Captain D'Agoust was an officer of the group of Swiss soldiers what have served as guards at European courts since when?
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Captain D'Agoust Captain D'Agoust was an officer of the Swiss Guards, described by Thomas Carlyle in his classic recounting of the French Revolution, as a "cast-iron" individual. On 4 May 1788, fourteen months before the Revolution, the captain, acting on the order of the Court of Versailles, marched the Parliament of Paris out of the Palais de Justice and removed the key from the premises. The event is considered one of the key mileposts on the road to the Revolution.
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Swiss Guards Swiss Guards (French: "Gardes Suisses" ; German: "Schweizergarde" ) are the Swiss soldiers who have served as guards at foreign European courts since the late 15th century.
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Foot Guards In some militaries, foot guards are senior infantry regiments.
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Landwehr Landwehr, or Landeswehr, is a German language term used in referring to certain national armies, or militias found in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Europe. In different context it refers to large-scale, low-strength fortifications. In German, the word means "defence of the country"; but the term as applied to an insurrectional militia is very ancient, and "lantveri" are mentioned in "Baluzii Capitularia", as quoted in Hallam's "Middle Ages", i. 262, 10th edition.
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List of prisons in Switzerland Prisons in Switzerland are operated by the Swiss cantons, who are responsible for law enforcement in Switzerland. As of 2008, Switzerland has 124 prisons according to the Catalogue of Correctional Institutions ("Katalog der Einrichtungen des Freiheitsentzuges") compiled by the Federal Statistical Office; other statistics, which account for various institutions being administratively associated with each other, report 117 prisons. Swiss prisons have a capacity of up to 6,736 detainees total (amounting to 89 detention places per 100,000 inhabitants), including up to 477 women and 105 minors. The detainees are housed in 4,531 single cells, 1,044 cells for multiple persons, 172 security cells, 200 disciplinary cells and 50 infirmary cells.
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Guards' Grave Guards' Grave is a military cemetery near Villers-Cotterêts in northern France, maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission.
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Genoese crossbowmen The Genoese crossbowmen (Italian: "Balestrieri genovesi" ) were a famous military corps of the Middle Ages, which acted both in defence of the Republic of Genoa, and as mercenaries for other Italian or European powers.
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Line regiment The line regiments formed the majority of the regiments in European standing armies in the early 20th century. These were all the regiments that did not have a specialist role - such as guards regiments. They are also often referred to as regiments of the line or, depending on the branch, as "infantry of the line", "line cavalry", etc.
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Seimeni Seimeni (plural of "Seimen") designates the group of flintlock-armed infantry mercenaries charged with guarding the "hospodar" (ruler) and his court in 17th and 18th century Wallachia and Moldavia. They were mostly of Serb and other Balkan origin. The term is of Turkish origin: "seğmen" means "young armed man". In modern transcriptions of Slavonic, it may also appear as "simén" (plural: "siméni") or "siimén" ("siiméni").
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Bandes d'ordonnance Bandes d'ordonnance (French) or Benden van ordonnantie (Dutch) were elite heavy cavalry formations recruited from the aristocracy in the early-modern Low Countries. They were originally formed by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and became an integral part of the military organization of the Low Countries from the mid-fifteenth to late-sixteenth centuries, up to the first years of the Eighty Years' War. They continued to exist into the seventeenth century with far less military importance, although a command in a "Bande d'ordonnance" was still a considerable social distinction.
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Scots Guards The Scots Guards (SG), part of the Guards Division, is one of the Foot Guards regiments of the British Army. Their origins lie in the personal bodyguard of King Charles I of England and Scotland. Its lineage can be traced back to 1642, although it was only placed on the English Establishment (thus becoming part of what is now the British Army) in 1686.
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An officer and a gentleman An officer and a gentleman is a concept and phrase widely used in and about the British armed services from at least the early nineteenth century. The phrase was codified in Article 133 of the US Uniform Code of Military Justice which allows "Conduct unbecoming of an officer and a gentleman" to be punished by a court martial.
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Imperial Guard (Russia) The Russian Imperial Guard, officially known as the Leib Guard (Russian: Лейб-гвардия "leyb-gvardiya", from German "Leib" "Body"; cf. Life Guards / Bodyguard) were military units serving as personal guards of the Emperor of Russia. Peter the Great founded the first such units following the Prussian practice in the 1690s, to replace the politically motivated Streltsy. The Imperial Guard subsequently increased in size and diversity to become an elite corps of all branches within the Imperial Army rather than Household troops in direct attendance on the Tsar. Numerous links were however maintained with the Imperial family and the bulk of the regiments of the Imperial Guard were stationed in and around Saint Petersburg in peacetime.
