Bhakti, literally means "attachment, participation, fondness for, homage, faith, love, devotion, worship, piety", in ancient texts such as which ancient Sanskrit text embedded in the Yajurveda, that is listed as number 14 in the Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads?
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Bhakti Bhakti (Sanskrit: भक्ति ) literally means "attachment, participation, fondness for, homage, faith, love, devotion, worship, piety". In Hinduism, it refers to devotion to, and love for, a personal god or a representational god by a devotee. In ancient texts such as the "Shvetashvatara Upanishad", the term simply means participation, devotion and love for any endeavor, while in the "Bhagavad Gita", it connotes one of the possible paths of spirituality and towards moksha, as in "bhakti marga".
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Shvetashvatara Upanishad The Shvetashvatara Upanishad (Sanskrit:श्वेताश्वतरोपनिशद or श्वेताश्वतर उपनिषद् IAST "Śvetāśvataropaniṣad ") is an ancient Sanskrit text embedded in the Yajurveda. It is listed as number 14 in the Muktika canon of 108 Upanishads. The Upanishad contains 113 mantras or verses in six chapters.
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Anugita Anugita is an ancient Sanskrit text embedded in the Book 14 (Ashvamedhika Parva) of the Hindu epic the "Mahabharata". "Anugita" literally means an "Anu" ("continuation, alongside, subordinate to") of "Gita". The original was likely composed between 400 BCE and 200 CE, but its versions probably modified through about the 15th- or 16th-century. It is regarded by Hindus as an appendix to the "Bhagavad Gita" found in Book 6. Like it, the "Anugita" is one of the treatises on Dharma (ethics, moral precepts). Anugita is, in part, a retelling of some of the ethical premises of the "Bhagavad Gita" through legends and fables, instead of the distilled philosophy found in the "Bhagavad Gita".
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Prakṛti Prakṛti, also Prakṛiti or Prakṛuti (from Sanskrit language प्रकृति, prakṛti), means "nature". It is a key concept in Hinduism, formulated by its Samkhya school, and refers to the primal matter with three different innate qualities (Guṇas) whose equilibrium is the basis of all observed empirical reality. Prakriti, in this school, contrasts with Purusha which is pure awareness and metaphysical consciousness. The term is also found in the texts of other Indian religions such as Jainism, and Buddhism.
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Ishvara Gita The Ishvara Gita (Devanagari: ईश्वर गीता, IAST: Īśvara Gītā ) is a Sanskrit text composed in India. It contains the teachings of the god Shiva, also called Ishvara, and is influenced by the Samkhya and Yoga schools of Indian philosophy. Bhagavat Gita was influenced by the Shiva Gita which was much more ancient than the Bhagavat Gita. It makes up the first 11 chapters of the second section (uttara vibhaga) of the Kurma Purana.
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Vivekachudamani The Vivekachudamani (Sanskrit: विवेकचूडामणि) is a famous Sanskrit poem ascribed to Adi Shankara in the eighth century. It expounds the Advaita Vedanta philosophy and is in the form of 580 verses in the Shardula Vikridita metre. The "Vivekachudamani" describes developing Viveka, the human faculty of discrimination or discernment between real (unchanging, eternal) and unreal (changing, temporal), as the central task in the spiritual life, and calls it the crown jewel among the essentials for Moksha. The title "Vivekachudamani" translates to "Crest Jewel of Discrimination". Through the centuries, the "Vivekachudamani" has been translated into several languages and has been the topic of many commentaries and expositions.
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Krishna Krishna ( ; ] ; Sanskrit: कृष्ण, IAST: Kṛṣṇa) is a major deity of Hinduism. He is worshiped as the eighth avatar of the god Vishnu and also as the supreme God in his own right. He is the god of compassion, tenderness, and love in Hinduism, and is one of the most popular and widely revered among Indian divinities. Krishna's birthday is celebrated every year by Hindus on Janmashtami according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar, which falls in late August or early September of the Gregorian calendar.
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Vishvakarman Viśwákarma (Sanskrit for "all-accomplishing, maker of all, all-doer") is personification of creation and the abstract form of the creator God according to the "Rigveda". He is the presiding deity of all Vishwakarma (caste), engineers, artisans and architects. He is believed to be the "Principal Architect of the Universe ", and the root concept of the later Upanishadic figures of Brahman and Purusha.
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Gayatri Gayatri (Sanskrit: "gāyatrī ") is the feminine form of "gāyatra ", a Sanskrit word for a song or a hymn, having a Vedic meter of three "pada"s, or lines, of eight syllables. In particular, it refers to the Gayatri Mantra and the Goddess Gāyatrī as that mantra personified.
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Sarada Tilaka Sarada Tilaka a collection of mantras and instructions for worship (Homa) of various deities including Ganapati, Shiva, Vishnu and various manifestations of the goddess. It was compiled circa 800 AD by Srilakshmanadesikendra believed to be a native of Nasik in Maharashtra.
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Samadhana Samādhāna or "samādhānam" (Sanskrit:समाधानम्) is a Sanskrit noun derived from the word, "samādhā" (समाधा), and variously means – putting together, uniting, fixing the mind in abstract contemplation on the true nature of the soul, profound or abstract meditation, deep contemplation, intentness, steadiness, composure, peace of mind, clearing up a doubt or replying to the "pūrvapaksha", agreeing or promising, a leading incident, justification of a statement, proof, reconciliation or eagerness.
