The composer, instrumentalist and dancer who introduced French lyric tragedy, a genre of French opera, is considered a master of which style?
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Tragédie en musique Tragédie en musique (Musical tragedy), also known as tragédie lyrique (French lyric tragedy), is a genre of French opera introduced by Jean-Baptiste Lully and used by his followers until the second half of the eighteenth century. Operas in this genre are usually based on stories from Classical mythology or the Italian romantic epics of Tasso and Ariosto. The stories may not have a tragic ending – in fact, they generally don't – but the atmosphere must be noble and elevated. The standard "tragédie en musique" has five acts. Earlier works in the genre were preceded by an allegorical prologue and, during the lifetime of Louis XIV, these generally celebrated the king's noble qualities and his prowess in war. Each of the five acts usually follows a basic pattern, opening with an aria in which one of the main characters expresses their feelings, followed by dialogue in recitative interspersed with short arias ("petits airs"), in which the main business of the plot occurs. Each act traditionally ends with a "divertissement", offering great opportunities for the chorus and the ballet troupe. Composers sometimes changed the order of these features in an act for dramatic reasons.
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Jean-Baptiste Lully Jean-Baptiste Lully (] ; born Giovanni Battista Lulli ] ; 28 November 1632 – 22 March 1687) was an Italian-born French composer, instrumentalist, and dancer who spent most of his life working in the court of Louis XIV of France. He is considered a master of the French baroque style. Lully disavowed any Italian influence in French music of the period. He became a French subject in 1661.
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Jean-Baptiste Hus Jean-Baptiste Hus (Paris, June 1736 – Paris, 1805) was a French ballet dancer and ballet master who used the pseudonym Hus-Malo. He was the son of François Hus and Françoise-Nicole Gravillon, the brother of the future actress Mlle Hus, and a member of the large Hus family, an 18th-century dynasty of dancers and actors. He was a student of Louis Dupré, Gaetan Vestris and Jean-Georges Noverre. He married the ballet dancer Elisabeth Bayard, also known as Mademoiselle Bibi, and adopted her son Pierre-Louis Stapleton as his own, who he helped build a career as a dancer.
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Musique mesurée Musique mesurée à l'antique (] ) was a style of vocal musical composition in France in the late 16th century. In "musique mesurée", longer syllables in the French language were set to longer note values, and shorter syllables to shorter, in a homophonic texture but in a situation of metric fluidity, in an attempt to imitate contemporary understanding of Ancient Greek music. Although this compositional method did not attain popularity at first, it attracted some of the most famous composers of the time. Its basis in a desire to re-create the artistic ethos of Ancient Greece, especially in respect to text declamation, had a strong similarity to contemporary movements in Italy, such as the work of the Florentine Camerata which engendered the first operas, and brought about the beginning of the Baroque era in music.
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Jason (opera) Jason, ou La toison d'or ("Jason, or The Golden Fleece") is an opera by the French composer Pascal Collasse, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opéra) on 15 January 1696. It takes the form of a "tragédie lyrique" in a prologue and five acts. The libretto, by Jean-Baptiste Rousseau, is based on the legend of Jason in the epic poem "Argonautica" by Apollonius of Rhodes.
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Marie Sallé Marie Sallé (1707–1756) was a French dancer and choreographer known for her expressive, dramatic performances rather than a series of "leaps and frolics" typical of ballet of her time.
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Eustache Du Caurroy Eustache du Caurroy (baptised February 4, 1549 – August 7, 1609) was a French composer of the late Renaissance. He was a prominent composer of both secular and sacred music at the end of the Renaissance, including "musique mesurée", and he was also influential on the foundation of the French school of organ music as exemplified in the work of Jean Titelouze.
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Armande de Polignac Armande de Polignac, Comtesse de Chabannes-La Palice (Marie Armande Mathilde; 8 January 1876 – 29 April 1962) was a French composer, the niece of Prince Edmond de Polignac and Princess Winnaretta de Polignac, the patron of Ravel, Stravinsky and Milhaud. She studied with Vincent d'Indy at Schola Cantorum, and married the Comte de Chabanne la Palice.
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Adam Rudolph Adam Rudolph (born September 12, 1955) is a composer, improviser, and percussionist actively involved in modern music. For the past four decades Rudolph has performed extensively in concert throughout North & South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Rudolph has been hailed as "a pioneer in world music" by the New York Times and "a master percussionist" by Musician Magazine. He has released over 25 recordings under his own name, featuring his compositions and percussion work. Rudolph composes for his ensembles Adam Rudolph's Moving Pictures, the Hu Vibrational percussion group, and Go: Organic Orchestra, an 18 to 54 piece ensemble for which he has developed an original music notation and conducting system. He has taught and conducted hundreds of musicians worldwide utilizing the Go: Organic Orchestra concept. In 1995 Rudolph premiered his opera "The Dreamer", based on the text of Friedreich Nietzche's "The Birth of Tragedy."
