What word used is used to classify a group or family of related living organisms; two examples being Clytostoma from tropical America and Syneilesis from East Asia?
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Clytostoma Clytostoma was a genus of woody-stemmed vines from tropical America, native to Argentina and the southern part of Brazil. It is now considered a synonym of "Bignonia". The botanical name comes from the Greek, "klytos" means splendid or beauteous, and "stoma" means mouth; alluding to the beautiful flowers. It is closely related to "Bignonia", from which it differs chiefly in its simple slender tendrils, the short disk, and that it has a habit of clambering over adjacent foliage using tendrils to hang on tight. The bright glossy green leaves are lobed and divided with 2 leaflets, about 3in (7.6cm) long and 1.5in (3.8cm) wide. They are arranged opposite in pairs and tendrils arise at the ends of the leaf stalks. In late spring, the spectacular 1.5in (3.8cm) trumpet flowers are borne terminally or along the branches. The flowers are pale lavender and delicately detailed with dark violet and purple veins. Flowers are followed by large prickly seed pods. This evergreen ornamental plant easily reaches to 16 feet and is a carefree grower. It has only recently been moved out of the genus "Pandorea".
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Syneilesis Syneilesis is a genus of East Asian plants in the groundsel tribe within the Asteraceae.
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Owenia Owenia is the generic name of two groups of organisms. It can refer to:
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Liliopsida Liliopsida (synonym: Liliatae) is a botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family). It is considered synonymous (or nearly synonymous) with the name monocotyledon. Publication of the name is credited to Scopoli (in 1760): see author citation (botany). This name is formed by replacing the termination "-aceae" in the name Liliaceae by the termination "-opsida" (Art 16 of the ICBN).
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Carlemanniaceae The Carlemanniaceae are a tropical East Asian and Southeast Asian family of subshrub to herbaceous perennial flowering plants with 2 genera. Older systems of plant taxonomy place the two genera, "Carlemannia", and "Silvianthus" within the Caprifoliaceae or the Rubiaceae. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification of 2003 places the group in the Lamiales, as a plant family more closely related to the Oleaceae than to the Caprifoliaceae.
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Musaceae Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with ca 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves with overlapping basal sheaths that form a pseudostem making some members appear to be woody trees. In most treatments, the family has three genera, "Musella", "Musa" and "Ensete". Cultivated bananas are commercially important members of the family, and many others are grown as ornamental plants.
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Grammitidoideae Grammitidoideae is a subfamily of the fern family Polypodiaceae, whose members are informally known as grammitids. It comprises a clade of about 750 species. They are distributed over higher elevations in both the Old and New World. This group was previously treated as a separate family, Grammitidaceae until molecular phylogenies showed it to be nested within the Polypodiaceae. It has since been treated as an unranked clade within subfamily Polypodioideae (renamed tribe Polypodieae in one classification), and, most recently, as a separate subfamily (reducing Polypodioideae to an evolutionary grade).
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Lepidotrichidae Lepidotrichidae is a family of basal insects belonging to the order Zygentoma. The family is considered to contain two genera: the extinct "Lepidotrix", known from specimens preserved in Baltic amber, and the extant "Tricholepidion", which contains a single species, "Tricholepidion gertschi". This species is an example of a living fossil, the one remaining member of a clade which was once widespread. Recent research has suggested the extant species should be assigned to its own family, Tricholepidiidae.
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Anostomidae The Anostomidae are a family of ray-finned fishes that belong to the order Characiformes. Closely related to the Chilodontidae and formerly included with them, the Anostomidae contain about 150 described species. Commonly known as anostomids, they are found in freshwater habitats from the Río Atrato in northernmost South America to warm-temperate central Argentina; they are of Amazon origin, with few found west of the Andes (mainly in Colombia and Venezuela). Their scientific name approximately means "mouth on top", from Ancient Greek "áno-" (ἄνω) "up" (as an adverb) + "stóma" (στόμᾶ) "mouth", in reference to the arrangement of these fishes' mouth opening.
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Gene nomenclature Gene nomenclature is the scientific naming of genes, the units of heredity in living organisms. An international committee published recommendations for genetic symbols and nomenclature in 1957. The need to develop formal guidelines for human gene names and symbols was recognized in the 1960s and full guidelines were issued in 1979 (Edinburgh Human Genome Meeting). Several other genus-specific research communities (e.g., "Drosophila" fruit flies, "Mus" mice) have adopted nomenclature standards, as well, and have published them on the relevant model organism websites and in scientific journals, including the "Trends in Genetics" Genetic Nomenclature Guide. Scientists familiar with a particular gene family may work together to revise the nomenclature for the entire set of genes when new information becomes available. For many genes and their corresponding proteins, an assortment of alternate names is in use across the scientific literature and public biological databases, posing a challenge to effective organization and exchange of biological information. Standardization of nomenclature thus tries to achieve the benefits of vocabulary control and bibliographic control, although adherence is voluntary. The advent of the information age has brought gene ontology, which in some ways is a next step of gene nomenclature, because it aims to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species.
