What nationality/style of Opera did both Alessandro Scarlatti and Christoph Willibald Gluck compose?
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Alessandro Scarlatti Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti (2 May 1660 – 22 October 1725) was an Italian Baroque composer, especially famous for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is considered the founder of the Neapolitan school of opera. He was the father of two other composers, Domenico Scarlatti and Pietro Filippo Scarlatti.
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Christoph Willibald Gluck Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (] ; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate (now part of Germany) and raised in Bohemia, he gained prominence at the Habsburg court at Vienna, where he brought about the practical reform of opera's dramaturgical practices that many intellectuals had been campaigning for over the years. With a series of radical new works in the 1760s, among them "Orfeo ed Euridice" and "Alceste", he broke the stranglehold that Metastasian "opera seria" had enjoyed for much of the century.
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Melodramma Melodramma (plural: "melodrammi") is a 17th-century Italian term for a text to be set as an opera, or the opera itself. In the 19th-century, it was used in a much narrower sense by English writers to discuss developments in the early Italian libretto, e.g., "Rigoletto" and "Un ballo in maschera". Characteristic are the influence of French bourgeois drama, female instead of male protagonists, and the practice of opening the action with a chorus.
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Opera Opera (] ; English plural: "operas"; Italian plural: "opere" ] ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. In traditional opera, singers do two types of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style and arias, a more melodic style, in which notes are sung in a sustained fashion. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor.
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L'Ipermestra L'Ipermestra is an 18th-century Italian opera in 3 acts by the Czech composer Josef Mysliveček composed to a libretto by the Italian poet Metastasio first produced in 1744. This opera (and all the rest of Mysliveček's operas) belong to the serious type in Italian language referred to as "opera seria".
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Lorenzo Quaglio Lorenzo Quaglio (25 May 1730 – 7 May 1804) was a German stage designer of Italian extraction. He worked mainly in Mannheim and in Munich, where he designed the first production of Mozart's opera "Idomeneo".
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Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ] ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the "Gesamtkunstwerk" ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen" ("The Ring of the Nibelung").
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Giovanni Battista Sammartini Giovanni Battista Sammartini (c. 1700 – 15 January 1775) was an Italian composer, oboist, organist, choirmaster and teacher. He counted Gluck among his students, and was highly regarded by younger composers including Johann Christian Bach. It has also been noted that many stylizations in Joseph Haydn's compositions are similar to those of Sammartini, although Haydn denied any such influence. Sammartini is especially associated with the formation of the concert symphony through both the shift from a brief opera-overture style and the introduction of a new seriousness and use of thematic development that prefigure Haydn and Mozart. Some of his works are described as "galant", a style associated with Enlightenment ideals, while "the prevailing impression left by Sammartini's work... [is that] he contributed greatly to the development of a Classical style that achieved its moment of greatest clarity precisely when his long, active life was approaching its end".
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Overture in G major (Cherubini) The Overture in G major by Luigi Cherubini (1760-1842) is an orchestral work written for concert use in early 1815. It is unusual among Cherubini's overtures in that his other, better known overtures (such as those to "Anacreon", "Médée", "Les deux journées" and "Ali Baba"), were intended to introduce stage works. Although born in Italy Cherubini had been living in France since 1784, and had earned world fame through a series of operas composed for the Paris stage. In the first decade of the nineteenth century the vogue for his dramatic works began to wane, and he turned increasingly to sacred music.
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Telemaco (Gluck) The opera was written for the wedding of the Emperor (to be) Joseph II and Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria.
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Transatlantic (opera) Transatlantic (aka "The People's Choice") is a Grand Opera in 3 acts by George Antheil written in 1928 to a libretto by the composer. It was premiered in Frankfurt on May 25, 1930. Though a critical success the work ran for only 6 performances and was not performed again during Antheil's lifetime.
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Eugenio Cavallini Eugenio Cavallini (16 June 1806 — 11 April 1881) was an Italian conductor, composer, violinist, and violist. In 1833 he became first violinist of the orchestra at La Scala, a post he held through 1855. He also served as a conductor at La Scala, notably leading the world premieres of Gaetano Donizetti's "Lucrezia Borgia" (1833), Donizetti's "Gemma di Vergy" (1834), Donizetti's "Maria Stuarda" (1835), Saverio Mercadante's "Il giuramento" (1837), Mercadante's "Il bravo" (1839), Giuseppe Verdi's "Oberto" (1839), Verdi's "Un giorno di regno" (1840), Donizetti's "Maria Padilla" (1841), Verdi's "Nabucco" (1842), Verdi's "I Lombardi alla prima crociata" (1843), Verdi's "Giovanna d'Arco" (1845), Federico Ricci's "Estella di Murcia" (1846), and Domenico Ronzani's "Salvator Rosa" (1854).
