Which large mammal that appears in the engraving for the Wildebeest Kuil Rock Art Centre, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae?
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Wildebeest Kuil Rock Art Centre Wildebeest Kuil Rock Art Centre is a rock engraving site with visitor centre on land owned by the !Xun and Khwe San situated about 16 km from Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa. It is a declared Provincial Heritage Site managed by the Northern Cape Rock Art Trust in association with the McGregor Museum. The engravings exemplify one of the forms often referred to as ‘Bushman rock art’ – or Khoe-San rock art – with the rock paintings of the Drakensberg, Cederberg and other regions of South Africa being generally better known occurrences. Differing in technique, the engravings have many features in common with rock paintings. A greater emphasis on large mammals such as elephant, rhino and hippo, in addition to eland, and an often reduced concern with depicting the human form set the engravings apart from the paintings of the sub-continent.
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Rhinoceros A rhinoceros ( , , ), often abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species. Two of the extant species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia.
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Mullerornis Mullerornis is the smaller of the two genera of extinct elephant birds (Aepyornithidae) of Madagascar (the other is "Aepyornis"). Species include "Mullerornis agilis" Milne-Edwards and A. Grandidier, 1894, and "M. grandis" Lamberton, 1934. A bone possibly belonging to "Mullerornis" has been radiocarbon dated to about 1260 BP, suggesting that the animal was still extant at the end of the first millennium.
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Phascolarctidae The Phascolarctidae ("Phasco" - pouch or bag, "larct"- from the Greek "arctos" meaning bear) are a family of marsupials of the order Diprotodontia, consisting of only one extant species, the koala, and six well-known fossil species, with another five less well known fossil species, and two fossil species of the genus "Koobor", whose taxonomy is debatable but are placed in this group. The closest relatives of the Phascolarctidae are the wombats, which comprise the family Vombatidae.
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Dingo The dingo ("Canis dingo" or "Canis lupus dingo") is a type of feral dog native to Australia. The dingo is the largest terrestrial predator in Australia, and plays an important role as an apex predator. While dingoes are often a threat to livestock, their depredation on rabbits, kangaroos and rats can be a net benefit to pastoralists, and is considered a cultural icon by some Australians.
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Javan rhinoceros The Javan rhinoceros ("Rhinoceros sondaicus"), also known as the Sunda rhinoceros or lesser one-horned rhinoceros, is a very rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant rhinoceroses. It belongs to the same genus as the Indian rhinoceros, and has similar mosaicked, armour-like skin, but at 3.1 – in length and 1.4 – in height, it is smaller (closer in size to the black rhinoceros of the genus "Diceros"). Its horn is usually shorter than 25 cm , and is smaller than those of the other rhino species. Only adult males have horns; females lack them altogether.
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Arsinoitherium Arsinoitherium is an extinct genus of paenungulate mammal belonging to the extinct order Embrithopoda. It is related to elephants, sirenians, hyraxes and the extinct desmostylians. Arsinoitheres were superficially rhinoceros-like herbivores that lived during the late Eocene and the early Oligocene of northern Africa from 36 to 30 million years ago, in areas of tropical rainforest and at the margin of mangrove swamps. A species described in 2004, "A. giganteum", lived in Ethiopia about 27 million years ago.
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African buffalo The African buffalo or Cape buffalo ("Syncerus caffer") is a large African bovine. It is not closely related to the slightly larger wild water buffalo of Asia and its ancestry remains unclear. "Syncerus caffer caffer", the Cape buffalo, is the typical subspecies, and the largest one, found in South and East Africa. "S. c. nanus" (African forest buffalo) is the smallest subspecies, common in forest areas of Central and West Africa, while "S. c. brachyceros" is in West Africa and "S. c. aequinoctialis" is in the savannas of East Africa. The adult buffalo's horns are its characteristic feature; they have fused bases, forming a continuous bone shield across the top of the head referred to as a "boss". They are widely regarded as very dangerous animals, as they gore and kill over 200 people every year.
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Rock carvings at Møllerstufossen The Rock carvings at Møllerstufossen in Nord-Sinni in Nordre Land municipality in Oppland county of Norway comprise several carvings of moose and one other animal. The site covers about 20 m². The largest figure measures about 90 cm across. The figures are carved with deep and wide strokes and are easy to spot.
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Mole (animal) Moles are small mammals adapted to a subterranean lifestyle (i.e., fossorial). They have cylindrical bodies, velvety fur, very small, inconspicuous ears and eyes, reduced hindlimbs and short, powerful forelimbs with large paws adapted for digging. The term "mole" is especially and most properly used for "true moles" of the Talpidae family in the order Eulipotyphla found in most parts of North America, Asia, and Europe; although it may also refer to other completely unrelated mammals of Australia and southern Africa that have also evolved the mole body plan; it is not commonly used for some talpids, such as desmans and shrew-moles, which do not quite fit the common definition of "mole".
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Paraceratherium Paraceratherium is an extinct genus of hornless rhinoceros, and one of the largest terrestrial mammals that has ever existed. It lived from the early to late Oligocene epoch (34–23 million years ago); its remains have been found across Eurasia between China and the Balkans. It is classified as a member of the hyracodont subfamily Indricotheriinae. "Paraceratherium" means "near the hornless beast", in reference to "Aceratherium", a genus that was once thought similar.
