What is a common name for the effort of Kurt von Plettenberg and other German officials attempting to assassinate Adolf Hitler which originally referenced only part of the plot?
a1787b0848cf1277b2933ca0924888d6
Kurt von Plettenberg Kurt Freiherr von Plettenberg (31 January 1891 in Bückeburg – 10 March 1945 in Berlin) was a German forester, cavalry officer and a member of the German Resistance (Widerstand). He was involved in the preparations for the 20 July plot, an attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of the Third Reich. Plettenberg belonged to the circle of close friends which included Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, Johannes Popitz, Ludwig Beck, Ulrich von Hassell, Carl-Hans Graf von Hardenberg and Fabian von Schlabrendorff.
fb8d008042b9800f07261f37d527ad81
20 July plot On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia. The name Operation Valkyrie, originally referring to part of the conspiracy, has become associated with the entire event. The apparent aim of the assassination attempt was to wrest political control of Germany and its armed forces from the Nazi Party (including the SS) and to make peace with the western Allies as soon as possible. The underlying desire of many of the high-ranking Wehrmacht officers involved was apparently to show the world that not all Germans were like Hitler and the Nazi Party. The details of the conspirators' peace initiatives remain unknown, but they likely would have included unrealistic demands for the confirmation of Germany's extensive annexations of European territory.
51bf6643cb471f287d41a783164f0426
Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, and, in German, as the Hitlerputsch or Hitler-Ludendorff-Putsch, was a failed coup attempt by the Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler — along with "Generalquartiermeister" Erich Ludendorff and other "Kampfbund" leaders — to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, during 8–9 November 1923. About two thousand Nazis marched to the centre of Munich, where they confronted the police, which resulted in the death of 16 Nazis and four police officers. Hitler himself was not wounded during the clash, although he locked his left arm with the right arm of Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter who, when he was shot and killed, pulled Hitler to the pavement with him. Hitler escaped immediate arrest and was spirited off to safety in the countryside. After two days, Hitler was arrested and charged with treason.
5e12e417c3c28b11a1969b7c2572c398
Breitspurbahn The Breitspurbahn (] , translation: "broad-gauge railway") was a planned broad-gauge railway, proposed by Adolf Hitler during the Nazi regime in Germany, supposed to run on 3-metre gauge track with double-deck coaches between major cities of "Grossdeutschland", Hitler's expanded Germany., and neighbouring states.
8b5ec4ac8bf236e4e8c35cbc5e348bb2
Operation Otto Operation Otto (also known as Plan Otto) was the code name for two independent plans by Nazi Germany. The 1938 plan was to occupy Austria; the second envisaged an attack on the Soviet Union and was developed from late July 1940.
6f331c6e2b6deb99c1c8fd5a59f84ce3
Hitler's Chancellery Hitler's Chancellery, officially known as the Kanzlei des Führers der NSDAP ("Chancellery of the Führer of the Nazi Party"; abbreviated as KdF) was a Nazi Party organization. Also known as the "Privatkanzlei des Führers" ("Private Chancellery of the Führer"), the agency served as the private chancellery of Adolf Hitler, handling different issues pertaining to matters such as complaints against party officials, appeals from party courts, official judgments, clemency petitions by NSDAP fellows and Hitler's personal affairs.
3dff569191087386f386ee5a6e78560d
Oster Conspiracy The Oster Conspiracy of 1938 was a proposed plan to overthrow German "Führer" Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime if Germany went to war with Czechoslovakia over the Sudetenland. It was led by Generalmajor (major general) Hans Oster, deputy head of the "Abwehr" and other high-ranking conservatives within the Wehrmacht who opposed the regime for its behaviour that was threatening to bring Germany into a war that they believed it was not ready to fight. They planned to overthrow Hitler and the Nazi regime through a planned storming of the Reich Chancellery by forces loyal to the plot to take control of the government, who would either arrest or assassinate Hitler, and restore the exiled Wilhelm II as Emperor.
