The holonomic brain theory, developed by neuroscientist Karl Pribram initially in collaboration with who, which was American scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th century and who contributed unorthodox ideas to quantum theory, neuropsychology and the philosophy of mind?
cf3601e97ebac9e186f2e29df15008e4
Holonomic brain theory The holonomic brain theory, developed by neuroscientist Karl Pribram initially in collaboration with physicist David Bohm, is a model of human cognition that describes the brain as a holographic storage network. Pribram suggests these processes involve electric oscillations in the brain's fine-fibered dendritic webs, which are different from the more commonly known action potentials involving axons and synapses. These oscillations are waves and create wave interference patterns in which memory is encoded naturally, and the waves may be analyzed by a Fourier transform. Gabor, Pribram and others noted the similarities between these brain processes and the storage of information in a hologram, which can also be analyzed with a Fourier transform. In a hologram, any part of the hologram with sufficient size contains the whole of the stored information. In this theory, a piece of a long-term memory is similarly distributed over a dendritic arbor so that each part of the dendritic network contains all the information stored over the entire network. This model allows for important aspects of human consciousness, including the fast associative memory that allows for connections between different pieces of stored information and the non-locality of memory storage (a specific memory is not stored in a specific location, i.e. a certain neuron).
061be4635a897b0cead911fb136289a1
David Bohm David Joseph Bohm FRS (December 20, 1917 – October 27, 1992) was an American scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th century and who contributed unorthodox ideas to quantum theory, neuropsychology and the philosophy of mind.
ad5fc69b6a02299b958391c6581ac2f8
Nicholas Rescher Nicholas Rescher ( ; ] ; born 15 July 1928) is a German-American philosopher at the University of Pittsburgh. He is the Co-Chairman of the Center for Philosophy of Science and has formerly served as Chairman of the Philosophy Department.
67232ea482d3581cf23dbd0f9bc6fbf0
Michael Shadlen Michael Neil Shadlen (born 19 August 1959) is an American neuroscientist and neurologist, who has made important contributions in the neuroscience of decision making. From 2000 he has been a Howard Hughes Medical Investigator and from 2012 Professor of Neuroscience at Columbia University. He is also a member of the Kavli Institute for Brain Science and Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute. Shadlen is an avid jazz guitarist and interested in the relation between jazz and neuroscience.
2a3790550ffdd9fb78300426ac22d6da
Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов ; 25 June 1928 – 29 March 2017) was a Soviet, Russian and American theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.
f1ef2345243386cce0388f94b0174117
George Gamow George Gamow (March 4 [O.S. February 20] 1904 August 19, 1968), born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov (Russian: Гео́ргий Анто́нович Га́мов ; ] ), was a theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Lemaître's Big Bang theory. He discovered a theoretical explanation of alpha decay via quantum tunneling, and worked on radioactive decay of the atomic nucleus, star formation, stellar nucleosynthesis and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (which he collectively called nucleocosmogenesis), and molecular genetics.
8bb0b7c0fdd151593059797fd9569342
Daseinsanalysis Daseinsanalysis (German: "Daseinsanalyse)" is an existentialist approach to psychoanalysis. It was first developed by Ludwig Binswanger in the 1920s under the concept of "phenomenological anthropology". After the publication of "Basic Forms and Perception of Human Dasein" (German: Grundformen und Erkenntnis menschlichen Daseins), Binswanger would refer to his approach as Daseinsanalysis. Binswanger's approach was heavily influenced by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger and psychoanalysis founder Sigmund Freud. The theology of daseinsanalysis is centered on the thought that the human Dasein (Human existence) is open to any and all experience. That the phenomenological world is experienced freely in an undistorted way. This way initially being absent from meaning, is the basis for analysis. This theory goes opposite to dualism in the way that it proposes no gap between the human mind and measurable matter. Subjects are taught to think in the terms of being alone with oneself and grasping concepts of personhood, mortality and the dilemma or paradox of living in relationship with other humans while being ultimately alone with oneself. Binswanger believed that all mental issues stemmed from the dilemma of living with other humans and being ultimately alone.
b296578ad53b52001266088dbac83ec8
Julian Jaynes Julian Jaynes (February 27, 1920 – November 21, 1997) was an American psychologist, best known for his book "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind" (1976), in which he argued that ancient peoples were not conscious.
3ed4cc149a3d3c416a9e4ebac24eebc9
Adelbert Ames Jr. Adelbert Ames Jr. (August 19, 1880 – July 3, 1955) was an American scientist who made contributions to physics, physiology, ophthalmology, psychology, and philosophy. He pioneered the study of physiological optics at Dartmouth College, serving as a research professor, then as director of research at the Dartmouth Eye Institute. He conducted important research into aspects of binocular vision, including cyclophoria and aniseikonia. Ames is perhaps best known for constructing illusions of visual perception, most notably the Ames room and the Ames window. He was a leading light in the Transactionalist School of psychology and also made contributions to social psychology.
