In which country Hermann Neubacher held a diplomatic post as an Austrian Nazi politician when it was under the control of the Kingdom of Italy?
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Hermann Neubacher Hermann Neubacher (June 24, 1893 – July 1, 1960) was an Austrian Nazi politician who held a number of diplomatic posts in the Third Reich. During the Second World War, he was appointed as the leading German foreign ministry official for the Balkans (including Greece, Serbia, Albania and Montenegro).
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Albanian Kingdom (1943–44) The Albanian Kingdom (Albanian: "Mbretëria Shqiptare", German: "Königreich Albanien") existed as a "de jure" independent country, between 1943 and 1944. Before the armistice between Italy and the Allied armed forces on 8 September 1943, Albania had been in a de jure personal union with and was de facto under the control of the Kingdom of Italy. After the armistice and the Italian exit from the Axis, German military forces entered Albania and it came under German influence.
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Duce Duce (] , "leader") is an Italian title, derived from the Latin word "dux", and cognate with "duke". National Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini was identified by Fascists as "Il Duce" ("The Leader") of the movement. In 1925 it became a reference to the dictatorial position of "Sua Eccellenza Benito Mussolini, Capo del Governo, Duce del Fascismo e Fondatore dell'Impero" (""His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government, Leader of Fascism and Founder of the Empire""). Mussolini held this title together with that of President of the Council of Ministers: this was the constitutional position which entitled him to rule Italy on behalf of the King of Italy. "Founder of the Empire" was added for the exclusive use by Mussolini in recognition of his founding of an official legal entity of the Italian Empire on behalf of the King in 1936 following Italy's victory in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. The position was held by Mussolini until 1943, when he was removed from office by the King and the position of "Duce" was dismantled, while Marshal Pietro Badoglio was appointed Presidente del Consiglio.
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Kingdom of Slavonia The Kingdom of Slavonia (Croatian: "Kraljevina Slavonija" ; German: "Königreich Slawonien" ; Latin: "Regnum Sclavoniae" ; Hungarian: "Szlavón Királyság" ) was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire that existed from 1699 to 1868. The province included northern parts of present-day regions of Slavonia (today in Croatia) and Syrmia (today in Serbia and Croatia). The southern parts of these regions were part of the Slavonian Military Frontier, which was a section of the Military Frontier.
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Axis powers The Axis powers (German: "Achsenmächte" , Japanese: 枢軸国 "Sūjikukoku", Italian: "Potenze dell'Asse" ), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces. The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.
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Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ] ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, he was a recipient of the "Pour le Mérite". He was the last commander of "Jagdgeschwader" 1, the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen.
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Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany The "Gaue" (Singular: "Gau") were the "de facto" administrative sub-divisions of Nazi Germany, eclipsing the "de jure" "Länder" (states) of Weimar Germany in 1934.
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Czechoslovak government-in-exile The Czechoslovak government-in-exile, sometimes styled officially as the Provisional Government of Czechoslovakia (Czech: "Prozatímní státní zřízení československé"), was an informal title conferred upon the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee, initially by British diplomatic recognition. The name came to be used by other World War II Allies as they subsequently recognized it. The Committee was originally created by the former Czechoslovak President, Edvard Beneš in Paris, France, in October 1939. Unsuccessful negotiations with France for diplomatic status, as well as the impending Nazi occupation of France, forced the Committee to withdraw to London in 1940. From there, it moved to Aston Abbots, Buckinghamshire in 1941, where it sought relative safety from the London Blitz.
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German-occupied Europe German–occupied Europe or Nazi Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945 and administered by the Nazi regime.
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Gruber–De Gasperi Agreement The Gruber–De Gasperi Agreement signed by the foreign minister of Austria, Karl Gruber and the prime minister of Italy, Alcide De Gasperi in September 5, 1946 was a bilateral treaty between Italy and Austria, recognized by international law, which grants the German speaking population of the nowadays Province of Alto Adige/Südtirol to preserve their cultural identity and customs through an autonomy and the recognition of German in the local area as official language in equivalence with Italian. Furthermore was stated the right to reassume the personal original name, which many abandoned during the rule of the fascistic regime, which put forward an oppressive assimilation programme.
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Italian occupation of Majorca The Italian occupation of Majorca lasted the entire Spanish Civil War. Italy intervened in the war with the intention of annexing the Balearic Islands and Ceuta and creating a client state in Spain. Italy sought the acquisition of the Balearic Islands due to its strategic position in which Italy could use the islands as a base to disrupt lines of communication between France to its North African colonies and between British Gibraltar and Malta. Italian flags were flown over the island. Italian forces dominated Majorca, with Italians openly manning the Majorcan airfields at Alcúdia and Palma, as well as Italian warships being based in the harbour of Palma.
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Nazi concentration camps Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (German: "Konzentrationslager" , KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War. The first Nazi camps were erected in Germany in March 1933 immediately after Hitler became Chancellor and his Nazi Party was given control of the police by Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick and Prussian Acting Interior Minister Hermann Göring. Used to hold and torture political opponents and union organizers, the camps initially held around 45,000 prisoners.
