What is the name of the Armenian militant organization who bombed a check-in counter of the national carrier airline of Turkey in 1983?
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1983 Orly Airport attack The Orly Airport attack was the 15 July 1983 bombing of a Turkish Airlines check-in counter at Orly Airport in Paris, France, by the Armenian militant organization ASALA as part of its campaign for the recognition of and reparations for the Armenian Genocide.
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Turkish Airlines Turkish Airlines (Turkish: "Türk Hava Yolları") () is the national flag carrier airline of Turkey, headquartered at the Turkish Airlines General Management Building on the grounds of Atatürk Airport in Yeşilköy, Bakırköy, Istanbul. s of 2017 , it operates scheduled services to 302 destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, making it the fourth-largest carrier in the world by number of destinations. It serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in Europe. Turkish Airlines flies to 120 countries, more than any other airline. With an operational fleet of fourteen cargo aircraft, the airline's cargo division serves 64 destinations. Istanbul Atatürk Airport is its main base, and there are secondary hubs at Esenboğa International Airport, Sabiha Gökçen International Airport, and Adnan Menderes Airport. Turkish Airlines has been a member of the Star Alliance network since 1 April 2008.
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Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front The Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front (Turkish: "Devrimci Halk Kurtuluş Partisi-Cephesi" or DHKP-C) is a Turkish Marxist–Leninist party. It was founded in 1978 as Revolutionary Left (Turkish: "Devrimci Sol" or "Dev Sol" ), and was renamed in 1994 after factional infighting. Due to their violent activities, they are classified as a terrorist group by Turkey, the United States, and the European Union.
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Bologna massacre The Bologna massacre (Italian: "strage di Bologna" ) was a terrorist bombing of the Central Station at Bologna, Italy, on the morning of 2 August 1980, which killed 85 people and wounded more than 200. The attack was carried out by the neo-fascist terrorist organization "Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari" (Armed Revolutionary Groups), which always denied any involvement; other theories have been proposed, especially in correlation with the strategy of tension. The bombing is the fourth deadliest terrestrial terrorist attack in Western Europe behind the Nice attack in July 2016, the Paris attacks in November 2015, and the Madrid train bombings in March 2004.
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Flying Broom The Flying Broom (Turkish: "Uçan Süpürge" ) is a feminist organization in Turkey. Founded 1996 in Ankara, the organization aims to raise consciousness for gender equality while providing information and training to empower women.
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Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit (Turkish: "Marksist Leninist Silahlı Propaganda Birliği" , abbreviated as MLSPB), known fully as People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist Armed Propaganda Unit (THKP-C/MLSPB) is a Marxist–Leninist organization from Turkey. The group is a split from the People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey. The group was among the founding members of the Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement, formed in March 2016, with the Kurdistan Workers' Party and 7 other Marxist–Leninist organizations.
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Armenian Revolutionary Army The Armenian Revolutionary Army (ARA) (in Armenian Հայ Յեղափոխական Բանակ (ՀՅԲ) - pronounced Hay Heghabokhakan Banak) was an Armenian militant organization that attacked at least 7 times resulting in at least 6 fatalities and 8 injuries. The group took responsibility for the gunning down of Turkish Embassy attache Dursun Aksoy in Brussels (1983), an attack on Turkish embassy in Lisbon (1983), and the attack on the Turkish Embassy in Ottawa (1985).
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Bombing of Lebanon (June 1981) On 17 June 1981, Israeli warplanes began bombarding a number of Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) targets across Lebanon, mostly in Beirut and in the south of the country. This was in response to several Palestinian rocket attacks on northern Israel during the Lebanese Civil War.
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1980 Turkish coup d'état The 12 September 1980 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: "12 Eylül Darbesi" ), headed by Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren, was the third coup d'état in the history of the Republic, the previous having been the 1960 coup and the 1971 "Coup by Memorandum". The 1970s in Turkey were marked by right-wing/left-wing armed conflicts, in the context of the Cold War. To create a pretext for a decisive intervention, the Turkish military allowed these conflicts to escalate; some say they actively adopted a strategy of tension. The violence abruptly stopped afterwards, and the coup was welcomed by some for restoring order. In total, 50 people were executed, 500,000 were arrested and hundreds died in prison.
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Esenboğa International Airport Ankara Esenboğa Airport (IATA: ESB, ICAO: LTAC) (Turkish: "Ankara Esenboğa Havalimanı" ), is the international airport of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. It has been operating since 1955. In 2014, the airport has served more than 11 million passengers in total, 4.9 million of which were domestic passengers. It ranked 4th in terms of total passenger traffic (after Ataturk Airport, Antalya Airport and Sabiha Gökçen Airport), 3rd in terms of domestic passenger traffic (after Ataturk Airport and Sabiha Gökçen Airport) among airports in Turkey.
