When was the Georgian-born Soviet revolutionary and political leader died who was Marshal of Poland by Joseph Stalin's order from 1945 until his death?
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Michał Rola-Żymierski Michał Rola-Żymierski (] ; September 4, 1890October 15, 1989) was a Polish high-ranking Communist Party leader, communist military commander, NKVD secret agent, and Marshal of Poland by Joseph Stalin's order from 1945 until his death. He supported the 1981 imposition of Martial law in Poland.
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Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian-born Soviet revolutionary and political leader. Governing the Soviet Union as its dictator from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, he served as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and as Premier of the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1953. Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist, Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism–Leninism while his own policies became known as Stalinism.
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Terentiy Parafilo Terentiy Mikhaylovich Parafilo (Russian: Тере́нтий Михай́лович Парафи́ло ; 28 October 1901 –24 June 1943 24 1943(1943--) (aged (1943)-(1901)-((06)<(10)or(06)==(10)and(24)<(28)) ) was a Soviet military leader. Parafilo is primarily remembered for his service during World War II, in which he first participated as commander of a Naval Infantry brigade attached to the Baltic Sea Fleet during Nazi Germany's incursion into the Baltics, then as a major general commanding the shore-based 7th Airborne Guards Division of the Soviet Army.
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Geno Adamia Geno Adamia (Georgian: გენო ადამია ) (March 8, 1936 – September 28, 1993) was a Georgian military commander who was killed during the war in Abkhazia, Georgia.
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Jaan Anvelt Jaan Anvelt (in Russian Ян Анвельт, also known by the pseudonyms Eessaare Aadu, Jaan Holm, Jaan Hulmu, Kaarel Maatamees, Onkel Kaak or Н. Альтъ; 18 April 1884 – 11 December 1937), was a Soviet revolutionary, leader of the Communist Party of Estonia, the first Premier of Soviet Estonia, and the Chairman of the Council of The Commune of the Working People of Estonia (Estonian "Eesti Töörahva Kommuun"). Imprisoned during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge in 1937, he died from the injuries sustained during a beating by Aleksandr Langfang while in NKVD custody.
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Ivan Svanidze Ivan "Dzhonrid" Alexandrovich Svanidze (Russian: Иван "Джонрид" Александрович Свани́дзе ; Georgian: ივანე ალექსანდრეს ძე სვანიძე ; Ivane Aleksandres dze Svanidze ; 1927 – 1990), was a Soviet academic who specialized in agriculture and African Studies. He was the nephew of Joseph Stalin through his first wife, Ketevan Svanidze, and the third husband of Stalin's youngest daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva.
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Zurab Zhvania Zurab Zhvania (Georgian: ზურაბ ჟვანია ; 9 December 1963 – 3 February 2005) was a Georgian politician, who served as Prime Minister of Georgia and Speaker of the Parliament of Georgia. Zhvania remained prime minister for about a year until February 2005, when he was found naked and dead from carbon monoxide poisoning in a secret apartment with another man, Raul Usupov, who also died. Zhvania's death has been a recurring flashpoint in Georgia's political life ever since, with the late politician's bodyguards arguing that his death was a homosexual encounter gone wrong, and his family, perhaps not believing or wishing to admit he had a same-sex encounter, maintaining that it was a politically motivated murder.
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Robert Eideman Robert Eideman (Latvian: "Roberts Eidemanis" ) (1895 – June 12, 1937) was an ethnic Latvian Soviet Komkor, writer and poet. He was born in Lejasciems, Gulbene Municipality in modern-day Latvia. He fought in World War I in the Imperial Russian Army and the Russian Civil War on the side of the Soviet Red Army. He was a member of the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1918. He was one of the defendants in the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization alongside Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky. He was executed in Moscow. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was rehabilitated.
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Mikhail Demichev Mikhail Demichev (1885 – November 19, 1937) was a Soviet Komdiv (division commander). He fought in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks in the subsequent civil war. He was a recipient of the Order of the Red Banner. During the Great Purge, he was arrested on August 9, 1937 and later executed. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was rehabilitated in 1956.
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Prince Teimuraz of Georgia Teimuraz Bagrationi (Georgian: თეიმურაზ ბაგრატიონი ) otherwise known as Tsarevich Teimuraz Georgievich (Russian: царевич Теймураз Георгиевич ) (April 23, 1782 – October 25, 1846) was a Georgian royal prince ("batonishvili") and scholar primarily known as an author of the first critical history in Georgian as well as for his work to popularize interest in the history and culture of Georgia and preserve its treasures.
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Vladimir Janjgava Vladimir (Nikolayevich) Janjgava (Georgian: ვლადიმერ ჯანჯღავა ; May 19, 1907 – April 10, 1982) was an ethnic Georgian Soviet Army Lieutenant General and Hero of the Soviet Union who participated in battles during the Winter War and was a specialist in infantry warfare during World War II. Janigava held command of various infantry regiments, divisions and corps of the Soviet Army.
