What was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy where Stjepan Freiherr Sarkotić von Lovćen was a lieutenant field marshal?
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Stjepan Sarkotić Stjepan Freiherr Sarkotić von Lovćen (also "Stefan Sarkotić", "Stjepan Sarkotić", or "Stephan Sarkotić"; 4 October 1858 – 16 October 1939) was a Croat Austro-Hungarian Army lieutenant field marshal who served as Governor of Bosnia and Herzegovina and military commander of Dalmatia and Montenegro during the World War I.
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Austro-Hungarian Army The Austro-Hungarian Army (German: "Landstreitkräfte Österreich-Ungarns" ; Hungarian: "Császári és Királyi Hadsereg" ) was the ground force of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy from 1867 to 1918. It was composed of three parts: the joint army ("Gemeinsame Armee ", "Common Army", recruited from all parts of the country), the Imperial Austrian Landwehr (recruited from Cisleithania), and the Royal Hungarian Honved (recruited from Transleithania).
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Battle of Antivari The Battle of Antivari or Action off Antivari was a naval engagement between the French, British and Austro-Hungarian navies at the start of World War I. The Austrian light cruiser  and the destroyer  were bombarding the Montenegrin town of Antivari, when on 16 August 1914 they were cut off by a large Anglo-French force that had sortied into the Adriatic in an attempt to bring the Austro-Hungarians into a fleet action. The two Austrian vessels were forced to fight an engagement in order to attempt to free themselves. Although "Zenta" was destroyed, "Ulan" escaped and the Austrian fleet did not come out of port to meet the Allied fleet. After blockading the Adriatic for a while the French were forced to withdraw due to lack of supplies.
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László Szapáry Count László Szapáry de Szapár, Muraszombat et Széchy-Sziget (22 November 1831 – 28 September 1883) was a Hungarian general of the Austrian Imperial Army, entered in service during the 1848 revolutions when he fought in Italy. Later he also participated in the Second Italian War of Independence, particularly in the Battle of Solferino. Szapáry played a leading role in the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878.
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Stefan Osmokruhović Stefan Osmokruhović (German: "Stefan Osmokruch" , ; 1665–died in 1666) was the great judge (de. "Grossrichter", sr. "veliki sudac") of the Križevci captainate, who in 1665 led a revolt of the Grenz infantry soldiers in the Varaždin generalate of the Military Frontier against the Austrian officers, after the rights of the frontiersmen had been compromised. A Serb, Osmokruhović held secret meetings in the Slavonian Military Frontier, in which many Serbs took part in. He was also supported by the judges of Koprivnica and Ivanica, Ilija Romanović and Nikola Vuković, and they all sent letters to the Austrian Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor about the issues in March 1666. Appointed the commander of the Varaždin frontiersmen themselves and named great judge ("Veliki Sudac"), he claimed to answer to no one besides the Austrian Emperor, and sought that the frontiersmen's right to ownership of the land between the Sava and Drava be recognized, among other issues. Austrian lieutenant general Fra Johann Josef Herberstein (1639-1689) went to Križevci and demanded that his candidate be accepted as great judge, but the candidate was murdered by the frontiersmen. The revolt was finally suppressed in 1666 by Herberstein, and Osmokruhović was sentenced to death.
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Battle of Nachod The Battle of Nachod (or Náchod) on 27 June 1866 was the first major action of the Austro-Prussian War. The advance guard of General Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz's 5th Corps occupied some high ground near Nachod as part of a Prussian advance into Bohemia from Silesia. Elements of the Austrian 6th Corps under General Von Ramming came on the scene and attacked the Prussians but were repulsed. As more Austrians arrived, they were ordered into attacks which proved both costly and unsuccessful. Finally, the badly mauled Austrians retreated from the field. The Prussian infantry enjoyed a technical advantage in having the needle gun, a breech-loading rifle that could be fired and loaded from a prone position. Consequently, the Austrian infantry, which were only equipped with muzzle-loading rifles, suffered a disproportionate number of casualties.
