What region of Afghanistan borders Pewar, Pakistan and was home to the Mujahedeen?
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Pewar Pewar its 16 km far from the capital city Parachinar of Kurram Agency, and the one of the village near to parachinar Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. Pewar is situated on a neck of Pakistani territory south of Peshawar, that juts into Paktia Province of Afghanistan. It is the closest point in Pakistan to Kabul and borders on the Tora Bora region of Afghanistan. Turi, Bangash, Orakzai, Zazai, Mangal and Para Tsamkani are the major tribes in Pewar,Parachinar. Pewar has four seasons. Pewar is very famous for its fresh fruits, fresh vegetables and snowfall.
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Tora Bora Tora Bora (Pashto: توره بوړه‎ , "Black Cave") is a cave complex, part of the Spīn Ghar mountain range of eastern Afghanistan. It is situated in the Pachir Aw Agam District of Nangarhar, approximately 50 km west of the Khyber Pass and 10 km north of the border of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas in Pakistan. Tora Bora was known to be a stronghold location of the Taliban, used by military forces against the Soviet Union during the 1980s. Tora Bora and the surrounding Spīn Ghar range had natural caverns formed by streams eating into the limestone, that had later been expanded into a CIA-financed complex built for the Mujahedeen.
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Ishkoman Valley The Ishkoman (اشکومن) valley lies in the north of Pakistan in Gilgit-Baltistan, bordering Afghanistan and the Pamir Wakhan Corridor.
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Massoud Foundation The Massoud Foundation (founded as the Ahmad Shah Massoud Foundation; Dari Persian: بنیاد شهید احمد شاه مسعود ) is a non-profit and non-governmental organization operating in Afghanistan. It was established in Kabul in 2003 to preserve and spread the values, leadership, and ideals of the late Ahmad Shah Massoud, the Lion of the Panjshir, who was a founding father of the resistance against the Soviet invasion in the 1980s and then against the Taliban and Al-Qaeda in the 1990s until he was assassinated by Al-Qaeda just two days prior to 9/11.
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Frontier Regions The Frontier Regions (often abbreviated as FR) of Pakistan are a group of small administrative units in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), lying immediately to the east of the seven main tribal agencies and west of the settled districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Each of the Frontier Regions is named after an adjoining settled district and is administered by the district coordination officer (DCO) of that adjacent district. The overall administration of the Frontier Regions is carried out by the FATA Secretariat based in Peshawar, the capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The six Frontier Regions are:
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Afghan Turkestan Afghan Turkestan is a region in northern Afghanistan, on the border with the former Soviet republics of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In the 19th century there was a province in Afghanistan named Turkestan Province until abolished by Abdur Rahman, and was centred on Mazari Sharif and included territory in the modern provinces of Balkh, Jowzjan, Faryab and Sar-e Pol. The whole territory, from the junction of the Kokcha river with the Amu Darya on the north-east to the province of Herat on the south-west, was some 500 mi in length, with an average width from the Russian frontier to the Hindu Kush of 114 miles (183 km). It thus comprised about 57,000 sqmi or roughly two-ninths of the former Kingdom of Afghanistan.
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Khalq Khalq ("Masses" or "People" in Pashto) was a faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. Its historical leaders were Presidents Nur Muhammad Taraki and Hafizullah Amin. It was also the name of the leftist newspaper produced by the same movement. It was supported by the USSR and was formed in 1965 when the PDPA was born. The Khalqist wing of the party was made up primarily of Pashtuns from non-elite classes. However, their Marxism was often a vehicle for tribal resentments. Bitter resentment between the Khalq and Parcham factions eventually led to the failure of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan that was formed as a result of the Saur Revolution. It was also responsible for the radical reforms that encouraged the rebellion of the religious segments present in the Afghan society, which led to the creation of the Mujahideen and, eventually, to the Soviet military intervention in December 1979.
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Turks in Afghanistan Turks in Afghanistan are Turkish people who live in Afghanistan. The majority are recent arrivals and are involved in ISAF operations, construction companies or humanitarian aid projects. The Turkish army was one of the first of the ISAF forces to use civilian projects to redevelop areas of central Afghanistan. Some economic ties exist between Turkey and Uzbek people in Northern-Afghanistan and there are Turkish police trainers in Wardak, in the east of the country.
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Charikar Charikar (Persian: چاریکار‎ ‎ , pronounced "Chârikâr") is the main town of the Kohdaman Valley and the capital of Parwan Province in northern Afghanistan. It has a population of around 171,200, which is a multi-ethnic society.
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Sher Khan Bandar Sher Khan Bandar (Pashto/Persian: شېرخان بندر ) is a border town and a port in the Kunduz Province of Afghanistan, next to the Panj River near the border with Tajikistan. Its old name was Qezel Qal'eh. It was renamed after Sher Khan Nashir, Khan of the Kharoti tribe, governor of the Kunduz region in the 1930s. The port links Kunduz and Kabul in Afghanistan with Qurghonteppa and Dushanbe in Tajikistan.
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Pashtun diaspora Pashtun diaspora refers to ethnic Pashtuns who live outside of their traditional homeland of Pashtunistan, which is south of the Amu River in Afghanistan and west of the Indus River in Pakistan. Pakistan is home to the largest Pashtun community. Smaller populations of Pashtuns are found in the European Union, North America, Australia and other parts of the world. They may also be found in the Middle East, particularly in the United Arab Emirates, Iran, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain. In Northern India, there are communities of Indians who trace their origins to the traditional Pashtun homeland.
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Khaneqah, Afghanistan It is located near the border with Turkmenistan.
