What is the Twelve Level Cap in regards to Confucianism?
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Twelve Level Cap and Rank System The Twelve Level Cap and Rank System (冠位十二階 , Kan'i Jūnikai ) , established in 603, was the first of what would be several similar cap and rank systems established during the Asuka period of Japanese history. It was adapted from similar systems that were already in place in Sui dynasty China, Paekche and Koguryŏ. The officials wore silk caps that were decorated with gold and silver, and a feather that indicated the official's rank. The ranks in the twelve level cap and rank system consisted of the greater and the lesser of each of the six Confucian virtues: virtue (徳 , toku ) , benevolence (仁 , jin ) , propriety (礼 , rei ) , sincerity (信 , shin ) , justice (義 , gi ) and knowledge (智 , chi ) .
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Confucianism Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life. Confucianism developed from what was later called the Hundred Schools of Thought from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 BCE), who considered himself a retransmitter of the values of the Zhou dynasty golden age of several centuries before. In the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), Confucian approaches edged out the "proto-Taoist" Huang-Lao, as the official ideology while the emperors mixed both with the realist techniques of Legalism. The disintegration of the Han political order in the second century CE opened the way for the doctrines of Buddhism and Neo-Taoism, which offered spiritual explanations lacking in Confucianism.
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Twelve Philosophers The Twelve Philosophers or Wise Ones (Chinese: 十二哲 , "Shí'èr Zhé") are 12 eminent philosophers in the Chinese Confucian tradition. They are traditionally accounted a kind of sainthood and their spirit tablets are prominently placed in Confucian temples, six upon the east and six upon the west side of the Hall of the Great Completion ("Dacheng Dian").
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Character class In role-playing games (RPG), a common method of arbitrating the capabilities of different game characters is to assign each one to a character class. A character class aggregates several abilities and aptitudes, and may also detail aspects of background and social standing, or impose behavior restrictions. Classes may be considered to represent archetypes, or specific careers. RPG systems that employ character classes often subdivide them into levels of accomplishment, to be attained by players during the course of the game. It is common for a character to remain in the same class for its lifetime; although some games allow characters to change class, or attain multiple classes. Some systems eschew the use of classes and levels entirely; others hybridise them with skill-based systems or emulate them with character templates.
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Ministry of Rites The Ministry or Board of Rites was one of the Six Ministries of government in late imperial China. It existed from the Tang (7th century) until the 1911 Xinhai Revolution. Along with religious rituals and court ceremonial, the Ministry of Rites also oversaw the imperial examination and China's foreign relations.
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Adept An adept is an individual identified as having attained a specific level of knowledge, skill, or aptitude in doctrines relevant to a particular author or organization.
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Prince Su Prince Su of the First Rank (Manchu: ᡩᠣᡵᠣᠨ<br>ᡶᠠᡶᡠᠩᡤᡠ<br>ᠴᡳᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ; "hošoi fafunggu cin wang"), or simply Prince Su, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). It was also one of the 12 "iron-cap" princely peerages in the Qing dynasty, which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded.
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Tang poetry Tang poetry (: "Táng shī" ) refers to poetry written in or around the time of or in the characteristic style of China's Tang dynasty, (June 18, 618 - June 4, 907, including the 690-705 reign of Wu Zetian) and/or follows a certain style, often considered as the Golden Age of Chinese poetry. The "Quantangshi" includes over 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 authors. During the Tang dynasty, poetry continued to be an important part of social life at all levels of society. Scholars were required to master poetry for the civil service exams, but the art was theoretically available to everyone. This led to a large record of poetry and poets, a partial record of which survives today. Two of the most famous poets of the period were Li Bai and Du Fu. Tang poetry has had an ongoing influence on world literature and modern and quasi-modern poetry.
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Fengjian Fēngjiàn (封建) was a political ideology developed from Confucian and "Legalist" philosophers during the latter part of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China, its social structure forming a decentralized system of government based on four occupations, or "four categories of the people." The Zhou kings enfeoffed their fellow warriors and relatives, creating large domains of land. The Fengjian system they created allocated a region or piece of land to an individual, establishing him as the ruler of that region. These eventually rebelled against the Zhou Kings, and developed into their own kingdoms, thus ending the centralized rule of the Zhou dynasty. As a result, Chinese history from the Zhou or Chou dynasty (1046 BC–256 BC) to the Qin dynasty has been termed a feudal period by many Chinese historians, due to the custom of enfeoffment of land similar to that in Europe. But scholarship has suggested that fengjian otherwise lacks some of the fundamental aspects of feudalism.
