What is the scientific name associated with the small carnivorous mammal and member of the mustelid family that was sought after during the California Fur Rush?
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California Fur Rush Before the 1849 California Gold Rush, American, English and Russian fur hunters were drawn to Spanish (and then Mexican) California in a California Fur Rush, to exploit its enormous fur resources. Before 1825, these Europeans were drawn to the northern and central California coast to harvest prodigious quantities of southern sea otter ("Enhydra lutris nereis") and fur seals ("Callorhinus ursinus"), and then to the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta to harvest beaver ("Castor canadensis"), river otter ("Lontra canadensis"), marten, fisher, mink, gray fox ("Urocyon cinereoargenteus"), weasel, and harbor seal. It was California's early fur trade, more than any other single factor, that opened up the West, and the San Francisco Bay Area in particular, to world trade.
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Fisher (animal) The fisher ("Pekania pennanti") is a small carnivorous mammal native to North America. It is a member of the mustelid family (commonly referred to as the weasel family) and is in the monospecific genus Pekania. The fisher is closely related to but larger than the American marten ("Martes americana"). The fisher is a forest-dwelling creature whose range covers much of the boreal forest in Canada to the northern United States. Names derived from aboriginal languages include pekan, pequam, wejack, and woolang. It is also called a fisher cat, although it is not a feline.
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North American river otter The North American river otter ("Lontra canadensis"), also known as the northern river otter or the common otter, is a semiaquatic mammal endemic to the North American continent found in and along its waterways and coasts. An adult river otter can weigh between 5.0 and . The river otter is protected and insulated by a thick, water-repellent coat of fur.
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Mountain cottontail The mountain cottontail or Nuttall's cottontail ("Sylvilagus nuttallii") is a species of mammal in the family Leporidae. It is found in Canada and the United States.
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Fog shrew The fog shrew ("Sorex sonomae") is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to the northern California and Oregon in the United States.
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Golden mole Golden moles are small, insectivorous burrowing mammals endemic to Southern Africa, where their Afrikaans names are gouemolle or kruipmolle (singular "gouemol" or "kruipmol"). They comprise the family Chrysochloridae and as such they are taxonomically distinct from the true moles, family Talpidae, and other mole-like families, all of which, to various degrees, they resemble as a result of convergence.
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Daphoenus Daphoenus is an extinct genus of caniform carnivoran mammal of the family Amphicyonidae ("bear dogs") of the suborder Caniformia. "Daphoenus" inhabited North America from the Early Eocene subepoch to the Early Miocene subepoch 42—16.3 Mya, existing for approximately .
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Ornate shrew The ornate shrew ("Sorex ornatus"), is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae (shrews). It is endemic to western North America, ranging from Northern California in the United States to Baja California in Mexico. Eight subspecies are known, including the extinct tule shrew ("S. o. juncensis"), known only from four specimens collected in 1905, and the Suisun ornate shrew ("S. o. sinuosus"), a species of conservation concern in California.
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Raccoon The raccoon ( or , "Procyon lotor"), sometimes spelled racoon, also known as the common raccoon, North American raccoon, northern raccoon and colloquially as coon, is a medium-sized mammal native to North America. The raccoon is the largest of the procyonid family, having a body length of 40 to and a body weight of 3.5 to . Its grayish coat mostly consists of dense underfur which insulates it against cold weather. Two of the raccoon's most distinctive features are its extremely dexterous front paws and its facial mask, which are themes in the mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Raccoons are noted for their intelligence, with studies showing that they are able to remember the solution to tasks for up to three years. The diet of the omnivorous raccoon, which is usually nocturnal, consists of about 40% invertebrates, 33% plant foods, and 27% vertebrates.
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Patagonian weasel The Patagonian weasel ("Lyncodon patagonicus") is a small mustelid that is the only member of the genus "Lyncodon". Its geographic range is the Pampas of western Argentina and sections of Chile. An early mention of the animal is in the Journal of Syms Covington, who sailed with Charles Darwin on his epic voyage aboard "HMS Beagle".
