In which enclaved microstate did voters pass two referendums on 29 October 2013?
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Sammarinese referendum, 2014 Two referendums took place in San Marino on 25 May 2014. Voters were asked whether they approved of repealing laws on pensions reform and on medical practice, both of which were passed on 29 October 2013. Voters approved both proposals.
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San Marino San Marino ( ; ] ), officially the Republic of San Marino (Italian: "Repubblica di San Marino" ), also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Italian: "Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino" ), is an enclaved microstate surrounded by Italy, situated on the Italian Peninsula on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains. Its size is just over 61 sqkm , with a population of 33,562. Its capital is the City of San Marino and its largest city is Serravalle. San Marino has the smallest population of all the members of the Council of Europe.
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Valletta Valletta ( ; ] ) is the capital city of Malta, colloquially known as Il-Belt (] ; lit. "The City") in Maltese. Geographically, it is located in the South Eastern Region, in the central-eastern portion of the main island of Malta having its western coast with access to the Marsamxett Harbour and its eastern coast in the Grand Harbour. The historical city has a population of 6,444 (as of March 2014), while the metropolitan area around it has a population of 393,938. Valletta is the southernmost capital of Europe and the second southernmost capital of the European Union after Nicosia.
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2014 referendum There have been several referendums in 2014
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Latvian constitutional referendum, 2012 A constitutional referendum on the "Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia" was held on 18 February 2012. Proposed amendments included Articles 4, 18, 21, 101 and 104 of the Constitution of Latvia by adding the condition about Russian as the second official language, as well as prescribing two working languages — Latvian and Russian — for self-government institutions. The referendum's question was "Do you support the adoption of the Draft Law "Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia" that provides for the Russian language the status of the second official language?".
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Sint Eustatius status referendum, 2014 A status referendum was held in Sint Eustatius on 17 December 2014. Sint Eustatius had become a Dutch public body upon the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, despite this not being the status voted for, and so the 2014 referendum was supported as a way to resolve this. Although a majority of those voting opted for increased autonomy within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, voter turnout was well below the 60% required for the referendum to be binding.
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Abyei status referendum The Abyei status referendum is a delayed referendum that was originally due to be held in 2011 in which the residents of Abyei can decide either to remain part of the Sudanese South Kordofan region or to become part of the Bahr el Ghazal region of South Sudan.
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List of enclaves in Pennsylvania In political geography, an "enclave" is a piece of land "entirely" surrounded by the territory of another equivalent-level entity (and only that entity). An "exclave" is a piece of land that is "politically" connected to a larger piece but not physically conterminous with it because the territory of other equivalent-level entity or entities "entirely" surround it. Many entities are both enclaves and exclaves.
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Caymanian general election, 2017 General elections were held in the Cayman Islands on 24 May 2017. They were the first elections held after electoral reforms approved in a 2012 referendum, which introduced single member constituencies.
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Swiss referendums, 1989 Three referendums were held in Switzerland in 1989. The first was held on 4 June on a popular initiative "for nature-oriented farming—against animal factories", which was rejected by voters. The second and third were held on 26 November on popular initiatives "for a Switzerland without army and a comprehensive policy of peace" and on introducing 130 and 100 kilometres per hour speed limits, both of which were rejected.
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Crimean status referendum, 2014 A controversial referendum on the status of Crimea was held on March 16, 2014, by the legislature of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and by the local government of Sevastopol (both subdivisions of Ukraine). The referendum requested local populations whether they wanted to join Russia as a federal subject, or if they wanted to restore the 1992 Crimean constitution and Crimea's status as a part of Ukraine. As a result of the events of Euromaidan, the referendum was held directly after a Russian military takeover of Crimea. Because of this, the referendum's legitimacy has been heavily disputed by the international community.
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Overseas constituency An overseas constituency or overseas electoral district is any electoral district located outside of a nation-state's borders but which is recognized by the state's government as a district for the representation of its expatriate (and, technically, military) residents who live within the territory of another nation-state. Such constituencies are often organized in order to engage expatriate or diaspora voters who retain their citizenship.
