How old was the man for whom Āryabhaṭa numeration is named when he wrote Āryabhaṭīya?
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Āryabhaṭa numeration The Āryabhaṭa numeration is a system of numerals based on Sanskrit phonemes. It was introduced in the early 6th century in India by Āryabhaṭa, in the first chapter titled "Gītika Padam" of his "Aryabhatiya". It attributes a numerical value to each syllable of the form consonant+vowel possible in Sanskrit phonology, from "ka " = 1 up to "hau " = 10.
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Aryabhata Aryabhata (IAST: Āryabhaṭa ) or Aryabhata I (476–550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the "Āryabhaṭīya" (499 CE, when he was 23 years old) and the "Arya-siddhanta".
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Dwijendranath Tagore Dwijendranath Tagore (Bengali: দ্বিজেন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর ) (11 March 1840 – 19 January 1926) was an Indian poet, song composer, philosopher, mathematician, and a pioneer in Bengali shorthand and musical notations.
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Bṛhaspati Bṛhaspati (Sanskrit: बृहस्पति , often written as Brihaspati) is an Indian name, and refers to different mythical figures depending on the age of the text. In ancient Hindu literature Brihaspati is a Vedic era sage who counsels the gods, while in some medieval texts the word refers to the largest planet Jupiter. He is the god of eloquence in some ancient post-Vedic Indian texts, and sometimes identified with god Agni.
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Sanketa Nidhi Sanketa Nidhi is a Sanskrit text in verse on the "phalita" portion of Hindu astrology. It was written by Ramadayalu, the youngest of the four sons of Jaspatimisra Sarman (Sharma) of Amritsar. Ramadayalu completed this book in the year 1860. It consists of nine "Sanketas" or chapters. He had dedicated this book to his nephew, Ghasirama Sharma, a son of his brother, Vajircandra (Wazirchand).
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Aptamimamsa Aptamimamsa (also "Devāgamastotra") is a Jain text composed by Acharya Samantabhadra, a Jain acharya said to have lived about the latter part of the second century A.D. "Āptamīmāṁsā" is a treatise of 114 verses which discusses the Jaina view of Reality, starting with the concept of omniscience (Kevala Jnana) and the attributes of the Omniscient.
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Haribhadra Haribhadra Suri was a Svetambara mendicant Jain leader and author. There are multiple contradictory dates assigned to his birth. According to tradition, he lived c. 459–529 CE. However, in 1919, a Jain monk named Jinavijayi pointed out that given his familiarity with Dharmakirti, a more likely choice would be sometime after 650. In his writings, Haribhadra identifies himself as a student of Jinabhadra and Jinadatta of the Vidyadhara Kula. There are several, somewhat contradictory, accounts of his life. He wrote several books on Yoga, such as the Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya and on comparative religion, outlining and analyzing the theories of Hindus, Buddhists and Jains.
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Bakul Kayastha Bakul Kayastha (Born c. 1400) was mathematician from Kamrup. He was specially known for his master piece in the field of mathematics named Kitabat Manjari written in 1434 and Lilavati.
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Aryaman Aryaman (Sanskrit: अर्यमन्‌ , pronounced as "aryaman"; nominative singular is aryama) is one of the early Vedic Hindu deities. His name signifies "close friend", "play-fellow" or "companion". He is the third son of Aditi, the mother of the Adityas and is depicted as the mid-morning sun disk
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Varāhamihira Varāhamihira    (505–587 CE), also called Varaha or Mihir, was an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer who lived in Ujjain. He was born in Avanti (India) region, roughly corresponding to modern-day Malwa, to Adityadasa, who was himself an astronomer. According to one of his own works, he was educated at Kapitthaka. He is considered to be one of the "Nine Jewels" (Navaratnas) of the court of legendary ruler Yashodharman Vikramaditya of Malwa.
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Nitai Nitai or Nityananda (Bengali: শ্রী নিত্যানন্দ , b 1474 CE), was a Vaishnava saint, famous as a primary religious figure within the Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition of Bengal, is an expansion of Balarama. Nitai was Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's friend and disciple. They are often mentioned together as "Gaura-Nitai" ("Gaura", "golden one", referring to Chaitanya, Nitai being a shortened form of Nityananda) or Nimai-Nitai ("Nimai" being another name of Chaitanya). Followers often refer to Nitai as 'Sri Nityananda', 'Prabhu Nityananda' or 'Nityananda Rama'.
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Sadratnamala Sadratnamala is an astronomical-mathematical treatise in Sanskrit written by Sankara Varman, an astronomer-mathematician of the Kerala school of mathematics, in 1819. Even though the book has been written at a time when western mathematics and astronomy had been introduced in India, it is composed purely in the traditional style followed by the mathematicians of the Kerala school. Sankara Varman has also written a detailed commentary on the book in Malayalam.
