Austrofascism had a leader who was which Austrian Christian Social and Patriotic Front statesman born on October 4, 1892?
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Austrofascism Austrofascism (German: "Austrofaschismus" ) was the authoritarian rule installed in Austria with the May Constitution of 1934, which ceased with the annexation of the newly founded Federal State of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938. It was based on a ruling party, the Fatherland Front ("Vaterländische Front") and the Heimwehr (Home Guard) paramilitary militia. Leaders were Engelbert Dollfuss and, after Dollfuss's assassination, Kurt Schuschnigg, who were previously politicians of the Christian Social Party, which was quickly integrated into the new movement.
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Engelbert Dollfuss Engelbert Dollfuss (German: "Engelbert Dollfuß" , ] ; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian Christian Social and Patriotic Front statesman. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ascended to Federal Chancellor in 1932 in the midst of a crisis for the conservative government. In early 1933, he shut down parliament, banned the Austrian Nazi party and assumed dictatorial powers. Suppressing the Socialist movement in February 1934, he cemented the rule of “austrofascism” through the authoritarian "First of May Constitution". Dollfuss was assassinated as part of a failed coup attempt by Nazi agents in 1934. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg maintained the regime until Adolf Hitler's annexation of Austria in 1938.
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Austrian People's Party The Austrian People's Party (German: "Österreichische Volkspartei" ; ÖVP) is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Austria. A successor to the Christian Social Party of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it is similar to the CDU/CSU of Germany in terms of ideology, with both operating as catch-all parties of the centre-right. The Austrian People's Party was founded immediately following the reestablishment of the Republic of Austria in 1945, and since then has been one of the two largest Austrian political parties with the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ). In federal governance, the ÖVP is currently the smaller partner in a coalition government with the SPÖ since 2007, with the ÖVP party leader as Vice-Chancellor of Austria.
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Alfons Gorbach Alfons Gorbach (2 September 1898 – 31 July 1972) was an Austrian politician of the conservative People's Party (ÖVP). He served as Chancellor of Austria from 1961 to 1964.
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Josef Klaus Josef Klaus (15 August 1910 – 26 July 2001) was an Austrian politician of the conservative People's Party (ÖVP). He served as State Governor ("Landeshauptmann") of Salzburg from 1949 to 1961, as Federal Minister of Finance from 1961 to 1963 and as Federal Chancellor of Austria from 1964 to 1970.
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Michael Mayr Michael Mayr (10 April 1864 – 21 May 1922) was an Austrian politician, who served as Chancellor of Austria in the First Austrian Republic from July 1920 to June 1921. He was a member of the Christian Social Party, and by profession a historian.
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Ottokar Czernin Ottokar Theobald Otto Maria "Graf" Czernin von und zu Chudenitz (Czech: "Otakar Theobald Otto Maria hrabě Černín z Chudenic" ; 26 September 1872 – 4 April 1932) was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat and politician during the time of World War I, notably serving as Foreign Minister from 1916 to 1918.
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Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg Ernst Rüdiger Camillo Starhemberg (Eferding, 10 May 1899 – Schruns, 15 March 1956; His Serene Highness Ernst Rüdiger Camillo 6. Fürst von Starhemberg until the 1919 abolition of nobility) was an Austrian nationalist and conservative politician prior to World War II, a leader of the Heimwehr and later of the Christian Social Party/Fatherland Front. He was the 1,163rd Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, Austrian Order.
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Thomas Klestil Thomas Klestil (] ; 4 November 1932 – 6 July 2004) was an Austrian diplomat and politician. He was elected the tenth State President of Austria ("Bundespräsident") in 1992 (on 56.9% of the popular vote) and was re-elected to the position in 1998. His second—and final—term of office was due to end on 8 July 2004, but his death two days prior to his retirement from office cut his term short.
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Archduke Joseph August of Austria Archduke Joseph August Viktor Klemens Maria of Austria, Prince of Hungary and Bohemia (9 August 1872 – 6 July 1962) was for a short period head of state of Hungary. He was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, the eldest son of Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria (1833–1905) and his wife Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1846–1927). Joseph August's grandfather had been Palatine Joseph of Hungary (1776–1847), Palatine and Viceroy of Hungary, a younger son of Emperor Leopold II.
