What was the incident between the Uyghurs and an East Asian ethnic group that constitutes approximately 92% of the population of China?
0aa1254e6e952705e3be196829840508
Shaoguan incident The Shaoguan incident was a civil disturbance which took place overnight on 25/26 June 2009 in Guangdong province, China. A violent dispute erupted between migrant Uyghurs and Han workers at a toy factory in Shaoguan as a result of allegations of the sexual assault of a Han female. Groups of Han set upon Uyghur co-workers, leading to at least two Uyghurs being killed (although other reports indicate a higher death toll), and some 118 people injured, most of them Uyghurs.
e7bbaf2ca74feab9d36ccf5817716dc5
Han Chinese The Han Chinese, Han people or simply Han ( ; ] ; Han characters: 漢人 (Mandarin pinyin: "Hànrén"; literally "Han people") or 漢族 (pinyin: "Hànzú"; literally "Han ethnicity" or "Han ethnic group")) are an East Asian ethnic group. They constitute approximately 92% of the population of China, 95% of Taiwan (Han Taiwanese), 76% of Singapore, 23% of Malaysia and about 17% of the global population, making them the world's largest ethnic group with over 1.3 billion people.
84df6f09a4091dbe3673fb8708f10d3f
Yetaishan Campaign The Yetaishan Campaign (爷台山战役), also known as the Chunhua Incident (淳化事变) by the nationalists and dubbed the Yetaishan Counteroffensive (爷台山反击战) by the communists, was a series of battles fought between the nationalists and the communists during Chinese Civil War shortly before the end of World War II, and resulted in the communist victory.
0610086ca0716d0ccea2a7c63bc40a50
Ethnic Chinese in Russia Ethnic Chinese in Russia officially numbered 34,577 according to the 2002 census. However, this figure is contested, with the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission of the Republic of China on Taiwan claiming 998,000 in 2004 and 2005, and Russian demographers generally accepting estimates in the 200,000–400,000 range as of 2004. Temporary migration and shuttle trade conducted by Chinese merchants are most prevalent in Russia's Far Eastern Federal District, but most go back and forth across the border without settling down in Russia; the Chinese community in Moscow has a higher proportion of long-term residents. Their number has been shrinking since 2013.
e86ac9ec5486c7adebdac71239e8cb50
Siachen Muztagh The Siachen Muztagh is a remote subrange of the eastern Karakoram Range. Close to 60% is in area controlled by China, 40% in area controlled by India. Pakistan claims the Indian-controlled portion as part of the Siachen Conflict. India claims the Chinese-controlled portion. India administers its portion as part of the Jammu and Kashmir state. China administers its portion as part of Xinjiang province.
e4374a8f4d71a36a86e8e7b9eb680aba
China Relief Expedition The China Relief Expedition was an expedition in China undertaken by the United States Armed Forces to rescue United States citizens, European nationals, and other foreign nationals during the latter years of the Boxer Rebellion, which lasted from 1898 to 1901. The China Relief Expedition was part of a multi-national military effort known as the Eight-Nation Alliance to which the United States contributed troops between 1900 and 1901. Towards the close of the expedition, the focus shifted from rescuing non-combatants to suppressing the rebellion. By 1902, at least in the city of Peking, the Boxer Rebellion had been effectively controlled.
5f2ff5caffa60e10c8eb91b9eb580ce2
Dushanzi District Dushanzi (Maytagh) District () is a district within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China and is under the administrative jurisdiction of the Karamay City. It contains an area of 400 km. According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 60,000.
6f1456950fca100d2feb5d4f3b1eed4e
First East Turkestan Republic The First Eastern Turkistan Republic (ETR), or Turkic Islamic Republic of East Turkistan (Uyghur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان ئىسلام جۇمھۇرىيىتى, Шәрқий Түркистан Ислам Җумхурийити ‎ "Sherqiy Türkistan Islam Jumhuriyiti" ), was a short-lived breakaway would-be Islamic republic founded in 1933. It was centered on the city of Kashgar in what is today the People's Republic of China-administered Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Although primarily the product of independence movement of the Uyghur population living there, the ETR was Turkish-ethnic in character, including Kyrgyz, and other Turkic Peoples in its government and its population.
ae97641054e7d745e9c70afccacdfdde
United Revolutionary Front of East Turkestan The United Revolutionary Front of East Turkestan (; URFET) was a Uyghur nationalist group in Xinjiang that participated in the Xinjiang conflict as an armed separatist force. The group was supported logistically by the Soviet Union until 1989.
00a108cc736e37c1f4845eb5e8001c6a
New Qing History The New Qing History is a school of thought that gained prominence in the United States in the mid-1990s by offering a wide-ranging revision of history of the Manchu Qing dynasty. Earlier historians had emphasized the power of Han Chinese to “sinicize” their conquerors, that is, to assimilate and make them Chinese in their thought and institutions. In the 1980s and early 1990s, American scholars began to learn Manchu and took advantage of newly opened Chinese- and Manchu-language archives. This research found that the Manchu rulers were savvy in manipulating their subjects and from the 1630s through at least the 18th century, emperors developed a sense of Manchu identity and used Central Asian models of rule as much as they did Confucian ones. According to some scholars, at the height of their power, the Qing regarded "China" as only a part, although a very important part, of a much wider empire that extended into the Inner Asian territories of Mongolia, Tibet, the Northeast (today sometimes called Manchuria) and Xinjiang, or Chinese (Eastern) Turkestan.