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Bodhananda Bodhananda (1883–1928) was an Indian Hindu philosopher. He was the disciple and the nominated successor of his guru, called Narayana Guru, though both died only days apart.
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Mathematics in medieval Islam Mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam, especially during the 9th and 10th centuries, was built on Greek mathematics (Euclid, Archimedes, Apollonius) and Indian mathematics (Aryabhata, Brahmagupta). Important progress was made, such as the full development of the decimal place-value system to include decimal fractions, the first systematised study of algebra (named for "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing" by scholar Al-Khwarizmi), and advances in geometry and trigonometry.
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Swaminatha Athreya Swaminatha Athreya is a Vedic scholar and writer of Hindu divine literature.
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Govinda Bhattathiri Govinda Bhaṭṭathiri (also known as Govinda Bhattathiri of Thalakkulam or Thalkkulathur) ( 1237 – 1295) was an Indian astrologer and astronomer who flourished in Kerala during the thirteenth century CE. His major work was Dasadhyayi, a commentary on the first ten chapters of the astrological text Brihat Jataka composed by Varāhamihira (505 – 587 CE). This is considered to be the most important of the 70 known commentaries on this text. Bhaṭṭathiri had also authored another important work in astrology titled "Muhūrttaratnaṃ". Paramesvara (ca.1380–1460), an astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics known for the introduction of the "Dṛggaṇita" system of astronomical computations, had composed an extensive commentary on this work. In this commentary Paramesvara had indicated that he was a grandson of a disciple of the author of "Muhūrttaratnaṃ".
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Jitendra Jatashankar Rawal Jitendra Jatashankar Rawal (born March 30, 1943) is an Indian astrophysicist and scientific educator, recognized for his work in the popularisation of science.
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Sujata Nahar Sujata Nahar (Hindi: सुजाता नाहर ; 12 December 1925 – 4 May 2007) was born in Calcutta, and spent her formative years near the poet Rabindranath Tagore. At the age seven she lost her mother. Her father, searching for another meaning to life, turned to Sri Aurobindo and the Mother. In this way Sujata also came to Sri Aurobindo in 1935, at age nine. She received private tutoring, and became secretary to Pavitra, the Mother's main disciple. She met Satprem in 1954. Later, the Mother entrusted her with the typing up of her private conversations with Satprem, which later became "The Agenda. " From 1965 to 1973 Sujata regularly accompanied Satprem to his meetings with Mother.
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Aśvaghoṣa Aśvaghoṣa or Ashvaghosha (/'əɕʋə'gʰoːʂə/ ;  80 – c. 150 CE ) was an Indian philosopher-poet, born in Saketa in northern India to a Brahmin family. He is believed to have been the first Sanskrit dramatist, and is considered the greatest Indian poet prior to Kālidāsa. He was the most famous in a group of Buddhist court writers, whose epics rivalled the contemporary Ramayana. Whereas much of Buddhist literature prior to the time of Aśvaghoṣa had been composed in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit, Aśvaghoṣa wrote in Classical Sanskrit.
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Bhāskara I Bhāskara (c. 600 – c. 680) (commonly called Bhaskara I to avoid confusion with the 12th century mathematician Bhāskara II) was a 7th-century mathematician, who was the first to write numbers in the Hindu decimal system with a circle for the zero, and who gave a unique and remarkable rational approximation of the sine function in his commentary on Aryabhatta's work. This commentary, "Āryabhaṭīyabhāṣya", written in 629 CE, is among the oldest known prose works in Sanskrit on mathematics and astronomy. He also wrote two astronomical works in the line of Aryabhata's school, the "Mahābhāskarīya" and the "Laghubhāskarīya".
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Kapila Kapila (Hindi: कपिल ऋषि ) is a given name of different individuals in ancient and medieval Indian texts, of which the most well-known is the founder of the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy. Kapila of Samkhya fame is considered a Vedic sage, estimated to have lived in the 6th-century BCE, or the 7th-century BCE.
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Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ((also transliterated Caitanya Mahāprabhu); 18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534) was a spiritual leader who founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism. He is believed by some of his devotees to be Krishna himself who appeared in the form of His own devotee in order to teach the people of this world the process of Bhakti and how to attain the perfection in life. He is considered as the most merciful manifestation of Krishna . Chaitanya was the proponent for the Vaishnava school of Bhakti yoga (meaning loving devotion to God), based on "Bhagavata Purana" and "Bhagavad Gita". Of various incarnations of Vishnu, he is revered as Krishna, popularised the chanting of the "Hare Krishna" mantra and composed the "Siksastakam" (eight devotional prayers) in Sanskrit. His followers, Gaudiya Vaishnavas, revere him as a Krishna with the mood and complexion of his source of inspiration Radha. His birthday is celebrated as Gaura-purnima.