Panthera youngi is known from Choukoutien, northeastern China and Japan, and lived about 350,000 years ago in the Pleistocene epoch, Harington, 1969 suggested that the American lion, the Eurasian cave lion and the large Chinese "Panthera youngi" are conspecific, The American lion ("Panthera leo atrox" or "P. atrox" ) – also known as the North American lion, Naegele’s giant jaguar or American cave lion – is an extinct lion of the family Felidae, endemic to which location during the Pleistocene epoch?
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Panthera youngi Panthera youngi is known from Choukoutien, northeastern China and Japan, and lived about 350,000 years ago in the Pleistocene epoch. Fossils found in Japan were originally regarded to belong to those of tigers, but being discovered later that at least some belong to lions. Harington, 1969 suggested that the American lion, the Eurasian cave lion and the large Chinese "Panthera youngi" are conspecific.
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American lion The American lion ("Panthera leo atrox" or "P. atrox" ) – also known as the North American lion, Naegele’s giant jaguar or American cave lion – is an extinct lion of the family Felidae, endemic to North America during the Pleistocene epoch (340,000 to 11,000 years ago), existing for about 0.33 million years. It has been shown by genetic analysis to be a sister lineage to the Eurasian cave lion ("Panthera leo spelaea" or "P. spelaea"). It was part of the abundant Pleistocene megafauna, a wide variety of very large mammals that lived at the time. The most abundant remains have come from the La Brea Tar Pits.
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Temnocyoninae The Temnocyoninae are an extinct subfamily of medium-sized carnivorous mammals within the family Amphicyonidae endemic to North America that lived during the Oligocene to Early Miocene about 30.3—20.6 million years ago (Mya) existing around 30.3-20.6 million years.
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Megaloceros Megaloceros (from Greek: μεγαλος, megalos + κερας, keras, literally "Great Horn"; see also Lister [1987]) is an extinct genus of deer whose members lived throughout Eurasia from the late Pliocene to the Late Pleistocene and were important herbivores during the Ice Ages. The largest species, "Megaloceros giganteus", vernacularly known as the "Irish Elk" or "Giant elk", is also the best known.
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Thylacoleonidae Thylacoleonidae is a family of extinct meat-eating marsupials from Australia, referred to as marsupial lions. The best known is "Thylacoleo carnifex", also called the marsupial lion. The clade ranged from the Late Oligocene to the Pleistocene, with some species the size of a possum and others as large as a leopard. The discovery of a new small sized species indicates a higher ecological diversity than previously thought.
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Neoplagiaulax Neoplagiaulax is a mammal genus from the Paleocene of Europe and North America. In the case of the latter continent, there may possibly be some slightly earlier, Upper Cretaceous material too. It existed in the age immediately following the extinction of the last dinosaurs. This animal was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata, lying within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Neoplagiaulacidae.
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Pratifelis martini Pratifelis martini is an extinct feline species that lived in North America during the late Miocene period. A jawbone from the animal was discovered by H. T. Martin in Wallace County, Kansas in 1911, and paleontologist Claude W. Hibbard documented it as a new species.
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Pleistocene megafauna Pleistocene megafauna is the set of large animals that lived on Earth during the Pleistocene epoch and became extinct during the Quaternary extinction event. Megafauna is a term used to describe an animal with an adult body weight of over 44 kg (97 lbs).
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Cave bear The cave bear ("Ursus spelaeus") was a species of bear that lived in Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene and became extinct about 24,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Maximum.
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Philotrox Philotrox is an extinct genus of bone crushing omnivorous mammal similar to a dog of the family Canidae which inhabited North America during the Oligocene living from 30.8—26.3 Ma and existed for approximately .
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Canis rufus rufus Canis rufus var. "rufus" (formerly Canis rufus rufus) or the Texas red wolf, distinct from the extinct Texas (gray) wolf († "Canis lupus monstrabilis") is a type of red wolf that lived in Texas. As the Texas red wolf is no longer considered a red wolf "Canis rufus" subspecies, though it was formerly considered to be "Canis rufus rufus" (which according to taxonomic conventions tends to indicate it as a probably type subspecies for the "Canis rufus" species), and it has been given no forma taxon below the species level, the Texas red wolf would now be considered a type, kind, or variety of the species, perhaps "Canis rufus" var. "rufus".
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Nubian lion The Nubian lion ("Panthera leo leo") was described in 1843 by the French zoologist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville under the trinomen "Felis leo nubicus". In 1939, it was considered synonymous with "Felis leo leo".
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Pantanal jaguar The Pantanal jaguar was proposed as the largest subspecies of jaguar, with the taxonomic name "Panthera onca palustris" , native to the Pantanal of South America, besides Argentina, before later research failed to find evidence for different subspecies of jaguar. Besides Brazil, the Pantanal forms part of Bolivia and Paraguay, the namesake countries of "Panthera onca boliviensis" and "Panthera onca paraguensis".