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Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia The Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (Italian: "Regno Lombardo-Veneto" , German: "Königreich Lombardo–Venetien" ; Latin: "Regnum Langobardiae et Venetiae" ), commonly called the Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, was a constituent land (crown land) of the Austrian Empire. It was created in 1815 by resolution of the Congress of Vienna in recognition of the Austrian House of Habsburg-Lorraine's rights to Lombardy and the former Republic of Venice after the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed in 1805, had collapsed. It was finally dissolved in 1866 when its remaining territory fell to the Kingdom of Italy.
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Hermann Kanzler Hermann Kanzler (28 March 1822, Weingarten, Grand Duchy of Baden - 6 January 1888, Rome, Kingdom of Italy) was a German general who commanded the Army of the Papal States and was the arms minister during the reign of Pope Pius IX. He led Papal forces during the Battle of Mentana against Italian troops.
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Heim ins Reich The Heim ins Reich (] ; meaning "back home to the Reich") was a foreign policy pursued by Adolf Hitler during World War II, beginning in 1938. The aim of Hitler's initiative was to convince all "Volksdeutsche" (ethnic Germans) who were living outside Nazi Germany (e.g. in Austria, Czechoslovakia and the western districts of Poland) that they should strive to bring these regions "home" into Greater Germany, but also, relocate from territories that were not under German control, following the conquest of Poland in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet pact. The "Heim ins Reich" manifesto targeted areas ceded in Versailles to the newly reborn nation of Poland, as well as other areas that were inhabited by significant German populations such as the Sudetenland, Danzig, and the south-eastern and north-eastern regions of Europe after October 6, 1939.
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Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire) The Kingdom of Italy (Latin: "Regnum Italiae" or "Regnum Italicum", Italian: "Regno d'Italia") was one of the constituent kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, along with the kingdoms of Germany, Bohemia, and Burgundy. It comprised northern and central Italy, but excluded the Republic of Venice. Its original capital was Pavia until the 11th century.
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Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) The Kingdom of Croatia (Croatian: "Kraljevina Hrvatska"; Latin: "Regnum Croatiae" Hungarian: "Horvát Királyság" German: "Königreich Kroatien" ) was an administrative division that existed between 1527 and 1868 within the Habsburg Monarchy (also known between 1804 and 1867 as the Austrian Empire). The Kingdom was a part of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, but was subject to direct Imperial Austrian rule for significant periods of time, including its final years. Its capital was Zagreb.
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Allied High Commission The Allied High Commission (also known as the High Commission for Occupied Germany, HICOG; in German "Alliierte Hohe Kommission", "AHK") was established by the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and France after the 1948 breakdown of the Allied Control Council to regulate and supervise the development of the newly established Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany).
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Themes in Nazi propaganda The propaganda of the National Socialist German Workers' Party regime that governed Germany from 1933 to 1945 promoted Nazi ideology by demonizing the enemies of the Nazi Party, notably Jews and communists, but also capitalists and intellectuals. It promoted the values asserted by the Nazis, including heroic death, "Führerprinzip" (leader principle), "Volksgemeinschaft" (people's community), "Blut und Boden" (blood and soil) and pride in the Germanic "Herrenvolk" (master race). Propaganda was also used to maintain the cult of personality around Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, and to promote campaigns for eugenics and the annexation of German-speaking areas. After the outbreak of World War II, Nazi propaganda vilified Germany's enemies, notably the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States, and in 1943 exhorted the population to total war.
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Italian governorate of Montenegro The Italian governorate of Montenegro (Italian: "Governatorato del Montenegro" ) existed from October 1941 to September 1943 as an occupied territory under military government of Fascist Italy during World War II. Although the Italians had intended to establish a quasi-independent Montenegrin kingdom, these plans were permanently shelved after a popular uprising in July 1941. Following the Italian surrender in September 1943, the territory of Montenegro was occupied by German forces which withdrew in December 1944.
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Imperial Free City of Trieste The Imperial Free City of Trieste and its Suburbs was a Habsburg possession from the 14th century to 1918, called in German as "Reichsunmittelbare Stadt Triest und ihr Gebiet" and in Italian as "Città Imperiale di Trieste e Dintorni". In 1719 it was declared a free port by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor; the construction of the Austrian Southern Railway (1841–57) turned it into a bustling seaport, through which much of the exports and imports of the Austrian Lands were channelled. Trieste was part of the Holy Roman Empire and, later, of the German Confederation and the Austrian Littoral. The city administration and economy were dominated by the city's Italian population element; Italian was the language of administration and jurisdiction. In the later 19th and early 20th century, the city attracted the immigration of workers from the city's hinterlands, many of whom were speakers of Slovene.
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Kingdom of Dalmatia The Kingdom of Dalmatia (Croatian: "Kraljevina Dalmacija" ; German: "Königreich Dalmatien" ; Italian: "Regno di Dalmazia" ) was a crown land of the Austrian Empire (1815–1867) and the "Cisleithanian" half of Austria-Hungary (1867–1918). It encompassed the entirety of the region of Dalmatia, with its capital at Zadar.