On what date was the cosmonaut born that is believed to have landed off-course and been held by the Chinese government?
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Lost Cosmonauts The Lost Cosmonauts or Phantom Cosmonauts are subjects of a conspiracy theory alleging that Soviet cosmonauts went to outer space before Yuri Gagarin, but their existence has never been publicly acknowledged by either the Soviet or Russian space authorities. Proponents of the Lost Cosmonauts theory argue that the Soviet Union attempted to launch two or more manned space flights prior to Gagarin's, and that at least two cosmonauts died in those attempts. Another cosmonaut, Vladimir Ilyushin, is believed to have landed off-course and been held by the Chinese government. The Government of the Soviet Union supposedly suppressed this information, to prevent bad publicity during the height of the Cold War.
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Vladimir Ilyushin Major General Vladimir Sergeyevich Ilyushin (Russian: Владимир Серге́евич Ильюшин ) (March 31, 1927, Moscow  – March 1, 2010) was a Soviet general and noted test pilot, and the son of aerospace engineer Sergei Ilyushin. He spent most of his career as a test pilot for the Sukhoi OKB. In 1961, Ilyushin was the subject of spurious rumors that he, rather than Yuri Gagarin, was the first cosmonaut in space; according to the conspiracy theory, his mission had gone badly, and the Soviet Union had covered it up. Ilyushin was also notable as a rugby union administrator who was inducted into the IRB Hall of Fame in 2013.
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Jing Haipeng Jing Haipeng (; born October 24, 1966) is a Chinese pilot and astronaut selected as part of the Shenzhou program. A fighter pilot in the People's Liberation Army Air Force, he was selected to be a CNSA astronaut in 1998. He is the first Chinese astronaut to have flown on three missions: Shenzhou 7, Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 11.
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Chen Dong (astronaut) Chen Dong (; born 12 December 1978) is a Chinese pilot and astronaut selected as part of the Shenzhou program. A fighter pilot in the People's Liberation Army Air Force, he was selected to be a CNSA astronaut in 2010.
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Fei Junlong Colonel Fei Junlong (; born 1965) is a Chinese military pilot and an astronaut. He flew on the second manned spaceflight of the Shenzhou program.
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Sergei Treshchov Sergei Yevgenyevich Treshchov (Сергей Евгеньевич Трещёв, born 18 August 1958) is a former cosmonaut of the RSC Energia. He spent 184 days in space as a flight engineer of the International Space Station long duration Expedition 5 crew. During the mission Treshchov also conducted a spacewalk.
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Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa Jügderdemidiin Gurragchaa (Mongolian: Жүгдэрдэмидийн Гүррагчаа ; Russian: Жугдэрдэмидийн Гуррагча , ] , born December 5, 1947) was the first Mongolian in space. He was Mongolia's Defense Minister from 2000 to 2004.
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Mohammed Ayub Haji Mohammed Ayub (born April 15, 1984) is a citizen of China, who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.
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Kerim Kerimov Lieutenant-General Kerim Aliyevich Kerimov (Azerbaijani: "Kərim Əli oğlu Kərimov" , Russian: Керим Алиевич Керимов ; 1917–2003) was an Azerbaijani-Soviet/Russian aerospace engineer and a renowned rocket scientist, one of the founders of the Soviet space industry, and for many years a central figure in the Soviet space program. Despite his prominent role, his identity was kept a secret from the public for most of his career. He was one of the lead architects behind the string of Soviet successes that stunned the world from the late 1950s – from the launch of the first satellite, the Sputnik 1 in 1957, and the first human spaceflight, Yuri Gagarin's 108-minute trip around the globe aboard the Vostok 1 in 1961, to the first fully automated space docking, of Cosmos 186 and Cosmos 188 in 1967, and the first space stations, the Salyut and Mir series from 1971 to 1991.
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Vladimir Aksyonov Vladimir Viktorovich Aksyonov (Влади́мир Ви́кторович Аксёнов) (born in Giblitsy, Kasimovsky District, Ryazan Oblast, Russian SFSR, on 1 February 1935) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, married with two children.
