Bender "Ben" Johnson Jr. was the chairman of the Makah during the first successful hunt of Eschrichtius robustus which is commonly known as what?
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Ben Johnson (chairman) Bender "Ben" Johnson Jr. (May 22, 1939 - March 31, 2014) was an American Makah politician and fisheries expert. He served as the chairman and member of the Makah Tribal Council from 1998 until 2000 and from 2001 until 2007. He was chairman of the Makah during the first successful hunt of a Pacific gray whale in 1999. The 1999 hunt, which took a 30-ton 30 1/2-foot female gray whale, was the first harvest of a whale by the Makah since the 1920s. Johnson supported the hunt, which drew worldwide attention and controversy.
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Gray whale The gray whale ("Eschrichtius robustus"), also known as the grey whale, gray back whale, Pacific gray whale, or California gray whale is a baleen whale that migrates between feeding and breeding grounds yearly. It reaches a length of 14.9 m , a weight of 36 t , and lives between 55 and 70 years. The common name of the whale comes from the gray patches and white mottling on its dark skin. Gray whales were once called devil fish because of their fighting behavior when hunted. The gray whale is the sole living species in the genus Eschrichtius, which in turn is the sole living genus in the family Eschrichtiidae. This mammal descended from filter-feeding whales that appeared at the beginning of the Oligocene, over 30 million years ago.
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Northern pike The northern pike ("Esox lucius"), known simply as a pike in Britain, Ireland, most of Canada, and most parts of the United States (once called luce when fully grown; also called jackfish or simply "northern" in the U.S. Upper Midwest and in Manitoba), is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus "Esox" (the pikes). They are typical of brackish and fresh waters of the Northern Hemisphere ("i.e." holarctic in distribution).
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Pack hunter A pack hunter or social predator is a predator belonging to the animal kingdom which has evolved to hunt its prey by working together with other members of its species. Normally animals hunting in this way are closely related, and with the exceptions of humans and chimpanzees where only males normally hunt, all individuals in a family group will contribute to hunting. The most commonly known pack hunter is the gray wolf, the closest wild relative of all breeds of domesticated dog. Humans and their closest-living relatives chimpanzees are also pack hunters. Other pack hunting mammals include dolphins, lions, dwarf and banded mongooses and spotted hyenas. A number of avian social predators exist, including the Harris's hawk, butcherbirds, three of four kookaburra species and many helmetshrikes. There are a few cold-blooded pack hunters including simple arthropods such as army ants, the yellow saddle goatfish and occasionally crocodiles.
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Mononykus Mononykus ( , sometimes ; meaning "one claw") was a theropod dinosaur from late Cretaceous Mongolia (Nemegt Formation, about 70 million years ago) with long, skinny legs. It moved about on two legs, was likely very nimble and could run at high speeds, something that would have been useful in the open flood plains where it lived. It had a small skull, and its teeth were small and pointed, suggesting that it ate insects and small animals, such as lizards and mammals. Its large eyes might have allowed "Mononykus" to hunt by night, when it was cooler and there would have been fewer predators about. "Mononykus" was originally named "Mononychus" in 1993, but later that year, it was renamed because the original name had already been used for a beetle named by Johann Schueppel, a German entomologist.
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Steller's sea ape Steller's sea ape ("Simnia marina danica") is an unconfirmed marine animal described only from a single sighting by explorer Georg Wilhelm Steller, on August 10, 1741, in waters off the Shumagin Islands, Alaska. This is the only animal described by Steller that has not been corroborated by physical evidence, or other witnesses.
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Crabeater seal The crabeater seal ("Lobodon carcinophaga") is a true seal with a circumpolar distribution around the coast of Antarctica. They are medium- to large-sized (over 2 m in length), relatively slender and pale-colored, found primarily on the free-floating pack ice that extends seasonally out from the Antarctic coast, which they use as a platform for resting, mating, social aggregation and accessing their prey. They are by far the most abundant seal species in the world. While population estimates are uncertain, there are at least 7 million and possibly as many as 75 million individuals. This success of this species is due to its specialized predation on the abundant Antarctic krill of the Southern Ocean, for which it has uniquely adapted, sieve-like tooth structure. Indeed, its scientific name, translated as "lobe-toothed ("lobodon") crab eater ("carcinophagus")", refers specifically to the finely lobed teeth adapted to filtering their small crustacean prey. Despite its name, crabeater seals do not eat crabs. As well as being an important krill predator, the crabeater seal is an important component of the diet of leopard seals ("Hydrurga leptonyx"), which consume about 80% of all crabeater pups.
