Works of Theon of Smyrna were strongly influenced by Pythagoras, the Greek philosopher and mathematician known for what?
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Theon of Smyrna Theon of Smyrna (Greek: Θέων ο Σμυρναίος "Theon o Smyrneos", "gen." Θέωνος "Theonos"; fl. 100 CE) was a Greek philosopher and mathematician, whose works were strongly influenced by the Pythagorean school of thought. His surviving "On Mathematics Useful for the Understanding of Plato" is an introductory survey of Greek mathematics.
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Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos ( ; ; Greek: Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος  "Pythagóras ho Sámios"  "Pythagoras the Samian" , or simply Πυθαγόρας ; Πυθαγόρης in Ionian Greek; 495 BC ) was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and putative founder of the Pythagoreanism movement. He is often revered as a great mathematician and scientist and is best known for the Pythagorean theorem which bears his name.
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On Floating Bodies On Floating Bodies (Greek: Περὶ τῶν ἐπιπλεόντων σωμάτων ) is a Greek-language work consisting of two books written by Archimedes of Syracuse (287 – c. 212 BC), one of the most important mathematicians, physicists, and engineers of antiquity. "On Floating Bodies", which is thought to have been written around 250 BC, survives only partly in Greek, the rest in medieval Latin translation from the Greek. It is the first known work on hydrostatics, of which Archimedes is recognized as the founder.
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Pythagorean Pythagorean, meaning of or pertaining to the ancient Ionian mathematician, philosopher, and music theorist Pythagoras, may refer to:
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Xenocrates Xenocrates ( ; Greek: Ξενοκράτης ; c. 396/5314/3 BC ) of Chalcedon was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and leader (scholarch) of the Platonic Academy from 339/8 to 314/3 BC. His teachings followed those of Plato, which he attempted to define more closely, often with mathematical elements. He distinguished three forms of being: the sensible, the intelligible, and a third compounded of the two, to which correspond respectively, sense, intellect and opinion. Unity and duality he considered to be gods which rule the universe, and the soul is a self-moving number. God pervades all things, and there are daemonical powers, intermediate between the divine and the mortal, which consist in conditions of the soul. He held that mathematical objects and the Platonic Ideas are identical, unlike Plato who distinguished them. In ethics, he taught that virtue produces happiness, but that external goods can minister to it and enable it to effect its purpose.
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Sophonias (commentator) Sophonias (Greek: Σοφονίας ; 13th–14th century) was a Byzantine monk who wrote commentaries or paraphrases of the works of Aristotle including "De Anima", "Sophistici Elenchi", "Prior Analytics", and the "Parva Naturalia", which are still extant.
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Eurytus (Pythagorean) Eurytus ( ; Greek: Εὔρυτος ; fl. 400 BC), was an eminent Pythagorean philosopher who Iamblichus in one passage describes as a native of Croton, while in another, he enumerates him among the Tarentine Pythagoreans. He was a disciple of Philolaus, and Diogenes Laërtius mentions him among the teachers of Plato, though this statement is very doubtful. It is uncertain whether Eurytus was the author of any work, unless we suppose that the fragment in Stobaeus, which is there ascribed to one Eurytus, belongs to this Eurytus.
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Theodorus of Cyrene Theodorus of Cyrene (Greek: Θεόδωρος ὁ Κυρηναῖος ) was an ancient Libyan Greek and lived during the 5th century BC. The only first-hand accounts of him that survive are in three of Plato's dialogues: the "Theaetetus", the "Sophist", and the "Statesman". In the former dialogue, he posits a mathematical theorem now known as the Spiral of Theodorus.
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Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri (Persian: حکیم ایرانشهری‎ ‎ ) was a 9th-century Persian philosopher, mathematician, natural scientist, historian of religion, astronomer and author. According to traditional sources, he is the first figure in the wider Muslim world to be associated with philosophy after the advent of Islam.
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Metaphysics (Aristotle) Metaphysics (Greek: τὰ μετὰ τὰ φυσικά; Latin: "Metaphysica") is one of the principal works of Aristotle and the first major work of the branch of philosophy with the same name. The principal subject is "being qua being," or being insofar as it is being. It examines what can be asserted about any being insofar as it is and not because of any special qualities it has. Also covered are different kinds of causation, form and matter, the existence of mathematical objects, and a prime-mover God.
