The iris hypothesis was proposed by an American atmospheric physicist who has published how many scientific papers and books?
09a2ab5e7a74d53f9ca6ccaa0c877529
Iris hypothesis The iris hypothesis is a hypothesis proposed by Richard Lindzen et al. in 2001 that suggested increased sea surface temperature in the tropics would result in reduced cirrus clouds and thus more infrared radiation leakage from Earth's atmosphere. His study of observed changes in cloud coverage and modeled effects on infrared radiation released to space as a result supported the hypothesis. This suggested infrared radiation leakage was hypothesized to be a negative feedback in which an initial warming would result in an overall cooling of the surface. The consensus view is that increased sea surface temperature would result in increased cirrus clouds and reduced infrared radiation leakage and therefore a positive feedback.
62b75216037ff6354747f3e33ef16201
Richard Lindzen Richard Siegmund Lindzen (born February 8, 1940) is an American atmospheric physicist known for his work in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere, atmospheric tides, and ozone photochemistry. He has published more than 200 scientific papers and books. From 1983 until his retirement in 2013, he was Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was a lead author of Chapter 7, "Physical Climate Processes and Feedbacks," of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Third Assessment Report on climate change. He has criticized the scientific consensus about climate change and what he has called "climate alarmism."
fe862f4857ce7a2163e766ef52666ec6
Esther M. Conwell Esther Marley Conwell (May 23, 1922 – November 16, 2014) was a pioneering American chemist and physicist who studied properties of semiconductors and organic conductors, especially electron transport. She is best known for the Conwell-Weisskopf theory which elucidates how electrons travel through semiconductors, an accomplishment that helped revolutionize modern computing.
35b32ed962fc2c097bfcd837c2547caa
Iris flower data set The "Iris" flower data set or Fisher's "Iris" data set is a multivariate data set introduced by the British statistician and biologist Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper "The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems" as an example of linear discriminant analysis. It is sometimes called Anderson's "Iris" data set because Edgar Anderson collected the data to quantify the morphologic variation of "Iris" flowers of three related species. Two of the three species were collected in the Gaspé Peninsula "all from the same pasture, and picked on the same day and measured at the same time by the same person with the same apparatus".
65d49b5e801bc4ee1ee1d27706b90452
Menas Kafatos Menas C. Kafatos (Greek: Μηνάς Καφάτος ; born 25 March 1945) is an American physicist of Greek descent and a writer on spirituality and science. His publications include: "The Nonlocal Universe" and "The Conscious Universe". Kafatos has written and lectured extensively promoting discourse between science, spirituality, and religion. He has held numerous positions at institutions including Chapman University, George Mason University, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
7c549705bc51013167d3580980c7a239
Werner Israel Werner Israel, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born October 4, 1931) is a world renowned physicist, author, researcher, and professor at the University of Victoria.
e316a4332759da90ad11e961c2737b42
James R. Holton James Reed Holton (1938–2004) was a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington. He was a known expert on atmospheric dynamics, and the author of the widely used atmospheric science textbook "An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology".
a31eacb8de748ebe435d807381b102df
Iris Runge Iris Anna Runge (1 June 1888 – 27 January 1966) was a German applied mathematician and physicist.
ff53585a31a1a7cae2e96c2aca926042
Joseph Sweetman Ames Joseph Sweetman Ames (July 3, 1864 – June 24, 1943) was a physicist, professor at Johns Hopkins University, provost of the university from 1926 until 1929, and university president from 1929 until 1935. He is best remembered as one of the founding members of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA, the predecessor of NASA) and its longtime chairman (1919–1939). NASA Ames Research Center is named after him. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1911. He was the 1935 recipient of the Langley Gold Medal from the Smithsonian Institution. Ames was also an assistant editor of "The Astrophysical Journal" and associate editor of the "American Journal of Science"; editor-in-chief of the "Scientific Memoir Series"; and editor of J. von Fraunhofer's memoirs on "Prismatic and Diffractive Spectra" (1898).
65f28ac16d85e5876bfc34549abf6824
Harold Max Rosenberg Harold Max Rosenberg (26 August 1922 – 21 November 1993), was a distinguished experimental physicist who is notable for two successful textbooks: "Low Temperature Solid State Physics" (1963) and "The Solid State" (1975) and over one hundred papers mainly about the electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of solids, especially at low temperatures.
80f168b16005b41f1741abd29cab1b64
Theoretical and Applied Climatology Theoretical and Applied Climatology is a monthly journal published by Springer Science+Business Media which focuses on atmospheric sciences and climatology. It was established in 1949 as "Archives for Meteorology, Geophysics and Bioclimatology, Series B" and obtained its current name in 1986. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media and the editor-in-chief is Hartmut Graßl. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2012 impact factor of 1.759, ranking it 34th out of 74 journals in the category "Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences".
