When was the Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary died who proclaimed December Constitution?
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December Constitution The December Constitution (German: "Dezemberverfassung") is a set of six acts that served as the constitution of the Cisleithanian half of Austria-Hungary. The acts were proclaimed by Emperor Franz Joseph on December 21, 1867 and functioned as the supreme law of the land until the collapse of the empire in 1918. Five of the Constitution's acts were replaced by the Federal Constitutional Law between 1918 and 1920; the sixth law, a bill of rights, is still in force.
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Franz Joseph I of Austria Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (German: "Franz Josef I." , Hungarian: "I. Ferenc József" , , Romanian: "Francisc Iosif" , Slovene: "Franc Jožef I." , Italian: "Francesco Giuseppe" , Croatian: "Franjo Josip I." ) (18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, King of Bohemia and many others (see grand title of the Emperor of Austria) from 2 December 1848 until his death on 21 November 1916. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation. He was the longest-reigning Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, as well as the third longest-reigning monarch of any country in European history, after Louis XIV of France and Johann II of Liechtenstein.
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Supreme Court of Hungary The Supreme Court of Hungary (Hungarian:" Magyarország Legfelsőbb Bírósága"), also known as the Curia ("Kúria") is the Supreme Court and highest legal authority of Hungary. The Curia was founded in 1949 as the People's Republic of Hungary Supreme Court. The current president of the court is .
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Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria Archduke Ludwig Viktor of Austria (Ludwig Viktor Joseph Anton; 15 May 1842 – 18 January 1919) from the House of Habsburg was the youngest son born to Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria and younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.
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February Patent The February Patent was a constitution of the Austrian Empire promulgated in the form of letters patent on 26 February 1861.
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Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky Count Franz Anton von Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky (] ; Czech: "František Antonín Kolovrat-Libštejnský" ; 31 January 1778 – 4 April 1861) was Bohemian noble and Austrian statesman from the House of Kolowrat. As a moderate liberal politician, he was one of the major opponents of State Chancellor Prince Klemens von Metternich during the "Vormärz" era. In the March Revolution of 1848, Kolowrat became the first constitutional Minister-President of Austria, however, he resigned after one month in office.
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Charter of 1814 The French Charter of 1814 was a constitution granted by King Louis XVIII of France shortly after his restoration. The Congress of Vienna demanded that Louis bring in a constitution of some form before he was restored.
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Franz Stadion, Count von Warthausen Franz Stadion, Graf von Warthausen (27 July 1806 – 8 June 1853), son of the Austrian diplomat Johann Philipp von Stadion. Born in Vienna, he was a statesman who served the Austrian Empire during the 1840s. From 1841 he was Governor of the Austrian Littoral (with its capital at Trieste), from 1847 to 1848 Governor of Galicia (where he freed the peasants from labor duties), and from 1848 to 1849 he was Interior Minister and Minister of Education. He advocated constitutional government, decreed the Imposed March Constitution in March 1849 which was never enacted, and in 1849 promulgated the "Gemeinde" (municipality) legislation that granted governmental autonomy to all municipalities in the Austrian empire. Lewis Namier, in "1848: The Revolution of the Intellectuals" (p. 18), calls him "one of the most enlightened and efficient Austrian administrators."
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List of heirs to the Austrian throne This is a list of people who were heir apparent or heir presumptive to the Archduchy of Austria from when Charles III succeeded to the throne in 1711 to the end of the monarchy in Austria-Hungary in 1918. Those heirs who succeeded are shown in bold.
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Prince William of Baden (1829–1897) Prince Louis "William" Augustus of Baden (German: "Ludwig Wilhelm August Prinz von Baden" ; 18 December 1829 – 27 April 1897) was a Prussian general and politician. He was the father of Prince Maximilian of Baden, the last Minister President of the Kingdom of Prussia and last Chancellor of the German Empire. Wilhelm was a Prince of Baden, and a member of the House of Zähringen.
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House of Lords (Austria) The House of Lords (German: "Herrenhaus" , Czech: "Panská sněmovna" , Italian: "Camera dei signori" , Slovene: "Gosposka zbornica" , Polish: "Izba Panów" ) was the upper house of the Imperial Council, the bicameral legislature of the Austrian Empire from 1861 and of the Cisleithanian (Austrian) half of Austria-Hungary upon the Compromise of 1867. Created by the February Patent issued by Emperor Franz Joseph I on 26 February 1861, it existed until the end of World War I and the dissolution of the Dual Monarchy, when on 12 November 1918 the transitional National Assembly of German-Austria declared it abolished. It was superseded by the Federal Council of the Austrian Parliament implemented by the 1920 Federal Constitutional Law.
