The smallest of Hawaii's eight main volcanic islands which is home to the rare flowering plant, Euphorbia skottsvergii, get's how many cm of rainfall on average annually?
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Euphorbia skottsbergii Euphorbia skottsbergii (syn. "Chamaesyce skottsbergii") is a rare species of flowering plant in the euphorb family known by the common names coastal sandmat and Skottsberg's broomspurge. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is found in coastal shrublands on Oʻ ahu, Molokaʻ i, Maui, and Kahoʻ olawe. Like other Hawaiian euphorbs, this plant is known locally as ʻ akoko.
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Kahoolawe Kahoʻ olawe ( ; Hawaiian: ] ) is the smallest of the eight main volcanic islands in the Hawaiian Islands. Kahoʻ olawe is located about 7 mi southwest of Maui and also southeast of Lanai, and it is 11 mi long by 6.0 mi wide, with a total land area of 44.97 sqmi . The highest point on Kahoʻ olawe is the crater of Lua Makika at the summit of Puʻ u Moaulanui, which is about 1477 ft above sea level. Kahoʻ olawe is relatively dry (average annual rainfall is less than 65 cm ) because the island's low elevation fails to generate much orographic precipitation from the northeastern trade winds, and Kahoʻolawe is located in the rain shadow of eastern Maui's 10023 ft volcano, Haleakalā. More than one quarter of Kahoʻ olawe has been eroded down to saprolitic hardpan soil.
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Hawaiian hibiscus Hawaiian hibiscus are seven species of hibiscus regarded as native to Hawaii. The yellow hibiscus is Hawaii's state flower. Although tourists regularly associate the hibiscus flower within experiences visiting the US state of Hawaii, and the plant family Malvaceae includes a relatively large number of species that are native to the Hawaiian Islands, those flowers regularly observed by tourists are generally not the native hibiscus flowers. Most commonly grown as ornamental plants in the Islands are the Chinese hibiscus ("Hibiscus rosa-sinensis") and its numerous hybrids.
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Dubautia imbricata Dubautia imbricata is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names bog dubautia and imbricate dubautia. It is endemic to Hawaii where it is known only from the island of Kauai. There are four known occurrences. Like other "Dubautia" this plant is known as na`ena`e.
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Euphorbia eleanoriae Euphorbia eleanoriae is a rare species of flowering plant in the euphorb family known by the common name Nā Pali sandmat. It is endemic to Kauaʻ i, Hawaii. Like other native Hawaiian euphorbs it is called ʻ akoko locally. This plant was only discovered in 1992 and described to science in 1996 as "Chamaesyce eleanoriae". At that time there were fewer than 500 plants known, all occurring in small populations scattered across the sheer cliffs along the Nā Pali Coast of Kauaʻ i. By 2001 the total population had already dropped; only three populations were found, for a total of fewer than 50 plants. The plant was federally listed as an endangered species of the United States in 2010.
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1975 Hawaii earthquake The 1975 Hawaii earthquake occurred on November 29 with a moment magnitude of 7.4 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII ("Severe"). The shock affected several of the Hawaiian Islands and resulted in the deaths of two people and up to 28 injured. Significant damage occurred in the southern part of the Big Island totaling $4–4.1 million and it also triggered a small brief eruption of Kilauea volcano.
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Pipturus albidus Pipturus albidus, known as māmaki (sometimes waimea, for its resemblance to olomea) in Hawaiian and known as Waimea pipturus in English, is a species of flowering plant in the nettle family, Urticaceae, that is endemic to Hawaiʻ i. It inhabits coastal mesic, mixed mesic, and wet forests at elevations of 60 – . "Māmaki" is a small tree that reaches a height of 9 m and a trunk diameter of 0.3 m .
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Kaʻū Desert The Kaʻ ū Desert is a leeward desert in the district of Kaʻ ū, the southernmost district on the Big Island of Hawaii, and is made up mostly of dried lava remnants, volcanic ash, sand and gravel. The desert covers an area of the Kīlauea Volcano along the Southwest rift zone. The area lacks any vegetation, mainly due to acid rainfall.
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Centre Island, Australia Centre Island is a small, uninhabited island, in the Sir Edward Pellew Group of Islands, Australia. An automated weather station run by the Bureau of Meteorology has been operating on the island since 1968. Temperatures range from 23.8°C to 31.2°C and the average annual rainfall is 1053.4 mm.
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Piper excelsum Piper excelsum (formerly known as "Macropiper excelsum"), or kawakawa in Māori, is a small tree of which the subspecies "P. excelsum" subsp. "excelsum" is endemic to New Zealand; the subspecies "P. e." subsp. "psittacorum" is found on Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island and the Kermadec Islands.
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Euphorbia halemanui Euphorbia halemanui (syn. "Chamaesyce halemanui") is a rare species of flowering plant in the euphorb family known by the common name Kauai sandmat. It is endemic to Kauaʻ i, Hawaii, where there are no more than 400 plants remaining. There are four populations at last count. It is a federally listed endangered species.
