When was the merger of Fiat S.p.A. into a new holding company, FCA  became effective?
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Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. (abbreviated as FCA) is an Italian-controlled multinational corporation incorporated in the Netherlands, and currently the world’s seventh-largest auto maker. The group was established in late 2014 by merging Fiat S.p.A. into a new holding company, FCA (with headquarters in London) for tax purposes. The holding company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and Borsa Italiana in Milan. Exor S.p.A, an Italian investment group controlled by the Agnelli family, owns 29.19% of FCA and controls 44.31% through a loyalty voting mechanism.
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Fiat S.p.A. Fiat S.p.A., or "Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino" (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin), was an Italian holding company whose original and core activities were in the automotive industry, and that was succeeded by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV (FCA). The Fiat Group contained many brands such as Ferrari, Maserati, Fiat, Alfa Romeo, the Chrysler Group, and many more. On 29 January 2014, it was announced that Fiat S.p.A. (the former owner of Fiat Group) was to be merged into a new Netherlands-based holding company Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV (FCA), took place before the end of 2014. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles became the new owner of Fiat Group. On 1 August 2014, Fiat S.p.A. received necessary shareholder approval to proceed with the merger (which followed board approval). The merger became effective 12 October 2014.
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Jeep Jeep is a brand of American automobiles that is a division of FCA US LLC (formerly Chrysler Group, LLC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles. The former Chrysler Corporation acquired the Jeep brand, along with the remaining assets of its owner American Motors, in 1987. The division is headquartered in Toledo, Ohio. Jeep's current product range consists solely of sport utility vehicles and off-road vehicles, but has also included pickup trucks in the past.
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Cassa di Risparmio di Torino Banca Cassa di Risparmio di Torino S.p.A. known as Banca CRT, or Caritorino, was an Italian regional bank based in Turin, Piedmont. In 1997, the bank joined Unicredito Group, as well as in 1998 followed the group to merge with Credito Italiano to form UniCredito Italiano (now known as UniCredit). In 2002 the bank was absorbed into the parent company.
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Cassa di Risparmio di Alessandria Cassa di Risparmio di Alessandria was an Italian regional bank based in Alessandria, Piedmont. It was absorbed into the parent company Banca Popolare di Milano in 2012.
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Cardine Banca Cardine Banca S.p.A. was an Italian banking group found in 2000 by the merger of Casse Emiliano Romagnole and Casse Venete Banca. On 1 June 2002 the group was acquired by Sanpaolo IMI in an all shares deal.
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UniCredit Bank Slovakia UniCredit Bank Slovakia was a Slovak bank, formed by the merger of HVB Bank Slovakia and UniBanka in 2007, both owned by Italy-based UniCredit Group. In 2013 it was absorbed by UniCredit Bank Czech Republic, forming UniCredit Bank Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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Credito Italiano Credito Italiano also known as just Credit, was an Italian bank, now part of UniCredit. It was merged with Unicredito in 1998, forming Unicredito Italiano (now UniCredit). Circa 1999 to 2002 UniCredit created a new subsidiary of the same name to run the retail network of Credito Italiano. On 1 July 2002 the subsidiary received the assets of sister banks to become UniCredit Banca.
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AFL–NFL merger The AFL–NFL merger was the merger of the two major professional American football leagues in the United States at the time: the National Football League (NFL) and the American Football League (AFL). It paved the way for the combined league, which retained the "National Football League" name and logo, to become one of the most popular sports leagues in the United States. The merger was announced on the evening of June 8, 1966. Under the merger agreement, the leagues maintained separate regular-season schedules for the next four seasons—from 1966 through 1969—and then officially merged before the 1970 season to form one league with two conferences.
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Raiffeisen Zentralbank Raiffeisen Zentralbank Österreich AG was the central institution of the Raiffeisen Banking Group Austria (RBG). The central bank was merged with its subsidiary Raiffeisen Bank International in 2017.
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DoBank doBank S.p.A. is an Italian bank based in Verona, Veneto region. The bank was known as UniCredit Credit Management Bank until 2015. In 2015 the company was acquired by private equity funds of Fortress Investment Group.
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Cassa di Risparmio di Prato Cassa di Risparmio di Prato or Cariprato in short, is a former Italian regional bank based in Prato, Tuscany. It was acquired by Banca Popolare di Vicenza (BPVi) in 2003 and 2010 completely absorbed into the parent company.
