Which philosopher, known for his 1651 book, fled to France for legal reasons?
bfc71e175c5e93cad2f41dfa387ca34b
Right of asylum The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum, from the ancient Greek word ἄσυλον) is an ancient juridical concept, under which a person persecuted by their own country may be protected by another sovereign authority, such as another country or church official, who in medieval times could offer sanctuary. This right was already recognized by the Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Hebrews, from whom it was adopted into Western tradition. René Descartes fled to the Netherlands, Voltaire to England, and Thomas Hobbes to France, because each state offered protection to persecuted foreigners.
853875c87bdd6944dc6178effe8a9616
Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes ( ; 5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book "Leviathan", which established the social contract theory that has served as the foundation for most later Western political philosophy. In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, jurisprudence, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy.
b5cdd766b35b243df6bf1d41eac1c861
Marian exiles The Marian Exiles were English Protestants who fled to the continent during the reign of the Roman Catholic Queen Mary I and King Philip. They settled chiefly in Protestant countries such as the Netherlands, Switzerland and Germany, and also in France, Italy and Poland.
536409b0fd2628d4115ba126debaef93
Francis of Marchia Francis of Marchia (c. 1290 - after 1344) was an Italian Franciscan theologian and philosopher. He was an ally of William of Ockham and Michael of Cesena, and opponent of Pope John XXII, in the struggles of the Franciscan Spirituals, leading to his expulsion from the order in 1329. He was commenting on the "Sentences" of Peter Lombard around 1320, but no longer closely bound to Lombard; for example he incidentally theorises on projectile motion, views now thought to be taken from Richard Rufus of Cornwall. He was nicknamed "Doctor Succinctus".
3c5218445b14567fc63675c01b344e5f
Jean Rousset de Missy Jean Rousset de Missy (Laon, 26 August 1686–Uithoorn?, 13 August, 1762) was a French Huguenot writer, from early in life in the Netherlands. He was a renowned historian and author on international law and a prolific journalist. Born in Laon from Protestant parents (Jean Rousset and Rachel Cottin), he studied at the Collège du Plessis in Paris. After a conflict with his stepmother he joined the Dutch States Army during the War of the Spanish Succession and was present at the Battle of Malplaquet (1709). In 1724 (after having founded and led a school for aristocratic boys in The Hague), he started his activities as a professional journalist.
6332c2c04d3d2ac19bb36490a7ec9bb6
The Poverty of Philosophy The Poverty of Philosophy ( "Misère de la philosophie") is a book by Karl Marx published in Paris and Brussels in 1847, where he lived in exile from 1843 until 1849. It was originally written in French as an answer to the economic and philosophical arguments of French anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon set forth in his 1846 book "The System of Economic Contradictions, or The Philosophy of Poverty."
86af2ab6b645e323b9f217086be3937a
Persecution and the Art of Writing Persecution and the Art of Writing, published in 1952 by the Free Press, is a book of collected articles written by Leo Strauss. The book contains five previously published essays, many of which were significantly altered by Strauss from their original publication. The general theme of the book is the relationship between politics and philosophy. The thesis of the book is that many ancient and early modern political philosophers, in order to avoid persecution, hid their most heterodox ideas within their texts.
1104975c53bdd34420e01583f01a5d05
Spinoza (book) Spinoza (1951; second edition 1962; third edition 1987) is a book about Baruch Spinoza by the English philosopher Stuart Hampshire. The work includes a foreword by the philosopher A. J. Ayer, while a new introduction was added to the 1987 edition. "Spinoza" has become a classic work about Spinoza and has received praise from philosophers. In 2005, "Spinoza", along with Hampshire's other writings on the philosopher, was incorporated into a single volume, published as "Spinoza and Spinozism".
280dd488c28ee8855b90385e57d65190
Jakob Thomasius Jakob Thomasius (27 August 1622 – 9 September 1684) was a German academic philosopher and jurist. He is now regarded as an important founding figure in the scholarly study of the history of philosophy. His views were eclectic, and were taken up by his son Christian Thomasius.
23255b05c0aea7dc8e6bf8278ac14849
Pierre Poiret Pierre Poiret Naudé (15 April, 1646 – 21 May, 1719) was a prominent 17th century French mystic and Christian philosopher. He was born at Metz April 15, 1646 and died at Rijnsburg (3 m. n. of Leyden) May 21, 1719.
194b109ad70b29f8c70636dec61116ee
Ludwig Camerarius Ludwig Camerarius (22 January 1573, Nuremberg – 4 October 1651, probably in Heidelberg) was a German statesman, lawyer, minister and head of Frederick V's government-in-exile in the Hague. He also served Swedish interests later in his life. He was the son of the scholar Joachim Camerarius the Younger and grandson of Joachim Camerarius the Elder.