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Slovak Air Force (1939–45) The Slovak Air Force ("Slovenské vzdušné zbrane", or SVZ), between 1939 and 1945, was the air force of the short-lived World War II Slovak Republic. Its mission was to provide air support at fronts, and to protect Bratislava and metropolitan areas against enemy air strikes. These units supported Axis Powers offensives in Ukraine and Russian Central front under the lead of Luftwaffe in the Stalingrad and Caucasus operations.
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7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division Prinz Eugen The 7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen" was a German mountain infantry division of the Waffen-SS, the armed wing of the German Nazi Party that served alongside but was never formally part of the Wehrmacht during World War II in Yugoslavia. Formed in 1941 from "Volksdeutsche" (ethnic German) volunteers and conscripts from the Banat, Independent State of Croatia (NDH), Hungary and Romania, it fought a counter-insurgency campaign against communist-led Yugoslav Partisan resistance forces in the occupied Serbia, NDH and Montenegro. It was given the title "Prinz Eugen" after Prince Eugene of Savoy, an outstanding military leader of the Habsburg Empire who liberated the Banat and Belgrade from the Ottoman Empire in the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18. It was initially named the SS-"Freiwilligen"-Division "Prinz Eugen" (SS-Volunteer Division "Prinz Eugen").
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Ludwig von Benedek Ludwig August Ritter von Benedek (14 July 1804 – 27 April 1881), also known as Lajos Benedek, was an Austrian general (Feldzeugmeister) of Hungarian descent, best known for commanding the imperial army in 1866 in the Battle of Königgrätz against the Prussian Army.
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2nd Cavalry Brigade (Hungary) The 2nd Cavalry Brigade was a formation of the Royal Hungarian Army that participated in the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II.
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Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) The Kingdom of Croatia (Croatian: "Kraljevina Hrvatska"; Latin: "Regnum Croatiae" Hungarian: "Horvát Királyság" German: "Königreich Kroatien" ) was an administrative division that existed between 1527 and 1868 within the Habsburg Monarchy (also known between 1804 and 1867 as the Austrian Empire). The Kingdom was a part of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, but was subject to direct Imperial Austrian rule for significant periods of time, including its final years. Its capital was Zagreb.
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Anton Csorich Anton Csorich (Croatian: "Antun Čorić" ; 1795–1864) was the "baron od Monte Creto" and became a general in the Austrian Army and then was promoted to the position of lieutenant field marshal when he became second chief of the 15th Infantry Regiment. In that position he took part in the suppression of the October 1848 uprising in Vienna. He then went on to participate in the Austrian war against the Hungarian Republic in 1849.
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Artur Phleps Artur Gustav Martin Phleps (29 November 1881 – 21 September 1944) was an Austro-Hungarian, Romanian and German army officer who held the rank of "SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS" (lieutenant general) in the "Waffen-SS" during World War II. An Austro-Hungarian Army officer before and during World War I, he specialised in mountain warfare and logistics, and had been promoted to "Oberstleutnant" (lieutenant colonel) by the end of the war. During the interwar period he joined the Romanian Army, reaching the rank of "General-locotenent" (major general), and also became an adviser to King Carol. After he spoke out against the government, he was sidelined and asked to be dismissed from the army.
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Raid on Pula Raid on Pula was a maritime raid undertaken on 1 November 1918 during the end of World War I. It was carried out by two officers of the Italian Regia Marina with the goal of damaging the Austro-Hungarian fleet anchored in the bay of Pula. The fleet was handed by the Austrians to the newly established State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs only a couple of hours before the raid, with Janko Vuković, previously an officer of the Austro-Hungarian navy, being declared the commander-in-chief of the new state's navy. State of SHS, declared neutrality in the war and informed the Allies shortly after taking over armed forces on 31 October. However, the attackers were not aware of this, and had rigged the main ship SMS Viribus Unitis (renamed to Jugoslavija) with explosives, which ended in the ship's sinking and the death of Vuković.
