What was a type of sweet bun found in communities where German dialects together make up the second most spoken first language in Brazil after Portuguese?
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Schnecken Schnecken are a type of sweet bun that was a traditional Saturday morning treat in German homes at the beginning of the 20th century and that was commonly found in Jewish immigrant communities in the United States (Philadelphia and Baltimore) or German immigrant communities in Southern Brazil (where they're spelled "chineque").
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German Brazilians German Brazilians (German: "Deutschbrasilianer", Riograndenser Hunsrückisch: "Deitschbrasiliooner", Portuguese: "teuto-brasileiros" ) refers to Brazilian people of ethnic German ancestry or origin. German Brazilians live mostly in the country's South Region, with lesser but still significant degree in the Southeast Region. German dialects together make up the second most spoken first language in Brazil after Portuguese. A few Brazilian municipalities have Brazilian Hunsrückisch and Germanic Pomeranian as co-official with Portuguese. They are located in Southern Brazil and Espírito Santo. In the year 2000 Brazilian census 12 million people in Brazil claimed to be of German descent.
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Rio de Janeiro (state) Rio de Janeiro (] ) is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil. It has the second largest economy of Brazil, with the largest being that of the state of São Paulo.
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Swabian German Swabian (   ) is one of the Alemannic dialects of High German. It is spoken in Swabia, which covers much of the southwestern German state of Baden-Württemberg, including its capital, Stuttgart. It is also spoken in the rural area known as the Swabian Alb, and in the southwest of Bavarian Swabia. Swabian is also nominally spoken by the Danube Swabian population of Hungary, the former Yugoslavia and Romania and by the Caucasus Germans.
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Beijinho Beijinho ] ("Little kiss" in Portuguese), also known as "branquinho" ("little white one"), is a typical Brazilian birthday party candy prepared with condensed milk, grated desiccated coconut, rolled over caster sugar or grated coconut and topped with a clove.
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Franconian cuisine Franconian Cuisine is an umbrella term for all dishes with a specific regional identity belonging to the region of Franconia. It is a subtype of German cuisine with many similarities to Bavarian cuisine and Swabian cuisine. It is often included in the Bavarian cuisine, since most parts of Franconia belong to Bavaria today. There are several franconian food items, which are also famous beyond the borders of Franconia, such as Nürnberger Lebkuchen, Bratwurst or the wines of Franconia. Franconia is also famous for its beer and harbours the highest density of breweries in the world.
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Bavarian language Bavarian (Austro-Bavarian: " " ] ; German: "" ] ; Hungarian: "" ) is a language belonging to Upper German group, spoken in the southeast of the German language area, in southwestern Bavaria, much of Austria and South Tyrol in Italy. Before 1945, Bavarian was also prevalent in parts of southern Czech Republic and western Hungary.
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Bolo de arroz Bolo de arroz is a Portuguese rice muffin, common in Portugal, the Lusosphere countries and regions (which include Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea-Bissau, Timor-Leste, Goa, Malacca and Macau and countries with significant Portuguese immigrant populations, such as Canada, Australia, Luxembourg, the United States, and France, among others.
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Guarani language Guarani ( or ), specifically the primary variety known as Paraguayan Guarani (endonym "avañe'ẽ" ] 'the people's language'), is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tupi–Guarani family of the Tupian languages. It is one of the official languages of Paraguay (along with Spanish), where it is spoken by the majority of the population, and where half of the rural population is monolingual. It is spoken by communities in neighboring countries, including parts of northeastern Argentina, southeastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil, and is a second official language of the Argentine province of Corrientes since 2004; it is also an official language of Mercosur.
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Kariri languages The Karirí languages, generally considered dialects of a single language, are extinct languages formerly spoken by the Kiriri people of Brazil. It was spoken until the middle of the 20th century; the 4,000 ethnic Kiriri are now monolingual Portuguese speakers, though a few know common phrases and names of medicinal plants.
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Russian Mennonite The Russian Mennonites (German: "Russlandmennoniten" occasionally Ukrainian Mennonites) are a group of Mennonites of German language, tradition and ethnicity, who are descendants of German-Dutch Anabaptists who settled for about 250 years in West Prussia and established colonies in the south west of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) beginning in 1789. Since the late 19th century, many of them have come to countries throughout the Western Hemisphere. The rest were forcibly relocated, so that few of their descendants now live at the location of the original colonies. Russian Mennonites are traditionally multilingual with Plautdietsch (Mennonite Low German) as their first language and lingua franca. The term "Russian Mennonite" refers to the country where they resided after the split from Germany and not to their ethnic heritage. In 2014 there are several hundred thousand Russian Mennonites: about 200,000 in Germany, 100,000 in Mexico, 70,000 in Bolivia, 40,000 in Paraguay, 10,000 in Belize and tens of thousands in Canada and the US and a few thousand in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.
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Butterbrot The German word "Butterbrot" (literally: butter bread = bread with butter) describes a slice of bread topped with butter. The words in formal and colloquial German and the different dialects for "butterbrot" (different from "belegtes Brot" - with cheese, sausages etc.), simply "Brot" ("bread"), "Butterstulle", "Stulle", "Schnitte" (all three Northeast/Berlin dialect), "Bütterken" (Rheinland dialect) to "Bemme" (Saxon dialect) or "Knifte" (Ruhr dialect). Although it is increasingly replaced by other foods, it remains a common staple food in Germany. Since 1999, the last Friday in the month of September was made the day of butterbrot by the Marketing Organization of German Agricultural Industries. Russian adopted the term as "butterbrod" (Russian: бутерброд ) to refer to open sandwiches in general, even ones without butter.
