On what date was the Precision Medicine Initiative announced?
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Precision Medicine Initiative The Precision Medicine Initiative is a research project created by Barack Obama in 2015 with $215 million in funding that aims to make advances in tailoring medical care to the individual. The project aims to collect genetic and health data from one million subjects. The initiative was announced during the 2015 State of the Union Address and is advised by Verily Life Sciences.
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2015 State of the Union Address The 2015 State of the Union Address was given by the 44th United States President, Barack Obama, on Tuesday, January 20, 2015, in the chamber of the United States House of Representatives. Following recent tradition, Speaker of the House John Boehner sent a letter on December 19, 2014, formally inviting President Obama to speak (despite a proposal from some conservatives that House Republicans withhold the invitation in retaliation for Obama's executive actions on immigration reform). It was addressed to the 114th United States Congress. The State of the Union Address was broadcast on various television and radio stations and webcast from the White House. Webcasts were also provided by other sponsors, including a webcast from the U.S. Republican Party.
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Medical Decision Making (journal) Medical Decision Making is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the fields of decision-making and medical informatics. Its editor-in-chief is Alan J. Schwartz (University of Illinois at Chicago). It was established in 1981 and is currently published by SAGE Publications on behalf of the Society for Medical Decision Making. A sister open access journal focusing on applications of medical decision making, "Medical Decision Making Policy & Practice", began publishing in 2016.
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Dietary Reference Intake The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies (United States). It was introduced in 1997 in order to broaden the existing guidelines known as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs, see below). The DRI values differ from those used in nutrition labeling on food and dietary supplement products in the U.S. and Canada, which uses Reference Daily Intakes (RDIs) and Daily Values (%DV) which were based on outdated RDAs from 1968 but were updated as of 2016.
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Pharmaceutical innovations Pharmaceutical innovations are currently guided by a patent system, the patent system protects the innovator of medicines for a period of time. The patent system does not currently stimulate innovation or pricing that provides access to medicine for those who need it the most, It provides for profitable innovation. As of 2014 about $140 Billion is spent on research and development of pharmaceuticals which produces 25-35 new drugs. Technology, which is transforming science, medicine, and research tools has increased the speed at which we can analyze data but we currently still must test the products which is a lengthy process. Differences in the performance of medical care may be due to variation in the introduction and circulation of pharmaceutical innovations.
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SHINE Medical Technologies In 2009, the supply of molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), a precursor to technetium-99m used in more than 30 medical imaging procedures, fell short of demand due to maintenance idling of a pair of research reactors, one located in the Netherlands, forcing doctors to use more dangerous isotopes. By 2016, the largest global supplier of the isotope, a Canadian research reactor, was scheduled to go idle. In 2010, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), a part of the United States Department of Energy, began funding a number of method development ventures aimed at ensuring that shortages in the United States could be avoided as well as reducing the use of highly enriched uranium and with it lowering the risk of nuclear proliferation.
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Genome Research Genome Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. The focus of the journal is on research that provides novel insights into the genome biology of all organisms, including advances in genomic medicine. This scope includes genome structure and function, comparative genomics, molecular evolution, genome-scale quantitative and population genetics, proteomics, epigenomics, and systems biology. The journal also features interesting gene discoveries and reports of cutting-edge computational biology and high-throughput methodologies. New data in these areas are published as research papers, or methods and resource reports that provide novel information on technologies or tools that will be of interest to a broad readership. The journal was established in 1991 as "PCR Methods and Applications" and obtained its current title in 1995. Disregarding review journals, Genome Research ranks 2nd in the category 'Genetics and Genomics' after Nature Genetics. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 14.63.
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RTS,S RTS,S/AS01 — trade name Mosquirix — is a recombinant protein-based malaria vaccine. Approved for use by European regulators in July 2015, it is not only the world's first licensed malaria vaccine, but the first vaccine licensed for use against a parasitic disease of any kind. The RTS,S vaccine was conceived of and created in the late 1980s by scientists working at SmithKline Beecham Biologicals (now GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines) laboratories in Belgium. The vaccine was further developed through a collaboration between GSK and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and has been funded in part by the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Its efficacy ranges from 26 to 50% in infants and young children. It is considered to be a milestone advance in the worldwide campaign against malaria. On 23 October 2015, The World Health Organization's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) and the Malaria Policy Advisory Committee (MPAC) jointly recommended a pilot implementation of the vaccine in Africa.
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Title X The Title X Family Planning Program, officially known as Public Law 91-572 or “Population Research and Voluntary Family Planning Programs”, was enacted under President Richard Nixon in 1970 as part of the Public Health Service Act. Title X is the only federal grant program dedicated solely to providing individuals with comprehensive family planning and related preventive health services. Title X is legally designed to prioritize the needs of low-income families or uninsured people (including those who are not eligible for Medicaid) who might not otherwise have access to these health care services. These services are provided to low-income and uninsured individuals at reduced or no cost. Its overall purpose is to promote positive birth outcomes and healthy families by allowing individuals to decide the number and spacing of their children. The other health services provided in Title X-funded clinics are integral in achieving this objective.
