Which group was this American white supremacist leader and convicted felon, who wrote the essay "88 Precepts," a member of?
7bb1f24492d4695c5e32f0c6fe2d457d
88 Precepts 88 Precepts is an essay or manifesto written by David Lane, a member of the white supremacist organization The Order. Written while Lane was serving a 190-year prison sentence, 88 Precepts is a treatise on natural law, religion and politics from the view point of David Lane including guidelines for securing, protecting, preserving and establishing white territorial imperatives in North America and Eastern Europe, distributing propaganda, calls for a night-watchman state and are an expansion upon Lane's Fourteen Words.
5404e8f4db1451850ba103956e92ee67
David Lane (white supremacist) David Eden Lane (November 2, 1938 – May 28, 2007) was an American white supremacist leader and convicted felon. A member of The Order, he was convicted and sentenced to 190 years in prison for racketeering, conspiracy, and for violating the civil rights of Alan Berg, a Jewish radio talk show host, who was murdered on June 18, 1984. He died while incarcerated in the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana.
7cb67790184f9b0e4795d17eaaa38f05
Dwight York Dwight D. York (born June 26, 1945), also known as Malachi Z. York, Issa Al Haadi Al Mahdi, Dr. York, "et alii", is an American musician, writer, and convicted child molester, known as the founding leader of various religious/political groups, including most notably the quasi-religious cult known as the Nuwaubian movement, among other names.
bff35f3cb4b0eb57a63dad7fc13b88c8
Zev Aelony Zev Aelony (February 21, 1938 – November 1, 2009) was an American activist involved in the Civil Rights Movement. A lifelong Zionist, Aelony practiced peace and nonviolence in his fight for justice. Aelony was an organizer of the civil rights student group Students for Integration, a CORE Soul Force Member, a Freedom Rider, and one of the Americus Four who faced a death penalty for helping citizens legally vote.
c09406f3d0c7f0d56bc89cb5747d1952
Samuel Bowers Samuel Holloway Bowers (August 25, 1924 – November 5, 2006), Former Ku Klux Klan Imperial Wizard, was a convicted murderer and leading white supremacist activist in Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement. In response to this movement, he co-founded a reactionary organization, the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan. Bowers committed two notorious murders of civil rights activists in southern Mississippi: The 1964 murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner near Philadelphia, for which he served six years in federal prison; and the 1966 murder of Vernon Dahmer in Hattiesburg, for which he was sentenced to life in prison 32 years after the crime. He also was accused of bombings of Jewish targets in the cities of Jackson and Meridian in 1967 and 1968 (according to the man who was convicted of some of the bombings, Thomas A. Tarrants III). He died in prison at the age of 82.
0aecd3f0c69e28785723f68228cc136d
Eugène Terre'Blanche Eugène Ney Terre'Blanche (31 January 1941 – 3 April 2010) was a white supremacist and Afrikaner nationalist in South Africa who was the founder and leader of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB). Prior to founding the AWB, Terre'Blanche served as a South African Police officer, was a farmer, and was an unsuccessful Herstigte Nasionale Party (Reconstituted National Party) candidate for local office in the Transvaal. He was a major figure in the right-wing backlash against the collapse of apartheid. His beliefs and philosophy have continued to be influential among white supremacists in South Africa and around the world.
9302a18072274496447d62935b1034de
Committee of Nine The Committee of Nine was a group of conservative political leaders in Virginia, who engineered the political machinery so that both the Old Dominion might be readmitted into the Union, following the American Civil War. Led by Alexander H. H. Stuart, the committee campaigned to ensure that former Confederate officers and sympathisers would be able to keep their voting rights.
54ef2604e1ee765b05a9acd5cf49e393
Federalist No. 82 Federalist No. 82 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the eighty-second of "The Federalist Papers". It was published on July 2, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all "The Federalist" papers were published. Its title is, "The Judiciary Continued," and it is the fifth in a series of six essays discussing the powers and limitations of the judicial branch of government.
6ec10c24113dff44cdab105d902fcc5a
White Student Unions White Student Unions are student organizations that aim to represent the interests of white students on university and college campuses. Historically, many of them were white supremacist in nature and associated with the white separatist movement, though some modern ones disavow any connection to it.
84cc7e7bb2b07ed11d6b63220eb18f20
The White Negro The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster, a 9,000-word essay by Norman Mailer, connects the "psychic havoc" wrought by holocaust and the atomic bomb to the aftermath of slavery in America in the figuration of the Hipster, or the "white negro".
8e0606327f92f1b56321a0b2120a2ba8
Antifa (United States) Antifa ( ) is a militant political movement of autonomous, self-styled anti-fascist groups. The salient feature of Antifa is its opposition to fascism by direct action. Antifa groups are known for their militant protest tactics, including property damage and physical violence. They tend to be anti-government and anti-capitalist, and they are predominantly far left and militant left, including anarchists, communists and socialists. They focus on fighting far-right and white supremacist ideologies directly, rather than on encouraging pro-left policy.
39ba7d9b233df7db4f57ec2bbe12ac94
Guardians of Liberty Guardians of Liberty is a three volume set of books published in 1943 by Bishop Alma Bridwell White, author of over 35 books and founder of the Pillar of Fire Church. Guardians of Liberty is primarily devoted to summarizing White’s vehement anti-Catholicism under the guise of patriotism. White also defends her historical support of and association with the Ku Klux Klan while significantly but not completely distancing herself from the Klan. Each of the three volumes corresponds to one of the three books White published in the 1920s promoting the Ku Klux Klan and her political views which in addition to anti-Catholicism also included nativism, anti-Semitism and white supremacy. In "Guardians of Liberty", White removed most, but not all of the direct references to the Klan that had existed in her three 1920s books, both in the text and in the illustrations. In Volumes I and II, she removed most of the nativist, anti-Semitic and white supremacist ideology that had appeared in her predecessor books. However, in "Guardians" Volume III, she did retain edited versions of chapters promoting nativism, anti-Semitism and white supremecy.
