What president was assassinated in an explosion on August 1981, and was succeeded by a man elected as the new Supreme Leader by the Assembly of Experts on 4 June 1989 at the age of 49?
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Government of Mir-Hossein Mousavi (1985–89) In August 1981, President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar were assassinated in an explosion. Ali Khamenei was then elected as the third president of Iran in the Iranian presidential election, October 1981. He put forward Ali Akbar Velayati as his prime minister, but the Iranian parliament did not give him the vote of confidence, and he was defeated with a vote of 80 to 74. Subsequently, Ali Khamenei, though he had strong disagreements with Mousavi, as a compromise with the left-leaning parliament, agreed to offer him, Mousavi, for the post of premier. On 28 October, the parliament approved Mousavi with a vote of 115 to 39. Mousavi became the 79th Prime Minister of Iran on 31 October 1981, and remained the prime minister of Iran until 3 August 1989, for eight years.
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Ali Khamenei Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei (Persian: سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای‎ ‎ ] ; born 17 July 1939) is a "marja" and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran. Khamenei succeeded the first Supreme Leader, Ruhollah Khomeini, after Khomeini's death, being elected as the new Supreme Leader by the Assembly of Experts on 4 June 1989 at the age of 49. His political career began after the Iranian Revolution, when the former President of Iran, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, then a confidant of Khomeini, brought Khamenei into Khomeini's inner circle. Later on, the current President of Iran, Hassan Rouhani, then a member of Parliament, arranged for Khamenei to get his first major post in the provisional revolutionary government as deputy defense minister. Khamenei then went to serve as the third President of Iran from 1981 to 1989 while becoming a close ally to Khomeini. Eventually, after Khomeini had a fall off with then heir-apparent Hussein Ali Montazeri, Rafsanjani claimed that Khomeini had chosen Khamenei as his successor while the Assembly of Experts deliberated to elect the next Supreme Leader. Khamenei is head of the servants of Astan Quds Razavi from April 14, 1979.
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Habibollah Asgaroladi Habibollah Asgaroladi Mosalman (Persian: حبيب‌الله عسگراولادی مسلمان‎ ‎ ‎; 3 January 1932 – 5 November 2013) was a leading senior Iranian politician who was the leader of Islamic Coalition Party, a highly influential conservative political party in Iran. He was also a two time presidential candidate, first in July 1981 and next in 1985. During the presidential elections in 1981, in which he ran for the presidency, an attempt was made to assassinate him outside his home in Iran Street, but this failed and resulted in his bodyguard being killed but Asgaroladi himself escaped largely unhurt.
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Olof Palme Sven Olof Joachim Palme (] ; 30 January 1927 – 28 February 1986) was a Swedish Social Democratic politician, statesman and prime minister. A longtime protégé of Prime Minister Tage Erlander, Palme led the Swedish Social Democratic Party (S) from 1969 until his assassination in 1986, and was a two-term Prime Minister of Sweden, heading a Privy Council Government from 1969 to 1976 and a cabinet government from 1982 until his death. Electoral defeats in 1976 and 1979 marked the end of Social Democratic hegemony in Swedish politics, which had seen 40 years of unbroken rule by the party. While leader of the opposition, he parted domestic and international interests and served as special mediator of the United Nations in the Iran–Iraq War, and was President of the Nordic Council in 1979. He returned as Prime Minister after electoral victories in 1982 and 1985.
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Iranian presidential election, October 1981 The Iranian presidential election of October 1981, took place on 2 October 1981, after the assassination of Mohammad-Ali Rajai, the previous President of Iran, during the interim premiership of Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani. It led to the uncontested victory of Ali Khamenei.
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Iranian presidential election, 2001 Iranian presidential election of 2001 took place on 8 June 2001, and resulted in Mohammad Khatami being elected as the President of Iran for his second term.
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Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian-born Soviet revolutionary and political leader. Governing the Soviet Union as its dictator from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, he served as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and as Premier of the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1953. Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist, Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism–Leninism while his own policies became known as Stalinism.
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1987 Tunisian coup d'état The 1987 Tunisian coup d'état involved the bloodless ousting of the ageing President of Tunisia Habib Bourguiba on 7 November 1987, and his replacement as president by his recently appointed Prime Minister, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. The action was justified by reference to Bourgiba's failing health and Article 57 of the country's constitution. Reports later surfaced to indicate that the Italian intelligence services had been involved in planning it.
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Government of Celso Torrelio Villa, 1981–82 The High Command of the Military of Bolivia entrusted General Celso Torrelio Villa with the Presidency on 4 September 1981, and on 7 September 1981 he formed his cabinet.
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Shafi–ur–Rehman Commission The Shafi–ur–Rehman Commission were a judicial inquiry papers investigated and authored by Senior Justice Shafi ur Rahman on the events leading to the fatal crash that resulted in the death of President General Zia-ul-Haq on August 1988.
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Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) is the abbreviated name of the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, a 1987 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union (and later its successor states, in particular the Russian Federation). Signed in Washington, D.C. by President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev on 8 December 1987, the treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on 27 May 1988 and came into force on 1 June 1988.