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Crown dependencies The Crown dependencies are the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea, and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel. They are independently administered jurisdictions, and do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories. They are self-governing possessions of the Crown (defined uniquely in each jurisdiction). Internationally, the dependencies are considered "territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible", rather than sovereign states. As a result, they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. However, they do have relationships with the Commonwealth, the European Union, and other international organisations, and are members of the British–Irish Council. They have their own teams in the Commonwealth Games. They are not part of the European Union (EU), although they are within the EU's customs area.
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Liechtenstein referendums, 2000 Three referendums were held in Liechtenstein during 2000. The first was held on 27 February on amending the law promoting cheap living, and was rejected by 66.3% of voters. The second was held on 18 June on the law on gaining and losing citizenship of the country, and was approved by 50.1% of voters, a margin of just 15 votes. The third on 24 September concerned an agreement with neighbouring Switzerland on performance related tax on heavy load traffic, and was approved by 71% of voters.
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Ecuadorian tax haven referendum, 2017 A referendum on banning politicians and civil servants from having bank accounts or companies based in tax havens was held in Ecuador on 19 February 2017, alongside general elections. The proposal was approved by voters, giving officials one year to transfer their assets. If they do not, they will be removed from their posts.
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Italian advisory referendum, 1989 An advisory referendum on the European Economic Community was held in Italy on 18 June 1989, alongside European elections. The non-binding referendum was called by all main parties with a special law, because the Italian Constitution does not speak about this type of question. The Italian political spectrum wanted to re-affirm the popular support of Italy to the process of European integration, particularly giving to the European Parliament a popular, constitutional mandate in event of a future European Constitution.
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Bulgarian nuclear power referendum, 2013 A referendum on building a new nuclear power plant was held in Bulgaria on 27 January 2013. Whilst it was not explicitly mentioned in the question, it was widely acknowledged that the referendum was about restarting construction at the Belene Nuclear Power Plant.
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Lithuanian Soviet withdrawal referendum, 1992 A referendum on the withdrawal of Soviet troops was held in Lithuania on 14 June 1992. Voters were asked whether Soviet troops (which by the time of the referendum had become Russian troops) should unconditionally and immediately withdraw from the country. It was approved by 92.6% of those voting and 69.0% of all registered voters, passing the 50% threshold.
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United States Virgin Islands referendum, 1953 A referendum on councils and treasury was held in the United States Virgin Islands on 30 April 1953. It was largely a repetition of the questions from the 1948 referendum. The passage of all four questions in this referendum resulted in the 1954 Organic Act which governs relations with the United States of America to this day.
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Hamilton local elections and referendums, 2013 In the city of Hamilton, New Zealand, elections were held for the offices of Mayor of Hamilton and twelve members of the Hamilton City Council (HCC) on 12 October 2013. They were held as part of the New Zealand local elections, 2013. Referendums on city water fluoridation and to determine voting method for electing city councillors in the future were held simultaneously. Postal ballots were issued to 97,259 registered voters, and were returned from 23 September to 12 October 2013. Across the city, 37,276 people cast votes, a voter turnout of 38.33%. Some voters chose not to vote in particular elections or referendums, so voter turnout in individual elections varies from this figure.
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Mandera local elections, 2013 Local elections were held in Mandera County to elect a Governor and County Assembly on 4 March 2013. Under the new constitution, which was passed in a 2010 referendum, the 2013 general elections were the first in which Governors and members of the County Assemblies for the newly created counties were elected.
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Belarusian referendum, 2004 A referendum on allowing President Lukashenko to stand in further elections was held in Belarus on 17 October 2004, alongside parliamentary elections. Lukashenko was nearing the end of his constitutionally-limited two terms, and the change would allow him to run for a third term. The result was 88.9% in favour, with a turnout of 90.3%.