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Hog badger The hog badger ("Arctonyx collaris"), also known as greater hog badger, is a terrestrial mustelid native to Central and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species because the global population is thought to be declining due to high levels of poaching.
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Porcupine caribou The porcupine caribou or Grant's caribou ("Rangifer tarandus granti") is a subspecies of the caribou found in Alaska, United States, and adjacent parts of Canada. It resembles the subspecies, barren-ground caribou ("R. t. groenlandicus"), and is sometimes included in it.
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Oligobuninae Oligobuninae is an extinct subfamily of the family Mustelidae.
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Philotrox Philotrox is an extinct genus of bone crushing omnivorous mammal similar to a dog of the family Canidae which inhabited North America during the Oligocene living from 30.8—26.3 Ma and existed for approximately .
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Lists of cats The cat ("Felis silvestris catus"), also known as the domestic cat or house cat to distinguish it from other felines, is a small carnivorous species of crepuscular mammal that is often valued by humans for its companionship and its ability to hunt vermin.
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Mexican small-eared shrew The Mexican small-eared shrew ("Cryptotis mexicana") is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Mexico.
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List of fictional mustelids The following list of fictional mustelids is subsidiary to the list of fictional animals. This list is limited solely to notable "non-badger" and "non-raccoon" characters that appear in works of fiction and that are in the musteloidea superfamily of mammals. This includes weasels, ferrets, minks, otters, martens, and skunks.
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Brown-eared woolly opossum The brown-eared woolly opossum ("Caluromys lanatus"), also known as the western woolly opossum, is an opossum from South America. It was first described by German naturalist Ignaz von Olfers in 1818. The opossum is characterized by a brown to reddish brown coat and similarly colored limbs, yellow to orange underbelly, hairless, brown ears with a hint of pink, and a tail furred on the back for up to half of its length. The brown-eared woolly opossum is nocturnal (active mainly at night), solitary and omnivorous. The IUCN lists it as least concern.
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Dingo The dingo ("Canis dingo" or "Canis lupus dingo") is a type of feral dog native to Australia. The dingo is the largest terrestrial predator in Australia, and plays an important role as an apex predator. While dingoes are often a threat to livestock, their depredation on rabbits, kangaroos and rats can be a net benefit to pastoralists, and is considered a cultural icon by some Australians.
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Sunkahetanka Sunkahetanka is an extinct genus of small bone crushing omnivorous mammal (similar to a dog of the family Canidae) which inhabited North America during the Oligocene living from 30.8—26.3 Ma and existed for approximately .
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Ring-tailed cat The ringtail ("Bassariscus astutus") is a mammal of the raccoon family, native to arid regions of North America. It is also known as the ringtail cat, ring-tailed cat, miner's cat or bassarisk, and is also sometimes called a "civet cat" (after similar, though unrelated, cat-like omnivores of Asia and Africa). The ringtail is sometimes called a cacomistle, though this term seems to be more often used to refer to "Bassariscus sumichrasti".
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Aardwolf The aardwolf ("Proteles cristata") is a small, insectivorous mammal, native to East and Southern Africa. Its name means "earth wolf" in Afrikaans and Dutch. It is also called "maanhaar jackal" (Afrikaans for "mane jackal") or "civet hyena", based on its habit of secreting substances from its anal gland, a characteristic shared with the civet. The aardwolf is in the same family as the hyena. Unlike many of its relatives in the order Carnivora, the aardwolf does not hunt large animals. It eats insects, mainly termites – one aardwolf can eat about 250,000 termites during a single night, using its long, sticky tongue to capture them. The aardwolf lives in the shrublands of eastern and southern Africa – open lands covered with stunted trees and shrubs. It is nocturnal, resting in burrows during the day and emerging at night to seek food. Its diet consists mainly of termites and insect larvae.