Who founded the One country, two systems used by the Government of Macau?
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Government of Macau The Government of the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (; Portuguese: Governo da R.A.E. de Macau; conventional short name Macau Government, 澳門政府, Governo de Macau), are headed by secretariats or commissioners and report directly to the Chief Executive of Macau. The affairs of the Government are decided by secretaries, who are appointed by the Chief Executive and endorsed by the Central People's Government (CPG) in Beijing. As a special administrative region of the PRC, Macau has a high degree of autonomy, in light of the "One Country, Two Systems" policy. The Macau Government, financially independent from the CPG, oversees the affairs of Macau.
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One country, two systems "One country, two systems" is a constitutional principle formulated by Deng Xiaoping, the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC), for the reunification of China during the early 1980s. He suggested that there would be only one China, but distinct Chinese regions such as Hong Kong and Macau could retain their own capitalist economic and political systems, while the rest of China uses the socialist system. Under the principle, each of the two regions could continue to have its own political system, legal, economic and financial affairs, including external relations with foreign countries.
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Macau Post Daily The Macau Post Daily () (sometimes abbreviated to MPD) was launched on August 27, 2004, and is Macau's oldest and highest paid-circulation English-language daily newspaper.
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President of the Republic of China The President of the Republic of China () is the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC) and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. The ROC was founded in 1912 in China. However, after the ROC lost control of mainland China, the government of the Republic of China relocated to Taiwan in the late 1940s. The existing office of President was created in 1948 under the 1947 Constitution of the Republic of China. The first president under the constitution was Chiang Kai-shek. Tsai Ing-wen succeeded Ma Ying-jeou on 20 May 2016 as the first female president in the nation's history.
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Democratic Leftwing Republican Party The Democratic Leftwing Republican Party (Portuguese: "Partido Republicano Esquerdista Democrático" , PRED) was a political party in Portugal, led by José Domingues dos Santos (a former Prime Minister). It was founded in 1925 by leftwing dissidents of the Portuguese Republican Party. The party won seven parliamentary seats in the November 1925 election. The party existed for about two years.
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Francisco Macías Nguema Francisco Macías Nguema (born Mez-m Ngueme; Africanised to Masie Nguema Biyogo Ñegue Ndong) (1 January 1924 – 29 September 1979) was the first President of Equatorial Guinea, from 1968 until his overthrow in 1979.
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Association for Promoting the Economy of Macau The Association for Promoting the Economy of Macau ("Associação Promotora para a Economia de Macau") is a political party in the Macau Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Macau is an entity in which political parties don't play a role. Though some civic groups put forward lists at the elections.
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Estado Novo (Portugal) The Estado Novo (] , "New State"), or the Second Republic, was the corporatist authoritarian regime installed in Portugal in 1933, often considered to be fascist. It evolved from the "Ditadura Nacional" formed after the "coup d'état" of 28 May 1926 against the democratic and unstable First Republic. Together, the "Ditadura Nacional" and "Estado Novo" are recognized as the Second Portuguese Republic. The "Estado Novo", greatly inspired by conservative and authoritarian ideologies, was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, chairman of Portugal from 1932 to 1968, when he fell ill and was replaced by Marcello Caetano.
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Religion in Macau Religion in Macau is represented predominantly by Chinese folk religions and Buddhism. During the period in which the city was under Portuguese rule (1557–1999) the Catholic Church became one of the dominant faiths, but nowadays it has greatly declined.
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Communist Party of China The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China . The Communist Party of China is the sole governing party of China; although it coexists alongside eight other legal parties that make up the United Front, these parties hold no real power or independence from the CPC. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. the communist party grew quickly, and by 1949 the CPC had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, thus leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It also controls the world's largest armed force, the People's Liberation Army.
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Bai Zhijian Bai Zhijian (; November 1948) is the current chairman of the National People's Congress Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee, and former director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macau Special Administrative Region. He served as head of that office from July 2002 to January 2014. He has also served as a member of the 16th and 17th Central Committees of the Communist Party of China.
