The Macau Peninsula has a gate built on the northern isthmus, for how long did it serve as a border?
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Macau Peninsula Macau Peninsula is the most populous and historic part of Macau. It has an area of 8.5 km² (4 x ) and is geographically connected to Guangdong province, at the northeast, through an isthmus 200 m wide. The peninsula, together with the city centre of Zhuhai, sits on an island separated from the continent by distributaries of the Pearl River. The Border Gate (; Portuguese: "Portas do Cerco" ) was built on the northern isthmus. At the south, the peninsula is connected to Taipa Island by three bridges, the Friendship Bridge ("Ponte de Amizade"); the Macau-Taipa Bridge ("Ponte Governador Nobre de Carvalho"); and the Sai Van Bridge ("Ponte de Sai Van"). The longest axis extends 4 km from the Border Gate to the southwestern edge, Barra (媽閣嘴). There is a western Inner Harbour (內港), and an eastern Outer Harbour (外港). The 93 m Guia Hill (松山) is the highest point on the peninsula, which is, on an average, 50 to . Many coastal places are reclaimed from sea. The Historic Centre of Macau, which is entirely in the Macau Peninsula, became a World Heritage Site in 2005.
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Portas do Cerco The Portas do Cerco is an area in Nossa Senhora de Fátima, Macau, China. Located on the northern tip of the Macau Peninsula, it is known by its border gate separating Macau from mainland China. The gate was built in 1849 to replace a crumbling wall that was erected in 1573 to mark the border of the Portuguese colony. It was the site of the Passaleão Incident, a clash between the Qing dynasty and the Kingdom of Portugal in 1849 over the death of Macau's governor Ferreira do Amaral. Led by Colonel Mesquita, Portugal won the small battle which led to the extension of Macau's border northwards. At the limit of said expansion, the Portas do Cerco was built with the inscription "A pátria honrai, que a pátria vos contempla" (Portuguese for "Honor your motherland, for your motherland looks over you") on the façade on its inner arch in 1849. For the next 155 years, the gate served as the border between Macau and China.
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Nemuro Strait Nemuro Strait, also called Notsuke Strait and Kunashirsky Strait (Russian: Кунаширский пролив ), is a strait, located at , separating Kunashir Island of the Kuril Islands, Russia (claimed by Japan) from the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaidō, Japan.
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Strait of Tartary Strait of Tartary or Gulf of Tartary (Russian: Татарский пролив ; ; Japanese: 間宮海峡 , "Mamiya kaikyō ", 'Mamiya Strait' ) is a strait in the Pacific Ocean dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin from mainland Asia (South-East Russia), connecting the Sea of Okhotsk on the north with the Sea of Japan on the south. It is 900 km long, 4–20 m (13-66 ft) deep, and 7.3 km wide at the narrowest point.
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Moorish Barracks The Moorish Barracks (; Portuguese: "Edifício da Capitania dos Portos" ) is a historical barracks in São Lourenço, Macau, China.
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Great Wall of China The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built 220–206 BC by Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).
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Siege of Porto The Siege of Porto is considered the period between July 1832 and August 1833 in which the troops of Dom Pedro remained besieged by the forces of Dom Miguel I of Portugal.
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Fortifications of the inner German border The fortifications of the inner German border comprised a complex system of interlocking fortifications and security zones 1381 km long and several kilometres deep, running from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia. The outer fences and walls were the most familiar and visible aspect of the system for Western visitors to the border zone, but they were merely the final obstacle for a would-be escapee from East Germany. The complexity of the border system increased steadily until it reached its full extent in the early 1980s. The following description and the accompanying diagram describe the border as it was around 1980.
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Military Frontier The Military Frontier was a province straddling the southern borderland of the Habsburg Monarchy and later the Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empire. It acted as the "cordon sanitaire" against incursions from the Ottoman Empire.
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History of Macau Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China. Macau became a colony of the Portuguese empire in 1557. It was lent to Portugal as a trading post but remained under Chinese authority and sovereignty. Self-administration was next achieved in the 1840s. When the Qing dynasty and Portugal signed the Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking in 1887, the treaty terms made Macau a Portuguese territory again until 1999, when it was handed over to China. Macau was the last extant European territory in continental (on-shore) Asia.
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Johor–Singapore Causeway The Johor–Singapore Causeway (, Malay: "Tambak Johor" ) is a 1,056-metre causeway that links the city of Johor Bahru in Malaysia across the Straits of Johor to the town of Woodlands in Singapore. It serves as a road and rail link, as well as water piping into Singapore.
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List of isthmuses This list of isthmuses is an appendix to the article "isthmus". The list is sorted by the region of the world in which the isthmus is located. An isthmus ( or ; plural: isthmuses; from Ancient Greek: ἰσθμός  "isthmos"  "neck" ) is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water that otherwise separates them. A tombolo is an isthmus that consists of a spit or bar.
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Mavis Grind Mavis Grind (Old Norse: "Mæfeiðs grind" or "Mæveiðs grind ", meaning "gate of the narrow isthmus" ) is a narrow isthmus joining the Northmavine peninsula to the rest of the island of Shetland Mainland in the Shetland Islands, UK. It is just 33 m wide at its narrowest point.