3555b1a5455bc5ea1071f7d67af5dd25
Wilhelm Canaris Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a German admiral and chief of the "Abwehr", the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944. Initially a supporter of Adolf Hitler, by 1939 he had turned against the Nazis as he felt Germany would lose another major war. During the Second World War he was among the military officers involved in the clandestine opposition to the Nazi regime. He was executed in Flossenbürg concentration camp for high treason as the Nazi regime was collapsing.
f4838afaf9800eb331f4f440818ee398
Final Solution (disambiguation) Final Solution primarily refers to the Nazi plan to kill all the Jews in Europe which culminated in the Holocaust.
7314ecb2deeb1fbd9aa87640b72990bf
Werwolf Werwolf (] , German for "werewolf") was a Nazi plan, which began development in 1944, to create a resistance force which would operate behind enemy lines as the Allies advanced through Germany. However "Werwolf's" propaganda value far outweighed its actual achievements.
95ef3a2787e8c80ec5bb5d451b8440a3
Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburg (5 September 1902 – 10 August 1944) was a German government official and a member of the German Resistance in the 20 July Plot against Adolf Hitler.
a536cfad0fe514cc817304ffa3d05a69
Heim ins Reich The Heim ins Reich (] ; meaning "back home to the Reich") was a foreign policy pursued by Adolf Hitler during World War II, beginning in 1938. The aim of Hitler's initiative was to convince all "Volksdeutsche" (ethnic Germans) who were living outside Nazi Germany (e.g. in Austria, Czechoslovakia and the western districts of Poland) that they should strive to bring these regions "home" into Greater Germany, but also, relocate from territories that were not under German control, following the conquest of Poland in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet pact. The "Heim ins Reich" manifesto targeted areas ceded in Versailles to the newly reborn nation of Poland, as well as other areas that were inhabited by significant German populations such as the Sudetenland, Danzig, and the south-eastern and north-eastern regions of Europe after October 6, 1939.
c718ce8ffeac652ae66fa9d082dca815
Flensburg Government The Flensburg Government (German: "Flensburger Regierung" ), also known as the Flensburg Cabinet ("Flensburger Kabinett"), the Dönitz Government ("Regierung Dönitz"), or the Schwerin von Krosigk Cabinet ("Kabinett Schwerin von Krosigk"), was the short-lived government of Nazi Germany during a period of three weeks around the end of World War II in Europe. The government was formed following the suicide of Adolf Hitler on 30 April 1945 during the Battle of Berlin. It was headed by Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz as the Reichspräsident and Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk as the Leading Minister.
5ae5ad642e7ae337bf02de633893c97d
Operation Bolero Operation Bolero was the commonly used reference for the code name of the United States military troop buildup in the United Kingdom during World War II in preparation for the initial cross-channel invasion plan known as Operation Roundup, to be implemented in mid-1943, or for its lesser contingency alternative, Operation Sledgehammer, to be executed in the fall of 1942 in the event of German setbacks or to ease Axis pressure on the Eastern Front. ("Bolero" was the code name used in official communications to stand in for "United Kingdom" when describing the theater or movements.) What later became the Bolero plan – the buildup of a strategic air force in Great Britain in preparation for Roundup – was first submitted by Commanding General of the U.S. Army Air Forces, Henry H. Arnold, to General George Marshall, the U.S. Army Chief of Staff, on April 12, 1942, and set in motion a huge movement of men and material that laid the groundwork for Operation Overlord.
184e8019b4429ffd6d5370748a742a0b
Schlieffen Plan The Schlieffen Plan (German: "Schlieffen-Plan" , ] ) was the name given after World War I to the thinking behind the German invasion of France and Belgium on 4 August 1914. Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen, the Chief of the Imperial Army German General Staff from 1891 to 1906, devised a deployment plan for a war-winning offensive, in a one-front war against the French Third Republic from 1905–06. After the war, the German official historians of the "Reichsarchiv" and other writers, described the plan as a blueprint for victory. German historians claimed that the plan had been ruined by "Generaloberst" (Colonel-General) Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, the Commander-in-Chief of the German army after Schlieffen retired in 1906, who was dismissed after the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September 1914).
