Which Pope made an agreement in 1513 with a king called the Catholic?
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Treaty of Mechlin (1513) The Treaty of Mechlin (1513) (also known as the "Treaty of Malines") was an agreement between Henry VIII, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Pope Leo X to form an alliance against France. The treaty was the first of a series of treaties (the others being the Treaties of London of 1516 and 1518 and the Treaty of Cambrai of 1517) which attempted to unite the main European powers by building a holy league in order to establish a "respublica christiana".
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Ferdinand II of Aragon Ferdinand II (Aragonese: "Ferrando" , Spanish: "Fernando II" , Catalan: "Ferran" ) (10 March 1452 – 23 January 1516), called the Catholic, was King of Sicily from 1468 and King of Aragon from 1479 until his death. As a consequence of his marriage to Isabella I, he was King of Castile as Ferdinand V from 1474 until her death in 1504. He was recognised as regent of Castile for his daughter and heir, Joanna, from 1508 until his own death. In 1504, after a war with France, he became King of Naples as Ferdinand III, reuniting Naples with Sicily permanently and for the first time since 1458. In 1512, he became King of Navarre by conquest.
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Gabriele de' Gabrielli Gabriele de' Gabrielli (1445–1511) (called the Cardinal of Urbino) was an Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal.
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Treaty of Christmemel The Treaty of Christmemel (Lithuanian: "Skirsnemunės sutartis" ) was a treaty signed on 19 June 1431 between Paul von Rusdorf, Grand Master the Teutonic Knights, and Švitrigaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania. Švitrigaila was preparing for a war with Poland to defend his claim to the Lithuanian throne and sought allies. The treaty established an anti-Polish alliance and prompted the Knights to invade the Kingdom of Poland, starting the Polish–Teutonic War (1431–35). Lithuania also surrendered Palanga and three miles of the coastline on the Baltic Sea, thus modifying the Treaty of Melno of 1422.
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Tripartitum The Tripartitum or "The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts" (Latin: "Tripartitum opus iuris consuetudinarii inclyti regni Hungariae" ) is a law book completed in 1514 by István Werbőczy on the corpus of the customary law of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. The Tripartitum did not include the so-called written law (parliamentarian laws, royal decrees and statutes of free royal cities), which were always recorded in the law books after the decisions.
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Cardinals created by Julius II Pope Julius II (r. 1503–1513) created 27 cardinals in 6 consistories.
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Treaty of Frankfurt (1539) The Treaty of Frankfurt (also spelled Treaty of Frankfort), also known as the Truce of Frankfurt, was a formal agreement of peace between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Protestants on 19 April 1539. The parties met at Frankfurt-on-the-Main, and the Lutherans were represented by Philip Melancthon. The treaty stated that the emperor would not take any violent actions against the Protestants, who had formed an alliance known as the Schmalkaldic League, for fifteen months starting 1 May; during this time both parties could try and resolve the differences in their confessions. As a result of this peace, the Schmalkaldic League lost the protection of France.
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Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye The Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was a treaty signed on 5 August 1570 at the royal Château of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, ending the third of the French Wars of Religion. It was primarily negotiated by the Protestant queen of Navarre, Jeanne d'Albret.
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Gospel According to the Mark of Silver The Gospel According to the Mark of Silver is a work from the "Carmina Burana" later used to satirise Pope Leo X (1513-1521), who was famous for his profligate spending of church money. While Leo was also criticized by ecclesiastical officials after his death, the "Gospel" was a product of the Goliard movement.
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Peace of Augsburg The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (the predecessor of Ferdinand I) and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christendom permanent within the Holy Roman Empire, allowing rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official confession of their state. Calvinism was not allowed until the Peace of Westphalia.
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Secret Treaty of Dover The Treaty of Dover, also known as the Secret Treaty of Dover, was a treaty between England and France signed at Dover on 1 June 1670. It required that Charles II of England would convert to the Roman Catholic Church and assist Louis XIV with 60 warships to help and 4000 soldiers in France's war of conquest against the Dutch Republic. In exchange, Charles would secretly receive a yearly pension of £230,000, as well as an extra sum of money when Charles informed the English people of his conversion, and France would send 6,000 French troops if there was ever a rebellion against Charles in England. The secret treaty was signed by Arlington, Arundell, Clifford and Bellings for England and Colbert de Croissy for France. Both kings exchanged letters of ratification and kept secret the existence of the treaty, A public treaty of Dover was also negotiated, but it was a fake designed for propaganda and to hide the religious dimension of the secret treaty. The Third Anglo-Dutch War was a direct consequence of this treaty. The actual treaty was published by historians a century later.
