Who lived longer, Al-Ghazali or Averroes (Ibn Rushd)?
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Al-Ghazali Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī ( ; Arabic: أبو حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالي‎ ‎ ;  1058 – 19 December 1111), shortened as Al-Ghazali in Arabic or Ghazali in Persian and known as Algazelus or Algazel to the Western medieval world, was a Persian theologian, jurist, philosopher, and mystic.
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Averroes Ibn Rushd (Arabic: ‎ ‎ ; 14 April 1126 – 10 December 1198), full name (Arabic: أبو الوليد محمد ابن احمد ابن رشد‎ , "ʾAbū l-Walīd Muḥammad Ibn ʾAḥmad Ibn Rushd " ‎ ), often Latinized as Averroes ( ), was a medieval Andalusian polymath. He wrote on logic, Aristotelian and Islamic philosophy, theology, the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, psychology, political and Andalusian classical music theory, geography, mathematics, and the mediæval sciences of medicine, astronomy, physics, and celestial mechanics. Ibn Rushd was born in Córdoba, Al Andalus (present-day Spain), and died at Marrakesh in present-day Morocco. His body was interred in his family tomb at Córdoba. The 13th-century philosophical movement in Latin Christian and Jewish tradition based on Ibn Rushd's work is called Averroism.
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Muhammad Abdolrahman Ali ibn Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman was a prominent Persian physician who is thought to have lived in the 17th century.
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Battle of Hamra al-Asad The Battle of Hamra al-Assad (Arabic: غزوة حمراء الأسد‎ ‎ ), was a Ghazawat, a battle in which the Islamic prophet Muhammad took part. It occurred in 625 AD (3 AH) after the Battle of Uhud, when the Quraysh were returning to Mecca.
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Faizi Shaikh Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak, popularly known by his pen-name, Faizi (20 September 1547–15 October 1595) was an Arab poet and scholar of late medieval India. In 1588, he became the "Malik-ush-Shu'ara" (poet laureate) of Akbar's Court. He was the elder brother of Akbar's historian Abul Fazl. Akbar highly recognised the genius in him and appointed him tutor for his sons and gave place to him among his decorative 'Navaratnas'.
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Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani in Arabic خالد بن يزيد الشيباني was an Arab general and governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, active in the second quarter of the 9th century.
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Hammad al-Harrani Hammad al-Harrani or Abu al-Thana' Hammad ibn Hibat Allah ibn Hammad ibn al-Fudayl al-Harrani al-Hanbali (Arabic: حماد الحراني ) was a Muslim scholar, poet, merchant and traveler who left his home town Harran to live in Alexandria under the reign of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi. Both towns were dominated by Hanbali school. However, he came back to Harran and died there in 598 AH/1202 AD. He is the author of a lost history of Harran and compiled poems.
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Abu Muslim Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khorasani or al-Khurasani (Arabic: أبو مسلم عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الخراساني‎ ‎ born 718-19 or 723-27, died in 755), born Vehzādān Pūr-i Vandād Hormoz (Persian: وهزادان پور ونداد هرمزد‎ ‎ ), was a Persian general in service of the Abbasid dynasty, who led the Abbasid Revolution that toppled the Umayyad dynasty.
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Ahmad ibn Harb Ahmad ibn Harb al-Nisaburi was a noted ascetic of Nishapur, a reliable traditionist and a fighter in the holy wars. He visited Baghdad in the time of Ahmad ibn Hanbal and taught there; he died in 234 (849) at the age of 85.
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Said al-Andalusi Ṣāʿid al‐Andalusī (1029–1070) was an Andalusi Muslim Qadi. He was born at Almería and died at Toledo. Said Al-Andalusi was a historian, philosopher of science and thought, and mathematical scientist with a special interest in astronomy. As an acclaimed Qadi in the functionary court at Toledo, he assembled a well-educated group of young, precision instrument makers, astronomers and scientists, the most renowned of whom was Al-Zarqali. He was the author of the treatise "Rectification of Planetary Motions and Exposition of Observers' Errors" and contributed to the Tables of Toledo.
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Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas Saʿd ibn Abī Waqqās (Arabic: سعد بن أبي وقاص‎ ‎ ) was of the companions of the Islamic prophet. Sa'd was the seventeenth person to embrace Islam at the age of seventeen. He is mainly known for his commandership in the conquest of Persia in 636, governorship over it, and diplomatic sojourns to China in 651.
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Ibn Hawqal Muḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal (Arabic: محمد أبو القاسم بن حوقل‎ ‎ , born in Nisibis, Upper Mesopotamia; travelled 943-969 CE) was a 10th-century Muslim Arab writer, geographer, and chronicler. His famous work, written in 977, is called "Ṣūrat al-’Arḍ" (صورة الارض; "The face of the Earth"). The date of his death is not precisely known. On the basis of his writings, he died after 368 H / 978 C.E.
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Rashidun al-Suri Rashidun al-Suri (Arabic: رشيد الدين الصوري‎ ‎ , 1177–1241) was a leading physician and botanist in the Islamic world in the 13th century. He served the leading figures of the Ayyubid dynasty.