8ad563cb140a4b57b4d8ec8250374f34
James Wright (antiquarian) James Wright (1643–1713), was an antiquary and writer, author of the notable Historia Histrionica. Though evidently a good scholar, he was not of either university; but in 1666 he became a student of New Inn, migrating in 1669 to the Middle Temple, by which society he was called to the bar in 1672. 'During the fluctuations of government and afterwards,' says Warton, 'he was attached to the principles of monarchy in their most extensive comprehension, and from this circumstance he might have derived his predilection for the theatre which had been suppressed by the republicans.' Besides the theatre he was much attached to country life, and dwelt often with his father at Oakham. He was 'a skilful antiquary and not a bad poet,' and possessed many rare and valuable old manuscripts, being 'one of the first collectors of old plays since Cartwright,' but all his literary curiosities, among which was an excellent transcript of Leland's 'Itinerary' of the age of Queen Elizabeth, and consequently made before the present mutilations and corruptions, were unfortunately consumed in the fire of the Middle Temple of 1678. (Hearne, Collections, ii. 227). Thomas Hearne wrote of him in October 1713 as recently dead. I am told, he adds, that 'he dyed a papist, and yt he continued always so from his first turning, which was I hear in K. Charles IInd's time' (Hearne, Collections, ed. Rannie, iv. 252).
db73aa7182c70f54555bf8c470a49b1f
Jean Meslier Jean Meslier (] ; also Mellier; 15 June 1664 – 17 June 1729), was a French Catholic priest (abbé) who was discovered, upon his death, to have written a book-length philosophical essay promoting atheism. Described by the author as his "testament" to his parishioners, the text denounces all religion.
de115f88e54478183625add1d58fccdc
Vincent Placcius Vincent Placcius (1642-1699) was a German writer, professor, jurist and polymath.
e099e70d2f336e8b99681f3bef81874d
Jean Barbier d'Aucour Jean Barbier d'Aucour (1 September 1641, Langres – 3 September 1694, Paris) was a French lawyer to the parliament of Paris, ardent Jansenist and satirist. He wrote anti-Jesuit pamphlets in prose and verse (he had formerly studied under the Jesuits).
3cc665c049e4c638093dbf2dce4541b4
Roche Braziliano Roche Braziliano (sometimes spelled "Rock", "Roch", "Roc", "Roque", "Brazilliano", or "Brasiliano") (c. 1630 – disappeared c. 1671) was a Dutch pirate born in the town of Groningen. His pirate career lasted from 1654 until his disappearance around 1671. He was first made famous in Alexandre Exquemelin's 1678 book "The Buccaneers of America"; Exquemelin did not know Braziliano's real name, but historians have found he was probably born as Gerrit Gerritszoon and that he and his parents moved to Dutch-controlled Brazil. He is known as "Roche Braziliano", which in English translates to "Rock the Brazilian", due to his long exile in Brazil.
7f2798166e9509b36631306240ea2691
André Rivet André Rivet (Andreas Rivetus) (August 1572 – January 7, 1651) was a French Huguenot theologian.
eaa7f003b206d26be63d7bd8639aab8a
Eulamius Eulamius ( ; Greek: ), born in Phrygia, was, along with Damascius, one of the Athenian philosophers who sought asylum at the court of Khosrau I (r. 531–579) of Persia in 531/532 when Byzantine emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) closed down the last pagan philosophical schools in Athens. Eulamius disliked his stay in Persia and ultimately returned to Byzantium in 532, protected by a treaty that guaranteed his safety. His name appears as Eulalios (Greek: Eὐλάλιος) in the "Suda" and as Eulamios (Greek: Eὐλάμιος) in the historical works of Agathias.
fd865026dc71fabbb9d7c075be7d2b93
François du Souhait François du Souhait (between 1570 and 1580 – 1617, Nancy) was a French language author (translator, novelist, poet, satirist, moral philosopher) of the late 16th and early 17th century from the Duchy of Lorraine (at the time, a sovereign court with ties to France).
6a2d3365c814009eb6a4035f19d46192
Louis Richeome Louis Richeome (1544–1625) was a French Jesuit theologian and controversialist. He also wrote under the pseudonyms "Ludovicus de Beaumanoir", "Felix de la Grace", and "Franciscus Montanus".
cf57b2877433226ef7c66028c6f6bfbf
Michel de Marillac Michel de Marillac was Minister of Justice in 1626. He was appointed Superintendent of Finances on 27 August 1624, with Jean Bochart. His advice to Cardinal Richelieu advocated conservative policies abroad and limited involvement in northern Italy during the War of the Mantuan Succession, while France was occupied with suppressing Huguenots at home and countering Habsburg influence in the drawn-out Bourbon-Habsburg wars that were not resolved until 1659. His main concern was encouraging economic growth, as a balance to the threats posed by popular unrest in France and the resistance to new forms of taxation to support the war. His key proposals reforming the legal administration were embodied in the Code Michau, published in 1629, which synthesised in 430 article headings texts adopted by the États-général of 1614 and the Assemblies of Notables, 1617–26, embracing every aspect of government.
7a9c505e06d542546db5a31b0ecd9d80
Jean Philibert Damiron Jean-Philibert Damiron (] ; 10 January 1794 – 11 January 1862) was a French philosopher.