In what year was the composer of "Music for Electric Metronomes" born?
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Music for Electric Metronomes Music for Electric Metronomes is an avant-garde aleatoric composition written in 1960 by Japanese composer Toshi Ichiyanagi for any number of performers between three and eight. The piece involves the manipulation of electric metronomes, followed by various unspecified sounds and actions. It is a very theatrical piece, and reflects Ichiyanagi's affiliation with Fluxus, an experimental art movement from the sixties. The only true scored "instrument" is an electric metronome for each individual player, though the varying sounds and/or actions may involve many different instruments and objects at the discretion of the performer. Because the graphic notation of score (which is a series of dashes, lines, and numbers in an erratic pattern of connected paths) leaves a lot of room for personal interpretation and expression, each performance is unique, and almost certainly cannot be reproduced. There is no conductor for the performance. It has been recorded on the album "Toshi Ichiyanagi: 1960's & 1990's". In a review of a performance by the S.E.M. Ensemble in 1992 at the Paula Cooper Gallery, the music critic of "The New York Times", Alex Ross, described the piece as "merely a timid, spastic prelude to György Ligeti's monumental "Poème symphonique" for 100 metronomes".
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Toshi Ichiyanagi Toshi Ichiyanagi (一柳 慧 , Ichiyanagi Toshi , born 4 February 1933) is a Japanese composer of avant-garde music. He studied with Tomojiro Ikenouchi, Kishio Hirao, and John Cage.
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Leonard B. Meyer Leonard B. Meyer (January 12, 1918 – December 30, 2007) was a composer, author, and philosopher. He contributed major works in the fields of aesthetic theory in music, and compositional analysis.
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Michael Kamen Michael Arnold Kamen (April 15, 1948 – November 18, 2003) was an American composer (especially of film scores), orchestral arranger, orchestral conductor, songwriter, and session musician.
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Gérard Masson Gérard Masson (born 12 August 1936 in Paris) is a French composer.
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Leslie Bassett Leslie Bassett (January 22, 1923 – February 4, 2016) was an American composer of classical music, and the University of Michigan's Albert A. Stanley Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Composition. Bassett received the 1966 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his "Variations for Orchestra".
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Maurice Jarre Maurice-Alexis Jarre (13 September 192428 March 2009) was a French composer and conductor, "one of the giants of 20th-century film music" who was "among the most sought-after composers in the movie industry" and "a creator of both subtle underscoring and grand, sweeping themes, not only writing for conventional orchestras... but also experimenting with electronic sounds later in his career".
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John Altman (composer) John Altman (born 5 December 1949) is an English film composer, music arranger, orchestrator and conductor.
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Fred Frith Jeremy Webster "Fred" Frith (born 17 February 1949) is an English multi-instrumentalist, composer, and improvisor.
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Bernard Herrmann Bernard Herrmann (born Max Herman; June 29, 1911December 24, 1975) was an American composer best known for his work in composing for motion pictures. As a conductor, he championed the music of lesser-known composers.
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Allen Cohen (composer) Allen Cohen (born 1951) is an American composer, arranger, conductor, vocal coach, pianist and university professor.
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Philip James Philip James (May 17, 1890 – November 1, 1975) was an American composer, conductor and music educator.
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Nick Ingman Nicholas (Nick) Ingman (born 29 April 1948) is an English arranger, composer and conductor in the commercial music field.
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Ralph Vaughan Williams Ralph Vaughan Williams {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( 12 October 1872– 26 August 1958) was an English composer. His works include operas, ballets, chamber music, secular and religious vocal pieces and orchestral compositions including nine symphonies, written over nearly fifty years. Strongly influenced by Tudor music and English folk-song, his output marked a decisive break in British music from its German-dominated style of the 19th century.
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Mario Davidovsky Mario Davidovsky (born March 4, 1934) is an Argentine-American composer. Born in Argentina, he emigrated in 1960 to the US, where he lives today. He is best known for his series of compositions called "Synchronisms", which in live performance incorporate both acoustic instruments and electroacoustic sounds played from a tape.
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Constantin Bakaleinikoff Constantin Romanovich Bakaleinikov (also spelled Bakaleynikov and Bakaleinikoff; Russian: Константин Романович Бакалейников ; 26 April 1896 – 3 September 1966) was a Russian-born composer.
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Wendell Logan Wendell Morris Logan (November 24, 1940 – June 15, 2010), was an American jazz and concert music composer who created the jazz department at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music.
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Charles Tomlinson Griffes Charles Tomlinson Griffes (pron. "GRIFF-iss") (September 17, 1884 – April 8, 1920) was an American composer for piano, chamber ensembles and voice.
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Arthur Butterworth Arthur Eckersley Butterworth, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (4 August 1923 – 20 November 2014) was an English composer, conductor, trumpeter and teacher.
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Charles Jones (composer) Charles Jones (June 21, 1910 – June 6, 1997) was a Canadian-born composer of contemporary classical music.
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George Frederick McKay George Frederick McKay (June 11, 1899 – October 4, 1970) was a prolific modern American composer.
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Joly Braga Santos José Manuel Joly Braga Santos, (] ; May 14, 1924July 18, 1988) was a Portuguese composer and conductor, who was born and died in Lisbon. He wrote six symphonies.