In what year did the archaeologist that conducted early 20th century excavations at The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir, die?
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Al-Ukhaidir Fortress The Fortress of Al-Ukhaidir or Abbasid palace of Ukhaider is located roughly 50 km south of Karbala, Iraq. It is a large, rectangular fortress erected in 775 AD with a unique defensive style. Constructed by the Abbasid caliph As-Saffah's nephew Isa ibn Musa, Ukhaidir represents Abbasid architectural innovation in the structures of its courtyards, residences and mosque. Excavations at Ukhaidir were conducted in the early 20th century by Gertrude Bell. Ukhaidir was an important stop on regional trade routes, similar to Atshan and Mujdah. The complex comprises a primary hall, a large Iwan, a reception hall and servants quarters. The fortress exemplifies Abbasid architecture in Iraq by demonstrating the "despotic and the pleasure-loving character of the dynasty" in its grand size but cramped living quarters.
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Gertrude Bell Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell, CBE (14 July 1868 – 12 July 1926) was an English writer, traveller, political officer, administrator, and archaeologist who explored, mapped, and became highly influential to British imperial policy-making due to her knowledge and contacts, built up through extensive travels in Greater Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, and Arabia. Along with T. E. Lawrence, Bell helped support the Hashemite dynasties in what is today Jordan as well as in Iraq.
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Viktor Sarianidi Viktor Ivanovich Sarianidi or Victor Sarigiannides (Russian: Ви́ктор Ива́нович Сариани́ди ; Greek: Βίκτωρ Σαρηγιαννίδης ; September 23, 1929 – December 22, 2013) was a Soviet archaeologist. He discovered the remains of a Bronze Age culture in the Karakum Desert in 1976. The culture came to be known as the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex.
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Ahmad Y. al-Hassan Ahmad Yousef Al-Hassan (Arabic: أحمد يوسف الحسن‎ ‎ ) (June 25, 1925 - April 28, 2012 ) was Palestinian/Syrian/Canadian historian of Arabic and Islamic science and technology, educated in Jerusalem, Cairo and London with a Ph.D. in Mechanical engineering from University College London. He was Dean of Engineering and later President of the University of Aleppo where he founded the Institute for the History of Arabic Science (IHAS) and was its first director. He also served as Minister of Petroleum, Electricity and Mineral Resources of Syria prior to 1971.
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Tessa Wheeler Tessa Verney Wheeler (27 March 1893 – 15 April 1936) was an archaeologist who made a significant contribution to excavation techniques and contributed to the setting up of major British archaeological institutions after World War II. Due to the gender politics of her era, she remains best known as the wife and professional partner of Mortimer Wheeler. They collaborated on major excavations in Wales and England – including Segontium, Caerleon and Verulamium – and their investigation of Maiden Castle in Dorset had been running for two years when she died unexpectedly from complications following a minor operation.
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Robert Hamilton (archaeologist) Robert William Hamilton, FBA (26 November 1905 – 25 September 1995) was a British archaeologist and academic. He was senior lecturer in Near Eastern archaeology at the University of Oxford from 1949 to 1956 and a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford from 1959 to 1972. He was Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum from 1962 to 1972.
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Mary Brodrick Dr. Mary (May) Brodrick F.R.G.S. (1858 – 13 July 1933) was a British archaeologist and Egyptologist who was one of the first female excavators in Egypt. She persisted in her studies despite the initial opposition of her tutors and fellow students and achieved distinction in her field. The "Daily Mail" described her in 1906 as "perhaps the greatest lady Egyptologist of the day".
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James Burton (Egyptologist) James Burton (22 September 1786 – 22 February 1862) (formerly James Haliburton and latterly James Haliburton) was an early British Egyptologist, known for his pioneering exploration and mapping of the Valley of the Kings, during which he became the first individual of the modern age to enter KV5, his pioneering excavations at Karnak, during which he discovered of the Karnak king list, and his excavations at Medinet Habu, during which he was part of the team that discovered TT391.
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Najib Albina Najib Anton Albina (2 January 1901 – 23 July 1983) was the master photographer of the Palestine Archaeological Museum and, in that position, took the first original sets of photographs of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Through his positions with the American Colony and Palestine Archaeological Museum, he used photography as a means of recording the history of Christian Palestinian culture as well as the discovery of past cultures in the region. He had a significant impact on the techniques of archeological photographers, especially those who took pictures of the Dead Sea Scrolls, through his contributions to the use of infrared photography.
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I. E. S. Edwards Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards CBE, FBA (21 July 1909 – 24 September 1996) — known as I. E. S. Edwards— was an English Egyptologist considered to be a leading expert on the pyramids.
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John Percival Droop John Percival Droop (4 October 1882 – 26 September 1963, in Vence, France) was a British classical archaeologist. He served as the professor of classical archaeology at the University of Liverpool from 1921 to 1948. Afterwards, he examined and analyzed an Ancient Greek bowl form, dating from the 5th century BC, which later became known as . Droop researched the temple of Artemis Orthia at Sparta.
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Anthony Legge Professor Anthony James Legge ( 6 June 1939 – 4 February 2013). was a British archaeologist and academic, who specialised in zooarchaeology.
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Boris Piotrovsky Boris Borisovich Piotrovsky (Russian: Бори́с Бори́сович Пиотро́вский ; also written Piotrovskii; February 14 [O.S. February 1] 1908 – October 15, 1990) was a Soviet Russian academician, historian-orientalist and archaeologist who studied the ancient civilizations of Urartu, Scythia, and Nubia. He is best known as a key figure in the study of the Urartian civilization of the southern Caucasus. From 1964 until his death, Piotrovsky was also Director of the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.
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Yvon Thébert Yvon Thébert (20 February 1943 – 2 February 2002, aged 58) was a 20th-century French archaeologist and historian of marxist inspiration.
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Victor Erle Nash-Williams Victor Erle Nash-Williams (21 August 1897 – 15 December 1955) was a noted Welsh archaeologist.
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Albert Hourani Albert Habib Hourani CBE (Arabic: ألبرت حبيب حوراني‎ ‎ "Albart Ḥabīb Ḥūrānī"; 31 March 1915 – 17 January 1993) was a British historian, specialising in the Middle East. He was of Lebanese descent.
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N. G. L. Hammond Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (15 November 1907 – 24 March 2001) was a British scholar of ancient Greece and an operative for the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) in occupied Greece during World War II.
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M Harunur Rashid (archaeologist) M Harunur Rashid (1925 – 10 October 2010) was a Bangladeshi archaeologist, educationist and museum curator, who excavated archaeological sites in Pakistan and Bangladesh.
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John Kirk (archaeologist) John Lamplugh Kirk BA MB M.R.C.S PhD FSA (18691940) was a British amateur archaeologist and founder of York Castle Museum in York, North Yorkshire.
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John Evans (archaeologist) Sir John Evans, KCB, FRS (17 November 1823 – 31 May 1908) was an English archaeologist and geologist.
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Francis J. Haverfield Francis John Haverfield, FBA (8 November 1860 at Shipston-on-Stour – 1 October 1919) was a British historian and archaeologist. From 1907 to 1919, he was the Camden Professorship of Ancient History at the University of Oxford.
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Leslie Peter Wenham Leslie Peter Wenham MA, M.Litt, M.Ed, FSA (1911 - 29 January 1990) was a British archaeologist, historian, and professor who excavated in York, on Hadrian's Wall and Malton. He was the first to produce a comprehensive report of a Romano-British Cemetery. He is known for his extensive publications in archaeology. He was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1970. Wenham had also served with the Royal Army Ordnance Corps during the Second World War.