The St. Riquier Gospels was given to Angilbert by a man that was Emperor of the Romans beginning in what year?
02daeb2a0a7b3271ff1275432ceccf2c
St. Riquier Gospels The St. Riquier Gospels is an illuminated Gospel Book made during the Carolingian Renaissance. It was given to Angilbert, abbot of the monastery of Saint Riquier at Centula by Charlemagne. It is a member of the Ada group of manuscripts, which includes the Ada Gospels.
de639040d40055cd5cf60b3caf4d0e48
Charlemagne Charlemagne ( ) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.
13478b4bd5328d0298894ad00026108e
Gratian the Elder Gratian the Elder ( ; Latin: "Gratianus Funarius" ; "Gratianus Major", "Gratian the Elder") was an Illyrian soldier of the Roman Empire who flourished in the 4th century. He was the father of Roman Emperors, Valentinian I and Valens, founders of the Valentinianic Dynasty.
a11aee42a75c80855bac833f393ee3e9
Gaius Julius Vercondaridubnus Gaius Julius Vercondaridubnus ("fl." 1st century BCE) was a Gaul of the "civitas" of the Aedui. He was the first high priest ("sacerdos") of the Altar of the Deified Caesar at Lugdunum (modern Lyon, France), which was inaugurated August 1 in either 12 or 10 BCE at the confluence of the Saône and Rhone rivers. The dating of the inauguration to 12 would connect it to the year in which Augustus assumed the office of pontifex maximus.
6b45050ae0c43d08ed461a4ad297e7e6
Flavian dynasty The Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 AD and 96 AD, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69–79), and his two sons Titus (79–81) and Domitian (81–96). The Flavians rose to power during the civil war of 69, known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After Galba and Otho died in quick succession, Vitellius became emperor in mid 69. His claim to the throne was quickly challenged by legions stationed in the Eastern provinces, who declared their commander Vespasian emperor in his place. The Second Battle of Bedriacum tilted the balance decisively in favour of the Flavian forces, who entered Rome on December 20. The following day, the Roman Senate officially declared Vespasian emperor of the Roman Empire, thus commencing the Flavian dynasty. Although the dynasty proved to be short-lived, several significant historic, economic and military events took place during their reign.
74ff96e158186dce80ceb2b07db82a59
Titus Titus (Latin: "Titus Flāvius Caesar Vespasiānus Augustus" ; 30 December 39 AD – 13 September 81 AD) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death, thus becoming the first Roman emperor to come to the throne after his own biological father.
b47be0ed38f83e7e5b2493052848525b
Jovian (emperor) Jovian (Latin: "Flavius Iovianus Augustus" ; 331 – 17 February 364) was Roman Emperor from 363 to 364. Upon the death of emperor Julian the Apostate during his campaign against the Sassanid Empire, Jovian was hastily declared emperor by his soldiers. He sought peace with the Persians on humiliating terms and reestablished Christianity as the state church. His reign lasted only eight months.
6ed080e45b95b507c181a8a7fa35db4e
Constitutio Romana The Constitutio Romana (or “Roman Constitution”) was drawn up between King Lothair I of Italy (818–55), co-emperor with his father, Louis the Pious, since 817, and Pope Eugene II (824–27) and confirmed on 11 November 824. At the time the election of Eugene was being challenged by Zinzinnus, the candidate of the Roman populace. Eugene agreed to several concessions to imperial power in central Italy in return for receiving the military and juridical support of Lothair. The "Constitutio" was divided into nine articles. It introduced the earliest known Papal Oath, which the Pope-elect was to give to an imperial legate before receiving consecration. It also restored the custom established by Pope Stephen III in 769 whereby both the laity and clergy of Rome would participate in Papal elections.
612ad2e9d270e70a4d00332e7f26145d
Pope Innocent II Pope Innocent II (Latin: "Innocentius II" ; died 23 September 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was Pope from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election was controversial and the first eight years of his reign were marked by a struggle for recognition against the supporters of Antipope Anacletus II. He reached an understanding with Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor who supported him against Anacletus and whom he crowned King of the Romans. Innocent went on to preside over the Second Lateran council.
3dc49b0593da107b49b485a98064a12e
Severus of Barcelona Severus of Barcelona (Catalan: "Sant Sever" , Spanish: "San Severo" ) is venerated as a saint by the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. His legend states that he was a bishop of Barcelona and was martyred during the persecution of Christians by Diocletian in AD 304. Details concerning his life and death are uncertain and of questionable historicity, and his "Acta" actually date from around the sixth century.
957b568d0aaf91da6f69b007e7a2745e
Jerome Jerome ( ; Latin: "Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus" ; Greek: Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος ; c. 27 March 347 – 30 September 420) was a priest, confessor, theologian and historian. He was born at Stridon, a village near Emona on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia . He is best known for his translation of most of the Bible into Latin (the translation that became known as the Vulgate), and his commentaries on the Gospels. His list of writings is extensive.
