Who art name was a Chinese general and martial artist best known for countering the "wokou" pirates during the reign of the then known  Empire of the Great Ming?
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Yu Dayou Yu Dayou (1503–1579), courtesy name Zhifu, art name Xujiang, was a Chinese general and martial artist best known for countering the "wokou" pirates along China's southeastern coast during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor in the Ming dynasty.
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Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the Empire of the Great Ming – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming, described by Edwin O. Reischauer, John K. Fairbank and Albert M. Craig as "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last imperial dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the Shun dynasty, soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty), regimes loyal to the Ming throne – collectively called the Southern Ming – survived until 1683.
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Ma Yuan (Han dynasty) Ma Yuan () (14 BC – 49 AD), known by his official title "Fubo Jiangjun" (伏波将军; "General who Calms the Waves"), was an ancient Chinese general of the Eastern Han dynasty. He was descended from the Warring States general Zhao She.
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Zhang Jun (general) Zhang Jun (: "Zhāng Jùn" , 1086–1154), was a Chinese general and official who fought during the Jin–Song Wars. His battle with Jurchen commander Wuzhu at Mingzhou near the temporary Song capital of Hangzhou briefly halted the Jin advance, giving the Song Emperor Gaozong the chance to flee the city by ship. Soon after, his army suppressed rebellions and banditry in the south alongside the generals Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Yang Qizhong, and others. Emperor Gaozong diminished the power of the military by moving Yue, Han, and Zhang to civilian positions in 1141. A year later, the Song finished negotiating a peace treaty with the Jin.
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Yang Yanzhao Yang Yanzhao (楊延昭) ( 958 – 9 February 1014), named Yang Yanlang (楊延朗) before 1012 and Liu Yanlang (劉延朗) before 979, was a military general in ancient China's Northern Song Dynasty. For over 2 decades he defended Song's northern border against the Khitan-ruled Liao Dynasty, helping Song thwart Liao's repeated invasion attempts between 999 and 1004.
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Wong Kei-ying Wong Kei-ying or Huang Qiying (ca. 1815–1886) was a Chinese martial artist and physician who lived in the Qing dynasty. He was one of the Ten Tigers of Canton. His son, Wong Fei-hung, who inherited his martial arts and medical skills, is commonly portrayed as a folk hero in Chinese popular culture.
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Hong Ren Hong Ren, who is also known as Hongren, (Chinese: 弘仁; 1610-1663) was an early Qing painter and a member of the Anhui (or Xin'an) school of painting. His birth name was Jiang Fang. After the fall of the Ming dynasty he became a monk, as did Zhu Da, Shitao, and Kun Can. They protested the fall of the Ming dynasty by becoming monks. Hong Ren's style has been said to "[represent] the world in a dematerialized, cleansed version ... revealing his personal peace through the liberating form of geometric abstraction."
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Yiquan Yi quan, also known as Dacheng quan, is a martial art system founded by the Chinese Xingyiquan master Wang Xiangzhai (王薌齋).
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Ming poetry Ming poetry refers to the poetry of or typical of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). With over one million specimens of Ming poetry surviving today, the poetry of the Ming dynasty represents one of the major periods of Classical Chinese poetry, as well as an area of active modern academic research. Ming poetry (and Chinese art and literature in general) is marked by 2 transitional phases, the transition between the Yuan dynasty which was the predecessor to the Ming, and the Qing-Ming transition which eventually resulted in the succeeding Qing dynasty. Although in politico-dynastic terms, the dynastic leadership of China is historically relatively clear-cut, the poetic periods involved encompass the lifespans and works of poets whose lives and poetic output transcend both the end of one dynasty and the initiatory period of the next.
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Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built 220–206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).
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Ten Tigers of Canton The Ten Tigers of Canton or Ten Tigers of Guangdong refers to a group of ten Chinese martial artists from Guangdong Province who lived around the 19th century during the Qing dynasty in China. They were said to be the best fighters in southern China at the time. Much of their existence has been embellished by folk legends and stories passed down from generation to generation.
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Longqing Emperor The Longqing Emperor (; 4March 15375July 1572), personal name Zhu Zaihou (朱載垕), was the twelfth emperor of the Ming dynasty of China from 1567 to 1572. He was initially known as the Prince of Yu (裕王) from 1539 to 1567 before he became the emperor. His era name, Longqing, means "great celebration".