069a78650dba95cfc4fc560da7110ba0
Scott Lilienfeld Scott O. Lilienfeld (born December 23, 1960) is a professor of psychology at Emory University and advocate for evidence-based treatments and methods within the field. He is known for his books "50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology", "Brainwashed", and others that explore and sometimes debunk psychological claims that appear in the popular press. Along with having his work featured in major U.S. newspapers and journals such as "The New York Times", "The New Yorker", and "Scientific American", Lilienfeld has made television appearances on "20/20", CNN and the "CBS Evening News".
671061a400737e35f697ab8200c3283c
James E. McDonald James Edward McDonald (May 7, 1920 – June 13, 1971) was an American physicist. He is best known for his research regarding UFOs. McDonald was senior physicist at the Institute for Atmospheric Physics and professor in the Department of Meteorology, University of Arizona, Tucson.
523b0fe93d2cd5c3c9a14e00f42177ea
G. Evelyn Hutchinson George Evelyn Hutchinson {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'ForMemRS', '4': "} (January 30, 1903 – May 17, 1991), was an American ecologist sometimes described as the "father of modern ecology." He contributed for more than sixty years to the fields of limnology, systems ecology, radiation ecology, entomology, genetics, biogeochemistry, a mathematical theory of population growth, art history, philosophy, religion, and anthropology. He worked on the passage of phosphorus through lakes, the chemistry and biology of lakes, the theory of interspecific competition, and on insect taxonomy and genetics, zoo-geography and African water bugs. He is known as one of the first to combine ecology with mathematics. He became an international expert on lakes and wrote the four-volume "Treatise on Limnology" in 1957.
54ce77da304d5cd9f301a4a9e4d2f3e0
Gerard Kuiper Gerard Peter Kuiper ( ; ] ; born Gerrit Pieter Kuiper; December 7, 1905 – December 23, 1973) was a Dutch–American astronomer, planetary scientist, selenographer, author and professor. He is the eponymous namesake of the Kuiper belt. Kuiper is considered by many to be the father of modern planetary science. As professor at the University of Chicago, he was dissertation advisor to Carl Sagan. In 1958, the two worked on the classified military Project A119, the secret Air Force plan to detonate a nuclear warhead on the Moon.
97ce0b35eee4c0077bd320bac6dd3c92
Robert Kanigel Robert Kanigel (born May 28, 1946) is an American biographer and science writer, known as the author of seven books and more than 400 articles, essays, and reviews.
82d0c70ac6ceae6c95f89b1fad51bd5b
Ransom Stephens Ransom Stephens is an American scientist and author.
a8f5ab7a294c7b033c48c3cb8fd51025
Stephen L. Adler Stephen Louis Adler (born November 30, 1939) is an American physicist specializing in elementary particles and field theory.
d653679b640ef668ac7e83d0bdda119f
William Jackson Humphreys William Jackson Humphreys (February 3, 1862 – November 10, 1949) was an American physicist and atmospheric researcher.
45eea5d46ded7fc5dd00e2097a750e18
List of cloud types The list of cloud types is a summarisation of the modern systems of cloud classification used in the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. The ten basic genus-types in the troposphere have Latin names derived from five physical "forms". These are, in approximate ascending order of instability or convective activity: "stratiform" sheets; "cirriform" wisps and patches; "stratocumuliform" patches, rolls, and ripples; "cumuliform" heaps and tufts, and "cumulonimbiform" towers that often have complex structures. The forms are cross-classified by altitude range or level into ten basic genus types. Most genera are divided into "species", some of which are common to more than one genus. Most genera and species can be subdivided into "varieties", also with Latin names, some of which are common to more than one genus or species. The essentials of the modern nomenclature system for tropospheric clouds were proposed by Luke Howard, a British manufacturing chemist and an amateur meteorologist with broad interests in science, in an 1802 presentation to the Askesian Society. Since 1890, clouds have been classified and illustrated in cloud atlases. Mesospheric and stratospheric clouds have their own classifications with common names for the major types and alpha-numeric nomenclature for the subtypes.
d5b614ac85342664669bce56166821e9
Deane B. Judd Deane Brewster Judd (November 15, 1900 – October 15, 1972) was an American physicist who made important contributions to the fields of colorimetry, color discrimination, color order, and color vision.
848548bce17caae39eea0eb4f0ac1af9
Albert Potter Wills Albert Potter Wills (1873–1937) was an American physicist who researched magnetic materials and was the PhD advisor of the Nobel Prize winner Isidor Isaac Rabi.