The adopted son and heir of the founder of the Roman Principate was given what name at birth?
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Gaius Caesar Gaius Caesar (20BC – 21 February 4AD), formally Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: "Caius Caesar Augustus filius"), was the adopted son and heir of Augustus. He was born the son of Augustus' trusted friend and general, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. His name at birth was Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa, but it later changed to Gaius Julius Caesar, following his adoption out of the "Vipsanii" and into the "Julii" by Augustus. He along with his brother Lucius, born in 17BC, were intended to rule the Roman Empire together.
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Augustus Augustus (Latin: "Imperātor Caesar Dīvī Fīlius Augustus" ; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Roman emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He was born Gaius Octavius into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian "gens" Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as his adopted son and heir, then known as Octavianus (Anglicized as Octavian). He, Mark Antony, and Marcus Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at the Battle of Philippi, the Triumvirate divided the Roman Republic among themselves and ruled as military dictators. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members. Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian in 31 BC.
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Lucius Iulius Maelo Caudicus Lucius Iulius Maelo Caudicus, born in 10 B.C., in the Olisipo region of Granja dos Serrões. The name "Caudicus" indicates an indigenous origin, who came to importance as the duumviri of Olisipo, and later, the flamen of the cult of Augustus.
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Divi filius Divi filius is a Latin phrase meaning "son of a god", and was a title much used by the Emperor Augustus, the grand-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar.
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Antonia Minor Antonia Minor ("PIR" A 885), also known as Julia Antonia Minor, Antonia the Younger or simply Antonia (31 January 36 BC - September/October AD 37) was the younger of two daughters of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor. She was a niece of the Emperor Augustus, sister-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and Empress Agrippina the Younger, mother of the Emperor Claudius, and both maternal great-grandmother and paternal great-aunt of the Emperor Nero. She was additionally the maternal great-aunt of the Empress Valeria Messalina and Faustus Cornelius Sulla Felix, the paternal grandmother of Claudia Antonia, Claudia Octavia, and Britannicus and the maternal grandmother of Julia Livia and Tiberius Gemellus.
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Titus (praenomen) Titus ( ; ] ) is a Latin "praenomen", or personal name, and was one of the most common names throughout Roman history. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic "gens Titia". The feminine form is "Tita" or "Titia". It was regularly abbreviated T.
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Adoption in ancient Rome In ancient Rome, adoption of boys was a fairly common procedure, particularly in the upper senatorial class. The need for a male heir and the expense of raising children and the Roman inheritance rules ("Lex Falcidia") strictly demanding legitimes were strong incentives to have at least one son, but not too many children. Adoption, the obvious solution, also served to cement ties between families, thus fostering and reinforcing alliances. Adoption of girls, however, was much less common.
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Early life of Augustus The early life of the Roman Emperor Augustus began at his birth in Velletri on September 23, 63 BC, and is considered to have ended around the assassination of the Dictator Julius Caesar, his great-uncle and adoptive father, on March 15, 44 BC.
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Claudia Augusta Claudia Augusta (] ; January 63 – April 63) was the only daughter of the Roman Emperor Nero by his second wife Roman Empress Poppaea Sabina. She was born in Antium (Anzio) on 21 January 63.
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Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus was a name used by Roman men during the early Roman Empire. They were descendants of Orfitus who was adopted by Servius Cornelius Scipio, an otherwise unknown member of the patrician branch of the Cornelii Scipiones.
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Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus Gaius Julius Alexander Berenicianus (Greek: Γαίος Ιούλιος Αλέξανδρος Βερενικιανός , about 75 – about 150) was a Cilician Prince and second-born son to King Gaius Julius Alexander and Queen Julia Iotapa of Cetis. His eldest brother was Gaius Julius Agrippa and his younger sister was Julia Iotapa.
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Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (Latin: CAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR, ] , born: 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), usually called Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. He is also known as a notable author of Latin prose.
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Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus IV Epiphanes ( ; Ancient Greek: Ἀντίοχος Δ΄ ὁ Ἐπιφανής , "Antíochos D' ho Epiphanḗs", "God Manifest"; c. 215 BC – 164 BC) was a Hellenistic Greek king of the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He was a son of King Antiochus III the Great. His original name was Mithradates (alternative form "Mithridates"); he assumed the name Antiochus after he ascended the throne.
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Claudia Marcella Claudia Marcella was the name of the two daughters of Octavia Minor, the sister of Roman emperor Augustus, by her first husband, the consul Gaius Claudius Marcellus. According to the Roman Historian Suetonius, they were known as The Marcellae sisters, and they are also known as the two Marcellae. The sisters were born in Rome. Between 40 BC-36 BC, they lived with their mother and their stepfather Triumvir Mark Antony in Athens, Greece. After 36 BC they accompanied their mother when she returned to Rome with their siblings. They were raised and educated by their mother, their maternal uncle, Roman emperor Augustus, and their maternal aunt-in-marriage Roman Empress Livia Drusilla. These two daughters of Octavia Minor and Gaius Claudius Marcellus with their siblings, provide a critical link between the past of the Roman Republic and the new Roman Empire. The marriages of the sisters and the children born to their unions assured republican family lines into the next generation.
