Vladas Jurgutis is the father of what currency introduced in 1922?
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Vladas Jurgutis Vladas Jurgutis (November 17, 1885 in Joskaudai near Palanga – January 9, 1966 in Vilnius) was a Lithuanian priest, economist, and professor. As the first chairman of the Bank of Lithuania he is unofficially considered to be the "father of the Lithuanian litas."
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Lithuanian litas The Lithuanian litas (ISO currency code LTL, symbolized as Lt; plural "litai" (nominative) or "litų" (genitive)) was the currency of Lithuania, until 1 January 2015, when it was replaced by the euro. It was divided into 100 centų (genitive case; singular "centas", nominative plural "centai"). The litas was first introduced on 2 October 1922 after World War I, when Lithuania declared independence and was reintroduced on 25 June 1993, following a period of currency exchange from the ruble to the litas with the temporary talonas then in place. The name was modeled after the name of the country (similar to Latvia and its lats). From 1994 to 2002, the litas was pegged to the U.S. dollar at the rate of 4 to 1. The litas was pegged to the euro at the rate of 3.4528 to 1 since 2002. The euro was expected to replace the litas by January 1, 2007, but persistent high inflation and the economic crisis delayed the switch. On 1 January 2015 the litas was switched to the euro at the rate of 3.4528 to 1.
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Liudvikas Jakavičius Liudvikas Jakavičius (22 June 1871 – 20 August 1941) was a writer, journalist, publisher, theatre director, banker and nobleman. He was born in Akmenė (Lithuania) and died in Anykščiai (Lithuania). He was married to Honorata Grimalauskaitė-Jakavičienė, a Lithuanian – Polish noblewoman and public figure. Honorata's father, Juozas Grimalauskas, was a wealthy Lithuanian – Polish Duke and Count close to the Drucki – Lubecki Dynasty, Royal Family of the old Princedom of Druckiai (Belarus), political family of the Lithuanian Royal Family (House of Gediminas), political family of the Polish-Lithuanian Royal Family (House of Jagiellon) and founders of the National Bank of Poland. Liudvikas and Honorata had five children (Gražina; Liudas; Donatas Bronislovas, Juozas and Artūras) all of which were artists devoted to music and theatre. His eldest son was Liudas Jakavičius-Grimalauskas, President of the Siauliai Drama Theatre, composer of the first Lithuanian tango (Sutemos tango) and a famous pianist, disciple of the world-famous Russian musician Dmitry Kabalevsky. His only daughter was the actress Gražina Jakavičiūtė-Grimalauskaitė Šaltenienė, remembered by her performances at the Lithuanian National Drama Theatre. His son Donatas Bronislovas Jakavičius – Grimalauskas was a brilliant violinist who delighted with his Stradivarius in the best orchestras in the world, including Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Orchestra, Kaunas Philharmonic Orchestra, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (considered as the best symphony orchestra in the world), Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra, Vienna State Opera Orchestra, Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra and Venezuela National Symphony Orchestra.
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Postage stamps and postal history of Greece Greece's first postal service was founded in 1828, at the time of Greek independence from the Ottoman Empire. This initial service continued mail delivery and, later, the issuing of postage stamps until 1970. It was then succeeded by the Hellenic Post S.A. (abbreviated ΕΛΤΑ), which remains Greece's official postal provider. The first Greek stamps (known as "Large Hermes heads") were issued in 1861; by then, the postal service had expanded to operate 97 branches. Until 1966, with the exception of a set issued in 1927, all Greek stamps were simply inscribed ΕΛΛΑΣ (Hellas, the country's Greek name). From 1966 to 1982, the inscription was modified to include both the Greek and Latin versions: ΕΛΛΑΣ-HELLAS. Beginning in 1982, ΕΛΛΑΣ was replaced with ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ (Hellenic Republic); this inscription is still being used on Greek stamps. It was also used on the 1927 set referred to earlier.
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Ukrainian hryvnia The hryvnia, sometimes hryvnya (Ukrainian: гривня , ] , abbr.: грн ("hrn" in the Latin alphabet)); sign: ₴, code: UAH), has been the national currency of Ukraine since 2 September 1996. The hryvnia is subdivided into 100 "kopiyky". It is named after a measure of weight used in medieval Kievan Rus'.
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5 krooni The 5 krooni banknote (5 EEK) is a denomination of the Estonian kroon, the former currency of Estonia. Paul Keres (1916–1975), who was a world-famous Estonian chess player, international Grandmaster and prominent chess theorist, is featured with an engraved portrait on the obverse.
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Five pence (Irish coin) The five pence (5p) (Irish: "cúig phingin" ) coin was a subdivision of the Irish pound. It was introduced in Ireland on Decimal Day, 15 February 1971 and reused the design on the shilling coin produced for the Irish Free State in 1928. Some shilling coins remained in circulation until the early 1990s, with the same nominal value as the five pence coin.
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German gold mark The Goldmark (   ; officially just "Mark", sign: ℳ) was the currency used in the German Empire from 1873 to 1914. The Papiermark refers to the German currency from 4 August 1914 when the link between the Mark and gold was abandoned.
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Albert Pick Albert Pick (born 15 May 1922, Cologne - 22 November 2015, Garmisch-Partenkirchen) was a German numismatist. An internationally acknowledged authority on the subject of paper money, Pick wrote the first modern catalog of banknotes in 1974, and is widely credited with establishing the modern face of banknote collecting. His "Standard Catalog of World Paper Money" is the standard reference work for banknote collectors worldwide.
