The Parliament of the Klaipėda Region was disbanded after an ultimated was issued just five days after what?
88ee827e60daaf920e314c137ecebe88
Parliament of the Klaipėda Region The Parliament of the Klaipėda Region ("Chamber of Representatives of the Memel Territory", Lithuanian: "Seimelis" ) was the parliament of the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory), an autonomous region of Lithuania. The parliament was established by the Klaipėda Convention of 1924 and the first elections took place in October 1925. In all elections pro-German parties received more than 80% of the vote. The major parties included the Memel Agricultural Party ("Memelländische Landwirtschaftspartei" or MLP), Memel People's Party ("Memelländische Volkspartei" or MVP), and Social Democratic Party of the Memel Territory ("Sozialdemokratische Partei des Memelgebietes" or SPM). The pro-German parliament often clashed with the pro-Lithuanian Klaipėda Directorate (executive branch of local government) and the first three parliaments were dismissed before the end of their full three-year term. The parliament was disbanded after the ultimatum of March 1939 and subsequent Nazi German takeover of the region.
59547d4f2b4fe65ca3450342e366a7b0
1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania was an oral ultimatum presented to Juozas Urbšys, Foreign Minister of Lithuania, by Joachim von Ribbentrop, Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany, on 20 March 1939. The Germans demanded that Lithuania give up the Klaipėda Region (also known as the Memel Territory), which had been detached from Germany after World War I, or the Wehrmacht would invade Lithuania. After years of rising tension between Lithuania and Germany, increasing pro-Nazi propaganda in the region, and continued German expansion, the demand was expected. The ultimatum was issued just five days after the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia. The four signatories of the 1924 Klaipėda Convention, which had guaranteed the protection of the "status quo" in the region, did not offer any material assistance. The United Kingdom and France followed a policy of appeasement, while Italy and Japan openly supported Germany. Lithuania was forced to accept the ultimatum on 22 March. For Germany it was the last territorial acquisition before World War II; for Lithuania it was a major downturn in economy and morale; for Europe it was further escalation in pre-war tensions.
3816c07c4801a6ae1adfdea4474cae75
Nigerien constitutional referendum, 2009 A constitutional referendum was held in Niger on 4 August 2009. The referendum proposed the dissolution of the Fifth Republic and the creation of the Sixth Republic under a fully presidential system of government, offering a yes or no vote on the suspension of the constitution and granting President Mamadou Tandja a three-year interim government, during which the constitution of the Sixth Republic would be formulated. On 20 June, the Constitutional Court declared the plan illegal, but Tandja subsequently assumed emergency powers and dissolved the Court. The events surrounding this election led to a constitutional crisis.
181d49b648d8ca5f2ae1167642947ac3
Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia The Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს რესპუბლიკის უზენაესი საბჭო , "sakartvelos respublikis uzenaesi sabcho") was the highest unicameral legislative body in Georgia elected in the first democratic, multiparty elections in the Caucasus on October 28, 1990 while the country was still part of the Soviet Union. The Council presided over the declaration of Georgia’s independence from the Soviet Union in April 1991. The legislature split into rivaling factions and became defunct after a violent coup d’etat ousted President Zviad Gamsakhurdia in January 1992. A pro-Gamsakhurdia faction managed to convene for a few times in exile and again in Georgia during Gamsakhurdia’s failed attempt to regain power later in 1993. The Supreme Council was succeeded – after a brief parliamentary vacuum filled by the rule of the post-coup Military Council and then the State Council – by the Parliament of Georgia elected in October 1992.
f64bdbb5225c11344d638edb9f0b8d99
Soviet Decree Decrees (Russian: декреты ) were legislative acts of the highest Soviet institutions, primarily of the Council of People's Commissars (the highest executive body) and of the Supreme Soviet or VTsIK (the highest legislative body), issued between 1917 and 1924. Such acts issued after 1924 are referred to as Decisions (Russian: постановление ) or Ukases in Soviet sources.
c04ff3187803e9334effe433aa8e5195
Province No. 5 Province No. 5 is the provisional designation of one of the provinces established by the new constitution of Nepal which was adopted on 20 September 2015. Constitutional amendments proposed in December 2016 would remove six northern hill districts from Province No. 5 and allocate them to Province No. 4 and Province No. 6.
ce3cc2c2cc2607ed3e8bc7ebf0b39f3c
German reunification The German reunification (German: "Deutsche Wiedervereinigung" ) was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR/DDR/East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG/West Germany) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity (German: "Deutsche Einheit" ), celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day) (German: "Tag der deutschen Einheit" ). Following German reunification, Berlin was once again designated as the capital of united Germany.