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Pamonha Pamonha (] ) is a traditional Brazilian food. It is a paste made from sweet corn, boiled wrapped in corn husks. Variations may include coconut milk. "Pamonha" can be savoury or sweet. If savoury, they can be filled with cheese, sausage, minced meat, minced chicken or peppers. If sweet, ground coconut pulp is a common addition when there is one, but the overwhelming majority is served plain.
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Katukinan languages Katukinan (Catuquinan) is a language family consisting of two languages in Brazil, Katukina-Kanamarí and the perhaps moribund Katawixi. It's often not clear which names in the literature, which are generally tribal names and often correspond to dialects, refer to distinct languages. Indeed, they're close enough that some consider them all to be dialects of a single language, Kanamari (Fabre 2005).
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Texas German Texas German (German: "Texasdeutsch" ) is a German language dialect spoken by descendants of German immigrants who settled in Texas in the mid-19th century. These "German Texans" founded the towns of Bulverde, New Braunfels, Fredericksburg, Boerne, Walburg, and Comfort in Texas Hill Country, and Schulenburg and Weimar to the east.
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Korean Brazilians Korean Brazilians (Portuguese: "Coreano-brasileiro" ) are Brazilians of full, partial, or predominantly Korean ancestry, or a Korean-born person residing in Brazil. The Korean population in Brazil, the largest in Latin America, is about 50,000.
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Sorbs Sorbs (Upper Sorbian: "Serbja" , Lower Sorbian: "Serby" , German: "Sorben" ), known also by their former autonyms Lusatians and Wends, are an West Slavic ethnic group predominantly inhabiting their homeland in Lusatia, a region divided between Germany (the states of Saxony and Brandenburg) and Poland (the provinces of Lower Silesia and Lubusz). According to Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, Serbs from the Balkan peninsula have the same orgins as Lusatians and Kashubians. He also claims that Serbs inhabitated the areas between the rivers Elbe and Vistula, on the southern coast of the Baltic sea. They traditionally speak the Sorbian languages (also known as "Wendish" and "Lusatian"), closely related to the Polish, the Kashubian, the Czech and the Slovak. Sorbian is an officially recognized minority language in Germany. The Sorbs are linguistically and genetically closest to the Czechs and Poles. Due to a gradual and increasing assimilation between the 17th and 20th centuries, virtually all Sorbs also spoke German by the late 19th century and much of the recent generations no longer speak the language. The community is divided religiously between Roman Catholicism (the majority) and Lutheranism. An indicator of the degree of assimilation is the fact that the current Prime Minister of Saxony is a Sorb, Stanislaw Tillich – who speaks the Sorbian as well as the Polish.
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Rhinelandic Rhinelandic is a term occasionally used for linguistic varieties of a region on both sides of the Middle and Lower Rhine river in Central West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. It has at least two distinct meanings which often can only be determined from the fine grain context in which the term is used. (This could be complicated at times since in German publications, local languages of villages or cities are commonly referred to as "the dialects" or "dialect", whereas the regiolects, which are dialects of Standard German in a linguistic sense, are hardly called so, but referred to using terms like "Rhinelandic", "Hessian" or "Bavarian", etc., that also name large compounds of related local languages
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Porglish Porglish or Portuglish (referred to in Portuguese as "portinglês" – ] , ] – or "portunglês" – ] , ] ) refers to various types of language contact between Portuguese and English which have occurred in regions where the two languages coexist. These range from improvised macaronic admixture of and code-switching between the languages by bilingual and partially bilingual users, to more-or-less stable patterns of usage. The name is a portmanteau of the English words "Portuguese" and "English", while its Portuguese translation is a portmanteau of the Portuguese words "português" and "inglês".
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Língua Geral Língua Geral (] , "General Language") is the name of two distinct lingua francas, spoken in Brazil: the "Língua Geral Paulista" ("tupi austral", or Southern Tupi), which was spoken in the region of São Paulo but is now extinct, and the "língua geral amazônica" ("tupinambá") of the Amazon whose modern descendant is Nheengatu.
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Deutschtum Deutschtum (] ) is a German term equating to "Germanness". In English, this may be spelt as either "Dutchdom" or "Deutschdom". It may either refer to the German character and spirit, the belonging and yearning to the German people or the entirety of German ethnic groups residing in foreign countries.
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Bung language The Bung language is a nearly extinct, endangered language of Cameroon spoken by 3 people (in 1995) at the village of Boung on the Adamawa Plateau. It is remembered best by one speaker who learned the language at a young age, though it is not their mother tongue. A wordlist shows its strongest resemblance to be with the Ndung dialect of Mambiloid language Kwanja, although that may simply be because this has become the dominant language of the village where Bung's last speakers reside. It also has words in common with other Mambiloid languages such as Tep, Somyev and Vute, while a number of words' origins remain unclear (possibly Adamawan). For lack of data, it is not definitively classified.