In what year was the network of cables with which Pacific Fibre's proposed trans-Pacific undersea cable was to have competed commissioned?
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Pacific Fibre Pacific Fibre is a New Zealand-based company that proposed to build a trans-Pacific undersea cable that was to have competed with the Southern Cross Cable operated by Telecom New Zealand. The cable would have totalled 12,750 km (7,920 miles) in length, and the initial investment was projected to be US$350 million. Customers included Vodafone New Zealand, Australian ISP iiNet, and the Kiwi Advanced Research and Education Network in New Zealand.
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Southern Cross Cable The Southern Cross Cable, operated by Bermuda company Southern Cross Cables Limited, is a trans-Pacific network of telecommunications cables commissioned in 2000.
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I-ME-WE I-ME-WE (India-Middle East-Western Europe) is a 13000 km submarine communications cable system between India and France. The design capacity is 3.84 Terabits per second. It has been operational since 2009 with Tripoli, Lebanon being connected in November 2011. Internet Service Providers and Network Operators hope to utilize the additional bandwidth to support high-bandwidth peer-to-peer IP-based broadband services such as multimedia streaming, broadband Internet and voice/video telephony.
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T-V-H T-V-H (Thailand-Vietnam-Hong Kong) is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the South China Sea linking Thailand, Vietnam, and Hong Kong.
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Minerva (cable system) MINERVA is a submarine telecommunications cable system connecting Italy with Cyprus.
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SAIL (cable system) The South Atlantic Inter Link (SAIL) (formerly referred to as "Cameroon-Brazil Cable System" or "CBCS") is a planned submarine communications cable in the South Atlantic Ocean linking Kribi, Cameroon with Fortaleza, Brazil. The project is led by China Unicom, Camtel and Huawei Marine Networks and designed to provide low latency routing between Africa and Asia in the east and the Americas in the west. At present international traffic from Africa to America is routed via Western Europe first before going to America. SAIL will provide a direct route from Africa to America, providing Cameroon, Brazil and their neighboring countries with improved performance.
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Guam Cable Station The Guam Cable Station is where the United States territory of Guam was first connected via modern telecommunications to the rest of the world. Reduced to ruins by the fighting of World War II, the ruins of the establishment remain on the grounds of Naval Base Guam on the west side of the island. In 1901, the Commercial Pacific Cable Company offered to lay a cable between the Continental United States and Guam at no cost to the federal government. In 1903 the company began construction of a series of buildings near what was the small village of Sumay. Designed to be proof against typhoons, earthquakes, and other perils, the complex included the main cable station building, several buildings of living quarters, and a self-contained water supply system. The cable connecting Guam to Hawaii was completed in June 1903, marking the complete encirclement of the globe by communications cables. This station became a major communications hub, eventually also housing cables to China and the island of Yap, and becoming an early-warning center for typhoons. Operation of the cable was interrupted by the Japanese capture of Guam in 1941. It resumed with the liberation of Guam in 1944, but continued only until 1951, when the cable between Guam and Hawaii was broken. Since then the remains of the cable station have been succumbing to the elements. Its remains were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
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Melbourne cable tramway system The Melbourne cable tramway system was a cable car public transport system, which operated between 1885 and 1940 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Imperial Wireless Chain The Imperial Wireless Chain was a strategic international wireless telegraphy communications network, created to link the countries of the British Empire. Although the idea was conceived prior to World War I, The United Kingdom was the last of the world's Great Powers to implement an operational system. The first link in the chain, between Leafield in Oxfordshire and Cairo, Egypt, eventually opened on 24 April 1922, with the final link, between Australia and Canada, opening on 16 June 1928.
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Submarine cable Submarine cable refers to any kind of electrical cable that is laid on the seabed, although the term is often extended to encompass cables laid on the bottom of large freshwater bodies of water.
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Celtic Interconnector Celtic Interconnector is a proposed 700 MW HVDC submarine power cable between the southern coast of Ireland and the north-west coast of France.
