Zulema Castro de Peña was a member of what organization that began to march in 1977 at the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires?
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Zulema Castro de Peña Zulema Castro de Peña (c. 1920 – January 22, 2013) was an Argentine human rights activist and member of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo. Her two sons, Jesús Peña and Isidoro, disappeared during Dirty War of the 1970s, leading to her lifelong campaign for human rights and answers for the relatives of the "disappeared."
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Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo The Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo (Spanish: "Asociación Madres de Plaza de Mayo" ) is an association of Argentine mothers whose children "disappeared" during the state terrorism of the military dictatorship, between 1976 and 1983. They organized while trying to learn what had happened to their children, and began to march in 1977 at the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires, in front of the Casa Rosada presidential palace, in public defiance of the government's state terrorism intended to silence all opposition.
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People's Front (Argentina) The People's Front (Spanish: "Frente del Pueblo" , abbreviated FREPU) was a political coalition in Argentina, formed ahead of the 1985 parliamentary election. FREPU consisted of the Communist Party of Argentina, Movement for Socialism and a small group of Peronist trade unionists. FREPU obtained around 350,000 votes.
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María Teresa Castillo María Teresa Castillo (October 15, 1908 – June 22, 2012) was a Venezuelan journalist, politician, political activist, human rights activist, and cultural entrepreneur. She was the founder of the Caracas Athenaeum, a leading cultural institution which promotes the arts of Caracas. She also served as the president of Caracas Athenaeum from 1958 until her death in 2012. Castillo, a proponent of human rights, also played a major role in the formation of Amnesty International's Venezuelan chapter in 1978.
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Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra Alicia Zubasnabar de De la Cuadra (July 15, 1915 – June 1, 2008), also known as ""Licha"", was an Argentine human rights activist. She was one of the twelve founding members of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and served as the first President of the organization. She has been named as a "prominent woman" by the Argentine National Congress and as an "illustrious citizen" by Corrientes Province.
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Anti-austerity movement in Spain The anti-austerity movement in Spain, also referred to as the 15-M Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento 15-M"), the Indignados Movement, and Take the Square had origins in social networks such as Real Democracy NOW (Spanish: "Democracia Real YA" ) or Youth Without a Future (Spanish: "Juventud Sin Futuro" ). and began with demonstrations on 15 May 2011 close to the local and regional elections, held on 22 May.
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Mexican People's Party The Mexican People's Party (Spanish: "Partido del Pueblo Mexicano" , abbreviated PPM) was a political party in Mexico, founded in 1977. PPM was led by Alejandro Gascón Mercado. PPM was mainly based in the Nayarit and Jalisco states.
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Comando de Libertação Nacional The Comando de Libertação Nacional (Colina, English: National Liberation Command ) was a far left political organization in Brazil. It originated on 1967 in the state of Minas Gerais, through the merger of Worker's Politics (Portuguese: "Política Operária - Polop" ), an organization founded in 1961 as a faction of the Brazilian Socialist Party, with some leftist militants. Colina embraced the ideas advocated by OSPAAAL, starting armed actions in 1968 to fund rural guerrilla warfare against the military dictatorship installed after the United States government-sponsored 1964 coup d'état.
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Secret Anti-Communist Army The Secret Anti-Communist Army (Spanish: "Ejército Secreto Anticomunista" , ESA) was a front organization that operated in Guatemala and El Salvador during the Guatemalan Civil War. Like other earlier organizations, such as the MANO and the CADEG, the ESA existed as a front for a covert program of selective assassination by the Guatemalan security services. The first documentation of it came from the New York Times on 4 August 1977. The ESA made its existence more widely known during the upheaval caused by the September 1978 bus fare strikes in Guatemala City. On 18 October 1978, the ESA authored the first of a series of public bulletins containing "death lists" of persons which the organization considered to be "communists". It claimed to be independent, but was coordinated and staffed by members of the military and security services and was allegedly run by Colonel German Chupina Barahona, Director General of the National Police (PN) from 1978 to 1982. Often, the lists of targets were provided by the Minister of the Interior, Donaldo Alvarez Ruiz.
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Alice Domon Alicia Domon, Caty, (born September 23, 1937, Charquemont, Doubs, France; disappeared on December 17 or 18, 1977 near Santa Teresita by the Argentine Sea) was a Roman Catholic nun from France who was one of two French nationals to be "disappeared" in December 1977 in Argentina during the military dictatorship of the "National Reorganization Process" (1976–1983). She was among a dozen people associated with the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, a human rights group, who were kidnapped and taken to the secret detention center at ESMA.
