What is this description of a pattern of group behaviour towards individuals within Nordic countries that Sharmi Albrechtsen explored in her book A Piece of Danish Happiness?
d561d42a5c1121889a94494c9e14cabc
Sharmi Albrechtsen Sharmi Albrechtsen is a Canadian born American-Indian journalist and author known for her blog Happy Danes on the official site, Blogging Denmark. She has written a book, A Piece of Danish Happiness, which explores why the Danish people are considered the happiest in the world, according to some sources, including the 2012 Gallup Poll taken by the United Nations. Albrechtsen attributes this happiness to the cultural Laws of Jante, a state of “Hygge” meaning being together comfortably, Denmark’s welfare system, and factors intrinsic to being happy. Her writing infuses her personal story, and in 2012, she told her story to Oprah Winfrey during a televised Lifeclass in Toronto.
bbecfb412ad7ae3cdedd424c3388aac3
Law of Jante The Law of Jante (Danish: "Janteloven" , ] ; Norwegian Bokmål: "Janteloven" , ] , Nynorsk: "Jantelova" ; Icelandic: "Jantelögin" ;,Faroese: "Jantelógin" Swedish: "Jantelagen" , ] ) is the description of a pattern of group behaviour towards individuals within Nordic countries that negatively portrays and criticises individual success and achievement as unworthy and inappropriate. The Jante Law as a concept was created by the Dano-Norwegian author Aksel Sandemose, who, in his novel "A Fugitive Crosses His Tracks" ("En flyktning krysser sitt spor", 1933, English translation published in the USA in 1936), identified the Law of Jante as ten rules. Sandemose's novel portrays the small Danish town Jante (modelled upon his native town Nykøbing Mors as it was at the beginning of the 20th century, but typical of all small towns and communities), where nobody is anonymous.
26878fd508c17faeb7bfd6f699a15e46
Implicit stereotype An implicit stereotype is the unconscious attribution of particular qualities to a member of a certain social group. Implicit stereotypes are influenced by experience, and are based on learned associations between various qualities and social categories, including race or gender. Individuals' perceptions and behaviors can be affected by implicit stereotypes, even without the individuals' intention or awareness. Implicit stereotypes are an aspect of implicit social cognition, the phenomenon that perceptions, attitudes, and stereotypes operate without conscious intention. The existence of implicit stereotypes is supported by a variety of scientific articles in psychological literature. Implicit stereotype were first defined by psychologists Anthony Greenwald and Mahzarin Banaji in 1995.
bdc7573079a0da793afe128aab78e1e4
Cultural radicalism Cultural radicalism (Danish: "Kulturradikalisme") was a movement in first Danish, but later also Norwegian culture. It was particular strong in the Interwar Period, but its philosophy has its origin in the 1870s and a great deal of modern social commentary still refer to it.
863a3a864849277e65713ad5df7a8754
Prejudice Prejudice is an affective feeling towards a person or group member based solely on their group membership. The word is often used to refer to preconceived, usually unfavorable, feelings towards people or a person because of their sex, gender, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, language, nationality, beauty, occupation, education, criminality, sport team affiliation or other personal characteristics. In this case, it refers to a positive or negative evaluation of another person based on their perceived group membership.
4cd23252fd56d42d45d198dd78bf6e73
Collective self-esteem Collective self-esteem is a concept originating in the field of psychology that describes the aspect of an individual’s self-image that stems from how the individual interacts with others and the groups that the individual is a part of. The idea originated during the research of Jennifer Crocker, during which she was trying to learn about the connection between a person’s self-esteem and their attitude towards or about the group that the person is part of.
e2aa8742fde279896ea4fb120eba72ef
Corporate behaviour Corporate behaviour is the actions of a company or group who are acting as a single body. It defines the company's ethical strategies and describes the image of the company.
05251ddbf6345bcd6329b6be240bb697
Bullying culture Bullying culture is the context or venue in which a bullying pattern of behavior is ordinary or routine. It is about an imbalance of social, physical or other power involving a person or group.
4922d104f60c40275281f88b4fa5ce0d
Scandinavian colonialism Scandinavian colonialism is a subdivision within broader colonial studies that discusses the role of Scandinavian nations in achieving economic benefits from outside of their own cultural sphere. The field ranges from studying the Sami in relation to the Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish states, to activities of the Danish Colonial Empire and Swedish Empire in Africa and on Caribbean islands such as St. Thomas and Saint-Barthélemy.
6be26c116c4086ace9870c9196c5fd5a
Clannism Clannism is a prejudice based on clan affiliation. The most noted discourse around these occurrences and phenomena centers around Somalia and Somalis in general. Although Somalia is by and large a racially homogeneous society, with a common language, appearance, religion, an overlapping culture and a shared religious denomination affiliation, it is nonetheless a patriarchal society. This patriarchy has resulted in a culture wherein the paternal lineage of the average person has become among the foremost anthropological feature of day-to-day life.
4a06c1a63d302f1790d64cfd864e54cf
Lynching Lynching is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. It is an extreme form of informal group social control such as "charivari," skimmington, riding the rail, and tarring and feathering, but with a drift towards the display of a public spectacle. It is to be considered an act of terrorism and punishable by law. Instances of it can be found in societies long antedating European settlement of North America.
defea8b10735953447d39968d01e4a63
Narcissistic rage and narcissistic injury Narcissistic rage is a reaction to narcissistic injury, which is a perceived threat to a narcissist's self-esteem or self-worth. "Narcissistic injury" (or "narcissistic scar") is a phrase used by Sigmund Freud in the 1920s; "narcissistic wound" and "narcissistic blow" are further, almost interchangeable terms. The term "narcissistic rage" was coined by Heinz Kohut in 1972.
