The failed Escobar Rebellion of 1929 challenged the political power of what political leader, who had been the interior minister under Mexican President Alvaro Obregon?
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José Gonzalo Escobar General Don José Gonzalo Escobar (1892-1969) was an officer in the Mexican Army and leader of the failed Escobar Rebellion in 1929, which challenged the political power of Plutarco Elías Calles .
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Plutarco Elías Calles Plutarco Elías Calles (] ; September 25, 1877 – October 19, 1945) was a Mexican general and politician. He was the powerful interior minister under President Álvaro Obregón, who chose Calles as his successor. The 1924 Calles presidential campaign was the first populist presidential campaign in the nation's history, as he called for land redistribution and promised equal justice, more education, additional labor rights, and democratic governance. Calles indeed tried to fulfill his promises during his populist phase (1924–26), but entered an anti-clerical phase (1926–28).
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Battle of Celaya The Battle of Celaya, 6–15 April 1915, was part of a series of military engagements in the Bajío during the Mexican Revolution between the winners, who had allied against the regime of Gen. Victoriano Huerta (February 1913 to July 1914) and then fought each other for control of Mexico. The Constitutionalists under Gen. Venustiano Carranza faced off against the Army of the Convention of Aguascalientes. The Convention allied Francisco "Pancho" Villa and Emiliano Zapata, who in practice remained in his stronghold of Morelos. The first battle of Celaya was fought April 6–7, 1915, near Celaya in present-day Guanajuato, Mexico. The second battle of Celaya was fought April 15–16. These encounters between the Constitutionalist Army led by Gen. Álvaro Obregón, Venustiano Carranza's best general, and the army under the command of Pancho Villa were crucial in determining the outcome of the Mexican Revolution.
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José María Larios José María Larios (died 1829) was a Mexican insurgent who served as a captain under the orders of José María Morelos y Pavón, working along with him during the Siege of Cuautla. Also, he is recognised for having enacted a plan in 1829 to impose Vicente Guerrero as President of Mexico, after the events of the .
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José María Lozano José María Lozano (29 October 1878 – 17 August 1933) was a Mexican lawyer and conservative politician who briefly served as Secretary of Public Instruction and Fine Arts and Secretary of Commerce and Public Works in the cabinet of Victoriano Huerta, the army general who assumed control of the country following a coup d'état against the democratically elected president, Francisco I. Madero.
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Rodrigo Lara Rodrigo Lara Bonilla (August 11, 1946 – April 30, 1984) was a Colombian lawyer and politician, who served as Minister of Justice under President Belisario Betancur, and was assassinated by orders of Pablo Escobar because of his work as Minister in prosecuting cocaine traffickers mainly belonging to the Medellín Cartel.
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Andrés Manuel López Obrador Andrés Manuel López Obrador (] ; born November 13, 1953), also known as AMLO, is a Mexican politician who held the position of Head of Government of the Federal District from 2000 to 2005, before resigning in July 2005 to contend the 2006 presidential election, representing the Coalition for the Good of All, a coalition led by the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) that includes the Convergence party and the Labor Party.
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Tampico Affair The Tampico Affair began as a minor incident involving U.S. sailors and Mexican land forces loyal to Mexican dictator General Victoriano Huerta during the "guerra de las facciones" (faction wars) phase of the Mexican Revolution. A misunderstanding occurred on April 9, 1914, but developed into a breakdown of diplomatic relations between the two countries. As a result, the United States invaded the port city of Veracruz, occupying it for more than six months. This contributed to the fall of President Victoriano Huerta, who resigned in July 1914.
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Norte Grande insurrection Norte Grande insurrection (December 25, 1931) (Spanish: "Motín del Norte Grande" ) was a violent (and ultimately unsuccessful) attempt against the government of Chilean President Juan Esteban Montero.
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Luis N. Morones Luis Negrette Morones (1890 – 1964) was a Mexican union boss who served as secretary general of the Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers ("Confederación Regional Obrera Mexicana", CROM) and as secretary of economy under President Plutarco Elías Calles, 1924-1928. He is considered the "most important union leader of the 1920s...and undoubtedly decisive in Mexico's post-Revolutionary reconstruction."
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Secretariat of Public Security The Mexican Secretariat of Public Security or Secretariat of Public Safety also known as Ministry of Public Security and Ministry of Public Safety (Spanish: "Secretaría de Seguridad Pública" , "SSP"), was the federal ministry of the Mexican Executive Cabinet which aimed to preserve freedom, order and public peace, and safeguard the integrity and rights of the people, the Assistant Attorney General and Powers of the Union, to prevent the commission of crimes, develop public security policy of the Federal Executive and propose policy on crime, administer the federal prison system, and for the treatment of juvenile offenders, in terms of the powers him by the Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration and other federal laws and regulations, decrees, agreements and orders of the President of the Republic. It had its headquarters in Álvaro Obregón, Mexico City.
