What do Ibn al-Shatir and Ibn Tufail have in common?
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Ibn al-Shatir Ibn al-Shatir or Ibn ash-Shatir (Arabic: ابن الشاطر‎ ‎ ; 1304–1375) was an Arab astronomer. He worked as "muwaqqit" (موقت, religious timekeeper) in the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and constructed a sundial for its minaret in 1371/72.
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Ibn Tufail Ibn Tufail (c. 1105 – 1185) (full Arabic name: أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الملك بن محمد بن طفيل القيسي الأندلسي "Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail al-Qaisi al-Andalusi"; Latinized form: "Abubacer Aben Tofail"; Anglicized form: "Abubekar" or "Abu Jaafar Ebn Tophail") was a Moorish Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official.
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Tur (mythology) Tur (Tur – son of Fereydun) (Persian: تور‎ ‎ ) is a character in the Persian epic Shahnameh. He is the second son of the legendary Iranian king Fereydun and brother of both Salm and Iraj. His name, meaning "brave", was given to him by his father when the young prince bravely fights the dragon that had attacked him and his brothers. When Fereydun divides his empire among his sons, he gives Turkistan and China to his second son Tur. This is the beginning of the nation of Turan, the neighbor and rival of the Iranians. Some of the most important characters of Shahnameh, such as Afrasiab, are his descendants. He was killed by Manuchehr.
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Al-Abbas ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun Al-ʿAbbās ibn Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn was the eldest son of the founder of the Tulunid dynasty, Ahmad ibn Tulun, and heir-apparent until his failed attempt to usurp his father in 879. After a failed attempt to take over Ifriqiya, he was imprisoned in Egypt and executed shortly after the succession of his brother, Khumarawayh, in May 884.
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Hatim al-Tai Hatim Altaaey (Arabic: حاتم الطائي‎ ‎ ; also Hatemtai i.e. Hatim of the Tayy tribe; died 578), formally Hatem ibn Abdellah ibn Sa'ad at-Ta'iy (Arabic: حاتم بن عبد الله بن سعد الطائي‎ ‎ ) was a famous Arab poet who belonged to the Ta'i Arabian tribe, and the father of the Sahabi Adi ibn Hatim RadiAllahu 'Anhu. Stories about his extreme generosity have made him an icon to Arabs up till the present day, as in the proverbial phrase "more generous than Hatem" (Arabic: أكرم من حاتم).
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Kumayl ibn Ziyad Kumayl bin Ziyad an-Nakha'i (Arabic: كُميل بن زياد النخعي‎ ‎ ) was among the most loyal companions of Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Moreover, Kumayl occupies a prominent position in Shia Islam. Converting to Islam during the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad, he rose to a position of prominence during the caliphates of Uthman and Ali. In the caliphate of Ali, Kumayl flourished and served him in the most disciplined of ways. However, he is recognized for his pious and humble nature as well as preserving Imam Ali's teachings. Kumayl is best known for the "du'a" (supplication) of Prophet Khidr, which is commonly known by the name "du'a Kumayl."
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Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din al-Hilali Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din bin Abdil-Qadir Al-Hilali, (1893-1987) was a 20th-century Salafi scholar from Morocco, most notable for his English translations of Sahih Bukhari and, along with Muhammad Muhsin Khan, the Qur'an, entitled The Noble Qur'an.
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Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi The expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi, to Dhul-Kaffain to destroy the idol Yaguth took place in January 630 AD, 8AH, 9th month of the Islamic Calendar.
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Saf ibn Sayyad Saf ibn Sayyad (Arabic: الصف بن الصياد‎ ‎ ), later known as Abdullah ibn Sa'id (Arabic: عبد الله بن سعيد‎ ‎ ), was an alleged claimant of prophethood during the time of Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions.
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Ibn al-Jawzi ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad Abu ’l-Faras̲h̲ b. al-Jawzī (1126 – 14 June 1200), often referred to as Ibn al-Jawzī (Arabic: ابن الجوزي, "Ibn al-Jawzī"; 1126 – 14 June 1200) for short, or reverentially as Imam Ibn al-Jawzī by Sunni Muslims, was an Arab Muslim jurisconsult, preacher, orator, heresiographer, traditionist, historian, judge, hagiographer, and philologist who played an instrumental role in propagating the Hanbali school of orthodox Sunni jurisprudence in his native Baghdad during the twelfth-century. During "a life of great intellectual, religious and political activity," Ibn al-Jawzi came to be widely admired by his fellow Hanbalis for the tireless role he played in ensuring that that particular school – historically, the smallest of the four principal Sunni schools of law – enjoy the same level of "prestige" often bestowed by rulers on the Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanafi rites.
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Talib ibn Abi Talib Talib ibn Abi Talib (571–624) was a first cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a brother of the first Imam Ali.
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Sharik Ibn-e-Judair Sharik Ibn Judair was a Sahabi of Ali and fought for him in Battle of Siffin. He was also very close to the Malik al-Ashtar. According to some traditions, he was killed by Hussain Ibn Numayer in a fight with Ubaidullah Ibn Ziyad with Mukhtar-e-Thaqafi.
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Tatbir Tatbir (Arabic: تطبير‎ ‎ ), also known as Talwar zani and Qama Zani in South Asia, is an act of mourning by some of Shia Muslims for the younger grandson of Muhammad, Husayn ibn Ali, who was killed along with his children, companions and near relatives at the Battle of Karbala by the Umayyad Caliph Yazid I. Tatbir is a contested issue among Shia. Most clerics deem it to be self-damage and hence Haram. However, a small minority of Shia do perpetuate the practice in defiance.
