How did Ludwig Prandtl suggest the condition known as the Prandtl Condition?
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Prandtl condition The Prandtl condition was suggested by the German physicist Ludwig Prandtl to identify possible boundary layer separation points of incompressible flows.
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Ludwig Prandtl Ludwig Prandtl (4 February 1875 – 15 August 1953) was a German engineer. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used for underlying the science of aerodynamics, which have come to form the basis of the applied science of aeronautical engineering. In the 1920s he developed the mathematical basis for the fundamental principles of subsonic aerodynamics in particular; and in general up to and including transonic velocities. His studies identified the boundary layer, thin-airfoils, and lifting-line theories. The Prandtl number was named after him.
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Prandtl number The Prandtl number (Pr) or Prandtl group is a dimensionless number, named after the German physicist Ludwig Prandtl, defined as the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity. That is, the Prandtl number is given as:
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Alois Alzheimer Aloysius Alzheimer ( ; ] ; 14 June 1864 – 19 December 1915), known as Alois Alzheimer, was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist and a colleague of Emil Kraepelin. Alzheimer is credited with identifying the first published case of "presenile dementia", which Kraepelin would later identify as Alzheimer's disease.
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Martin Bernhardt Martin Bernhardt (April 10, 1844 – March 17, 1915) was a noted German neuropathologist.
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Jakob Klaesi Jakob Klaesi-Blumer (May 29, 1883 – August 17, 1980) was a Swiss psychiatrist most notable for his contributions to the sleep therapy and his phenomenological analysis of expression.
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Frederick William Pavy Frederick William Pavy (29 May 1829 – 19 September 1911) was a British physician and physiologist and the discoverer of Pavy's disease, a cyclic or recurrent physiologic albuminuria.
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Emanuel Mendel Emanuel Mendel (October 28, 1839 – June 23, 1907) was a German neurologist and psychiatrist who was a university professor (from 1884 an associate professor) and director of a polyclinic in Berlin. He was born in Bunzlau, Lower Silesia; (today known as Bolesławiec, Poland).
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Wilhelm Wundt Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology." In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other topics. He also formed the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien (from 1881 to 1902), set up to publish the Institute's research.
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Nikolaus Friedreich Nikolaus Friedreich (July 1, 1825 in Würzburg – 6 July 1882 in Heidelberg) was a German pathologist and neurologist, and a third generation physician in the Friedreich family. His father was psychiatrist Johann Baptist Friedreich (1796–1862), and his grandfather was pathologist Nicolaus Anton Friedreich (1761–1836), who is remembered for his early description of idiopathic facial paralysis, which would later be known as Bell's palsy.
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Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer Pfeiffer is remembered for his many fundamental discoveries in immunology and bacteriology, particularly for the phenomenon of bacteriolysis. In 1894 he found that live cholera bacteria could be injected without ill effects into guinea pigs previously immunised against cholera, and that blood plasma from these animals added to live cholera bacteria caused them to become motionless and to lyse. This could be inhibited by previously heating the blood plasma. He called this bacteriolysis and it became known as the Pfeiffer Phenomenon, or Isayev-Pfeiffer phenomenon.
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Jürgen Aschoff Jürgen Walther Ludwig Aschoff (January 25, 1913 – October 12, 1998) was a German physician, biologist and behavioral physiologist. Together with Erwin Bünning and Colin Pittendrigh, he is considered to be a co-founder of the field of chronobiology.
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Prandtl–Meyer function Prandtl–Meyer function describes the angle through which a flow can turn isentropically for the given initial and final Mach number. It is the maximum angle through which a sonic (M = 1) flow can be turned around a convex corner. For an ideal gas, it is expressed as follows,
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Primrose syndrome Primrose syndrome is a rare, slowly progressive genetic disorder that can vary symptomatically between individual cases, but is generally characterised by ossification of the external ears, learning difficulties, and facial abnormalities. It was first described in 1982 in Scotland's Royal National Larbert Institution by Dr D.A.A. Primrose.
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Idiopathic postprandial syndrome Idiopathic postprandial syndrome, colloquially but incorrectly known by some as hypoglycemia, describes a collection of clinical signs and symptoms similar to medical hypoglycemia but without the demonstrably low blood glucose levels which characterise said condition.
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Carl Bergmann (anatomist) Carl Georg Lucas Christian Bergmann (18 May 1814 – 30 April 1865) was a German anatomist, physiologist and biologist who developed the Bergmann's rule.
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Pronator drift In medicine, pronator drift (also known as pyramidal drift) refers to a pathologic sign seen during a neurological examination. Jean Alexandre Barré is credited with having first described it; thus it is sometimes known as the Barré test or sign. A positive result indicates spasticity. This sign can appear due to an upper motor neuron lesion or various other conditions (including inborn errors of metabolism) which include spasticity as a symptom.
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Psychogenesis of Mental Disease Psychogenesis of Mental Disease is Volume 3 in "The Collected Works of C. G. Jung", a series of books published by Princeton University Press in the U.S. and Routledge & Kegan Paul in the U.K. It was edited and translated from German by Sir Herbert Read, R.F.C. Hull and Gerhard Adler. The book shows the development of Jung's thoughts about the nature of mental illness, and established him as a pioneer and scientific contributor to psychiatry. It contains "On the Psychology of Dementia Praecox" (1907), which Abraham Brill described as "indispensable for every student of psychiatry". Also included are nine other papers in psychiatry, from "The Content of the Psychoses," (1908), to two papers from 1956 and 1958, discussing Jung's conclusions after long experience in the psychotherapy of schizophrenia.
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Urban–Rogers–Meyer syndrome Urban–Rogers–Meyer syndrome, also known as Prader–Willi habitus, osteopenia, and camptodactyly or Urban syndrome, is an extremely rare inherited congenital disorder first described by Urban et al. (1979). It is characterized by genital anomalies, mental retardation, obesity, contractures of fingers, and osteoporosis, though further complications are known.
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Louis Adolphus Duhring Louis Adolphus Duhring (December 23, 1845, Philadelphia – May 8, 1913, Philadelphia) was an American physician and professor of dermatology at the University of Pennsylvania. He is best remembered for having delineated dermatitis herpetiformis (also known as Duhring's disease); but he also described pruritus hiemalis ("winter itch"), and seborrheic dermatitis.
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Incontinentia pigmenti Incontinentia pigmenti (IP, also known as "Bloch–Siemens syndrome", "Bloch–Sulzberger disease", "Bloch–Sulzberger syndrome" "melanoblastosis cutis", and "nevus pigmentosus systematicus") is a genetic disorder that affects the skin, hair, teeth, nails, and central nervous system. It is named due to its microscopic appearance.
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Christian von Ehrenfels Christian von Ehrenfels (also "Maria Christian Julius Leopold Freiherr von Ehrenfels"; 20 June 1859 – 8 September 1932) was an Austrian philosopher, and is known as one of the founders and precursors of Gestalt psychology.