Which is a type of fern, Cibotium or Ecballium?
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Cibotium Cibotium (from the Greek "kibootion", meaning chest or box) is a genus of 11 species of tropical tree fern—subject to much confusion and revision—distributed fairly narrowly in Hawaiʻ i (four species, plus a hybrid, collectively known as hāpuʻ u), Southeast Asia (five species), and the cloud forests of Central America and Mexico (two species). Some of the species currently listed in the literature seem to be synonyms or local-variant subspecies. "Cibotium glaucum", from Hawaiʻ i, is the most frequently encountered "Cibotium" species in the horticultural trade, together with its sibling species "Cibotium chamissoi" and the potentially huge "Cibotium menziesii". The remaining Hawaiian "Cibotium", "C. nealiae", is a 1 m dwarf variety, restricted to the island of Kauaʻ i that is never seen in the horticultural trade. Precise identification of "Cibotium" species is difficult, although all have shiny and rather waxy fronds when viewed from above, with varying degrees of powdery-pale blush when seen from underneath. The natural habitat of "Cibotium" is among the dripping trees and stream gullies of the rainforests on Hawaiʻ i's windward volcanic slopes.
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Ecballium Ecballium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cucurbitaceae containing a single species, Ecballium elaterium, also called the squirting cucumber or exploding cucumber (but not to be confused with "Cyclanthera explodens"). It gets its unusual name from the fact that, when ripe, it squirts a stream of mucilaginous liquid containing its seeds, which can be seen with the naked eye. It is thus considered to have rapid plant movement.
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Cyathea amboinensis Cyathea amboinensis is a species of tree fern native to the Maluku Islands and possibly central and southern Sulawesi, where it grows in swamp and forest at low elevations. This species has an erect trunk, usually 2-4 m tall. Fronds are 1-2 m long and bi- or tripinnate. The stipe is warty near the base and covered with scattered scales that are dark, glossy, and have fragile edges. Sori occur near the midvein of fertile pinnules and are covered by small, dark indusia which resemble small scales.
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Polypodium argyrolepis Polypodium argyrolepis is a species of fern in the Polypodiaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Cyathea capensis Cyathea capensis, with the common name Forest tree fern, is a regionally widespread and highly variable species of tree fern.
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Cyathea gregaria Cyathea gregaria is a species of tree fern endemic to eastern New Guinea, where it grows in lowland forest and coastal rain forest, often forming clumps, at an elevation of up to 100 m. The trunk of this plant is erect and usually 4–5 m tall and about 10 cm in diameter. Fronds may be bi- or tripinnate and 2–3 m in length. The stipe bears spines, but has few scales. These sclaes are medium brown in colouration and have a paler margin. Sori occur near the fertile pinnule midvein and lack indusia.
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Cibotium cumingii Cibotium cumingii is a species of tree fern, of the genus "Cibotium". It is named after the 19th century collector, Hugh Cuming. Its apex and young fronds are covered with reddish hairs. It can be found growing in open forest or in hilly areas in the Philippines and in Taiwan.
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Erodium cicutarium Erodium cicutarium, also known as redstem filaree, redstem stork's bill, common stork's-bill or pinweed, is a herbaceous annual – or in warm climates, biennial – member of the family Geraniaceae of flowering plants. It is native to the Mediterranean Basin and was introduced to North America in the eighteenth century, where it has since become invasive, particularly of the deserts and arid grasslands of the southwestern United States.
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Cyathea geluensis Cyathea geluensis is a species of tree fern native to central and eastern New Guinea as well as the Louisiade Archipelago, where it grows in mossy forest. In New Guinea itself, plants grow at an altitude of 1000–2000 m, however they are present at lower elevations of 700–900 m on associated islands. The trunk of this tree fern is erect and may be 5 m tall or more. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and 1-2.5 m long. They are usually about ten live fronds present in the crown at once. The stipe may be warty and/or have short spines as well as many scattered scales towards the base. These scales are pale to dark and have dull, fragile edges. Sori occur near the fertile pinnule midvein and are protected by pale, thin indusia. "C. geluensis" is a variable taxon and further study is needed to determine whether it does not in fact represent a species complex.
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Asplenium azoricum Asplenium azoricum is a fern from hybrid origin of the Aspleniaceae family, descendent of the Macaronesian ancestral fern "Asplenium anceps". It lives exclusively in the Azores, that is a strict endemic Azorean fern. Its fronds are coriaceous like plastic and its rachis is very thick, dark garnet color and brilliance. A typical feature of this fern, which it shares with all the descendants of "A. anceps", is the existence of a small atrium at the base of the medium and lower pinnae geared towards the apex of the frond with one or two sori in its underside.
