Who was the only reporter present when the visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement was assassinated?
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Earl Caldwell (journalist) Earl Caldwell (born c. 1935) is an American journalist. He documented the Black Panthers from the inside in the 1970s, and became embroiled in a key U.S. Supreme Court decision clarifying reporters' rights. The case started when the FBI tried to press Caldwell to be an informant against the Black Panther Party. He worked for "The New York Times", "New York Daily News", "The New York Amsterdam News" and is currently on the radio in New York City. His career as a journalist spans more than four decades. He witnessed and chronicled some of the most important civil rights events from the 1960s onwards and was the only reporter present when Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. Caldwell is a founding member of the steering committee of the Maynard Institute for Journalism Education, as well as the Washington-based Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press. In 2009 he was inducted into the National Association of Black Journalists Hall of Fame.
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Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr., January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using the tactics of nonviolence and civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs and inspired by the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi.
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Margaret Dixon Margaret Richardson Dixon, usually known as Maggie Dixon (February 27, 1908 – June 21, 1970), was perhaps the most influential woman journalist of 20th century Louisiana. She was the managing editor of her state's capital city newspaper, the "Baton Rouge Morning Advocate", from 1949 until her death some two decades later. She was also an active Democrat who championed prison reform, assistance to the mentally ill, and organized labor. She once addressed a Louisiana AFL-CIO convention at the invitation of president Victor V. Bussie of Baton Rouge.
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Jerry Wurf Jerome "Jerry" Wurf (May 18, 1919 – December 10, 1981) was a U.S. labor leader and president of the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) from 1964 to 1981. Wurf was a friend of Martin Luther King Jr., and was arrested multiple times for his activism, notably during the Memphis Sanitation Strike and was released just in time to hear Martin Luther King Jr's 'I've Been to the Mountaintop' oratory at the strike, assassination the next day, and attend his funeral.
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Robert Charles riots The Robert Charles riots of July 24-27, 1900 in New Orleans, Louisiana were sparked after African American laborer Robert Charles fatally shot a white police officer and escaped arrest. A large manhunt for him ensued, and a white mob started rioting, attacking blacks throughout the city. The manhunt for Charles began after an altercation involving Charles, his roommate, and several New Orleans police officers on Monday, July 23, 1900, and ended when Charles was killed on Friday, July 27. A total of 28 people were killed in the riots, including Charles, shot by a special police volunteer. Other white men in the mob shot hundreds of bullets into his body and beat him beyond recognition. More than 50 people were wounded in the riots, including at least 11 who had to be hospitalized. Blacks made up most of the fatalities and casualties.
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Bettye Lane Bettye Lane (September 19, 1930, Boston – September 19, 2012, Manhattan) was an American photojournalist known for documenting major events within the Feminist Movement, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Gay Rights Movement in the United States. She joined CBS Television in 1960, and from 1962–1964 she was with the "Saturday Evening Post". Her work has been published in "The National Observer", "Time", "Life", and the Associated Press.
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr, had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement.
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Ralph Abernathy Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was a leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a minister, and a close friend of Martin Luther King Jr.. In 1955, he collaborated with King to create the Montgomery Improvement Association, which led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. In 1957, Abernathy co-founded, and was an executive board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Following the assassination of King, Abernathy became president of the SCLC. As president of the SCLC, he led the Poor People's Campaign in Washington, D.C. during 1968. Abernathy also served as an advisory committee member of the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE). He later returned to the ministry, and in 1989 — the year before his death — Abernathy wrote, "And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: An Autobiography", a controversial autobiography about his and King's involvement in the Civil Rights Movement.
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Lem Johns Thomas Lemuel "Lem" Johns (December 11, 1925 – May 10, 2014) was a member of the United States Secret Service present during the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the first inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson.
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Malvin Russell Goode Malvin (Mal) Russell Goode (February 13, 1908 – September 12, 1995) was an African-American television journalist and news correspondent.