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Mikhail Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (Russian: Михаи́л Никола́евич Тухаче́вский ; February 16 [O.S. February 4] 1893  – June 12, 1937) was a leading Soviet military leader and theoretician from 1918 to 1937. He commanded the Soviet Western Front in the Soviet-Polish War of 1920–1921 and served as chief of staff of the Red Army from 1925 through 1928, as assistant in the People's Commissariat of Defense after 1934 and as commander of the Volga Military District in 1937. He contributed to the modernization of Soviet armament and army force structure in the 1920s and 1930s and became instrumental in the development of aviation, mechanized, and airborne forces. As a theoretician, he was a driving force behind Soviet development of the theory of deep operations. The Soviet authorities accused him of treason and had him shot during the military purges of 1937–1938, but rehabilitated his reputation in the 1960s.
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Leonid Veyner Leonid Jakovlevich Veyner (March 17, 1897 – November 26, 1937) was a Soviet general, born in Horlivka, who was given the rank of Komkor on November 21, 1935. He served in the Imperial Russian Army in World War I and in the Soviet Red Army in the Russian Civil War. He was a recipient of the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner and the Order of the Red Star (1934). During the Great Purge, he was arrested on August 15, 1937 and later executed in Mariupol. After the death of Joseph Stalin, he was rehabilitated.
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Maksim Mager Maksim Petrovich Mager (1897 – October 16, 1941) was a Soviet komkor. He was born in what is now Belarus. He fought in the Soviet Red Army during the Russian Civil War. He was a recipient of the Order of Lenin (February 22, 1938) and the Order of the Red Banner. During the Great Purge, he was arrested on September 10, 1938 and released on February 9, 1940. He was later re-arrested on April 28, 1941. As part of the Purge of the Red Army in 1941, he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union and executed during the Battle of Moscow.
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Gori City Hall Gori City Hall (Georgian: გორის მერია , "goris meria") is an administrative building of Gori, Georgia, a city in eastern Georgia, which serves as the regional capital of Shida Kartli. According to media reports, the hall has been a target of shelling by Russian troops during the 2008 Russian Georgian war. Until 2010, there was a monument to Joseph Stalin in front of the City Hall who was born in this city.
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Besarion Jughashvili Besarion Ivanis dze Jughashvili (1849 or 1850 – 25 August 1909) was the father of Soviet ruler Joseph Stalin. He was commonly known as "Beso". He was a successful cobbler by trade, but later in life he slid into alcoholism and became a vagrant. His wife and Stalin's mother was Ekaterine Geladze.
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Władysław Sikorski Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski (] ; 20 May 1881 – 4 July 1943) was a Polish military and political leader.
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Władysław Raczkiewicz Władysław Raczkiewicz ( ; 28 January 1885 – 6 June 1947) was a Polish politician, lawyer, diplomat and the first president of the Polish government in exile from 1939 until his death in 1947. Until 1945 he was the internationally recognized Polish head of state, and the Polish Government in Exile was recognized as the continuum to the Polish government of 1939.
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History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953) The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953 covers the period in Soviet history from establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. He sought to destroy his enemies while transforming Soviet society with aggressive economic planning, in particular a sweeping collectivization of agriculture and rapid development of heavy industry. Stalin consolidated his power within the party and the state and fostered an extensive cult of personality. Soviet secret-police and the mass-mobilization Communist party served as Stalin's major tools in molding Soviet society. Stalin's brutal methods in achieving his goals, which included party purges, political repression of the general population, and forced collectivization, led to millions of deaths: in Gulag labor camps and during man-made famine.
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Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Николай Иванович Кузнецов ) (July 27, 1911–March 9, 1944) was a semi-legendary Soviet intelligence agent and partisan who operated in Nazi-occupied Ukraine (Reichskommissariat Ukraine) during World War II who personally killed six high-ranking German officials. His file is still not fully disclosed and will be held until 2025 in the FSB archives. It was not until 1990 that Kuznetsov was officially recognized as a NKVD agent. He used several pseudonyms during his intelligence operations: e.g. Rudolf Schmidt, Nikolai Vasilevitsh Grachev (Николай Васильевич Грачёв) and Oberleutnant Paul Siebert. Kuznetsov was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
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Gocha Gavasheli Georgi (Gocha) Grigoryevich Gavasheli (Russian: Георгий (Гоча) Григорьевич Гавашели ; Georgian: გიორგი გავაშელი ; born 18 February 1947 in Gagra; died 25 December 1997 in Urengoy, Russia in an accident) was a Soviet Georgian football player.
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Stalin (Trotsky book) "Stalin" is a two-volume biography of Joseph Stalin, written by Leon Trotsky between 1938 and 1940. The second volume was not completed because of the author's murder. The publication of the book was delayed by the publisher because of the American entry into World War II - the work was published only when the Cold War began. The book has a strong anti-Stalinist message: the Soviet leader is accused of committing a number of crimes, including poisoning of Vladimir Lenin. Translated into many languages; first published in the USSR in 1990 and became a bestseller.