What High Church movement of the Church of England was Edward Hawkins the Provost of Oriel College a committed opponent of from its beginning?
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Edward Hawkins Edward Hawkins (27 February 1789 – 18 November 1882) was an English churchman and academic, a long-serving Provost of Oriel College, Oxford known as a committed opponent of the Oxford Movement from its beginnings in his college.
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Oxford Movement The Oxford Movement was a movement of High Church members of the Church of England which eventually developed into Anglo-Catholicism. The movement, whose original devotees were mostly associated with the University of Oxford, argued for the reinstatement of some older Christian traditions of faith and their inclusion into Anglican liturgy and theology. They thought of Anglicanism as one of three branches of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church.
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Basil Wilberforce Born in Winchester as the younger son of Samuel Wilberforce (and therefore grandson of famed abolitionist William Wilberforce; his elder brother Ernest became Bishop of Newcastle then of Chichester), he was educated at Eton College and Exeter College, Oxford and ordained in 1866. He was chaplain to the Bishop of Oxford and then held curacies at Cuddesdon, Seaton and Southsea. He was Rector of St. Mary's, Southampton from 1871 to 1894, and an Honorary Canon of Winchester. In April 1894 he was appointed Canon of Westminster Abbey and Rector of the parish church of St John the Evangelist, annexed to Westminster. He was appointed Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons in 1896 and Archdeacon of Westminster in 1900. He met 'Abdu'l-Baha in 1911. He died in post on 13 May 1916. He was 75.
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Free Methodist Church in Canada The Free Methodist Church is a denomination of Methodism, which is a branch of Protestantism. It was founded in 1860 in New York by a group, led by B. T. Roberts, who was defrocked in the Methodist Episcopal Church for criticisms of the spiritual laxness of the church hierarchy. The Free Methodists are so named because they believed it was improper to charge for better seats in pews closer to the pulpit. They also opposed slavery and supported freedom for all slaves in the United States, while many Methodists in the South at that time did not actively oppose slavery. Beyond that, they advocated "freedom" from secret societies (e.g., Freemasons), which had allegedly undermined parts of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
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Dean of St Albans The Dean of St Albans is the head of the Chapter of St Albans Cathedral in the city of St Albans, England in the Diocese of St Albans. As the Dean of St Albans is also the Rector of St Albans, with parochial responsibilities for the largest parish in the Church of England, it is regarded as one of the most senior Deaneries in the United Kingdom.
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Recusancy Recusancy was the state of those who refused to attend Anglican services during the history of England and Wales; these individuals were known as "recusants". The term, which derives ultimately from the Latin "recusare" (to refuse or make an objection) was first used to refer to those who remained loyal to the pope and the Roman Catholic Church and who did not attend Church of England services, with a 1593 statute determining the penalties against "Popish recusants".
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Edward Stillingfleet Edward Stillingfleet (17 April 1635 – 27 March 1699) was a British theologian and scholar. Considered an outstanding preacher as well as a strong polemical writer defending Anglicanism, Stillingfleet was known as "the beauty of holiness" for his good looks in the pulpit, and was called by John Hough "the ablest man of his time".
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John Keble John Keble ( ; 25 April 1792 – 29 March 1866) was an English churchman and poet, one of the leaders of the Oxford Movement. Keble College, Oxford was named after him.
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St Edward King and Martyr, Cambridge St Edward King and Martyr is a church located on Peas Hill in central Cambridge, England. It is dedicated to Edward the Martyr, who was King of England from 975 until his murder in 978. It was at St Edward's in 1525 that what is said to have been the first sermon of the English Reformation took place, and the church is sometimes labelled the "Cradle of the Reformation".
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Catholic Church in Scotland The Catholic Church in Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: "An Eaglais Chaitligeach" ; Scots: "Catholic Kirk" ), overseen by the Scottish Bishops' Conference, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church headed by the Pope. After being firmly established in Scotland for nearly a millennium, the Catholic Church was outlawed following the Scottish Reformation in 1560. Catholic Emancipation in 1793 helped Catholics regain civil rights. In 1878, the Catholic hierarchy was formally restored. Throughout these changes, several pockets in Scotland retained a significant pre-Reformation Catholic population, including parts of Banffshire, the Hebrides, and more northern parts of the Scottish Highlands.
