In what kingdom that is bordered by Epirus to the west, Paeonia to the north, Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south did the Trocmi tribe reside?
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Trocmi The Trocmii or Trocmi were one of the three ancient tribes of Galatia in central Asia Minor, together with the Tolistobogii and Tectosages, part of the possible Celtic group who moved from Macedonia into Asia Minor in the early third century BCE.
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Macedonia (ancient kingdom) Macedonia or Macedon ( , ] , Greek: Μακεδονία , "Makedonía ") was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal Argead dynasty, which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties. Home to the ancient Macedonians, the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula, and bordered by Epirus to the west, Paeonia to the north, Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south.
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Thracian treasure The Thracians (Bulgarian: Траки , Ancient Greek: Θρᾷκες , Latin: "Thraci" ) were a group of Indo-European tribes inhabiting a large area in Central and Southeastern Europe, centred in modern Bulgaria. They were bordered by the Scythians to the north, the Celts and the Illyrians to the west, the Greeks to the south, and the Black Sea to the east.
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Caucones The Caucones (Greek: Καύκωνες , "Kaukones") were an autochthonous tribe of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) whose migrations brought them to the western Greek mainland in Arkadia, Triphylian Pylos, and north into Elis. Their etymology suggests strong affinities with the Caucasos Mountains originally. Russian KAVKAZ for Caucasus is attached to the two mountain ranges that serve as a ‘spine’ or backbone between the northern and southern regions dividing Europe from Asia. Kaz-Kaz people known from the written Hittite tablets, indeed, lived along the southern shore of the Black Sea, exactly where the Homeric "Iliad" placed the Kaukônes.1 According to Herodotus and other classical writers, they were displaced or absorbed by the immigrant Bithynians, who were a group of clans from Thrace that spoke an Indo-European language. Thracian Bithynians also expelled or subdued the Mysians, and some minor tribes, the Mariandyni alone maintaining themselves in cultural independence, in the northeast of what became Bithynia. Strabo (12.3.3) acknowledges that in earlier times Bithynians were called Mysians who, in turn, Herodotus (7.20, 75) says alongside Teucrians were invaders of northern Greece (Thessaly) before the Trojan War.
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Kingdom of Cappadocia The Kingdom of Cappadocia was a Hellenistic-era Iranian kingdom centered in the historical region of Cappadocia in Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). It developed from the former Achaemenid satrapy of Cappadocia, and it was founded by its last satrap, Ariarathes (later Ariarathes I). Throughout its history, it was ruled by three families in succession; the House of Ariarathes (331-96 BC), the House of Ariobarzanes (96 BC-36 BC), and lastly that of Archelaus (36 BC-17 AD). In 17 AD, following the death of Archelaus, during the reign of Roman emperor Tiberius (14-37), the kingdom was incorporated as a Roman province.
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Maedi The Maedi (also "Maidans", "Maedans", or "Medi"), (Ancient Greek Μαῖδοι) were a Thracian tribe, which in historic times, occupied the area between Paionia and Thrace, on the southwestern fringes of Thrace, along the middle course of the Strymon, between the Kresna Gorge and the Rupel Pass (present-day south-western Bulgaria).
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Paion (Thrace) Paion (Ancient Greek: Παιών ) was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, on the north coast of the Chersonesos.
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Despotate of the Morea The Despotate of the Morea (Greek: Δεσποτᾶτον τοῦ Μορέως ) or Despotate of Mystras (Greek: Δεσποτᾶτον τοῦ Μυστρᾶ ) was a province of the Byzantine Empire which existed between the mid-14th and mid-15th centuries. Its territory varied in size during its existence but eventually grew to include almost all the southern Greek peninsula known as the Peloponnese, which was known as the Morea during the medieval and early modern periods. The territory was usually ruled by one or more sons of the current Byzantine emperor, who were given the title of "despotes" (in this context it should not be confused with despotism). Its capital was the fortified city of Mystras, near ancient Sparta, which became an important centre of the Palaiologan Renaissance.
