Theologus Autodidactus was partly a response to the philosophical novel by a writer born in what year?
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Theologus Autodidactus Theologus Autodidactus ("The Self-taught Theologian"), originally titled The Treatise of Kāmil on the Prophet's Biography (Arabic: الرسالة الكاملية في السيرة النبوية‎ ‎ ), also known as Risālat Fādil ibn Nātiq ("The Book of Fādil ibn Nātiq"), was the first theological novel, written by Ibn al-Nafis. This work is one of the first Arabic novels, may be considered an early example of a science fiction novel, and an early example of a coming of age tale and a desert island story. This novel was written sometime between 1268 and 1277. It was partly a response to the philosophical novel "Hayy ibn Yaqdhan" by Andalusi writer Ibn Tufail.
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Ibn Tufail Ibn Tufail (c. 1105 – 1185) (full Arabic name: أبو بكر محمد بن عبد الملك بن محمد بن طفيل القيسي الأندلسي "Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad ibn Tufail al-Qaisi al-Andalusi"; Latinized form: "Abubacer Aben Tofail"; Anglicized form: "Abubekar" or "Abu Jaafar Ebn Tophail") was a Moorish Andalusian Muslim polymath: a writer, novelist, Islamic philosopher, Islamic theologian, physician, astronomer, vizier, and court official.
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Emile Hennequin Emile Hennequin (1859 – 14 July 1888) was an author, publisher, writer and philosopher who wrote theoretical and critical pieces.
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Theodorus the Atheist Theodorus the Atheist (Greek: Θεόδωρος ὁ ἄθεος ; c. 340 – c. 250 BC ), of Cyrene, was a philosopher of the Cyrenaic school. He lived in both Greece and Alexandria, before ending his days in his native city of Cyrene. As a Cyrenaic philosopher, he taught that the goal of life was to obtain joy and avoid grief, and that the former resulted from knowledge, and the latter from ignorance. But his principal claim to fame was his alleged atheism. He was usually designated by ancient writers "Atheus" (ὁ ἄθεος ), "the Atheist."
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Addison Peale Russell Addison Peale Russell (September 8, 1826 – July 24, 1912) was an American author of the later nineteenth century. He is remembered mainly for his "Sub-Coelum" — "his best book...a Utopian protest against materialistic socialism."
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Seneca the Younger Seneca the Younger (c. 4 BC – AD65), fully Lucius Annaeus Seneca and also known simply as Seneca ( ), was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and—in one work—humorist of the Silver Age of Latin literature. As a tragedian, he is best-known for his "Medea" and "Thyestes".
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A Letter to a Friend A Letter to a Friend (written 1656; published posthumously in 1690), by Sir Thomas Browne, the 17th century philosopher and physician, is a medical treatise of case-histories and witty speculations upon the human condition.
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Mitrofan Lodyzhensky Mitrofan Vasilyevich Lodyzhensky (Russian: Митрофа́н Васи́льевич Лоды́женский , in some sources Лады́женский (Ladyzhensky ); February 27 [O.S. February 15] 1852 – May 31 [O.S. May 18] 1917 ) was a Russian religious philosopher, playwright, and statesman, best known for his "Mystical Trilogy" comprising "Super-consciousness and the Ways to Achieve It", "Light Invisible", and "Dark Force".
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Thrasymachus Thrasymachus ( ; Greek: Θρασύμαχος "Thrasýmachos"; c. 459 – c. 400 BC) was a sophist of Ancient Greece best known as a character in Plato's "Republic".
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Friedrich Theodor Vischer Friedrich Theodor Vischer (] ; 30 June 1807 – 14 September 1887) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, and writer on the philosophy of art. Today, he is mainly remembered as the author of the novel "", in which he developed the concept of "Die Tücke des Objekts" (the spite of objects), a comic theory that inanimate objects conspire against humans.
