When was the dictator overthrown by the 26th of July Movement born?
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26th of July Movement The 26th of July Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento 26 de Julio" ; M-26-7) was a vanguard revolutionary organization then a party led by Fidel Castro that in 1959 overthrew the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba. The Movement fought the Batista regime on both rural and urban fronts. The movement’s main objectives were distribution of land to peasants, nationalization of public services, industrialization, honest elections, and large scale education reform.
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Fulgencio Batista Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (] ; born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and U.S.-backed dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. Fulgencio Batista initially rose to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants that overthrew the provisional government of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada. He then appointed himself chief of the armed forces, with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member Presidency. He maintained this control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was himself elected President of Cuba on a populist platform. He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba, considered progressive for its time, and served until 1944. After finishing his term he lived in Florida, returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952. Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a military coup that preempted the election.
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First Portuguese Republic The First Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: "Primeira República Portuguesa" ; officially: "República Portuguesa", Portuguese Republic) spans a complex 16-year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May "coup d'état" of 1926. The last movement instituted a military dictatorship known as "Ditadura Nacional" (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist "Estado Novo" (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.
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René Ramos Latour René Ramos Latour (May 12, 1932; Antilla, Cuba—30 July, 1958) was a commander under Fidel Castro during the Cuban Revolution.
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Antonio Veciana Antonio Veciana Blanch (born October 18, 1928) is a Cuban exile who was recruited by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to kill Fidel Castro. He was the founder and a former leader of the anti-Castro group Alpha 66.
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Lucía Pinochet Inés Lucía Pinochet Hiriart (born December 14, 1943) is the eldest daughter of former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet and Lucía Hiriart de Pinochet.
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Gabriel Valdés Gabriel Valdés Subercaseaux (July 3, 1919 – September 7, 2011) was a Chilean politician, lawyer and diplomat. Valdes served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile under President Eduardo Frei Montalva from 1964 to 1970. A vocal opponent of the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, which held power from 1973 to 1990, Valdés worked for Chile's transition to democracy.
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Fernando Martínez Heredia Fernando Martínez Heredia (21 January 1939 – 12 June 2017) was a Cuban politician. He was born on 21 January 1939 in Yaguajay, Cuba. Martínez was a founding member of the Cuban Communist Party, and as a member of the July 26 Movement, he took part in the revolution which overthrow the Batista dictatorship
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Orlando Letelier Marcos Orlando Letelier del Solar (April 13, 1932 – September 21, 1976) was a Chilean economist, Socialist politician and diplomat during the presidency of Salvador Allende. A refugee from the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet, Letelier accepted several academic positions in Washington, D.C. following his exodus from Chile. In 1976, agents of DINA, the Pinochet regime's secret police, assassinated Letelier in Washington via the use of a car bomb. These agents had been working in collaboration with members of the Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations, a U.S.-sponsored, anti-Fidel Castro, militant group.
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Osmín Aguirre y Salinas Osmín Aguirre y Salinas (December 25, 1889 – July 17, 1977) was President of El Salvador, from 21 October 1944 to 1 March 1945. A Colonel in the Salvadoran Army, Aguirre led two successful coups against the Salvadoran government: once in 1931 (installing General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez in power) and again in 1944 (installing himself in power). He was deposed himself in March 1945 and forced to flee into exile in Honduras. He was later assassinated near his home in San Salvador at the age of 87.
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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (] ; 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman. Mannerheim served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War, Regent of Finland (1918–1919), commander-in-chief of Finland's defence forces during World War II, Marshal of Finland, and the sixth president of Finland (1944–1946).
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Rómulo Betancourt Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (22 February 1908 – 28 September 1981; ] ), known as "The Father of Venezuelan Democracy", was the 47th and 54th President of Venezuela, serving from 1945 to 1948 and again from 1959 to 1964, as well as leader of Acción Democrática, Venezuela's dominant political party in the 20th century.