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Odomanti Odomanti or Odomantes (Ancient Greek: Ὀδόμαντες ) were an ancient Thracian tribe. Some regard it as Paeonian, while others claim, that the tribe was with certainty Thracian. The Odomanti are noted by Herodotus, Thucydides, Stephanus of Byzantium and Pliny the Elder.
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Ionia Ionia (Ancient Greek: Ἰωνία or Ἰωνίη) is an ancient region of central coastal Anatolia in present-day Turkey, the region nearest İzmir, which was historically Smyrna. It consisted of the northernmost territories of the Ionian League of Greek settlements. Never a unified state, it was named after the Ionian tribe who, in the Archaic Period (600–480 BC), settled mainly the shores and islands of the Aegean Sea. Ionian states were identified by tradition and by their use of Eastern Greek.
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Hyrcania Hyrcania ( ) (Greek: "Hyrkania", Old Persian: "Varkâna", Middle Persian: "Gurgān", Akkadian: "Urqananu") is a historical region composed of the land south-east of the Caspian Sea in modern-day Iran, bound in the south by the Alborz mountain range and the Kopet Dag in the east.
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Attica Attica (Greek: Αττική , "Attikḗ" or "Attikī́" ; ] or ] ) is a historical region that encompasses the city of Athens, the capital of present-day Greece. The historical region is centered on the Attic peninsula, which projects into the Aegean Sea. The modern administrative region of Attica is more extensive than the historical region and includes the Saronic Islands, Cythera, and the municipality of Troizinia on the Peloponnesian mainland. The history of Attica is tightly linked with that of Athens, which, from the classical period, was one of the most important cities in the ancient world.
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Thronion Thronion (Greek: Θρόνιον ) or Thronium was an ancient Greek city of the Euboians and Lokrians in Epirus. It is believed to lie somewhere to the south of Vlorë, between the Shushicë River and the sea.
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Opuntian Locris Opuntian Locris or Eastern Locris was an ancient Greek region inhabited by the eastern division of the Locrians, the so-called tribe of the Locri Epicnemidii (Greek: ) or Locri Opuntii (Greek: Λοκροὶ Ὀπούντιοι ).
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Krenides Krenides (Ancient Greek: Κρενίδες ) was an ancient Greek city located in Thrace, located in the region between the river Strymon and the river Nestos.It was founded by colonists from Thasos at 360BC. Krenides was close to Mount Pangaion with its rich gold veins and to another Thasian colony, Datos.The two colonies provoked the Thracians but at the same time gave Phillip II of Macedon the justification for penetrating the area and founding Philippi in 356 BC.Phillip intervened to protect the city when it was threatened by Thracians under Kersobleptes.
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Cetriporis Cetriporis (Greek: Κετρίπορις , an anthroponym from the Thracian language ) was a king of the Odrysian kingdom in western Thrace from c. 352 BC, in succession to his father Berisades, with whom he may already have been a co-ruler. He and his father had entered into an alliance with Athens and the Illyrians against Philip II of Macedonia in 358 BC. As king, Cetriporis controlled only part of the realm, the remainder being in the possession of his rivals and relatives Amadocus II and Cersobleptes. The portion under his sway included coastal areas, the region including Lake Prasias inland of Amphipolis, and the silver mines of Achladochori.
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Costoboci The Costoboci ( ; , Ancient Greek: Κοστωβῶκοι, Κοστουβῶκοι or Κοιστοβῶκοι ) were an ancient people located, during the Roman imperial era, between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dniester. During the Marcomannic Wars the Costoboci invaded the Roman empire in AD 170 or 171, pillaging its Balkan provinces as far as central Greece, until they were driven out by the Romans. Shortly afterwards, the Costoboci's territory was invaded and occupied by Vandal Hasdingi and the Costoboci disappeared from surviving historical sources, except for a mention by the late Roman Ammianus Marcellinus, writing around AD 400 .