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Truce of Adrianople (1547) The Truce of Adrianople in 1547, named after the Ottoman city of Adrianople (present-day Edirne), was signed between Charles V and Suleiman the Magnificent. Through this treaty, Ferdinand I of Austria and Charles V recognized total Ottoman control of Hungary, and even agreed to pay to the Ottomans a yearly tribute of 30,000 gold florins for their Habsburg possessions in northern and western Hungary. The Treaty followed important Ottoman victories in Hungary, such as the Siege of Esztergom (1543).
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Gregorian Reform The Gregorian Reforms were a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, c. 1050–80, which dealt with the moral integrity and independence of the clergy. The reforms are considered to be named after Pope Gregory VII (1073–85), though he personally denied it and claimed his reforms, like his regnal name, honoured Pope Gregory I.
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John III of Navarre John III (French: "Jean d'Albret" ; 1469 – 14 June 1516) was "jure uxoris" King of Navarre from 1484 until his death, as husband and co-ruler with Queen Catherine.
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Joanna of Castile Joanna (6 November 1479 – 12 April 1555), called the Mad (Spanish: "Juana la Loca" ), was queen of Castile from 1504 and of Aragon from 1516. From the union of these two crowns modern Spain evolved. Joanna married Philip the Handsome on 20 October 1496. Philip was crowned King of Castile in 1506, initiating the rule of the Habsburgs in Spain. After Philip's death that same year, Joanna was deemed mentally ill and was confined to a nunnery for the rest of her life. Though she remained the legal queen of Castile throughout this time, her father, Ferdinand II of Aragon, was regent until his death, when she inherited his kingdom as well. From 1516, her son, Charles I, ruled as king, while she nominally remained co-monarch.
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Alfonso Petrucci Alfonso Petrucci (c. 1490 – July 16, 1517) was an Italian nobleman, born to the Petrucci Family. He was the son of Pandolfo Petrucci. In 1511, he was made a cardinal, which gave the Petrucci dynasty some influence with the church.
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Pacta conventa Pacta conventa (Latin for "articles of agreement") was a contractual agreement, from 1573 to 1764 entered into between the "Polish nation" (i.e., the szlachta (nobility) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) and a newly elected king upon his "free election" ("wolna elekcja") to the throne.
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Treaty of Viterbo The Treaty of Viterbo (or the Treaties of Viterbo) was a pair of agreements made by Charles I of Sicily with Baldwin II of Constantinople and William II Villehardouin, Prince of Achaea, on 24 and 27 May 1267, which transferred much of the rights to the defunct Latin Empire from Baldwin to Charles.
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Charles de Bourbon (cardinal) Charles de Bourbon (22 September 1523 – 9 May 1590) was a French cardinal. The Catholic League considered him the rightful King of France after the death of Henry III of France in 1589.
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Treaty of Ulm (1620) The Treaty of Ulm (German: "Ulmer Vertrag" ) was signed on 3 July 1620 between representatives of the Catholic League and the Protestant Union. Based on the terms of the accord, the Protestant Union declared neutrality and ceased its support of Frederick V of Bohemia.
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Diet of Speyer (1544) The Fourth Imperial Diet of Speyer, also referred to as the Diet of 1544, was a Diet of the Holy Roman Empire, called together on February 20, 1544 by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles called the meeting because he wanted to fight a war against France, which he acknowledged required the support of the Lutheran princes, many of them members of the Schmalkaldic League. He received their support by granting them concessions and almost completely abandoning his Catholic position, disregarding the wishes of Pope Paul III. It was decided at this meeting that no formal action should be taken against the Lutherans until a free council met.
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Pope Gregory I and Judaism Pope Gregory I (c.540-604), also known as "Gregory the Great", was influential in the formation of Catholic doctrine in relation to the Jews. He was responsible for a notable Papal Bull which spoke of a requirement for Christians to protect and defend the Jewish people, which became official doctrine. He publicly disapproved of the compulsory baptism of Jews, and insisted on their right to liberty of action, both in civil affairs and in their worship.