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Cibotium schiedei Cibotium schiedei, common name Mexican tree fern, is a species of tree fern, of the genus "Cibotium".
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Lycoperdon echinatum Lycoperdon echinatum, commonly known as the spiny puffball or the spring puffball, is a type of puffball mushroom in the genus "Lycoperdon". The saprobic species has been found in Africa, Europe, Central America, and North America, where it grows on soil in deciduous woods, glades, and pastures. It has been proposed that North American specimens be considered a separate species, "Lycoperdon americanum", but this suggestion has not been followed by most authors. Molecular analysis indicates that "L. echinatum" is closely related to the puffball genus "Handkea".
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Cirsium fontinale Cirsium fontinale or fountain thistle is a flowering perennial herb in the sunflower family. It is endemic to California. The "Cirsium" genus is commonly known as the "thistle" genus, "Cirsium" being the Greek word for 'thistle.'
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Polypodium rimbachii Polypodium rimbachii is a species of fern in the Polypodiaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Cyathea fuliginosa Cyathea fuliginosa is a species of tree fern native to the islands of Luzon, Biliran and Mindanao in the Philippines, where it grows in forest at an altitude of 640-2400 m. This tree fern has an erect trunk up to 5 m tall or more. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and 1-3 m in length. The stipe is warty and may also (or instead) have short spines as well as many scattered scales towards the base. These scales are dark, glossy and have fragile edges. Sori occur near the fertile pinnule midvein and are protected by firm, dark indusia.
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Cyathea batjanensis Cyathea batjanensis is a species of tree fern native to the Maluku Islands and western New Guinea, where it grows in rain forest at an altitude of approximately 600 m. The trunk is erect and 2–3 m tall. Fronds are bi- or tripinnate and 1–2 m long. The stipe is spiny, warty and covered with scattered scales that are dark brown and have fragile edges. Sori are round and occur near the fertile pinnule midvein. They are covered by small, narrow indusia that resemble small saucers in appearance.
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Cyathea fenicis Cyathea fenicis is a species of tree fern native to the Philippines, Taiwan, and Orchid Island, where it grows in wet forest, forest margins and on hillsides. The trunk is erect, up to 1 m tall and about 6 cm in diameter. Fronds are tripinnate and 1.5-2 m long. Characteristically of this species, the lowest pinnae are usually reduced. The stipe is spiny and ranges in colour from brown to purple-dark brown. It bears two types of scales: long dark brown scales as well as minute brown ones. Occasionally the scales are pale. Sori are round and arranged in two rows, one on either side of the pinnule midvein. They are covered by very small indusia that resemble scales in appearance.
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Pteridophyte A pteridophyte "sensu lato" is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that reproduces via spores, and therefore was a member of the former and now invalid taxon Pteridophyta. The term is now used only informally to denominate a fern (monilophyte) or lycophyte. Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are also referred to as "cryptogams". The pteridophytes include the ferns, horsetails, and the lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts). These are not a monophyletic group because ferns and horsetails are more closely related to seed plants than to the lycophytes. Therefore, "Pteridophyta" is now an invalid taxon, although the term "pteridophyte" remains in common parlance, as do "pteridology" and "pteridologist" as a science and its practitioner, to indicate lycophytes and ferns as an informal grouping, such as the International Association of Pteridologists and the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group.
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Cyathea ferruginea Cyathea ferruginea is a species of tree fern endemic to the Philippines.
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Cystopteris bulbifera Cystopteris bulbifera, with the common name bulblet fern, bulblet bladderfern, or bulblet fragile fern is a fern in the Cystopteridaceae family.
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Cyathea squamulata Cyathea squamulata is a species of tree fern native to the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the southern Philippines, including the Sulu Archipelago, where it grows in forest from the lowlands to an altitude of about 1500 m. The trunk is erect and up to 2 m tall. Fronds are pinnate or bipinnate and approximately 1.5 m long. The stipe is covered in densely packed firm, medium brown scales. Sori occur near the fertile pinnule midvein and lack indusia.
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Polypodium scouleri Polypodium scouleri is a species of fern known by the common names leathery polypody, Scouler's polypody, coast polypody and leather-leaf fern. It is native to coastal western North America from British Columbia to Guadalupe Island off Baja California. It is a plant of the coastline, growing in cracks on coastal bluffs, in oceanside forests, beach dunes, and similar habitat. It is often affected by heavy fogs and sea spray. This polypody anchors with a waxy, scaly rhizome. It produces triangular or oblong leaves up to 85 centimeters in maximum length and 27 in width. Each leaf is made up of many round-tipped linear or oblong segments which are usually stiff and leathery in texture and edged with shallow, rounded teeth. The underside of each leaf segment is crowded with rounded sori each up to half a centimeter wide. The sori contain the spores.