John Foxe (1516/17 – 18 April 1587) was an English historian and martyrologist, the author of "Actes and Monuments", an account of Christian martyrs throughout Western history but emphasizing the sufferings of English Protestants and proto-Protestants from the fourteenth century through the reign of which Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death?
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John Foxe John Foxe (1516/17 – 18 April 1587) was an English historian and martyrologist, the author of "Actes and Monuments" (popularly known as "Foxe's Book of Martyrs"), an account of Christian martyrs throughout Western history but emphasizing the sufferings of English Protestants and proto-Protestants from the fourteenth century through the reign of Mary I. Widely owned and read by English Puritans, the book helped mould British popular opinion about the Catholic Church for several centuries.
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Mary I of England Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death. Mary is best known for her aggressive and bloody pursuit of the restoration of Roman Catholicism in England and Ireland in an attempt to reverse the English Reformation of her father, Henry VIII.
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Nicholas Garlick Blessed Nicholas Garlick (c. 1555 – 24 July 1588) was an English catholic priest, martyred in Derby in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
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Wendelmoet Claesdochter Wendelmoet Claesdochter, or "Weynke Arisdochter of Monnickendam", (born in Monnickendam, died 1527 in The Hague), was a Dutch Lutheran. She was executed for heresy by strangulation followed by burning, and is known as the first woman victim to the religious persecutions in the Netherlands during the reign of Emperor Charles V. She was a leading figure in spreading the protestantism in Monnickendam through bible meetings. She was used in propaganda as a protestant martyr, and appeared in the protestant martyrs book "Het offer des Heeren" since the 1570 edition.
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List of people burned as heretics The book "Acts and Monuments" by John Foxe, commonly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs lists many more than this.
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Foxe's Book of Martyrs The Actes and Monuments, popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, is a work of Protestant history and martyrology by John Foxe, first published in English in 1563 by John Day. It includes a polemical account of the sufferings of Protestants under the Catholic Church, with particular emphasis on England and Scotland. The book was highly influential in those countries and helped shape lasting popular notions of Catholicism there. The book went through four editions in Foxe's lifetime and a number of later editions and abridgements, including some that specifically reduced the text to a "Book of Martyrs".
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Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (1443 – 21 May 1524), styled Earl of Surrey from 1483 to 1485 and again from 1489 to 1514, was an English nobleman and politician. He was the only son of John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Katherine Moleyns. The Duke was the grandfather of both Queen Anne Boleyn and Queen Catherine Howard and the great grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I. He served four monarchs as a soldier and statesman.
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Second Succession Act The Second Succession Act was a piece of legislation passed by the Parliament of England in June 1536, during the reign of Henry VIII.
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Anne Hungerford Anne Hungerford (née Dormer; 1525–1603) was an English courtier during the reign of Queen Mary I, and poet.
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Laurence Humphreys Laurence Humphreys (1571–1591) was an English Catholic martyr and saint. He was born in Hampshire, into a Protestant family.
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Irish Catholic Martyrs Irish Catholic Martyrs were dozens of people who have been sanctified in varying degrees for dying for their Roman Catholic faith between 1537 and 1714 in Ireland. The canonisation of Oliver Plunkett in 1975 brought an awareness of the other men and women who died for the Catholic faith in the 16th and 17th centuries. On 22 September 1992 Pope John Paul II proclaimed a representative group from Ireland as martyrs and beatified them. "Martyr" was originally a Greek word meaning “witness”. In the Acts of the Apostles, Peter, speaking to those in Jerusalem at Pentecost, claimed he and all the apostles were “martyrs”, that is, witnesses, in this case to Jesus's resurrection. Later the word came to mean a person who followed the example of Christ and gave up their lives rather than deny their faith.
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Agnes Prest Agnes Prest (died 15 August 1557) was an English Protestant martyr from the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary. She was burned at the stake at Southernhay in Exeter in 1557. According to "Foxe's Book of Martyrs", and the story of Exeter Protestant Martyrs she lived near Launceston, Cornwall, and was married to a Catholic husband. She left her husband over his Catholicism, and went to be a spinner but she later on returned to him and was arrested and indicted at the Launceston Assizes. She was then put in Launceston jail and then transferred to Exeter jail. In Exeter prison, she was brought before the Bishop of Exeter, bishop Turbeville. When questioned, she denied the Catholic doctrine of Transubstantiation. She was then released for a month. Whilst she was released, she is said to have met a Dutch stonemason in Exeter Cathedral who was repairing the statues of the saints beloved of the Catholics. According to Foxe, she said to him "What a madman art thou, to make them new noses, which within a few days shall all lose their heads". After that point she was returned to jail where she had many visitors, including Walter Raleigh's mother, Catherine Raleigh who praised her for her 'Godly life'. She was then tried for heresy by the Mayor of Exeter, refused to recant her beliefs and was executed by being burnt to death on the 15th August 1557..