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Panthera onca hernandesii Panthera onca hernandesii was proposed as a subspecies of jaguar, native to Mexico and the United States, before later research failed to find evidence for it. In 1939, due to lack of evidence, Reginald Innes Pocock accepted that other proposed subspecies, "Panthera onca arizonensis", "Panthera onca centralis", "Panthera onca goldmani", and "Panthera onca veraecrucis", were the same subspecies as "Panthera onca hernandesii". Therefore, the taxonomic name "Panthera onca hernandesii" referred to a geographic group, if not subspecies, of jaguars, from the United States and Mexico in the north, Central America in the middle, and Colombia in the south.
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Aardwolf The aardwolf ("Proteles cristata") is a small, insectivorous mammal, native to East and Southern Africa. Its name means "earth wolf" in Afrikaans and Dutch. It is also called "maanhaar jackal" (Afrikaans for "mane jackal") or "civet hyena", based on its habit of secreting substances from its anal gland, a characteristic shared with the civet. The aardwolf is in the same family as the hyena. Unlike many of its relatives in the order Carnivora, the aardwolf does not hunt large animals. It eats insects, mainly termites – one aardwolf can eat about 250,000 termites during a single night, using its long, sticky tongue to capture them. The aardwolf lives in the shrublands of eastern and southern Africa – open lands covered with stunted trees and shrubs. It is nocturnal, resting in burrows during the day and emerging at night to seek food. Its diet consists mainly of termites and insect larvae.
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Pika A pika ( ; archaically spelled pica) is a small mammal, with short limbs, very round body, rounded ears, and no external tail. They resemble their close cousin the rabbit, but with shorter ears. They live in mountainous countries in Asia, with two species also in North America. Most pikas prefer rocky slopes. The large-eared pika of the Himalayas and nearby mountains is one of the highest living mammals, found at heights of more than 6000 m . Pikas graze on a range of plants, mostly grasses, flowers and young stems. In the autumn, they pull hay, soft twigs and other stores of food into their burrows to eat during the long, cold winter. The name "pika" is used for any member of the Ochotonidae, a family within the order of lagomorphs, which also includes the Leporidae (rabbits and hares). One genus, Ochotona, is recognised within the family, and it includes 30 species. It is also known as the "whistling hare" due to its high-pitched alarm call when diving into its burrow. In the United States, the pika is colloquially called a "coney", a nonspecific term also used for rabbits, hares, and hyraxes. The name "pika" appears to be derived from the Tungus "piika" and the scientific name "Ochotona" is from the Mongolian word "ogdoi" which means pika.
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Opah Opahs (also commonly known as moonfish, sunfish (not to be confused with Molidae), kingfish, redfin ocean pan, and Jerusalem haddock) are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic lampriform fishes comprising the small family Lampridae (also spelled Lamprididae). Only two living species occur in a single genus: "Lampris" (from the Greek "lamprid-", "brilliant" or "clear"). One species is found in tropical to temperate waters of most oceans, while the other is limited to a circumglobal distribution in the Southern Ocean, with the 34°S as its northern limit. Two additional species, one in the genus "Lampris" and the other in the monotypic "Megalampris", are only known from fossil remains. The extinct family, Turkmenidae, from the Paleogene of Central Asia, is closely related, though much smaller.
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Jack Dempsey (fish) The Jack Dempsey ("Rocio octofasciata") is a species of cichlid that is widely distributed across North and Central America (from Mexico south to Honduras). Its common name refers to its aggressive nature and strong facial features, likened to that of the famous 1920s boxer Jack Dempsey.
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Gaur The gaur ( , "Bos gaurus"), also called Indian bison, is the largest extant bovine, native to the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List since 1986. Population decline in parts of its range is likely to be more than 70% during the last three generations. However, population trends are stable in well-protected areas, and are rebuilding in a few areas which previously had been neglected.
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Black caiman The black caiman ("Melanosuchus niger") is a large crocodilian and, along with the American alligator, is one of the biggest extant members of the family Alligatoridae and order Crocodilia. It is a carnivorous reptile that lives along slow-moving rivers, lakes, seasonally flooded savannas of the Amazon basin, and in other freshwater habitats of South America. It is a quite large species, growing to sizes of at least 5 m and possibly up to 6 m in length, which make it the biggest reptile in the Neotropical ecozone. As their name implies, the black caiman has a dark coloration, as an adult. In some individuals the dark coloration can appear almost black. However, they have grey to brown banding on the lower jaw. Juveniles have a more vibrant coloration compared to adults with prominent white to pale yellow banding on the flanks that remains present well into adulthood, at least more when compared to other species. The morphology is quite different from other caimans but the bony ridge that occurs in other caimans is present. The head is large and heavy; an advantage in catching larger prey.
