Mold Castle was erected under instructions from the Earl also known by what name?
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Mold Castle Mold Castle (Welsh: "Castell yr Wyddgrug" ), on Bailey Hill in the town of Mold, Flintshire, Northeast Wales, is a motte-and-bailey castle erected around 1072, probably by the Norman Robert de Montalt under instructions from Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester. Little remains except the mound on which the motte was built. It stands close to the 15th-century parish church, St Mary's Church near the centre of the town.
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Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester Hugh d'Avranches (  1047  – 27 July 1101), also known as Hugh the Fat (French: "Hugues le Gros" ) or Hugh the Wolf (Latin: "Hugo Lupus" ), was the second Norman earl of Chester (2nd creation) and one of the great magnates of early Norman England.
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Earl of Mar The title Mormaer or Earl of Mar has been created several times, all in the Peerage of Scotland. The first and seventh creations are currently extant, and held by different individuals. The first creation of the earldom was originally the provincial ruler of the province of Mar in north-eastern Scotland. First attested in the year 1014, the "seat" or "caput" eventually became Kildrummy Castle, although other sites like Doune of Invernochty were initially just as important.
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Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March Roger Mortimer, 3rd Baron Mortimer, 1st Earl of March (25 April 1287 – 29 November 1330), was an English nobleman and powerful Marcher lord who gained many estates in the Welsh Marches and Ireland following his advantageous marriage to the wealthy heiress Joan de Geneville, 2nd Baroness Geneville. In November 1316, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was imprisoned in the Tower of London in 1322 for having led the Marcher lords in a revolt against King Edward II in what became known as the Despenser War. He later escaped to France, where he was joined by Edward's queen consort Isabella, whom he took as his mistress. After he and Isabella led a successful invasion and rebellion, Edward was subsequently deposed; Mortimer allegedly arranged his murder at Berkeley Castle. For three years, Mortimer was "de facto" ruler of England before being himself overthrown by Edward's eldest son, Edward III. Accused of assuming royal power and other crimes, Mortimer was executed by hanging at Tyburn.
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Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford Humphrey Stafford (  1425 –  22 May 1458), generally known by his courtesy title of Earl of Stafford, was the eldest son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Lady Anne Neville (d. 1480).
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William Adelin William Ætheling (] ; 5 August 1103 – 25 November 1120), designated or titled Adelin (alternately rendered as "Adelinus", "Adelingus", "A(u)delin" or other Latinised Norman-French variants of "Ætheling"), was the son of Henry I of England by his wife Matilda of Scotland, and was thus heir apparent to the throne. His early death without issue caused a succession crisis, known in history as The Anarchy.
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Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury Roger de Montgomerie (died 1094), also known as Roger the Great de Montgomery, was the first Earl of Shrewsbury, and Earl of Arundel, Sussex. His father was Roger de Montgomery, seigneur of Montgomery, and was a relative, probably a grandnephew, of the Duchess Gunnor, wife of Duke Richard I of Normandy. The elder Roger had large holdings in central Normandy, chiefly in the valley of the Dives, which the younger Roger inherited.
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Margaret I of Denmark Margaret I (Danish: "Margrete Valdemarsdatter" , Norwegian: "Margrete Valdemarsdatter" , Swedish: "Margareta Valdemarsdotter" , Icelandic: "Margrét Valdimarsdóttir" ; 1353 – 28 October 1412), was queen consort of Norway 1363-1380 and Sweden 1363-1364, and later ruler in her own right of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, from which later period there are ambiguities regarding her specific titles. She was the founder of the Kalmar Union, which spanned Scandinavia for over a century. Margaret was known as a wise, energetic and capable leader, earning the nickname "Semiramis of the North", or "the Lady King". Though the latter was a derisive nickname invented by her rival Albert of Mecklenburg, it became widely used in recognition of her capabilities.
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Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, 1st Earl of Pembroke, KG (3 October 1390 – 23 February 1447) was an English nobleman. He was "son, brother and uncle of kings," being the fourth and youngest son of Henry IV and his first wife Mary de Bohun, the brother of Henry V, and the uncle of Henry VI.
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Poenari Castle Poenari Castle (] ), also known as Poenari Citadel ("Cetatea Poenari" in Romanian), is a ruined castle in Romania, notable for its connection to Vlad the Impaler. Access to the citadel is made by climbing the 1,480 concrete stairs.
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House of Dragoș The House of Dragoș, also known as the House of Drăgoșești (Hungarian: "Drágfy , Drágffy, Drágffi" ) was founded by Dragoș (also known as "Dragoș Vodă" or "Dragoș of Bedeu"), who was traditionally been considered the first ruler or prince of Moldavia and who was Voivode" in Maramureş.
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Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel Saint Philip Howard, 1st Earl of Arundel (28 June 1557 – 19 October 1595) was an English nobleman. He was canonised by Pope Paul VI in 1970, as one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. He is variously numbered as 1st, 20th or 13th Earl of Arundel.
