Before the advent of what was the prime example of a battle-axe a radical member of the temperance movement?
be4c3d16ce61a43fe4c8a0ad9711a2af
Battle-axe (woman) A battle-axe is a term, generally considered pejorative, for an aggressive, domineering and forceful woman. The prime example was the militant temperance activist Carrie Nation, who wielded a hatchet and made it her symbol, living in "Hatchet Hall" and publishing a magazine called "The Hatchet". She became involved in the suffragette campaign for votes for women and this campaign further established the archetype.
9e3b856669dd12f790f4f8844fc8ed66
Carrie Nation Carrie Amelia Nation (forename sometimes spelled Carry; November 25, 1846 – June 9, 1911) was an American woman who was a radical member of the temperance movement, which opposed alcohol before the advent of Prohibition. She is particularly noteworthy for attacking alcohol-serving establishments (most often taverns) with a hatchet.
5e9a8611e3a382cc140b6caed7bfbeb4
List of temperance towns Temperance Towns were settlements planned, financed, and populated by followers of the temperance movement of the late 19th century.
6104921e74270b2097004593b456e407
Ice tool An ice tool is a specialized elaboration of the modern ice axe (and often described broadly as an ice axe or technical axe), used in ice climbing, mostly for the more difficult configurations. Ice tools are used two to a person for the duration of a pitch, and thus in some circumstances such as top-rope-anchored climbs, a pair may be shared among two or more people, where only one of them at a time is climbing. In contrast a classical "ice axe" is used one to a person for the hours or days a party is traveling across snow or glacier. In communities where it is common to refer to an "ice tool" simply as an "ice axe", classic "ice axes" are often referred to as "traveling axes", "walking axes", or "general mountaineering axes" to distinguish them from "tools".
7692257eebda738bf7f55d3cb0490515
Birmingham Political Union The Birmingham Political Union was a political organisation in Great Britain during the early nineteenth century. Founded by Thomas Attwood, its original purpose was to campaign in favour of extending and redistributing suffrage rights to the working class of the kind set out in the Reform Bill of March 1831 which when passed became the 1832 Reform Act. It included both middle-class and working-class members.
eca28943d09e17252f1057d20a41f107
Early Closing Association The Early Closing Association was formed in the United Kingdom in 1842 or 1843 to control the hours of labour in retail shops, and to abolish Sunday trading. It was promoted by Samuel Carter Hall, George Dawson and John Passmore Edwards, among others. Half-day early Closing was not finally won until 1912. It was opposed by Asquith's Liberal Government until a bill could be passed due to Trade Union pressure. The first socialist woman to enter parliament Margaret Bondfield, later a Labour MP, was an early advocate of early closing when a mass meeting was held in Trafalgar Square. But it would be another decade of 72 hour working days before the week could be cut to 60 hours. Another radical supporter was disgraced Liberal MP Sir Charles Dilke, whose involvement with Mrs Crawford damaged his reputation and chances of becoming Prime Minister. Had he become Gladstone's natural successor early closing might have happened in 1890. Dilke's bill to close shops at 8 pm which failed to pass was bitterly opposed by both Lords and Commons during 1903. Home Secretary Winston Churchill was very anti-trade union regularly opposing any legislation to assist the improvements they so desired. Other famous supporters included H.G. Wells, the author who had spent a miserable two years behind the counter. The creator of Sherlock Holmes, Arthur Conan Doyle warmly approved of the Early Closing Association. Church leaders and friendly societies also backed a change in the law. Without statutory control exploitative proprietors could keep shops open until midnight at the weekend.