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John D'Auban Frederick John D'Auban (1842 – 15 April 1922) was an English dancer, choreographer and actor of the Victorian and Edwardian eras. Famous during his lifetime as the ballet-master at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, he is best remembered as the choreographer of many of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas.
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Le Marteau sans maître Le Marteau sans maître (] , The Hammer without a Master) is a composition by French composer Pierre Boulez. First performed in 1955, it sets the surrealist poetry of René Char for contralto and six instrumentalists.
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Pierre Baillot Pierre Marie François de Sales Baillot (1 October 1771 – 15 September 1842) was a French violinist and composer born in Passy. He studied the violin under Giovanni Battista Viotti and taught at the Paris Conservatoire together with Pierre Rode (also a pupil of Viotti) and Rodolphe Kreutzer, who wrote the conservatoire's official violin method (published in the early 19th century). He was sole author of the instructional "L'art du violon" (1834). Baillot's teachings had a profound influence on technical and musical development in an age in which virtuosity was openly encouraged. He was leader of the Paris Opéra, gave solo recitals and was a notable performer of chamber music. He died in Paris in 1842.
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Callirhoé Callirhoé is an opera by the French composer André Cardinal Destouches. It takes the form of a "tragédie en musique" in a prologue and five acts. The libretto, by Pierre-Charles Roy, is based on a story from "The Description of Greece" by Pausanias (see Coresus). The opera was first performed on December 27, 1712, by the Académie royale de musique at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris. Destouches reworked the score for a revival on 22 October, 1743. This version ends abruptly with the death of Corésus.
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Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ] ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the "Gesamtkunstwerk" ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen" ("The Ring of the Nibelung").
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Gaetano Donizetti Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (] ; 29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, Donizetti was a leading composer of the "bel canto" opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century. Donizetti's close association with the bel canto style was undoubtedly an influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901).
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Jean-Féry Rebel Jean-Féry Rebel (18 April 1666 – 2 January 1747) was an innovative French Baroque composer and violinist.
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Alexis Roland-Manuel Alexis Roland-Manuel (22 March 18911 November 1966) was a French composer and critic, remembered mainly for his criticism.
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Orion (Lacoste) Orion is an opera by the French composer Louis Lacoste, first performed at the Académie Royale de Musique (the Paris Opera) on 17 February 1728. It takes the form of a "tragédie en musique" in a prologue and five acts. The libretto was begun by Joseph de Lafont, and completed after his death by Simon-Joseph Pellegrin. The plot is based on the Greek myth of Orion.
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Antoine Bournonville Antoine Bournonville (19 May 1760 – 11 January 1843) was a French ballet dancer, actor, singer and a choreographer, active in the Royal Swedish Ballet and the Royal Danish Ballet and eventually ballet master in the latter. He is considered to have played a great role in the development of the ballet in Scandinavia. He was the father of August Bournonville.
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Joachim Thibault de Courville Joachim Thibault de Courville (died 1581) was a French composer, singer, lutenist, and player of the lyre, of the late Renaissance. He was a close associate of poet Jean Antoine de Baïf, and with Baïf was the co-founder of the "Académie de Poésie et de Musique", which attempted to re-create the storied ethical and moral effect of ancient Greek music through a type of vocal musical composition known as "musique mesurée."
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Jean-Baptiste Senaillé Jean Baptiste Senaillé (23 November 1687 in Paris – 15 October 1730 idem) was a French born Baroque composer and violin virtuoso. His father was a member of Les Vingt-quatre Violons du Roi. Senaillé studied under Jean-Baptiste Anet, Giovanni Antonio Piani and in Italy under Tomaso Antonio Vitali and imported Italian musical techniques and pieces into the French court. He wrote around 50 violin sonatas. He is most well known for a fast 2/4 movement from one of these sonatas, "Allegro Spiritoso", which has had versions published transcribed for a wide variety of instruments, from violoncello to bassoon to euphonium.
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Les fêtes d'Hébé Les fêtes d'Hébé, ou Les talens lyriques ("The Festivities of Hebe, or The Lyric Talents") is an "opéra-ballet" in a prologue and three "entrées" (acts) by the French composer Jean-Philippe Rameau. The libretto was written by Antoine Gautier de Montdorge (1707–1768). The work was first performed on 21 May 1739 by the Académie royale de musique at its theatre in the Palais-Royal in Paris..