What is the virus that is viral fever of humans and primates and that Triazavirin could have a potential application?
ef66592a3374cb7cce42d0aadfe35fd0
Triazavirin Triazavirin (TZV) is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug developed in Russia through a joint effort of Ural Federal University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Center for Biopharma Technologies and Medsintez Pharmaceutical. It has an azoloazine base structure, which represents a new structural class of non-nucleoside antiviral drugs. It was originally developed as a potential treatment for pandemic influenza strains such as H5N1, and most of the testing that has been done has focused on its anti-influenza activity. However triazavirin has also been found to have antiviral activity against a number of other viruses including tick-borne encephalitis, and is also being investigated for potential application against Lassa fever and Ebola virus disease.
8e6e466b2b12441efe6e32eba9ca2d60
Ebola virus disease Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses. Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches. Then, vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys. At this time, some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent. This is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss, and typically follows six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.
7ea33a4286cb67de6b28845a9964fe2a
Bornaviridae Bornaviridae is a family of viruses in the order "Mononegavirales". Horses, sheep, cattle, rodents, birds, reptiles, and humans serve as natural hosts. Currently, 16 viruses are assigned to eight species included in one genus in this family. Diseases associated with bornaviruses include Borna disease, a fatal neurologic disease of mammals restricted to central Europe; and proventricular dilatation disease in birds.
663fd0b95ecf19882b1bfae618443daa
Veterinary virology Veterinary virology is the study of viruses in non-human animals. It is an important branch of veterinary medicine.
c0ff6ecc5f6d8675c9dd1f42df02aa7b
Dengue fever outbreaks As of 2010 dengue fever is believed to infect 50 to 100 million people worldwide a year with 1/2 million life-threatening infections. It dramatically increased in frequency between 1960 and 2010, by 30 fold. This increase is believed to be due to a combination of urbanization, population growth, increased international travel, and global warming. The geographical distribution is around the equator with 70% of the total 2.5 billion people living in endemic areas from Asia and the Pacific. Many people in outbreaks are not virally tested, therefore their infections may also be due to chikungunya, a coinfection of both, or even other similar viruses.
cdc6fbc435f9d1592bb74ba6dfe9d2bd
Turriviridae Turriviridae is a family of viruses; it contains only one genus, Alphaturrivirus. The archaea "Sulfolobus solfataricus" serve as natural hosts. There are currently only two species in the genus "Alphaturrivirus".
e3a7aa23110aa23d3bb7c0df34bb824c
Bourbon virus Bourbon virus is an RNA virus in the genus "Thogotovirus" of the family "Orthomyxoviridae", which is similar to Dhori virus and Batken virus. It was first identified in 2014 in a man from Bourbon County, Kansas, United States, who died after being bitten by ticks. The case is the eighth report of human disease associated with a thogotovirus globally, and the first in the Western hemisphere. As of May 2015, a case was discovered in Stillwater, Oklahoma (the patient fully recovered) and relatively little is known about the virus. No specific treatment or vaccine is available. The virus is suspected to be transmitted by ticks or insects, and avoidance of bites is recommended to reduce risk of infection. In June 2017 a 58-year-old woman from Missouri died from an infection of the Bourbon virus after it had been misdiagnosed for a significant period of time.
20998ed8a8e4935834887ee1303b5f46
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is "a laboratory-derived mouse virus that was generated through recombination between two endogenous murine retroviruses during propagation of a prostate cancer xenograft in the mid-1990's". The chimeric virus was first described in 2006 as an apparently novel retrovirus and potential human pathogen. Initial reports erroneously linked the virus to prostate cancer and later to chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), leading to considerable interest in the scientific and patient communities, investigation of XMRV as a potential cause of multiple medical conditions, and public health concerns about the safety of the donated blood supply.
1ffc7bf57195d19eba54c974dba8d0e6
Rhabdoviridae The Rhabdoviridae are a family of viruses in the order "Mononegavirales". Vertebrates (including mammals and humans), invertebrates, and plants serve as natural hosts. Currently, 17 genera are recognised. Diseases associated with viruses of this family include rabies fatal encephalitis caused by rabies virus, and vesicular diseases and encephalitis flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses. The name is derived from the Greek "rhabdos", meaning rod, referring to the shape of the viral particles.
a7f74cd8b859ed05e1186c19e257a9be
Puumala virus Puumala virus (PUUV) is a species of hantavirus. Humans infected with the virus may develop a haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) known as nephropathia epidemica. Puumala virus HFRS is lethal in less than 0.5% of the cases.
87d7ae3c45b4157d1774c5fa80e43477
Rift Valley fever Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease that can cause mild to severe symptoms. The mild symptoms may include: fever, muscle pains, and headaches which often last for up to a week. The severe symptoms may include: loss of sight beginning three weeks after the infection, infections of the brain causing severe headaches and confusion, and bleeding together with liver problems which may occur within the first few days. Those who have bleeding have a chance of death as high as 50%.