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Proclus Proclus Lycaeus ( ; 8 February 412 – 17 April 485 AD), called the Successor (Greek Πρόκλος ὁ Διάδοχος , "Próklos ho Diádokhos"), was a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher, one of the last major Classical philosophers (see Damascius). He set forth one of the most elaborate and fully developed systems of Neoplatonism. He stands near the end of the classical development of philosophy, and was very influential on Western medieval philosophy (Greek and Latin).
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Thomas Pennington Lucas Thomas Pennington Lucas (13 April 1843 – 15 November 1917), also known as T.P. Lucas, was a Scottish-born Australian medical practitioner, naturalist, author, philosopher and utopianist.
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Rudolf Steiner Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 (or 25) February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect and esotericist. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as a literary critic and published philosophical works including "The Philosophy of Freedom". At the beginning of the twentieth century he founded an esoteric spiritual movement, anthroposophy, with roots in German idealist philosophy and theosophy; other influences include Goethean science and Rosicrucianism.
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Hermias (apologist) Hermias ( ; sometimes Hermias Philosophus or Hermias the Philosopher; Greek: Ἑρμείας ) was an obscure Christian Apologist, presumed to have lived in 3rd century. Nothing is known of him, except his name. He wrote a "Derision of gentile philosophers" ("Diasyrmos ton Exo Philosophon"), a short parody on Greek philosophy themes (the nature of the body, the soul, the world). From Paul's statement in the First Epistle to the Corinthians that "all worldly knowledge is foolishness to God" he affirms that all philosophical doctrines come from the apostasy of the angels and therefore wrong and laughable. Hermias relies rather on cynical and skeptical culture critique and on philosophical biographies and anedoctes than in their real writings if he had ever read them.
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Sextus Empiricus Sextus Empiricus (Greek: Σέξτος Ἐμπειρικός ; c. 160 – c. 210 AD, n.b., dates uncertain), was a physician and philosopher, and has been variously reported to have lived in Alexandria, Rome, or Athens. His philosophical work is the most complete surviving account of ancient Greek and Roman Pyrrhonism.
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The Improvisatore The Improvisatore (Danish: "Improvisatoren" ) is an autobiographical novel by Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875). First published in 1835, it was an immediate success and is considered to be Andersen's breakthrough. The story, reflecting Andersen's own travels in Italy in 1833, reveals much about his own life and aspirations as experienced by Antonio, the novel's principal character.
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Nicolai Hartmann Nicolai Hartmann (] ; 20 February 1882 – 9 October 1950) was a Baltic German philosopher. He is regarded as a key representative of critical realism and as one of the most important twentieth century metaphysicians.
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Calum Chace Calum Chace is the author of The Economic Singularity and the philosophical science fiction novel "Pandora's Brain".
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Guy Mannering Guy Mannering or The Astrologer is a novel by Sir Walter Scott, published anonymously in 1815. According to an introduction that Scott wrote in 1829, he had originally intended to write a story of the supernatural, but changed his mind soon after starting. The book was a huge success, the first edition selling out on the first day of publication.
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The Over-Soul "The Over-Soul" is an acclaimed essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson, first published in 1841. With the human soul as its overriding subject, several general themes are treated: (1) the existence and nature of the human soul; (2) the relationship between the soul and the personal ego; (3) the relationship of one human soul to another; and (4) the relationship of the human soul to God. Influence of Eastern religions, including Vedantism, is plainly evident, but the essay also develops ideas long present in the Western tradition, e.g., in the works of Plato, Plutarch, and Neoplatonists like Plotinus and Proclus – all of whose writings Emerson read extensively throughout his career – and Emanuel Swedenborg.
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David Hume David Hume ( ; born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.
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Michał Dymitr Krajewski Michał Dymitr Tadeusz Krajewski (8 September 1746 – 5 July 1817), sometimes also referred to as Dymitr M. Krajewski, was a Polish writer and educational activist of the times of the Enlightenment in Poland. His 1784 book "Podolanka" became the most debated and published Polish novel of that year, and his next book, "Wojciech Zdarzyński", is considered to be the first Polish science-fiction novel.