Chad's president in 1982 was brought to justice by who?
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Jacqueline Moudeina Jacqueline Moudeina (born 1957) is a Chadian lawyer and human rights activist, who is known for her work in attempting to bring Hissène Habré to justice for crimes against humanity, as well as those who worked with him.
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Hissène Habré Hissène Habré (Arabic: حسين حبري "Ḥusaīn Ḥabrī"  Chadian Arabic: ] ; ] ; born 13 September 1942), also spelled Hissen Habré, is a Chadian politician, best known as Chad's President from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990. He was brought to power with the support of France and the United States, who provided training, arms and financing.
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Assassination of Anwar Sadat The assassination of Anwar Sadat occurred on 6 October 1981. Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt, was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate Operation Badr, during which the Egyptian Army had crossed the Suez Canal and taken back a small part of the Sinai Peninsula from Israel at the beginning of the Yom Kippur War. A fatwa approving the assassination had been obtained from Omar Abdel-Rahman, a cleric later convicted in the US for his role in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. The assassination was undertaken by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad.
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Edgar Chamorro Édgar Chamorro Coronel (born 23 July 1931) is an ousted leader of the Nicaraguan rebel Contras who later became a critic of the rebels and their Central Intelligence Agency sponsors, even cooperating with the Sandinista government in their World Court case, "Nicaragua v. United States". He is a member of the prominent Chamorro family that provided four of Nicaragua's past presidents.
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Lagos Accord The Lagos Accord was a peace agreement signed on August 21, 1979 by representatives of eleven warring factions of the Chadian Civil War, after a conference in Lagos, Nigeria. The accord established the procedures for setting up the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT), which was sworn into office in November, 1979. By mutual agreement, Goukouni Oueddei was named president, Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué was appointed vice-president, and Hissène Habré was named minister of national defense, veterans, and war victims. The distribution of cabinet positions was balanced between south (eleven portfolios), north, center, and east (thirteen), and among protégés of neighboring states.
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Gacaca court The Gacaca court (] ) is a system of community justice inspired by Rwandan tradition where "gacaca" can be loosely translated to "justice amongst the grass". This traditional, communal justice was adapted in 2001 to fit the needs of Rwanda in the wake of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide (also known as "Hutu vs Tutsi" ) where an estimated 800,000 people were killed, tortured and raped. After the genocide, the new Rwandan Patriotic Front's government struggled to pursue justice on such a massive scale, and therein to develop just means for the humane detention and prosecution of the more than 100,000 people accused of genocide, war crimes, and related crimes against humanity. By 2000, approximately 130,000 alleged genocide perpetrators populated Rwanda's prisons (Reyntjens & Vandeginste 2005, 110). Using the justice system Rwanda had in place, the trial of such massive numbers of alleged perpetrators would take well over 100 years during which Rwanda's economy would crumble as a massive amount of their population awaited trial in prison. For this reason they chose to adapt and create a large-scale justice system, which would work alongside the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, in order to heal as a people and to thrive as a country.
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Hassan Abdallah Mardigue Hassan Abdallah Mardigue is the disputed leader of the Chadian rebel group Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (MDJT). He was born c. 1951 in Gouro in the north of Chad.
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Jean-Baptiste Gatete Jean-Baptiste Gatete (born 1953) is a Rwandan politician, convicted of conspiracy to commit genocide, genocide and extermination in the 1994 Rwandan Genocide.
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Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet (born 1 January 1957) is a Chadian businessman and politician who was Prime Minister of Chad from November 2013 to February 2016.
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Chadian parliamentary election, 1990 Parliamentary elections were held in Chad on 8 July 1990. They were the first elections since 1969 and followed a referendum the previous year which had made the country a one-party state, with the National Union for Independence and Revolution as the sole legal party. However, all 436 candidates stood for election as independents. Voter turnout was 56.06%.
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Equity and Reconciliation Commission The Equity and Reconciliation Commission (Arabic: هيئة الإنصاف والمصالحة‎ ‎ ; French "Instance Equité et Réconciliation" - IER) is a Moroccan human rights and truth commission created on January 7, 2004 by King Mohammed VI in order to reconcile victims of human rights abuses, such as torture and atrocities committed by Makhzen (the governing elite) during the "Years of lead", with the State.
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Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Peru) The Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) (in Spanish: Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación (CVR)) (June 2001 – 28 August 2003) was established in 2001 after the fall of president Alberto Fujimori, to examine abuses committed during the 1980s and 1990s, when Peru was plagued by the worst political violence in the history of the republic. This was during the 1980–85 government of President Fernando Belaunde, Alan García's 1985–90 term, and Fujimori's 1990–2000 administration. Its work was formally concluded on August 28, 2003, when it presented its final report to President Alejandro Toledo. The Commission appointed as members many sectors of civil society, including scholars, journalists, sociologists, priests and artists.
