What diplomat, who died on Christmas Day in 1635, executed Jean Duval for leading a conspiracy against him?
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Criminal Justice in New France Criminal justice in New France was integral to the successful establishment of a French colonial system in North America. New France was no stranger to criminal activity from its very roots. In 1608, shortly after the founding of Quebec, Samuel de Champlain executed Jean Duval for allegedly leading a conspiracy against him. By 1636, the citizens of Québec began to be charged for crimes such as blasphemy, drunkenness and failing to attend Mass. As New France progressed, its legal institutions became more advanced. Promulgated across the France and the French Empire in 1670, the Criminal Ordinance of 1670 provided a foundation for New France's criminal procedures and punishments.
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Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain (] born Samuel Champlain; on or before August 13, 1574 – December 25, 1635), "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He founded New France and Quebec City on July 3, 1608. He is important to Canadian history because he made the first accurate map of the coast and he helped establish the settlements.
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Jean Bilhères de Lagraulas Jean Bilhères de Lagraulas or Jean Villier de la Grolaie, or Groslaye etc., also called the Cardinal of Saint-Denis (died 1499), was a French Roman Catholic abbot, bishop and from 1493 cardinal. He died as French ambassador in Rome, and is remembered for commissioning Michelangelo in 1498 to sculpt his "Pietà" for St. Peter's Basilica.
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Guillaume Bautru Guillaume Bautru, comte de Serrant (1588, Angers – 7 March 1665, Paris) was a French satirical poet, court favourite and a protégé and diplomatic agent of cardinal Richelieu.
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Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy Francis Hyacinth (Italian: "Francesco Giacinto" ; 14 September 1632 – 4 October 1638) was the Duke of Savoy from 1637 to 1638 under regency of his mother Christine Marie.
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Jean-Baptiste Colbert Jean-Baptiste Colbert (] ; 29 August 1619 – 6 September 1683) was a French politician who served as the Minister of Finances of France from 1665 to 1683 under the rule of King Louis XIV. His relentless hard work and thrift made him an esteemed minister. He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from the brink of bankruptcy. Historians note that, despite Colbert's efforts, France actually became increasingly impoverished because of the King's excessive spending on wars. Colbert worked to create a favourable balance of trade and increase France's colonial holdings.
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Juan de Jáuregui (assassin) Juan de Jáuregui (1562 – March 18, 1582) was killed trying to assassinate Prince William I of Orange. He was a Biscayan by his birth in Bilbao.
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Anne Jean Marie René Savary Anne Jean Marie René Savary, 1st Duke of Rovigo (26 April 17742 June 1833) was a French general and diplomat.
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Charles-François d'Iberville Charles-François d'Iberville, "marquis de La Bonde" (1653 - 1723) was a French aristocrat and diplomat.
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Anthony van Diemen Anthony van Diemen (also "Antonie", "Antonio", "Anton", "Antonius") (1593 – 19 April 1645) was a Dutch colonial governor.
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Christophe de Thou Christophe de Thou (1508 – 1 November 1582) was an eminent French advocate, and the First President of the Parliament of Paris.
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David McLane (merchant) David McLane (c. 1767 – July 21, 1797) was a merchant from Providence, Rhode Island. He was hanged at Quebec City as a French spy by the British authorities.
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Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Nemours Charles Emmanuel de Savoie, 3rd Duc de Nemours (12 February 156713 August 1595) was the son of Jacques of Savoy and Anne of Este, the widow of Francis, Duke of Guise. As a child he was known as the prince of Genevois. He was the Duke of Nemours from 1585 to his death in 1595, during the French Wars of Religion.
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Claude Maltret Claude Maltret (October 3, 1621 – January 3, 1674) was a French Jesuit.
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1635 in France Events from the year 1635 in France.
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Jacques Chausson Jacques Chausson (c. 1618 – 29 December 1661) was a French ex-customs manager and writer. He was arrested on 16 August 1661 and charged with attempted rape of a young nobleman, Octave des Valons. He was convicted of sodomy and sentenced to death. His tongue was cut out and he was burned at the stake (without being suffocated first, the more common and "merciful" practice).
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Pierre Jurieu Pierre Jurieu (24 December 1637 – 11 January 1713) was a French Protestant leader.
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Antoine de Paule Fra' Antoine de Paule (c. 1551 – 1636) was elected as the 56th Grand Master of the Order of Malta on 10 March 1623 and he died in Malta on 9 June 1636. He died 85 years old after a long illness. His epitaph notes him as a leader who both was loved and loved his subjects. It is said that he made more resources available to the Order, and in that way strengthened it. He also made an effort out of fortifying the ramparts that the Order had set up for defense. However, he was not without his enemies; some of which presented a memorial to the pope Urban VIII describing de Paule as "a man of loose life and conversation", "guilty of simony", and as having "bought his dignity with money". Antoine de Paule sent a delegate to the Vatican, who dealt with these scrupulous rumors.
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Michel de Marillac Michel de Marillac was Minister of Justice in 1626. He was appointed Superintendent of Finances on 27 August 1624, with Jean Bochart. His advice to Cardinal Richelieu advocated conservative policies abroad and limited involvement in northern Italy during the War of the Mantuan Succession, while France was occupied with suppressing Huguenots at home and countering Habsburg influence in the drawn-out Bourbon-Habsburg wars that were not resolved until 1659. His main concern was encouraging economic growth, as a balance to the threats posed by popular unrest in France and the resistance to new forms of taxation to support the war. His key proposals reforming the legal administration were embodied in the Code Michau, published in 1629, which synthesised in 430 article headings texts adopted by the États-général of 1614 and the Assemblies of Notables, 1617–26, embracing every aspect of government.
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Philippe Guerrier Jean-Jacques Louis Philippe Guerrier (December 19, 1757 – April 15, 1845) was a career officer and general in the Haitian Army who became President of Haïti on May 3, 1844. He died in office on April 15, 1845.
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Henri II de Montmorency Henri II de Montmorency (30 April 1595 – 30 October 1632) was a French nobleman and military commander.
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Jean-Baptiste d'Ornano Jean-Baptiste d'Ornano, Marquis de (1581-1626) was a French nobleman and Marshal of France (1626).