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Kosmos 213 Kosmos 213 (Russian: Космос 213 meaning "Cosmos 213") was one of a series of Soviet Soyuz programme test spacecraft whose purpose was to further test and develop the passenger version. Scientific data and measurements were relayed to earth by multichannel telemetry systems equipped with space-borne memory units. Kosmos 212 and Kosmos 213 automatically docked in orbit on April 15, 1968. Both spacecraft landed on Soviet territory.
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Nikolai Tikhonov (cosmonaut) Nikolay Vladimirovich Tikhonov (Russian: Николай В. Тихонов ) was born May 23, 1982. He is a Russian cosmonaut, selected in 2006.
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FG-46 The FG-46 (a.k.a. EPKM and SpaB-170) is a Chinese spin stabilized solid rocket motor burning HTPB. It was developed by China Hexi Chemical and Machinery Corporation (also known as the 6th Academy of CASIC) for use in the Long March 2E on GTO missions. It first flew as a prototype SPTS-M14 on July 16, 1990 on the Badr A mission. It had its first commercial mission orbiting the AsiaSat 2 on November 28, 1995 and exactly one month later, on December 28 its second and last mission for EchoStar 1.
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Mars Rafikov Mars Zakirovich Rafikov (Russian: Марс Закирович Рафиков , 29 September 1933 – 23 July 2000) was a Soviet cosmonaut who was dismissed from the Soviet space program for disciplinary reasons.
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Vladimir Shatalov Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov (Russian: Владимир Александрович Шаталов ; born December 8, 1927 in Petropavlovsk) is a former Soviet cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10.
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Valeriy Makrushin Valeriy Grigoryevich Makrushin (Макрушин, Валерий Григорьевич) (born 14 January 1940, died 2003) was a cosmonaut for the Soviet Union.
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Soviet crewed lunar programs The Soviet crewed lunar programs were a series of unsuccessful programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land a man on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program to achieve the same goal set publicly by President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961. The Soviet government publicly denied participating in such a competition, but secretly pursued two programs in the 1960s: crewed lunar flyby missions using Soyuz 7K-L1 (Zond) spacecraft launched with the Proton-K rocket, and a crewed lunar landing using Soyuz 7K-LOK and LK Lander spacecraft launched with the N1 rocket. Following the dual American successes of the first crewed lunar orbit on December 24–25, 1968 (Apollo 8) and the first Moon landing on July 20, 1969 (Apollo 11), and a series of catastrophic N1 failures, both Soviet programs were eventually brought to an end. The Proton-based Zond program was canceled in 1970, and the N1 / L3 program was terminated de facto in 1974 and officially canceled in 1976. Details of both Soviet programs were kept secret until 1990 when the government allowed them to be published under the policy of "glasnost".
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Igor Volk Igor Petrovich Volk (Russian: Игорь Петрович Волк ; Ukrainian: Ігор Петрович Волк ; 12 April 1937 – 3 January 2017) was a cosmonaut and test pilot in the Soviet Union.
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Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov (Russian: Александр Павлович Александров ; born February 20, 1943) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and twice Hero of the Soviet Union (November 23, 1983 and December 29, 1987).
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Anatoly Artsebarsky Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky (Ukrainian: Анатолій Павлович Арцебарський ) (Russian: Анатолий Павлович Арцебарский ; born 9 September 1956) is a former Soviet cosmonaut.
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Zhanna Yorkina Zhanna Dmitriyevna Yorkina (Russian: Жанна Дмитриевна Ёркина ; 6 May 1939-25 May 2015) was a Russian Soviet Cosmonaut.
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Qi Faren Qi Faren () is the chief designer for Chinese spacecraft since the launch of the prototype Shenzhou manned spacecraft in 1999. He was born in 1933 and graduated from the Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 1957. Qi took part in the research and design of the People's Republic of China's first satellite - the Dong Fang Hong I, which was successfully launched, and stayed in orbit, in 1970. He was then appointed the general designer of China's spacecraft in 1992, following the retirement of Tsien Hsue-Shen.