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Edo Neo-Confucianism Edo Neo-Confucianism, known in Japanese as Shushi-Gaku (朱子学 , shushigaku ) , refers to the schools of Neo-Confucian philosophy that developed in Japan during the Edo period. Neo-Confucianism reached Japan during the Kamakura period. The philosophy can be characterized as humanistic and rationalistic, with the belief that the universe could be understood through human reason, and that it was up to man to create a harmonious relationship between the universe and the individual. The 17th-century Tokugawa shogunate adopted Neo-Confucianism as the principle of controlling people and Confucian philosophy took hold. Neo-Confucians such as Hayashi Razan and Arai Hakuseki were instrumental in the formulation of Japan's dominant early modern political philosophy.
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Temple of Confucius A temple of Confucius or Confucian temple is a temple for the veneration of Confucius and the sages and philosophers of Confucianism in Chinese folk religion and other East Asian religions. They were formerly the site of the administration of the imperial examination in China and Vietnam and often housed schools and other studying facilities.
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Yangmingism Yangmingism, known in Mandarin as "Yángmíngxué" (陽明學) and in Japanese as "Yōmeigaku" (陽明学), is one of the major philosophical schools of Neo-Confucianism, based on the ideas of the Neo-Confucian philosopher Wang Yangming. Yangmingism developed as the main intellectual opposition to the Cheng-Zhu school of Neo-Confucianism. The school is considered part of the School of Mind, established by Lu Jiuyuan. Yangmingism emphasizes that, one can get the supreme principle (理) from his/her heart, without seeking outside.
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Zhou Dunyi Zhou Dunyi (; 1017–1073) was a Song dynasty Chinese Neo-Confucian philosopher and cosmologist born during the Song Dynasty. He conceptualized the Neo-Confucian cosmology of the day, explaining the relationship between human conduct and universal forces. In this way, he emphasizes that humans can master their "qi" ("vital life energy") in order to accord with nature. He was a major influence to Zhu Xi, who was the architect of Neo-Confucianism. Zhou Dunyi was mainly concerned with Taiji (supreme polarity) and Wuji (limitless potential), the yin and yang, and the wu xing (the five phases). He is also venerated and credited in Taoism as the first philosopher to popularize the concept of the taijitu or "yin-yang symbol".
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Kaihuang Code The Kaihuang Code () was a series of laws formulated in China at the time of Sui dynasty Emperor Wen of Sui (r. 581-604 CE). Containing twelve chapters with 500 provisions, the code reconfirmed the legal institutions of the Five Punishments, Eight Deliberations and Ten Abominations. The legal codes of later Chinese dynasties were based on the Kaihuang Code which is of strategic significance in the history of Traditional Chinese law.
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State councillor (China) The state councillor () is a powerful position within the State Council of the People's Republic of China, i.e. the executive organ of China's central government (comparable to a cabinet). It ranks immediately below the Vice-Premiers and above the Ministers of various departments. The position was created during the May 1982 restructuring of the State Council, when eleven state councillors were appointed, ten of whom were vice premiers until then.
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9 Pin Zhi 9 Pin Zhi (Chinese: 九品制) was an ancient Chinese ranking system for the game of Go, which first appeared in the 3rd century book "Classic of Arts" by Handan Chun. He ranks 9 different Pin (levels) for Go players, from strong to weak:
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Bhūmi (Buddhism) The Ten Bodhisattva Bhūmi (Sanskrit; Tibetan "byang chub sems dpa'i sa", "enlightenment-being grounds/levels") are the ten stages on the Mahayana bodhisattva's path of awakening.
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School of Diplomacy The School of Diplomacy (), or the School of Vertical and Horizontal Alliances was a political and diplomatic clique during the Warring States period of Chinese history (476-220 BCE). According to the "Book of Han", the school was one of the Nine Schools of Thought ().
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Syncretism (Chinese philosophy) Syncretism or the Mixed School in Chinese philosophy is an eclectic school of thought that combined elements of Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, and Legalism. The Syncretist texts include the "Huainanzi", "Lüshi Chunqiu", and the "Shizi". The (c. 330 BCE) "Shizi" is the earliest of the Syncretist texts.
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Imperial consorts of Tang China Imperial consorts of Tang China are organized in eight or nine ranks, in addition to the empress. They are also called the "inner officials" (內官), as opposed to "palace officials" (宮官), the bureaucracy.
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Eight Prohibitions Eight Prohibitions is a criminal law. When Shang dynasty conquered the Korean peninsula and established Gija Joseon, Saint politician Jizi from Shang dynasty enacted this law to educate and strength the Korean people. This law was made up of eight prohibitions regarding etiquette, agriculture, rice farming, sericulture and weaving.
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Three Suns (eschatology) The doctrine of the Three Suns () or three stages of the end-time (), or Three Ages, is a teleological and eschatological doctrine found in some Chinese salvationist religions and schools of Confucianism.