32ff6b27cb16a07a5ad0449efd0f2ed5
Claude Barnes Claude Barnes (born 1952[?]) was an American civil rights leader for 40 years and a former professor, who was convicted in 2010 of embezzling the estate of his deceased neighbor.
9e65aa3443e3b14b4d12a9d7a87fed06
Semyon Tokmakov Semyon Valeryevich Tokmakov (Russian: Семён Валерьевич Токмаков born 26 July 1975 in Rybinsk, Russia) is a figure in the Russian nationalist movement. Tokmakov was a leader of the nationalist organization Russian Goal. He achieved notoriety in 1998 when he and other neo-nazis attacked William Jefferson, a black United States Marine embassy guard in Moscow. Semyonov was arrested for the attack, spending a year and a half in prison.
b02af8ee9deb41c69d68023178b9b6a4
Southern Manifesto The Declaration of Constitutional Principles (known informally as the Southern Manifesto) was a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places. The manifesto was signed by 101 politicians (99 Southern Democrats and two Republicans) from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. The Congressmen drafted the document to counter the landmark Supreme Court 1954 ruling "Brown v. Board of Education", which determined that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional. School segregation laws were some of the most enduring and best-known of the Jim Crow laws that characterized the American South and border states at the time.
66f364342de68ad02335c2f4f475d192
White genocide conspiracy theory The white genocide conspiracy theory is a white nationalist conspiracy theory that mass immigration, racial integration, miscegenation, low fertility rates and abortion are being promoted in predominantly white countries to deliberately turn them minority-white and hence cause white people to become extinct through forced assimilation. The phrase "Anti-racist is a code word for anti-white", coined by high-profile white nationalist Robert Whitaker, is commonly associated with the topic of white genocide. It has appeared on billboards near Birmingham, Alabama and in Harrison, Arkansas. The conspiracy theory had already been purported in Nazi Germany by a pamphlet written for the "Research Department for the Jewish question" of Walter Frank's "Reich Institute" with the title "Are the White Nations Dying? The Future of the White and the Colored Nations in the Light of Biological Statistics".
a12e56814d9925ef8bf46803141506b6
John Brown (abolitionist) John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was an American abolitionist who believed and advocated that armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. Brown first gained attention when he led small groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis of 1856. Dissatisfied with the pacifism of the organized abolitionist movement, he said, "These men are all talk. What we need is action—action!" During the Kansas campaign, Brown commanded forces at the Battle of Black Jack and the Battle of Osawatomie. He and his supporters killed five supporters of slavery in the Pottawatomie massacre of May 1856 in response to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces.
3a3a9e65adb4aef5a826c90418aa74d3
Black Power and the American Myth Black Power and the American Myth is a 1970 book by Reverend C. T. Vivian that analyzes the Civil Rights Movement. Before writing "Black Power and the American Myth", Vivian had been an activist, a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and a member of its Executive Staff along with Martin Luther King, Jr., Andrew Young, James Bevel and others. Besides King, Vivian was the first member of SCLC's staff to write a book about the Civil Rights Movement, and his access gave readers a first-hand account of the thoughts and motivations of the movement's leaders.
108334ee2c4536a42ba54129a7be11c9
Howard Thurman Howard Washington Thurman (November 18, 1899 – April 10, 1981) was an influential African-American author, philosopher, theologian, educator, and civil rights leader. As a prominent religious figure, he played a leading role in many social justice movements and organizations of the twentieth century. Thurman's theology of radical nonviolence influenced and shaped a generation of civil rights activists, and he was a key mentor to leaders within the movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr.
9d061e562ea07398b6c5989ed2b09598
Traditionalist Youth Network The Traditionalist Youth Network (TYN) is a far-right white nationalist group based in the United States. Established in 2013 by Matthew Heimbach, the group promotes white separatism and a white supremacist view of Christianity. Modeled after the European Identitarian movement, the TYN has held a number of protests and other local events. In 2015, the group established an offshoot political party, the Traditionalist Worker Party, to run in elections for local office.
4a8620b682ec9e62c5fbeed5706c513a
Unite the Right rally The Unite the Right rally (also known as the Charlottesville rally) was a far-right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, from August 11–12, 2017. Its stated goal was to oppose the removal of a statue of Robert E. Lee from Emancipation Park, which itself had been renamed by City Council from <nowiki>"Lee Park"</nowiki> two months earlier. Protesters included white supremacists, white nationalists, neo-Confederates, neo-Nazis, and various militias. Some of the marchers chanted racist and antisemitic slogans, carried semi-automatic rifles, swastikas, Confederate battle flags, anti-Muslim and antisemitic banners, and "Trump/Pence" signs.
1d5c42d74258f98b2d62692654028987
Albert Jay Nock Albert Jay Nock (October 13, 1870 – August 19, 1945) was an American libertarian author, editor first of The Freeman and then The Nation, educational theorist, Georgist, and social critic of the early and middle 20th century. He was an outspoken opponent of the New Deal, and served as a fundamental inspiration for the modern libertarian and Conservative movements, cited as an influence by William F. Buckley, Jr. He was one of the first Americans to self-identify as "libertarian". His best-known books are "Memoirs of a Superfluous Man", and "Our Enemy, the State".