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Cave lion Cave lions are large extinct carnivorous felids that are classified either as subspecies of the lion ("Panthera leo") or as distinct but closely related species, depending on the authority.
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Strepsirrhini Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini ( ; ) is a suborder of primates that includes the lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Madagascar, galagos ("bushbabies") and pottos from Africa, and the lorises from India and southeast Asia. Collectively they are referred to as strepsirrhines. Also belonging to the suborder are the extinct adapiform primates, a diverse and widespread group that thrived during the Eocene (56 to 34 million years ago <nowiki>[</nowiki>mya<nowiki>]</nowiki>) in Europe, North America, and Asia, but disappeared from most of the Northern Hemisphere as the climate cooled; the last of the adapiforms died out at the end of the Miocene (~7 mya). Adapiforms are sometimes referred to as being "lemur-like", although the diversity of both lemurs and adapiforms does not support this comparison. The two leading taxonomic classifications for the suborder divide living strepsirrhine primates into either two superfamilies (Lemuroidea and Lorisoidea) within the infraorder Lemuriformes or two infraorders, Lemuriformes and Lorisiformes. The suborder represents a related group, and replaced the widely used and now obsolete suborder Prosimii ("prosimians"), which included strepsirrhines and tarsiers, a grouping based primarily on shared anatomical traits. Today, Strepsirrhini excludes the tarsiers, which are now grouped in the other major primate suborder, Haplorhini, along with the monkeys and apes (simians or anthropoids). Strepsirrhines are often inappropriately referred to as "living fossils". Instead, they have evolved for millions of years under natural selection, and have diversified to fill many ecological niches. Some of their traits may be derived from ancestral primates, while others are unique to strepsirrhines.
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Pleistocene coyote The Pleistocene coyote ("Canis latrans orcutti"), also known as the Ice Age coyote, was a subspecies of coyote that lived in western North America during the Late Pleistocene. Most remains of the subspecies have been found in southern California, though at least one was discovered in Idaho. It was part of a carnivore guild that included other canids like foxes, gray wolves, and dire wolves.
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Pinniped Pinnipeds ( ) (from Latin "pinna" "fin" and "pes, pedis" "foot"), commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals. They comprise the extant families Odobenidae (whose only living member is the walrus), Otariidae (the eared seals: sea lions and fur seals), and Phocidae (the earless seals, or true seals). There are 33 extant species of pinnipeds, and more than 50 extinct species have been described from fossils. While seals were historically thought to have descended from two ancestral lines, molecular evidence supports them as a monophyletic lineage (descended from one ancestral line). Pinnipeds belong to the order Carnivora and their closest living relatives are bears and musteloids (weasels, raccoons, skunks, and red pandas), having diverged about 50 million years ago.
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Cave lynx The cave lynx or Mediterranean cave lynx ("Lynx spelaeus" or "Lynx pardinus spelaeus") is an extinct felid species that lived during the Pleistocene. It is controversially discussed to be a subspecies of the modern Iberian lynx ("Lynx pardinus") and to be a junior synonym of this species.
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Osbornodon iamonensis Osbornodon iamonensis is an extinct species of bone-crushing Hesperocyoninae, a predecessor of modern dogs that were endemic to North America and which lived from the Orellan age of the Early Oligocene to Early Miocene epoch 23.6—16.3 Ma and existed for approximately .
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Panthera hybrid It is known that four of the five species of the "Panthera" genus, the exception being the snow leopard, "P. uncia", can hybridize with each other to produce numerous hybrids. Most hybrids would not survive in the wild due to the males being infertile, but a few (such as the Leopon) are fertile and have a chance of survival in the wild. However, recent mitochondrial genome research by Texas A&M University geneticist William Murphy et al. reveals that wild hybrids did also occur in ancient times. In snow leopards and lions, the mitochondrial genomes of both species was more similar to each other than to other Panthera species, indicating that at some point in their history, the female progeny of the male ancestors of modern snow leopards and female ancestors of modern lions interbred with male ancestors of modern snow leopards.
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Ictiocyon Ictiocyon is an extinct genus of large, mostly carnivorous bone-crushing mammals known as bear dogs, of the family Amphicyonidae endemic to Asia during the Miocene living from 23.03—15.97 Ma and existed for approximately .
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Panthera onca hernandesii Panthera onca hernandesii was proposed as a subspecies of jaguar, native to Mexico and the United States, before later research failed to find evidence for it. In 1939, due to lack of evidence, Reginald Innes Pocock accepted that other proposed subspecies, "Panthera onca arizonensis", "Panthera onca centralis", "Panthera onca goldmani", and "Panthera onca veraecrucis", were the same subspecies as "Panthera onca hernandesii". Therefore, the taxonomic name "Panthera onca hernandesii" referred to a geographic group, if not subspecies, of jaguars, from the United States and Mexico in the north, Central America in the middle, and Colombia in the south.