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Cyclostomatida Cyclostomatida, or cyclostomes (which also refers to a group of jawless fish called Cyclostomata), are an ancient order of stenolaemate bryozoans which first appeared in the Lower Ordovician. It consists of 7+ suborders, 59+ families, 373+ genera, and 666+ species. The cyclostome bryozoans were dominant in the Mesozoic; since that era, they have decreased. Currently, cyclostomes seldom constitute more than 20% of the species recorded in regional bryozoan faunas.
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Paraspecies A paraspecies (a paraphyletic species) is a species, living or fossil, that gave rise to one or more daughter species without itself becoming extinct. Geographically widespread species that have given rise to one or more daughter species as peripheral isolates without themselves becoming extinct (i.e. through peripatric speciation) are examples of paraspecies.
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Cranopsis The Latin word Cranopsis has been used to name animal genera of frogs, mollusks and branchiopods. "Cranopsis" (Cope 1875), was used for an anuran, and is a junior homonym of "Cranopsis" (Adams 1860), for a mollusk; and "Cranopsis" (Dall 1871), for a branchiopod. "Cranopsis" currently describes a mollusk genus in the family Fissurellidae.
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Chaetodon Chaetodon is a tropical fish genus in the family Chaetodontidae. Like their relatives, they are known as "butterflyfish". This genus is by far the largest among the Chaetodontidae, with about 90 living species included here, though most might warrant recognition as distinct genera.
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Memecylon Memecylon is a plant group in Melastomataceae. It consists of 350-400 species of small to medium sized trees and shrubs occurring in the Old World tropics. "Memecylon" is a monophyletic group basal to the Melastomataceae clade. "Memecylon" taxa have more than 600 published basionyms. Diversity of this group is concentrated in tropical Africa, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, India and Malaysia.
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Aglaomorpha Aglaomorpha is the generic name of two groups of organisms. It can refer to:
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Sister group A sister group or sister taxon is a phylogenetic term denoting the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: A, B, and C each represent a taxon:
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Convolute (botany) Convolute as a verb literally means to "roll together" or "roll around", from the Latin "convolvere". In general application the word can mean to "tangle" or "complicate", but in botanical descriptions convolute usually is an adjective from the Latin "convolutus", meaning "rolled around". It commonly refers to a special class of imbricate structures — those where the overlapping edges of leaves, scales or similar elements are spirally wrapped, each scale having one edge within the previous scale and one outside the next scale. In the family Restionaceae the leaf sheaths commonly are convolute in this sense. However in structures such as a spathe, where there is only one element, a convolute (or "convolutive") element is spirally wrapped around itself or its branch. This is common in the buds of leaves and inflorescences of members of the family Araceae.
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Corticioid fungi The corticioid fungi are a group of fungi in the Basidiomycota typically having effused, smooth basidiocarps (fruit bodies) that are formed on the undersides of dead tree trunks or branches. They are sometimes colloquially called crust fungi or patch fungi. Originally such fungi were referred to the genus "Corticium" ("corticioid" means "Corticium"-like) and subsequently to the family "Corticiaceae", but it is now known that corticioid species are not closely related. The fact that they look similar is an example of adaptive evolution. Since they are often studied as a group, it is convenient to retain the informal (non-taxonomic) name of "corticioid fungi" and this term is frequently used in research papers and other texts.
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Orthopteroid Orthopteroids are insects which historically would have been included in the order Orthoptera. When Carl Linnaeus started applying binomial names to animals in the 10th edition of his "Systema Naturae" in 1758, there were few animals included in the scheme, and consequently few groups. As more and more new species were discovered and differences recognised, the original groups proposed by Linnaeus were split up.
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Gamopetalae Gamopetalae is an artificial group used in the identification of plants based on Bentham and Hooker's classification system. George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker published an excellent classification in three volumes between 1862 and 1883. As a natural system of classification, it does not show evolutionary relationship between plants but still is a useful and popular system of classification based on a dichotomous key especially for the flowering plant groups (angiosperms). It is the most popular system of classification based on key characteristics enabling taxonomic students to quickly identify plant groups based only on physical characteristics. However, it is not a scientific group and is used for identification purposes only based on similar plant characteristics. Under the system Gamopetalae is a Sub Class and comprises;
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Clusiaceae The Clusiaceae or Guttiferae ("nom. alt. et cons." = alternative and valid name) are a family of plants including 13 genera and ca 750 species. Several former members of Clusiacae are now placed in Calophyllaceae and Hypericaceae. They are mostly trees and shrubs, with milky sap and fruits or capsules for seeds. The family is primarily tropical. More so than many plant families, it shows large variation in plant morphology (for example, three to 10, fused or unfused petals, and many other traits). According to the APG III, this family belongs to the order Malpighiales.