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Coins of the Czechoslovak koruna (1953) After the 1953 currency reform a new series of coins were introduced. Coins were first issued in denominations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 25 h – the 1, 3 and 5 Kčs denominations only existed as paper money (state notes). The haler coins dated 1953 were all minted in Leningrad. The 1, 3 and 5 Kčs state notes were replaced by coins in 1957, 1965 and 1966, respectively. The 50 h coin appeared in 1963. In 1972 the 25 h and 3 Kčs coins were withdrawn, and – from 1972 – 20 h (as part of the new series) and 2 Kčs coins were introduced instead. The 3 h coin was withdrawn in 1976. A redesigned series of haler coins was released into circulation during the 1970s.
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Currencies of the European Union There are eleven currencies of the European Union as of 2015 , the principal currency being the Euro. The Euro is used by the institutions of the European Union and by the Eurozone states, which account for 19 of the 28 member states of the European Union. All but two states are obliged to adopt the currency; Denmark and the United Kingdom, through a legal opt-out from the EU treaties, have retained the right to operate independent currencies within the European Union. The remaining eight states must join the ERM II and attain the third stage and adopt the Euro eventually.
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Vladas Jurgutis Award Vladas Jurgutis Award is a prestigious economic award, once a year granted by the Bank of Lithuania and Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. The aim of the Award is to encourage scientific activities in the area of research on Lithuania‘s banking, finance, money and macroeconomics. Award named after the father of Lithuanian Litas, Vladas Jurgutis.
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United States two-dollar bill The United States two-dollar bill ($2) is a current denomination of U.S. currency. The third U.S. President (1801–09), Thomas Jefferson, is featured on the obverse of the note. The reverse features an engraving of the painting "The Declaration of Independence" by John Trumbull. Throughout the $2 bill's pre-1929 life as a large-sized note, it was issued as a United States Note, National Bank Note, silver certificate, Treasury or "Coin" Note and Federal Reserve Bank Note. When U.S. currency was changed to its current size, the $2 bill was issued only as a United States Note. Production went on until 1966, when the series was discontinued. Ten years passed before the $2 bill was reissued as a Federal Reserve Note with a new reverse design. $2 bills are seldom seen in circulation as a result of banking policies with businesses which has resulted in low production numbers due to lack of demand. This comparative scarcity in circulation, coupled with a lack of public knowledge that the bill is still in production and circulation, has also inspired urban legends and occasionally has created problems for people trying to use the bill to make purchases.
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First series of the renminbi The first series of Renminbi banknotes was introduced during the Chinese Civil War by the newly founded People's Bank of China on December 1, 1948, nearly one year before the founding of the People's Republic of China itself. It was issued to unify and replace the various currencies of the communist-held territories as well as the currency of the Nationalist government.
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Latin Monetary Union The Latin Monetary Union (LMU) was a 19th-century attempt to unify several European currencies into a single currency that could be used in all the member states, at a time when most national currencies were still made out of gold and silver. It was established in 1865 and disbanded in 1927. Many countries minted coins according to the LMU standard even though they did not formally accede to the LMU treaty.
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1922 in the Soviet Union The following lists events that happened during 1922 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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National Bank of Serbia The National Bank of Serbia (Serbian: Народна банка Србије / "Narodna banka Srbije" ) is the central bank of Serbia. Founded in 1884, the responsibilities of the bank are: monetary policy, sole issuer of Serbian banknotes and coins, protection of price stability and promotion of stability of the financial system within Serbia. The current governor of the bank is Jorgovanka Tabaković.
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Banknotes of the Austro-Hungarian krone Austro-Hungarian krone paper money appeared in the beginning of the 20th century - almost ten years after the coins were introduced. All banknotes were bilingual (German and Hungarian), and the value was indicated in eight other languages (Czech, Polish, Croatian, Slovene, Serbian, Italian, Ukrainian and Romanian). After the dissolution of the empire banknotes were overstamped to limit their circulation according to the new borders.
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Bank of Latvia The Bank of Latvia (Latvian: "Latvijas Banka" ) is the central bank of Latvia. It is one of the key public institutions and carries out economic functions as prescribed by law. It was established in 1922.
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Central Bank of Kosovo The Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: "Banka Qendrore e Republikës së Kosovës") is the central bank of the Republic of Kosovo. It was founded in June 2008, the same year Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia, with the approval of "Law No. 03/L-074" on the "Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo" by the Kosovo Assembly. Before being established as the Central Bank of Kosovo, it operated as the Central Banking Authority of Kosovo (Albanian: "Autoriteti Qendror Bankar i Kosovës"). The official currency in Kosovo is the euro, which has been adopted unilaterally in 2002; however, Kosovo is not a member of the Eurozone. The headquarters of the CBK are located in the capital of Kosovo, Pristina.
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Banknotes of the Norwegian krone Norwegian banknotes are circulated, in addition to Norwegian coins, with a denomination of Norwegian kroner, as standard units of currency in Norway. From 1877, after the establishment of the Scandinavian Monetary Union, Norwegian banknotes of 1000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 10 and 5 kroner have been put into circulation. The first 200 kroner banknote was first published in 1994. The others have been in used since 1877. Banknotes of 5 and 10 kroner were in use until 1963 and 1983 when they were replaced by coins.
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Transcaucasian ruble The ruble (Russian: рубль , Armenian: ռուբլի ), manat (Azerbaijani: "منات" ) or maneti (Georgian: მანეთი ) was the currency of both Transcaucasian states, the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic and the Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic.