Ernő Lendvai (February 6, 1925 – January 31, 1993) was one of the first music theorists to write on the appearance of the golden section and Fibonacci series and how these are implemented in Bartók's music, he also formulated the axis system, acoustic scale and alpha chord, an octatonic scale is any which number note musical scale?
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Ernő Lendvai Ernő Lendvai (February 6, 1925 – January 31, 1993) was one of the first music theorists to write on the appearance of the golden section and Fibonacci series and how these are implemented in Bartók's music. He also formulated the axis system, acoustic scale and alpha chord.
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Octatonic scale An octatonic scale is any eight-note musical scale. The scale most often meant by this term is one in which the notes ascend in alternating intervals of a whole step and a half step, creating a symmetric scale. In classical theory, in contradistinction to jazz theory, this scale is commonly simply called the octatonic scale (or octatonic collection), although there are forty-two other non-enharmonically equivalent, non-transpositionally equivalent eight-tone sets possible.
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Saptak Saptak (Devanagari: सप्तक) means "gamut" or "the series of seven notes". It denotes the set of swaras, Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni which comprise a musical scale in Indian classical music. In Sanskrit, saptak literally means "containing seven" and is derived from the Sanskrit word "sapta" which means "seven".
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Hungarian minor scale The Hungarian Minor scale, Double Harmonic minor scale, or Gypsy minor scale, is a type of combined musical scale. It is the fourth mode of the double harmonic scale. It is the same as the harmonic minor scale, except that it has a raised fourth scale degree. Its tonal center is slightly ambiguous, due to the large number of half steps. Also known as Double Harmonic Minor, or Harmonic Minor ♯ 4, it figures prominently in Eastern European music, particularly in Romani music. Melodies based on this scale have an exotic, romantic flavor for listeners accustomed to more typical Western scales.
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Unfigured bass Unfigured bass, less commonly known as under-figured bass, is a kind of musical notation used during the Baroque music era in Western Classical music (ca. 1600–1750) in which a basso continuo performer playing a chordal instrument (e.g., harpsichord, organ, or lute) improvises a chordal accompaniment from a notated bass line which lacks the guidance of figures indicating which harmonies should be played above the bass note (see figured bass). Figured bass parts have numbers or accidentals below the bass line which indicate which intervals above the bass should be played in the chord. However, not all basso continuo parts from the Baroque period were figured.
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Erdős–Tetali theorem In additive number theory, an area of mathematics, the Erdős–Tetali theorem is an existence theorem concerning economical additive basis of every order. More specifically, it states that for every fixed integer formula_1, there exists a subset of the natural numbers formula_2 satisfyingformula_3where formula_4 denotes the number of ways that a natural number "n" can be expressed as the sum of "h" elements of "B."
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Minor seventh In music theory, a minor seventh is one of two musical intervals that span seven staff positions. It's "minor" because it's the smaller of the two sevenths, spanning ten semitones. The major seventh spans eleven. For example, the interval from A to G is a minor seventh, as the note G lies ten semitones above A, and there are seven staff positions from A to G. Diminished and augmented sevenths span the same number of staff positions, but consist of a different number of semitones (nine and twelve).
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Peter Ryom Peter Ryom (born May 31, 1937 in Copenhagen) is a Danish musicologist. He is internationally known as the author of the Ryom-Verzeichnis, the now-standard catalog of the works of Antonio Vivaldi. The number of a composition in the Ryom Verzeichnis (Ryom catalog) is always prefaced by the abbreviation RV. (The V in RV stands for Verzeichnis, not Vivaldi.)
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Melodic pattern In music and jazz improvisation, a melodic pattern (or sequence) is a repetitive pattern or figure that can be used with any scale. It is used primarily for use in solos because, when practiced enough, it can be extremely useful when improvising. "Sequence" refers to the repetition of a part at a higher or lower pitch, and melodic sequence is differentiated from harmonic sequence. One example of melodic sequence are the pitches of the first line, "Send her victorious," repeated, a step lower, in the second line, "Happy and glorious," from "God Save the Queen".
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Dorian mode Dorian mode or Doric mode can refer to three very different but interrelated subjects: one of the Ancient Greek "harmoniai" (characteristic melodic behaviour, or the scale structure associated with it), one of the medieval musical modes, or, most commonly, one of the modern modal diatonic scales, corresponding to the white notes from D to D, or any transposition of this, for example the scale from C to C with both E and B flattened.
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Oehler system The Oehler system is a system for clarinet keys developed by Oskar Oehler. Based on the Müller system clarinet, the system adds tone holes to correct intonation and acoustic deficiencies, notably of the forked notes (B♭ and F). The system has more keys than the Böhm system, up to 27 in the Voll-Oehler system (full Oehler system). It also has a narrower bore and a longer, narrower mouthpiece leading to a slightly different sound. It is used mostly in Germany and Austria. Major developments include the patent C♯, low E-F correction, fork-F/B♭ correction and fork B♭ correction. Fingering charts can be found for example in this reference.