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Vipsania Marcella Vipsania Marcella Agrippina or Marcellina or Vipsania Tertia (born 27 BC or later) was perhaps the only daughter of Roman statesman Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa by his second wife Claudia Marcella Major. If so, she was the first grandchild to Octavia Minor and first great-niece to Roman Emperor Augustus. If she truly had the name Marcella, there is no way that she was a daughter of Agrippa's first wife, Caecilia Attica. She and her elder sisters Vipsania Agrippina were married off to Q. Haterius (cos. 5 BC), Publius Quinctilius Varus (cos. 13 BC) and Tiberius (also cos. 13 BC) respectively. Nepos "Att". 19 records the birth of Tiberius's future wife before the death of Atticus. She and Haterius had a son, Q. Haterius Agrippa, who was consul in AD 22 at a youthful age (probably the legal minimum 33 with a ten-year dispensation as a grandson of Agrippa).
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Sulpicius Florus Sulpicius Florus was a 1st-century Briton who served as an auxiliary infantryman in the Roman Army. He was given Roman citizenship by the emperor Galba and adopted his benefactor's "gentile" name, Sulpicius. However, he took part in Otho's coup against Galba in 69, and was one of the murderers of Galba's heir, Lucius Calpurnius Piso Licinianus.
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Ptolemy (name) The name Ptolemy or Ptolemaeus comes from the Greek "Ptolemaios", which seems to mean "warlike" or "son of war". There have been many people named Ptolemy or Ptolemaeus, the most famous of whom are the Greek-Egyptian astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus, and the Macedonian founder and ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt, Ptolemy I Soter. The following sections summarise the history of the name, some of the people named Ptolemy, and some of the other uses of this name.
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Amatius Amatius (also referred to as Herophilus, Chamates, or Pseudo-Marius) (died 13 April 44 BC) was a man who claimed to be the son of Gaius Marius the Younger, and therefore the grandson of the famous Roman general Gaius Marius. He was murdered on the orders of Mark Antony following the assassination of Julius Caesar.
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Adiatorix Adiatorix (Gr. Ἀδιατόριξ ) was the son of the tetrarch Domneclius (or Domnilaus) in Galatia. Cicero reports that he was a high priest in 50 BC, and scholars have reckoned him an adherent of Deiotarus. He belonged to Mark Antony's party, and was put in charge of Heraclea Pontica by him. Shortly before the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Adiatorix had all the Romans colonists in Heracleia put to death. He claimed he had been given permission to do so by Mark Antony, but modern writers consider this doubtful. After this battle he was led as prisoner in the triumph of Augustus, and put to death with his younger son. His elder son, Dyteutus, was subsequently made priest of Bellona in Comana, and therefore ruler of that territory.
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Sextus Tarquinius Sextus Tarquinius was the third and youngest son of the last king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud). According to Roman tradition, his rape of Lucretia was the precipitating event in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Roman Republic.
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Augustus (Williams novel) Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, the young future-emperor was adopted by his great-uncle, Julius Caesar, after demonstrating promising wit and skill. After his great-uncle's assassination, Augustus (at this time known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus) took vengeance upon Caesar's murderers, and through tactical political moves, became one of Rome's three “Triumvirs" alongside Marc Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. After defeating the other two triumvirs, and obtaining sole power over the Roman State, Augustus (known as "Imperator" Caesar Divi Filius), began taking measures to secure and increase his power. As a result, Augustus gave orders to exterminate Cleopatra's teenaged son, allegedly commenting, "too many Caesars is no good thing." (As it was the common belief that her son was of Julius Caesar's bloodline.) In light of such orders, Cleopatra and Marc Antony—lovers at the time—committed suicide.
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Vetranio Vetranio (Latin: "Flavius Vetranio Augustus" ; died c. 356), sometimes incorrectly referred to as Vetriano, was a Roman soldier and statesman, a native of the province of Moesia (in modern Serbia). He was an experienced soldier and officer when he was asked by Constantina, the sister of Roman Emperor Constantius II, to proclaim himself Caesar (March 1, 350). Her brother Constans had been killed by Magnentius earlier that year and she probably thought Vetranio could protect her family and herself against the usurper. Vetranio accepted, and coins were minted in his name, showing the title of Augustus (full emperor), rather than Caesar, and the coins indicated that he expected to rule for five years, and hoped for ten. Constantius first seemed to accept the new Emperor and his regalia and sent him money to raise an army. Vetranio frequently asked Constantius for money and military aid to fight Magnentius; he also sent letters to the emperor professing his loyalty to him. When negotiations deadlocked, Magnentius and Vetranio made an alliance; they sent an embassy to the emperor. The ambassadors met with the emperor in Heraclea in Thrace. Magnentius offered to marry his daughter to Constantius and to marry Constantia the emperor's sister, in turn. But first, they required that the emperor lay down his arms and accept the honor as senior emperor. Constantius rejected their offer.