736688f4b296dcda6d841a64eb5d19e0
Maurice (emperor) Maurice (Latin: "Flavius Mauricius Tiberius Augustus" ; Greek: Φλάβιος Μαυρίκιος Τιβέριος Αὔγουστος ) (539 – 27 November 602) was Eastern Roman Emperor from 582 to 602.
97206e4c8edada7c92d3f9f25b90a600
Augustalis (bishop) Augustalis ("fl." 5th century) was the first bishop of Toulon, according to some authorities. He was appointed in 441. He attended the Council of Orange that year, and the Council of Vaison the following. He is associated with the "civitas" of Arles (ancient Arelate) by the "Martyrologium Hieronymianum", which honors him on September 7. He is also named by the "Martyrologium romanum" on that day, with his location noted as "in Gallia". An Augustalis, most likely this man, appears among a group of bishops addressed by Pope Leo I in letters dated 22 August 449 and 5 May 450, the latter of which addresses issues of jurisdiction between Arles and Vienne.
d40526dbe5cbf95349276a20e62b9608
Carus Carus (Latin: "Marcus Aurelius Carus Augustus" ; c. 222 – July or August 283) was Roman Emperor from 282 to 283, and was 60 at ascension. During his short reign, Carus fought the Germanic tribes and Sarmatians along the Danube frontier with success. He brought stability in the empire and died in 283 aged 61.
1604eb4f92748ab5ed8dc560315b3007
Florianus Florianus (Latin: "Marcus Annius Florianus Augustus" ; died 276), also known as Florian, was Roman Emperor for a few months in 276.
5daaea7f566a001ed43204350c8f5c94
Magnus Maximus Magnus Maximus (Latin: "Flavius Magnus Maximus Augustus" , Welsh: "Macsen Wledig" ) (c. 335 August 28, 388) was Western Roman Emperor from 383 to 388.
0623a2787b4fdb052e39394ce0737922
Aemilianus Aemilianus (Latin: "Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus Augustus" ; c. 207/213 – 253), also known as Aemilian, was Roman Emperor for three months in 253.
7b936501596826310204363f786bf90a
Theodosius I Theodosius I (Latin: "Flavius Theodosius Augustus" ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was Roman Emperor from AD 379 to AD 395. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire. On accepting his elevation, he campaigned against Goths and other barbarians who had invaded the empire. He failed to kill, expel, or entirely subjugate them, and after the Gothic War, they established a homeland south of the Danube, in Illyricum, within the empire's borders. He fought two destructive civil wars, in which he defeated the usurpers Magnus Maximus and Eugenius at great cost to the power of the empire.
5b37eb30df87cec432028ea8ac128890
Tacitus Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus ( ; ] ;  56 AD –  120 AD ) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works—the "Annals" and the "Histories"—examine the reigns of the Roman emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD). These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus, in 14 AD, to the years of the First Jewish–Roman War, in 70 AD. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including a gap in the "Annals" that is four books long.
c5b7c137345a02f9b60db85ac4ad982d
Claudius Gothicus Claudius II (Latin: "Marcus Aurelius Valerius Claudius Augustus" ; May 10, 210 – January 270), commonly known as Claudius Gothicus, was Roman emperor from 268 to 270. During his reign he fought successfully against the Alemanni and scored a victory against the Goths at the Battle of Naissus. He died after succumbing to the Plague of Cyprian that ravaged the provinces of the Empire.
874a2588779d2947d47a5ac65c9ae4bd
Novellae Constitutiones The Novellae Constitutiones ("new constitutions"; Latin: "Novellæ constitutiones" , Greek: Νεαραί διατάξεις ), or Justinian's Novels, are now considered one of the four major units of Roman law initiated by Roman Emperor Justinian I in the course of his long reign (AD 527–565). The other three pieces are: the "Codex Justinianus", the "Digest", and the "Institutes". Justinian's quaestor Tribonian was primarily responsible for compiling these last three. Together, the four parts are known as the "Corpus Juris Civilis". Whereas the Code, Digest, and Institutes were designed by Justinian as coherent works, the Novels are diverse laws enacted after 534 (when he promulgated the second edition of the Code) that never were officially compiled during his reign.
58ea005d552eef0009598328c8e282f7
Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire The persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire began late during the reign of Constantine the Great, when he ordered the pillaging and the tearing down of some temples. The first anti-pagan laws by the Christian state started with Constantine's son Constantius II, who was an opponent of paganism; he ordered the closing of all pagan temples, forbade pagan sacrifices under pain of death, and removed the traditional Altar of Victory from the Senate. Under his reign ordinary Christians began to vandalise pagan temples, tombs and monuments. This persecution had proceeded after a period of persecution of Christians in the Empire.