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Panchagni Vidya Panchagni vidyā (Sanskrit: पञ्चाग्नि) means - meditation on the five fires. This "vidyā" or knowledge appears in the Chandogya Upanishad (Chapter V 3-10) and the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (Chapter VI.2). It is one of the forty-one prescribed Vedic rirtuals.
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Vamana Purana The Vamana Purana, (Sanskrit: वामन पुराण , Vāmana Purāṇa ), is a medieval era Sanskrit text and one of the eighteen major Puranas of Hinduism. The text is named after one of the incarnations of Vishnu and probably was a Vaishnavism text in its origin. However, the modern surviving manuscripts of "Vamana Purana" are more strongly centered on Shiva, while containing chapters that revere VIshnu and other Hindu gods and goddesses. It is considered a Shaivism text. Further, the text hardly has the character of a Purana, and is predominantly a collection of "Mahatmyas" (travel guides) to many Shiva-related places in India with legends and mythology woven in.
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Kshurika Upanishad The Kshurika Upanishad (Sanskrit: क्षुरिका उपनिषत्, IAST: Kṣurikā Upaniṣad) is an ancient Sanskrit text and one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism. It is one of twenty Yoga Upanishads in the four Vedas.
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Vachanamrut The Vachanamrut (Gujarati: વચનામૃત ) of Swaminarayan is the most sacred and foundational scripture of the Swaminarayan spiritual tradition. It contains the profound wisdom of the Vedas, Upanishads, Brahma Sutras, "Bhagavad Gita", "Bhagavata Purana", dharmashastras like the "Yājñavalkya Smṛti", "Vidurniti", and epics like the "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata" (Vachanamrut Gadhadha II-28). Swaminarayan says in Gadhadha II-28, "What is this discourse which I have delivered before you like? Well, I have delivered it having heard and having extracted the essence from the Vedas, the shastras, the Purans and all other words on this earth pertaining to liberation."
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Rama tapaniya Upanishad The Rama tapaniya Upanishad (राम तापनीय उपनिषत्) also called Ramatapaniyopanishad (रामतापिनियोपनिषत्) is a minor Upanishadic text written in Sanskrit. It is one of the 31 Upanishads attached to the Atharvaveda, and is classified as one of the "Vaishnava Upanishad".
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Yoga-kundalini Upanishad The Yoga-kundalini Upanishad (Sanskrit: योगकुण्डलिनी उपनिषत् IAST: Yogakuṇḍalini Upaniṣad ), also called Yogakundali Upanishad (Sanskrit: योगकुण्डल्युपनिषत्, IAST: Yogakuṇḍalī Upaniṣad), is a minor Upanishad of Hinduism. The Sanskrit text is one of the 20 Yoga Upanishads, and is one of 32 Upanishads attached to the Krishna Yajurveda. In the Muktika canon, narrated by Rama to Hanuman, it is listed at number 86 in the anthology of 108 Upanishads.
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Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ((also transliterated Caitanya Mahāprabhu); 18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534) was a spiritual leader who founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism. He is believed by some of his devotees to be Krishna himself who appeared in the form of His own devotee in order to teach the people of this world the process of Bhakti and how to attain the perfection in life. He is considered as the most merciful manifestation of Krishna . Chaitanya was the proponent for the Vaishnava school of Bhakti yoga (meaning loving devotion to God), based on "Bhagavata Purana" and "Bhagavad Gita". Of various incarnations of Vishnu, he is revered as Krishna, popularised the chanting of the "Hare Krishna" mantra and composed the "Siksastakam" (eight devotional prayers) in Sanskrit. His followers, Gaudiya Vaishnavas, revere him as a Krishna with the mood and complexion of his source of inspiration Radha. His birthday is celebrated as Gaura-purnima.
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Murthi Nayanar Murthi Nayanar, also spelt as Murthy Nayanar, Moorthy Nayanar and Murti Nayanar and also known as Murtti, is a Nayanar saint, venerated in the Hindu sect of Shaivism. He is generally counted as the fifteenth in the list of 63 Nayanars.
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Narsinh Mehta Narsinh Mehta, also known as "Narsi Mehta" or "Narsi Bhagat" (1414–1481), was a poet-saint of Gujarat, India, notable as a bhakta, an exponent of Vaishnava poetry. He is especially revered in Gujarati literature, where he is acclaimed as its "Adi Kavi" (Sanskrit for "first among poets"). His bhajan "Vaishnav Jan To" was Mahatma Gandhi's favourite and has become synonymous to him.
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Ashtabharya Ashtabharya(s) or Ashta-bharya(s) is the group of the eight principal queen-consorts of Hindu god Krishna, an avatar of the god Vishnu and the king of Dwarka - in the Dwapara Yuga (epoch). The most popular list, found in the "Bhagavata Purana", includes: Rukmini, Satyabhama, Jambavati, Kalindi, Mitravinda, Nagnajiti, Bhadra and Lakshmana. Variations exist in the "Vishnu Purana" and the "Harivamsa", which includes queens called Madri or Rohini, instead of Bhadra. Most of them are princesses.
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Atharvaveda The Atharva Veda (Sanskrit: अथर्ववेद, "Atharvaveda " from "atharvāṇas " and veda meaning "knowledge") is the "knowledge storehouse of "atharvāṇas", the procedures for everyday life". The text is the fourth Veda, but has been a late addition to the Vedic scriptures of Hinduism.