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Hippasus Hippasus of Metapontum ( ; Greek: Ἵππασος ὁ Μεταποντῖνος , "Híppasos"; fl. 5th century BC), was a Pythagorean philosopher. Little is known about his life or his beliefs, but he is sometimes credited with the discovery of the existence of irrational numbers. The discovery of irrational numbers is said to have been shocking to the Pythagoreans, and Hippasus is supposed to have drowned at sea, apparently as a punishment from the gods for divulging this. However, the few ancient sources which describe this story either do not mention Hippasus by name (e.g. Pappus) or alternatively tell that Hippasus drowned because he revealed how to construct a dodecahedron inside a sphere. The discovery of irrationality is not specifically ascribed to Hippasus by any ancient writer. Some modern scholars though have suggested that he discovered the irrationality of √2, which is believed to have been discovered around the time that he lived.
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Early life of Plato Plato (Ancient Greek: Πλάτων , "Plátōn", "wide, broad-shouldered"; c. 428/427 – c. 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, the second of the trio of ancient Greeks including Socrates and Aristotle said to have laid the philosophical foundations of Western culture.
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Marinus of Tyre Marinus of Tyre (Greek: Μαρῖνος ὁ Τύριος , "Marînos o Týrios";  70–130) was a Greek or Hellenized geographer, cartographer and mathematician, who founded mathematical geography and provided the underpinnings of Claudius Ptolemy's influential "Geography".
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Pyrrho Pyrrho ( ; Greek: Πύρρων "Pyrrōn", c. 360 BC – c. 270 BC), was a Greek philosopher of Classical antiquity and is credited as being the first Greek skeptic philosopher.
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Data (Euclid) Data (Greek: Δεδομένα, "Dedomena") is a work by Euclid. It deals with the nature and implications of "given" information in geometrical problems. The subject matter is closely related to the first four books of Euclid's "Elements".
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Archelaus (philosopher) Archelaus ( ; Greek: Ἀρχέλαος ; fl. 5th century BCE) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, a pupil of Anaxagoras, and may have been a teacher of Socrates. He asserted that the principle of motion was the separation of hot from cold, from which he endeavoured to explain the formation of the Earth and the creation of animals and humans.
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Euclid's Elements The Elements (Ancient Greek: Στοιχεῖα "Stoicheia") is a mathematical treatise consisting of 13 books attributed to the ancient Greek mathematician Euclid in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt c. 300 BC. It is a collection of definitions, postulates, propositions (theorems and constructions), and mathematical proofs of the propositions. The books cover plane and solid Euclidean geometry, elementary number theory, and incommensurable lines. "Elements" is the oldest extant large-scale deductive treatment of mathematics. It has proven instrumental in the development of logic and modern science, and its logical rigor was not surpassed until the 19th century.
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Phintys Phintys was a Pythagorean philosopher, probably from the third century BC. She wrote a work on the correct behaviour of women, two extracts of which are preserved by Stobaeus.
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Nicoteles of Cyrene Nicoteles of Cyrene (Greek: Νικοτέλης ὁ Κυρηναῖος ) (c. 250 BCE) was a Greek mathematician from Cyrene.
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Leon (mathematician) Leon (Greek: Λέων ) was Ancient Greek mathematician and pupil of Neocleides. His book "Elements" was overshadowed by Euclid's work of the same name.
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On the Universe De mundo (Greek: Περὶ Κόσμου ), known in English as On the Universe, is the work of an unknown author who wrote under the name of Aristotle. Because of this, the author is referred to as a Pseudo-Aristotle. The date of the work is uncertain; it has been argued that it was composed before 250 BC or between 350 and 200 BC. It is found under the Bekker numbers 391–401. It should not be confused with "On the Heavens".
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Andronicus of Rhodes Andronicus of Rhodes (Greek: Ἀνδρόνικος ὁ Ῥόδιος , "Andrónikos ho Rhódios"; Latin: "Andronicus Rhodius" ;  BC) was a Greek philosopher from Rhodes who was also the scholarch (head) of the Peripatetic school. He is most famous for publishing a new edition of the works of Aristotle that forms the basis of the texts that survive today.