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Early life of Fidel Castro The early life of Cuban revolutionary and politician Fidel Castro, born Lina Castro, spans the first 26 years of his life, from 1926 to 1952. Born in Birán, Oriente Province, Castro was the illegitimate son of Ángel Castro y Argiz, a wealthy farmer and landowner, and his mistress Lina Ruz González. First educated by a tutor in Santiago de Cuba, Fidel Castro then attended two boarding schools before being sent to El Colegio de Belén, a school run by Jesuits in Havana. In 1945 he began studying law at the University of Havana, where he first became politically conscious, becoming a staunch anti-imperialist and critic of United States involvement in the Caribbean. Involved in student politics, he was affiliated to Eduardo Chibás and his Partido Ortodoxo, achieving publicity as a vocal critic of the pro-U.S. administration of President Ramón Grau and his Partido Auténtico.
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1948 Venezuelan coup d'état The 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état took place on 24 November 1948, when Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Luis Felipe Llovera Páez overthrew the elected president Rómulo Gallegos. Gallegos had been elected in the Venezuelan presidential election, 1947 (generally believed to be the country's first honest election) and taken office in February 1948. Chalbaud had been Gallegos' Minister of Defense. Democracy would not be restored until the 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état overthrew the dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez.
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Rigoberto López Pérez Rigoberto López Pérez (May 13, 1929 – September 21, 1956) was a Nicaraguan poet, artist and composer. He assassinated Anastasio Somoza García, the longtime dictator of Nicaragua.
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Jorge Ubico Jorge Ubico Castañeda (10 November 1878 – 14 June 1946), nicknamed Number Five (based on the letters of the name Jorge) or also Central America's Napoleon, was the authoritarian ruler of Guatemala from 14 February 1931 to 4 July 1944. A general in the Guatemalan army, he was elected to the presidency in 1931, in an election where he was the only candidate. He continued his predecessors' policies of giving massive concessions to the United Fruit Company and wealthy landowners, as well as supporting their harsh labor practices. He was removed by a pro-democracy uprising in 1944, which led to the ten-year Guatemalan Revolution.
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Fernando Agüero Fernando Bernabé Agüero Rocha (June 11, 1917 in Managua – September 27, 2011) was a Nicaraguan politician and the founder (1988) and leader of the Social Conservative Party. In 1967 Agüero was chosen to represent the conservative 1966 National Opposition Union (UNO) in the presidential election against the Somoza regime. His campaign was marked by the bloody repression of one of his political rallies in Managua. In 1971 however, Agüero signed the controversial Kupia Kumi pact with Anastasio Somoza Debayle.
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Osvaldo Aranha Osvaldo Euclides de Sousa Aranha (] , February 15, 1894 – January 27, 1960) was a Brazilian politician, diplomat and statesman, who came to national prominence in 1930 under Getúlio Vargas.
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Anyer Antonio Blanco Anyer Antonio Blanco is a Cuban dissident, whose anti-regime activities are based in his hometown of Santiago, where he was born July 28, 1987. He has served six years as a self-described political prisoner in Cuban jails until his release in 2012. Blanco is one of the few users of Twitter in Cuba. Havana-based fellow dissident Yoani Sánchez's Twitter account has been "certified" and who constantly tweets and uploads videos from within Cuba against the regime, activity which has been recognized outside Cuba.
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David Padilla David Padilla Arancibia (13 August 1927 – 25 September 2016) was a military general and "de facto" president of Bolivia. He ruled his country from November 1978 to August 1979.
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Gianni Minà Gianni Minà (] ; Turin, 17 May 1938) is an Italian journalist, writer and television host. He has collaborated with both Italian and foreign newspapers and magazines; produced hundreds of reports for the RAI ("Radiotelevisione Italiana"); designed and presented television programs, as well as produced successful documentary films on the lives of Che Guevara, Muhammad Ali, Fidel Castro, Rigoberta Menchú, Silvia Baraldini, Subcomandante Marcos, and Diego Maradona.
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Jorge Rafael Videla Jorge Rafael Videla (] ; 2 August 1925 – 17 May 2013) was a senior commander in the Argentine Army and dictator of Argentina from 1976 to 1981.