The papal election of 1159 followed the death of which pope, who ruled from 1154 until 1159?
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Papal election, 1159 The Papal election of 4–7 September 1159 followed the death of Pope Adrian IV. It resulted in a double election. A majority of the cardinals elected Cardinal Rolando of Siena as Pope Alexander III, but a minority refused to recognize him and elected their own candidate Ottaviano de Monticelli, who took the name Victor IV, creating a schism which lasted until 1178.
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Pope Adrian IV Pope Adrian IV (Latin: "Adrianus IV" ; born Nicholas Breakspear;  1100 1 September 1159) was Pope from 4 December 1154 to his death in 1159.
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Papal conclave, 1458 The Papal conclave of 1458 (August 16–19, 1458) convened after the death of Pope Callixtus III, elected as his successor Cardinal Enea Silvio Piccolomini, who took the name Pius II.
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Romuald I (archbishop of Salerno) Romuald I (Italian: "Romualdo" ) (died 1 April 1136) was the Archbishop of Salerno from 1121 until his death. He had been the cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Via Lata from "c". 1109, and in that capacity served Pope Paschal II as a diplomat. Together with Pietro Senex, cardinal-bishop of Porto, he mediated between Landulf II, Archbishop of Benevento, and Landulf of Greca, the papal constable of the Duchy of Benevento, in 1114. Romuald found the archbishop to blame for the conflict, and the pope deposed him from his see at the Council of Ceprano in October that year. An eyewitness account of the proceedings against Landulf is found in Falco of Benevento.
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Pope Innocent XII Pope Innocent XII (Latin: "Innocentius XII" ; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was Pope from 12 July 1691 to his death in 1700.
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Frederick II (Archbishop of Cologne) Friedrich II of Berg (1120 – 15 December 1158), was Archbishop of Cologne from 1156 until his death in 1158.
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Pope John IX Pope John IX (Latin: "Ioannes IX" ; died January 900) was Pope from January 898 to his death in 900.
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Pope Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII (Latin: "Urbanus VIII" ; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), reigned as pope from 6 August 1623 to his death in 1644. He expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts and a reformer of Church missions.
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Pope Benedict III Pope Benedict III (Latin: "Benedictus III" ; died 17 April 858) was Pope from 29 September 855 to his death in 858.
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Papal conclave, 1447 The papal conclave of March 4–6, 1447, meeting in the Roman basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, elected Pope Nicholas V (Parentucelli) to succeed Pope Eugene IV (Condulmer).
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Papal election, 1061 The papal election of 1061 was held on 30 September 1061 in San Pietro in Vincoli ("Saint Peter in Chains") in Rome, following the death of Pope Nicholas II. In accordance with Nicholas II's bull, "In Nomine Domini", the cardinal bishops were the sole electors of the pope for the first time in the history of the Roman Catholic Church. Bishop Anselmo de Baggio of Lucca, a non-cardinal and one of the founders of the Pataria, was elected Pope Alexander II and crowned at nightfall on 1 October 1061 in San Pietro in Vincoli Basilica because opposition to the election made a coronation in St. Peter's Basilica impossible.
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Pope Benedict I Pope Benedict I (Latin: "Benedictus I" ; d. 30 July 579) was Pope from 2 June 575 to his death in 579.
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Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja ( , Spanish: Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja ] ; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, partly because he acknowledged fathering several children by his mistresses. Therefore his Italianized Valencian surname, "Borgia", became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are traditionally considered as characterizing his pontificate. Two of Alexander's successors, the controversial pontiffs Sixtus V and Urban VIII, described him as one of the most outstanding popes since Saint Peter.
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Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX Latin: "Gregorius IX" (born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241), was Pope from 19 March 1227 to his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the "Decretales" and instituting the Papal Inquisition, a mechanism that severely punished people accused of heresy, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III through his papal bull "Ad abolendam" issued in 1184.
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Pope Clement IX Pope Clement IX (Latin: "Clemens IX" ; 28 January 1600 – 9 December 1669), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 20 June 1667 to his death in 1669.
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Osbert de Bayeux Osbert de Bayeux ("floruit" 1121 to 1184) was a medieval English cleric and archdeacon in the Diocese of York. A relative of Thurstan, the Archbishop of York, Osbert probably owed his ecclesiastical positions to this relative. After Thurstan's death, Osbert was opposed to one of the candidates for the archbishopric, William fitzHerbert, and worked to secure fitzHerbert's deposition and replacement by Henry Murdac. After Murdac's death in 1153, Osbert tried to prevent the return of fitzHerbert, but these attempts were unsuccessful. When fitzHerbert died suddenly in 1154, Osbert was accused of murdering the newly returned archbishop. Although he was never convicted of the murder in either a secular or an ecclesiastical court, he was stripped of his clerical status and became a layman before 1158. He died after 1184, perhaps even after 1194.
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Pope Paschal II Pope Paschal II (Latin: "Paschalis II" ; 1050   1055 – 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was Pope from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118.
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Pope Honorius I Pope Honorius I (died 12 October 638) was Pope from 27 October 625 to his death in 638.
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Antipope Theodore Theodore was a rival with Paschal for Pope following the death of Pope Conon (21 September 687), and thus is considered an antipope of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Pope Boniface IV Pope Boniface IV (Latin: "Bonifatius IV" ; d. 8 May 615) was Pope from 25 September 608 to his death in 615. He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church with a universal feast falling annually on 25 May.
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Pope Lucius II Pope Lucius II (Latin: "Lucius II" ; died 15 February 1145), born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was Pope from 9 March 1144 to his death in 1145. His pontificate was notable for the unrest in Rome associated with the Commune of Rome and its attempts to wrest control of the city from the papacy.
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Pope John XVII Pope John XVII (Latin: "Ioannes XVII" ; died 6 November 1003) was Pope for about seven months from 16 May to 6 November 1003. He was born John Sicco, the son of another John Sicco, in the region of Rome then referred to as Biveretica. He succeeded Pope Silvester II.