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Al-Tirmidhi Abū ‘Īsá Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá as-Sulamī aḍ-Ḍarīr al-Būghī at-Tirmidhī (Arabic: أبو عيسى محمد بن عيسى السلمي الضرير البوغي الترمذي‎ ‎ ; Persian: ‎ ‎ , "Termezī"; 824 – 9 October 892), often referred to as Imām at-Termezī/Tirmidhī, was a Persian Islamic scholar and collector of hadith who wrote "al-Jami` as-Sahih" (known as "Jami` at-Tirmidhi"), one of the six canonical hadith compilations in Sunni Islam. He also wrote "Shama'il Muhammadiyah" (popularly known as "Shama'il at-Tirmidhi"), a compilation of hadiths concerning the person and character of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. At-Tirmidhi was also well versed in Arabic grammar, favoring the school of Kufa over Basra due to the former's preservation of Arabic poetry as a primary source.
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Ibn al-Haj al-Abdari Moḥammed ibn al-Haj al-Abdari al-Fasi (or Mohammed Ibn Mohammed ibn Mohammed Abu Abdallah Ibn al-Hajj al-Abdari al-Maliki al-Fassi; Arabic: إبن الحاج العبدري الفسي‎ ‎ ) also known simply as Ibn al-Haj or Ibn al-Hajj was an Egyptian Moroccan Maliki fiqh scholar and theologian writer. Originally from Fes, he would finish his life in Egypt where he died in 1336. He is most remembered for his famous book "al-Madkhal".
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Al-Ashraf Khalil Al-Ashraf Salāh ad-Dīn Khalil ibn Qalawūn (Arabic: الملك الأشرف صلاح الدين خليل بن قلاوون‎ ‎ ); (c. 1260s – 14 December 1293) was the eighth Mamluk sultan between November 1290 until his assassination in December 1293. He was well known for conquering the last of the Crusader states in Palestine in the capture of Acre in 1291.
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Abu Hamza al-Thumali Thābit ibn Safiya famously known as Abū Hamzah al-Thumālī Thābit ibn Dīnār (Arabic: أبو حمزة الثمالي‎ ‎ ) was a close companion of Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin.
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Ahmad al-Wafi Aḥmad al-Wafī (proper name: ʿAbdullāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl, Arabic: عبد اللّه بن محمد بن إسماعيل‎ ‎ ; born 766-828 CE/149-212 AH in Salamiyah, Syria; Imamate 809-828 CE/193-212 AH) is the eighth Isma'ili Imam. He was the son and successor of the seventh Imam, Muhammad ibn Isma'il. He was called "al-Wafi" "true to his word".
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Al-Humaydi Imam al-Humaydi was a hafiz, faqih from Shafi'i jurisprudence scholar and Shaykh of the al-Haram. He studied under Imam Shafi'i himself in his majlis. He also studied and narrated hadith from Sufyan ibn Uyainah and Fudhail ibn Iyadh. His pupils included "Al-Aimah" such as Al-Bukhari, An-Nasa'i, At-Turmudhi, Abu Zur'a al-Razi and Abu Hatim al-Razi. He died in Mecca in 219 AH.
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Abdullah ibn Mubarak ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Mubārak (118/726-797 AH/CE; Arabic: عبد الله بن المبارك) was born during the reign of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. ‘Abdullah ibn Mubarak was an early, pious Muslim known for his memory and zeal for knowledge, collected hadīth (muhaddith), and was remembered for his asceticism. He earned the title "Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith". His father, named Mubarak, was Turkmanish from Khurasan and became a client (mawālī) of an Arab trader from the tribe of Banī Hanẓala in the city of Hamadhān, and his mother was said to have been from Khwārizm. Mubarak later married Hind, the trader's daughter. It is said that ‘Abdullah ibn Mubarak left his hometown of Merv, and while living in Hamadhān, went on to visit and speak often in Baghdād. Imam Ahmad said about Abdullah ibn Mubarak that there was no one more eager to travel for seeking knowledge than him. His teachers included Sufyān al-Thawrī and Abū Hanīfa. He wrote Kitāb al-Jihād, a collection of hadīth and sayings of the early Muslims on war, and Kitāb al-Zuhd wa al-Rāqa’iq, a book on asceticism. He was also known for defending Islamic borders (see Ribat) on the frontiers of Tarsus and al-Massisah, and later died at Hīt, near the Euphrates, in the year 797 CE.
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Abu al-Fadl Ja'far ibn 'Ali al-Dimashqi Abū al-Faḍl Jaʻfar ibn ʻAlī al-Dimashqī (Arabic: أبو الفضل جعفر بن علي الدمشقي‎ ‎ ; fl. 12th-century) was a prosperous Muslim merchant from Damascus. He is best known for being the author of "Kitab al-Isharah ila Mahasin at-Tijarah wa Marifat Jayyid al-A’rad wa Kadiiha wa Ghush-ush al-Mudallisin fiha" (A Guide to the Merits of Commerce and to Recognition of Both Fine and Defective Merchandise and the Swindles of Those Who Deal Dishonestly).
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Ibn Tufayl Foundation for Arabic Studies The Ibn Tufayl Foundation for Arabic Studies (Spanish: "Fundación Ibn Tufayl de Estudios Árabes" ) is a cultural foundation, whose main purpose is to promote and conduct research projects related to the Arabic language, its literature, the history of the Arab World and the history of Al-Andalus.