8548dd8fad16fc25d83e3de36c716cdb
1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement The 1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement was a treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union that set up demarcation work to resolve most of the border disputes between the two states. Initially signed by China and the Soviet Union, the terms of the agreement were resumed by Russia after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The treaty resulted in some minor territorial changes along the border.
aea4becd475b1e287190b8ed740d1b32
Loss of China The "loss of China" refers, in U.S. political discourse, to the unexpected Communist Party takeover of mainland China from the American-backed Nationalists in 1949, and therefore the "loss of China to communism". The "loss of China" was portrayed by critics of the Truman Administration as an "avoidable catastrophe". It led to a "rancorous and divisive debate" and the issue was exploited by the Republicans at the polls in 1952. It also played a large role in the rise of Joseph McCarthy, who, with his allies, sought scapegoats for that "loss", targeting notably Owen Lattimore, an influential scholar of Central Asia.
6842fb40eacc60ee0189d1be23c88166
Sun Zhigang incident The Sun Zhigang incident () refers to the 2003 death of the migrant worker Sun Zhigang in Guangzhou, as a result of physical abuse he suffered while being detained under China's custody and repatriation (C&R) system. The case received massive attention in media and on the Internet in China, resulting in the abolition of the C&R system by the national government.
850a285bc540b01b48b4c0f3e3fa69fa
Great Clearance The Great Clearance, also translated as the Great Evacuation or Great Frontier Shift, refers to two edicts by the Kangxi Emperor of Qing (1644–1912), and his regent Oboi, in 1661 and 1662. It required the evacuation of the coastal areas of Guangdong in order to fight the Taiwan-based anti-Qing loyalist movement of the erstwhile Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Other provinces in southern China, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian, as well as Shandong in the north, were also affected to varying degrees. The ban on human settlement of those coastal areas was lifted in 1669, and some residents were allowed to return.
8d7ee4186b73054e467df9d6a23eab9b
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979–90 The Sino-Vietnamese conflicts of 1979–90 were a series of border and naval clashes between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam following the Sino-Vietnamese War in 1979. These clashes lasted from the end of the Sino-Vietnamese War until 1990.
824cc039319881cb03d5d065ed5bc1ac
Chinese people Chinese people are the various individuals or groups of people associated with China, usually through ancestry, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, or other affiliation.
22f76097044de872a358acfadece0e65
Taiwan Strait Crisis The Taiwan Strait Crisis is a conflict involving Republic of China and the People's Republic of China.
9edc0cf19e62e18eaad01b62fbd1c82b
Jin Shuren Jin Shuren (; 1879–1941) was a Han Chinese born in Gansu, was the warlord governor of Xinjiang, succeeding Yang Zengxin when Yang was assassinated in 1928. Jin's rule of Xinjiang for about a half-decade was characterized by strife caused by corruption, suppression and disruption. Ethnic and religious conflicts were intensified and resulted in numerous riots against his regime and his eventual downfall. Jin confiscated the local Turkic lands in order to redistribute them to the Chinese, but he gave these lands to his personal associates. The deception caused the Chinese to become the targets of hatred. Jin also favored the Han over the Turkic (such as the Uighurs) and intensified ethnic conflicts between the Uighurs and Chinese. In April 1933 Jin's White Russian troops changed allegiance, encouraged revolt in Xinjiang, ended his reign and forced him to flee to the USSR. He was succeeded by Sheng Shicai. Jin incurred the wrath of the Kuomintang (KMT) when, without approval, he signed an arms treaty with the Soviet Union. Tungan Gen. Ma Zhongying allied himself with the KMT and his troops became the 36th Division of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA). Ma was ordered to overthrow Jin. Jin was overthrown after the First Battle of Urumqi (1933) by White Russian troops under Col. Pappengut. When he returned to China in October 1933 he was arrested by the KMT, brought to trial in March 1935 and sentenced to 3-1/2 years imprisonment. However, the KMT pardoned him on 10 October 1935 and he was released from prison the next day.
d4c9786d2c4ee64ca3eb1e5af1bde279
Tian Mingjian incident The Tian Mingjian incident was an act of mass murder that occurred in Beijing, China on September 20, 1994, when People's Liberation Army officer First Lieutenant Tian Mingjian (Chinese: 田明建) first killed his officer and several other soldiers at his military base in Tongxian County and afterwards drove towards Jianguomen, where he continued his shooting spree and indiscriminately fired at people in the streets. Dozens were killed and wounded, including an Iranian diplomat and his son, before Lt. Tian was finally shot dead by a police sniper.
7090c6fca187e1edcfbdaad6cd60b7ef
China National Highway 219 China National Highway 219 (G219) runs along the southwestern border of the People's Republic of China, from Yecheng (Karghilik) in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region to Lhatse in the Tibet Autonomous Region. It is 1,296 miles (2,086 kilometers) in length. Construction of this road was started in 1951. It was completed in 1957. The road passes through disputed area of Aksai Chin, an area administered by the People's Republic of China but also claimed by India, and its construction was one of the triggers for the Sino-Indian War of 1962. Originally made of gravel, it was fully paved with asphalt in 2013.
a59e253b691e016b7fa1bade32367fba
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was a conflict that took place between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) in which the PRC shelled the islands of Kinmen and the nearby Matsu Islands along the east coast of the PRC (in the Taiwan Strait) to "liberate" Taiwan from the Chinese Nationalist Party, also called Kuomintang (KMT), and probe the extent of the United States defense of Taiwan's territory.
a47682153085b8d0a9a3ab0cdaa0919c
Yuezhi The Yuezhi or Rouzhi (, ) were an ancient people first reported in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st Millenium BC. After a major defeat by the Xiongnu, during the 2nd century BC, the Yuezhi split into two groups: the Greater Yuezhi ("Dà Yuèzhī" 大月氏) and Lesser Yuezhi ("Xiǎo Yuèzhī" 小月氏).