Which French Emperor annulled The Le Chapelier Law in 1864?
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Le Chapelier Law 1791 The Le Chapelier Law (French: "Loi Le Chapelier" ) was a piece of legislation passed by the National Assembly during the first phase of the French Revolution (14 June 1791), banning guilds as the early version of trade unions, as well as "compagnonnage" (by organizations such as the Compagnons du Tour de France) and the right to strike, and proclaiming free enterprise as the norm. It was advocated and drafted by Isaac René Guy le Chapelier. Its promulgation enraged the "sans-culottes", who called for an end to the National Constituent Assembly, which nonetheless continued through the second phase of the Revolution. The law was annulled on 25 May 1864, through the "" (proposed by Émile Ollivier and acceded to by Napoleon III), which reinstated the right to associate and the right to strike.
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Napoleon III Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and, as Napoleon III, the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. He was the only president of the French Second Republic and the head of the Second French Empire.
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Hundred Days The Hundred Days (French: "les Cent-Jours" ] ) marked the period between Napoleon's return from exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 111 days). This period saw the War of the Seventh Coalition, and includes the Waterloo Campaign, the Neapolitan War as well as several other minor campaigns. The phrase "les Cent Jours" (the hundred days) was first used by the prefect of Paris, Gaspard, comte de Chabrol, in his speech welcoming the king back to Paris on 8 July.
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Florianus Florianus (Latin: "Marcus Annius Florianus Augustus" ; died 276), also known as Florian, was Roman Emperor for a few months in 276.
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Philippe Achille Bédier Philippe Achille Bédier (1791 - 1865) was Governor General for Inde française during the transition of Second Republic and Second French Colonial Empire under Second French Empire under Napoleon III.
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Aureliano Coutinho, Viscount of Sepetiba Aureliano de Sousa e Oliveira Coutinho, Viscount of Sepetiba (21 July 1800 – 25 September 1855) was a Brazilian politician, judge and monarchist during the period of the Empire of Brazil (1822–1889). He was the leader of the "Courtier Faction", a political faction composed of high-ranking palace servants and notable politicians who exercised a strong influence over Emperor Pedro II in his early years.
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Barthélémy Louis Joseph Lebrun Barthélémy Louis Joseph Lebrun (22 October 1809, Landrecies - 6 October 1889, Paris) was a French Army officer of the Second French Empire.
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Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (French: Charles Alexandre Emanuel de Lorraine; German: Karl Alexander von Lothringen und Bar; 12 December 1712 in Lunéville – 4 July 1780 in Tervuren) was a Lorraine-born Austrian general and soldier, field marshal of the Imperial Army, and governor of the Austrian Netherlands.
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Vichy anti-Jewish legislation Anti-Jewish laws were enacted by the Vichy France government in 1940 and 1941 affecting metropolitan France and its overseas territories during World War II. These laws were, in fact, decrees of head of state Marshal Philippe Pétain, since Parliament was no longer in office as of none }} . The motivation for the legislation was spontaneous and was not mandated by Germany. These laws were declared null and void on 9 August 1944 after liberation and on the restoration of republican legality.
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Juan, Count of Montizón "Don" Juan Carlos María Isidro de Borbón, Count of Montizón (French: "Jean Charles Marie Isidore de Bourbon, comte de Montizón" ) (May 15, 1822 – November 18, 1887) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain from 1860 to 1868, and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France from 1883 to 1887.
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Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor Francis I (German: "Franz Stefan" , French: "François Étienne" ; 8 December 1708 – 18 August 1765) was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, though his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. From 1728 until 1737 he was Duke of Lorraine. Francis traded the duchy to the ex-Polish king Stanisław Leszczyński in exchange for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany as one of the terms ending the War of the Polish Succession in November 1738. The duchy and the ducal title to Lorraine and Bar passed to King Louis XV of France upon Leszczynski's death in 1766, though Francis and his successors retained the right to style themselves as dukes of Lorraine and Bar.
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Retour des cendres The retour des cendres ("return of the ashes") was the return of the mortal remains of Napoleon I of France from the island of St Helena to France and their burial in the Hôtel des Invalides in Paris in 1840, on the initiative of Adolphe Thiers and King Louis-Philippe.
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Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (German: "Franz" ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria, ruling from 1804 to 1835, so later he was named the one and only "Doppelkaiser" (double emperor) in history.
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Ferdinand Lot Ferdinand Victor Henri Lot (Le Plessis Piquet, 20 September 1866 – Fontenay-aux-Roses, 20 July 1952) was a French historian and medievalist. His masterpiece, "The End of the Ancient World and the Beginnings of the Middle Ages" (1927), presents an alternative and possibly more objective account of the fall of the Roman Empire than does Edward Gibbon's "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", which set the tone for Enlightenment scholarship blaming the fall of classical civilization on Christianity.
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French Constitution of 1852 The French Constitution of 1852 was enacted on 14 January 1852 by Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III). Slightly modified later that year, on 25 December 1852 the constitution became the basis for the creation of the French Second Empire.
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Joséphine de Beauharnais Joséphine de Beauharnais (] ; "née" Tascher de la Pagerie; 23 June 1763 – 29 May 1814) was the first wife of Napoleon I, and thus the first Empress of the French (commonly called Empress Joséphine or just Joséphine).
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French constitutional referendum, 1870 A constitutional referendum was held in France on 8 May 1870. Voters were asked whether they approved of the liberal reforms made to the constitution since 1860 and passed by the Sénatus-consulte on 20 April 1870. The changes were approved by 82.7% of voters with an 81.3% turnout. However, France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War caused the Empire to be abolished later that year. Despite this being the ninth constitutional referendum in French history, it was the first to have more than 8% oppose the motion, and one of only four to have less than 99% official approval.
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Frederick V of the Palatinate Frederick V (German: "Friedrich V." ; 26 August 1596 – 29 November 1632) was the Elector Palatine of the Rhine in the Holy Roman Empire from 1610 to 1623, and served as King of Bohemia from 1619 to 1620. He was forced to abdicate both roles, and the brevity of his reign in Bohemia earned him the derisive nickname of "the Winter King" (Czech: "Zimní král"; German: "Winterkönig").
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Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma Marie Louise (Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Lucia; Italian: "Maria Luigia Leopoldina Francesca Teresa Giuseppa Lucia"; 12 December 1791 – 17 December 1847) was an Austrian archduchess who reigned as Duchess of Parma from 1814 until her death. She was Napoleon's second wife and, as such, Empress of the French from 1810 to 1814.
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Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle or Aachen ended the War of Devolution between France and Spain. It was signed on 2 May 1668 in Aachen (French: "Aix-la-Chapelle" ). Spain acceded on 7 May 1669.
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Étienne Guibourg The Abbé Étienne Guibourg (c. 1610 – January 1686) was a French Roman Catholic abbé and occultist who was involved in the "affaire des poisons", during the reign of Louis XIV. He has been variously described as a "defrocked" or "renegade" priest and is said to have also had a good knowledge of chemistry. He is best known for performing a series of Black Mass rituals with Catherine Monvoisin for Madame de Montespan.
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1667 in France Events from the year 1667 in France