2dfaec618d4bffe21b12ad40103b82df
Reichstag Fire Decree The Reichstag Fire Decree (German: "Reichstagsbrandverordnung" ) is the common name of the Decree of the Reich President for the Protection of People and State (German: "Verordnung des Reichspräsidenten zum Schutz von Volk und Staat" ) issued by German President Paul von Hindenburg on the advice of Chancellor Adolf Hitler on 28 February 1933 in immediate response to the Reichstag fire. The decree nullified many of the key civil liberties of German citizens. With Nazis in powerful positions in the German government, the decree was used as the legal basis for the imprisonment of anyone considered to be opponents of the Nazis, and to suppress publications not considered "friendly" to the Nazi cause. The decree is considered by historians as one of the key steps in the establishment of a one-party Nazi state in Germany.
4085c38b61c6b6466cebcaea3c47ed1b
Planned destruction of Warsaw The planned destruction of Warsaw refers to the largely-realized plans by Nazi Germany to raze the city. The plan was put into full motion after the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. The uprising had infuriated German leaders who now wanted to make an example of the city, which they had long before selected for a major reconstruction as part of their plans to Germanize Central Europe.
262c007d17b69995105cbe22180ad1eb
Alfred Hugenberg Alfred Ernst Christian Alexander Hugenberg (19 June 1865 – 12 March 1951) was an influential German businessman and politician. A leading figure in nationalist politics in Germany for the first few decades of the twentieth century, he became the country's leading media proprietor during the inter-war period. As leader of the German National People's Party he was instrumental in helping Adolf Hitler become Chancellor of Germany and served in his first cabinet in 1933, hoping to control Hitler and use him as his "tool." Those plans backfired, and by the end of 1933 Hugenberg had been pushed to the sidelines. Although Hugenberg continued to serve as a "guest" member of the Reichstag until 1945, he wielded no political influence.
5fe2c31ebc317bc74d09cd2380e17f06
Schwarze Kapelle The Schwarze Kapelle (German for "Black Orchestra") was a term used by the Gestapo to refer to a group of conspirators within the German military who plotted to overthrow Adolf Hitler. It included many senior officers within the Wehrmacht. Unlike the "Rote Kapelle" (Red Orchestra), the name given by the Gestapo to the Soviet spy network within the Third Reich, the members of the "Black Orchestra" were of aristocratic background, felt contempt for the ideological fervor of the Nazi Party and were politically closer to the Western Allies.
6c739236447d7ccbf745569cb5849af5
Adolf Hitler's rise to power Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in Germany in September 1919 when Hitler joined the political party known as the "Deutsche Arbeiterpartei" – DAP (German Workers' Party). The name was changed in 1920 to the "Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei" – NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party, commonly known as the Nazi Party). This political party was formed and developed during the post-World War I era. It was anti-Marxist and opposed to the democratic post-war government of the Weimar Republic and the Treaty of Versailles; and it advocated extreme nationalism and Pan-Germanism as well as virulent anti-Semitism. Hitler's "rise" can be considered to have ended in March 1933, after the Reichstag adopted the Enabling Act of 1933 in that month. President Paul von Hindenburg had already appointed Hitler as Chancellor on 30 January 1933 after a series of parliamentary elections and associated backroom intrigues. The Enabling Act—when used ruthlessly and with authority—virtually assured that Hitler could thereafter constitutionally exercise dictatorial power without legal objection.
69b79f2e2b658ae3fa9f7b2da56841f7
ODESSA The ODESSA is an American codename (from the German: "Organisation der Ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen", meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 for a hypothetical Nazi underground escape plan at the end of World War II by a group of SS officers with the aim of facilitating secret escape routes. The routes are also called ratlines. The supposed goal was to allow the SS members to escape to Argentina, Brazil, or the Middle East under false names. The American counterespionage unit searched for evidence it might have existed in 1945, but found no evidence for it.
afaaa4c4210979bd6985c48a62d4717e
Stauffenberg The Schenk von Stauffenberg family is a noble (see Uradel) Roman Catholic family from Swabia in Germany, whose best-known member was Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg – the key figure in the 1944 "20 July plot" to assassinate Adolf Hitler.