72eda73af2e17adfca1e9ac2695ba364
General Congress of Bukovina General Congress of Bukovina was a self-proclaimed representative body created in the aftermath of the Romanian military intervention in Bukovina, which proclaimed the union of region with the Kingdom of Romania in 1918.
fe173c68312a771311653568ea2443e4
Klaipėda County Klaipėda County (Lithuanian: "Klaipėdos apskritis" ) is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It lies in the west of the country and is the only county to have a coastline. Its capital is Klaipėda. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Klaipėda County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.
cac9594e608498551f95003bd270774c
Belavezha Accords The Belavezha Accords (Russian: Беловежские соглашения , Belarusian: Белавежскае пагадненне , Ukrainian: Біловезькі угоди ) is the agreement that declared the Soviet Union effectively dissolved and established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in its place. It was signed at the state dacha near Viskuli in Belovezhskaya Pushcha on December 8, 1991, by the leaders of three of the four republics-signatories of the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR — Russian President Boris Yeltsin, Ukrainian president Leonid Kravchuk and Belarusian parliament chairman Stanislav Shushkevich.
932acd09dbc2f2cdf09aca2da1d88229
Union of Krewo In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or Act of Krėva (also Union of Krevo, Act of Kreva) was a set of prenuptial promises made in the Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in exchange for marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland. The act was very limited in scope and in the historiography the term "Union of Krewo" often refers not only to the particular document but to the events of 1385–1386 as a whole. After the negotiations in 1385, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386. The union was a decisive moment in the histories of Poland and Lithuania; it marked a beginning of the four centuries of shared history between the two nations. By 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union grew into a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and lasted until the Third Partition in 1795.
fa41bb1936dc08c8db5cfb1e915cbbf0
Estonian parliamentary election, 1992 Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 20 September 1992, the first after regaining independence from the Soviet Union. The winners, a five-party alliance led by Mart Laar, formed the cabinet together with national-conservative Estonian National Independence Party and centrist Moderates alliance.
d41f88214d9b9a9d963ea7bf3ef179a0
Aleksey Karyakin Aleksey Vyacheslavovych Karyakin (Russian: Алексе́й Вячесла́вович Каря́кин), born 7 April 1980 in Stakhanov is a former Chairman of Supreme Council (parliament) of the unrecognized state of Luhansk People's Republic. He was voted out on 25 March 2016. Karyakin is currently imprisoned by Luhansk People's Republic. He is suspected of attempted murder "of law enforcement officers and military personnel", "international damage to another's property" and "illegal purchase, storage, transportation or carrying of firearms and ammunition".
9f57640e602264470dd3276127c1b485
Government of the 5th Dáil The 5th Dáil was elected at the June 1927 general election on 9 June 1927 and first met on 23 June when the 3rd Executive Council was appointed. The 5th Dáil was the shortest Dáil in history lasting only 98 days.
9ae180ba20a3b2a31ebe2d63e9e0298c
The Barricades The Barricades (Latvian: "Barikādes" ) were a series of confrontations between Latvia and forces loyal to the Soviet Union in January 1991 which took place mainly in Riga. The events are named for the popular effort of building and protecting barricades from 13 January until about 27 January. Latvia, which had declared restoration of independence from the Soviet Union a year earlier, anticipated that Soviet Union might attempt to regain control over the country by force. After attacks by the Soviet OMON on Riga in early January, the government called on people to build barricades for protection of possible targets (mainly in the capital city of Riga and nearby Ulbroka, as well as Kuldīga and Liepāja). Six people were killed in further attacks, several were wounded in shootings or beaten by OMON. Most victims were shot during the Soviet attack on the Latvian Ministry of the Interior on January 20. One other person died in a building accident reinforcing the barricades. Casualties among Soviet loyalists are considered likely, but the exact number remains unknown. A total of 15,611 people have registered as having been participants of the Barricades.
c23fa65825facda6adbb7d3801303deb
State Council of the Republic of Adygea State Council of the Republic of Adygea (Russian: Законодательное Собрание (Хасэ) Республики Адыгея ; Adyghe: Хасэ ; "Khase") is the unicameral parliament of the Republic of Adygea (a federal subject of Russia). It succeeded the Legislative Assembly in 1996, which in turn succeeded the Supreme Soviet in 1993. In 2001-2006, it was composed of the Council of Representatives and the Council of the Republic, both of which were elected every five years. There were twenty-seven representatives in each. In 2006 the State Council became unicameral again.