6f01de40288378de62fde5168c0840f6
Norse clans The Scandinavian clan or ætt/ätt (pronounced ] in Old Norse) was a social group based on common descent.
f027b82c98966d4eef42c326be662147
Male bonding In ethology and social science, male bonding is the formation of close personal relationships, and patterns of friendship or cooperation between males.
2d3f740b71ea10d1e8d116ce81f1840f
Herd behavior Herd behavior describes how individuals in a group can act collectively without centralized direction. The term can refer to the behavior of animals in herds, packs, bird flocks, fish schools and so on, as well as the behavior of humans in demonstrations, riots and general strikes, sporting events, religious gatherings, episodes of mob violence and everyday decision-making, judgement and opinion-forming.
d28df1004d121795149924845b96edd7
Collective mental state Mental state is generally a literary or legal term, and is only used in psychiatry or psychology as the mental state examination, where it refers to the condition of someone's mind. Here there is an assessment of thought processes, memory, mood, cognitive state, and energy level. Where a mental state is shared by a large proportion of the members of a group or society, it can be called a collective mental state. Gustave Le Bon proposed that mental states are passed by contagion, while Sigmund Freud wrote of war fever in his work "Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego" (1922), a perfect example of the collective mental state. Franz Borkenau wrote of collective madness, while many writers have discussed collective depression. Psychosis can be passed from one individual to another as induced psychosis or "folie a deux", but rarely involves more than two people. Where the mental state involves a large population, it is more appropriate to use plain English rather than psychiatric or psychological terminology.
12c86926a7861887759a9ff22697d2ca
Organised persecution of ethnic Germans The Organised persecution of ethnic Germans refers to systematic activity against groups of ethnic Germans based on their ethnicity.
0744c22ddd3cf5569683f84a23ccced7
Moderation theory Moderation theory is a set of interrelated hypotheses that explain the process through which political groups eschew radical platforms in favor of more moderate policies and prefer electoral, compromising and non-confrontational strategies over non-electoral, exclusive, and confrontational strategies. Moderation can take place at both ideological and behavioral levels that mutually reinforce each other. The origins of the theory go back to the work of Robert Michels who offers a classical study of the Social Democratic Party of Germany in his book "Political Parties". The theory offers insights into the transformation of party politics in a great range of cultural and historical cases including Socialist and Christian Democrat parties in Western Europe and more recently Islamic political groups. In particular, the evolution of Islamic political parties in Turkey since the early 1970s that culminated in the rise of the Justice and Development Party in the 2002 parliamentary elections exemplifies the dynamics highlighted by moderation theory.
c26ce941ca211b5efa0940820cbb62da
Social rejection Social rejection occurs when an individual is deliberately excluded from a social relationship or social interaction. The topic includes "interpersonal rejection" (or peer rejection), "romantic rejection" and "familial estrangement". A person can be rejected by individuals or an entire group of people. Furthermore, rejection can be either "active", by bullying, teasing, or ridiculing, or "passive", by ignoring a person, or giving the "silent treatment". The experience of being rejected is subjective for the recipient, and it can be perceived when it is not actually present. The word ostracism is often used for the process (in Ancient Greece ostracism was voting into temporary exile).
fa94ef2a56d7fa4959b24102650867b4
Self-categorization theory Self-categorization theory is a social psychological theory that describes the circumstances under which a person will perceive collections of people (including themselves) as a group, as well as the consequences of perceiving people in group terms. Although the theory is often introduced as an explanation of psychological group formation (which was one of its early goals), it is more accurately thought of as general analysis of the functioning of categorization processes in social perception and interaction that speaks to issues of individual identity as much as group phenomena.
10d38da66684b7a260cb145933f79d95
Stereotype In social psychology, a stereotype is any thought widely adopted about specific types of individuals or certain ways of behaving intended to represent the entire group of those individuals or behaviors as a whole. These thoughts or beliefs may or may not accurately reflect reality. However, this is only a fundamental psychological definition of a stereotype. Within psychology and spanning across other disciplines, there are different conceptualizations and theories of stereotyping that provide their own expanded definition. Some of these definitions share commonalities, though each one may also harbor unique aspects that may contradict the others.
0aa472a482f285d75c7a6657e605a6e6
Methodological nationalism In Social Science, Methodological Nationalism is a term used to describe an intellectual orientation and pattern in scholarly research that conceives of the nation-state as the sole unit of analysis or as a container for social processes. This term has been greatly developed by Andreas Wimmer and Nina Glick Schiller, who specifically define methodological nationalism as "understood as the assumption that the nation/state/society is the natural social and political form of the modern world". Methodological Nationalism has been identified in many social science subfields, such as anthropology, sociology, and the interdisciplinary field of migration studies. Methodological Nationalism, as a practice within Social Science, has been further critiqued by scholars such as Saskia Sassen, who contends that the nation-state and its borders are an insufficient unit of analysis and that the national is at times the "terrains of the global".