What was Johann Ernst Plamann's pupil, the future German chancellor, Duke of?
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Johann Ernst Plamann Johann Ernst Plamann (22 June 1771, Repzin3 September 1834, Berlin) was a German child educator. He based his work on the ideas of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn. Among his pupils was future German chancellor Otto von Bismarck.
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Otto von Bismarck Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (] ), was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890. In the 1860s, he engineered a series of wars that unified the German states, deliberately excluding Austria, into a powerful German Empire under Prussian leadership. With that accomplished by 1871, he skillfully used balance of power diplomacy to maintain Germany's position in a Europe which, despite many disputes and war scares, remained at peace. For historian Eric Hobsbawm, it was Bismarck who "remained undisputed world champion at the game of multilateral diplomatic chess for almost twenty years after 1871, [and] devoted himself exclusively, and successfully, to maintaining peace between the powers". However, his annexation of Alsace-Lorraine gave new fuel to French nationalism and promoted Germanophobia in France. This helped set the stage for the First World War.
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House of Bismarck The House of Bismarck is a German noble family that rose to prominence in the 19th-century, largely through the achievements of the statesman Otto von Bismarck. He was granted the hereditary title of Prince of Bismarck in 1871, a hereditary comital title in 1865 and a ducal title, Duke of Lauenburg, held only for his own lifetime. Several of Otto's descendants, notably his son Herbert, Prince of Bismarck, were also politicians.
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John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony John Frederick II of Saxony (8 January 1529 – 19 May 1595), was Duke of Saxony (1554–1556).
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Johann Adolf of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg Johann Adolf of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (18 May 1721, Gotha – 29 April 1799, Friedrichstanneck, now a district of Eisenberg, Thuringia), was a German prince of the House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and a Saxon lieutenant general.
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John William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg Johann Wilhelm of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (German: "Johann Wilhelm, Herzog zu Kleve, Jülich und Berg" ) (28 May 1562 – 25 March 1609) was a Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.
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Princess Maria Amalia of Saxony Maria Amalia of Saxony (26 September 1757 – 20 April 1831) was a daughter of Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony and his wife Maria Antonia Walpurgis of Bavaria. She became the Duchess of Zweibrücken by her 1774 marriage to Charles II August, Duke of Zweibrücken.
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St. John's Church, Plön St. John's Church (German: "Johanniskirche" ) in the north German town of Plön was built in 1685 when Plön's new town, Neustadt, was developed by Duke John Adolphus as an independent parish church.
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Johann Cothmann Johann Cothmann (1588 in Lemgo - 1661, Güstrow) was a German jurist and diplomat. He was also a member of the Fruitbearing Society. Cothmann was the son of Lemgo mayor Dietrich Cothmann. His brother was later mecklenburgian chancellor Ernst Cothmann (1557-1624).
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Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg Philipp Friedrich Alexander, Fürst zu Eulenburg und Hertefeld, Graf von Sandels (12 February 1847 – 17 September 1921) was a diplomat and composer of Imperial Germany who achieved considerable influence as the closest friend of Wilhelm II. He was the central member of the so-called Liebenberg Circle, a group of artistically minded German aristocrats within Wilhelm's entourage. Eulenburg played an important role in the rise of Bernhard von Bülow, but fell from power in 1907 due to the Harden–Eulenburg affair when he was accused of homosexuality.
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Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (German: "Ernst August I"; 19 April 1688 – 19 January 1748), was a duke of Saxe-Weimar and, from 1741, of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.
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Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar ("Johann Maria Wilhelm") (Weimar, 22 May 1570 – Weimar, 18 July 1605), was a Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Jena.
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Francis Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg Francis Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1530–1559) was the Prince of Lüneburg from 1555 to 1559. He was the son of Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.
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Max Reger Johann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger (19 March 187311 May 1916), commonly known as Max Reger, was a German composer, pianist, organist, conductor, and academic teacher. He worked as a concert pianist, as a musical director at the Leipzig University Church, as a professor at the Royal Conservatory in Leipzig, and as a music director at the court of Duke Georg II of Saxe-Meiningen.
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Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg Francis II of Saxe-Lauenburg (Ratzeburg, 10 August 1547 – 2 July 1619, Lauenburg upon Elbe), was the third son of Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sybille of Saxe-Freiberg (Freiberg, 2 May 1515 – 18 July 1592, Buxtehude), daughter of Duke Henry IV "the Pious" of Saxony. From 1581 on he ruled Saxe-Lauenburg as duke.
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Free State of Anhalt The Free State of Anhalt (German: "Freistaat Anhalt" ) was formed after Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt abdicated on 12 November 1918, ending the Duchy of Anhalt. It was a state of Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic. In May 1932 the Nazi Party came to power in Anhalt and, after the Nazis attained power at the federal level in 1933, Anhalt was abolished "de facto" by the federal Nazi government, becoming part of the Gau of Magdeburg-Anhalt.
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Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (24 October 173910 April 1807), was a German princess and composer. She became the duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, by marriage, and was also regent of the states of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach from 1758 to 1775. She transformed her court and its surrounding into the most influential cultural center of Germany.
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Oskar Hergt Oskar Gustav Rudolf Hergt (born 22 October 1869, Naumburg, died 9 May 1967, Göttingen) was a German nationalist politician, who served simultaneously as Minister of Justice and vice-chancellor from 28 January 1927 to 12 June 1928. Hergt attended the prestigious Domgymnasium Naumburg before reading law at Würzburg, Munich and Berlin. He worked as a Gerichtsassessor in Saxony, and also as a judge in Liebenwerda. Hergt held various senior offices at the Prussian Ministry of Finance from 1904 to 1914. Previously a member of the FKP, which was dissolved after the First World War, Hergt was a founding member of the right-wing monarchist DNVP and the first party chairman. First elected to the Reichstag in 1920, he was seen as one of the more moderate members of the party, and his support for the Dawes Plan in 1924 was seen as a betrayal of the party's line and led to his replacement with the more hardline conservative Kuno von Westarp. As vice-chancellor, Hergt was the most senior DNVP politician in Wilhelm Marx's coalition government, but after losing the DNVP's leadership election in October 1928 to Alfred Hugenberg, he became an increasingly minor figure in the radicalised DNVP. After the rise of the Nazi Party, Hergt retired from politics.
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Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg Ernst Wilhelm Friedrich Carl Maximilian, 7th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (13 September 1863, Langenburg, Württemberg – 11 December 1950, Langenburg, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany), was a German aristocrat and Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. He served as the Regent of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha during the minority of his wife’s cousin, Duke Charles Edward, from 1900 to 1905.
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Johannes Brenz Johann (Johannes) Brenz (24 June 1499 – 11 September 1570) was a German theologian and the Protestant Reformer of the Duchy of Württemberg.
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Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia Albert Frederick (German: "Albrecht Friedrich" , Polish: "Albrecht Fryderyk" ; 7 May 1553, in Königsberg – 28 August 1618, in Fischhausen, Rybaki) was Duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death. He was a son of Albert of Prussia and Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He was the second and last Prussian duke of the Ansbach branch of the Hohenzollern family.
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Friedrich Gottfried Abel Friedrich Gottfried Abel (8 July 1714 – 23 November 1794) was a German physician, the son of historian Caspar Abel. He was assessor of the college of physicians, member of the literary society at Halberstadt, and master of St. John's school in that city.