The Transcaucasian Commissariat decided to strengthen the Georgian-Armenian-Azerbaijani union by general assembly known as what?
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Transcaucasian Commissariat The Transcaucasian Commissariat was established at Tbilisi on 11 November 1917, as the first government of the independent Transcaucasia following the October Revolution in Petrograd. The Commissariat decided to strengthen the Georgian–Armenian–Azerbaijani union by convoking a Diet or general assembly ("Sejm") in January 1918.
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Convocation A convocation (from the Latin "convocare" meaning "to call/come together", a translation of the Greek ἐκκλησία "ekklēsia") is a group of people formally assembled for a special purpose, mostly ecclesiastical or academic.
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Occupation of Turkish Armenia The occupation of Turkish Armenia by the Russian Empire during World War I began in 1915 formally ended by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. It was sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Van" by Armenians, because the occupation imitated in Van. Aram Manukian of Armenian Revolutionary Federation was the "de facto" head until July 1915. It was briefly referred to as "Free Vaspurakan". After a setback beginning in August 1915, it was re-established in June 1916. From December 1917, it was under Transcaucasian Commissariat, with Hakob Zavriev as the Commissar, and during the early stages of the establishment of First Republic of Armenia, it was included with other Armenian National Councils in a briefly unified Armenia.
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General Congress of Bukovina General Congress of Bukovina was a self-proclaimed representative body created in the aftermath of the Romanian military intervention in Bukovina, which proclaimed the union of region with the Kingdom of Romania in 1918.
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Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen: Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы , "Türkmenistan Sowet Sotsialistik Respublikasy"; Russian: Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика , "Turkmenskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika"), also commonly known as Turkmenistan or Turkmenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union located in Central Asia existed as a republic from 1925 to 1991. Initially, on 7 August 1921, it was established as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR before being made, on 13 May 1925, a separate republic of the USSR as the Turkmen SSR.
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Concordat of 2002 The Constitutional Agreement between the Georgian state and the Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia (Georgian: კონსტიტუციური შეთანხმება საქართველოს სახელმწიფოსა და საქართველოს სამოციქულო ავტოკეფალურ მართლმადიდებელ ეკლესიას შორის ), informally referred to as the Concordat, is an agreement between the Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC) and the state that defines relations between the two entities. It was signed by President of Georgia Eduard Shevardnadze and Patriarch of Georgia Ilia II on 14 October 2002 at Svetitskhoveli Cathedral in Mtskheta, Georgia.
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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1494 United Nations Security Council resolution 1494, adopted unanimously on 30 July 2003, after reaffirming all resolutions on Abkhazia and Georgia, particularly Resolution 1462 (2003), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) until 31 January 2004 and endorsed the establishment of a police component.
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Union of Azerbaijani Writers The Union of Azerbaijani Writers (Azerbaijani: "Azərbaycan Yazıçılar Birliyi" ) is the largest public organization of Azerbaijani writers, poets and publicists. It has over 1500 members at present. It was founded on June 13, 1934, when Azerbaijan was a part of the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.
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Tseghakronism Tseghakronism (Armenian: Ցեղակրոնություն translit. "Tseghakronutyun ") is a national/ethnic and political movement towards a renewal of the spiritual, behavioral and cultural identity of the Armenian people.
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Tovmas Nazarbekian Tovmas Nazarbekian (Armenian: Թովմաս Նազարբէկեան; 4 April 1855 – 19 February 1931), also known as Foma Nazarbekov (Russian: Фома Назарбеков ), was an Armenian general in the Russian Caucasus Army and later promoted to commander-in-chief of the First Republic of Armenia.
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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379, adopted on November 10, 1975 by a vote of 72 to 35 (with 32 abstentions), "determine[d] that Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination". The vote took place approximately one year after UNGA 3237 granted the PLO "observer status", following PLO president Yasser Arafat's "olive branch" speech to the General Assembly in November 1974. The resolution was passed with the support of the Soviet bloc and other then Soviet-aligned nations, in addition to the Arab and Muslim majority countries.
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Yuri Khatchaturov Yuri Khachaturov (Armenian: Յուրի Խաչատուրով ; born 1 May 1952) is the Secretary-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and former Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Armenia.
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Podgorica Assembly The Great National Assembly of the Serb People in Montenegro (Serbian: Велика народна скупштина Српског Народа у Црној Гори/Velika narodna skupština Srpskog Naroda u Crnoj Gori ), known as the Podgorica Assembly (Подгоричка скупштина/Podgorička skupština), was an assembly of the representative body of the Montenegrin people (the Kingdom of Montenegro) in November 1918, after World War I, that was to decide whether Montenegro was to unite with the Kingdom of Serbia. It was organized by a Serbian government committee. The two sides were known as the "Greens" and the "Whites", in favour of a confederation (independence) and unification (annexation), respectively. The assembly concluded the decision to merge Montenegro with Serbia. The creation of Yugoslavia followed.