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Giacomo Puccini Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo Maria Puccini (] ; 22 December 1858 29 November 1924) was an Italian opera composer who has been called "the greatest composer of Italian opera after Verdi".
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Giuseppe Farinelli Giuseppe Farinelli (7 May 1769 – 12 December 1836) was an Italian composer active at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century who excelled in writing opera buffas. Considered the successor and most successful imitator of Domenico Cimarosa, the greatest of his roughly 60 operas include "I riti d'Efeso" (1803, Venice), "La contadina bizzarra" (1810, Milan) and "Ginevra degli Almieri" (1812, Venice). More than 2/3 of his operas were produced between 1800-1810 at the height of his popularity. With the arrival of Gioachino Rossini his operas became less desirable with the public, and by 1817 his operas were no longer performed. His other compositions include 3 piano forte sonatas, 3 oratorios, 11 cantatas, 5 masses, 2 Te Deums, a Stabat mater, a Salve regina, a Tantum ergo, numerous motets, and several other sacred works.
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List of ballets by Christoph Willibald Gluck This is a list of ballets by Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714–1787).
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George Frideric Handel George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel ( ; born Georg Friedrich Händel ] ; 23 February 1685 (O.S.) [(N.S.) 5 March] – 14 April 1759) was a German, later British, baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London, becoming well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos. Handel received important training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727. He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition.
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Mario Tiberini Mario Tiberini (8 September 1826 – 16 October 1880) was an Italian tenor who sang leading roles in the opera houses of Europe and the Americas in a career spanning 25 years. Known for his advanced singing technique and dramatic ability, he sang the role of Alvaro in the premiere of the revised (and now standard) version of Verdi's "La forza del destino" and created several roles in operas by lesser-known composers, including the title role in Faccio's "Amleto".
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Nabucco Nabucco (] ; short for Nabucodonosor ] ~] , English Nebuchadnezzar) is an Italian-language opera in four acts composed in 1841 by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian libretto by Temistocle Solera. The libretto is based on biblical books of Jeremiah and Daniel and the 1836 play by Auguste Anicet-Bourgeois and Francis Cornue, although Antonio Cortese's ballet adaptation of the play (with its necessary simplifications), given at La Scala in 1836, was a more important source for Solera than the play itself. Under its original name of "Nabucodonosor", the opera was first performed at La Scala in Milan on 9 March 1842.
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William Tell Overture The "William Tell" Overture is the overture to the opera "William Tell" (original French title "Guillaume Tell"), whose music was composed by Gioachino Rossini. "William Tell" premiered in 1829 and was the last of Rossini's 39 operas, after which he went into semi-retirement, although he continued to compose cantatas, sacred music and secular vocal music. The overture is in four parts, each following without pause.
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L'arbre enchanté L’arbre enchanté, ou Le tuteur dupé ("The Magic Tree, or, the Tutor Duped"), Wq 42, is a one-act opéra comique by Christoph Willibald Gluck to a libretto based on the 1752 opéra-comique "Le poirier" ("The Peartree") with a text by Jean-Joseph Vadé. Vadé's libretto was based on a tale from Boccaccio's "Decameron", as retold by Jean de La Fontaine. Gluck's opera was written for the nameday of Emperor Francis Stephan, premiering at the Schönbrunn palace in Vienna on the evening of October 3, 1759, anniversary of the death of Saint Francis of Assisi.
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Alessandro Severo Alessandro Severo (Alexander Severus, HWV A13) is an opera by George Frideric Handel composed in 1738. It is one of Handel's three pasticcio works, made up of the music and arias of his previous operas "Giustino", "Berenice" and "Arminio". Only the overture and recitatives (as well as the words) were new. The impresario Johann Jacob Heidegger probably selected the 1717 libretto by Apostolo Zeno, originally written for Antonio Lotti and re-used by many composers thereafter.
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La finta semplice La finta semplice ("The Fake Innocent"), K. 51 (46a) is an opera buffa in three acts for seven voices and orchestra, composed in 1768 by then 12-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Young Mozart and his father Leopold were spending the year in Vienna, where Leopold was trying to establish his son as an opera composer. He was acting on a suggested request from the Emperor Joseph II that the young boy should write an opera.