What year did Heinrich Himmler join the unit that used the concept of Wehrbauer to refer to soldiers designated as settlers for the lands conquered during the German invasions of the Soviet Union and Poland?
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Wehrbauer Wehrbauer (] , "soldier peasant") was a concept used by the "Schutzstaffel" (SS) of the Nazi Party to refer to soldiers designated as settlers for the lands conquered during the German invasions of the Soviet Union and Poland.
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Schutzstaffel The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes; ] ; literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. It began with a small guard unit known as the "Saal-Schutz" (Hall-Protection) made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929–45), it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From 1929 until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe.
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Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118 "Schutzmannschaft" Battalion 118 of Ukrainische Hilfspolizei was a "Schutzmannschaft" auxiliary police battalion (Schuma) formed by the Nazis in the spring of 1942 in Kiev in "Reichskommissariat Ukraine" (now capital of sovereign Ukraine) with 500 volunteers in three companies. The battalion was split away from the Schuma Battalion 115 with 100 members of the third company of the Ukrainian-only Battalion 115 forming the first company of Battalion 118. Additional two new companies were composed of Ukrainian nationalists from Bukovyna and volunteers from the prisoners-of-war camp for the Soviets captured in Ukraine during Operation Barbarossa. The German commander of the battalion was "Sturmbannführer" Erich Körner.
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Polish I Corps in Russia Polish I Corps in Russia (Polish: "I Korpus Polski w Rosji" ) was a Polish military formation formed in Belarus, in August 1917 in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, from soldiers of Polish origin serving in the Russian Army. Its goal was to defend Poles inhabiting parts of Poland under Russian partitions and support the formation of independent Poland.
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Bruno Müller "Obersturmbannführer" Bruno Müller or Brunon Müller-Altenau (Strasbourg, September 13, 1905 – March 1, 1960, Oldenburg) served as Senior Storm Unit Leader during the Nazi German invasion of Poland. In September 1939, he was put in charge of the "Einsatzkommando" EK 2, attached to "Einsatzgruppe" EG I "" of the Security Police. They were deployed in Poland along with the 14th Army of the Wehrmacht.
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Szebnie concentration camp The Szebnie concentration camp (German: "Lager Szebnie" ) was established during World War II by Germany, within the semi-colonial territory of General Government in the south-eastern part of occupied Poland. It was located near the town of Szebnie approximately 10 km east of Jasło and 42 km south-west of Rzeszów. The facility was constructed in 1940 originally as horse stables for the Wehrmacht, adjacent to a manorial estate where the German officers stationed (photo). Over the course of the camp's operation thousands of people perished there, including Soviet prisoners of war, Polish Jews, non-Jewish Poles, Ukrainians, and Romani people. The charred remains of the camp were entered by the Soviets on
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Lublin Army Lublin Army (Polish: "Armia Lublin" ) was an improvised Polish Army created on September 4, 1939 from the Warsaw Armoured Motorized Brigade and various smaller units concentrated around the cities of Lublin, Sandomierz and upper Vistula river. It was commanded by Maj. Gen. Tadeusz Piskor. Lublin Army was not part of prewar Polish operational plans. It was improvised when it became obvious that quickly advancing Wehrmacht armored and motorized units would reach the Vistula river line.
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Ghetto uprising The ghetto uprisings during World War II were a series of armed revolts against the regime of Nazi Germany between 1941 and 1943 in the newly established Jewish ghettos across Nazi-occupied Europe. Following the German and Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939, Polish Jews were targeted from the outset. Within months inside occupied Poland, the Germans created hundreds of ghettos in which they forced the Jews to live. The new ghettos were part of the German official policy of removing Jews from public life with the aim of economic exploitation. The combination of excess numbers of inmates, unsanitary conditions and lack of food resulted in a high death rate among them.<ref name="edelman/upenn"> </ref> In most cities the Jewish underground resistance movements developed almost instantly, although ghettoization had severely limited their access to resources.
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Panzer-Grenadier-Division Großdeutschland The Panzer Grenadier Division Großdeutschland (also commonly referred to simply as Großdeutschland or Grossdeutschland or Grossdeutschland Division) was an elite combat unit of the German Army ("Heer") that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II. "Großdeutschland" was one of the best-equipped units of the German Army.
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Hauländer Hauländer is a German-language term for German settlers in Prussia and in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their settlement contracts with owners of the land where they founded villages followed practices introduced into Poland by Mennonite immigrants from the Netherlands and Friesland in the 16th and 17th centuries. These contracts specified certain freedoms not enjoyed by serfs. Villages settled under this law were called "Holęndry" or "Olędry", and the inhabitants of such villages were called Olędrzy (singular: Olęder <-- Hauländer), regardless of their ethnicity (i.e., even if they were ethnically Polish or German).