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BARSAV BARSAV is a fiber optic submarine communications cable system that links Barcelona (Spain) with Savona (Italy). It is about 760 km long and was built in 1996. It is owned by Telefónica and Telecom Italia. The cable was laid by Alcatel Submarine Networks. The cable consists of two segments. The first segment from Barcelona (Cabrera de Mar) is 260 km long, the second segmend ist 500 km long and ends in Savona.
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JDR Cables JDR Cable Systems is a manufacturer of subsea cables for electric power transmission, based in Littleport, Cambridgeshire (UK) with a manufacturing facilities in Hartlepool (UK).
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HVDC Inter-Island The HVDC Inter-Island link is a 610 km long, 1200 MW bipolar high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system connecting the electricity networks of the North and South Islands of New Zealand together. It is commonly referred to as the Cook Strait cable, which is somewhat of a misnomer, because only a short section of the complete link is in cable, and there are actually three operational HVDC power cables across Cook Strait. However, the term Cook Strait cable is commonly used in the media and press releases. The link is owned and operated by state-owned transmission company Transpower New Zealand.
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CNCP Telecommunications CNCP Telecommunications (Canadian National-Canadian Pacific Telecommunications) was an electrical telegraph operator and later as a telecom company. CNCP was created as a joint venture between the Canadian National Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1967, replacing the different networks used by the two railway companies (CN Telegraph interchanged traffic with the Postal Telegraph Cable Company in the US while CPR Telegraphs networked with Western Union). The two networks, former rivals, had been co-operating increasingly since the 1930s By 1980, CNCP was no longer a telegraph company and emerged as an early telecom company. A 40% stake was acquired by Rogers Communications in 1984 and CP acquired CN's stake. The network was dissolved in 1988 and Rogers renamed the company Unitel Communications Incorporated in 1989. The new company was later acquired by AT&T Canada, now known as Allstream (now part of Zayo Group). The telegram division was later acquired by iTelegram and renamed International Telegrams Canada in 2002 and based in Toronto.
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Columbus II COLUMBUS II is an optical transatlantic telephone cable. It is approx. 12300 km in length. It entered into commercial service in 1994.
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Pacific Bell Pacific Bell Telephone Company (Pacific Bell) provides telephone service in California. The company is owned by AT&T Inc. through AT&T Teleholdings. The company has been known by a number of names during which its service area has changed. The formal name of the company from the 1910s through the 1984 Bell System divestiture was The Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company. As of 2002, the name “Pacific Bell” is no longer commonly used.
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Ethernet Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3, and has since been refined to support higher bit rates and longer link distances. Over time, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies such as token ring, FDDI and ARCNET.
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Interchange Cable Network The Interchange Cable Network is a series of subsea fiber optic cables currently being built/planned by Vanuatu based company Interchange Limited. The first cable, ICN1 (Interchange Cable Network 1) linking Fiji To Vanuatu was ready for service on 15 January 2014. Simon Fletcher, Chief Executive Officer of Interchange, confirmed that some operators have signed up for capacity but several configuration and commissioning matters are yet to be attended to before the service can be offered to their clients.
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Rail transport in Great Britain The railway system in Great Britain is the oldest in the world: the world's first locomotive-hauled public railway opened in 1825. Most of the railway track is managed by Network Rail, which in 2016 had a network of 15,799 km of standard-gauge lines, of which 5,331 km were electrified. These lines range from single to quadruple track or more. In addition, some cities have separate rail-based mass transit systems (including the extensive and historic London Underground). There are also several private railways (some of them narrow-gauge), which are primarily short tourist lines. The British railway network is connected with that of continental Europe by an undersea rail link, the Channel Tunnel, opened in 1994.
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Eastern Mediterranean Optical System 1 The Eastern Mediterranean Optical System (EMOS-1) is a fiber optic cable linking Palermo, Italy with Lechaina, Greece; Marmaris, Turkey and Tel Aviv, Israel, which was created in Turkey in 1991.
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Hitachi Cable Hitachi Cable, Ltd. (日立電線株式会社 , Hitachi Densen Kabushiki-gaisha ) was established in 1956 as a manufacturer of electric wire and cable for power distribution. The company, based in Tokyo, Japan, was formed from Hitachi Densen Works, the Hitachi Works spin-off previously known as Densen Works of.