Also known as spirit of nider, what reacts with proteins to form yellow products?
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Xanthoproteic acid Xanthoproteic acid is a noncrystallizable yellow substance derived from proteins upon treatment with nitric acid. Nitric acid reacts with proteins to form yellow nitrated products. This reaction is known as the xanthoproteic reaction. This test is carried out by adding concentrated nitric acid to the substance being tested, and then heating the mixture. If proteins are present that contains amino acids with aromatic rings, the mixture turns yellow. Upon adding a strong base such as liquid ammonia, the color turns orange. These color changes are caused by nitrated aromatic rings in the protein. The xanthoproteic test is specific for aromatic compounds such as tyrosine, tryptophan and phenyalanine.
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Nitric acid Nitric acid (HNO), also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid.
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Heptasulfur imide Heptasulfur imide is the inorganic compound with the formula SNH. It is a pale yellow solid that is, like elemental sulfur, highly soluble in carbon disulfide. The compound, which is only of academic interest, is representative of a family of sulfur imides S(NH).
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Arylide yellow Arylide yellow, also known as Hansa yellow and monoazo yellow, are a family of organic compounds used as pigments. They are primarily used as industrial colorants including plastics, building paints and inks. They are also used in artistic oil paints, acrylics and watercolors. These pigments are usually semi-transparent yellows and yellow-greens. Related organic pigments are the diarylide pigments. Overall, these pigments have partially displaced the toxic cadmium yellow in the marketplace. Painters such as Alexander Calder and Jackson Pollock are known to have employed arylide yellow in their artworks.
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2-Naphthol 2-Naphthol, or β-naphthol, is a fluorescent colorless (or occasionally yellow) crystalline solid with the formula CHOH. It is an isomer of 1-naphthol, differing by the location of the hydroxyl group on the naphthalene ring. The naphthols are naphthalene homologues of phenol, but more reactive. Both isomers are soluble in simple alcohols, ethers, and chloroform. 2-Naphthol is a widely used intermediate for the production of dyes and other compounds.
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Zinc chromate Zinc chromate, ZnCrO, is a chemical compound containing the chromate anion, appearing as odorless yellow powder or yellow-green crystals, but, when used for coatings, pigments are often added. It is used industrially in chromate conversion coatings, having been developed by the Ford Motor Company in the 1920s.
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2-Methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride 2-Methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride is a condensing agent also known as the Shiina reagent, having a structure wherein carboxylic acids undergo intermolecular dehydration condensation.
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2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, also known as TCP, phenaclor, Dowicide 2S, Dowcide 2S, omal, is a chlorinated phenol that has been used as a fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, antiseptic, defoliant, and glue preservative. It is a clear to yellowish crystalline solid with a strong, phenolic odor. It decomposes on heating to produce toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and chlorine.
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Ammonium sulfide Ammonium sulfide, also known as diammonium sulfide, is an unstable salt with the formula (NH)S. Aqueous solutions purporting to contain this salt are commercially available. With a p"K" exceeding 15, the hydrosulfide ion cannot be deprotonated to an appreciable amount by ammonia. Thus, such solutions mainly consist of a mixture of ammonia and (NH)SH. Ammonium sulfide solutions are used occasionally in photographic developing, to apply patina to bronze, and in textile manufacturing. Also, due to its offensive smell, it is the active ingredient in a variety of foul pranks including the common stink bomb.
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Martius yellow Martius yellow is a compound with formula
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Molisch's test Molisch's test (named after Austrian botanist Hans Molisch) is a sensitive chemical test for the presence of carbohydrates, based on the dehydration of the carbohydrate by sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to produce an aldehyde, which condenses with two molecules of phenol (usually α-naphthol, though other phenols (e.g. resorcinol, thymol) also give colored products), resulting in a red- or purple-colored compound.
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Potassium phthalimide Potassium phthalimide is a chemical compound of formula CHKNO. It is commercially available, and usually presents as fluffy, very pale yellow crystals. It is the potassium salt of phthalimide. If desired, it may be prepared by adding a hot solution of phthalimide to a solution of potassium hydroxide; the desired product precipitates.
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Alizarin Alizarin or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (also known as Mordant Red 11 and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula C14H8O4 that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics. Historically it was derived from the roots of plants of the madder genus. In 1869, it became the first natural pigment to be duplicated synthetically.
