The Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1902 was used in sea-going battleships built between the mid- to late 1880s and 1905 before the advent of which ship?
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Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1902 gun The Canon de 194 mm Modèle 1902 was a medium-caliber naval gun used as the primary or secondary armament in both casemates and turrets of a number of French pre-dreadnoughts and armored cruisers during World War I. After World war I these ships were scrapped and some were later reused as coastal artillery in World War II
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Pre-dreadnought battleship Pre-dreadnought battleships were sea-going battleships built between the mid- to late 1880s and 1905, before the launch of HMS "Dreadnought" . Pre-dreadnoughts replaced the ironclad battleships of the 1870s and 1880s. Built from steel, and protected by hardened steel armour, pre-dreadnought battleships carried a main battery of very heavy guns in barbettes (open or with armoured gunhouses) supported by one or more secondary batteries of lighter weapons. They were powered by coal-fuelled triple-expansion steam engines.
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Victoria-class battleship The Royal Navy's Victoria" class (or Sans Pareil" class) battleships of the 1880s was the first class which used triple expansion steam engines, previous battleships having used compound engines.
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Kearsarge-class battleship The "Kearsarge"-class battleships were two pre-dreadnought battleships built for the United States Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. They were designed to be used for coastal defense. Both of the ships, USS "Kearsarge" and USS "Kentucky" , were authorized in 1895 and commissioned in 1900. Neither ship participated in a major battle, although they participated in the Great White Fleet, the oldest ships on the cruise. "Kentucky" was decommissioned in 1920 and sold for scrap in 1923. "Kearsarge" was also decommissioned in 1920, although it was then converted into a crane ship, and served in that capacity until scrapping in 1955.
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Kaiser-class battleship The "Kaiser" class was a class of five battleships that were built in Germany prior to World War I and served in the Imperial German Navy during the war. They were the third class of German dreadnoughts, and the first to feature turbine engines and superfiring turrets. The five ships were "Kaiser" , "Friedrich der Grosse" , "Kaiserin" , "Prinzregent Luitpold" , and "König Albert" . As was usual for German battleships of the period, the "Kaiser" class mounted main guns that were smaller than those of their British rivals: 30.5 cm , compared to the 34.3 cm guns of the British "Orion" class .
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SMS Hannover SMS "Hannover" ("His Majesty's Ship Hannover") was the second of five "Deutschland"-class pre-dreadnoughts of the German Imperial Navy ("Kaiserliche Marine"). "Hannover" and the three subsequently constructed ships differed slightly in both design and construction from the lead ship "Deutschland" in their propulsion systems and slightly thicker armor. "Hannover" was laid down in November 1904 and commissioned into the High Seas Fleet in October 1907; this was ten months after the revolutionary "all-big-gun" HMS "Dreadnought" was commissioned into the Royal Navy. As a result, "Hannover" was obsolete as a capital ship before she was even completed; "Dreadnought"' s more powerful main battery and higher speed would have made it unwise for a ship like "Hannover" to engage her in the line of battle. The ship was named after the Prussian province of Hannover, now in Lower Saxony.
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Italian battleship Roma (1907) Roma was an Italian pre-dreadnought battleship, laid down in 1903, launched in 1907 and completed in 1908. She was the third member of the "Regina Elena" class , which included three other vessels: "Regina Elena" , "Napoli" , and "Vittorio Emanuele" . "Roma" was armed with a main battery of two 12 in guns and twelve 8 in guns. She was quite fast for the period, with a top speed of nearly 21 kn .
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Canon de 75 modèle 1905 Schneider The Canon de 75 modèle 1905 Schneider was a field gun used by Bulgaria during World War I and World War II. Some 324 had been delivered by the end of 1907 and most were still in service in 1939.
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Formidable-class battleship The Royal Navy's Formidable"-class battleships were an eight-ship class of pre-dreadnoughts designed by Sir William White and built in the late 1890s. The class is often further divided into a separate London" class, and the "London" class sometimes is divided further into a separate "Queen" class. Alongside the King Edward VII class, they were the largest class of battleships built, with eight complete vessels.
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24 cm SK L/40 The 24 cm Schnelladekanone Länge 40, abbreviated as 24 cm SK L/40, was a German naval gun developed in the years before World War I that armed a number of the Imperial German Navy's pre-dreadnought battleships and armored cruisers. Later guns removed from these ships were converted to coastal artillery and were used during World War I and World War II. The actual bore diameter was 23.8 cm , but the classification system for artillery rounded up to the next highest centimeter.
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Centurion-class battleship The "Centurion"-class battleships were second-class pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Royal Navy in the 1890s. They were designed for service on distant stations.