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Hackney Phalanx Hackney Phalanx is a term now applied to a group of High Church defenders of Anglican orthodoxy prominent for around 25 years from 1805. They consisted of both clergy and laymen, and filled many of the higher posts of the Church of England of the time. The Phalanx, also called the "Clapton sect" by analogy with the evangelicals of the Clapham sect, were active reformers within their common theological beliefs, and controlled the "British Critic". One of the Phalanx leaders, Henry Handley Norris, was particularly influential in the church appointments made by Lord Liverpool.
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Cambridge Movement The Cambridge Movement was a conservative ideological school of thought closely related to the Oxford Movement.
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Tracts for the Times The Tracts for the Times were a series of 90 theological publications, varying in length from a few pages to book-length, produced by members of the English Oxford Movement, an Anglo-Catholic revival group, from 1833 to 1841. There were about a dozen authors, including Oxford Movement leaders John Keble, John Henry Newman and Edward Bouverie Pusey, with Newman taking the initiative in the series, and making the largest contribution. With the wide distribution associated with the tract form, and a price in pennies, the "Tracts" succeeded in drawing attention to the views of the Oxford Movement on points of doctrine, but also to its overall approach, to the extent that "Tractarian" became a synonym for supporter of the movement.
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Francis Mason (priest) Francis Mason (c.1566–1621) was an English churchman, archdeacon of Norfolk and author of "Of the Consecration of the Bishops in the Church of England" (1613), a defence of the Church of England and the first serious rebuttal of the Nag's Head Fable put about as denigration of Matthew Parker and Anglican orders.
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Arthur Carey Arthur Carey (June 26, 1822 – April 4, 1844) was an Episcopal churchman known for his support of the Oxford Movement. His controversial ordination sparked heated debate not only within the Episcopal Church but in the United States in general.
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Henry Robinson (bishop) Henry Robinson (c. 1553 – 19 June 1616) was an English cleric who served as Bishop of Carlisle from 1598 to 1616. He was educated at The Queen's College, Oxford (B.A. 12 July 1572, M.A. 20 June 1575, B.D. 10 July 1582, and D.D. 6 July 1590). He was elected fellow of Queen's in 1575, was Principal of St Edmund Hall, Oxford from 1576 to 1581, and then Provost of Queen's from 1581 to 1598. He was also a member of Gray's Inn from 1601 and took part in the Hampton Court Conference of 1603.
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Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom Institutional Anti-Catholicism in the United Kingdom has its origins in the English and Irish Reformations under King Henry VIII and the Scottish Reformation led by John Knox. The Act of Supremacy 1534 declared the English crown to be 'the only supreme head on earth of the Church in England' in place of the pope. Any act of allegiance to the latter was considered treasonous because the papacy claimed both spiritual and political power over its followers. The Scottish Reformation in 1560 abolished Catholic ecclesiastical structures and rendered Catholic practice illegal in Scotland. Today, anti-Catholicism is common in peripheral areas of the United Kingdom, mainly Scotland and Northern Ireland.
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Second Reformation The Second Reformation was an evangelical campaign from the 1820s onwards, organised by theological conservatives in the Church of Ireland and Church of England.
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Second Statute of Repeal The Second Statute of Repeal, an Act of the Parliament of England (1 & 2 Ph. & M. c. 8) passed in the Parliament of Queen Mary I and King Philip in 1555, followed the First Statute of Repeal of 1553. The first statute had abolished all religious legislation passed under Edward VI and the second statute built on it by abolishing all religious legislation passed against the Papacy from 1529 (the fall of Cardinal Thomas Wolsey), in Henry VIII's reign. It did this while allowing Mary to keep the title of Supreme Head of the Church of England, a title which had been given to the monarch of England by Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy, passed in 1534. It was supported by the landed classes as it allowed them to keep the monastic land which they had acquired after the dissolution of the Monasteries.
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Edward Tenison Edward Tenison (1673–1735) was an English bishop of Ossory. An example of the workings of the system of patronage in the Church of England, Tenison also was a significant Whig and controversialist.
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Oxford Martyrs The Oxford Martyrs were tried for heresy in 1555 and burnt at the stake in Oxford, England, for their religious beliefs and teachings, during the Marian persecution of protestants in England.
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Edward Pelling Edward Pelling (baptised 1640 – died 1718) was an English cleric and academic, a significant author in the first generation of High churchmen.