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Crowned shrew The crowned shrew or Millet's shrew ("Sorex coronatus") is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is found in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and the British island of Jersey. It is almost indistinguishable from the common shrew, its habitatal preferences and habits are identical. However it has a different karyotype, is slightly smaller, and has small morphological differences, such as a longer rostrum (upper tooth-row and mandible) relative to length of skull.
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Hyosus Hyosus was an extinct genus of even-toed ungulates that existed in India.
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Aardwolf The aardwolf ("Proteles cristata") is a small, insectivorous mammal, native to East and Southern Africa. Its name means "earth wolf" in Afrikaans and Dutch. It is also called "maanhaar jackal" (Afrikaans for "mane jackal") or "civet hyena", based on its habit of secreting substances from its anal gland, a characteristic shared with the civet. The aardwolf is in the same family as the hyena. Unlike many of its relatives in the order Carnivora, the aardwolf does not hunt large animals. It eats insects, mainly termites – one aardwolf can eat about 250,000 termites during a single night, using its long, sticky tongue to capture them. The aardwolf lives in the shrublands of eastern and southern Africa – open lands covered with stunted trees and shrubs. It is nocturnal, resting in burrows during the day and emerging at night to seek food. Its diet consists mainly of termites and insect larvae.
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The Mammals of Australia The Mammals of Australia is a three volume work written and published by John Gould between 1845–63. It contains 182 illustrations by the author and its artist H. C. Richter. It was intended to be a complete survey of the novel species of mammals, such as the marsupials, discovered in the colonies of Australia.
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Eomoropidae Eomoropidae is a family of odd-toed ungulates, a group which also includes horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. They were most closely related to the extinct chalicotheres, which they greatly resemble, and may have been their immediate ancestors. They were, however, much smaller than the later forms, being around the size of a sheep. Like their later relatives, they were probably browsers on leaves and other soft vegetation, and, unlike most other ungulates, had claws on their feet. The Eomoropidae is most likely a paraphyletic group within Chalicotherioidea.
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Macraucheniidae Macraucheniidae is a family in the extinct South American ungulate order Litopterna, with similarities to the camel and rhinoceros. The reduced nasal bones of their skulls suggest that they may have had a small proboscis, or trunk. Their hooves were similar to those of rhinoceroses today, with a simple ankle joint and three digits on each foot. Thus, they may have been capable of rapid directional change when running away from predators, such as large phorusrhacid terror birds, sparassodont marsupials, and saber-toothed cats ("Smilodon"). Macraucheniids probably lived in large herds to gain protection against these predators, as well as to facilitate finding mates for reproduction.
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Coelodonta thibetana The Tibetan woolly rhinoceros ("Coelodonta thibetana") is an extinct species of woolly rhinoceros native to western Himalayas that lived during the middle Pliocene epoch. "C. thibetana" is known from the holotype IVPP V15908, a partially complete skull including incomplete lower jaw preserved with full dentition. It was first named by Tao Deng, Xiaoming Wang, Mikael Fortelius, Qiang Li, Yang Wang, Zhijie J. Tseng, Gary T. Takeuchi, Joel E. Saylor, Laura K. Säilä and Guangpu Xie in 2011.
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Amynodontidae Amynodontidae ("threatening tooth") is a family of extinct perissodactyls related to true rhinoceroses, they are commonly portrayed as semiaquatic hippo-like rhinos but this description only fits members of the Metamynodontini, other groups of amynodonts like the cadurcodontines had more typical ungulate proportions and convergently evolved a tapir-like proboscis. Their fossils have been found in North America, Europe and Asia ranging in age from the Middle Eocene to the Early Oligocene, with a single genus ("Cadurcotherium") surviving into the Late Oligocene in South Asia (Pakistan). The genus "Metamynodon" may have survived into the early Miocene.
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Lesser kudu The lesser kudu ("Tragelaphus imberbis") is a forest antelope found in East Africa. It is placed in the genus "Tragelaphus" and family Bovidae. It was first described by the English zoologist Edward Blyth in 1869. The head-and-body length is typically 110 - . Males reach about 95 - at the shoulder, while females reach 90 - . Males typically weigh 92 - and females 56 - . The females and juveniles have a reddish-brown coat, while the males become yellowish grey or darker after the age of two years. Horns are present only on males. The spiral horns are 50 - long, and have two to two-and-a-half twists.
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Xenokeryx Xenokeryx ("strange horn" in Greek) is an extinct genus of ruminant known from the Miocene of Europe. The type species, Xenokeryx amidalae, was recovered from central Spain and bears a unique T-shaped protrusion from the top of the head. The specific epithet "amidalae" is in reference to the character Padmé Amidala from the "Star Wars" films "due to the striking resemblance that the occipital appendage of "Xenokeryx" bears to one of the hairstyles that the aforementioned character shows in "" feature film."
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Impala The impala ( ; "Aepyceros melampus") is a medium-sized antelope found in eastern and southern Africa. The sole member of the genus "Aepyceros", it was first described by German zoologist Hinrich Lichtenstein in 1812. Two subspecies are recognised—the common impala, and the larger and darker black-faced impala. The impala reaches 70 – at the shoulder and weighs 40 – . It features a glossy, reddish brown coat. The male's slender, lyre-shaped horns are 45 – long.