Who established the advisory board that developed the first ironclad warship?
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Ironclad Board The Ironclad Board was an advisory board established by the Union in 1861 in response to the construction of the "CSS Virginia" by the Confederacy during the US Civil War. The primary goal of the Ironclad Board was to develop more battle-worthy ("ironclad") ships, leading to the construction a number of innovative designs, including the USS Monitor. The Board consisted of senior naval officers Commodore Hiram Paulding, Commodore Joseph Smith, Commander Charles Henry Davis and assistant Secretary of the Navy Gustavus Vasa Fox.
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USS Monitor USS "Monitor" was an iron-hulled steamship. Built during the American Civil War, she was the first ironclad warship commissioned by the Union Navy. "Monitor" is most famous for her central role in the Battle of Hampton Roads on 9 March 1862, where, under the command of Lieutenant John Worden, she fought the casemate ironclad  (built on the hull of the former steam frigate USS "Merrimack" ) to a standstill. The unique design of the ship, distinguished by its revolving turret which was designed by American inventor Theodore Timby, was quickly duplicated and established the monitor type of warship.
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National Shipping Board The National Shipping Board is an Advisory Body on matters related to shipping and shipping infrastructure(ports) .As India gained its independence in 1947 shipping had become very important for the growth of India as the Shipping Laws were created by old British law it had to be revised and in 1958 when the Merchant Shipping Law was consolidated and the opportunity was taken to provide for the formation of a Permanent statutory body called the National Shipping Board. The National Shipping Board was established on 1 March 1959.The Body was established by a recommendation to the Reconstruction Policy Sub-Committee as early as 1947. It comes under the Ministry of Shipping (India)it looks into matters related to Indian Shipping.The National Shipping Board members are elected/nominated by Parliament,Lok Sabha(lower house of parliament and Rajya Sabha(upper house of Parliament). The National Maritime Agenda 2010-2020 is an initiative of the Ministry of Shipping & The National Shipping Board to outline the framework for the development of the port sector. The agenda also suggests policy-related initiatives to improve the operating efficiency and competitiveness of the Ports in India.
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William Henry White Sir William Henry White, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (2 February 1845 – 27 February 1913) was a prolific British warship designer and Chief Constructor at the Admiralty.
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List of ironclad warships of Italy The Italian Navy built twenty-six ironclad warships from the 1860s to the 1880s, including turret ships, broadside ironclads, and ironclad rams.
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Dreadnought The dreadnought was the predominant type of battleship in the early 20th century. The first of its kind, the Royal Navy's "Dreadnought" , made such a strong impression on people's minds when launched in 1906 that similar battleships built subsequently were referred to generically as "dreadnoughts", and earlier battleships became known as "pre-dreadnoughts". "Dreadnought"' s design had two revolutionary features: an "all-big-gun" armament scheme, with more heavy-calibre guns than previous ships, and steam turbine propulsion. As dreadnoughts became a symbol of national power, the arrival of these new warships was a crucial catalyst in the intensifying naval arms race between the United Kingdom and Germany. With the launch of a single ship, "Dreadnought", the scales of naval power were reset overnight. As a result, dreadnought races sprang up around the world, including in South America, during the lead up to World War I. Successive designs increased rapidly in size and made use of improvements in armament, armour, and propulsion throughout the dreadnought era. Within five years, new battleships had outclassed "Dreadnought". These more powerful vessels were known as "super-dreadnoughts". Most of the original dreadnoughts were scrapped after the end of World War I under the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty, but many of the newer super-dreadnoughts continued to be used throughout World War II. The only surviving dreadnought is USS "Texas" , located near the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site.
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HMS Black Prince (1861) HMS "Black Prince" was the third ship of that name to serve with the Royal Navy. She was the world's second ocean-going, iron-hulled, armoured warship, following her sister ship, HMS "Warrior" . For a brief period the two "Warrior"-class ironclad s were the most powerful warships in the world, being virtually impregnable to the naval guns of the time. Rapid advances in naval technology left "Black Prince" and her sister obsolete within a short time, however, and she spent more time in reserve and training roles than in first-line service.
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Re d'Italia-class ironclad The "Re d'Italia" class was a pair of ironclad warships built for the Italian "Regia Marina" (Royal Navy) in the 1860s. The class comprised two ships, "Re d'Italia" and "Re di Portogallo" . The two ships were built in the United States, and were based on the French ironclad "Gloire" ; they were armed with a battery of thirty-eight guns in a broadside arrangement and were protected with 120 mm of wrought iron plating.
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Italian ironclad Andrea Doria Andrea Doria was an ironclad battleship built for the Italian "Regia Marina" (Royal Navy) in the 1880s and 1890s. Named for the 16th-century Genoese admiral Andrea Doria, she was the third and final ship of the "Ruggiero di Lauria" class . The ship was armed with a main battery of four 17 in guns, was protected with 17.75 in thick belt armor, and was capable of a top speed of 17 kn .
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H. L. Hunley (submarine) H. L. Hunley, often referred to as Hunley, was a submarine of the Confederate States of America that played a small part in the American Civil War. "Hunley" demonstrated the advantages and the dangers of undersea warfare. She was the first combat submarine to sink a warship, although "Hunley" was not completely submerged and, following her successful attack, was lost along with her crew before she could return to base. The Confederacy lost 21 crewmen in three sinkings of "Hunley" during her short career. She was named for her inventor, Horace Lawson Hunley, shortly after she was taken into government service under the control of the Confederate States Army at Charleston, South Carolina.
