The Jewish Museum of Turkey and Kalenderhane Mosque were both the product of what empire?
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Jewish Museum of Turkey Jewish Museum of Turkey (officially "Quincentennial Foundation Museum of Turkish Jews"; Turkish: "500. Yıl Vakfı Türk Musevileri Müzesi" ) is a cultural center established by the Quincentennial Foundation to inform the society of the traditions and history of Turkish Jewry. It was inaugurated on November 25, 2001. The Quincentennial Foundation was established in 1989 by 113 Turkish citizens, Jews and Muslims alike, to celebrate the five hundredth anniversary of the arrival of Sephardim to the Ottoman Empire. The idea of a museum was proposed by Naim Güleryüz who is now its curator and the foundation was financed by the prominent Jewish Kamhi family.
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Kalenderhane Mosque Kalenderhane Mosque (Turkish: "Kalenderhane Camii" ) is a former Eastern Orthodox church in Istanbul, converted into a mosque by the Ottomans. With high probability the church was originally dedicated to the Theotokos Kyriotissa. The building is sometimes referred to as Kalender Haneh Jamissi and St. Mary Diaconissa. This building represents one among the few extant examples of a Byzantine church with domed Greek cross plan.
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Museum of Illumination and Heating Appliances The Museum of Illumination and Heating Appliances (Turkish: "Aydınlatma ve Isıtma Araçları Müzesi" ) is a small, privately run museum adjacent to the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia in the Sultanahhmet neighbourhood of Eminönü in Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ese Kapi Mosque Ese Kapi Mosque (Turkish: "Ese Kapı Mescidi" , where "mescit" is the Turkish word for a small mosque), also "Isa Kapi Mosque", meaning in English "Mosque of the Gate of Jesus", was an Ottoman mosque in Istanbul, Turkey. The building was originally a Byzantine Eastern Orthodox church of unknown dedication.
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Siege of Constantinople (1411) The Siege of Constantinople of 1411 occurred during the Ottoman Interregnum, or Ottoman Civil War, (20 July 1402 – 5 July 1413), when chaos reigned in the Ottoman Empire following the defeat of Sultan Bayezid I by the Central Asian warlord Timur. Although Mehmed Çelebi was confirmed as sultan by Timur after the Battle of Ankara, his brothers İsa Çelebi, Musa Çelebi, Süleyman Çelebi, and later, Mustafa Çelebi, refused to recognize his authority, each claiming the throne for himself. A civil war was the result. The Interregnum lasted until the Battle of Camurlu on 5 July 1413, when Mehmed Çelebi emerged as victor in the strife, crowned himself sultan Mehmed I, and restored peace to the empire.
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Dura-Europos synagogue The Dura-Europos synagogue (or "Dura Europas", "Dura Europos" etc.) is an ancient synagogue uncovered at Dura-Europos, Syria, in 1932. The last phase of construction was dated by an Aramaic inscription to 244 CE, making it one of the oldest synagogues in the world. It is unique among the many ancient synagogues that have emerged from archaeological digs as the structure was preserved virtually intact, and it had extensive figurative wall-paintings, which came as a considerable surprise to scholars. These paintings are now displayed in the National Museum of Damascus.
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Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Empire ( ; c. 550–330 BC ), also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great. Ranging at its greatest extent from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west to the Indus Valley in the east, it was one of the largest empires in history, spanning 5.5 million square kilometers, and was larger than any previous empire in history. It is equally notable for its successful model of a centralised, bureaucratic administration (through satraps under the King of Kings), for building infrastructure such as road systems and a postal system, the use of an official language across its territories, and the development of civil services and a large professional army. The empire's successes inspired similar systems in later empires. It is noted in Western history as the antagonist of the Greek city-states during the Greco-Persian Wars and for the emancipation of the Jewish exiles in Babylon.
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Architecture of Istanbul The Architecture of Istanbul describes a large mixture of structures which reflect the many influences that have made an indelible mark in all districts of the city. The ancient part of the city (the historic peninsula) is still partially surrounded by the Walls of Constantinople, erected in 5th century by the Emperor Theodosius II to protect the city from invasion. The architecture inside the city proper contains buildings, statues, and functional constructions which came from Byzantine, Genoese, Ottoman, and modern Turkish sources. The city has many architecturally significant entities. Throughout its long history, Istanbul has acquired a reputation for being a cultural and ethnic melting pot. As a result, there are many historical mosques, churches, synagogues, palaces, castles and towers to visit in the city.
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Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17) The Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–1517 was the second major conflict between the Egypt-based Mamluk Sultanate and the Ottoman Empire, which led to the fall of the Mamluk Sultanate and the incorporation of the Levant, Egypt and the Hejaz as provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The war transformed the Ottoman Empire from a realm at the margins of the Islamic world, mainly located in Anatolia and the Balkans, to a huge empire encompassing the traditional lands of Islam, including the cities of Mecca, Cairo, Damascus and Aleppo. It continued to be ruled however from Constantinople.
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Kars Museum The Kars Museum was opened in 1963 in the Cathedral of Kars (now the Kümbet Mosque) of Kars, Turkey.
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Sydney Jewish Museum The Sydney Jewish Museum is a museum in Sydney, Australia, which documents the Holocaust and the history of the Jewish people in Australia. The museum is located at 148 Darlinghurst Road, Darlinghurst, and is housed in the historic Maccabean Hall built to commemorate Jewish men and women from New South Wales who served in World War I. This New South Wales Jewish War Memorial, formally opened by Sir John Monash on Armistice Day 1923, has long been a hub of Jewish life in Sydney and was judged an appropriate site for the Sydney Jewish Museum.