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Sanjak of Segedin Sanjak of Segedin or Sanjak of Szeged (Turkish: Segedin Sancağı, Hungarian: Szegedi szandzsák, Serbian: Сегедински санџак) was an administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire formed in the 16th century. It was located in the Bačka (Bácska) region. Initially, it was part of the Budin Province, but in the 17th century it was included into Eğri Province. Administrative center of the Sanjak of Segedin was Segedin. It was captured by Austria between 1686-1688 and was left to Austria according to Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699.
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Bjelovar-Križevci County The Bjelovar-Križevci County (Croatian: "Bjelovarsko-križevačka županija" ; Hungarian: "Belovár-Kőrös vármegye" ) was a historic administrative subdivision ("županija") of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. Croatia-Slavonia was an autonomous kingdom within the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen (Transleithania), the Hungarian part of the dual Austro-Hungarian Empire. Its territory is now in northern Croatia. Belovár and Kőrös are the Hungarian names for the cities Bjelovar and Križevci, respectively. The capital of the county was Bjelovar (Croatian, in Hungarian: "Belovár").
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Kingdom of Slavonia The Kingdom of Slavonia (Croatian: "Kraljevina Slavonija" ; German: "Königreich Slawonien" ; Latin: "Regnum Sclavoniae" ; Hungarian: "Szlavón Királyság" ) was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire that existed from 1699 to 1868. The province included northern parts of present-day regions of Slavonia (today in Croatia) and Syrmia (today in Serbia and Croatia). The southern parts of these regions were part of the Slavonian Military Frontier, which was a section of the Military Frontier.
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Albert Gyulay Count Albert Gyulay de Marosnémethi et Nádaska or Albert Gyulai von Máros-Németh und Nádaska, born 12 September 1766 – died 27 April 1835, a Hungarian, joined the army of Habsburg Austria and fought against Ottoman Turkey. He served against the First French Republic in the Flanders Campaign and on the Rhine. Severely wounded in 1799, he survived a trepanning operation and briefly retired from military service. He returned to active service and commanded an army corps during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. He led his troops in several important battles during the Austrian invasion of Italy in 1809, including one where he was in independent command. Though appointed to command troops in 1813 and 1815, he missed combat in both campaigns. He was Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian infantry regiment from 1810 until his death. The more famous Ignác Gyulay, Ban of Croatia was his older brother.
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Army of the Republic of Serb Krajina The Serbian Army of Krajina (Serbian: Српска војска Крајине/Srpska vojska Krajine , ), also known in English as the Army of the Republic of Serb(ian) Krajina, was the armed forces of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK), a Serb breakaway state in Croatia during the Croatian War (1991–95). The army was officially established on 19 March 1992. The RSK covered an area of some 17,028 km² at its peak, and was located entirely inland and thus had no navy. The military, along with the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina, dissolved in 1995 following the Croatian Operation Storm.
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Army Group Böhm-Ermolli The Army Group Böhm-Ermolli (German: "Heeresgruppe Böhm-Ermolli") was an Army Group of the Austro-Hungarian Army, which operated on the Eastern Front against Russia, from 19 September 1915 to 25 July 1916 and again from 4 October 1916 to 24 January 1918 during World War I. It was commanded by Eduard von Böhm-Ermolli.
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SMS Budapest SMS "Budapest"  ("His Majesty's Ship Budapest") was a "Monarch"-class coastal defense ship built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy in the 1890s. After their commissioning, "Budapest" and the two other "Monarch"-class ships made several training cruises in the Mediterranean Sea in the early 1900s. "Budapest" and her sisters formed the 1st Capital Ship Division of the Austro-Hungarian Navy until they were replaced by the newly commissioned "Habsburg"-class pre-dreadnought battleships at the turn of the century. In 1906 the three Monarchs were placed in reserve and only recommissioned during the annual summer training exercises. After the start of World War I, "Budapest" was recommissioned and assigned to 5th Division together with her sisters.
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Second Army (Serbia) The Serbian Second Army (Serbian: Српска Друга Армија / Srpska Druga Armija ) was a Serbian field army that fought during the Balkan Wars and World War I.