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Chazal Chazal or Ḥazal (Hebrew: חז"ל‎ ), an acronym for the Hebrew "Ḥakhameinu Zikhram Liv'rakha" (, "Our Sages, may their memory be blessed"), refers to all Jewish sages of the Mishna, Tosefta and Talmud eras, spanning from the times of the final 300 years of the Second Temple of Jerusalem until the 6th century CE, or c. 250 BCE – c. 625 CE.
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Jabir ibn Aflah Abū Muḥammad Jābir ibn Aflaḥ (Arabic: أبو محمد جابر بن أفلح‎ ‎ , Latin: "Geber/Gebir" ; 1100–1150) was a Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Seville, who was active in 12th century al-Andalus. His work "Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭi" (Correction of the "Almagest") influenced Islamic, Jewish and Christian astronomers.
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Reccared (disambiguation) Reccared I (559–601) was Visigothic King of Hispania, Septimania and Galicia.
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Judah ibn Verga Judah ibn Verga (Hebrew: יהודה אבן וירגה) was a Spanish historian, kabalist, perhaps also mathematician, and astronomer, of the 15th century, born at Seville. He is supposed to have been the grandfather (by Eliakim Carmoly, "Revue Orientale," ii. 98, the father) of Solomon ibn Verga, author of the "Shebeṭ Yehudah," and it is this work which furnishes some details of Ibn Verga's life.
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Al-Tirmidhi Abū ‘Īsá Muḥammad ibn ‛Īsá as-Sulamī aḍ-Ḍarīr al-Būghī at-Tirmidhī (Arabic: أبو عيسى محمد بن عيسى السلمي الضرير البوغي الترمذي‎ ‎ ; Persian: ‎ ‎ , "Termezī"; 824 – 9 October 892), often referred to as Imām at-Termezī/Tirmidhī, was a Persian Islamic scholar and collector of hadith who wrote "al-Jami` as-Sahih" (known as "Jami` at-Tirmidhi"), one of the six canonical hadith compilations in Sunni Islam. He also wrote "Shama'il Muhammadiyah" (popularly known as "Shama'il at-Tirmidhi"), a compilation of hadiths concerning the person and character of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. At-Tirmidhi was also well versed in Arabic grammar, favoring the school of Kufa over Basra due to the former's preservation of Arabic poetry as a primary source.
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Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, or Ghazi Malik (Ghazi means 'fighter for Islam'), (died c. 1325) was the founder of the Tughluq dynasty in India, who reigned over the Sultanate of Delhi from 1320 to 1325. He founded the city of Tughluqabad. His reign was cut short after 5 years when he died under mysterious circumstances in 1325. He was succeeded by Muhammad bin Tughluq
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Rashi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Hebrew: רבי שלמה יצחקי‎ ‎ ; Latin: "Salomon Isaacides" ; French: "Salomon de Troyes" , 22 February 1040 – 13 July 1105), today generally known by the acronym Rashi (Hebrew: רש"י‎ , RAbbi SHlomo Itzhaki), was a medieval French rabbi and author of a comprehensive commentary on the Talmud and commentary on the "Tanakh". Acclaimed for his ability to present the basic meaning of the text in a concise and lucid fashion, Rashi appeals to both learned scholars and beginner students, and his works remain a centerpiece of contemporary Jewish study. His commentary on the Talmud, which covers nearly all of the Babylonian Talmud (a total of 30 tractates), has been included in every edition of the Talmud since its first printing by Daniel Bomberg in the 1520s. His commentary on Tanakh—especially on the Chumash ("Five Books of Moses")—is an indispensable aid to students of all levels. The latter commentary alone serves as the basis for more than 300 "supercommentaries" which analyze Rashi's choice of language and citations, penned by some of the greatest names in rabbinic literature.
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Álvaro of Córdoba Paulus Alvarus (also known as Paul Alvarus, Paul Albar, Alvaró de Córdoba), c. 800 – 861 CE, was a ninth-century Mozarab scholar, poet, and theologian who lived in Southern Iberia during the period of Muslim rule. He is most notable for his writings around the time of a rising high civilization of Islam, owing to the Caliph's efforts. He also wrote the "Vita Eulogii" (‘The Life of Eulogius’), a biography of his close friend and fellow theologian Saint Eulogius of Cordoba. Although Christians living in Córdoba and the rest of Muslim Iberia during his time lived under relative religious freedom, Alvarus was amongst the Christians who perceived the many restrictions on the practice of their faith to be unacceptable persecution; they regarded with extreme scorn Christians who participated in the Muslim government, converted to Islam, or simply concealed their true beliefs. As a result of these religious tensions Alvarus’s writings are characterized by contempt of all things Muslim and he considered Muhammed to have been the precursor to the Antichrist.
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Hassan Ghaznavi Ashrafuddin Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Muhammad Husayni Ghaznavi (Persian: اشرف‌الدین ابو محمد حسن بن محمد حسینی غزنوی‎ ‎ ) known as Ashraf (اشرف) was a 12th-century Persian poet of Turkic origin.