Which University of Cambridge Nobel Prize-winning English physiologist and biophysicist earned the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963?
27908d6e47119e605d47840658edbcea
Sliding filament theory The sliding filament theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction based on muscle proteins that slide past each other to generate movement. It was independently introduced in 1954 by two research teams, one consisting of Andrew F. Huxley and Rolf Niedergerke from the University of Cambridge, and the other consisting of Hugh Huxley and Jean Hanson from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was originally conceived by Hugh Huxley in 1953. Andrew Huxley and Niedergerke introduced it as a "very attractive" hypothesis.
39da6105fd57be96807351e3bc9ef31a
Andrew Huxley Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (22 November 191730 May 2012) was a Nobel Prize-winning English physiologist and biophysicist. He was born into the prominent Huxley family. After graduating from Westminster School in Central London, from where he won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, he joined Alan Lloyd Hodgkin to study nerve impulses. Their eventual discovery of the basis for propagation of nerve impulses (called an action potential) earned them the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963. They made their discovery from the giant axon of the Atlantic squid. Soon after the outbreak of the Second World War, Huxley was recruited by the British Anti-Aircraft Command and later transferred to the Admiralty. After the war he resumed research at The University of Cambridge, where he developed interference microscopy that would be suitable for studying muscle fibres.
13ac9442bc879b793631f8e65d067cb6
Tyson Medal The Tyson Medal is a prize awarded for the best performance in subjects relating to astronomy at the University of Cambridge, England. It is awarded annually for achievement in the examinations for Part III of the Mathematical Tripos when there is a candidate deserving of the prize. In his will, Henry Tyson made the following bequest:
d480837c9626ae71d548bc53c1c658e7
Cavendish Professor of Physics The Cavendish Professorship is one of the senior faculty positions in physics at the University of Cambridge. It was founded on 9 February 1871 alongside the famous Cavendish Laboratory, which was completed three years later. William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire endowed both the professorship and laboratory in honor of his relative, chemist and physicist Henry Cavendish.
b5bf1dc3c9081f540afb0daeedc6db00
Dillwyn Williams Sir Edward Dillwyn Williams FRCP, FRCPath, FMedSci (born 1 April 1929) is a British medical scientist and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales.
88863b98c4da02d04eaee6eaf8c5c32a
John Tooke Sir John Edward Tooke, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 4 March 1949) is the Head of the School of Life & Medical Sciences at University College, London. He was formerly worked at the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry where he was the Inaugural Dean, and of the Peninsula Medical School which was its first constituent. He was President of the Academy of Medical Sciences from 2011 to 2015.
c816e8e2004092e8aa6cf4e65a3fbe73
Maurice Henry Pappworth Maurice Henry Pappworth (9 January 1910 – 12 October 1994) was a pioneering British medical ethicist and tutor, best known for his 1967 book "Human Guinea Pigs", which exposed the unethical dimensions of medical research. Born and educated in Liverpool, Pappworth graduated as a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in 1932 from Liverpool University. After working in a series of junior medical positions, his applications for more senior posts were rejected because of his Jewish parentage. In the Second World War he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps. Having been unsuccessful in achieving a post in any well known London hospital after the war, he set up in London as an independent medical consultant and tutor.
aea5a7f1f23a7e021f282cabf8e1d075
Stephen Kuffler Stephen William Kuffler {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'ForMemRS', '4': "} (August 24 Tap, Hungary, 1913 – October 11, 1980) was a pre-eminent Hungarian-American neurophysiologist. He is often referred to as the "Father of Modern Neuroscience". Kuffler, alongside noted Nobel Laureates Sir John Eccles and Sir Bernard Katz gave research lectures at the University of Sydney, strongly influencing its intellectual environment while working at Sydney Hospital. He founded the Harvard Neurobiology department in 1966, and made numerous seminal contributions to our understanding of vision, neural coding, and the neural implementation of behavior. He is known for his research on neuromuscular junctions in frogs, presynaptic inhibition, and the neurotransmitter GABA. In 1972, he was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University.
2ed9d10cc7cab86aed5aaa937ade6149
Sir William Dunn Professor of Biochemistry The Sir William Dunn Professorship of Biochemistry is the senior professorship in biochemistry at the University of Cambridge. The position was established in 1914 by the trustees of the will of Sir William Dunn, banker, merchant and philanthropist.
