Which Italian-American journalist for the Associated Press spent his early career covering the Italian Campaign of World War II, following the death of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini?
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George E. Bria George Emil Bria (March 2, 1916 – March 18, 2017) was an Italian-American journalist who worked for the Associated Press (AP). He spent part of his early career as a war correspondent covering the Italian Campaign of World War II, reporting on the surrender of German forces and witnessing the corpse of recently deceased Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. Bria later became the chief AP correspondent at the United Nations and retired in 1981. He also wrote gardening columns, tending to his own vegetable garden in Westchester County, New York, after retiring.
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Death of Benito Mussolini The death of Benito Mussolini, the deposed Italian fascist dictator, occurred on 28 April 1945, in the final days of World War II in Europe, when he was summarily executed by Italian partisans in the small village of Giulino di Mezzegra in northern Italy. The "official" version of events is that Mussolini was shot by Walter Audisio, a communist partisan who used the "nom de guerre" of "Colonel Valerio". However, since the end of the war, the circumstances of Mussolini's death, and the identity of his killer, have been subjects of continuing confusion, dispute and controversy in Italy.
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Fausto Biloslavo Fausto Biloslavo (Trieste, 13 November 1961) is an Italian journalist, author and one of the most experienced Italian war correspondents. He is among the best-known and most prolific modern Italian writers on modern conflicts; he has experienced war first-hand. As a correspondent and free-lance journalist he witnessed conflicts from the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan to the Balkans, and the so-called, "forgotten wars" in Africa. Most recently he reported from Iraq and the Middle East.
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Vittorio Zucconi Vittorio Zucconi (] , born 16 August 1944) is an Italian journalist and author. He also has U.S. citizenship.
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Bonnie Angelo Veronica Estelle "Bonnie" Angelo (January 29, 1924 – September 17, 2017) was an American journalist and author. She was known for being the author of "First Mothers". During her more than a quarter-century with "Time", she served as a Washington correspondent from 1967-78, reported on the White House and covered newsmakers and events across America and the world.
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Themes in Nazi propaganda The propaganda of the National Socialist German Workers' Party regime that governed Germany from 1933 to 1945 promoted Nazi ideology by demonizing the enemies of the Nazi Party, notably Jews and communists, but also capitalists and intellectuals. It promoted the values asserted by the Nazis, including heroic death, "Führerprinzip" (leader principle), "Volksgemeinschaft" (people's community), "Blut und Boden" (blood and soil) and pride in the Germanic "Herrenvolk" (master race). Propaganda was also used to maintain the cult of personality around Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, and to promote campaigns for eugenics and the annexation of German-speaking areas. After the outbreak of World War II, Nazi propaganda vilified Germany's enemies, notably the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States, and in 1943 exhorted the population to total war.
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Joseph Morton (correspondent) Joseph "Joe" Morton was an American war correspondent for the Associated Press (AP) in the European Theater during World War II. On December 26, 1944, a Nazi counter-partisan unit named "Edelweiss" stormed a log cabin high on Homolka Mountain in today's Slovakia which housed 15 Allied intelligence officers, a Slovak officer, a Slovak-American interpreter, two Slovak civilian resistance fighters, and Morton himself, covering an OSS operation in the country for a story. Although the Allied officers were duly uniformed and Morton had a war correspondent ID in order to be treated as prisoners of war according to the Geneva Convention (1929), the SS headquarters, in compliance with Commando Order, which stated that all Allied commandos should be killed immediately without trial even those in proper uniforms, ordered the summary execution of Allied officers and others caught in the act. On January 24, 1945, Joseph Morton, along with 13 Allied officers, was executed at the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp. He was the only Allied correspondent to be executed by the Axis during World War II.
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Lillian Ross (journalist) Lillian Ross (June 8, 1918 – September 20, 2017) was an American journalist and author, who was a staff writer at "The New Yorker" for seven decades, beginning in 1945. Her novelistic reporting and writing style, shown in early stories about Ernest Hemingway and John Huston, are widely understood as a primary influence on what would later be called "literary journalism" or "new journalism."
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Robert Sherrod Robert Lee Sherrod (February 8, 1909 – February 13, 1994) was an American journalist, editor and author. He was a war correspondent for "Time" and "Life" magazines, covering combat from World War II to the Vietnam War. During World War II, embedded with the United States Marine Corps, he covered the battles at Attu (with the U.S. Army), Tarawa, Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. He also authored five books on World War II, including "Tarawa: The Story of a Battle" (1944) and the definitive "History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II" (1952). He was an editor of "Time" during World War II and later editor of "The Saturday Evening Post", then vice-president of Curtis Publishing Company.