140debd1d1b3563d4a76eed6a5277422
Dhori virus Dhori virus (DHOV) is a species of the genus "Thogotovirus" and a member of the family "Orthomyxoviridae". Its hosts are ticks, mosquitoes, and mammals (including humans). Dhori virus is lethal to mice, causing systemic pathologic changes similar to those reported in humans with virulent influenza A (H5N1) virus infection.
6bc3b8548c680fcb4663cb9019983db0
Neurovirology Neurovirology is an interdisciplinary field which represents a melding of clinical neuroscience, virology, immunology, and molecular biology. The main focus of the field is to study viruses capable of infecting the nervous system. In addition to this, the field studies the use of viruses to trace neuroanatomical pathways, for gene therapy, and to eliminate detrimental populations of neural cells.
d42a74041dcf32637b3f614afd37c17f
Coronavirus Coronaviruses are species of virus belonging to the subfamily "Coronavirinae" in the family "Coronaviridae", in the order Nidovirales. Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The genomic size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, the largest for an RNA virus.
4cf411d8ddff3f28ae9dc5969494904e
LJ-001 LJ-001 is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug developed as a potential treatment for enveloped viruses. It acts as an inhibitor which blocks viral entry into host cells at a step after virus binding but before virus–cell fusion, and also irreversibly inactivates the virions themselves by generating reactive singlet oxygen molecules which damage the viral membrane. In cell culture tests "in vitro", LJ-001 was able to block and disable a wide range of different viruses, including influenza A, filoviruses, poxviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, and HIV. Unfortunately LJ-001 itself was unsuitable for further development, as it has poor physiological stability and requires light for its antiviral mechanism to operate. However the discovery of this novel mechanism for blocking virus entry and disabling the virion particles has led to LJ-001 being used as a lead compound to develop a novel family of more effective antiviral drugs with improved properties.
d57429e780ddcadce258b5fe667b8b1f
Emergent virus An emergent virus is a virus that has adapted and emerged as a new disease/pathogenic strain, with attributes facilitating pathogenicity in a field not normally associated with that virus. This includes viruses that are the cause of a disease which has notably increased in incidence; this is often a result of a wide variety of causes from both the influence of man and nature. Most emergent viruses can be categorized as zoonotic (an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans), this has the advantage of possibly having several natural reservoirs for the disease.
c4518d5e5c0ebe6adfd776d6d862a78e
Passenger virus A passenger virus is a virus that is frequently found in samples from diseased tissue, such as tumours, but does not contribute to causing the disease.
f49e6ca57af70143c59669bd2ac057fa
Arbovirus Arbovirus is a term used to refer to any viruses that is transmitted by arthropod vectors. The word "arbovirus" is an acronym (ARthropod-BOrne virus). The word "tibovirus" (TIck-BOrne virus) is sometimes used to more specifically describe viruses transmitted by ticks, a superorder within the arthropods. Arboviruses can affect both animals, including humans, and plants. In humans, symptoms of arbovirus infection generally occur 3–15 days after exposure to the virus and last 3 or 4 days. The most common clinical features of infection are fever, headache, and malaise, but encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever may also occur.
56ac254031d25ad9320c7e567231a374
Sphaerolipoviridae Sphaerolipoviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses that infect thermophilic bacteria and halophilic archea, formally approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 2015. Viruses of this family have tailless icosahedral virions with an internal lipid membrane located between the protein capsid and the double-stranded DNA genome. Overall virion organization of sphaerolipoviruses is similar to that of viruses belonging to the families "Tectiviridae", "Corticoviridae" and "Turriviridae".
6364aec6eaea1817ef9270ac23f58178
Viruses (journal) Viruses is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by MDPI covering all aspects of virology. It was established in 2009. The editor-in-chief is Eric O. Freed.
70e3986b94e5dc07ead167ef8f7d03f1
Reoviridae Reoviridae is a family of viruses. They have a wide host range, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and fungi. They are unique in that they lack lipid envelopes and package their genomes of discrete double-stranded segments of RNA within multi-layered capsids. Lack of a lipid envelope has allowed three-dimensional structures of these large complex viruses (diameter,∼600–1,000 nm) to be obtained. There are currently 87 species in this family, divided among 30 genera. Reoviruses can affect the gastrointestinal system (such as "Rotavirus") and respiratory tract. The name "Reo-" is derived from "respiratory enteric orphan viruses." The term "orphan virus" refers to the fact that some of these viruses have been observed not associated with any known disease. Even though viruses in the Reoviridae family have more recently been identified with various diseases, the original name is still used.
53cd2ad6c88d3d054e176ca16a3de905
Foot-and-mouth disease virus The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the pathogen that causes foot-and-mouth disease. It is a picornavirus, the prototypical member of the "Aphthovirus" genus. The disease, which causes vesicles (blisters) in the mouth and feet of bovids, suids, ovids, caprids and other cloven-hoofed animals is highly infectious and a major plague of animal farming.