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Cofina Cofina (Euronext: CFN ) is a Portuguese media conglomerate. The company was established in 1995. It has its headquarters in Porto.
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Cantiere navale del Muggiano Cantiere navale del Muggiano (Muggiano Shipyard) is a defunct Italian shipbuilding company. Founded in 1883 in Muggiano, it was combined with the Cantiere navale di Ancona into the Officine e Cantieri Liguri-Anconetani in 1899 and then, together with the Cantiere navale di Palermo, amalgamated into Cantieri Navali Riuniti (CNR) on 31 January 1906. FIAT-San Giorgio, owners of the adjacent submarine shipyard, purchased the shipyard from CNR in 1913 to increase their production capacity. Gio. Ansaldo & C. bought out FIAT in 1918 and the company was renamed Ansaldo-San Giorgio. Ansaldo was forced to sell its half to Attilio Odero in 1921. Once Odero gained control of the Vickers-Terni armament works in 1927, he amalgamated the shipyard with his other facilities into Odero-Terni. He acquired the Cantiere navale fratelli Orlando in 1929 and renamed the company, Società per la Costruzione di Navi, Macchine ed Artiglierie Odero-Terni-Orlando (OTO) (later OTO Melara). It was merged into Fincantieri in 1984.
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Volkswagen Act The Volkswagen Act is a set of German federal laws enacted in 1960, regulating the privatization of Volkswagenwerk GmbH into Volkswagen AG. In order to maintain government control in the privately owned company, it stipulated that the votings on major shareholder meeting resolutions require 4/5th(80%) agreement. This part of the law was deemed to violate the "free movement of capital" principle of European company law by EU members. After a series of challenges by EU from 2007 to 2013, the German parliament finally amended the part in 2013 to EU court satisfaction.
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Pope Paul VI's reform of the Roman Curia Pope Paul VI's reform of the Roman Curia, in response to the altered needs of the Holy See and the Catholic Church as a whole, was achieved principally, but not solely, by his general reorganisation of the Curia with the apostolic constitution "Regimini Ecclesiae universae" of 15 August 1967.
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Avio Linee Italiane Avio Linee Italiane (ALI) was an Italian independent airline owned by the Fiat Group, which operated between 1926 and 1952. It was ultimately acquired by Linee Aeree Italiane (LAI). ALI was the country's only pre-World War II airline not to be nationalized by the Italian Government.
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Fiat Professional Fiat Professional is the brand name and subsidiary for FCA Italy's (formerly Fiat Group Automobiles) light commercial vehicles and their passenger variants. It was launched on 17 April 2007 and replaced the Fiat Veicoli Commerciali division. Fiat Professional is only present in the EMEA and Asia-Pacific regions; the Fiat Automobiles brand is used in the Latin America region. Since 2013, certain Fiat Professional models are reengineered and marketed by Chrysler (FCA US) for the NAFTA region under the Ram Trucks brand.
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Foreign Exchange Management Act The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) is an Act of the Parliament of India "to consolidate and amend the law relating to foreign exchange with the objective of facilitating external trade and payments and for promoting the orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India". It was passed in the winter session of Parliament in 1999, replacing the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). This act makes offences related to foreign exchange civil offenses. It extends to the whole of India., replacing FERA, which had become incompatible with the pro-liberalisation policies of the Government of India. It enabled a new foreign exchange management regime consistent with the emerging framework of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). It also paved the way for the introduction of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, which came into effect from 1 July 2005.
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Competition Authority (Ireland) The Competition Authority (TCA) was responsible for enforcing Irish and European competition law in the Republic of Ireland and promoting competition in the economy. In 2014 it was amalgamated with the National Consumer Agency to form the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission.
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Metronapoli Metronapoli SpA was an Italian company responsible for the provision of public transport in the city of Naples, and its primary function was the operation and maintenance of the Naples Metro system. It was founded on 26 July 2000 and became operational on 1 February 2001. Metronapoli was a fully state-controlled joint-stock corporation. Its functions were absorbed by Azienda Napoletana Mobilità s.p.a. (ANM) on 1 November 2013.
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Perfect Fusion The Perfect Fusion (Italian: "Fusione perfetta" ) was the 1847 act of the Savoyard king Charles Albert of Sardinia which abolished the administrative differences between his realms, including Savoy, Sardinia and Piedmont.