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Robert Pakington Robert Pakington (c. 1489 – 13 November 1536) was a London merchant and Member of Parliament. He was murdered by a handgun in London in 1536, likely the first such killing in the city. His murder was later interpreted as martyrdom, and recounted in John Foxe's Acts and Monuments. He was the grandfather of Queen Elizabeth I's favourite, Sir John "Lusty" Pakington.
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Elizabeth Grey, 6th Baroness Lisle Elizabeth Grey, 6th Baroness Lisle (c.1482/1484 – c.1525/1526) was an English noblewoman during the reigns of Henry VII and VIII.
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Richard Morgan (Tudor judge) Sir Richard Morgan SL PC (died May 1556) was a Welsh lawyer, judge and politician of the mid-Tudor period. After achieving prominence as a lawyer in the reign of Henry VIII, he became recorder of Gloucester and also Member (MP) of the Parliament of England for Gloucester in the three parliaments of 1545, 1547 and March 1553. He was a notable Catholic supporter of Mary, who made him Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. However, he was soon removed from office and died in mysterious circumstances, apparently suffering from some form of mental disorder.
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Sophia of Hanover Sophia of the Palatinate (commonly referred to as Sophia of Hanover; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714) was the Electress of Hanover from 1692 to 1698. As a granddaughter of James VI and I, she became heir presumptive to the crowns of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Ireland under the Act of Settlement 1701. After the Acts of Union 1707, she became heir presumptive to the unified throne of the Kingdom of Great Britain. She died less than two months before she would have become queen, and her claim to the throne passed on to her eldest son, George Louis, Elector of Hanover, who ascended as George I on 1 August 1714 (Old Style).
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Emma of Normandy Emma of Normandy (c. 985 – 6 March 1052) was a queen consort of England, Denmark and Norway. She was the daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and his second wife, Gunnora. Through her marriages to Æthelred the Unready (1002-1016) and Cnut the Great (1017-1035), she became the Queen Consort of England, Denmark, and Norway. She was the mother of three sons, Edward the Confessor, Alfred, and Harthacnut, as well as two daughters, Goda of England, and Gunhilda of Denmark. Even after her husbands' deaths Emma remained in the public eye, and continued to participate actively in politics. She is the central figure within the "Encomium Emmae Reginae", a critical source for the history of early 11th-century English politics. As Catherine Karkov notes, Emma is one of the most visually represented early medieval queens.
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George Blagge Sir George Blagge (1512 – 17 June 1551) was an English courtier, politician, soldier and a minor poet. He was the Member of Parliament for Bedford from 1545 to 1547, and Westminster from 1547 to 1551, during the reign of Edward VI. His trial and condemnation for heresy in 1546 earned him a place in Protestant martyrology. His family surname was frequently rendered Blage by contemporaries, while another variant was Blake.
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Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk (née Brandon; 16 July 1517 – 20 November 1559) was an English noblewoman, the second child and eldest daughter of King Henry VIII's younger sister, Princess Mary, and Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk. She was the mother of Lady Jane Grey, Lady Catherine Grey, and Lady Mary Grey.
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William Latymer William Latymer or Latimer (1499–1583) was an English evangelical clergyman, Dean of Peterborough from 1560. He was chaplain to Anne Boleyn, and is best known for his biography of her, the "Chronickille of Anne Bulleyne".
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Thomas Wyatt the Younger Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger (1521 – 11 April 1554) was an English politician and rebel leader during the reign of Mary I of England; his rising is traditionally called "Wyatt's rebellion". He was also the son of the English poet and ambassador Sir Thomas Wyatt.
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Margaret Stuart (1598–1600) Margaret of Scotland (Margaret Stuart; 24 December 1598 March 1600) was the second daughter of King James VI of Scotland by Anne of Denmark, daughter of Frederick II of Denmark. Sometime in March 1600, Margaret died of an unknown illness and she was buried in the now ruined Abbey of Holyrood. Three years later, her father ascended the throne of England.