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German ocean-going torpedo boats of World War I The first German Naval Law of 1898 legislated the construction of an ocean-going battle fleet by Imperial Germany. To accompany the squadrons of battleships and cruisers, the law called for the construction of flotillas of large torpedo-boats ("große Torpedoboote"), considerably larger, better armed and more seaworthy than the previous torpedo boats built by Germany.
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HMS Bulwark (1899) HMS "Bulwark" belonged to a sub-class of the "Formidable"-class of pre-dreadnought battleships of the Royal Navy known as the "London" class. Entering service with the Royal Navy in 1902, she sailed with the Mediterranean Fleet until 1907. She then served with the Home Fleet, for a time under Captain Robert Falcon Scott. After a refit in 1912, she was assigned to the 5th Battle Squadron.
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Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1893/96 gun The Canon de 305 mm Modèle 1893/96 was a heavy naval gun used as the main armament of a number of French pre-dreadnoughts during World War I. It equipped the "Charlemagne", "République" and "Liberté"-class battleships as well as the unique battleships "Iéna" and "Suffren". It was also used as railway artillery in that war.
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HMS Collingwood (1882) HMS "Collingwood" was the lead ship of her class of ironclad battleships built for the Royal Navy during the 1880s. The ship's essential design became the standard for most of the following British battleships. Completed in 1887, she spent the next two years in reserve before she was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet for the next eight years. After returning home in 1897, the ship spent the next six years as a guardship in Ireland. "Collingwood" was not significantly damaged during an accidental collision in 1899 and was paid off four years later. The ship was sold for scrap in 1909 and subsequently broken up.
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SMS Kaiser Friedrich III SMS "Kaiser Friedrich III" ("His Majesty's Ship "Emperor Frederick III"") was the lead ship of the "Kaiser Friedrich III" class of pre-dreadnought battleships. She was laid down at the "Kaiserliche Werft" in Wilhelmshaven in March 1895, launched in July 1896, and finished in October 1898. The ship was armed with a main battery of four 24 cm guns in two twin gun turrets supported by a secondary battery of eighteen 15 cm guns.
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320 mm Model 1934 naval gun The 320 mm naval gun was the main battery gun used to modernize Italy's World War I battleships for service during World War II. The guns were manufactured by boring out and relining the battleships' original 12"/46 (30 cm) built-up guns and modifying the turrets to increase elevation above the original 20°  maximum. Each ship carried two 548-tonne twin turrets and two 745-tonne triple turrets. All guns used pneumatically operated side-swing Welin breech blocks. Each barrel could fire two rounds per minute.
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HMS Goliath (1898) HMS "Goliath" was one of the six "Canopus"-class pre-dreadnought battleships built by the Royal Navy in the late 19th century. Commissioned in 1900, she served in the Far East on the China Station until 1905, at which time she joined the Mediterranean Fleet. In 1906, she was attached to the Channel Fleet. Having been mothballed prior to the outbreak of the First World War, she was returned to full commission.
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Canon de 130 mm Modèle 1924 The Canon de 130 mm Modèle 1924 was a medium-caliber naval gun used as the primary armament on a number of French destroyers during World War II.
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SMS Schlesien SMS "Schlesien" was one of the five "Deutschland"-class pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Kaiserliche Marine between 1904 and 1906. Named after the German province of Schlesien, she was built at the Schichau-Werke shipyard in Danzig, where she was launched on 28 May 1906. She was commissioned into the navy on 5 May 1908. The ships of her class were already outdated by the time they entered service, being inferior in size, armor, firepower and speed to the revolutionary new battleship HMS "Dreadnought" .
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HMS Mars (1896) HMS "Mars" was a Royal Navy pre-dreadnought battleship of the "Majestic" class , the seventh member of a class of nine ships. The ship was laid down in the Laird Brothers shipyard in June 1894, she was launched in March 1896, and she was commissioned into the fleet in June 1897. She was armed with a main battery of four 12 in guns and a secondary battery of twelve 6 in guns. The ship had a top speed of 16 kn .
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Russian battleship Poltava (1894) The Russian battleship Poltava (Russian: Полтава ) was one of three "Petropavlovsk"-class pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the 1890s. The ship was transferred to the Pacific Squadron shortly after completion and based at Port Arthur from 1901. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05, she participated in the Battle of Port Arthur and was heavily damaged during the Battle of the Yellow Sea. She was sunk by Japanese artillery during the subsequent Siege of Port Arthur in December 1904, but was raised by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after the war and renamed "Tango" (丹後).