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1987 Tunisian coup d'état The 1987 Tunisian coup d'état involved the bloodless ousting of the ageing President of Tunisia Habib Bourguiba on 7 November 1987, and his replacement as president by his recently appointed Prime Minister, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The action was justified by reference to Bourgiba's failing health and Article 57 of the country's constitution. Reports later surfaced to indicate that the Italian intelligence services had been involved in planning it.
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Jean-Claude Duvalier Jean-Claude Duvalier (] ), nicknamed “Baby Doc” (Haitian Creole: "Bebe Dòk" ) (3 July 19514 October 2014), was the President of Haiti from 1971 until he was overthrown by a popular uprising in 1986. He succeeded his father François "Papa Doc" Duvalier as the ruler of Haiti after the latter's death in 1971. After assuming power, he introduced cosmetic changes to his father's regime and delegated much authority to his advisors. Thousands of Haitians were killed or tortured, and hundreds of thousands fled the country during his presidency. He maintained a notoriously lavish lifestyle (including a state-sponsored US$  2million wedding in 1980) while poverty among his people remained the most widespread of any country in the Western Hemisphere.
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Abbas Koty Abbas Koty Yacoub (1952–October 22, 1993) was a Chadian political figure and rebel leader.
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Libya–Chad Territorial Dispute case The Case Concerning the Territorial Dispute (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. Chad) [1994] ICJ 1 is a public international law case before the International Court of Justice on 3 February 1994. The case was won by Chad, whose sovereignty over Aouzou Strip was affirmed (by a majority of 16 to 1).
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Rally of Democratic Forces (rebel group) The Rally of Democratic Forces (in French: "Rassemblement des Forces Démocratiques" or RaFD) is a Chadian rebel group led by Timane Erdimi. It is currently allied to the United Front for Democratic Change rebel group and both are dedicated to overthrowing Erdimi's uncle, the current Chadian President Idriss Déby and his administration. As of May 1, 2006, RaFD has a significant presence in the cities of Guéréda, Tissi and Adré. The 12,000 troops that make up the RaFD were expected to disrupt the 2006 presidential elections, but they did not, and President Déby was returned to power.
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Mohammed Nour Abdelkerim Mohammed Nour Abdelkerim (born 1960) is a former Chadian rebel leader. After signing a peace agreement with the government, he served as Minister of Defense for nine months in 2007.
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Saadie Goukouni Weddeye Saadie Goukouni Weddeye (born 1980) is a Chadian activist. Her father, Goukouni Oueddei, was Chad's head of state in the early 1980s. She was appointed to the government as Minister of Social Action in 2013.
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Aboubakar Abdel Rahmane Aboubakar Abdel Rahmane (died 1979) was a Chadian warlord active during the civil war. His early life is very undocumented, and his date of birth is unknown. A semi-literate Muslim Kanembu, he originally belonged to Goukouni Oueddei's People's Armed Forces (FAP). A member of the FAP's Comité Militaire Interarmées Provisoire (CMIAP), he was expelled in 1977 from the organization for having protested against the neglect of his area, Kanem. Aboubakar formed the Third Liberation Army of the FROLINAT, later called Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad (MPLT) in January 1978. It was a small militia composed mostly of Kanembu and active around Lake Chad. It early became Nigeria's chief agent in the country, and also for this Aboubakar as head of the MPLT was one of the four Chadian leaders invited at the Kano peace conference in Nigeria in March 1979. Aboubakar played here an important role, being the only Chadian leader to advocate the withdrawal of French troops from Chad, a key aspect of the following Kano Accord, as the proclaimed necessity of an "African solution" (i.e. Nigerian). A government of national unity was created, and Aboubakar became Interior Minister. A month later, through Nigerian help he even obtained an associate of his, Lol Mahamat Choua, to be made president of the Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT). Some time after this Aboubakar died, and the importance of the MPLT waned, also through the new Lagos Accord.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1593 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1593, adopted on 31 March 2005, after receiving a report by the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur, the Council referred the situation in the Darfur region of Sudan to the International Criminal Court (ICC) and required all states to co-operate fully. It marked the first time the Council had referred a situation to the Court, and also compelled a country to co-operate with it.
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Souleymane Guengueng Souleymane Guengueng is a Chadian torture victim and human rights activist, who was instrumental in bringing legal action against the former dictator Hissène Habré. He plays himself in the 2007 movie "The Dictator Hunter" by director Klaartje Quirijns. He is president fouder of AVCRP.