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Jósika Castle The Jósika ] domain in Surduc, a village in Sălaj County, Romania, consists of a low-rise castle on the left bank of Someș River and a crypt built on a steep cliff at the entrance from Jibou into the village. The crypt, locally known as "Baron's crypt" (Romanian: "Cripta baronului" ), was built in 1825, in the memory of Miklós Jósika's father who died a year before. On the facade can be read "Parenti optimo pietas proculium posuit ano. MDCCCXXVII-mo", an inscription executed in 1828 by Hirschfeld Friedrich, a sculptor born in Debrecen.
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Arthur, Prince of Wales Arthur Tudor (20 September 1486 – 2 April 1502) was Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester and Duke of Cornwall. As the eldest son and heir apparent of Henry VII of England, Arthur was viewed by contemporaries as the great hope of the newly established House of Tudor. His mother, Elizabeth of York, was the daughter of Edward IV, and his birth cemented the union between the House of Tudor and the House of York.
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Vladislaus II of Opole Vladislaus II of Opole (Polish: "Władysław Opolczyk" , German: "Wladislaus von Oppeln" , Hungarian: "Oppelni László" , Ukrainian: Владислав Опольчик ) (ca. 1332 – 18 May 1401) was a Duke of Opole from 1356 (as a Bohemian vassal), Count palatine of Hungary during 1367–1372, ruler over Lubliniec since 1368, Duke of Wieluń during 1370–1392, ruler over Bolesławiec from 1370 (only for his life), Governor of Galicia–Volhynia during 1372–1378, ruler over Pszczyna during 1375–1396, Count palatine of Poland in 1378, Duke of Dobrzyń and Kujawy during 1378–1392 (as a Polish vassal), ruler over Głogówek from 1383 and ruler over Krnov during 1385–1392.
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Malcolm Fleming, Earl of Wigtown Malcolm Fleming, Earl of Wigtown († 1363) was the son of Robert Fleming, a Stewart vassal and holder of the lands of Fulwood and Cumbernauld, who died sometime before 1314. He was the "foster-father" of King David II of Scotland and became the first man to hold the title Earl of Wigtown.
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Neath Castle Neath Castle (Welsh: "Castell Nedd" ) is a Norman castle located in the town centre of Neath, Wales. Its construction was begun by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, the nominal Lord of Glamorgan, at a date estimated between 1114 and 1130. It is also referred to as "Granville's Castle", after Richard I de Grenville (or Granville or Glanville; died post 1142), Lord of Neath, who has also been credited with its construction. The town of Neath takes its Welsh name, "Castell-nedd", from the castle.
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Rastislav of Moravia Rastislav or Rostislav, also known as St. Rastislav, (Latin: "Rastiz", Greek: Ῥασισθλάϐος / "Rhasisthlábos") was the second known ruler of Moravia (846–870). Although he started his reign as vassal to Louis the German, king of East Francia, he consolidated his rule to the extent that after 855 he was able to repel a series of Frankish attacks. Upon his initiative two brothers, Cyril and Methodius sent by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III in 863, translated the most important Christian liturgical books into Slavonic in his realm. Rastislav was dethroned by his nephew Svatopluk I who handed him over to the Franks.
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Osbern the Steward Osbern the Steward, known in French as "Osbern de Crépon" († about 1040), was the Steward of two Dukes of Normandy and the father of William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, one of William the Conqueror's closest counsellors.
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Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex Robert Radcliffe, 10th Baron Fitzwalter, 1st Earl of Sussex, KG, KB, PC (c. 1483 – 27 November 1542), also spelled Radclyffe, Ratcliffe, Ratcliff, etc, was a prominent courtier and soldier during the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII who served as Chamberlain of the Exchequer and Lord Great Chamberlain.
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Michael I of Wallachia Michael I (Romanian: "Mihail I" ) was voivode (or prince) of Wallachia from 1417 to 1420. He was the only legitimate son of Mircea I of Wallachia, who made him his co-ruler. Styled as prince from 1415, Michael became sole ruler after his father died in early 1418. His support for a Hungarian campaign against the Ottoman Empire caused the Ottoman Sultan, Mehmed I, to invade Wallachia, forcing him to agree to pay tribute. After Michael failed to respect the treaty, the Ottomans gave assistance to his rival, Dan, who crossed into Wallachia in 1420. Dan and his Ottoman allies defeated the Wallachian army, and Michael was killed on the battlefield.
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Alice of Saluzzo, Countess of Arundel Alice of Saluzzo, Countess of Arundel (died 25 September 1292), also known as Alesia di Saluzzo, was an Italian-born noblewoman and an English countess. She was a daughter of Thomas I of Saluzzo, and the wife of Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel. She assumed the title of Countess of Arundel in 1289.