Who played the key role in the Nazi "Seizure of Power and annually awarded The Hindenburg Cup?
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Hindenburg Cup The Hindenburg Cup (German: "Hindenburg-Pokal" ) was a German aviation prize, founded in 1928 and awarded annually by President and Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg to recognize achievements in powered flight. From 1930 an additional prize was also awarded for gliding.
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Paul von Hindenburg Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg (   ), known generally as Paul von Hindenburg (] ; 2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a German military officer, statesman, and politician who largely controlled German policy in the second half of World War I and served as the elected President of Germany from 1925 until his death in 1934. He played the key role in the Nazi "Seizure of Power" in January 1933 by appointing Adolf Hitler chancellor of a "Government of National Concentration", even though the Nazis were a plurality in cabinet.
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Hindenburg Bridge The Hindenburg Bridge was a railway bridge over the Rhine between Rüdesheim in the German state of Hesse and Bingen-Kempten state of Rhineland-Palatinate, named in 1918 after Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg, later German President. The bridge was put in service in 1915, destroyed in the Second World War and never rebuilt.
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Demyansk Shield Demyansk Shield (German: "Ärmelschild Demjansk" ) was a World War II German military decoration awarded to military personnel who fought in the Demyansk pocket. It commemorated the successful defence of Demyansk, achieved through the use of an airbridge. The pocket of German troops had been encircled and cut off by the Red Army around Demyansk (Demjansk), south of Leningrad, during World War II on the Eastern Front. It was instituted on 25 April 1943 by Adolf Hitler. It was not bestowed after 1 July 1944.
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Wilhelm Canaris Wilhelm Franz Canaris (1 January 1887 – 9 April 1945) was a German admiral and chief of the "Abwehr", the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944. Initially a supporter of Adolf Hitler, by 1939 he had turned against the Nazis as he felt Germany would lose another major war. During the Second World War he was among the military officers involved in the clandestine opposition to the Nazi regime. He was executed in Flossenbürg concentration camp for high treason as the Nazi regime was collapsing.
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1940 Tschammerpokal Final The 1940 Tschammerpokal Final decided the winner of the 1940 Tschammerpokal, the 6th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 1 December 1940 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin. Dresdner SC won the match 2–1 against 1. FC Nürnberg after extra time, to claim their 1st cup title.
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Nuremberg executions The Nuremberg executions took place on October 16, 1946, shortly after the conclusion of the Nuremberg Trials. Ten prominent members of the political and military leadership of Nazi Germany were executed by hanging: Hans Frank, Wilhelm Frick, Alfred Jodl, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Wilhelm Keitel, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Alfred Rosenberg, Fritz Sauckel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, and Julius Streicher. Hermann Göring was also scheduled to be hanged on that day, but committed suicide using a potassium cyanide capsule the night before. Martin Bormann was also sentenced to death in absentia, but he was killed or committed suicide while attempting to escape Berlin in 1945.
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Reichstag (Nazi Germany) The Reichstag ("diet of the realm"), officially the Großdeutscher Reichstag ("Greater German "Reichstag"") after 1938, was the pseudo-Parliament of the Third Reich from 1933 to 1945. Following the Nazi seizure of power and the passing of the Enabling Act of 1933, it met only as a rubber stamp for the actions of Adolf Hitler's dictatorship—always by unanimous consent—and to listen to Hitler's speeches. In this purely ceremonial role, the Reichstag convened only 20 times, the last on 26 April 1942. The President of the Reichstag (German: "Reichstagspräsident" ) throughout this period was Hermann Göring.
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Otto Braun Otto Braun (28 January 1872 – 15 December 1955) was a German Social Democratic politician who served as Prime Minister of Prussia for most of the time from 1920 to 1932. After the Nazis seized power in 1933, Braun went into exile in Switzerland.
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1971 DFB-Pokal Final The 1971 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1970–71 DFB-Pokal, the 28th season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 19 June 1971 at the Neckarstadion in Stuttgart. Bayern Munich won the match 2–1 after extra time against 1. FC Köln, to claim their 5th cup title.