7c0d8bc0d93ce32fb5ef276e6f60187b
Battle of Saule The Battle of Saule (Lithuanian: "Saulės mūšis" or "Šiaulių mūšis" ; German: "Schlacht von Schaulen" ; Latvian: "Saules kauja" ) was fought on 22 September 1236, between the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and pagan Samogitians. Between 48 and 60 knights were killed, including the Livonian Master, Volkwin. It was the earliest large-scale defeat suffered by the orders in Baltic lands. The Sword-Brothers, the first Catholic military order established in the Baltic lands, was soundly defeated and its remnants accepted incorporation into the Teutonic Order in 1237. The battle inspired rebellions among the Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Oeselians, tribes previously conquered by the Sword-Brothers. Some thirty years' worth of conquests on the left bank of Daugava were lost. To commemorate the battle, in 2000 the Lithuanian and Latvian parliaments declared September 22 to be the Day of Baltic Unity.
30571e9f77540e5c5f16f880fe8003c7
Lwów pogrom (1918) The Lwów pogrom (Polish: "pogrom lwowski" , German: "Lemberg pogrom" ) was a pogrom of the Jewish population of the city of Lwów (since 1945 Lviv, Ukraine) that took place on November 21–23, 1918 during the Polish–Ukrainian War, in the aftermath of World War I. The Ukrainian National Council proclaimed the formation of the Ukrainian Republic on November 1, 1918 with Lviv as its capital. The Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland declared Poland's independence a week later and formed the government on 14 November 1918. The battle of Lwów lasted until 21 November 1918. In the course of the following three days of unrest in the city, an estimated 52–150 Jewish residents were killed and hundreds injured, with widespread looting carried out by Polish soldiers, and those only pretending to be so, as well as lawless civilians, and local criminals. According to Norman Davies, two hundred and seventy more Ukrainians were killed during this time as well; historian Christoph Mick stated that not a single Ukrainian was murdered. The Poles did not stop the pogrom until two days after it began. Over a thousand people, including some soldiers, were arrested by Polish authorities during and after the pogrom. Some early accounts of the pogrom, listing multiple thousands of casualties, were likely exaggerated.
49b7b6d4052691fb1e2f68f7dd05e698
Lithuanian Soviet withdrawal referendum, 1992 A referendum on the withdrawal of Soviet troops was held in Lithuania on 14 June 1992. Voters were asked whether Soviet troops (which by the time of the referendum had become Russian troops) should unconditionally and immediately withdraw from the country. It was approved by 92.6% of those voting and 69.0% of all registered voters, passing the 50% threshold.
0c1d07e4eff101d1db592c1b3621c993
People's Seimas The People's Seimas (Lithuanian: "Liaudies Seimas" ) was a puppet legislature organized in order to give legal sanction the occupation and annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union. After the Soviet ultimatum in June 1940, a new pro-Soviet government was formed, known as the People's Government. The new government dismissed the Fourth Seimas and announced elections to the People's Seimas. The elections were heavily rigged, and resulted in a chamber composed entirely of Communists and Communist sympathizers. The new parliament unanimously adopted a resolution proclaiming the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and petitioned for admission to the Soviet Union as a constituent republic. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR accepted the Lithuanian petition on August 3, 1940. The People's Seimas adopted a new constitution, a close copy of the 1936 Soviet Constitution, on August 25 and renamed itself to the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian SSR.
4e48a6ae83b5da2c4815093c53d53e38
Helsinki Accords The Helsinki Accords, Helsinki Final Act, or Helsinki Declaration was the final act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe held in Finlandia Hall of Helsinki, Finland, during July and August 1, 1975. Thirty-five states, including the USA, Canada, and all European states except Albania and Andorra, signed the declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West. The Helsinki Accords, however, were not binding as they did not have treaty status.
0988e00315525607cc443d4c25505cd7
People's Government of Lithuania The People's Government of Lithuania (Lithuanian: "Liaudies vyriausybė" ) was a puppet cabinet installed by the Soviet Union in Lithuania immediately after Lithuania's acceptance of the Soviet ultimatum of June 14, 1940. The formation of the cabinet was supervised by Vladimir Dekanozov, deputy of Vyacheslav Molotov and a close associate of Lavrentiy Beria, who selected Justas Paleckis as the Prime Minister and acting President. The government was formed on June 17 and, together with the People's Seimas (parliament), transitioned independent Lithuania to a socialist republic and the 14th republic of the Soviet Union thus legitimizing the Soviet occupation of Lithuania. The People's Government was replaced by the Council of People's Commissars of the Lithuanian SSR on August 25. Similar transitional People's Governments were formed in Latvia (Prime Minister Augusts Kirhenšteins supervised by Andrey Vyshinsky) and Estonia (Prime Minister Johannes Vares supervised by Andrei Zhdanov).