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Battle of Jaworów The Battle of Jaworów (Polish: "bitwa pod Jaworowem" ) was a battle fought between the German forces and elements of the Polish Małopolska Army during the German Invasion of Poland. It took place from 14 to 16 September 1939 in the vicinity of the town of Jaworów. In the effect of a two-day assault, the Polish forces broke through the German line of defence on their way towards the city of Lwów (modern Lviv). The engagement is best known for the destruction of one battalion of three battalions of SS-Germania regiment together with the capture of the heavy equipment of the entire regiment.
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Franz Walter Stahlecker Franz Walter Stahlecker (10 October 1900 – 23 March 1942) was commander of the SS security forces ("Sicherheitspolizei" (SiPo) and the "Sicherheitsdienst" (SD)) for the "Reichskommissariat Ostland" in 1941–42. Stahlecker commanded "Einsatzgruppe A", the most murderous of the four "Einsatzgruppen" (death squads during the Holocaust) active in German-occupied Eastern Europe. He was killed in action by Soviet partisans and was replaced by Heinz Jost.
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1st Panzer Division (Wehrmacht) The 1st Panzer Division (English: 1st Tank Division ) was an elite armoured division in the German Army, the Wehrmacht, during World War II.
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Volksliste The Deutsche Volksliste (German People's List) was a Nazi Party institution whose purpose was the classification of inhabitants of German occupied territories into categories of desirability according to criteria systematized by Heinrich Himmler. The institution was first established in occupied western Poland. Similar institutions were subsequently created in Occupied France and in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine.
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Georgian Legion (1941–45) The Georgian Legion (German: "Georgische Legion" , Georgian: ქართული ლეგიონი , "kartuli legioni") was a military formation of Nazi Germany during World War II, composed of ethnic Georgians. It was formed by Georgian émigrés and prisoners of war, and its declared aim was the eventual restoration of Georgia's independence from the Soviet Union. Some components of the Georgian Legion fell under the operational control of Waffen SS.
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310th Rifle Division (Soviet Union) The 310th Rifle Division was a standard Red Army rifle division formed on July 15, 1941 in Kazakhstan before being sent to the vicinity of Leningrad, where it spent most of the war, sharing a similar combat path with its "sister", the 311th Rifle Division. The soldiers of the division fought until early 1944 to, first, hold open some sort of lifeline to the besieged city, then to break the siege and drive off the besieging German forces. They then participated in the offensive that drove Germany's Finnish allies out of the war. Finally, the division was redeployed to take the fight to the German heartland in the winter and spring of 1945. It ended the war north of Berlin with a very creditable combat record for any rifle division.
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Battle of Kiev (1941) The First Battle of Kiev was the German name for the operation that resulted in a very large encirclement of Soviet troops in the vicinity of Kiev during World War II. This encirclement is considered the largest encirclement in the history of warfare (by number of troops). The operation ran from 7 August to 26 September 1941 as part of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union. In Soviet military history, it is referred to as the Kiev Strategic Defensive Operation, with somewhat different dating of 7 July – 26 September 1941.
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Heerhaufen A Heerhaufen, also Haufen or Haufe, was the name given to unorganised or poorly organised paramilitary troops and auxiliaries in Central Europe during the Early Modern Period. The term is German and is sometimes translated "company" or "troops".
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Soviet partisans in Poland Poland was annexed and partitioned by Germany and the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the invasion of Poland in 1939. In the pre-war Polish territories annexed by the Soviets (Western Ukraine, Western Belarus, Lithuania and Białystok regions, known to Poles as "Kresy") the first Soviet partisan groups were formed in 1941, soon after Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Those groups fought against the Germans, but conflicts with Polish partisans were also common.
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Schutzmannschaft Battalion 107 Schutzmannschaft Battalion 107 (German: "Schutzmannschaftsbataillon 107" ) was a failed unit of Nazi German auxiliary police in semi-colonial General Government during World War II. Created in late 1943 in Volodymyr-Volynskyi (Włodzimierz Wołyński), the battalion did not take part in combat. It was made up of 450 local Poles from Volhynia under the German command, purposed to guard railway lines. In January 1944 the entire battalion deserted, and joined Armia Krajowa in defence of civilians against the wave of massacres of Poles in Volhynia.
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Roland Battalion The 'Roland Battalion (German: "Battalion Ukrainische Gruppe Roland" ), officially known as Special Group Roland, was the subunit under command of the Abwehr special operations unit Lehrregiment "Brandenburg" z.b.V. 800. Along with the Nachtigall Battalion it was one of two military units formed on 25 February 1941 by head of the Abwehr Wilhelm Franz Canaris, which sanctioned the creation of the "Ukrainian Legion" under German command. It was manned primarily by occupied Poland citizens of Ukrainian ethnicity directed to unit by Bandera's OUN orders .
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Staffelführer Staffelführer was one of the first paramilitary ranks used by the German "Schutzstaffel" (SS) in the early years of that group’s existence. The later SS rank of "Staffelführer" traces its origins to the First World War, where the title was used by commanding officers of the "Deutsches Heer"'s "Luftstreitkräfte" aircraft squadrons initially named as "Feldflieger Abteilung" as observation-only units in 1914, and during 1916, became known as "Staffeln".