What rank did both Siegfried Westphal and Albert Kesselring achieve in the German armed forces during World War II?
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Siegfried Westphal Siegfried Westphal (18 March 1902 – 2 July 1982) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He served as operations officer under Rommel and chief of staff under Kesselring and Rundstedt. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
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Albert Kesselring Albert Kesselring (30 November 1885 – 16 July 1960) was a German "Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall" during World War II. In a military career that spanned both World Wars, Kesselring became one of Nazi Germany's most skilful commanders, and one of the most highly decorated, being one of 27 soldiers awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds. Nicknamed "Smiling Albert" by the Allies and "Uncle Albert" by his troops, he was one of the most popular generals of World War II with the rank and file.
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Josef Kammhuber Josef Kammhuber (August 19, 1896 – January 25, 1986) was a career officer in the Luftwaffe and post-World War II German Air Force. During World War II, he was the first general of night fighters in the Luftwaffe.
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Unterfeldwebel Unterfeldwebel (lit. "Under Field Sergeant") Was a rank of the East German National People's Army from 1956 to 1990. It was also used in the armed forces of Nazi Germany, the Wehrmacht, from 1935 until 1945, when Nazi Germany was defeated in The Second World War. The equivalent to "Unterfeldwebel" in the Bundeswehr of West Germany and later the Federal Republic of Germany is the rank Stabsunteroffizier (OR-5).
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Wilhelm Keitel Wilhelm Keitel (22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal who served as Chief of the Armed Forces High Command ("Oberkommando der Wehrmacht" or OKW) in Nazi Germany during World War II. According to David Stahel, Keitel was "well known and [...] reviled as Hitler's dependable mouthpiece and habitual yes-man" among his military colleagues.
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Gustav Anton von Wietersheim Gustav Anton von Wietersheim (11 February 1884 – 25 April 1974) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He led the XIV Motorized Corps (after 21 June 1942, XIV Panzer Corps) from its creation in 1938 until 14 September 1942 during the Battle of Stalingrad.
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General (Germany) General (] ) is the highest rank of the German Army and German Air Force. As a four-star rank it is the equivalent to the rank of admiral in the German Navy.
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Johannes Bäßler Johannes Bäßler (3 May 1892 – 9 November 1944) was a German officer in the "Wehrmacht" during World War II who also served in the army of Imperial Germany during World War I. During World War II, he commanded two panzer divisions on the Eastern Front. He later commanded the 242nd Infantry Division which was stationed in the south of France. Having been promoted to "generalleutnant" (lieutenant general) in February 1944, he died from wounds received during the Battle of Toulon.
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XXXXVIII Panzer Corps XXXXVIII Panzer Corps (also: XXXXVIII Army Corps or XXXXVIII. "Armeekorps") , was a corps-level formation of the German Army which saw extensive action on both the eastern and western fronts during World War II.
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SS-Stabsscharführer SS-Stabsscharführer was a non-commissioned officer title which was used by the Waffen-SS between the years of 1938 to 1945. "SS-Stabsscharführer" was not an actual SS rank, but rather a positional title held by the senior SS-NCO of a company, battalion, or regiment. Typically, those holding the position of "Stabsscharführer" ranked "SS-Oberscharführer" (OR-6) or "SS-Hauptscharführer" (OR-7) above.
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Wilhelm Westphal Wilhelm Heinrich Westphal (3 March 1882, in Hamburg – 5 June 1978, in Berlin) was a German physicist. From 1918, he was a professor at the University of Berlin. During the period 1922 to 1924, he was also an expert adviser to the Prussian Ministry of Science, Arts and Culture. From 1928, he was simultaneously a professor at the University of Berlin and the Technical University of Berlin. His position at the former ended when it fell in the Russian sector at the close of World War II, but he achieved emeritus status at the latter in 1955.
