peace, and offer new opportunities. The 13 women that started this organization were determined to speak out for injustices, especially against women, so they became a voice for change. The genocide incident caused great destruction; however, since 1994 the organization has grown to include 58 member associations. These women work hard to make the changes and help the minorities grow and develop.
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Damascus affair The Damascus affair of 1840 refers to the arrest of thirteen notable members of the Jewish community of Damascus who were accused of murdering a Christian monk for ritual purposes. The anti-semitic blood libel resulted in the accused being imprisoned and tortured by the Ottoman authorities and the populace attacking and pillaging a local synagogue. The affair drew widespread international attention which resulted in negotiations conducted in Alexandria from August 4 till August 28. The aftermath secured the unconditional release and recognition of innocence for the nine prisoners remaining alive and the issuing of a firman (edict) intended to halt the spread of blood libel accusations in the Ottoman Empire.
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Lynching Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. It is an extreme form of informal group social control such as "charivari," skimmington, riding the rail, and tarring and feathering, but with a drift towards the display of a public spectacle. It is to be considered an act of terrorism and punishable by law. Instances of it can be found in societies long antedating European settlement of North America.