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N-Cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone "N"-Cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone or CHP is a yellow to colorless liquid. It has a low vapor pressure, and is nearly odorless. It has a low solubility in water, but is soluble in a variety of organic solvents.
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Phosphorus pentasulfide Phosphorus pentasulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula PS or dimer PS. This yellow solid is the one of two phosphorus sulfides of commercial value. Samples often appear greenish-gray due to impurities. It is soluble in carbon disulfide but reacts with many other solvents such as alcohols, DMSO, and DMF.
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Pink slime "Pink slime" (a derogatory term for lean finely textured beef or LFTB, finely textured beef, and boneless lean beef trimmings or BLBT) is a meat by-product used as a food additive to ground beef and beef-based processed meats, as a filler, or to reduce the overall fat content of ground beef. In the production process, heat and centrifuges remove fat from the meat in beef trimmings. The resulting paste is exposed to ammonia gas or citric acid to kill bacteria. In 2001, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) approved the product for limited human consumption. LFTB prepared using ammonia gas is banned for human consumption in Canada and the European Union.
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Hydrazine Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula N2H4 (also written H2NNH2 ), archaically called diamidogen. A simple pnictogen hydride, it is a colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour. Hydrazine is highly toxic and dangerously unstable unless handled in solution. , approximately 120,000 tons of hydrazine hydrate (corresponding to a 64% solution of hydrazine in water by weight) were manufactured worldwide per year. Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but significant applications also include its uses as a precursor to polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in air bags. Hydrazine is used within both nuclear and conventional electrical power plant steam cycles as an oxygen scavenger to control concentrations of dissolved oxygen in an effort to reduce corrosion. Anhydrous hydrazine is corrosive towards glass, in a manner similar to hydrofluoric acid.
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Picene Picene is a hydrocarbon found in the pitchy residue obtained in the distillation of peat tar and of petroleum. This is distilled to dryness and the distillate repeatedly recrystallized from cymene. It may be synthetically prepared by the action of anhydrous aluminium chloride on a mixture of naphthalene and 1,2-dibromoethane, or by distilling a-dinaphthostilbene. It crystallizes in large colorless plates which possess a blue fluorescence. It is soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid with a green color. Chromic acid in glacial acetic acid solution oxidizes it to picene-quinone, picene-quinone carboxylic acid, and finally to phthalic acid.
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Amino acid-based formula Amino acid-based formula, also known as an elemental formula, is a type of hypoallergenic infant formula made from individual amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and together they form the protein requirements in formula needed for growth and development. The amino acids are in the simplest form, making it easy for the body to process and digest. "Neocate", "EleCare" and "Nutramigen Puramino" are the more commonly encountered brands of amino acid-based formula in the US.
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Phenylpropiolic acid Phenylpropiolic acid, CHCCCOH, formed by the action of alcoholic potash on cinnamic acid dibromide, CHCHBrCHBrCOH, crystallizes in long needles or prisms which melt at 136–137 °C. When heated with water to 120 °C, it yields phenylacetylene (CHCCH). Chromic acid oxidizes it to benzoic acid; zinc and acetic acid reduce it to cinnamic acid, CHCH=CHCOH, whilst sodium amalgam reduces it to hydrocinnamic acid, CHCHCHCOH. Ortho-nitrophenylpropiolic acid, NOCHCCCOH, prepared by the action of alcoholic potash on ortho-nitrocinnamic acid dibromide, crystallizes in needles which decompose when heated to 155–156 °C. It is readily converted into indigo.
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Fusel alcohol Fusel alcohols or fuselol, also sometimes called fusel oils in Europe, are a mixture of several alcohols (chiefly amyl alcohol) produced as a by-product of alcoholic fermentation. The word "fusel" is German for "bad liquor".
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Dansyl chloride Dansyl chloride or 5-(DimethylAmino)Naphthalene-1-SulfonYL chloride is a reagent that reacts with primary amino groups in both aliphatic and aromatic amines to produce stable blue- or blue-green–fluorescent sulfonamide adducts. It can also be made to react with secondary amines. Dansyl chloride is widely used to modify amino acids; specifically, protein sequencing and amino acid analysis.