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Nicanor of Epirus Nicanor (Greek: Nικάνωρ "Nikā́nōr") of Epirus was a son of Myrton of Epirus, and lived in the 3rd to 2nd centuries BCE. Along with his father, he supported the oppressive and rapacious proceedings of Charops of Epirus in the government of their native country.
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Chamëria Chameria (Albanian: "Çamëria" , Greek: Τσαμουριά "Tsamouriá", Turkish: "Çamlık" ) is a term used today mostly by Albanians for parts of the coastal region of Epirus in southern Albania and northwestern Greece traditionally associated with an Albanian speaking population called Chams. Apart from geographical usages, in contemporary times within Albania the toponym has also acquired irredentist connotations. During the interwar period, the toponym was in common use and the official name of the area above the Acheron river in all Greek state documents. Today it is obsolete in Greek, surviving in some old folk songs. Most of what is called "Chameria" is divided between the Greek regional units of Thesprotia and Preveza, the southern extremity of Albania's Sarandë District and some villages in eastern Ioannina regional unit. As the Greek toponyms "Epirus" and "Thesprotia" have been established for the region since antiquity, and given the negative sentiments towards Albanian irredentism, the term is not used by the locals on the Greek side of the border.
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Hellenistic armies The Hellenistic armies is the term applied to the armies of the successor kingdoms of the Hellenistic period, which emerged after the death of Alexander the Great. After his death, Alexander's huge empire was torn between his successors, the Diadochi (Greek: Διάδοχοι ). During the Wars of the Diadochi, the Macedonian army, as developed by Alexander and Philip II, gradually adopted new units and tactics, further developing Macedonian warfare and improving on the tactics used in the Classical era. The armies of the Diadochi bear few differences from that of Alexander, but during the era of the Epigonoi (Ἐπίγονοι, "Successors"), the differences were obvious, favoring numbers over quality and weight over maneuverability. The limited availability of Greek conscripts in the east led to an increasing dependence on mercenary forces, whereas in the west, Hellenistic armies were continuously involved in wars, which soon exhausted local manpower, paving the way for Roman supremacy. The major Hellenistic states were the Seleucid Empire, Ptolemaic Egypt and the Antigonid kingdom (Macedonia). Smaller states included: Attalid Pergamum, Pontus, Epirus, the Achaean League, the Aetolian League, Syracuse, and other states (like Athens, Sparta etc.).
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Laeaeans The Laeaeans ( ; Ancient Greek: Λαιαῖοι ) were a Paeonian tribe who in the 4th century BC lived adjacent to the Agrianes, another Paeonian tribe, along the upper course of the Strymon river, at the western edge of Thrace. They were not incorporated into the Odrysian state or the Paeonian state, remaining an independent tribe outside the borders of those kingdoms. According to Thucydides, the Laeaeans, along with the Agrianes, the Thracian Dii, and other tribes, joined Sitalkes in his unsuccessful campaign against Perdiccas II of Macedon. The coins issued by the Laeaeans are judged to be of crude workmanship, and seem to be imitations of finer minted coins issued by other neighboring Paeonian tribes such as the Derrones. A typical coin bears the inscription LAIAI ("Laeaeans") on the obverse, and a Pegasus in a double linear square on the reverse. It is unclear whether or not the Laeaeans were conquered by Philip II or Alexander the Great, although their neighbors are recorded by historians such as Arrian as client kings.
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Zagore Zagore (Bulgarian: Загоре , ] ); also "Zagorie", "Zagora", "Zagoria") was a vaguely defined medieval region in what is now Bulgaria. Its name is of Slavic origin and means "beyond [i.e. south of] the [Balkan] mountains". The region was first mentioned as Ζαγόρια in Greek (in an Old Bulgarian translation it was rendered as Загорїа) when it was ceded to the First Bulgarian Empire by the Byzantine Empire during the rule of Tervel of Bulgaria in the very beginning of the 8th century (Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 716). From the context, Zagore can be defined as a region in northeastern Thrace.