What was the English publication name of the architecture treatise written by the Roman author commonly known as Vitruvius?
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De architectura "De architectura" (English: "On architecture" , published as Ten Books on Architecture) is a treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect and military engineer Marcus Vitruvius Pollio and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects. As the only treatise on architecture to survive from antiquity, it has been regarded since the Renaissance as the first book on architectural theory, as well as a major source on the canon of Classical Architecture. It contains a variety of information on Greek and Roman buildings, as well as prescriptions for the planning and design of military camps, cities, and structures both large (aqueducts, buildings, baths, harbours) and small (machines, measuring devices, instruments). Since Vitruvius published before the development of cross vaulting, domes, concrete, and other innovations associated with Imperial Roman architecture, his ten books are not regarded as a source of information on these hallmarks of Roman building design and technology.
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Vitruvius Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (born c. 80–70 BC, died after c. 15 BC), commonly known as Vitruvius, was a Roman author, architect, civil engineer and military engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled "De architectura". His discussion of perfect proportion in architecture and the human body, led to the famous Renaissance drawing by Da Vinci of "Vitruvian Man".
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James Smith (architect) James Smith (c. 1645–1731) was a Scottish architect, who pioneered the Palladian style in Scotland. He was described by Colen Campbell, in his "Vitruvius Britannicus" (1715–1725), as "the most experienced architect of that kingdom".
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Architecture criticism Architecture criticism is the critique of architecture. Everyday criticism relates to published or broadcast critiques of buildings, whether completed or not, both in terms of news and other criteria. In many cases, criticism amounts to an assessment of the architect's success in meeting his or her own aims and objectives and those of others. The assessment may consider the subject from the perspective of some wider context, which may involve planning, social or aesthetic issues. It may also take a polemical position reflecting the critic's own values. At the most accessible extreme, architectural criticism is a branch of lifestyle journalism, especially in the case of high-end residential projects.
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Opus mixtum Opus mixtum (Latin: "mixed work"), or Opus vagecum and Opus compositum, was an ancient Roman construction technique. It can consist in a mix of "opus reticulatum" and at the angles and the sides of "opus latericium".
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Metamorphoses The Metamorphoses (Latin: "Metamorphōseōn librī" : "Books of Transformations") is a Latin narrative poem by the Roman poet Ovid, considered his "magnum opus". Comprising fifteen books and over 250 myths, the poem chronicles the history of the world from its creation to the deification of Julius Caesar within a loose mythico-historical framework.
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Naturales quaestiones Naturales quaestiones is a Latin encyclopedia of the natural world written by Seneca around 65 AD. It is much shorter than the "Naturalis Historia" produced by Pliny the Elder some ten years later. It is one of the few Roman works which deals with scientific matters, although is not a systematic work, but a collection of facts of nature from various writers, Greek and Roman. Moral remarks are scattered through the work; and the intent of the encyclopedia appears to be to discover a foundation for ethics in the knowledge of nature.
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Cambridge (book) Cambridge is Tim Rawle's introduction to the architectural history of Cambridge. Concise essays telling the story of the city's growth from Roman times to the present day and of the development of the colleges of the University of Cambridge are profusely illustrated with Rawle's photographs of townscapes and views of the colleges.
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62 Pompeii earthquake The 62 Pompeii earthquake occurred on 5 February 62 AD. It had an estimated magnitude of between 5 and 6 and a maximum intensity of IX or X on the Mercalli intensity scale. The towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum were severely damaged. The earthquake may have been a precursor to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79, which destroyed the same two towns. The contemporary philosopher and dramatist Seneca the Younger wrote an account of the earthquake in the sixth book of his "Naturales quaestiones", entitled "De Terrae Motu" ("Concerning Earthquakes").
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Karpion Karpion was an ancient Greek architect and architectural theorist active in the fifth century BC. On the testimony of Vitruvius (7, praef. 12) he and Iktinos co-authored a treatise on the proportions of the Parthenon, the major Periklean Temple of Athena on the Acropolis of Athens.
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Marinus of Tyre Marinus of Tyre (Greek: Μαρῖνος ὁ Τύριος , "Marînos o Týrios";  70–130) was a Greek or Hellenized geographer, cartographer and mathematician, who founded mathematical geography and provided the underpinnings of Claudius Ptolemy's influential "Geography".
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Architects' Data Architects' Data (German: "Bauentwurfslehre" ), also simply known as the Neufert, is a reference book for spatial requirements in building design and site planning. First published in 1936 by Ernst Neufert, its 39 German editions and translations into 17 languages have sold over 500,000 copies. The first English version was published in 1970 and was translated from the original German by Rudolf Herz.