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Bill Hunter (journalist) William Bradley "Bill" Hunter (November 2, 1928 - April 23, 1964) was an American crime reporter for the Long Beach, California "Independent Press-Telegram". Hunter's 16-page special on the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the shooting of Lee Harvey Oswald by Jack Ruby, "Three Days in Dallas", was awarded the 1964 "spot news reporting" award of the California Newspaper Publishers Association's "Better Newspaper Contest". A native of Wichita Falls, Texas, Hunter had previously worked as a court reporter there for five years before becoming a crime reporter. On March 22, 1964, Hunter wrote a story for the "Press-Telegram" saying that Oswald had "assuredly" killed Kennedy.
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Evelyn Cunningham Evelyn Cunningham (January 25, 1916 – April 28, 2010) was an American journalist and aide to Nelson Rockefeller. Cunningham covered the early civil rights movement and was a reporter and editor for the "Pittsburgh Courier". She and the paper's staff were awarded the George Polk Award in 1998 for their coverage.
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George E. Curry George Edward Curry (February 23, 1947 – August 20, 2016) was an American journalist. Considered the "dean of black press columnists", Curry's weekly commentaries enjoyed wide syndication. He died of heart failure on August 20, 2016.
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Laura Adorkor Kofi Laura Adorkor Kofi (died 8 March 1928), called Mother Kofi, was a Ghanaian minister and activist associated with the Universal Negro Improvement Association. She was assassinated while preaching in Miami, Florida.
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Richard Aoki Richard Masato Aoki ( or ; 20 November 1938 – 15 March 2009) was an American educator and college counselor, best known as a civil rights activist and early member of the Black Panther Party. He joined the early Black Panther Party and was eventually promoted to the position of Field Marshal. Although there were several Asian Americans in the Black Panther Party, Aoki was the only one to have a formal leadership position. Following Aoki's death, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's records on him were obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, showing that, over a period of 15 years, he had been an informant for the government on the activities of the San Francisco area dissident movement.
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Mark Clark (activist) Mark Clark (June 28, 1947 – December 4, 1969) was an American activist and member of the Black Panther Party. He was killed with Fred Hampton during a Chicago police predawn raid on December 4, 1969.
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Randolph Blackwell Randolph T. Blackwell (born March 10, 1927 in Greensboro, North Carolina, died May 21, 1981) was a veteran of the Civil Rights Movement, serving in Martin Luther King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference, amongst other organizations. Coretta Scott King described him as an "unsung giant" of nonviolent social change.
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Ollie Stewart Ollie Stewart (May 18, 1906 – 1977) was one of many black journalists credentialed by the War Department to report of the war in Africa and Europe during World War II. He was the first black journalist to be credentialed by the War Department. Reporting from overseas he wrote hundreds of personal accounts of his observations of the war through the eyes of the black soldier. He wrote for the African American, the largest black newspaper in America.
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Fay Bellamy Powell Fay D. Bellamy Powell (May 1, 1938 – January 5, 2013) was an African-American civil rights activist.
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Claude Sitton Claude Fox Sitton (December 4, 1925 – March 10, 2015) was an American newspaper reporter and editor. He worked for "The New York Times" during the 1950s and 1960s, known for his coverage of the civil rights movement. He went on to become national news director of the "Times" and then editor of "The News & Observer" in Raleigh, North Carolina.
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Oswald Garrison Villard Oswald Garrison Villard (March 13, 1872 – October 1, 1949) was an American journalist and editor of the "New York Evening Post." He was a civil rights activist, a founding member of the NAACP. In 1913 he wrote to President Woodrow Wilson to protest his administration's racial segregation of federal offices in Washington, DC, a change from previous integrated conditions.
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Mary Moorman Mary Ann Moorman (born (1932--) 5, 1932 ) was a witness to the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. She is best known for her photograph capturing the presidential limousine a fraction of a second after the fatal shot.