5f848169e7658ec3db2eeca6cd247667
Peter Maxwell Daniel Peter Maxwell Daniel FRCP FRCS FRCPath FRCPsych FLS FIBiol (14 November 1910 – 19 November 1998) was a British medical doctor, who specialised in neuropathology. He was president of the History of Medicine Society at The Royal Society of Medicine, London between 1979 and 1981.
e9e89bd5b773ef7d66bb1d097fd84570
G. I. Taylor Professor of Fluid Mechanics The G. I. Taylor Professorship of Fluid Mechanics is a professorship in fluid mechanics at the University of Cambridge. It was founded in 1992 and named in honor of G. I. Taylor.
87e6e5b2399c2362ee2bca6b86b35e2e
Edgar Adrian Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian (30 November 1889 – 4 August 1977) was an English electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons. He provided experimental evidence for the all-or-none law of nerves.
4d89b0e6dc16e660531f2a5db8e0436d
Andrew Crawford (neuroscientist) Andrew Charles Crawford (born 1949) {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} is a British neuroscientist. He is a Professor at the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience of the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity College.
c112df172162040ebebcc3008caf024b
Quick Professor of Biology The Quick Professorship of Biology is one of the senior professorships in biology at the University of Cambridge.
0bda851d3e57fd852e8b3bb3382e4998
Walter Rudolf Hess Walter Rudolf Hess (March 17, 1881 – August 12, 1973) was a Swiss physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for mapping the areas of the brain involved in the control of internal organs. He shared the prize with Egas Moniz.
6ff21684e0290b5a5e7c2d16072fb198
Regius Professor of Medicine (Oxford) The Regius Professor of Medicine is an appointment held at the University of Oxford. The chair was founded by Henry VIII of England by 1546, and until the 20th century the title was Regius Professor of Physic. Henry VIII established five Regius Professorships in the University, the others being the Regius chairs of Divinity, Civil Law, Hebrew and Greek.
f4b5fe5adca2fae10f1a0fa2780a76dd
Peter Higgs Peter Ware Higgs (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh, and Nobel Prize laureate for his work on the mass of subatomic particles.
d44596d26076ac19483d611aebbc3363
Lawrence Joseph Henderson Lawrence Joseph Henderson (June 3, 1878, Lynn, Massachusetts – February 10, 1942, Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a physiologist, chemist, biologist, philosopher, and sociologist. He became one of the leading biochemists of the early 20th century. His work contributed to the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation, used to calculate pH as a measure of acidity.
c2782f7b41e40bbe8f622388c9090ac4
Atkinson Morley Hospital Atkinson Morley Hospital (AMH) was located at Copse Hill, Wimbledon, London, SW20, England from 1869 until 2003. The hospital was noted as one of the most advanced brain surgery centres in the world, and in particular for the first use of computed tomography (CT) on a human being on October 1, 1971 by Godfrey Hounsfield for which he was awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
5fe7a066b89be7d6543ecdb49c858614
Trevor Robbins Trevor William Robbins CBE FRS FMedSci is a Professor of Cognitive neuroscience and Head of the Department of Psychology at the University of Cambridge. Robbins has an international reputation in the fields of cognitive neuroscience, behavioural neuroscience and psychopharmacology.
762f327f49377f75ffcf95584e8cbc5e
Herchel Smith Professor of Pure Mathematics The Herchel Smith Professorship of Pure Mathematics is a professorship in pure mathematics at the University of Cambridge. It was established in 2004 by a benefaction from Herchel Smith "of £14.315m, to be divided into five equal parts, to support the full endowment of five Professorships in the fields of Pure Mathematics, Physics, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Molecular Genetics." When the position was advertised in 2004, the salary offered was £52,936 (or greater), being the minimum professorial stipend, and the first holder was expected to focus on mathematical analysis.
2c611c838c0bed5c37fc5a6005f768ea
Physics in Medicine and Biology Physics in Medicine & Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed medical journal covering research on the application of physics to medicine, physiology, and biology. It was established in 1956 and is published by IOP Publishing on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. It is also an official journal of the following medical societies: Canadian Organization of Medical Physics, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Medizinische Physik, Japanese Association of Radiological Physics, European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics, and the International Organization for Medical Physics. The editor-in-chief is Simon Cherry (University of California, Davis).