What ocean is home of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain and Kure Atoll?
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Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a mostly undersea mountain range in the Pacific Ocean that reaches above sea level in Hawaii. It is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts: together they form a vast underwater mountain region of islands and intervening seamounts, atolls, shallows, banks and reefs along a line trending southeast to northwest beneath the northern Pacific Ocean. The seamount chain, containing over 80 identified undersea volcanoes, stretches over 5800 km from the Aleutian Trench in the far northwest Pacific to the Loʻihi seamount, the youngest volcano in the chain, which lies about 35 km southeast of the Island of Hawaiʻi.
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Kure Atoll Kure Atoll (呉ヶ島 , Kure-gashima ) ( ; Hawaiian: "Mokupāpapa" ) or Ocean Island is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean 48 nmi beyond Midway Atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands at . The only land of significant size is called Green Island and is habitat for hundreds of thousands of seabirds. A short, unused and unmaintained runway and a portion of one building, both from a former United States Coast Guard LORAN station, are located on the island. Politically it is part of Hawaii, although separated from the rest of the state by Midway, which is a separate unorganized territory.
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Honolulu Volcanic Series The Honolulu volcanic series is a set of monogenetic volcanic events on the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The events, which have been dated to between 800,000 and 30,000 years before the present, created several notable island features, including Diamond Head, the Punchbowl Crater, Hanauma Bay, Mānana Island and the youngest, Koko Crater. Most people don't consider those craters as volcanoes. They are thought to be extinct vents of the Ko'olau Range.
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Line Islands The Line Islands, Teraina Islands or Equatorial Islands, is a chain of atolls (with partially or fully enclosed lagoons) and coral islands (with a surrounding reef). Kingman Reef is a largely submerged and Filippo Reef is shown on some maps, although its existence is doubted. The islands were formed by volcanic activity and are located in the central Pacific Ocean, south of the Hawaiian Islands. The 11 islands stretch for 2,350 km in a northwest–southeast direction, making it one of the longest island chains of the world. Eight of the islands form part of Kiribati, while the remaining three are United States territories grouped with the United States Minor Outlying Islands. Only Kiritimati and Tabuaeran atolls and Teraina Island have a permanent population.
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Hawaiian tropical rainforests The Hawaiian tropical rainforests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands. They cover an area of 6700 km2 in the windward lowlands and montane regions of the islands. Coastal mesic forests are found at elevations from sea level to 300 m . Mixed mesic forests occur at elevations of 750 to , while wet forests are found from 1250 to . Moist bogs and shrublands exist on montane plateaus and depressions. For the 28 million years of existence of the Hawaiian Islands, they have been isolated from the rest of the world by vast stretches of the Pacific Ocean, and this isolation has resulted in the evolution of an incredible diversity of endemic species, including fungi, mosses, snails, birds, and other wildlife. In the lush, moist forests high in the mountains, trees are draped with vines, orchids, ferns, and mosses. This ecoregion includes one of the world's wettest places, the slopes of Mount Waiʻ aleʻ ale, which average 460 in of rainfall per year.
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Sea of Hyūga The Hyuga-nada Sea (日向灘 , Hyūga-nada ) is the part of the Pacific Ocean that lies off the eastern shore of the island of Kyushu, to the south-west of the island of Honshu, off the south coast of Japan. Its name is derived from the former province of Hyūga, which corresponded to the prefecture of Miyazaki before the Meiji Restoration.
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Darwin Rise The Darwin Rise is broad triangular region in the north central Pacific Ocean where there is a concentration of atolls.
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Likiep Atoll Likiep Atoll (Marshallese: Likiep , ) is a coral atoll of 65 islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district of the Ratak Chain of the Marshall Islands. It is approximately 55 km northwest of Wotje. Its total land area is only 10.26 km2 , but that encloses a deep central lagoon of 424 km2 . Likiep Atoll also possesses the Marshall Islands' highest point, an unnamed knoll 10 m above sea level. The population of Likiep Atoll was 482 in 1998.
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Louisville hotspot The Louisville hotspot is a volcanic hotspot responsible for the volcanic activity that has formed the Louisville Ridge in the southern Pacific Ocean.
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Bigej Island Bigej or Begej (Marshallese: "Pikeej ", ) Island is part of Kwajalein Atoll in the Ralik Chain in the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), 2,100 nautical miles (3900 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii.