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Omar Torrijos Omar Efraín Torrijos Herrera (February 13, 1929 – July 31, 1981), more commonly known as Omar Torrijos, was the Commander of the Panamanian and National Guard and the "de facto" dictator of Panama from 1968 to 1981. Torrijos was never officially the president of Panama, but instead held titles including "Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution" and "Supreme Chief of Government." Torrijos took power in a "coup d'état" and instituted a number of social reforms and his regime was considered progressive.
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Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 (also variously known as the Indonesian massacres, Indonesian genocide, Indonesian Communist Purge, Indonesian politicide, or the 1965 Tragedy) were large-scale killings and civil unrest which occurred in Indonesia over many months, targeting communist sympathizers, ethnic Chinese and alleged leftists, often at the instigation of the armed forces and government. Initially it began as an anti-communist purge following a controversial coup attempt by the 30 September Movement in Indonesia. The most widely published estimates were that 500,000 to more than one million people were killed, with some more recent estimates going as high as two to three million. The purge was a pivotal event in the transition to the "New Order" and the elimination of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) as a political force. The upheavals led to the fall of President Sukarno and the commencement of Suharto's three-decade authoritarian presidency.
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Ziaur Rahman Ziaur Rahman (Bengali: জিয়াউর রহমান "Ji-yaur Rôhman"; 19 January 1936 – 30 May 1981) was a Bangladeshi politician and army general who declared the Independence of Bangladesh on behalf of its first interim head of state Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He later served as the 7th President of Bangladesh from 21 April 1977 until his assassination on 30 May 1981.
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Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev On 10 November 1982, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, the third General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and the fifth leader of the Soviet Union, died aged 75 after suffering a heart attack following years of serious ailments. His death was officially acknowledged on 11 November simultaneously by Soviet radio and television. After five days of national mourning, Brezhnev was given a state funeral and then buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. Yuri Andropov, Brezhnev's eventual successor as general secretary, was chairman of the committee in charge of managing Brezhnev's funeral, held on 15 November 1982, five days after his death.
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Iranian Assembly of Experts election, 2006 The Iranian Assembly of Experts election of 2006 was held on 15 December 2006. The Assembly of Experts is a Council of 86 "mujtahids" that elect the Supreme Leader, and oversee his actions. The members of the Assembly are elected every eight years directly by the people of Iran.
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1980 Turkish coup d'état The 12 September 1980 Turkish coup d'état (Turkish: "12 Eylül Darbesi" ), headed by Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren, was the third coup d'état in the history of the Republic, the previous having been the 1960 coup and the 1971 "Coup by Memorandum". The 1970s in Turkey were marked by right-wing/left-wing armed conflicts, in the context of the Cold War. To create a pretext for a decisive intervention, the Turkish military allowed these conflicts to escalate; some say they actively adopted a strategy of tension. The violence abruptly stopped afterwards, and the coup was welcomed by some for restoring order. In total, 50 people were executed, 500,000 were arrested and hundreds died in prison.
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Mir Akbar Khyber Mir Akbar Khyber (Pashto: مير اکبر خيبر‎ ) (sometimes spelled Khaibar) (1925 – April 17, 1978) was an Afghan intellectual and a leader of the Parcham faction of People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). His assassination led to the overthrow of Mohammed Daoud Khan's republic, and to the advent of a socialist regime in Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
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Operation Fair Play Operation Fair Play was the code name for the 5 July 1977 coup by Pakistan Chief of Army Staff General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, overthrowing the government of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The coup itself was bloodless, and was preceded by social unrest and political conflict between the ruling leftist Pakistan Peoples Party government of Bhutto, and the right-wing Islamist opposition Pakistan National Alliance which accused Bhutto of rigging the 1977 general elections. In announcing the coup, Zia promised "free and fair elections" within 90 days, but these were repeatedly postponed on the excuse of accountability and it was not until 1985 that ("party-less") general elections were held. Zia himself stayed in power for eleven years until his death in a plane crash.
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Jean Bastien-Thiry Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry (] ; 19 October 1927 – 11 March 1963) was a French Air Force lieutenant-colonel and military air-weaponry engineer. He was the creator of the Nord SS.10/SS.11 missiles. He attempted to assassinate French President Charles de Gaulle on 22 August 1962, following de Gaulle's decision to accept Algerian independence. The attack made international headlines. Bastien-Thiry was the last person to be executed by firing squad in France.
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Moustapha Lô Moustapha Lô (died 15 June 1967) was a Senegalese man who attempted to assassinate Senegalese President Léopold Sédar Senghor on 22 March 1967 at the Dakar Grand Mosque. Lô was convicted of treason, was sentenced to death by a Senegalese court and was executed by firing squad. Lô was the second of two people who have been executed by Senegal since its independence in 1960.
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Rodrigo Lara Rodrigo Lara Bonilla (August 11, 1946 – April 30, 1984) was a Colombian lawyer and politician, who served as Minister of Justice under President Belisario Betancur, and was assassinated by orders of Pablo Escobar because of his work as Minister in prosecuting cocaine traffickers mainly belonging to the Medellín Cartel.