Who developed the prototype pacemaker used by the 34th President of the USA?
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R Adams Cowley R Adams Cowley (July 25, 1917 – October 27, 1991), the "Father of Trauma Medicine," was an American surgeon considered a pioneer in emergency medicine and the treatment of shock trauma. He was the founder of the United States's first trauma center at the University of Maryland, in 1958, after the US Army awarded Dr. Cowley $100,000 to study shock in people—the first award of its kind in the United States. The trauma unit at first consisted of two beds, and was later expanded to four beds. Many people called the four-bed unit the "death lab." Cowley was the creator of the "Golden Hour" concept, the period of 60 minutes or less following injury when immediate definitive care is crucial to a trauma patient's survival. He was a leader in the use of helicopters for medical evacuations of civilians, beginning in 1969, and founded the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. He also founded the nation's first statewide EMS system, called MIEMSS by Executive Order of Maryland's Governor Mandel, 1972, as well as the National Study Center for Trauma and EMS, enacted by Congress in 1986 and signed into law by President Ronald Reagan. He is also known for being one of the first surgeons to perform open-heart surgery and invented both a surgical clamp that bears his name and a prototype pacemaker that was used by Dwight D. Eisenhower.
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Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower ( ; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American politician and Army general who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961. During World War II, he was a five-star general in the United States Army and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45 from the Western Front.
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Otis Bowen Otis Ray Bowen (February 26, 1918 – May 4, 2013) was a U.S. politician and physician. He served as the 44th Governor of Indiana from 1973 to 1981 and as Secretary of Health and Human Services from 1985 to 1989.
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Travis Marcus Travis Marcus (born 1990) is the first child in the world to receive a heart transplant after the implementation of the DeBakey miniature heart pump, invented by 96-yr.-old cardiac surgeon, Michael DeBakey. Travis received the heart pump at Arkansas Children's Hospital in September 2004. The device enabled him to stay alive until a donor heart became available. In November, a heart was found in Houston, Texas and Travis's doctor, Dr. Jonathan Drummond-Webb, personally flew there to harvest the organ himself. Travis received his new heart on November 11, 2004. He was determined to make it home in time for Christmas and so he did. He left the hospital on Thursday, December 23, 2004.
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Walter Pritchard Walter Herbert Pritchard (April 14, 1910, Hancock, New York – August 31, 1982) was an American track and field Olympian and cardiologist. He is credited with the first defibrillator procedure to restart a human heart.
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Paul Elbridge Wright Paul Elbridge Wright (June 24, 1931 - June 4, 2017) was a retired business executive, registered professional engineer and inventor. While working in the Advanced Technology Laboratory (ATL) of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), he was instrumental in developing semiconductor devices for thermoelectric cooling and electrical generation on spacecraft, improving early night vision technology, and semi-conductor amplifiers for communication satellites. Later, he served as Senior Vice President of the RCA Corporation, Chairman and C.O.O. of Fairchild Industries, and Chairman of Chrysler Technologies.
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John Alexander Hopps John Alexander "Jack" Hopps, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (May 21, 1919 – November 24, 1998) was one of the pioneers of the artificial pacemaker and the founder of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society (CMBES) who have called him the "Father of biomedical engineering in Canada".
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Earl Bakken Earl E. Bakken (born January 10, 1924 in Hennepin County, Minnesota) is an American engineer, businessman and philanthropist of Dutch and Norwegian American ancestry. He founded Medtronic, where he developed the first external, battery-operated, transistorized, wearable artificial pacemaker in 1957.
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Ray Lyman Wilbur Ray Lyman Wilbur (April 13, 1875 – June 26, 1949) was an American medical doctor who served as the third president of Stanford University and was the 31st United States Secretary of the Interior.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( , his own pronunciation, or ; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections and emerged as a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century. He directed the United States government during most of the Great Depression and World War II. As a dominant leader of his party, he built the New Deal Coalition, realigning American politics into the Fifth Party System and defining American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century. He is often rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents, along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln.
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Anton Cermak Anton Joseph "Tony" Cermak (Czech: Antonín Josef Čermák , ] ; May 9, 1873 – March 6, 1933) was an American politician who served as the 34th mayor of Chicago, Illinois from April 7, 1931 until his death on March 6, 1933 from complications of an assassination attempt nearly a month earlier.
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Bragg-Paul Pulsator The Bragg-Paul Pulsator, also known as the Bragg-Paul respirator, was a non-invasive medical ventilator invented by William Henry Bragg and designed by Robert W. Paul in 1933 for patients unable to breathe for themselves due to illness.
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Emlen Roosevelt William Emlen Roosevelt (April 30, 1857 – May 15, 1930) was a prominent New York City banker who held a wide range of positions in numerous organizations and was a cousin of United States President Theodore Roosevelt. He was president of Roosevelt & Son, the banking firm founded by his father James Alfred Roosevelt.
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Kevin Saunders Kevin Saunders (born December 8, 1955, in Smith Center, Kansas) is an American paralympian, author, and motivational speaker. He was the first person with a disability appointed to the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, and remains the only person to serve two consecutive terms under different administrations, first under George H. W. Bush, and later reappointed by President Bill Clinton.
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1906 State of the Union Address The 1906 State of the Union Address was written by Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States, on Monday, December 3, 1906. He did not speak directly to the 59th United States Congress. He said, "The readiness and efficiency of both the Army and Navy in dealing with the recent sudden crisis in Cuba illustrate afresh their value to the Nation. This readiness and efficiency would have been very much less had it not been for the existence of the General Staff in the Army and the General Board in the Navy; both are essential to the proper development and use of our military forces afloat and ashore."
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Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and perhaps its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, paved the way to the abolition of slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.
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Levi Watkins Levi Watkins Jr. (June 13, 1944 – April 11, 2015) was an African American heart surgeon and civil rights activist. In 1980, he and Vivien Thomas were the first to successfully implant an automatic defibrillator in a human patient.
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The Pacemaker The Pacemaker is a "Pocket Size DJ System". invented by Jonas Norberg. The device features include a 120 GB hard drive, a signal-to-noise ratio of 103, and many basic DJ audio tools. The DJ tools include line out and headphone crossfaders and jacks, bend, pitch, DJ pause, cue points, loop, equalisation, filter, sound effects, and a USB 2.0 connector. Any mix that is created can be saved and legally shared with the rest of the world.
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George Washington in the French and Indian War George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) commanded the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and was the first President of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. Because of his central role in the founding of the United States, Washington is often called the "Father of his Country". His devotion to republicanism and civic virtue made him an exemplary figure among early American politicians.
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Pacemaker failure Pacemaker failure is the inability of an implanted artificial pacemaker to perform its intended function of regulating the beating of the heart. A pacemaker uses electrical impulses delivered by electrodes in order to contract the heart muscles. Failure of a pacemaker is defined by the requirement of repeat surgical pacemaker-related procedures after the initial implantation. Most implanted pacemakers are dual chambered and have two leads, causing the implantation time to take longer because of this more complicated pacemaker system. These factors can contribute to an increased rate of complications which can lead to pacemaker failure.
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James Brady James Scott Brady (August 29, 1940 – August 4, 2014) was an assistant to the U.S. President and White House Press Secretary under President Ronald Reagan. In 1981, Brady became permanently disabled from a gunshot wound during the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan. Brady became an ardent supporter of gun control as a result of this event.
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Pacemaker (disambiguation) An artificial cardiac pacemaker is a medical device that regulates the beating of the heart.