Who was slaughtered by a companion of Muhammad in 632?
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Battle of Zafar The Battle of Zafar took place in 632 between Khalid ibn al-Walid and a tribal chieftess called Salma. Khalid defeated her and she died on the battlefield. The battle was part of the Ridda Wars. This apostate leader was riding on a camel, surrounded by her loyal bodyguards. Khalid ibn al-Walid approached her with a group of mujaheddin and slaughtered her and her bodyguards. Several hundred apostates died in this battle.
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Khalid ibn al-Walid Abū Sulaymān Khālid ibn al-Walīd ibn al-Mughīrah al-Makhzūmī (Arabic: أبو سليمان خالد بن الوليد بن المغيرة المخزومي‎ ‎ ‎; 585–642), also known as Sayf ullah al-Maslūl (Arabic: سيف الله المسلول‎ ‎ ; "Drawn Sword of God"), was a companion of Muhammad. He is noted for his military tactics and prowess, commanding the forces of Medina under Muhammad and the forces of his immediate successors of the Rashidun Caliphate, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab. It was under his military leadership that Arabia, for the first time in history, was united under a single political entity, the Caliphate. Commanding the forces of the nascent Islamic state, Khalid was victorious in over a hundred battles, against the forces of the Byzantine-Roman Empire, Sassanid-Persian Empire, and their allies, in addition to other Arab tribes. His strategic achievements include the conquest of Arabia during the Ridda Wars, Persian Mesopotamia and Roman Syria within several years from 632 to 636. He is also remembered for his decisive victories at Yamamah, Ullais, and Firaz, and his tactical successes at Walaja and Yarmouk.
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Umm Ruman Umm Rumān Zaynab bint ‘Āmir' ibn Uwaymir ibn Abd Shams ibn Attab Al-Kinaniyah (death 628), known by her "kunyah" "Umm Rumān" (Arabic: أمّ رومان زينب بنت عامر بن عويمر بن عبد شمس بن عتاب الكنانية‎ ‎ ) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. She was a wife of Abu Bakr and the mother of ‘Ā’ishah, a wife of Muḥammad.
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Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah to attack the people of Jurash took place in 10 AH of the Islamic calendar, around Spring (632 AD in the Gregorian calendar).
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Year of Sorrow In the Islamic tradition, the Year of Sorrow (Arabic: عام الحزن‎ , "‘Ām al-Ḥuzn " ‎ , also translated Year of Sadness) is the Hijri year in which Muhammad's wife Khadijah and his uncle and protector Abu Talib died. The year approximately coincided with 619 CE or the tenth year after Muhammad's first revelation.
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Zayd bin al-Dathinnah Zayd bin al-Dathinnah was a companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. He was killed during the Expedition of Al Raji. In 625 some men requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam, but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers and they killed the Muslim's
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Ibn Ishaq Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn Yasār ibn Khiyār (] ; according to some sources, ibn Khabbār, or Kūmān, or Kūtān, Arabic: محمد بن إسحاق بن يسار بن خيار‎ ‎ , or simply ibn Isḥaq, ابن إسحاق, meaning "the son of Isaac"; died 767 or 761) was an Arab Muslim historian and hagiographer. Ibn Ishaq collected oral traditions that formed the basis of an important biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Ridda wars The Ridda wars (Arabic: حروب الردة), also known as the Wars of Apostasy, were a series of military campaigns launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr against rebel Arabian tribes during 632 and 633 AD, just after Muhammad died. The rebels' position was that they had submitted to Muhammad as the prophet of God, but owed nothing to Abu Bakr. Some rebels followed either Tulayha or Musaylima or Sajjah, all of whom claimed prophethood. Most of the tribes were defeated and reintegrated into the Caliphate. The peoples surrounding Mecca did not revolt.
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Jahsh ibn Riyab Jahsh ibn Riyab was a companion of Muhammad.
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Haram bin Milhan Haram bin Milhan was a companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. During the Expedition of Bir Maona, Muslims sent a messenger(Haram bin Milhan) with a letter of Muhammad to Amir bin Tufayl, the cousin of Abu Bara and the chief of Banu Amir. Amir did not read the Message but rather ordered a man to spear Haram bin Milhan in the back.
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Ka‘b bin Zaid bin An-Najjar Ka‘b bin Zaid bin An-Najjar was a companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. He was a survivor at the Expedition of Bir Maona. So, Amir bin Tufayl took the help of Banu Salim against the Muslims. Together, they attacked the Muslims. The Muslims fought back, but in the end, all of them were killed except for Ka‘b bin Zaid bin An-Najjar who was carried wounded from among the dead. He later died in the Battle of the Trench.