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Oflag An Oflag (from German: "Offizierslager" ) was a prisoner of war camp for officers only, established by the German Army in both World War I and World War II in accordance with the requirements of the Geneva Convention (1929) (or the 1899 Hague Convention in World War I).
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Nobles of the Robe Under the Old Regime of France, the Nobles of the Robe or Nobles of the Gown (French: "Noblesse de robe" ) were French aristocrats whose rank came from holding certain judicial or administrative posts. As a rule, the positions did not of themselves give the holder a title of nobility, such as baron, count, or duke (but the holder might also hold such a title), but they were almost always attached to a specific function. The offices were often hereditary, and by 1789, most had inherited their positions. The most influential of them were the 1,100 members of the 13 parlements, or courts of appeal. They were distinct from the "Nobles of the Sword" (French: "Noblesse d'épée" ), whose nobility was based on their families' traditional function as the knightly class and whose titles were usually attached to a particular feudal fiefdom, a landed estate held in return for military service. Together with the older nobility, the Nobles of the Robe made up the Second Estate in pre-revolutionary France.
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History of the Scots Guards (1642–1804) This article details the history of the Scots Guards from 1642 to 1804. The Scots Guards (SG) is a regiment of the Guards Division of the British Army. The Scots Guards trace their origins back to 1642 when, by order of King Charles I, the regiment was raised by Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll for service in Ireland, and was known as the Marquis of Argyll's Royal Regiment. It spent a number of years there and performed a variety of duties, but in the mid-1640s, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the regiment took part in the fight against James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose who was fighting on the side of Charles I. In 1646, Montrose left Scotland upon the defeat of the King in England.
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Dutch States Army The Dutch States Army (Dutch: "Staatse leger" ) was the army of the Dutch Republic. It was usually called this, because it was formally the army of the States-General of the Netherlands, the sovereign power of that federal republic. This mercenary army was brought to such a size and state of readiness that it was able to hold its own against the armies of the major European powers of the extended 17th century, Habsburg Spain and the France of Louis XIV, despite the fact that these powers possessed far larger military resources than the Republic. It played a major role in the Eighty Years' War (opposite the Spanish Army of Flanders) and in the wars of the Grand Alliance with France after 1672.
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Caroleans Caroleans (Swedish: "karoliner" ) were the soldiers of the Swedish kings Charles XI and Charles XII whose notable tactics differed from that of Western Europe through a greater reliance upon pikes, rapiers, bayonets and the spirit of the offensive.
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Army of Italy (France) The Army of Italy (French: "Armée d'Italie" ) was a field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself. Though it existed in some form in the 16th century through to the present, it is best known for its role during the French Revolutionary Wars (in which it was one of the early commands of Napoleon Bonaparte, during his Italian campaign) and Napoleonic Wars.
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High Court of Chivalry Her Majesty's High Court of Chivalry is a civil court in English and Welsh law with jurisdiction over matters of heraldry. The court has been in existence since the fourteenth century; however, it rarely sits. The sole judge is now the hereditary Earl Marshal of England, the Duke of Norfolk, though if not a professional lawyer, he normally appoints a professional lawyer as his Lieutenant or Surrogate.
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Swiss Armed Forces The Swiss Armed Forces (German: "Schweizer Armee," French: "Armée suisse," Italian: "Esercito svizzero," Romanisch: "Armada svizra)" operates on land, in the air, and in international waters. Under the country's militia system, professional soldiers constitute about 5 percent of the military and the rest are conscripts or volunteers aged 19 to 34 (in some cases up to 50). Because of Switzerland's long history of neutrality, the armed forces do not take part in conflicts in other countries, but it does participate in international peacekeeping missions. Switzerland is part of the NATO Partnership for Peace programme.
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Askari An askari was a local soldier serving in the armies of the European colonial powers in Africa, particularly in the African Great Lakes, Northeast Africa and Central Africa. The word is used in this sense in English, as well as in German, Italian, Urdu and Portuguese. In French, the word is used only in reference to native troops outside the French colonial empire. The designation is still in occasional use today to informally describe police, gendarmerie and security guards.