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Argentinian Marxist-Leninist Communist Party The Argentinian Marxist-Leninist Communist Party (Spanish: "Partido Comunista Marxista-Leninista Argentino" , abbreviated PCMLA) was a communist party in Argentina. PCMLA was founded in 1975 as splinter group of the Marxist-Leninist Communist Party. It had a pro-China orientation. Leaders of PCMLA included Oscar Ríos (general secretary), José Ríos (organizational secretary), Daniel Egea, Carlos Herrera, and Ramón Ruiz. The party was active in the student movement. Its student wing was Grupos de Resistencia Estudiantil (GRE, 'Student Resistance Groups'). It had cells in Buenos Aires city and province, Corrientes, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe. The party had a front organization in the meat industry, Resistencia Obrera de la Carne (ROC, Meat Workers Resistance).
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Centre-Left of Albacete Centre-Left of Albacete (Spanish: "Centro Izquierda de Albacete" , CIA) was an electoral alliance formed in the province of Albacete by the People's Socialist Party, the Albacete Democratic Alliance and the Christian Democratic Team of the Spanish State to contest the 1977 general election.
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1977 Political Reform Act The Act for the Political Reform(Law 1/1977, of January 4, for the Political Reform) was adopted on December 18, 1976 by the Francoist Cortes with the support of 435 of the 531 prosecutors (81% in favor) that formed this Cortes, and submitted to a referendum with the participation of the 77,8% of the census and with a 94,17% votes in favor. It had the character of Fundamental Law, being the last one of the Fundamental Laws of the Francoists State.
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Trial of the Juntas The Trial of the Juntas (Spanish, Juicio a las Juntas) was the judicial trial of the members of the "de facto" military government that ruled Argentina during the dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional ("el proceso"), which lasted from 1976 to 1983.
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Revolutionary Labour Bloc The Revolutionary Labour Bloc (Spanish: "Bloque Laborista Revolucionario" ) was a grouping in the Senate of Córdoba in Argentina. It was formed after the 1946 election, by four dissident senators from the Peronist bloc; Federico de Uña (chairman of the Unión Obrera del Dulce y Anexos), Carlos Rossini, Godofredo Stauffer (land-owner from Unión Cívica Radical) and Antonio Llorens (who had belonged to UCR).
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Coalition Against the Marcos Dictatorship The Coalition Against the Marcos Dictatorship was formed in the 1970s in Toronto, Canada by Filipino/a exiles and immigrants.
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Campo de Mayo Campo de Mayo is a military base located in Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina, 30 km northwest of Buenos Aires.
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Socialist Workers Party (Cuba) The Socialist Workers Party (Spanish: "Partido Obrero Socialista" , POS), initially known as the Workers Party of Cuba (Spanish: "Partido Obrero de Cuba" ), was a political party in Cuba. The party published "La Voz Obrera". It was founded by a group of workers in Havana in 1904. In the party was joined by Carlos Baliños, who had formed the Socialist Propaganda Club 1903. Baliños became the leading figure of the party, and the name was changed to POS. The party also adopted a socialist programme. In November 1906 POS merged with the International Socialist Group, forming the Socialist Party of the Island of Cuba. "La Voz Obrera" was taken over by the new party as its organ.
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Federation of Cuban Women The Federation of Cuban Women (Spanish: "Federación de Mujeres Cubanas" ) (FMC) was established in 1960 under the revolutionary government with Vilma Espín as its president. Espin fought in the Sierra Maestras with Fidel Castro and Raul Castro and married Raul in 1959. She was the president of the FMC till her death in 2007. The FMC was deeply involved in the 1961 Cuban Literacy Campaign and in supplying workers after the mass exodus of trained labor following the Revolution. A few of the stated goals of the FMC are:
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Brigadas Populares The Popular Brigades (Portuguese: Brigadas Populares , BPs) are a popular Brazilian political organization founded in september 18, 2011, in São Paulo, from the merger of four previous organizations. It's strategic goal is the overcome of Brazil's dependency, forming a Sovereign popular and democratic Political regime. This philosophy is systematized in the organization's motto: Open Political Unity for a New Majority (Portuguese: "Unidade aberta por uma nova maioria" ), which means the formation of a broad political field capable of consolidating itself as a real alternative for the emancipation of the Brazilian people against a political regime built by the "Casa Grande" (The dominant minority).
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Banda della Magliana The Banda della Magliana (] , "Magliana Gang") is an Italian criminal organization based in Rome founded in 1975. Given by the media, the name refers to the original neighborhood, the Magliana, of some of its members.
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Fuerzas Armadas de la Resistencia Nacional Las Fuerzas Armadas de la Resistencia Nacional (National Resistance Armed Forces) was the military arm of National Resistance, a Salvadoran communist organization that was founded on May 10, 1975 when ideological differences within the ERP (Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo) and the assassinations of Roque Dalton and Armando Arteaga made some members break away from the ERP. Ernesto Jovel was its first general secretary. Other founding members of the RN included Eduardo Sancho (aka Fermán Cienfuegos), Lil Milagro Ramírez, Julia Rodríguez and Arsenio.