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Wuvulu Island Wuvulu Island (also known as Mary Island, Matty, Maty Island, Tiger Island, Tiger-Inseln and Wuwulu) is part of the Western Islands of the Bismarck Archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean, part of Manus Province, Papua New Guinea. It is the westernmost island of the thirteen island groups that make up island chain in the archipelago. It is an island of volcanic origin encircled by a coral reef with a maximum height of three meters (10 feet) above sea level.
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Emperor of China (volcano) Emperor of China is a submarine volcano in the western part of the Banda Sea, Indonesia. This volcano is part of a chain with Nieuwerkerk volcano, known scientifically as the "Emperor of China–Nieuwkerk" (NEC) ridge, the depth of which is ranging from 3,100–2,700 metres (10,170–8,858 ft).
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List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain List of volcanoes in the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain
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Buell Seamount The Buell Seamount is a seamount in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the New England Seamounts, which was active more than 100 million years ago. It was formed when the North American Plate moved over the New England hotspot.
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Eastern Gemini Seamount The Eastern Gemini Seamount, also known as Oscostar, is a seamount in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Vanuatu's Tanna and Matthew Islands. The only recorded eruption from Eastern Gemini was observed by a passing ship on February 18, 1996 when bursts of very dark water were observed.
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Corner Rise Seamounts The Corner Rise Seamounts are a chain of extinct submarine volcanoes in the northern Atlantic Ocean east of the New England Seamounts. Both it and the New England Seamounts were formed by the Great Meteor hotspot. It is the shallowest seamount in New England, with some of its nineteen highest peaks only 800–900 m deep.
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9 North 9 North, or Nine North, is a region of hydrothermal vents on the East Pacific Rise in the Pacific Ocean, 900 kilometers off the coast of Acapulco, Mexico; it has been so named by scientists because its latitude is 9°50' N. It was first seen to erupt in 1991 by the deep submersible "Alvin" during a survey for the Ocean Drilling Program. In November 1999, scientists, students, education specialists, and film crews returned to 9 North to see how the biology and landscape had changed over time. IMAX, National Geographic, and BBC film crews have made videos about the vents at 9 North, most noticeably "Volcanoes of the Deep Sea".
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Hawaii hotspot The Hawaii hotspot is a volcanic hotspot located near the namesake Hawaiian Islands, in the northern Pacific Ocean. One of the most well-known and heavily studied hotspots in the world, the Hawaii plume is responsible for the creation of the Hawaiian – Emperor seamount chain, a chain of volcanoes over 5,800 kilometres (3,600 mi) long. Four of these volcanoes are active, two are dormant, and more than 123 are extinct, many having since been ground beneath the waves by erosion as seamounts and atolls. The chain extends from south of the island of Hawaiʻ i to the edge of the Aleutian Trench, near the eastern edge of Russia. While most volcanoes are created by geological activity at tectonic plate boundaries, the Hawaii hotspot is located far from plate boundaries. The classic hotspot theory, first proposed in 1963 by John Tuzo Wilson, proposes that a single, fixed mantle plume builds volcanoes that then, cut off from their source by the movement of the Pacific Plate, become increasingly inactive and eventually erode below sea level over millions of years. According to this theory, the nearly 60° bend where the Emperor and Hawaiian segments of the chain meet was caused by a sudden shift in the movement of the Pacific Plate. In 2003, fresh investigations of this irregularity led to the proposal of a mobile hotspot theory, suggesting that hotspots are mobile, not fixed, and that the 47-million-year-old bend was caused by a shift in the hotspot's motion rather than the plate's.
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Faraulep Faraulep Atoll is a coral atoll of three islands in the central Caroline Islands in the Pacific Ocean, and forms a legislative district in Yap State in the Federated States of Micronesia.
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Caryn Seamount The Caryn Seamount is a seamount in the Atlantic Ocean. It is an independent seamount located southwest of the New England Seamounts, which was active more than 100 million years ago.
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Union Seamount The Union Seamount is a seamount located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
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Tuvalu Tuvalu ( or ), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia, lying east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands (belonging to the Solomons), southeast of Nauru, south of Kiribati, west of Tokelau, northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna and north of Fiji. It comprises three reef islands and six true atolls spread out between the latitude of 5° to 10° south and longitude of 176° to 180°, west of the International Date Line. Tuvalu has a population of 10,640 (2012 census). Situated in Oceania, the total land area of the islands of Tuvalu is 26 km2 .