What was Sartre's opinion on his novel which included the character The Autodidact?
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The Autodidact The Autodidact is a fictional character from Jean-Paul Sartre's 1938 novel, "Nausea." The Autodidact, who lives in Bouville near the protagonist Antoine Roquentin, passes his time by reading every book in the local library in alphabetical order. Self instruction is of critical importance to him, and provides the explanation for his odd behaviour and continual self-delusion.
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Nausea (novel) Nausea (French: "La Nausée" ) is a philosophical novel by the existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, published in 1938. It is Sartre's first novel and, in his opinion, one of his best works.
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Jacques the Fatalist Jacques the Fatalist and his Master (French: "Jacques le fataliste et son maître" ) is a novel by Denis Diderot, written during the period 1765-1780. The first French edition was published posthumously in 1796, but it was known earlier in Germany, thanks to Goethe's partial translation, which appeared in 1785 and was retranslated into French in 1793, as well as Mylius's complete German version of 1792.
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The Automatic Message The Automatic Message (1933) ("Le Message Automatique") was one of André Breton's significant theoretical works about automatism. The essay was first published in the magazine "Minotaure", No. 3-4, (Paris) 1933.
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Letter to M. D'Alembert on Spectacles Letter to M. D'Alembert on Spectacles (French: "Lettre a M. D'Alembert sur les spectacles" ) is a 1758 essay written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in opposition to an article published in the "Encyclopédie" by Jean d'Alembert, that proposed the establishment of a theatre in Geneva. More generally, it is a critical analysis of the effects of culture on morals, that clarifies the links between politics and social life. Rousseau relates the issue of a theatre in Geneva to the broader social context, warning of the potential the theatre has to corrupt the morality in society.
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Scaramouche (novel) Scaramouche is an historical novel by Rafael Sabatini, originally published in 1921. A romantic adventure, "Scaramouche" tells the story of a young lawyer during the French Revolution. In the course of his adventures he becomes an actor portraying "Scaramouche" (a roguish buffoon character in the "commedia dell'arte"). He also becomes a revolutionary, politician, and fencing-master, confounding his enemies with his powerful orations and swordsmanship. He is forced by circumstances to change sides several times. The book also depicts his transformation from cynic to idealist.
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Alexandre Dumas Alexandre Dumas ( ; ] ; born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie ] ; 24 July 1802 – 5 December 1870), also known as Alexandre Dumas, "père" ("father"), was a French writer. His works have been translated into nearly 100 languages, and he is one of the most widely read French authors. Many of his historical novels of high adventure were originally published as serials, including "The Count of Monte Cristo", "The Three Musketeers", "Twenty Years After", and "". His novels have been adapted since the early twentieth century for nearly 200 films. Dumas' last novel, "The Knight of Sainte-Hermine," unfinished at his death, was completed by a scholar Claude Schopp who was the leading authority on Dumas and published in 2005, becoming a best seller. It was published in English in 2008 as "The Last Cavalier."
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Rhinoceros (play) Rhinoceros (French original title Rhinocéros) is a play by Eugène Ionesco, written in 1959. The play was included in Martin Esslin's study of post-war avant-garde drama, "The Theatre of the Absurd", although scholars have also rejected this label as too interpretatively narrow. Over the course of three acts, the inhabitants of a small, provincial French town turn into rhinoceroses; ultimately the only human who does not succumb to this mass metamorphosis is the central character, Bérenger, a flustered everyman figure who is initially criticized in the play for his drinking, tardiness, and slovenly lifestyle and then, later, for his increasing paranoia and obsession with the rhinoceroses. The play is often read as a response and criticism to the sudden upsurge of Fascism and Nazism during the events preceding World War II, and explores the themes of conformity, culture, mass movements, mob mentality, philosophy and morality.
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Déprimisme Déprimisme ("depressionism") is a contemporary French art and literary movement, in which authors dwell on the failures of society. The movement can be identified as a cross between expressionism and symbolism. Originally a French movement, the term has later been extended to refer to direct commentary on any contemporary, particularly western or American culture. In a general sense, "depressionism" is the practice of manipulating social ideas and conventions in such a way as to elicit an emotional or intellectual effect from the audience.
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Political fiction Political fiction employs narrative to comment on political events, systems and theories. Works of political fiction, such as political novels, often "directly criticize an existing society or present an alternative, even fantastic, reality". It overlaps with the social novel, proletarian novel and social science fiction. Highly influential earlier works include "Gulliver's Travels" (1726), "Candide" (1759), and "Uncle Tom's Cabin" (1852).
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The Opium of the Intellectuals The Opium of the Intellectuals (French: "L'Opium des intellectuels" ) is a book written by Raymond Aron and published in 1955. It was first published in an English translation in 1957.