09cd0e517f6f9d4db7242358d20ad2e7
The Broad Ax The Broad Ax (1895-1931) was a weekly newspaper that began publication on Aug. 31, 1895, originally in Salt Lake City, Utah, by Julius F. Taylor. After a series of conflicts with the Latter Day Saints, Taylor relocated the newspaper to Chicago, Illinois in 1899. "The Broad Ax" has been described as "the most controversial black newspaper in Chicago in the late nineteenth century," in some ways due to its criticism of Booker T. Washington.
e4ef5c34f862f8375c0ce9cb5165e41a
Cuisine of Antebellum America The cuisine of the Antebellum United States was a change in American eating and cooking habits from that of Colonial America over the period of 1776 to the American Civil War in 1861. During this period different regions of the United States adapted to their surroundings and cultural backgrounds to create specific regional cuisines, modernization of technology led to changes in food consumption, and an evolution of taverns into hotels led to the beginnings of an American temperance movement. By the beginning of the Civil War the United States cuisine and food culture could define itself separately from that of the rest of the world.
8aff10380f1919a7f74e2fd7c05fc12d
Neal Dow House The Neal Dow House, also known as Gen. Neal Dow House, is an historic house found at 714 Congress Street in Portland, Maine. It was built in 1829 for noted politician and prohibitionist Neal Dow (1804-1897), and was later designated a National Historic Landmark for that association. Dow was the author of the first prohibition law passed by the Maine legislature in 1851 (and giving such laws the epithet "Maine law"). He was known as a tireless, internationally known activist for the temperance movement. Dow's house was a center of activism in his lifetime, and is now the headquarters of the Maine chapter of the Women's Christian Temperance Union.
0c59d559af2b5e8d22e35a9476dd9f27
Bafaquan Ba Fa, or Eight Methods, is a Chinese martial art developed by Li De Mao (李德茂) during the Qing dynasty. He combined the techniques of Fanziquan (翻子), Paochui (炮捶), Tantui (弹腿), Tongbeiquan (劈挂) and Xingyiquan (形意) into a new style based on the theory of eight methods (八法). The eight methods are: outer trap, inner trap and stab, flick, support, shake, chop and reel. ('攔、拿、扎、崩、托、抖、劈、纏') This style includes both single forms, pair training, as well as weapon training such as spear, saber and sword. Eight Methods Big Spear (Da Qiang, 大枪), also known as the Big Pole, is a specialty of this style. This technique first appeared in 1906, just before the Revolution of 1911. It combines the methods of the Yue-family spear (岳家槍), Pear-flower Spear (梨花槍) and Liuhe Spear (六合槍) with principles of the eight methods. It is also design to work on foot or on horse back.
f60996a549c9636edccfb9451f4a5f60
Clara Babcock Clara Celestia Hale Babcock (31 May 1850 – 12 December 1925) was one of the first women preachers to be ordained within the Restoration Movement, and was a leader within the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
c818d7ee139d78c4a7413754f03f08c9
Jessie Rooke Jessie Spinks Rooke (10 September 1845 – 4 January 1906) was a suffragette and temperance reformer in Tasmania, Australia, and one of the first Tasmanian women to gain recognition outside Tasmania.
22ad4af2792924ade0ccf3f0e93e3dac
Hannah Tracy Cutler Hannah Maria Conant Tracy Cutler (December 25, 1815 – February 11, 1896) was an abolitionist as well as a leader of the temperance and women's suffrage movements in the United States. Cutler served as president of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). Cutler helped to shape the merger of two feminist factions into the combined National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).
7f848c64163d93fa994747ca4a9c83f0
Alfred Walton Alfred Armstrong Walton (1816–1883) was one of the lesser-known British Radical politicians of working-class origin in the mid-Victorian era. He was a prolific author of newspaper contributions on most political and social questions of his time, with a particular interest in land and parliamentary reform.