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Manuel Francisco Pavón Aycinena Manuel Francisco Pavón Aycinena (1798 - 19 April 1855) was an influential conservative Guatemalan politician during the regime of General Rafael Carrera. Leader of the Aycinena family, was in charge of setting up the government executive branch during this period, holding practilly all of the Cabinet offices over the years. The liberal historians portray him as a villain in a despotic and tyrannical government headed by illiterate "Raca Carraca" - Rafael Carrera; However, research conducted between 1980 and 2010 has shown a more objective biography of both Pavón and Rafael Carrera and show that it was in fact Carrera who had the reins of the Conservative government.
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Clemente Vazquez Bello Clemente Vázquez Bello (23 November 1887 – 28 September 1932) was President of the Cuban Senate throughout the administration of Cuban President Gerardo Machado. Vázquez belonged to the Liberal Party of Cuba and was a key figure in the Machado regime during the 1920s and early 1930s.
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Omar Torrijos Omar Efraín Torrijos Herrera (February 13, 1929 – July 31, 1981), more commonly known as Omar Torrijos, was the Commander of the Panamanian and National Guard and the "de facto" dictator of Panama from 1968 to 1981. Torrijos was never officially the president of Panama, but instead held titles including "Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution" and "Supreme Chief of Government." Torrijos took power in a "coup d'état" and instituted a number of social reforms and his regime was considered progressive.
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Francisco Morazán Francisco Morazán (] ; born October 3, 1792 – September 15, 1842) was a Honduran politician who was president of the Federal Republic of Central America from 1830 to 1839. Before he was president of Central America he was head of state of Honduras, He rose to prominence at the legendary Battle of La Trinidad on November 11, 1827. Since then, and until his execution in 1842, Morazán dominated the political and military scene of Central America.
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Francisco José Múgica Francisco Jose Mugica Velázquez ( September 3, 1884 – April 12, 1954). was a military revolutionary, Major General and Mexican politician. Constituent in the Constitutional Congress in 1917 that made the Constitution of Mexico and governor of the state of Tabasco and Michoacán and the then Territory of Baja California Sur and Marias Islands, plus the head of the secretariats of National Economy and Communications and Public Works during the government of Lazaro Cardenas
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Continuismo Continuismo (English: Continuism ) is the practice by incumbents of keeping themselves in office beyond the legal term. Some Latin American heads of state indefinitely extend their rule by way of reducing or abolishing term limits, via constitutional revision. Examples are (Juan Perón, Argentina; Alfredo Stroessner, Paraguay; Evo Morales, Bolivia). Another tactic is legislative enactment, such as with (Jorge Ubico, Guatemala in 1941). A third tactic is by plebiscite (Carlos Castillo Armas, Guatemala [1954]) and Marcos Pérez Jiménez ,Venezuela, 1958)) and the 1988 failed attempt by Augusto Pinochet in Chile. A further type is internal coup (Getulio Vargas, Brazil). Yet another way is the imposition of a weak successor candidate allowing rule by the outgoing incumbent (Emilio Portes Gil and Abelardo Rodríguez in Mexico allowing Plutarco Elías Calles, ""el jefe máximo"", to continue ruling, a period known as the Maximato). The extension of family rule occurred in Nicaragua with the Somoza family; in Argentina with Juan Perón; and then more recently Nestor Kirchner and his wife Cristina Fernández de Kirchner; and in Cuba with Fidel Castro and his brother Raúl Castro. Despite Peru's one term limit established by its 1979 constitution, Alberto Fujimori illegally extended his rule to ten years through two re-elections.
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José Vasconcelos José Vasconcelos Calderón (28 February 1882 – 30 June 1959) has been called the "cultural caudillo" of the Mexican Revolution He was an important Mexican writer, philosopher and politician. He is one of the most influential and controversial personalities in the development of modern Mexico. His philosophy of the "cosmic race" affected all aspects of Mexican sociocultural, political, and economic policies.
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Pedro Celestino Negrete Pedro Celestino Negrete (May 14, 1777 – April 11, 1846) was a Spanish politician and military man who served as a member of the interim government of México after the abolition of the First Mexican Empire. He fought alongside of Agustín de Iturbide in the royalist army during the Mexican War of Independence. He was a close collaborator of Iturbide during the empire, and then pressured him to abdicate to the Mexican crown.
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Luis Gonzaga Cuevas Luis Gonzaga Cuevas Inclan (Lerma de Villada, 10 July 1799 - City of Mexico , 12 January 1867) was a Mexican politician and diplomat. He studied law at the Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City and worked as a lawyer. He began to hold public office at age 25 and in 1826 entered as an official in the Secretariat (Ministry) of Interior and Exterior Relations. He was chargé d'affaires of Mexican embassies in Prussia and Britain, and briefly served as Secretary (Minister) of Foreign Affairs on two occasions during the second government of President Anastasio Bustamante (April-October 1837 and January-November 1838).
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Charro (Mexican politics) In Mexican politics and labor, a charro or líder charro ("charro leader") is a government-appointed union boss.
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Santos Acosta Manuel María de los Santos Acosta Castillo (1828–1901) was a Colombian General and political figure. He served as the president of Colombia from 1867 until 1868.