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Erzhu Rong Erzhu Rong (爾朱榮) (493 – November 1, 530), courtesy name Tianbao (天寶), formally Prince Wu of Jin (晉武王), was a general of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. He was of Xiongnu ancestry, and after Emperor Xiaoming was killed by his mother Empress Dowager Hu in 528, Erzhu overthrew her and put Emperor Xiaozhuang on the throne, but at the same time slaughtered many imperial officials and took over most of actual power either directly or through associates. He then contributed much to the rebuilding of the Northern Wei state, which had been rendered fractured by agrarian rebellions during Emperor Xiaoming's reign. However, in 530, Emperor Xiaozhuang, believing that Erzhu would eventually usurp the throne, tricked Erzhu into the palace and ambushed him. Subsequently, however, Erzhu's clan members, led by his cousin Erzhu Shilong and nephew Erzhu Zhao, defeated and killed Emperor Xiaozhuang. He was often compared by historians to the Han Dynasty general Dong Zhuo, for his ferocity in battle and for his violence and lack of tact.
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Wang Ji (Three Kingdoms) Wang Ji (died 261), courtesy name Boyu, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He became famous in Wei for suppressing a rebellion by the Wei generals Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin in 255. In 257–258, he led the vanguard in countering Zhuge Dan's rebellion and defeated Wu reinforcements led by Zhu Yi and Tang Zi.
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Qing conquest of the Ming The Qing conquest of the Ming, also known as the Ming–Qing transition and as the Manchu conquest of China, was a period of conflict between the Qing dynasty, established by Manchu clan Aisin Gioro in Manchuria (contemporary Northeastern China), and the Ming dynasty of China in the south (various other regional or temporary powers were also associated with events, such as the short-lived Shun dynasty). Leading up to the Qing conquest, in 1618, Aisin Gioro leader Nurhaci commissioned a document entitled the Seven Grievances, which enumerated grievances against the Ming and began to rebel against their domination. Many of the grievances dealt with conflicts against Yehe, which was a major Manchu clan, and Ming favoritism of Yehe. Nurhaci's demand that the Ming pay tribute to him to redress the seven grievances was effectively a declaration of war, as the Ming were not willing to pay money to a former tributary. Shortly afterwards, Nurhaci began to rebel against the Ming in Liaoning in southern Manchuria.
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Gang Bing Gang Bing () was a Chinese general and eunuch who served under the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty.
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Gu Ruzhang Gu Ruzhang or Ku Yu-Cheung (; 1894–1952) was a Chinese martial artist who disseminated the Bak Siu Lum (Northern Shaolin) martial arts system across southern China in the early 20th century. Gu was known for his expertise in Iron Palm** hand conditioning among other Chinese martial art training exercises. He has become a legendary heroic figure in some Chinese martial arts communities.
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Guan Cheng Guan Cheng was a pirate during the end of the Han Dynasty. He was defeated by the combined attacks of Li Dian, Yue Jin and Zhang He
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Pan Qingfu Pan Qingfu (潘清福), also known as Grandmaster Pan, was a Chinese martial artist.
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Wanli Emperor The Wanli Emperor (; 4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620), personal name Zhu Yijun (), was the 13th emperor of the Ming dynasty of China. "Wanli", the era name of his reign, literally means "ten thousand calendars". He was the third son of the Longqing Emperor. His reign of 48 years (1572-1620) was the longest among all the Ming dynasty emperors and it witnessed the steady decline of the dynasty.
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Li Jingye Li Jingye (李敬業) (died December 29, 684), also known as Xu Jingye (徐敬業), was a grandson of the great Tang Dynasty general Li Shiji who, after Emperor Gaozong's wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian) had seized power after Emperor Gaozong's death, rose in rebellion against her, but who was quickly defeated and killed in flight.
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Guo Kan Guo Kan or Kuo K'an (), (1217–1277) was a famous general of Han descent who served the Mongol Khans in their Western conquests and the conquest of China itself. He was descended from a lineage of Chinese generals. Both his father and grandfather had served the Khan, while his forefather Guo Ziyi, a famed general of the Tang Dynasty. He was not a senior Mongol commander but was in charge of Chinese artillery units under the Mongol Empire. He was one of the foreign legions that served the Mongol Empire, and some of the later conquests of the Mongols were done by armies under his command. The biography of this Han commander in the "Yuan Shi" ("History of Yuan") said that Guo Kan's presence struck so much fear in his foes that they called him the "Divine Man".