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Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; Russian: Содружество Независимых Государств, СНГ , "Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv, SNG" ), also called the Russian Commonwealth (to distinguish it from the English-speaking Commonwealth of Nations ), is a loose confederation of 9 member states and 2 associate members that are located in Eurasia, formed during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and which were all former Soviet Republics. Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008, while the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), which regard their membership in the Soviet Union as an illegal occupation, chose not to participate.
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Armenians in Georgia Armenians in Georgia (Armenian: Վիրահայեր "Virahayer") are Armenian people living within the country of Georgia. The Armenian community is mostly concentrated in the capital Tbilisi, Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Samtskhe-Javakheti region. Official Georgian statistics put the Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti at about 54% of the population. In Abkhazia, Armenians are the third biggest ethnic group in the region after the Georgians and the Abkhazian majority.
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Composers Union of Armenia Composers Union of Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստանի Կոմպոզիտորների Միություն ; Russian: Союз Композиторов Армении ) is a non-governmental organization that unites and officially represents professional composers and musicologists in Armenia. The Union was established in 1932. Currently the Chairman of the Union is Aram Satian who succeeded Robert Amirkhanyan in 2013.
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People's Council of Turkmenistan The Halk Maslahaty ("Халк Маслахаты" ]; "People's Council") was the highest representative body in Turkmenistan (Article 45 of the 1992 Constitution). It was abolished in the new constitution of 2008. Before 1991, it was known as the Supreme Soviet of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic.
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History of Georgia (country) The nation of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველო "sakartvelo") was first unified as a kingdom under the Bagrationi dynasty by the King Bagrat III of Georgia in the 8th to 9th century, arising from a number of predecessor states of the ancient kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia. The kingdom of Georgia flourished during the 10th to 12th centuries under King David IV the Builder and Queen Tamar the Great, and fell to the Mongol invasion by 1243, and after a brief reunion under George V the Brilliant to the Timurid Empire. By 1490, Georgia was fragmented into a number of petty kingdoms and principalities, which throughout the Early Modern period struggled to maintain their autonomy against Ottoman and Iranian (Safavid, Afsharid, and Qajar) domination until Georgia was finally annexed by the Russian Empire in 1801, which got nominally confirmed in 1813. After a brief bid for independence with the Democratic Republic of Georgia of 1918–1921, Georgia was part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic from 1922 to 1936, and then formed the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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Red Banner Caucasus Army The Red Banner Caucasus Army (Russian: Краснознамённая Кавказская армия ) was a Soviet army existing from 1921 to 1935. The army was named the Independent Caucasus Army on its creation, and carried this name until August 1923, when it was renamed the Red Banner Caucasus Army. It ceased to exist on May 17, 1935 when it was redesignated as the Transcaucasian Military District in connection with the overall reorganization of the Red Army.
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Communist Party of Azerbaijan The Azerbaijan Communist Party (Azerbaijani: "Azərbaycan Kommunist Partiyası" ; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Азербайджана ) was the ruling political party in the Azerbaijan SSR, making it effectively a branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was formed on February 20, 1920, when the "Hummat Party", the "Adalat Party", the "Ahrar Party of Iran" and Baku Bolsheviks joined together to establish the Azerbaijan Communist Party. On April 1 of the same year, the Fifth Cabinet of Ministers of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic gave its resignations and all the power to the Azerbaijan Communist Party. The party ruled the Azerbaijan SSR until 16 September 1991 when it was formally disbanded. Nevertheless, former leaders and members of the communists continued to play a role in the family- and patronage-based political system. The Azerbaijan Communist Party won the first multi-party elections in Azerbaijan that took place on 30 September and 14 October 1990 for the Supreme Soviet obtaining 280 out of 360 seats.
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Transcaucasian Teachers Seminary The Transcaucasian Teachers Seminary (Russian: "Закавказская учительская семинария" ) in Gori (present-day Georgia) was a 4-year specialized secondary school in the Russian Empire in 1876–1917 aimed at professional training of primary school teachers.
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Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (Russian: Конфедерация горских народов Кавказа ) was a militarised political organisation in the Caucasus, active around the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, between 1991 and 1994. It played a decisive role in the 1992–1993 war between Abkhazian and Georgia, rallying militants from the North Caucasian republics to defend Abkhazia against Georgian forces. Its forces have been accused by Georgia of committing war crimes, including the ethnic cleansing of Georgians. The Confederation has been inactive since the assassination of its second leader Yusup Soslambekov in 2000.