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Jewish Museum (Bucharest) The Jewish Museum in Bucharest, Romania is located in the former Templul Unirea Sfântă (United Holy Temple) synagogue, which survived both World War II and Nicolae Ceauşescu unscathed.
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Ethnography Museum of Ankara The Ethnography Museum of Ankara is a museum of ethnography dedicated to the cultures of Turkic civilizations. The building was designed by architect Arif Hikmet Koyunoğlu and was built between 1925 and 1928. The museum temporarily hosted the sarcophagus of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from November 21, 1938 until November 10, 1953, during the period of the construction of Anıtkabir, its final resting place.
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Haseki Sultan Complex The Haseki Sultan Complex (also Hürrem Sultan Complex) (Turkish: "Haseki Hürrem Sultan Külliyesi" ) is a 16th-century Ottoman mosque complex in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey. It was the first royal project designed by the chief imperial architect Mimar Sinan.
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Khazars The Khazars (Turkish: "Hazarlar" , Tatar: Xäzärlär , Hebrew: כוזרים‎ ‎ ("Kuzarim"), Arabic: خزر‎ ‎ (khazar), Ukrainian: Хоза́ри , Russian: Хаза́ры , Persian: خزر‎ ‎ , , Latin: "Gazari/Gasani" ) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people, who created what for its duration was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Kaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between northern Europe and southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading emporia of the medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East and Kievan Rus'. For some three centuries (c. 650–965) the Khazars dominated the vast area extending from the Volga-Don steppes to the eastern Crimea and the northern Caucasus.
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Omer Pasha Mosque Omer Pasha Mosque was built by Ketendji Omer Pasha in 1602. It is located in Elmalı, Antalya Province, Turkey. It reflects the classical Ottoman architecture. The mosque is the biggest Ottoman mosque in the Antalya area.
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Ottoman dynasty The Ottoman dynasty (Turkish: "Osmanlı Hanedanı" ) was made up of the members of the imperial House of Osman (Ottoman Turkish: خاندان آل عثمان‎ "Ḫānedān-ı Āl-ı ʿOsmān"). Also known as the Ottomans (Turkish: "Osmanlılar" ). According to Ottoman tradition, the family originated from the Kayı tribe branch of the Oghuz Turks, under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia in the district of Bilecik Söğüt. The Ottoman dynasty, named after Osman I, ruled the Ottoman Empire from c. 1299 to 1922.
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Fener, Fatih Fener is a quarter midway up the Golden Horn within the district of Fatih in Istanbul, Turkey. The streets in the area are full of historic wooden mansions, churches, and synagogues dating from the Byzantine and Ottoman eras. The wooden mansions between the main axis and the shore were often used for importing wood from Pontus or the Black Sea area. Their picturesque facades were largely destroyed due to street widening requirements in the 1930s and later.The area's name is a Turkish transliteration of the original Greek φανάριον (a lighting lantern, a streetlight, a lightpost with a light lantern – from φανός: a lighting lantern; syn. πυρσός: light-torch, φάρος: beacon, lighthouse) (Classical: "phanárion", modern: "fanári", "lantern"). It was so called for a column topped with a lantern which stood there in the Byzantine period – used as a public light or marine and/or other purpose locator/beacon.
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Blue Mosque, Yerevan The Blue Mosque (Armenian: Կապույտ մզկիթ , "Kapuyt mzkit"; Persian: مسجد کبود‎ ‎ "Masjed-e Kabud") is an 18th-century Shia mosque in Yerevan, Armenia. During the Soviet era, the mosque stopped its services and housed the History Museum of Yerevan. Following Armenia's independence, the mosque was renovated with the support from the Iranian government and again started acting as a mosque, mostly for Iranians residing in the country. It is currently the only active mosque in Armenia.
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List of campaigns of Suleiman the Magnificent The imperial campaigns (Ottoman Turkish: سفر همايون‎ , "sefer-i humāyūn") of Suleiman the Magnificent were a series of campaigns led by Suleiman, who was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He is known in the Western world as "Suleiman the Magnificent", and in the East as "the Lawgiver" (Turkish: "Kânûnî" ), for his complete reconstruction of the Ottoman legal system. During his reign from 1520 to his death in 1566, the Ottoman Empire became the most powerful state in the world. At its height, the Empire stretched from Hungary to Yemen.
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Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) The Mamluk Sultanate (Arabic: سلطنة المماليك‎ ‎ "Salṭanat al-Mamālīk") was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz. It lasted from the overthrow of the Ayyubid dynasty until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Historians have traditionally broken the era of Mamlūk rule into two periods—one covering 1250–1382, the other, 1382–1517. Western historians call the former the "Baḥrī" period and the latter the "Burjī" due to the political dominance of the regimes known by these names during the respective eras. Contemporary Muslim historians refer to the same divisions as the "Turkish" and "Circassian" periods in order to stress the change in the ethnic origins of the majority of Mamlūks.
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Yivliminare Mosque The Alaaddin Mosque or Yivli Minare Mosque (literally: "Fluted Minaret" Mosque), commonly also called Ulu Mosque (Turkish: "Ulu Cami" , "Grand Mosque") in Antalya is a historical mosque built by the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan Alaaddin Keykubad I. It is part of a külliye (complex of structures) which includes the Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev Medrese, Seljuk and Dervish lodge, and the vaults of Zincirkıran and Nigar Hatun. The mosque is located in Kaleiçi (the old town centre) along Cumhuriyet Caddesi, next to Kalekapısı Meydanı. The mosque's fluted minaret called the Yivli Minare, which is decorated with dark blue tiles, is a landmark and symbol of the city.