878027a5c83ba4cdd6cf99dc3223dece
Battle of George Square The "Battle of George Square", also known as "Bloody Friday" and "Black Friday", was one of the most intense riots in the history of Glasgow; it took place on Friday, 31 January 1919. The dispute revolved around a campaign for shorter working hours, backed by widespread strike action. Clashes between the City of Glasgow Police and protesters broke out, prompting the Secretary of State for War Winston Churchill to order soldiers and tanks to the city to prevent the violence from escalating due to fears by the UK government of a Bolshevist uprising. It was described as a "socialist revolution" by supporters, as had happened in the 1917 Russian Revolution, and was occurring in Germany and in the Austro-Hungarian Empire while the 'Forty Hours' strike unfolded.
b05acbe33c466f6e0d658c04430f354d
Eliza Daniel Stewart Eliza Daniel Stewart (April 25, 1816 - 1908) was an American woman, and an early temperance movement leader. She sometimes referred to herself as "Mother Stewart."
30b1dd5327e9b36936650b5761f97108
Annie Walsh Annie Walsh (fl. 1870-1880), known under the pseudonym Battle Annie, was an American criminal and member of the Gopher Gang. A well-known criminal figure described in the press as "The Queen of Hell's Kitchen" and "the most feared brick hurler of her time", she was the founder and longtime leader of the gang's female auxiliary, the Lady Gophers, headquartered at Mallet Murphy's Battle Row saloon where they were officially known as the Battle Row Ladies' Social and Athletic Club. She was able to assemble a force from 50 up to several hundred women who, armed with clubs, were used as reserve members in gang fights against rival gangs and police. Walsh and her group were also hired out by businesses and labor unions throughout a number of violent labor disputes during the 1870s. She appears as a minor character in the 2003 historical novel "A Passionate Girl" by Thomas J. Fleming.
cdac719281655a61d65ddc1ff63a8331
James H. Southgate James Haywood Southgate (July 12, 1859 – September 29, 1916), was an American spokesman for prohibition. He served as the Vice Presidential candidate of a faction of the Prohibition Party which broke away from the main party in 1896, running with Charles Eugene Bentley.
8fd00dcf2212a63f51f41736ed27f251
Axe murder An axe murder is a murder in which the victim was struck and killed by an axe or hatchet.
0f0b718a05d24a7808f10a0cb0234c5f
James Appleton Brig. Gen. James Appleton (February 14, 1785 – August 25, 1862) was an American abolitionist, early supporter of temperance, and politician from Maine.
728d01d0815e8b3ef64dadb37a20af84
Thomas Lopton Campbell, Jr. Thomas Lopton Campbell, Jr. (December 27, 1809 – September 22, 1893) was a nineteenth-century American pioneer and Texas Ranger. Campbell pioneered the American frontier in New York, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma. He fought in the Black Hawk War and served as a Texas Ranger from 1839 until the secession of Texas from the Union. Campbell, along with Texas Governor Sam Houston, was a prominent spokesman for remaining in the Union prior to the Civil War. Targeted as the most widely known Union supporter in the Austin area, on the day Texas voted to secede from the Union Campbell was publicly humiliated on the streets of the Capitol when a crowd of Secessionists held him captive and forced him to "fire" the anvils in celebration of secession. Campbell and his family left Texas the next day to run supply routes for the Union and pioneer lands in Missouri and Kansas. Later, at the age of 79, Campbell would pioneer a claim in the Land Run of 1889 in Oklahoma.
63aece19249b91d19a78df52e0edcd5b
Branch Davidians The Branch Davidians (also known as "The Branch") are a religious group that originated in 1955 from a schism in the Davidian Seventh-day Adventists ("Davidians"), a reform movement that began as an offshoot from the Seventh-day Adventist Church ("Adventists") around 1930. Some of those who accepted the reform message had been removed from membership of the Seventh-day Adventist Church because of their supplemental teachings. Today, the original Davidian Seventh-day Adventists and the Branch Davidian Seventh-day Adventists are two different and distinct groups. The doctrinal beliefs differ on major teachings such as the Holy Spirit and Its nature, and the feast days and their requirements. Both groups have disputed the relevance of the other's spiritual authority based on the proceedings following Victor Houteff's death. From its inception in 1930, the reform movement believed themselves to be living in a time when Biblical prophecies of a final divine judgment were coming to pass as a prelude to Christ's Second Coming.