208487cc6d1b79ccfb433e3faa11ec19
Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss ( ; German: "Gauß" , ] ; Latin: "Carolus Fridericus Gauss" ) (30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics.
f249ecee6aa9b35d81db7f3fa0585e8f
Triune brain The triune brain is a model of the evolution of the vertebrate forebrain and behavior, proposed by the American physician and neuroscientist Paul D. MacLean. MacLean originally formulated his model in the 1960s and propounded it at length in his 1990 book "The Triune Brain in Evolution". The triune brain consists of the reptilian complex, the paleomammalian complex (limbic system), and the neomammalian complex (neocortex), viewed as structures sequentially added to the forebrain in the course of evolution. However, this hypothesis is no longer espoused by the majority of comparative neuroscientists in the post-2000 era.
a3495bfe0a8585ce37a4e9a5d20508d6
Hiroomi Umezawa Hiroomi Umezawa (梅沢 博臣 , Umezawa Hiroomi ) (September 20, 1924 – March 24, 1995) was a physicist and Distinguished Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. He is known for his fundamental contributions to quantum field theory and for his work on quantum phenomena in relation to the mind.
e651c38497f252ecbc642eb4ff1b864e
Heinz Pagels Heinz Rudolf Pagels (February 19, 1939 – July 23, 1988) was an American physicist, an adjunct professor of physics at Rockefeller University, the executive director and chief executive officer of the New York Academy of Sciences, and president of the International League for Human Rights. He wrote the popular science books "The Cosmic Code" (1982), "Perfect Symmetry" (1985), and "" (1988).
6900ab7e681fe65e84541e627c006d66
Lennart Heimer Lennart Heimer (11 March 1930 – 12 March 2007), was a Swedish-American neuroscientist and professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Virginia. He was most noted for mapping circuits of the brain in the limbic lobe and basal ganglia, structures that play central roles in emotion processing and movement.
a72c1daefe25d5c56ff93c3fdd7dd18f
Chinese room The Chinese room argument holds that a program cannot give a computer a "mind", "understanding" or "consciousness", regardless of how intelligently or human-like the program may make the computer behave. The argument was first presented by philosopher John Searle in his paper, "Minds, Brains, and Programs", published in "Behavioral and Brain Sciences" in 1980. It has been widely discussed in the years since. The centerpiece of the argument is a thought experiment known as the Chinese room.
5e7f425ea36a5d477c0a0641d76465cd
Brie Gertler Brie Gertler is an American philosopher who works primarily on problems in the philosophy of mind. A mind-body dualist, she is Commonwealth Professor of Philosophy at the University of Virginia. Her special interests include introspection, consciousness and mental content.
ecb861dafefc78dfc8992279d68f3c23
Oliver Sacks Oliver Wolf Sacks, CBE, FRCP (9 July 1933 – 30 August 2015) was a British neurologist, naturalist, historian of science, and author. Born in Great Britain, and mostly educated there, he spent his career in the United States. He believed that the brain is the "most incredible thing in the universe." He became widely known for writing best-selling case histories about both his patients' and his own disorders and unusual experiences, with some of his books adapted for plays by major playwrights, feature films, animated short films, opera, dance, fine art, and musical works in the classical genre.
7a58c124b73cca09d36ca6fe5a247a8b
Cognitive revolution The cognitive revolution is the name for an intellectual movement in the 1950s that created, what are collectively known as, the cognitive sciences. It began in the modern context of greater interdisciplinary communication and research. The relevant areas of interchange were the combination of psychology, anthropology, and linguistics with approaches developed within the then-nascent fields of artificial intelligence, computer science, and neuroscience.
61988a34e250c5136d0e9517a6b72208
Jerry Donohue Jerry Donohue (June 12, 1920 – February 13, 1985) was an American theoretical and physical chemist. He is best remembered for steering James D. Watson and Francis Crick towards the correct structure of DNA with some crucial information.
4b4556788051f650db87ccffe8fdf794
Karl Popper Sir Karl Raimund Popper {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian and British philosopher and professor. He is generally regarded as one of the 20th century's greatest philosophers of science.
9593afb7d1e4c421b08f9f62a5b85f21
Consciousness Explained Consciousness Explained is a 1991 book by the American philosopher Daniel Dennett, in which the author offers an account of how consciousness arises from interaction of physical and cognitive processes in the brain.
88ae566341f7fce0f07c2c786613db94
Julian Schwinger Julian Seymour Schwinger (February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order. Schwinger was a physics professor at several universities.