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Ligor Buzi Ligor Buzi (1915–1994) was an Albanian-American journalist. Buzi is remembered as one of the early pro-Fascists in Albania. After World War II, he settled in US and played an active role as member of the Albanian-American community.
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Charles Horman Charles Edmund Lazar Horman (May 15, 1942 – September 18, 1973) was an American journalist documentary filmmaker killed during the 1973 Chilean coup d'état led by General Augusto Pinochet that deposed the socialist president Salvador Allende. Horman's death was the subject of the 1982 Costa-Gavras film "Missing."
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John Heilemann John Arthur Heilemann (born January 23, 1966) is an American journalist, National Affairs Editor for NBC News and MSNBC, and reporter at-large for "New York" magazine, where he mainly covers US politics.
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A. J. Liebling Abbott Joseph "A. J." Liebling (October 18, 1904 – December 28, 1963) was an American journalist who was closely associated with "The New Yorker" from 1935 until his death.
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Marco Zeni Italian journalist Marco Zeni was the first to uncover the suppressed secret of Benito Mussolini's first marriage to Ida Dalser, in which the two had a son, Benito Albino Mussolini. His story was publicized through a documentary and two books, "L'ultimo filò" and "La moglie di Mussolini".
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Duce Duce (] , "leader") is an Italian title, derived from the Latin word "dux", and cognate with "duke". National Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini was identified by Fascists as "Il Duce" ("The Leader") of the movement. In 1925 it became a reference to the dictatorial position of "Sua Eccellenza Benito Mussolini, Capo del Governo, Duce del Fascismo e Fondatore dell'Impero" (""His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government, Leader of Fascism and Founder of the Empire""). Mussolini held this title together with that of President of the Council of Ministers: this was the constitutional position which entitled him to rule Italy on behalf of the King of Italy. "Founder of the Empire" was added for the exclusive use by Mussolini in recognition of his founding of an official legal entity of the Italian Empire on behalf of the King in 1936 following Italy's victory in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. The position was held by Mussolini until 1943, when he was removed from office by the King and the position of "Duce" was dismantled, while Marshal Pietro Badoglio was appointed Presidente del Consiglio.
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Mike O'Connor (journalist) Mike O'Connor (February 8, 1946 – December 29, 2013) was a German-born American journalist, war correspondent, and Mexico's representative for Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), a New York-based nonprofit organization dedicated to promote press freedom around the world. Born in Germany following World War II to Americans stationed in a refugee camp, O'Connor began his career as a journalist in the 1980s. As a foreign journalist, he covered civil wars and conflicts for NPR, "The New York Times", CBS News, among others.
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Stanley Johnston Stanley Johnston (1900 – September 13, 1962) was an Australian-American journalist who, as a correspondent during World War II, wrote a story for the Chicago Tribune that inadvertently revealed the extent of American code-breaking activities against the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). The story resulted in efforts by the United States government to prosecute Johnston and other "Tribune" journalists, an effort what remains the only time the Espionage Act was used against journalists in the United States. No indictment was returned, and grand jury proceedings were sealed until 2017.
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Lisa Sergio Lisa Sergio (Italian-American, 1905–1989) was a radio news broadcaster in Italy under Mussolini who became a leading anti-Fascist broadcaster and one of the first women to have her own radio news commentary program. She was the only woman "Variety" included in its 1945 analysis of 30 popular radio news commentators. Sergio died on June 22, 1989 in Washington, DC.
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Jesse Frederick Essary Jesse Frederick Essary (August 22, 1881 – March 11, 1942) was an American journalist, part of the White House press corps in the decades before the Second World War.
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Gianni Minà Gianni Minà (] ; Turin, 17 May 1938) is an Italian journalist, writer and television host. He has collaborated with both Italian and foreign newspapers and magazines; produced hundreds of reports for the RAI ("Radiotelevisione Italiana"); designed and presented television programs, as well as produced successful documentary films on the lives of Che Guevara, Muhammad Ali, Fidel Castro, Rigoberta Menchú, Silvia Baraldini, Subcomandante Marcos, and Diego Maradona.
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Alessandro Pavolini Alessandro Pavolini (27 September 1903 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and essayist, notable for his involvement in the Fascist government, during World War II, and also, for his cruelty against the opponents of fascism.
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Nadeane Walker Nadeane Walker Anderson, known professionally by her maiden name, Nadeane Walker, (1921 – January 7, 2013) was an American journalist, foreign correspondent and former fashion editor for the "Associated Press".