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Xavier de Maistre Xavier de Maistre (] ; 10 October 1763 – 12 June 1852) of Savoy (then part of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia) lived largely as a military man, but is known as a French writer. The younger brother of noted philosopher and counter-revolutionary Joseph de Maistre, Xavier was born to an aristocratic family at Chambéry in October 1763. He served when young in the army of Piedmont-Sardinia, and in 1790 wrote his fantasy "Voyage autour de ma chambre" ("Voyage Around My Room", published 1794), when he was under arrest in Turin as the consequence of a duel.
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Jules de Gaultier Jules de Gaultier (born in 1858 in Paris, died in 1942 in Boulogne-sur-Mer), born Jules Achille de Gaultier de Laguionie, was a French philosopher and essayist. He was a contributor to "Mercure de France" and one of the chief advocates of "nietzscheism" in vogue in the literary circles of the day. He was known especially for his theory of "bovarysme" (the name taken from Flaubert's novel), by which he meant the continual need of humans to invent themselves, to lie to themselves. His books include "De Kant à Nietzsche" (1900) and "Le Bovarysme, essai sur le pouvoir d'imaginer" (1902).
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Le Médecin de campagne Le Médecin de campagne ("The Country Doctor") is an 1833 novel by Honoré de Balzac. The second in his Scène de la vie de campagne series, it addresses the author's own preoccupation with social organisation, political power and religion, though the reader has to avoid confusing Balzac's political principles with the convictions of Dr Benassis on which critics have often given contrary opinions. Some see the book as giving a sort of 20th century-type liberalism, while others see the premises of socialist thinking or fourierist tendencies. The book's romantic dimension has to be taken into account, despite quite a thin plot, connecting it with the world of Rousseau with an elogy on nature, peace and poetry. None of its characters appear elsewhere in "La Comédie humaine".
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Jules Verne Jules Gabriel Verne ( ; ] ; 8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905) was a French novelist, poet, and playwright.
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Eugène de Rastignac Eugène de Rastignac ] is a fictional character from "La Comédie humaine", a series of novels by Honoré de Balzac. He appears as a main character in "Le Père Goriot" (1835), and his social advancement in the post-revolutionary French world depicted by Balzac can be followed through Rastignac's various appearances in other books of the series.
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The First Man The First Man (French: Le Premier homme ) is Albert Camus' unfinished final novel.
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The Mysteries of Paris The Mysteries of Paris (French: Les Mystères de Paris ) is a novel by the French writer Eugène Sue. It was published serially in 90 parts in "Journal des débats" from 19 June 1842 until 15 October 1843, making it one of the first serial novels published in France. It was an instant success and singlehandedly increased the circulation of "Journal des débats". It founded the "city mysteries" genre, spawning many imitations.
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Amour-propre Amour-propre (French, "self-love") is a concept in the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau that esteem depends upon the opinion of others. Rousseau contrasts it with "amour de soi", which also means "self-love", but which does not involve seeing oneself as others see one. According to Rousseau, "amour de soi" is more primitive and is compatible with wholeness and happiness, while "amour-propre" is an unnatural form of self-love that arose only with the appearance of society and individuals' consequent ability to compare themselves with one another. Rousseau thought that "amour-propre" was subject to corruption, thereby causing vice and misery.
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Dead Souls Dead Souls (Russian: Мёртвые ду́ши, "Myórtvyjye dúshi" ) is a novel by Nikolai Gogol, first published in 1842, and widely regarded as an exemplar of 19th-century Russian literature. The purpose of the novel was to demonstrate the flaws and faults of the Russian mentality and character. Gogol portrayed those defects through Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov (Russian: Павел Иванович Чичиков) and the people whom he encounters in his endeavours. These people are typical of the Russian middle-class of the time. Gogol himself saw it as an "epic poem in prose", and within the book as a "novel in verse". Despite supposedly completing the trilogy's second part, Gogol destroyed it shortly before his death. Although the novel ends in mid-sentence (like Sterne's "Sentimental Journey"), it is usually regarded as complete in the extant form.
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Essays in Self-criticism Essays in Self-criticism (French: "Eléments d'autocritique" ) is one of the chief works of the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, first published in 1974. An English translation by Grahame Lock was published in 1976.
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Littérature (magazine) Littérature was a literary magazine edited by André Breton, Philippe Soupault, and Louis Aragon. Its first issue was published on March 19, 1919. Because of dwindling circulation, Breton decided to terminate publication after the August 1921 issue. In March 1922, however, he relaunched the magazine with the cover illustrating a Man Ray drawing of a shiny top hat, and the title, ""Littérature": New Series." Breton remained the only one in charge of the review, after the departure of Aragon and Soupault, and to mark the review's change of direction, Breton decided to replace the cover image created by Man Ray with drawings – different each time – by Francis Picabia, to whom he gave carte blanche for each issue. Picabia drew on religious imagery, erotic iconography, and the iconography of games of chance.