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Taman Peninsula The Taman Peninsula (Russian: Тама́нский полуо́стров , "Tamanskiy poluostrov"), a peninsula in the present-day Krasnodar Krai of Russia, borders on the north with the Sea of Azov, on the west with the Strait of Kerch and on the south with the Black Sea. The area has evolved over the past two millennia from a chain of islands into today's peninsula. In ancient times the Pontic Greek colonies of Hermonassa and Phanagoria stood on the peninsula, as did the later city of Tmutarakan.
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Isthmus of Ak-Monay Isthmus of Ak-Monay (Russian: Ак-Монайский перешеек , Ukrainian: Ак-Монайський перешийок , Crimean Tatar: Aq Manay boynu, Акъ Манай бойну ) or Isthmus of Parpach (Russian: Парпачский перешеек ) - restriction to 17 km of the Crimea Peninsula between Gulf of Feodosia (Black Sea) on South and Sivash and Bay of Arabat (Sea of Azov) on North. The isthmus connecting Kerch Peninsula to the mainland of Crimea.
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Great Clearance The Great Clearance, also translated as the Great Evacuation or Great Frontier Shift, refers to two edicts by the Kangxi Emperor of Qing (1644–1912), and his regent Oboi, in 1661 and 1662. It required the evacuation of the coastal areas of Guangdong in order to fight the Taiwan-based anti-Qing loyalist movement of the erstwhile Ming dynasty (1368–1644). Other provinces in southern China, including Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian, as well as Shandong in the north, were also affected to varying degrees. The ban on human settlement of those coastal areas was lifted in 1669, and some residents were allowed to return.
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Johor Sultanate The Sultanate of Johor (or sometimes Johor-Riau or Johor-Riau-Lingga or Johor Empire) was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shah's son, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II in 1528. Johor was part of the Malaccan Sultanate before the Portuguese conquered Malacca's capital in 1511. At its height, the sultanate controlled modern-day Johor, Riau, and territories stretching from the river Klang to the Linggi and Tanjung Tuan, Muar, Batu Pahat, Singapore, Pulau Tinggi and other islands off the east coast of the Malay peninsula, the Karimun islands, the islands of Bintan, Bulang, Lingga and Bunguran, and Bengkalis, Kampar and Siak in Sumatra. During the colonial era, the mainland part was administered by the British, and the insular part by the Dutch, thus breaking up the sultanate into Johor and Riau. In 1946, the British section became part of the Malayan Union. Two years later, it joined the Federation of Malaya and subsequently, the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. In 1949, the Dutch section became part of Indonesia.
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Battle of Shancaowan The Battle of Shancaowan (), also known as Battle of Veniaga Island (Portuguese:"Batalha da Ilha da Veniaga") was a naval battle between the Ming dynasty coast guard and a Portuguese fleet led by Martim Afonso de Mello that occurred in 1522. The Ming court threatened to expel Portuguese traders from China after receiving news that the Malacca Sultanate, a Ming tributary, had been invaded by the Portuguese. In addition, Portuguese pirates had been conducting slave raids on the Chinese coast, kidnapping children to sell in Portuguese Malacca, which received widespread condemnation by the common people and the court. Portuguese traders were executed in China and the Portuguese embassy was arrested, with their freedom promised on the condition that the Portuguese released and returned Malacca to its sultan. Martim Afonso de Mello arrived at the Pearl River but was blockaded by a Ming fleet. After two weeks without being able to gain a foothold in China they decided to run the blockade and managed to escape with the loss of two ships and several dozen men. The battle was fought off the northwestern coast of Lantau Island, Hong Kong at a location called Sai Tso Wan today.
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Straits of Johor The Johore Strait (also known as the Tebrau Strait, Straits of Johor, Selat Johor, Selat Tebrau, and Tebrau Reach) is an international strait in Southeast Asia, between Singapore and mainland Malaysia.
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Governor of Macau The Governor of Macau (Portuguese: "Governador de Macau" ; ) was a Portuguese colonial official who headed the colony of Macau, before 1623 called Captain-major (Portuguese: "Capitão-mor" ). The post was replaced on 20 December 1999 upon the transfer of the sovereignty of Macau to the People's Republic of China by the office of the Chief Executive of Macau.
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Tartary Tartary (Latin: "Tartaria") or Great Tartary (Latin: "Tartaria Magna") was a name used from the Middle Ages until the twentieth century to designate the great tract of northern and central Asia stretching from the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, settled mostly by Turko-Mongol peoples after the Mongol invasion and the subsequent Turkic migrations.
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Northern Silk Road The Northern Silk Road is a prehistoric trackway in northern China originating in the early capital of Xi'an and extending north of the Taklamakan Desert to reach the ancient kingdoms of Parthia, Bactria and eventually Persia and Rome. It is the northern-most branch of several Silk Roads providing trade, military movements and cultural exchange between China and the west. The use of this route was expanded pursuant to actions by the Han Dynasty in the latter part of the first millennium BC to push back northern tribes and control the safe passage of Chinese troops and merchants.