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Pachir Aw Agam District Pachir Aw Agam (Pashto: پچير او اګام ولسوالۍ‎ , Persian: ولسوالی پچیر او اگام‎ ‎ ), or Pachir Wa Agam, is a district in the southeast of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, bordering Pakistan. Its population, which is 100% Pashtun, was estimated at 39,280 in 2002, of whom 15,700 were children under 12. The district centre is the village of Pachir Aw Agam.
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Soviet–Afghan War The Soviet–Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989. Insurgent groups known as the mujahideen fought against the Soviet Army and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Between 562,000 and 2,000,000 civilians were killed and millions of Afghans fled the country as refugees, mostly to Pakistan and Iran. The war is considered part of the Cold War.
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Daykundi Province Daykundi (Dari: دایکندی‎ ‎ ; Pashto: دایکنډي‎ , ] ), sometimes spelled as "Daikundi", "Dāykondī", "Daikondi" or "Daykundi", is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the central part of the country. It has a population of about 723,980, which is a Hazara Province.
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Mohammed Zaman Hajji Mohammed Zaman ("Zaman Ghamsharik") (29 April 1965 – 22 February 2010) was a Pashtun Afghan military leader and politician. He was an ethnic Pashtun, connected to the Khungani tribe. According to Maj. Dalton Fury, who fought together with Ghamsharik in November/December 2001 in the Tora Bora campaign against the Taliban, Haji Zaman had been "one of the more infamous mujahideen junior commanders during the Soviet-Afg. War. When the Tailban took over, Zaman departed Afg. for France. He visited Alexandria, VA numerous times over the years and was known to favor the bite of fine Johnnie Walker Red scotch. When the Taliban fell from grace after 9/11, the articulate and cunning warlord returned to his homeland to reclaim his former VIP status. He was said to have influential friends w/in neighboring Pakistan, including members of the Pakistan intelligence service." He reportedly led a force of 4,000 men during the campaign to oust Afghanistan's Soviet occupiers.
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Ismatullah Muslim Ismatullah, an Achakzai Pashtun from southern Kandahar, rose to the rank of major in the Afghan army, after having undergone training in the Soviet Union. In 1979 he led his tribe to join the mujahideen resistance against the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, and due to his important tribal following, became one of the principal mujahideen commanders in the Kandahar area. As well as military operations, he also perpetuated the tribal tradition of smuggling various goods across the border, including heroin.
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Korangal Valley campaign The Korangal Valley campaign was a series of military operations conducted by ISAF forces against Taliban insurgents in the Korangal Valley in Kunar province, Afghanistan, from October 2004 to April 2010. The campaign ended with a US withdrawal from the valley, after suffering heavy casualties, and a Taliban takeover of the area.
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South Waziristan South Waziristan (Pashto: سويلي وزيرستان قبايلي سيمه‎ ; Urdu: جنوبی وزیرستان ایجنسی‎ ) is the southern part of Waziristan, a mountainous region of northwest Pakistan, that covers some 11,585 km² (4,473 mi²). Waziristan comprises the area west and southwest of Peshawar between the Tochi River to the north and the Gomal River to the south, forming part of Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). The Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa lies immediately to the east. The region was an independent tribal territory from 1893, remaining outside of British-ruled empire and Afghanistan. Tribal raiding into British-ruled territory was a constant problem for the British, requiring frequent punitive expeditions between 1860 and 1945. Troops of the British Raj coined a name for this region "Hell's Door Knocker" in recognition of the fearsome reputation of the local fighters and inhospitable terrain. The region became part of Pakistan in 1947.
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N2KL N2KL is the designation used by the United States and Coalition Forces for an area in Regional Command East comprising four provinces of Afghanistan; Nangarhar, Nuristan, Kunar, and Laghman. These provinces border Pakistan, a fact important in the infiltration of Afghanistan from Pakistan and of Pakistan from Afghanistan and smuggling of weapons, narcotics, lumber, copper, gemstones, marble, vehicles, and electronic products, as well as ordinary consumer goods. Furthermore, the area is of strategic significance due to its natural resources, including water, agriculture, timber, and gems.
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Mahsud The Maseed, Mahsūd (Pashto: مسید، محسود‎ ), also spelled Māsīd (Pashto: ماسيد‎ ), is a Karlani Pashtun tribe inhabiting parts of the South Waziristan Agency in Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan. A number of Maseed lineages are settled in the Logar Province of Afghanistan, especially in Charkh District, Baraki barak and Muhammad Agha, but also in Wardak, Ghazni and Kunduz Provinces. The Maseeds inhabit the center and north of South Waziristan valley, surrounded on three sides by the Darweshkhel Wazirs, and being shut off by the Bettanis on the east from the Derajat and Bannu districts. Two Pashtun tribes, the Ahmadzai Wazirs and the Maseeds, inhabit and dominate South Waziristan. Within the heart of Maseed territory in South Waziristan lies the influential Ormur (Burki) tribe's stronghold of Kaniguram. The Ormurs are considered by other tribes of South Waziristan to be close brethren of the Maseeds due to marital and other ties and the fact that the Ormurs have lived in and controlled Kaniguram for over a thousand years. There are also some Maseeds living in the UAE, Germany and the United Kingdom.
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Maruf District Maruf District (from the Persian: معروف) (also:Ma'ruf, Maroof) is a district in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Arghistan District to the west, Zabul Province to the north and Pakistan to the east and south. The population is 200000 (2006). The district center is the town of Maruf, located in the northern part of the district. It is a boundary mountainous district with a lot of rugged mountain passes towards Pakistan.