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Archduke Joseph August of Austria Archduke Joseph August Viktor Klemens Maria of Austria, Prince of Hungary and Bohemia (9 August 1872 – 6 July 1962) was for a short period head of state of Hungary. He was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, the eldest son of Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria (1833–1905) and his wife Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1846–1927). Joseph August's grandfather had been Palatine Joseph of Hungary (1776–1847), Palatine and Viceroy of Hungary, a younger son of Emperor Leopold II.
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List of Ministers-President of Austria The Minister-President of Austria was the head of government of the Austrian Empire from 1848, when the office was created in the course of the March Revolution. Previously, executive power rested with an Austrian State Council, headed by the Emperor himself, from 1821 under the chairmanship of State Chancellor Prince Klemens von Metternich. The offices of Minister-President was not refilled from 1852, when Emperor Franz Joseph resumed control of the government affairs, and was replaced by a coordinating Chairman of the Austrian Minister's Conference.
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Franz Jonas Franz Josef Jonas (] ; 4 October 1899 – 24 April 1974) was an Austrian political figure. He served as the seventh President of Austria, between 1965 and 1974.
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Treaty of Vienna (1656) The treaty of Vienna, concluded on 1 December 1656, was an Austro–Polish alliance during the Second Northern War. Habsburg emperor Ferdinand III agreed to enter the war on the anti-Swedish side and support the Polish king John II Casimir with 4,000 troops. The treaty was, however, dissatisfying for John II Casimir, who had hoped for more substantial aid, and further ineffective as Ferdinand III died three days after giving his signature. A similar, but more effective alliance was concluded by Ferdinand III's successor Leopold I in the Treaty of Vienna (1657).
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Austrian nobility The Austrian nobility (German: "österreichischer Adel" ) is a status group that was officially abolished in 1919 after the fall of Austria-Hungary. The nobles are still part of Austrian society today, but they no longer retain any specific privileges. Austria's system of nobility was very similar to Germany's (see German nobility), as both countries were previously part of the Holy Roman Empire (962-1806).
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Archduke Wilhelm of Austria Archduke Wilhelm Franz of Austria, later Wilhelm Franz von Habsburg-Lothringen (Ukrainian: pseudonym Василь Вишиваний, Vasyl Vyshyvanyi translation "Basil the Embroidered" ; 10 February 1895 – 18 August 1948) was an Austrian archduke, colonel of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, and poet.
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Frederick William III of Prussia Frederick William III (German: "Friedrich Wilhelm III" ) (3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He ruled Prussia during the difficult times of the Napoleonic Wars and the end of the Holy Roman Empire. Steering a careful course between France and her enemies, after a major military defeat in 1806, he eventually and reluctantly joined the coalition against Napoleon in the "Befreiungskriege". Following Napoleon's defeat he was King of Prussia during the Congress of Vienna which assembled to settle the political questions arising from the new, post-Napoleonic order in Europe. He was determined to unify the Protestant churches, to homogenize their liturgy, their organization and even their architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in the Prussian Union of churches.
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Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (German: "Franz" ; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria, ruling from 1804 to 1835, so later he was named the one and only "Doppelkaiser" (double emperor) in history.
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Order of Elizabeth The Imperial Austrian Order of Elizabeth (German: "Kaiserlich österreichischer Elizabeth-Orden"), founded in 1898 by Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, was an order created for women. The order was the namesake of Saint Elisabeth of Hungary, but it was created to honor and memorialize Franz Joseph's recently-slain wife, Empress-Queen Elisabeth.
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Vincenz Liechtenstein Vincenz Liechtenstein (30 July 1950 in Graz – 14 January 2008 in Deutschfeistritz, Styria) was an Austrian politician (ÖVP). He was a grandson of Charles I of Austria, the last Austrian Emperor. He was born a Prince of Liechtenstein and never renounced his right of succession to that monarchy's throne, but since the nobility in Austria was officially abolished in 1919 after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, he did not use his princely title or honorific ("Serene Highness") in his Austrian civic life.
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Imperial Council (Austria) The Imperial Council (German: "Reichsrat" , Czech: "Říšská rada" , Polish: "Rada Państwa" , Italian: "Consiglio Imperiale" , Slovene: "Državni zbor" ) was the legislature of the Austrian Empire from 1861, and from 1867 the legislature of Cisleithania within Austria-Hungary. It was a bicameral body: the upper house was the House of Lords (German: "Herrenhaus" ), and the lower house was the House of Deputies (German: "Abgeordnetenhaus" ). To become law, bills had to be passed by both houses, signed by the government minister responsible, and then granted royal assent by the Emperor. After having been passed, laws were published in the "Reichsgesetzblatt" (lit. Reich Law Gazette). In addition to the Imperial Council, the fifteen individual crown lands of Cisleithania had their own diets (German: "Landtage" ).