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Abdullah ibn Mubarak ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak (118/726-797 AH/CE; Arabic: عبد الله بن المبارك) was born during the reign of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. ‘Abdullah ibn Mubarak was an early, pious Muslim known for his memory and zeal for knowledge, collected hadīth (muhaddith), and was remembered for his asceticism. He earned the title "Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith". His father, named Mubarak, was Turkmanish from Khurasan and became a client (mawālī) of an Arab trader from the tribe of Banī Hanẓala in the city of Hamadhān, and his mother was said to have been from Khwārizm. Mubarak later married Hind, the trader's daughter. It is said that ‘Abdullah ibn Mubarak left his hometown of Merv, and while living in Hamadhān, went on to visit and speak often in Baghdād. Imam Ahmad said about Abdullah ibn Mubarak that there was no one more eager to travel for seeking knowledge than him. His teachers included Sufyān al-Thawrī and Abū Hanīfa. He wrote Kitāb al-Jihād, a collection of hadīth and sayings of the early Muslims on war, and Kitāb al-Zuhd wa al-Rāqa’iq, a book on asceticism. He was also known for defending Islamic borders (see Ribat) on the frontiers of Tarsus and al-Massisah, and later died at Hīt, near the Euphrates, in the year 797 CE.
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Umar Umar ( ), also spelled Omar ( ; Arabic: عمر بن الخطاب‎ , "ʿUmar ibn Al-Khaṭṭāb ", 'Umar, Son of Al-Khattab' ‎ , born c.584 CEdied 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He was a senior companion of the Prophet Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632–634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. He was an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). He is sometimes referred to as Umar I by certain historians of Islam, since a later Umayyad caliph, Umar II, also bore that name.
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Invasion of Banu Nadir The invasion of Banu Nadir took place in August 625 AD ("Rabi' al-awwal", 4 AH) The account is related in Surah Al-Hashr (Chapter 59 - The Gathering) which describes the banishment of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir who were expelled from Medina after being accused of plotting to assassinate the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Waqid ibn Abdullah Waqid ibn Abdullah was a companion of Muhammad who participated in the Nakhla Raid during Muhammad's era. He was the first person to kill someone in the name of Islam. While the Quraysh were busy preparing food during the Nakhla Raid, the Muslims attacked. In the short battle that took place, Waqid ibn Abdullah killed Amr ibn Hadrami by shooting an arrow at the leader of the Quraysh caravan. The Muslims captured two Quraysh tribe members. Nawfal ibn Abdullah managed to escape. The Muslims took Uthman ibn Abdullah and al-Hakam ibn Kaysan as captives. Abdullah ibn Jahsh returned to Medina with the booty and with the two prisoners. The followers planned to give one-fifth of the booty to Muhammad.
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Qasim ibn Muhammad Qasim ibn Muhammad (Arabic: قاسم بن محمد‎ ‎ ) was a son of Muhammad and Khadijah bint Khuwaylid. He died in 600 or 601 AD (before the start of his father's prophethood in 610), before his second birthday and is buried in Jannatul Mualla cemetery, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
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Aisha ‘Ā’ishah bint Abī Bakr (613/614 – 678 CE; Arabic: عائشة‎ ‎ transliteration: "‘Ā’ishah" ] , also transcribed as A'ishah, Aisyah, Ayesha, A'isha, Aishat, Aishah, or Aisha ) was one of Muhammad's wives. In Islamic writings, her name is thus often prefixed by the title "Mother of the Believers" (Arabic: أمّ المؤمنين "umm al-mu'minīn"), per the description of Muhammad's wives in the Qur'an.
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Raid on al-Ghabah Raid on al-Ghabah was a military expedition of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad that took place in 6AH of the Islamic calendar (i.e. 627 C.E). No orders given by Muhammad in this expedition but Amr ibn al-Akwa attacks Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari after seeing him seize 20 of Muhammad's camels. One Muslim shepherd was killed, and his wife captured.
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Ma'bad al-Juhani Ma'bad ibn Kalid al-Juhani معبد الجهني (died 80 AH/ 699CE), was from the tribe of Juhainah which lived and still live in around the city of Medinah in Saudi Arabia. He was Qadari, an idea he got from Sinbuya, and was declared as misguided by some of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was crucified by the orders of the Caliph Abd al-Malik in Damascus. He was the first man, after Sinbuya, who discussed the Qadr (Divine Decree).
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Khalid ibn Sa`id Khālid ibn Sa`īd ibn al-As or Khalid ibn Sa`d ibn al-`As al-Amawi (Arabic: خالد بن سعيد‎ ‎ ) (d. 634 CE), was a companion to Muhammad.
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Family tree of Umar ' Umar ibn al-Khattāb (c. 581 – 644), sometimes referred by Sunni Muslims as ' Umar al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes between right and wrong") was from the Banu Adi clan of the Quraysh tribe. He was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and became the second Sunni Caliph (634 – 644) following the death of Abu Bakr, the first Caliph.
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Utbah ibn Rabi'ah ʿUtbah ibn Rabīʿah (Arabic: عتبة بن ربيعة‎ ‎ ) (c.563-624) was one of the prominent Leaders of Quraish during the era of Muhammad.