What year was the leader of the Stanford marshmallow experiment born?
de54c4c139691906756e892b4306ea60
Stanford marshmallow experiment The Stanford marshmallow experiment was a series of studies on delayed gratification in the late 1960s and early 1970s led by psychologist Walter Mischel, then a professor at Stanford University. In these studies, a child was offered a choice between one small reward provided immediately or two small rewards (i.e., a larger later reward) if they waited for a short period, approximately 15 minutes, during which the tester left the room and then returned. (The reward was sometimes a marshmallow, but often a cookie or a pretzel.) In follow-up studies, the researchers found that children who were able to wait longer for the preferred rewards tended to have better life outcomes, as measured by SAT scores, educational attainment, body mass index (BMI), and other life measures.
94ad78fa828acaa7aefdcbfa65ea93b4
Walter Mischel Walter Mischel (] ; born February 22, 1930) is an Austrian-born American psychologist specializing in personality theory and social psychology. He is the Robert Johnston Niven Professor of Humane Letters in the Department of Psychology at Columbia University. A "Review of General Psychology" survey, published in 2002, ranked Mischel as the 25th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.
523b0fe93d2cd5c3c9a14e00f42177ea
G. Evelyn Hutchinson George Evelyn Hutchinson {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'ForMemRS', '4': "} (January 30, 1903 – May 17, 1991), was an American ecologist sometimes described as the "father of modern ecology." He contributed for more than sixty years to the fields of limnology, systems ecology, radiation ecology, entomology, genetics, biogeochemistry, a mathematical theory of population growth, art history, philosophy, religion, and anthropology. He worked on the passage of phosphorus through lakes, the chemistry and biology of lakes, the theory of interspecific competition, and on insect taxonomy and genetics, zoo-geography and African water bugs. He is known as one of the first to combine ecology with mathematics. He became an international expert on lakes and wrote the four-volume "Treatise on Limnology" in 1957.
7de08b4ecb9bc6277a3aa6acda4cf357
Francis G. Slack Francis Goddard Slack (November 1, 1897 in Superior, Wisconsin – 1985) was an American physicist. He was a physics teacher, researcher, and administrator in academia who was renowned for placing equal emphasis on teaching and on research.
6d9cd047fe26fb16686ff09dada214a2
Anne H. Ehrlich Anne Howland Ehrlich (born Anne Fitzhugh Howland; November 17, 1933) is the American co-author of several books on overpopulation and ecology with her husband, Stanford University professor Paul R. Ehrlich. She is associate director of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University.
126e4dea592bfce7ac07e7cb51b921fa
Marvin P. Bryant Marvin P. Bryant (July 4, 1925–October 16, 2000), also known as “Marv”, was an American microbiologist and bacteriologist, Professor in the Departments of Dairy Science and Microbiology at the University of Illinois, a member of the National Academies of Science, editor in chief of the American Society of Microbiology Publications.
b8f3bebc10f756c69d1dbbba61eb923e
Robert Russell Newton Robert Russell Newton, also R. R. Newton (July 7, 1918 – June 2, 1991) was an American physicist, astronomer, and historian of science.
8d4f949abd27cf1cb7cdace806c6d1c0
Herman Winick Herman Winick (born October 2, 1932) is an American scientist and Professor Emeritus at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and the Applied Physics Department of Stanford University.
cb2897da0819c54af35ff7e48453ddba
Michael Pepper Sir Michael Pepper, FRS, FREng (born 10 August 1942) is a British physicist notable for his work in semiconductor nanostructures.
b333d6e597258bee30742010faa10d0f
Leland Stanford Jr. Leland Stanford Jr. (May 14, 1868 – March 13, 1884), known as Leland DeWitt Stanford until age nine, is the namesake of Stanford University, adjacent to Palo Alto, California, United States.
953b8e4c769764f6cbc419489f93916a
Fernando Sanford Fernando Sanford (February 12, 1854 – May 21, 1948) was an American physicist and university professor. He was one of the 22 "pioneer professors" (founding faculty) for Stanford University.
01eb537e3074bad09c1e80f7ef890396
Amar Bose Amar Gopal Bose (November 2, 1929 – July 12, 2013) was an American academic and entrepreneur of Bengali descent. An electrical engineer and sound engineer, he was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for over 45 years. He was also the founder and chairman of Bose Corporation. In 2011, he donated a majority of the company to MIT in the form of non-voting shares to sustain and advance MIT's education and research mission.
f5e1feac5af4d242318dc5f0b460db8f
M. Norton Wise Matthew Norton Wise (born 2 April 1940 in Tacoma, Washington) is a professor in the history of science at UCLA. He is also the co-director of the UCLA Center for Society and Genetics. He has famously attacked in which they perceive the obstruction of science by the Academic Left.
6c26a6833dfc5dcd30b39d32ea30c684
Frank J. Low Frank James Low (November 23, 1933 – June 11, 2009) was a solid state physicist who became a leader in the new field of infrared astronomy, after inventing the gallium doped germanium bolometer in 1961. This detector extended the range of the observable spectrum to much longer wavelengths.
3562a1445ca1684c37a3b7b441a04585
Jane Stanford Jane Lathrop Stanford (August 25, 1828 – February 28, 1905) was a co-founder of Stanford University in 1885 (opened 1891) along with her husband, Leland Stanford, as a memorial to their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., who died in 1884 at the age of 15. After her husband's death in 1893, she funded and operated the university almost single-handedly until her death in 1905.
204d9e68ae9c4ca39fca42d410ca7017
Richard E. Taylor Richard Edward Taylor, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 2 November 1929) is a Nobel Prize–winning professor emeritus at Stanford University. In 1990, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Jerome Friedman and Henry Kendall "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics."
c43bb27e8b09d6132fccca94ee934219
David P. Reed David Patrick Reed (born January 31, 1952) is an American computer scientist, educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, known for a number of significant contributions to computer networking and wireless communications networks.
e09d81edbc6312701071d79cca968095
Sidney G. Winter Sidney Graham Winter (born 1935, Iowa City, Iowa) is a US economist and Professor Emeritus of Management at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, USA. He is recognized as one of the leading figures in the revival of evolutionary economics.
871d2c3d3c59fd0455ff665bf1fa3d9c
Fletcher Watson Fletcher G. Watson (c. 1912 – 7 May 1997) was an American professor of science education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education (1946–77), where he served as the Henry Lee Shattuck Professor of Education (1966–77). Watson was a founder and co-director of Harvard Project Physics.
30dc3e91ba152550f76bfa258057fc94
Frank B. Jewett Frank Baldwin Jewett ( ; 5 September 1879 – 18 November 1949) was a physicist and the first president of Bell Labs.
99d77bda0e0099e1fdfe73ef87bf3528
William D. Coolidge William David Coolidge ( ; October 23, 1873 – February 3, 1975) was an American physicist and engineer, who made major contributions to X-ray machines. He was the director of the General Electric Research Laboratory and a vice-president of the corporation. He was also famous for the development of "ductile tungsten", which is important for the incandescent light bulb.
15765530b00e6e1f1714efca5db89af4
Charles Babbage Charles Babbage {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.