What position did the physician and chemist, who was the first to recognize the distinction between heat and temperature, hold at the University of Glasgow?
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Calorimetry Calorimetry is the science or act of measuring changes in state variables of a body for the purpose of deriving the heat transfer associated with changes of its state due, for example, to chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions under specified constraints. Calorimetry is performed with a calorimeter. The word "calorimetry" is derived from the Latin word "calor", meaning heat and the Greek word "μέτρον" (metron), meaning measure. Scottish physician and scientist Joseph Black, who was the first to recognize the distinction between heat and temperature, is said to be the founder of the science of calorimetry.
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Joseph Black Joseph Black FRSE FRCPE FPSG (16 April 1728 – 6 December 1799) was a Scottish physician and chemist, known for his discoveries of magnesium, latent heat, specific heat, and carbon dioxide. He was Professor of Anatomy and Chemistry at the University of Glasgow for 10 years from 1756, and then Professor of Medicine and Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh from 1766, teaching and lecturing there for more than 30 years.
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John Rutherford (physician) John Rutherford (1 August 1695 – 6 March 1779, Edinburgh) was a Scottish physician and professor at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. He is the father of the scientist Daniel Rutherford and the grandfather of the writer Walter Scott.
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Robert Campbell Garry Prof Robert Campbell Garry DSc (1933) OBE FRSE LLD (1900–1993) was Professor of Medicine at both St Andrews University and Glasgow University. During the Second World War, as an expert on human physiology, he advised on human tolerance of extreme weather conditions and forces, as experienced by high altitude pilots.
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Robert Freer (physician) Prof Robert Freer (or Frier) FRSE FRCPE (1745-1827) was a soldier and academic, who taught Medicine at the University of Glasgow. He was Regius Professor of Medicine from 1796 until death (31 years). He was twice President of the Medical Society of Edinburgh (1772-4 and 1775-8). He was President of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow in 1797.
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George Eason Prof George Eason FRSE FIMA (1930–1999) was a British mathematician who was Professor of Mathematics at Strathclyde University 1970 to 1983. He did work on the dynamical theory of elasticity. He wrote papers relating to mathematical solutions of problems of human biology, including heat transfer through skin, the light-scattering effects of blood, and analysis of blood oxygenators.
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James Hutchison Stirling James Hutchison Stirling (22 June 1820 – 19 March 1909) was a Scottish idealist philosopher and physician. His work "The Secret of Hegel" (1st edition, 1865, in 2 vols.; revised edition, 1898, in 1 vol.) gave great impetus to the study of Hegelian philosophy both in Britain and in the United States, and it was also accepted as an authoritative work on Hegel's philosophy in Germany and Italy.
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Rankine scale The Rankine scale ( ) is an absolute scale of thermodynamic temperature named after the Glasgow University engineer and physicist William John Macquorn Rankine, who proposed it in 1859. (The Kelvin scale was first proposed in 1848.) It may be used in engineering systems where heat computations are done using degrees Fahrenheit.
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Sir William Dunn Professor of Biochemistry The Sir William Dunn Professorship of Biochemistry is the senior professorship in biochemistry at the University of Cambridge. The position was established in 1914 by the trustees of the will of Sir William Dunn, banker, merchant and philanthropist.
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Regius Professor of Chemistry (Glasgow) The Regius Chair of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow was founded in 1817 by King George III, who also established the Regius Chairs of Surgery and Natural History at the University. The Chair originated from a lectureship in Chemistry, established in 1747.
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John Stenhouse John Stenhouse (21 October 1809 – 31 December 1880) was a Scottish chemist. In 1854, he invented one of the first practical respirators.
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Andrew Gray (physicist) Dr Andrew Gray {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'FRS FRSE', '4': "} (2 July 1847 – 10 October 1925) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician.
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Gifford Lectures The Gifford Lectures are an annual series of lectures which were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (died 1887). They were established to "promote and diffuse the study of natural theology in the widest sense of the term — in other words, the knowledge of God." A Gifford lectures appointment is one of the most prestigious honors in Scottish academia. The lectures are given at several Scottish universities: University of St Andrews, University of Glasgow, University of Aberdeen and University of Edinburgh. They are normally presented as a series over an academic year and given with the intent that the edited content be published in book form. A number of these works have become classics in the fields of theology or philosophy and the relationship between religion and science.
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Cavendish Professor of Physics The Cavendish Professorship is one of the senior faculty positions in physics at the University of Cambridge. It was founded on 9 February 1871 alongside the famous Cavendish Laboratory, which was completed three years later. William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire endowed both the professorship and laboratory in honor of his relative, chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish.
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Theory of heat In the history of science, the theory of heat or mechanical theory of heat was a theory, introduced in 1798 by Sir Benjamin Thompson (better known as 'Count Rumford'), and developed more thoroughly in 1824 by the French physicist Sadi Carnot, that heat and mechanical work are equivalent. It is related to the mechanical equivalent of heat. Over the next century, with the introduction of the second law of thermodynamics in 1850 by Rudolf Clausius, this theory evolved into the science of thermodynamics. In 1851, in his "On the Dynamical Theory of Heat", William Thomson outlined the view, as based on recent experiments by those such as James Joule, that “heat is not a substance, but a dynamical form of mechanical effect, we perceive that there must be an equivalence between mechanical work and heat, as between cause and effect.”
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Harry Burns (doctor) Sir Henry Burns (born 1951), known generally as Harry Burns, is the professor of global public health, University of Strathclyde, having been the Chief Medical Officer for Scotland from September 2005 to April 2014. He has become known for his work to address health inequalities. He is a member of the Council of Economic Advisers in Scotland.
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Eugene Floyd DuBois Eugene Floyd DuBois (June 4, 1882 – February 12, 1959) was an American physician and teacher, remembered for his work on the physiology of fever and heat production.
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William Alison William Pulteney Alison (12 November 1790 – 22 September 1859) was a Scottish physician, social reformer and philanthropist. He was a distinguished professor of medicine at Edinburgh University. He served as president of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh (1833), president of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (1836–38), and vice-president of the British Medical Association, convening its meeting in Edinburgh in 1858.
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William Maxwell (physician) William Maxwell (1581–1641), or (1619–1669), was a Scottish physician and writer, physician in ordinary to Charles I of England. He is known for his work "De Medicina Magnetica" (1679), and as a follower of Robert Fludd.
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James Petrie James Colquhoun Petrie {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (18 September 1941 – 31 August 2001) was a Scottish medical doctor, Professor of Clinical Pharmacology, from 1985, and Head of the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, from 1994 at the University of Aberdeen.
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James Carmichael Smyth (physician) James Carmichael Smyth, FRS (1741 – 18 June 1821) was a Scottish physician and medical writer. He was born in Fife, Scotland, as James Carmichael, the only son of Thomas Carmichael of Balmedie and Margaret Smyth of Athenry. He later added his mother's surname to his own and graduated as a Doctor of Medicine from Edinburgh University in 1764. Appointed physician to the Middlesex Hospital in 1768, he discovered a method for the prevention of contagion in cases of fever using nitrous acid gas, and wrote several treatises on this subject and on other medical matters. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1779, and was voted the sum of £5000 by Parliament in 1802 for his work. He was also one of the physicians to King George III, and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.
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Thomas Andrews (scientist) Thomas Andrews FRS FRSE (19 December 1813 – 26 November 1885) was a chemist and physicist who did important work on phase transitions between gases and liquids. He was a longtime professor of chemistry at Queen's University of Belfast.