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Staff (music) In Western musical notation, the staff (US) or stave (UK) (plural for either: staves) is a set of five horizontal lines and four spaces that each represent a different musical pitch—or, in the case of a percussion staff, different percussion instruments. Appropriate music symbols, depending on the intended effect, are placed on the staff according to their corresponding pitch or function. Musical notes are placed by pitch, percussion notes are placed by instrument, and rests and other symbols are placed by convention.
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Amritavarshini Amr̥tavarṣiṇi is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an "audava" rāgam (or "owdava" rāgam, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a "janya" rāgam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven "swaras" (musical notes).
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Allegro barbaro (Bartók) Allegro barbaro, BB 63 (Sz. 49), composed in 1911, is one of Béla Bartók's most famous and frequently performed solo piano pieces. The composition is typical of Bartók's style, utilizing folk elements. The work combines Hungarian and Romanian scales; Hungarian peasant music is based on the pentatonic scale, while Romanian music is largely chromatic.
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Berklee method In music performance and education, the Berklee method is the music theory, terminology, and practice taught at Berklee College of Music, the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. The "Berklee method" was founded by Lawrence Berk after study with Joseph Schillinger regarding the latter's, "elaborate system of composition that employed mathematical permutation and combination process to generate rhythms, harmonies, and melodies". Later, attempting to codify jazz and popular music practice, the Berklee method often differs from common practice harmony and voice-leading rules or guidelines.
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Piano key frequencies This is a list of the fundamental frequencies in hertz (cycles per second) of the keys of a modern 88-key standard or 102-key extended piano in twelve-tone equal temperament, with the 49th key, the fifth A (called A), tuned to 440 Hz (referred to as A440). Each successive pitch is derived by multiplying (ascending) or dividing (descending) the previous by the twelfth root of two (approximately 1.05946). For example, to get the frequency a semitone up from A (A♯ ), multiply 440 by the twelfth root of two. To go from A to B (up a whole tone, or two semitones), multiply 440 twice by the twelfth root of two (or just by the sixth root of two, approximately 1.12246). For other tuning schemes refer to musical tuning.
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Numbered musical notation The numbered musical notation (), is a musical notation system widely used in music publications in China. Not to be confused with the integer notation. It dates back to the system designed by Pierre Galin, known as Galin-Paris-Chevé system. It is comparable to the Gongche notation from the Tang Dynasty.
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Ptolemais of Cyrene Ptolemais of Cyrene (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῒς ἡ Κυρηναία ) was a harmonic theorist, author of "Pythagorean Principles of Music" (Πυθαγορικὴ τῆς μουσικῆς στοιχείωσις). She lived perhaps in the 3rd century BC, and "certainly not after the first century AD."
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List of string quartets by Béla Bartók The Hungarian composer Béla Bartók wrote six string quartets, each for the usual forces of two violins, viola and cello. Notable composers who have been influenced by them include Benjamin Britten, particularly in the Sonata in C for Cello and Piano (; ), Elliott Carter, who refers in the opening of his own First String Quartet to Bartók’s Sixth Quartet , Chen Yi , Edison Denisov, whose Second Quartet is closely related to Bartók’s Fifth Quartet , Franco Donatoni, who was deeply impressed when he heard a broadcast of Bartók's Fourth Quartet , Robert Fripp, who mentions them as an influence upon King Crimson , Miloslav Ištvan , György Kurtág, whose Opp. 1 and 28 both owe a great deal to Bartók's quartets (; ), György Ligeti, whose two string quartets both owe a great deal to Bartók’s quartets (; ), Bruno Maderna , George Perle, who credits the Bartók Fourth and Fifth Quartets as precedents for his use of arrays of chords related to one another by different types of symmetry , Walter Piston (; ), Kim Dzmitrïyevich Tsesakow , Wilfried Westerlinck , Stefan Wolpe, who explained in a public lecture how he had derived ideas from Bartók’s Fourth Quartet , and Xu Yongsan .
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Flamenco mode In music theory, the flamenco mode (also Major-Phrygian) is a harmonized mode or scale abstracted from its use in flamenco music. In other words the collection of pitches in ascending order accompanied by chords represents the pitches and chords used together in flamenco songs and pieces. The key signature is the same as that of the Phrygian mode, with the raised third and seventh being written in as necessary with accidentals. Its modal/tonal characteristics are prominent in the Andalusian cadence.
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Projected set In music a projected set is a technique where a collection of pitches or pitch classes is extended in a texture through the emphasized simultaneous statement of the a set followed or preceded by a successive emphasized statement of each of its members. For example, a set may be stated as a simultaneity and then a series of phrases may end on notes which are the members of the set, as in the downbeat of m. 19 through measures 46 of Béla Bartók's Second String Quartet. (Wilson 1992, p. 23)
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Atmosphères Atmosphères is a piece for full orchestra, composed by György Ligeti in 1961. It is noted for eschewing conventional melody and metre in favor of dense sound textures. After "Apparitions", it was the second piece Ligeti wrote to exploit what he called a "micropolyphonic" texture. It gained further exposure after being used in Stanley Kubrick's film "".