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Imbabala The imbabala or Cape bushbuck is a widespread species of antelope in Sub-Saharan Africa. Formerly, two species were recognized under the generic name "bushbuck"; the kéwel ("Tragelaphus scriptus") and the imbabala ("Tragelaphus sylvaticus"). Both species are more closely related to other members of the tragelaphine family than to each other (the imbabala to the bongo and the sitatunga, and the kéwel to the nyala). Imbabala are found in rain forests, montane forests, forest-savanna mosaics, and bush savanna forest and woodland.
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Tiliqua gigas Tiliqua gigas (Indonesian blue-tongued skink) is a close relative of the Eastern blue-tongued lizard. They are endemic to the island of New Guinea and other various surrounding islands. They are found typically in the rainforest, and in captivity, require high humidity. As opposed to "Tiliqua scincoides", they are fairly lean. They're also accompanied by long tails (60–90% of their SVL). There are currently three subspecies of "Tiliqua gigas". First subspecies to be recognized is "Tiliqua gigas gigas" (Schneider, 1801), in which are simply called the Indonesian blue-tongued skink. The second subspecies is "Tiliqua gigas keyensis" (Oudemans, 1894), typically called the Kei island blue-tongued skink. Lastly, there is "Tiliqua gigas evanescens", which is called the Merauke blue-tongued skink.
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Enmegahbowh Enmegahbowh (c. 1820 – June 12, 1902; from Enami'egaabaw, meaning "He that prays [for his people while] standing"; also known as John Johnson) was the first Native American to be ordained a priest in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America.
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Homo sapiens Homo sapiens (Latin: "wise man") is the binomial nomenclature (also known as the scientific name) for the only extant human species. "Homo" is the human genus, which also includes Neanderthals and many other extinct species of hominin; "H. sapiens" is the only surviving species of the genus "Homo". Modern humans are the subspecies "Homo sapiens sapiens", which differentiates them from what has been argued to be their direct ancestor, "Homo sapiens idaltu".
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Weber's sailfin lizard Weber's sailfin lizard (Hydrosaurus weberi), is an agamid lizard found in Indonesia. Specifically, it is endemic to Halmahera and Ternate Islands of Maluku. It has a life-span of between 10–15 years. "H. weberi" is the smallest of the three recognized species of "Hydrosaurus", attaining an avg. total length between 2–3 ft. Some argue that full species status ("H.weberi") may be invalid and claim this agamid should be classified a subspecies of the larger "H. pustulatus", Philippine Sailfin; for the purpose of this literature, "H."weberi"" shall remain a distinct animal. The third species, "H. amboinensis", Indonesian Sailfin is the largest of the group. Although much research is still needed, it is known that this lizard is primarily omnivorous; devouring whatever animal it can overpower plus consuming a variety vegetation and fruit. In captivity, juveniles are usually maintained on a 60% insect / 40% vegetation diet. Adults, 75% vegetation / 25% insects etc.
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W. Ben Hunt Walter Bernard "Ben" Hunt (March 13, 1888 – March 30, 1970) was an American artist, outdoor educator and author whose books and articles covered topics such as Native American arts and performance, woodworking, whittling, scoutcraft, pioneering, jewelry making, metalworking, and calligraphy.
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Brownback trevally The brownback trevally, "Carangoides praeustus" (also known as the brown-backed trevally), is a species of small inshore marine fish classified in the jack family, Carangidae. The brownback trevally is distributed in two populations through the tropical waters of the Indo-west Pacific region, ranging from the Persian Gulf east to India, South East Asia and the Indonesian islands. The species is distinguished from similar species by its completely scaled breast and black-tipped second dorsal fin, and is known to reach a maximum length of 25 cm. The brownback trevally inhabits inshore waters including bays and estuaries, where it preys on demersal crustaceans and small fish. Other aspects of its biology are poorly known, and it is of minor importance to fisheries, occasionally caught by hook and line or trawls. William Smith-Vaniz has recently suggested the two distinct populations may actually represent two distinct species.
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The Hunters (1957 film) The Hunters is a 1957 ethnographic film that documents the efforts of four !Kung men (also known as Ju/'hoansi or Bushmen) to hunt a giraffe in the Kalahari Desert of Namibia. The footage was shot by John Marshall during a Smithsonian-Harvard Peabody sponsored expedition in 1952–53. In addition to the giraffe hunt, the film shows other aspects of !Kung life at that time, including family relationships, socializing and storytelling, and the hard work of gathering plant foods and hunting for small game.