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Ferdinand Schaal Ferdinand Schaal (7 February 1889 – 9 October 1962) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He commanded the 10th Panzer Division in the 1939 Invasion of Poland and directed the successful Siege of Calais in 1940. Later, he became involved in the unsuccessful 20 July plot against Adolf Hitler and the implementation of Operation Walküre that was to follow. For this, he was imprisoned until the end of the war.
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Leutnant Leutnant (] ; OF-1b) is the lowest Lieutenant officer rank in the armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), Austrian Armed Forces, and military of Switzerland.
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Wolfsschlucht II "Führerhauptquartier" Wolfsschlucht II (English: "Wolf Canyon") or W2 was the codename used for one of Adolf Hitler's World War II Western Front military headquarters located in Margival, 10 km northeast of Soissons in the department of Aisne in France. It was one of many other Führer Headquarters throughout Europe but was used only one time by Adolf Hitler, June 16 and 17, 1944 for a meeting with Field Marshals Rommel and von Rundstedt about the Normandy Front.
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Gerhard Schmidhuber Gerhard Schmidhuber (9 April 1894 – 11 February 1945) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. Schmidhuber was commanding officer of the 13th Panzer Division during World War II. When the Germans occupied Hungary in 1944, Schmidhuber was supreme commander of German army forces in that country. In that capacity, he had extensive dealings with the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg and after being threatened that he will be treated as a war criminal, prevented the liquidation of the Jewish ghetto. Schmidhuber was killed in action in the Battle of Budapest.
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Oberst Oberst (] ) is a military rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, and Norway. The Swedish rank "överste" is a direct translation, as are the Finnish rank "eversti" and the Icelandic rank "ofursti". In the Netherlands the rank "overste" is used as a synonym for a lieutenant colonel.
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Josef Diefenthal Josef Diefenthal (5 October 1915 – 13 April 2001) was a mid-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS of Nazi Germany and a war criminal during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 5 February 1945 for his actions during the Ardennes Offensive, while in command of the 3rd Battalion, 2nd SS Panzer Grenadier Regiment, SS Division Leibstandarte.
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Panzer division The term "panzer division" (German: "Panzerdivision" ) as commonly used in English language refers almost exclusively to the armored (tank) division in the army branch of the Wehrmacht and of Nazi Germany during World War II. The panzer divisions were the key element of German success in the Blitzkrieg operations of the early years of the war. Later the Waffen-SS formed panzer divisions, and even the Luftwaffe fielded a panzer division, the Herman Goring Division. The term "Panzerdivision" is still used in today's Army of the Bundeswehr (for example 1. Panzerdivision). In German speaking countries the term is not immediately associated with the Wehrmacht as it is in English speaking nations, as the word simply means 'armored division' and has no additional connotation.
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Heinrich Baron von Behr Heinrich von Behr (26 June [O.S. 13 June] 1902 – 14 August 1983) was a German general during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany. Behr surrendered to the British troops in April 1945 and was held until 1947. He later served in the Bundeswehr of West Germany, retiring in 1962 at the rank of a general.
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Arthur Hauffe Arthur Hauffe (20 December 1892 – 22 July 1944) was a German general during World War II and commanded the XIII Army Corps. He was recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
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Artur Phleps Artur Gustav Martin Phleps (29 November 1881 – 21 September 1944) was an Austro-Hungarian, Romanian and German army officer who held the rank of "SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS" (lieutenant general) in the "Waffen-SS" during World War II. An Austro-Hungarian Army officer before and during World War I, he specialised in mountain warfare and logistics, and had been promoted to "Oberstleutnant" (lieutenant colonel) by the end of the war. During the interwar period he joined the Romanian Army, reaching the rank of "General-locotenent" (major general), and also became an adviser to King Carol. After he spoke out against the government, he was sidelined and asked to be dismissed from the army.
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Kurt Pflugbeil Kurt Leopold Pflugbeil (9 May 1890 – 31 May 1955) was a German general (General der Flieger) in the Luftwaffe during World War II who commanded 4th Air Corps and Luftflotte 1. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.