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Alfred Klahr Alfred Klahr (16 September 1904, Vienna - 1944, Warsaw) was an Austrian communist politician, journalist and historian. He was the leading marxist intellectual and theorist in the First Austrian Republic.
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Adolph von Asch zu Asch auf Oberndorff Adolph Freiherr von Asch zu Asch auf Oberndorff (October 30, 1839 – February 18, 1906) was a Bavarian Lieutenant General and War Minister from June 5, 1893, to April 4, 1905. He was born and died in Munich.
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Baron Alexander von Bach Baron Alexander von Bach (German: "Alexander Freiherr von Bach"; 4 January 1813, Loosdorf, Austria - 12 November 1893, Schöngrabern, Austria) was an Austrian politician. His most notable achievement was instituting a system of centralized control at the beginning of the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.
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Kurt Waldheim Kurt Josef Waldheim (] ; 21 December 1918 – 14 June 2007) was an Austrian diplomat and politician. Waldheim was the fourth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981, and the ninth President of Austria from 1986 to 1992. While he was running for president in Austria in 1985, the revelation of his service in Thessaloniki, Greece as an intelligence officer in the "Wehrmacht" during World War II raised international controversy.
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Otto Christian Archibald von Bismarck Otto Christian Archibald, Prince von Bismarck (25 September 1897 in Schönhausen, Brandenburg – 24 December 1975) was a German politician and diplomat, and the Prince of Bismarck from 1904 to his death.
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Franz Jonas Franz Josef Jonas (] ; 4 October 1899 – 24 April 1974) was an Austrian political figure. He served as the seventh President of Austria, between 1965 and 1974.
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Wilhelm Isak, Ritter von Gutmann Wilhelm Isaak Wolf, Ritter of Gutmann (18 August 1826 - 17 May 1895) was an Austrian entrepreneur. He founded and led the largest coal company in Austria-Hungary, was nobilitized in 1878 and was President of the Vienna Israelite Community from 1891 to 1892.
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German Conservative Party The German Conservative Party (German: "Deutschkonservative Partei" , DKP) was a right-wing political party of the German Empire, founded in 1876. It largely represented the wealthy landowning elite Prussian Junkers. The party was a response to German unification, universal and equal franchise in national elections, and rapid industrialization. It changed from a diffuse party of broad ideology into an interest party in Bismarckian Germany. In the early 1870s, Bismarck formed his majority with the base in the National Liberal party, which emphasized free trade and anti-Catholicism. He broke with them in the late 1870s, by which time the Free Conservative Party and the German Conservative Party had brought together the landed Junkers in the East, and the rapidly growing industrial leadership in the major cities. They now became the main base of Bismarck's support, and successive chancellors down to 1918.
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Gyula Peidl Gyula Peidl (4 April 1873 – 22 January 1943) was a Hungarian trade union leader and social democrat politician who served as Prime Minister and acting head of state of Hungary for 6 days in August 1919. His tenure coincided with a period of political instability in Hungary immediately after World War I, during which several successive governments ruled the country.
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Alfred Frauenfeld Alfred Eduard Frauenfeld (18 May 1898 in Vienna – 10 May 1977 in Hamburg) was an Austrian Nazi leader. An engineer by occupation, he was associated with the pro-Nazi Germany wing of Austrian Nazism.
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Franz Löschnak Franz Löschnak (born March 4, 1940 in Vienna) is an Austrian jurist and politician for the Austrian Socialist Party. From 1987 to 1989 he was Secretary of Health in the federal government and from 1989 to 1995 he was head of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Austria).
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Heinz Fischer Heinz Fischer {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'GColIH', '4': "} (] ; born 9 October 1938) is an Austrian politician. He took office as 11th State President on 8 July 2004 and was re-elected for a second and last term on 25 April 2010, leaving office on 8 July 2016. Fischer previously served as Minister of Science from 1983 to 1987 and as President of the National Council of Austria from 1990 to 2002. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), he suspended his party membership for the duration of his presidency.