In what year was the inventor of the Abbe prism born?
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Abbe prism In optics, an Abbe prism, named for its inventor, the German physicist Ernst Abbe, is a type of "constant deviation dispersive prism" similar to a Pellin–Broca prism.
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Ernst Abbe Ernst Karl Abbe HonFRMS (23 January 1840 – 14 January 1905) was a German physicist, optical scientist, entrepreneur, and social reformer. Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he laid the foundation of modern optics. Abbe developed numerous optical instruments. He was a co-owner of Carl Zeiss AG, a German manufacturer of research microscopes, astronomical telescopes, planetariums and other optical systems.
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Émile Amagat Émile Hilaire Amagat (2 January 1841, Saint-Satur – 15 February 1915) was a French physicist. His doctoral thesis, published in 1872, expanded on the work of Thomas Andrews, and included plots of the isotherms of carbon dioxide at high pressures. Amagat published a paper in 1877 that contradicted the current understanding at the time, concluding that the coefficient of compressibility of fluids decreased with increasing pressure. He continued to publish data on isotherms for a number of different gases between 1879 and 1882, and invented the hydraulic manometer, which was able to withstand up to 3200 atmospheres, as opposed to 400 atmospheres using a glass apparatus. In 1880 he published his Law of Partial Volumes.
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Paul Jacques Malouin Paul Jacques Malouin (27 June 1701 Caen – 3 January 1778 Versailles) was a French chemist and physicist.
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Marc-Auguste Pictet Marc-Auguste Pictet (] ; July 23, 1752 – April 19, 1825) was a scientific journalist and an experimental natural philosopher (physicist, chemist, meteorologist, astronomer) from Geneva, Switzerland.
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Pierre Henri Hugoniot Pierre-Henri Hugoniot (born in Allenjoie, Doubs, France on June 5, 1851 – died in Nantes, France in February 1887) who mostly lived in Montbéliard, (Franche-Comté). He was an inventor, mathematician, and physicist who worked on fluid mechanics, especially on issues related to material shock.
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Amici prism An Amici prism, named for the astronomer Giovanni Amici, is a type of compound dispersive prism used in spectrometers. The Amici prism consists of two triangular prisms in contact, with the first typically being made from a medium-dispersion crown glass, and the second a higher-dispersion flint glass. Light entering the first prism is refracted at the first air-glass interface, refracted again at the interface between the two prisms, and then exits the second prism at near-normal incidence. The prism angles and materials are chosen such that one wavelength (colour) of light, the "centre wavelength", exits the prism parallel to (but offset from) the entrance beam. The prism assembly is thus a "direct-vision prism", and is commonly used as such in hand-held spectroscopes. Other wavelengths are deflected at angles depending on the glass dispersion of the materials. Looking at a light source through the prism thus shows the optical spectrum of the source.
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Jules Antoine Lissajous Jules Antoine Lissajous (] ) (March 4, 1822 in Versailles – June 24, 1880 in Plombières-les-Dijon) was a French physicist, after whom Lissajous figures are named. Among other innovations, Lissajous invented the Lissajous apparatus, a device that creates the figures that bear his name. In it, a beam of light is bounced off a mirror attached to a vibrating tuning fork, and then reflected off a second mirror attached to a perpendicularly oriented vibrating tuning fork (usually of a different pitch, creating a specific harmonic interval), onto a wall, resulting in a Lissajous figure. This led to the invention of other apparatus such as the harmonograph.
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Louise du Pierry Louise du Pierry or Dupiery, née "Elisabeth Louise Felicité Pourra de la Madeleine" (30 July 1746 – 27 February 1807), was a French astronomer and professor.
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Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval Jacques-Arsène d'Arsonval (June 8, 1851 – December 31, 1940) was a French physician, physicist, and inventor of the moving-coil D'Arsonval galvanometer and the thermocouple ammeter. D'Arsonval was an important contributor to the emerging field of electrophysiology, the study of the effects of electricity on biological organisms, in the nineteenth century.
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Jean Becquerel Jean Becquerel (5 February 1878 – 4 July 1953) was a French physicist, and son of Antoine-Henri Becquerel. He worked on the optical and magnetic properties of crystals, discovering the rotation of the plane of polarisation by a magnetic field. He also published a textbook on relativity. In 1909, he became the fourth in his family to occupy the physics chair at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, following in the footsteps of his father, his grandfather A. E. Becquerel and his great-grandfather Antoine César Becquerel.
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Louis Antoine Louis Antoine (23 November 1888 – 8 February 1971) was a French mathematician who discovered Antoine's necklace, which J. W. Alexander used to construct Antoine's horned sphere.
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Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss ( ; German: "Gauß" , ] ; Latin: "Carolus Fridericus Gauss" ) (30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics.
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Barnett M. Clinedinst Barnett M. Clinedinst, Sr. (December 1835 – December 21, 1900) was an American photographer and inventor. He invented the viewfinder and the mirror-and-prism "reflex" arrangement for which the single-lens reflex camera is named.
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Auguste-Savinien Leblond Auguste-Savinien Leblond d'Olblen (19 October 1760 – 22 February 1811) was a French mathematician. In 1790 he coined the name "metre" for the unit of length.
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Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal ( ; ] ; 19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, writer and Catholic theologian. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalising the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote in defence of the scientific method.
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Antoine Alphonse Chassepot Antoine Alphonse Chassepot (1833–1905) was a French inventor and gunsmith. He was born in 1833 at Mutzig in Alsace.
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Antoine Lavoisier Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution; ] ; 26 August 17438 May 1794;) was a French nobleman and chemist central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology. He is widely considered in popular literature as the "father of modern chemistry".
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Étienne-Louis Malus Étienne-Louis Malus (] ; 23 July 1775 – 24 February 1812) was a French officer, engineer, physicist, and mathematician.
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Hippolyte Marié-Davy Edme Hippolyte Marié-Davy (28 April 1820 – 26 July 1893) was a French chemist and inventor of the 19th century. He was born in Clamecy, Nièvre.
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Denis Papin Denis Papin (22 August 1647 – c. 1713) was a French physicist, mathematician and inventor, best known for his pioneering invention of the steam digester, the forerunner of the pressure cooker and of the steam engine.
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Samuel Morse Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American painter and inventor. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs. He was a co-developer of the Morse code and helped to develop the commercial use of telegraphy.