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Governor of Macau The Governor of Macau (Portuguese: "Governador de Macau" ; ) was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major (Portuguese: "Capitão-mor" ). The post was replaced on 20 December 1999 upon the transfer of the sovereignty of Macau to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of Macau.
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Zhou Yongjun incident The Zhou Yongjun incident was a political controversy which involved the rendition of Zhou Yongjun (周勇军), a former student activist during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, by the Hong Kong authorities to the People's Republic of China. Zhou attempted to enter Hong Kong from the United States "via" Macau using a forged Malaysian passport. Zhou's supporters alleged the renditioning to be illegal, and his lawyer, Democratic Party chairman Albert Ho, described Zhou's case as "posing the biggest challenge to the one country, two systems principle laid down in the Basic Law." The Government of Hong Kong refused to comment on individual cases, and the People's Republic of China said Zhou was detained on several charges, including one of financial fraud.
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Lu Ping Lu Ping (Chinese: 魯平; 27 September 1927 – 3 May 2015) was a Chinese politician and diplomat. He served as Head of the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. He is best known as China's delegation head and main representative during negotiations for the transfer of sovereignties of Hong Kong and Macau from Britain and Portugal to the PRC and labelled the last governor of Hong Kong Chris Patten as "Sinner of a Thousand Years" () for his unilateral electoral reform proposals.
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Mainland Affairs Council The Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) is a cabinet-level administrative agency under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. The MAC is responsible for the planning, development, and implementation of policies between the Republic of China on Taiwan and the People's Republic of China which administers mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau. The MAC counterpart body by the PRC is the Taiwan Affairs Office. Both states officially claim each other's territory, however the Republic of China controls only Taiwan and surrounding islands, and therefore is usually known as "Taiwan", sometimes referred to as the "Free Area" of the Republic of China by the Constitution of the Republic of China. The People's Republic of China controls mainland China as well as Hong Kong, Macau, Hainan, and other islands and is therefore usually known simply as "China".
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Zhang Xiaoming Zhang Xiaoming (born September 1963) is a Chinese politician currently serving as the Director of the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office . From 2012 to 2017, he was the Director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong. He is an alternate member of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
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Federalism in Malaysia Federalism in Malaysia dates back to the establishment of the Federated Malay States in Peninsular Malaysia, then known as Malaya. Federalism in Malaysia took a more concrete form with the establishment of the Federation of Malaya. The merger of Malaya with Singapore, North Borneo (now Sabah) and Sarawak further complicated the situation. As of 2008, although Malaysia is a "de jure" federation, many perceive it as a "de facto" unitary state. Some suggest that opposition triumphs in several of the 2008 state elections will alter the political climate and approach towards federalism.
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One-China policy The One-China policy is the policy or view that there is only one state called "China", despite the existence of two governments that claim to be "China". As a policy, this means that countries seeking diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC, Mainland China) must break official relations with the Republic of China (ROC, Taiwan) and vice versa.
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City University of Macau City University of Macau (CityU; , Portuguese: "Universidade da Cidade de Macau" ) is a private university in Macau, China. Formerly named as Asia International Open University (Macau). The university offers numerous doctorate, master, bachelor's degree programmes and pre-university study courses.
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Tripartisme Tripartisme (] ) was the mode of government in France from 1944 to 1947, when the country was ruled by a three-party alliance of communists, socialists and Christian democrats, represented by the French Communist Party (PCF), the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the Popular Republican Movement (MRP), respectively. The official charter of "tripartisme" was signed on 23 January 1946, following the resignation of Charles de Gaulle, who opposed the draft of the constitution. The draft envisioned a parliamentary system, whereas de Gaulle favored a presidential system.
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Pro-democracy camp (Hong Kong) The pro-democracy camp or pan-democracy camp (Chinese: 民主派 or 泛民主派) refers to a political alignment that supports increased democracy, namely the universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council as given by the Basic Law under the "One Country, Two Systems" framework.
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Legal system of Macau Macau law is broadly based on Portuguese law, and therefore part of the civil law tradition of continental European legal systems. Portuguese law is itself highly influenced by German law. However, many other influences are present, including Chinese law, Italian law, and some narrow aspects of common law.