The "black spider" memos are letters and memos, to British government ministers and politicians over the years, written by Charles, Prince of Wales, the eldest child and heir apparent of who?
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Black spider memos The "black spider" memos are letters and memos written by Charles, Prince of Wales, to British government ministers and politicians over the years. As the modern British monarch remains politically neutral by tradition, the letters are controversial because of Prince of Wales' position as the eldest child of the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II and heir apparent to the British throne.
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Charles, Prince of Wales Charles, Prince of Wales (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is the eldest child and heir apparent of Queen Elizabeth II. Known alternatively in Cornwall as Duke of Cornwall and in Scotland as Duke of Rothesay, he is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history, having held the position since 1952. He is also the oldest person to be next in line to the throne since Sophia of Hanover (the heir presumptive to Queen Anne), who died in 1714 at the age of 83.
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Charles Powell, Baron Powell of Bayswater Charles David Powell, Baron Powell of Bayswater, (born 6 July 1941) is a diplomat, politician and businessman. He served as a key foreign policy adviser to British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher during the 1980s. His brother, Jonathan Powell, was chief of staff to Tony Blair throughout his period as Prime Minister from 1997 to 2007, and his father was Air Vice-Marshal John Frederick Powell.
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Prince William (disambiguation) Prince William (born 1982) is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and second in the line of succession to the British throne.
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Prince John of the United Kingdom Prince John of the United Kingdom (John Charles Francis; 12 July 1905 – 18 January 1919) was the fifth son and youngest of the six children born to King George V and his wife, Queen Mary. At the time of John's birth, his father was the Prince of Wales and heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom, Edward VII. In 1910, George succeeded to the throne upon Edward's death and John became the fifth in line of succession.
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Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg, Prince of Mirow (German: "Herzog Carl Ludwig Friedrich zu Mecklenburg, Prinz von Mirow" ; 23 February 1708 – 5 June 1752) was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and the father of Queen Charlotte of the United Kingdom and Queen of Hanover.
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Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal (1 December 1720 – 31 August 1786), was an English peer and politician. He was the son of Henry Charles Howard (c. 1668–1720) and Mary Aylward (c. 1670–1747). He married Catherine Brockholes (before 1724–1784), daughter of John Brockholes, on 8 November 1739. He succeeded to the title of Duke of Norfolk in 1777 after the death of Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk. Charles Howard, 10th Duke of Norfolk died on 31 August 1786 at age 65. He was succeeded by his son, Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk.
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Louis, Grand Dauphin Louis of France (1 November 1661 – 14 April 1711) was the eldest son and heir of Louis XIV, King of France, and his spouse, Maria Theresa of Spain. As the heir apparent to the French throne, he was styled Dauphin. He became known as Le Grand Dauphin after the birth of his own son, "Le Petit Dauphin". As he died before his father, he never became king.
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Prince Michael of Kent Prince Michael of Kent, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (Michael George Charles Franklin; born 4 July 1942) is a paternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, being a grandson of King George V and Queen Mary. He is 45th in the line of succession to the British throne. Prince Michael occasionally represents the Queen at some functions in Commonwealth realms outside the United Kingdom. Otherwise, he manages his own consultancy business and undertakes various commercial work around the world. He has also presented some television documentaries on the royal families of Europe. He is named after Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, the younger brother of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and a first cousin of three of Michael's grandparents.
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Albert Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer Albert Edward John Spencer, 7th Earl Spencer {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} , (23 May 1892 – 9 June 1975), styled The Honourable Albert Spencer until 1910 and as Viscount Althorp from 1910 to 1922, and known less formally as "Jack" Spencer, was a British peer. He was the paternal grandfather of Diana Spencer, who was just under 14 years old at the time of his death. Diana would go on to marry Charles, Prince of Wales, heir to the British throne, six years later.
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David Davies (Welsh politician) David Thomas Charles Davies (born 27 July 1970) is a British Conservative Party politician. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Monmouth in South Wales.
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David Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife David Charles Carnegie, 4th Duke of Fife (born 3 March 1961, Marylebone, London), is a British peer. He is the only son of the late James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife, and his former wife Caroline Dewar. He was styled Earl of Macduff until 1992, and then Earl of Southesk until succeeding his father on 22 June 2015 as the fourth Duke of Fife. As a great-great-grandson of Edward VII, he is in the line of succession to the British throne. He is also the second cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II.
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James Ogilvy James Robert Bruce Ogilvy (born 29 February 1964) is the elder child and only son of Sir Angus Ogilvy and Princess Alexandra.
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Lady Helen Taylor Lady Helen Marina Lucy Taylor (née Windsor; born 28 April 1964) is a daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and his wife Katharine, Duchess of Kent, and a great-granddaughter of King George V. She is a first cousin once removed of Elizabeth II. She is currently 40th in line of succession to the British Throne.
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Princess Irene of the Netherlands Princess Irene of the Netherlands (Irene Emma Elisabeth; born 5 August 1939) is the second child of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Irene was first in the public eye when her family fled the Nazi invasion of the Netherlands during World War II, traveling first to Britain and later to Canada. In 1964, her decision to convert to Roman Catholicism and to marry the eldest son and heir of one of the pretenders to the Spanish throne caused a crisis in both the Dutch royal family and government, bringing her into the world spotlight once again. An activist for disarmament, she is also well known for her work with nature.
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William, Prince of Orange William, Prince of Orange (Willem Nicolaas Alexander Frederik Karel Hendrik; 4 September 1840 – 11 June 1879), was heir apparent to the Dutch throne as the eldest son of King William III from 17 March 1849 until his death.
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Peter Phillips Peter Mark Andrew Phillips (born 15 November 1977) is the elder child and only son of Anne, Princess Royal, and her first husband, Captain Mark Phillips. He is the eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. After graduating from university in 2000, he worked for Jaguar followed by WilliamsF1. In 2003, while working for WilliamsF1 in Canada, he met Autumn Kelly, whom he married in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle in 2008. For many years Phillips has worked in the sports sponsorship and management fields. He is currently 13th in line of succession to the British throne.
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John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer Edward John "Johnnie" Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer, (24 January 1924 – 29 March 1992), styled Viscount Althorp until June 1975, was a British peer and the father of Diana, Princess of Wales.
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Charles Eric Stroud Professor Sir (Charles) Eric Stroud (15 May 1924 – 29 Dec 2005) was a Welsh-born British paediatrician and Professor of Child Health, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry.
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Charles Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer Charles Edward Maurice Spencer, 9th Earl Spencer, (born 20 May 1964), styled Viscount Althorp between 1975 and 1992, is a British nobleman, peer, author, print journalist, and broadcaster, and was the younger brother of Diana, Princess of Wales. Through his sister, Spencer is the maternal uncle of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Prince Harry.
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Tiggy Legge-Bourke Alexandra Shân "Tiggy" Legge-Bourke MVO (born 1 April 1965) was nanny, later companion, to Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and his brother Prince Harry, and a personal assistant to Charles, Prince of Wales between 1993 and 1999. Since her marriage she has been known as Tiggy Pettifer.
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Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (Frederick Christian Charles Augustus; 22 January 1831 – 28 October 1917) was a minor Danish-born German prince who became a member of the British Royal Family through his marriage to Princess Helena of the United Kingdom (25 May 1846 – 9 June 1923), the fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.