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Mauna Loa Mauna Loa ( or ; Hawaiian: ] ; English: Long Mountain ) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean. The largest subaerial volcano in both mass and volume, Mauna Loa has historically been considered the largest volcano on Earth. It is an active shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes, with a volume estimated at approximately 18000 mi3 , although its peak is about 120 ft lower than that of its neighbor, Mauna Kea. Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid, and they tend to be non-explosive.
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Euphorbia dendroides Euphorbia dendroides, also known as tree spurge, is a small tree of the Euphorbiaceae family that grows in semi-arid and mediterranean climates.
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Niuafoʻou Niuafoʻ ou (meaning: "many new coconuts") is the most northerly island in the kingdom of Tonga. It is a volcanic rim island of 15 km² and with a population of 650 in 2006.
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Osteomeles anthyllidifolia Osteomeles anthyllidifolia, commonly called ʻ Ūlei, eluehe, uʻ ulei, Hawaiian rose, or Hawaiian hawthorn, is a species of flowering shrub in the rose family, Rosaceae, that is indigenous to Hawaiʻ i (all islands but "Kahoʻ olawe" and "Niʻ ihau"), the Cook Islands, Tonga, Pitcairn Island, and Rapa Iti, Taiwan and the Ryukyu islands of Japan.
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Xylosma hawaiiense Xylosma hawaiiense is a species of flowering plant in the willow family, Salicaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. Common names include Hawai'i brushholly, maua, and aʻ e (Maui only).
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Dubautia pauciflorula Dubautia pauciflorula is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common name Wahiawa Bog dubautia. It is endemic to Hawaii where it is known only from the Wahiawa Mountains on the island of Kauai.
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Nestegis sandwicensis Nestegis sandwicensis, commonly known as Hawai'i olive' or olopua, is a species of flowering tree in the olive family, Oleaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It is found on all major islands at elevations of 30 – in coastal mesic and mixed mesic forests, and, especially, dry forests. It usually reaches a height of 6 m with a trunk diameter of 0.2 m , but may reach 20 m in height with a trunk diameter of 0.9 m .
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Nothocestrum breviflorum Nothocestrum breviflorum, commonly known as smallflower ʻ aiea, is a species of tree in the nightshade family, Solanaceae, that is endemic to the island of Hawaiʻ i. It inhabits dry and mixed mesic forests at elevations of 180 - . These forests are dominated by ʻ ōhiʻ a lehua ("Metrosideros polymorpha") and koa ("Acacia koa") or lama ("Diospyros sandwicensis"), while plants associated with smallflower ʻ aiea include wiliwili ("Erythrina sandwicensis") and uhiuhi ("Caesalpinia kavaiensis"). "N. breviflorum" reaches a height of 10 - . It is threatened by habitat loss. It is federally listed as an endangered species of the United States. There are fewer than 50 individuals remaining.
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Hawaiian eruption A Hawaiian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption where lava flows from the vent in a relatively gentle, low level eruption; it is so named because it is characteristic of Hawaiian volcanoes. Typically they are effusive eruptions, with basaltic magmas of low viscosity, low content of gases, and high temperature at the vent. Very little amounts of volcanic ash are produced. This type of eruption occurs most often at hotspot volcanoes such as Kīlauea on Hawaii's big island and in Iceland, though it can occur near subduction zones (e.g. Medicine Lake Volcano in California, United States) and rift zones. Another example of Hawaiian eruptions occurred on the island of Surtsey in Iceland from 1964 to 1967, when molten lava flowed from the crater to the sea.
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Tiga Island, Malaysia Tiga Island (Malay: "Pulau Tiga" ) is one of a group of small uninhabited islands in Kimanis Bay off the western coast of Sabah, Malaysia. The islands were formed on 21 September 1897, when an earthquake on Mindanao caused a volcanic eruption near Borneo. The island is 607 ha in size and has a couple of active mud volcanos at the highest part of the island.
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Freycinetia arborea Freycinetia arborea, ʻ Ieʻ ie, is a densely branched, brittle, woody climber in the family Pandanaceae, endemic to the Pacific Islands. "ʻ Ieʻ ie" is found in moist forest on the Hawaiian, Marquesas, Austral, Society, and Cook Islands. It grows into the forest canopy, attaching itself to a host tree using aerial roots. It may also grow as a sprawling tangle on the forest floor. The shiny green leaves have pointed ends and are spiny on the lower side of the midrib and along the edges. Leaves measure 40 - long and 1 - wide, and are spirally arranged around the ends of branches. Flowers form on spike-like inflorescences at the end of branches, and are either staminate or pistillate. Staminate spikes are yellowish-white and up to 10 cm in length. Pistillate spikes are 3 - but elongate to 7.5 - once fruit are produced. Three to four spikes are surrounded by orange-salmon bracts. Fruit is 1 cm long and contains many 1.5 mm seeds. The bracts and fruit of the "ʻ ieʻ ie" were a favorite food of the "ʻ ōʻ ū" ("Psittirostra psittacea"), an extinct Hawaiian honeycreeper that was formerly a principal seed dispersal vector for plants with small seeded, fleshy fruits in low elevation forests. It is also a favored food of the "ʻ alalā" ("Corvus hawaiiensis"), which is currently extinct in the wild.