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Ruina montium Ruina montium (Latin, "wrecking of mountains") was an ancient Roman mining technique that draws on the principle of Pascal's barrel. Miners would excavate narrow cavities down into a mountain, whereby filling the cavities with water would cause pressures large enough to fragment thick rock walls. It was described by Pliny the Elder ("Natural History" 33.21), who served as procurator in Spain.
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A Treatise of Human Nature (Abstract) An Abstract of a Book lately Published, full title "An Abstract of a Book lately Published; Entitled, A Treatise of Human Nature, &c. Wherein the Chief Argument of that Book is farther Illustrated and Explained" is a summary of the main doctrines of David Hume's work "A Treatise of Human Nature", published anonymously in 1740. There has been speculation about the authorship of the work. Some scholars believe it was written by Hume's friend, the economist Adam Smith. Most believe it was written by Hume himself, in an attempt to popularise the "Treatise".
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Alexander Carpenter Alexander Carpenter, Latinized as Fabricius ("fl." 1429), was the author of the "Destructorium viciorum", a religious work popular in the 15th and 16th centuries. Some published editions of the work bear the author's name as ""Alexander Anglus"" ("Alexander the Englishman"), but he is further identified in a 1496 edition which states that the work was compiled ""a cuiusdam fabri lignarii filio"" -- "by a certain son of a worker of wood," "i.e.", a carpenter's son. This identifier also states that the work was begun in 1429, which rules out authorship by Alexander of Hales ("ca." 1185-1245) which had by some scholars been considered a possibility. Alexander Carpenter authored other works, termed "Homiliae eruditae" ("Learned Sermons"), but they are not at present known.
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Yingzao Fashi The Yingzao Fashi () is a technical treatise on architecture and craftsmanship written by the Chinese author Li Jie (李誡; 1065–1110), the Directorate of Buildings and Construction during the mid Song Dynasty of China. A promising architect, he revised many older treatises on architecture from 1097 to 1100. By 1100, he had completed his own architectural work, which he presented to Emperor Zhezong of Song. The emperor's successor, Emperor Huizong of Song, had the book published in 1103 in order to provide a unified set of architectural standards for builders, architects, and literate craftsmen as well as for the engineering agencies of the central government.
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A City is Not a Tree A City is Not a Tree is a widely cited 1965 essay (later published as a book) by the architect and design theorist Christopher Alexander, first published in the journal "Architectural Forum", and re-published many times since. In 2015 the essay was published as a book including new exegesis commentaries on the original essay from other architects, engineers and physicists. "A City is Not a Tree" has been widely described as a landmark text, and the Resource for Urban Design Information calls it "one of the classic references in the literature of the built environment and related fields".
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The Treatise (Walter of Bibbesworth) The Treatise (original title "Le Tretiz") is an Anglo-Norman poem written in the mid-13th century by Walter of Bibbesworth, addressed to Dionisie de Munchensi, with the aim of helping her to teach her children French, the language of the Norman aristocracy. It was a popular text in medieval England, and is a very early example of a book intended for reading to children.
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Roman temple Ancient Roman temples were among the most important buildings in Roman culture, and some of the richest buildings in Roman architecture, though only a few survive in any sort of complete state. Today they remain "the most obvious symbol of Roman architecture". Their construction and maintenance was a major part of ancient Roman religion, and all towns of any importance had at least one main temple, as well as smaller shrines. The main room "(cella)" housed the cult image of the deity to whom the temple was dedicated, and often a small altar for incense or libations. Behind the cella was a room or rooms used by temple attendants for storage of equipment and offerings. The ordinary worshipper rarely entered the cella, and most public ceremonies were performed outside, on the portico, with a crowd gathered in the temple precinct.
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On the Universe De mundo (Greek: Περὶ Κόσμου ), known in English as On the Universe, is the work of an unknown author who wrote under the name of Aristotle. Because of this, the author is referred to as a Pseudo-Aristotle. The date of the work is uncertain; it has been argued that it was composed before 250 BC or between 350 and 200 BC. It is found under the Bekker numbers 391–401. It should not be confused with "On the Heavens".
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The Monument of Matrones The Monument of Matrones (1582) was the first published anthology of English women's writing. A compilation of prayers and meditations written largely by and for women published in London, its full title was "The Monument of Matrones: Conteining Seven Severall Lamps of Virginitie, or Distinct Treatises; Whereof the First Five Concerne Praier and Meditation: the Other Two Last, Precepts and Examples". The "Monument"'s seven "Lampes" or books make up 1500 quarto pages.
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The Four Elements of Architecture The Four Elements of Architecture is a book by the German architect Gottfried Semper. Published in 1851, it is an attempt to explain the origins of architecture through the lens of anthropology. The book divides architecture into four distinct elements: the hearth, the roof, the enclosure and the mound. The origins of each element can be found in the traditional crafts of ancient "barbarians":