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USS Intrepid (1874) The second USS "Intrepid", was a steam-powered torpedo ram commissioned and built in 1874 that had the distinction of being the world's first U.S. Navy ship armed with self-propelled torpedoes. In concept and design she was roughly comparable to the Royal Navy's HMS "Polyphemus" , although "Intrepid" was completed more than half a decade earlier. The "Intrepid" was commissioned by President Ulysses S. Grant's Secretary of Navy George M. Robeson.
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USS McInerney (FFG-8) USS "McInerney" (FFG-8), formally PF-110, second ship of the "Oliver Hazard Perry" class of guided-missile frigates, is the first United States Navy ship named for Vice Admiral Francis X. McInerney (1899–1956). Ordered from Bath Iron Works on 27 February 1976 as part of the FY75 program, "McInerney" was laid down on 16 January 1978, launched on 4 November 1978, and commissioned on 15 December 1979.
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National Historic Ships The UK's Advisory Committee on National Historic Ships was established in 2006 as a non-departmental public body reporting to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport with a specific remit to advise the Secretary of State and other public bodies on ship preservation and funding priorities.
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Army Science Board The Army Science Board (ASB) provides advice about army science to senior military leaders. The ASB is a Federal Advisory Committee organized under the Federal Advisory Committee Act. It is the Department of the Army senior scientific advisory body that was chartered in 1977 to replace the Army Scientific Advisory Panel. The ASB advises and makes recommendations to the Secretary of the Army, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology (ASA(ALT)), the army staff, and major Army commanders on scientific and technological matters of concern to the Army. The Secretary of the Army delegates oversight authority to the United States Deputy Under Secretary of the Army, who functions as the ASB Director. Terms are generally three years.
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HMS Neptune (1874) HMS "Neptune" was an ironclad turret ship originally designed and built in Britain for Brazil, but acquired for the Royal Navy in 1878. Modifications to suit the Royal Navy took three years to complete and the ship did not begin her first commission until 1883 with the Channel Fleet. She was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in 1885, but refitted in Portsmouth in 1886–87. "Neptune" then became the coastguard ship for the 1st Class Reserve at Holyhead until 1893 when she was placed in in Portsmouth. While she was being towed to the breakers in 1903, "Neptune" unintentionally rammed HMS "Victory" , then serving as a training hulk for the Naval Signal School, collided with HMS "Hero" , and narrowly missed several other ships. She was scrapped in Germany in 1904.
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William F. Durand William Frederick Durand (March 5, 1859 – August 9, 1958) was a United States naval officer and pioneer mechanical engineer. He contributed significantly to the development of aircraft propellers. He was the first civilian chair of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the forerunner of NASA.
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Italian ironclad Enrico Dandolo Enrico Dandolo was the second of two "Caio Duilio"-class ironclad turret ships built for the Italian "Regia Marina" (Royal Navy) in the 1870s. They were fitted with the largest guns available, 17.72 in (450 mm) rifled, muzzle-loading guns, and were the largest, fastest and most powerful ships of their day. "Enrico Dandolo" was built in La Spezia, with her keel laid in January 1873 and her hull launched in July 1878. Construction was finally completed in April 1882 when the ship, named for the 42nd Doge of Venice, was commissioned into the Italian fleet.
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Roma-class ironclad The "Roma" class was a pair of ironclad warships built for the Italian "Regia Marina" (Royal Navy) in the 1860s and 1870s. The class comprised two ships, "Roma" and "Venezia" . "Roma" was a broadside ironclad armed with five 10 in and twelve 8 in guns, while "Venezia" was converted into a central battery ship during construction, armed with a much more powerful battery of eighteen 10-inch guns. Neither ship had an eventful career, due in large part to their rapid shift to obsolescence. "Venezia" and "Roma" were withdrawn from service for auxiliary duties in 1880 and 1890, respectively. Both were stricken from the naval register in 1895 and broken up for scrap the following year, "Roma" having been badly damaged in a fire in 1895.
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Ironclad (game) Ironclad is a miniatures wargame written by Tom Wham and Don Lowry and published by Guidon Games in 1973. The rules simulate American Civil War naval combat such as the 1862 battle between the USS "Monitor" and the CSS "Virginia".
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Académie de Marine The Royal Naval Academy of France (French: "L'Académie royale de marine" ) was founded at Brest by a ruling of 31 July 1752 by Antoine Louis de Rouillé, comte de Jouy, Secretary of State for the Navy. This institutionalised an earlier initiative by a group of officers from the Brest fleet headed by the artillery captain Sébastien Bigot de Morogues who all wanted to contribute to the modernisation of the French Navy, a group which had very quickly received the approbation of Louis XV.
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HMS Prince Albert (1864) HMS "Prince Albert" was designed and built as a shallow-draught coast-defence ship, and was the first British warship designed to carry her main armament in turrets. The ship was named after Prince Albert, the late husband of Queen Victoria. At her wish "Prince Albert" remained on the "active" list until 1899, a total of 33 years, by which time she had long ceased to be of any military value.
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Italian ironclad Terribile Terribile was the first ironclad warship to be built for the Italian "Regia Marina" (Royal Navy), and the second member of the "Formidabile" class . "Terribile" and her sister, "Formidabile" , were both built in France. A broadside ironclad, she was laid down in June 1860, launched in February 1861, and was completed in September that year. She was the first Italian ironclad to enter service and was equipped with four 203 mm and sixteen 164 mm guns.