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Oster Conspiracy The Oster Conspiracy of 1938 was a proposed plan to overthrow German "Führer" Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime if Germany went to war with Czechoslovakia over the Sudetenland. It was led by Generalmajor (major general) Hans Oster, deputy head of the "Abwehr" and other high-ranking conservatives within the Wehrmacht who opposed the regime for its behaviour that was threatening to bring Germany into a war that they believed it was not ready to fight. They planned to overthrow Hitler and the Nazi regime through a planned storming of the Reich Chancellery by forces loyal to the plot to take control of the government, who would either arrest or assassinate Hitler, and restore the exiled Wilhelm II as Emperor.
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Helmut Beck-Broichsitter Helmut Beck-Broichsitter (30 August 1914 – 25 September 2000) was an officer in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Following the war, Beck-Broichsitter was involved in several neo-Nazi movements.
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German Olympic Decoration The German Olympic Decoration (German: "Deutsche Olympia-Ehrenzeichen" or "Deutsches Olympiaehrenzeichen" ) was a civil decoration of Nazi Germany awarded to administrators of the IV Olympic Winter Games in Garmisch-Partenkirchen and the Games of the XI Olympiad in Berlin 1936. The award was not intended for actual participants in the Olympic Games, but rather in recognition of those who had orchestrated the "behind the scenes" preparations and work for the events.
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Narvik Shield The Narvik Shield (German: "Narvikschild" ) was a World War II German military decoration awarded to all German forces that took part in the battles of Narvik between 9 April and 8 June 1940. It was instituted on 19 August 1940 by Adolf Hitler. The "Oberkommando der Wehrmacht" (OKW) published the order the same day. A total of 8,577 military personnel received the award. It was bestowed by General Eduard Dietl, the commander of Army Group Narvik.
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Nikolaus Heilmann Nikolaus Heilmann (20 April 1903 – 30 January 1945) was a high-ranking commander in the Waffen-SS during World War II. He was a recipient the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
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Hellmuth Heye Hellmuth Guido Alexander Heye (9 August 1895 – 10 November 1970) was a German admiral in World War II and politician in post-war Germany. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany.
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Government of Nazi Germany The Government of Nazi Germany was a dictatorship run according to the "Führerprinzip". As the successor to the government of the Weimar Republic, it inherited the government structure and institutions of the previous state. Although the Weimar Constitution technically remained in effect until Germany's surrender in 1945, there were no actual restraints on the exercise of state power. In addition to the already extant government of the Weimar Republic, the Nazi leadership created a large number of different organizations for the purpose of helping them govern and remain in power. They rearmed and strengthened the military, set up an extensive state security apparatus and created their own personal party army, which in 1940 became known as the Waffen-SS.
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1966 DFB-Pokal Final The 1966 DFB-Pokal Final decided the winner of the 1965–66 DFB-Pokal, the 23rd season of Germany's knockout football cup competition. It was played on 4 June 1966 at the Waldstadion in Frankfurt. Bayern Munich won the match 4–2 against Meidericher SV, to claim their 2nd cup title.
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Wilhelm Keitel Wilhelm Keitel (22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal who served as Chief of the Armed Forces High Command ("Oberkommando der Wehrmacht" or OKW) in Nazi Germany during World War II. According to David Stahel, Keitel was "well known and [...] reviled as Hitler's dependable mouthpiece and habitual yes-man" among his military colleagues.
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Ortsgruppenleiter Ortsgruppenleiter (Local Group Leader) was a Nazi Party political rank and title which existed between 1930 and 1945. The term first came into being during the German elections of 1930, and was held by the head Nazi of a town or city, or in larger cities, of a neighbourhood, for the purposes of election district organization. After 1933, through the process of "Gleichschaltung", the position of "Ortsgruppenleiter" evolved into the Nazi leader of a large town or city or of a city district.
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German election, November 1933 Parliamentary elections in Germany took place on 12 November 1933. They were the first since the Nazi Party seized complete power with the passage of the Enabling Act in March. All opposition parties had been banned by this time, and voters were presented with a single list containing Nazis and 22 non-party "guests" of the Nazi Party. These "guests," who included the likes of Alfred Hugenberg, still fully supported the regime of Adolf Hitler in any event.
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Nazi concentration camps Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (German: "Konzentrationslager" , KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War. The first Nazi camps were erected in Germany in March 1933 immediately after Hitler became Chancellor and his Nazi Party was given control of the police by Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick and Prussian Acting Interior Minister Hermann Göring. Used to hold and torture political opponents and union organizers, the camps initially held around 45,000 prisoners.