Helena Dragaš was the empress consort of the last reigning emperor of what empire?
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Helena Dragaš Helena Dragaš (Serbian: Јелена Драгаш, "Jelena Dragaš" , Greek: , "Elenē Dragasē"; c. 1372 – 23 March 1450) was the empress consort of Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaiologos and mother of the last two emperors, John VIII Palaiologos and Constantine XI Palaiologos. Later in life she became a nun. She is venerated as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church under her monastic name, as Saint (Ὑπομονὴ ), translated in English as "Saint Patience".
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Constantine XI Palaiologos Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos, Latinized as Palaeologus (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ΙΑ' Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος , "Kōnstantinos XI Dragasēs Palaiologos", Serbian: Константин XI Драгаш Палеолог, "Konstantin XI Dragaš Paleolog" ; 8 February 1405 – 29 May 1453) was the last reigning Byzantine Emperor, reigning as a member of the Palaiologos dynasty from 1449 to his death in battle at the fall of Constantinople. Following his death, he became a legendary figure in Greek folklore as the "Marble Emperor" who would awaken and recover the Empire and Constantinople from the Ottomans. His death marked the end of the Roman Empire, which had continued in the East for 977 years after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
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Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg (21 April 1673 – 10 April 1742) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Germans, Queen of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia, Archduchess consort of Austria etc. as the spouse of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor.
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Theodosius I Theodosius I (Latin: "Flavius Theodosius Augustus" ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was Roman Emperor from AD 379 to AD 395. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire. On accepting his elevation, he campaigned against Goths and other barbarians who had invaded the empire. He failed to kill, expel, or entirely subjugate them, and after the Gothic War, they established a homeland south of the Danube, in Illyricum, within the empire's borders. He fought two destructive civil wars, in which he defeated the usurpers Magnus Maximus and Eugenius at great cost to the power of the empire.
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Nicholas II of Russia Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович , "Nikolay II Aleksandrovich" ; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. Due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Revolution, the execution of political opponents and his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War, he was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody by his political adversaries. Soviet historiography portrayed Nicholas as a weak and incompetent leader, whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects.
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Theodora (6th century) Theodora (Greek: Θεοδώρα; c. 500 – 28 June 548) was empress of the Byzantine Empire by marriage to Emperor Justinian I. She was one of the most influential and powerful of the Byzantine empresses. Some sources mention her as empress regnant with Justinian I as her co-regent. Along with her spouse, she is a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, commemorated on November 14.
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Olga Nikolaevna of Russia Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (11 September 1822 – 30 October 1892), later Queen Olga of Württemberg, was a member of the Russian imperial family who became Queen consort of Württemberg.
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Constantine the Great Constantine the Great (Latin: "Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus" ; Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας ; 27 February 272 AD – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great, Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor of Illyrian-Greek origin from 306 to 337 AD. He was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman Army officer, and his consort Helena. His father became "Caesar", the deputy emperor in the west, in 293 AD. Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under Emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius raised himself to the rank of "Augustus", senior western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Constantine was acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in 306 AD, and he emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against Emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324 AD.
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Helena Argyre Helena Argyre or Argyropoulaina (Greek: , Georgian: ელენე , "elene") (died c. 1033) was a Byzantine noblewoman of the Argyros family and Queen Consort of Georgia as the first wife of King Bagrat IV of the Bagratids. She was given off in marriage by her uncle, the Byzantine emperor Romanos III Argyros, to the boy-king Bagrat c. 1032. Helena died within a year or so, without issue.
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Empress of Russia Empress of Russia was a title in the Russian Empire between 1721 and 1917.
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Theodora Porphyrogenita (11th century) Theodora Porphyrogenita (Greek: Θεοδώρα, "Theodōra" ; AD 980 – 31 August 1056) was a Byzantine Empress born into the Macedonian dynasty that had ruled the Byzantine Empire for almost two hundred years. She was co-empress with her sister Zoë for two months in 1042 and sole empress regnant from 11 January 1055 to 31 August 1056. She was the last of the Macedonian line, and upon her death the empire entered a period of decline that lasted until the ascension of Alexios I Komnenos in 1081.
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Emperor Charles (film) Emperor Charles (German:Kaiser Karl) is a 1921 Austrian silent film directed by Hans Otto and starring Josef Staetter, Louise Seemann and Grit Haid. It portrays the life of Charles I of Austria, the last ruler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
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Amalia of Oldenburg Amalia of Oldenburg (Greek: Αμαλία ; 21 December 1818 – 20 May 1875) was queen consort of Greece from 1836 to 1862 as the spouse of King Otto (1815–1867).
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Helena of Hungary, Duchess of Austria Helena (Ilona) of Hungary (  1155 – 25 December 1199), a member of the royal Árpád dynasty, was Duchess of Austria from 1177 and Styria from 1192 to 1194 by her marriage with the Babenberg duke Leopold V of Austria.
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Gülüstü Hanım Gülüstü Hanım (] ); ( 1831 – 1861; Ottoman Turkish: کلستو خانم‎ ) was a consort of Sultan Abdülmecid I. She was the mother of Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
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Helena Palaiologina (disambiguation) Helena Palaiologina was Queen consort of Cyprus (1428–1458); daughter of Theodore II Palaiologos.
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Constantine VIII Constantine VIII (Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος Η΄ , "Kōnstantinos VIII") (960 – 11 November 1028) was reigning Byzantine Emperor from 15 December 1025 until his death in 1028. He was the son of the Emperor Romanos II and Theophano, and the younger brother of the eminent Basil II, who died childless and thus left the rule of the Byzantine Empire in his hands.
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Michael III Michael III (Greek: Μιχαήλ Γʹ , "Mikhaēl III"; January 19, 840 – September 23/24, 867) was Byzantine Emperor from 842 to 867. Michael III was the third and traditionally last member of the Amorian (or Phrygian) dynasty. He was given the disparaging epithet "the Drunkard" (ὁ Μέθυσος ) by the hostile historians of the succeeding Macedonian dynasty, but modern historical research has rehabilitated his reputation to some extent, demonstrating the vital role his reign played in the resurgence of Byzantine power in the 9th century.
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Galla (wife of Theodosius I) Flavia Galla (died 394 CE) was an Empress of the Roman Empire and a Princess of the Western Roman Empire. She was the second Empress consort of Theodosius I. She was daughter of Valentinian I and his second wife Justina.
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Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: О́льга Алекса́ндровна ; 13 June [O.S. 1 June] 1882 – 24 November 1960) was the youngest child and younger daughter of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and younger sister of Emperor Nicholas II.
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Archduke Joseph Franz of Austria Archduke Joseph Franz Leopold of Austria (9 April 1799 – 30 June 1807) was the second son and seventh child of Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor and his second wife, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily, daughter of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and his wife Maria Carolina of Austria. He was their fourth child to die.
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Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma Princess Maria Luisa of Bourbon-Parma (17 January 1870 – 31 January 1899) was the eldest daughter of Robert I, the last reigning Duke of Parma. She became Princess-consort of Bulgaria upon her marriage to Ferdinand of Bulgaria, the then prince-regnant (who became Tsar after her death). She was the mother of Tsar Boris III of Bulgaria.