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STAR METRICS STAR METRICS (Science and Technology for America's Reinvestment: Measuring the EffecT of Research on Innovation, Competitiveness and Science) is a partnership (STAR METRICS Consortium) between United States federal science agencies and research institutions to document the return on investment, research impact, and social outcomes of federally funded research and development. The federal consortium comprises the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation, (NSF), the US Department of Agriculture, (USDA), and the US Environmental Protection Agency,(EPA). NIH is the host agency for the consortium, which is governed by an Executive Committee and an advisory interagency working group. Dr. Sally Rockey, Deputy Director of Extramural Research, NIH is the Lead Entity Executive for the STAR METRICS consortium. A trademark application has been filed for ""STAR METRICS"" by the US Department of Health and Human Services and is pending with the USPTO.
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Washington Apple Health Washington Apple Health is the Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Programs offered in Washington state. The program was initiated January 1, 2014. It was preceded in 2008 by a children's health plan run by the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services called "Apple Health for Kids". In 2016, the plan was ordered by a Federal district court judge to include a coverage treatment with a certain drug for Hepatitis C to all 28,000 patients with the disease, not only those who qualified based on degree of liver damage.
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Editas Medicine Editas Medicine is a discovery-phase pharmaceutical company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts which aims to develop therapies based on CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing technology. The company went public on 2 Feb 2016. This initial public offering was noted as being the first such from a company which aims to use "DNA itself to internally treat afflictions". The company has conceded that “It will be many years, if ever, before we have a product candidate ready for commercialization.” Further, the company's valuation depends on a single patent, which holder was in dispute as of early 2016, presenting a major risk to the company's continued viability.
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Medvedev modernisation programme The Medvedev modernisation programme is an initiative launched by President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev in 2009, which aims at modernising Russia's economy and society, decreasing the country's dependency on oil and gas revenues and creating a diversified economy based on high technology and innovation. The programme is based on the top 5 priorities for the country's technological development: efficient energy use; nuclear technology; information technology; medical technology and pharmaceuticals; and space technology in combination with telecommunications.
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3 by 5 Initiative The 3 by 5 Initiative was an initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO) to provide antiretroviral treatment to patients with HIV/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries. The program lasted from December 2003 to December 2005, and the name "3 by 5" refers to the goal of treating 3 million people by 2005. The 3 by 5 Initiative is seen as the beginning of the scaling of antiretroviral treatments, and evaluations of the Initiative take this into account.
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Sarilumab Sarilumab (trade name Kevzara) is a human monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor. Regeneron and Sanofi developed the drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), for which it received US FDA approval on 22 May 2017 and EMA approval on 23 June 2017.
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SLAS Technology SLAS Technology (Translating Life Sciences Innovation) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening in partnership with SAGE Publications . The editor-in-chief is Edward Kai-Hua Chow, Ph.D. (National University of Singapore). The journal explores ways in which scientists adapt advancements in technology for scientific exploration and experimentation, especially in life sciences research and development. This includes drug-delivery; diagnostics; biomedical and molecular imaging; personalized and precision medicine; high-throughput and other laboratory automation technologies; micro/nanotechnologies; analytical, separation and quantitative techniques; synthetic chemistry and biology; informatics (data analysis, statistics, bio, genomic and chemoinformatics); and more. The journal was published from 1996 through 2016 with the title "Journal of Laboratory Automation". Its name changed in 2017 to more accurately reflect the evolution of its editorial scope.
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Drug Quality and Security Act The Drug Quality and Security Act ( ) is a law that amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs. The bill was written in response to the New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that took place in 2012, which killed 64 people. The bill was signed by President Obama on November 27, 2013.
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Medical News Today Medical News Today is a web-based outlet for medical news, targeted to both physicians and the general public. The site was launched in 2003. All posted content is available on-line (>250,000 articles as of January 2014) and the earliest available article item is dated from May 2003.
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Medicare Part D Medicare Part D, also called the Medicare prescription drug benefit, is a United States federal-government program to subsidize the costs of prescription drugs and prescription drug insurance premiums for Medicare beneficiaries. It was enacted as part of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 (which also made changes to the public Part C Medicare health plan program) and went into effect on January 1, 2006.
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TheNNT The theNNT is an evidence-based medicine website created by a small group led by David H. Newman and Graham Walker that collects statistical information about drugs, particularly the number needed to treat measure. The website was launched in 2010.
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Informatics Corporation of America Informatics Corporation of America (ICA) is a privately held health information technology organization headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. It serves integrated delivery systems (IDNs), health information exchanges (HIEs), individual hospitals, Independent Practice Associations (IPAs) and Regional Health Information Systems (RHIOs). In 2000, some of Vanderbilt University Medical Center's (VUMC) practicing physicians teamed with informatics professionals to develop two complementary software applications—dubbed StarChart and StarPanel—to aggregate and organize medical data, and to improve communication and clinical decision-making within a single interface. This technology has allowed VUMC to improve efficiency and communication processes in order to deliver cohesive care across the medical center and its affiliated clinics and physicians' practices.
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WHO-CHOICE WHO-CHOICE ("CHO"osing "I"nterventions that are "C"ost-"E"ffective) is an initiative started by the World Health Organization in 1998 to help countries choose their healthcare priorities. It is an example of priority-setting in global health. It was one of the earliest projects to perform sectoral cost-effectiveness analyses (i.e., cost-effectiveness analyses that compare a wide range of types of spending within a sector and prioritize holistically) on a global scale. Findings from WHO-CHOICE have shaped the World Health Report of 2002, been published in the "British Medical Journal" in 2012, and been cited by charity evaluators and academics alongside DCP2 and the Copenhagen Consensus.