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Iparretarrak Iparretarrak (meaning ""the Northerners"" in Basque), commonly known as IK, was a Basque nationalist paramilitary organization operating in the Northern Basque Country, founded in 1973 by Philippe Bidart and other Basque activists. To date, 1982 remains as their most active year, with 32 attacks; despite having mostly targeted tourist developments, it has also assassinated a number of French police personnel. In 1984, they attacked the Biarritz airport before the arrival of the French president François Mitterrand, who was accused by IK of "not respecting the Basque culture and national rights".
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French Armenian Legion The Armenian Legion (French: "Légion arménienne" ) was a foreign legion unit within the French Army active during and just after World War I which fought against the Ottoman Empire. The original name of the legion was ""La Légion d'Orient"" (The Eastern Legion). It was renamed ""La Légion Arménienne"" (The Armenian Legion) on February 1, 1919. The soldiers in this legion were referred to informally among Armenians as "Gamavor" (Volunteer).
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Serhildan Serhildan designate several Kurdish public rebellions since the 1990s with the slogan ""Êdî Bese"" ("Enough") against Turkey. The protestors use mainly stones, concrete paving stones, Molotov cocktails, slingshots and other materials as throwing objects and since the end of November 2009 also skyrockets. Local shops are often closed on the day of demonstrations, as a form of protest.
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Assassination of Galip Balkar Galip Balkar, Turkish ambassador to Yugoslavia, was assassinated on 9 March 1983 in downtown Belgrade, capital of Yugoslavia. He died two days later as a consequence. The responsibility for the attack was taken by the Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG), an Armenian militant group.
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Kurdistan Freedom Hawks The Kurdistan Freedom Hawks or TAK (Kurdish: "Teyrêbazên Azadiya Kurdistan"‎ ), is a Kurdish nationalist militant group in Turkey seeking an independent Kurdish state in eastern and southeastern Turkey. The group also opposes the Turkish government’s policies towards its ethnic Kurdish citizens.
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Artin Penik Artin Penik (1921 – August 15, 1982) was a Turkish-Armenian who committed suicide by self-immolation in protest of the Esenboga airport attack by the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA, also known as Third October) on August 10, 1982.
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Reyhanlı bombings The Reyhanlı bombings took place on 11 May 2013, when two car bombs exploded in the town of Reyhanlı, a town of 64,000 people, 5 km from the Syrian border and the busiest land border post with Syria, in Hatay Province, Turkey. At least 51 people were killed and 140 injured in the attack.
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Monte Melkonian Monte Melkonian (classical Armenian: Մոնթէ Մելքոնեան ; reformed: Մոնթե Մելքոնյան; November 25, 1957 – June 12, 1993) was an Armenian left-wing nationalist militant, revolutionary, and commander. He was the leader of an offshoot of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) in the 1980s and the most celebrated commander during the Nagorno-Karabakh War in the early 1990s.
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Armenian Americans Armenian Americans (Armenian: ամերիկահայեր , "amerikahayer") are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or partial Armenian ancestry. They form the second largest community in the Armenian diaspora after Armenians in Russia. The first major wave of Armenian immigration to the United States took place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Thousands of Armenians settled in the United States following the Hamidian massacres of the mid-1890s and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 in the Ottoman Empire. Since the 1950s many Armenians from the Middle East (especially from Lebanon, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Egypt and Turkey) migrated to America as a result of political instability in this region. At around the same time immigration from the Soviet Union began. It accelerated in the late 1980s and has continued after the dissolution of the U.S.S.R. in 1991 due to socio-economic and political reasons.
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Tseghakronism Tseghakronism (Armenian: Ցեղակրոնություն translit. "Tseghakronutyun ") is a national/ethnic and political movement towards a renewal of the spiritual, behavioral and cultural identity of the Armenian people.
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Turkish Airlines Flight 158 Turkish Airlines Flight 158 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Istanbul Yeşilköy Airport to Ankara Esenboğa Airport, Turkey. On 16 January 1983, the aircraft operating the flight, a Boeing 727-200, landed about 50 m short of the runway at its destination airport in driving snow, broke up and caught fire. Of the 67 occupants on board, 47 perished.
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People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey People's Liberation Party-Front of Turkey (Turkish: "Türkiye Halk Kurtuluş Partisi-Cephesi" , THKP-C), founded by Münir Ramazan Aktolga, Yusuf Küpeli and Mahir Çayan in December 1970. Party (THKP) is political wing and Front (THKC) is armed wing of the organization.