Who was born first, Ixtlilxochitl II or Moctezuma II?
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Ixtlilxochitl II Ixtlilxochitl II (c. 1500–c. 1550) was the son of Nezahualpilli, king of Texcoco. In 1516 Nezahualpilli died, and the succession was contested by two of his sons, Cacamatzin and Ixtlilxochitl. The former was supported by Moctezuma II, emperor of Mexico, but the latter, appealing to the patriotic sentiment of his nation, would have persuaded them that his brother was too much in the Mexican interest to be true to his own country. A civil war ensued, and ended by a compromise, by which one half of the kingdom, with the capital, remained to Cacamatzin and the northern part to his brother. Ixtlilxochitl became from that time the enemy of Montezuma.
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Moctezuma II Moctezuma II (c. 1466 – 29 June 1520), variant spellings include Montezuma, Moteuczoma, Motecuhzoma and referred to in full by early Nahuatl texts as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin ("Moctezuma the Young",    ), was the ninth "tlatoani" or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520. The first contact between indigenous civilizations of Mesoamerica and Europeans took place during his reign, and he was killed during the initial stages of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, when conquistador Hernán Cortés and his men fought to escape from the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan.
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Matlalatzin Matlalatzin was a Queen of Tenochtitlan as a wife of the king Chimalpopoca, and was a princess by birth. She was a daughter of Quaquapitzahuac, king of Tlatelolco, and sister of the king Tlacateotl and queen Huacaltzintli. She bore seven children.
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Quinatzin Quinatzin (full name: Quinatzin Tlaltecatzin) (,    ) was a King of ancient Texcoco, an Acolhua city-state in Mexico. He was the first known ruler of that city and is also known as Quinatzin II.
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Chichimecacihuatzin II Chichimecacihuatzin II ("Little/Revered Chichimec Woman",    ) was an Aztec princess of Tenochtitlan in Mexico.
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Motezuma Motezuma is an opera in three acts by Antonio Vivaldi with an Italian libretto by Alvise Giusti. The libretto is very loosely based on the life of the Aztec ruler Montezuma who died in 1520. The first performance was given in the Teatro Sant'Angelo in Venice on 14 November 1733. (In earlier reference books the opera is referred to as "Montezuma", but since the reappearance of the original manuscript this has been corrected to "Motezuma".) The music was thought to have been lost, but was discovered in 2002 in the archive of the music library of the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin. Its first fully staged performance in modern times took place in Düsseldorf, Germany, on 21 September 2005.
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K'inich Yo'nal Ahk II K'inich Yo'nal Ahk II (born on December 29, 664), also known as Ruler 3, was a king of Piedras Negras, Maya city in Guatemala. He reigned from January 2, 687 until 729.
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Túpac Huallpa Túpac Huallpa (or Huallpa Túpac) (died October 1533), original name Auqui Huallpa Túpac, was the first vassal Inca Emperor installed by the Spanish conquistadors, during the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire led by Francisco Pizarro. His latest known descendants are the Salvador Sundblad and his offspring.
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Montezuma (BBC documentary) Montezuma is a 2009 BBC Television documentary film in which Dan Snow examines the reign of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II.
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Wuqu-Batz' Wuqu-Batz' was an "Ahpo Sotz'il" (ruler) of Iximche, capital of the Late Postclassic Kaqchikel Maya kingdom.
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Muwatalli II Muwatalli II (also Muwatallis, or Muwatallish) was a king of the New Kingdom of the Hittite empire (c. 1295–1272 BC (short chronology)).
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Chac Chel Chac Chel is a powerful ancient Maya goddess of creation, destruction, childbirth, water, weaving and spinning, healing, and divining. She is half of the original Creator Couple, seen most often as the wife of Chaac, who is the pre-eminent god of lightning and rain, although she is occasionally paired with the Creator God Itzamna in the Popol Vuh, the highland Maya bible. This highlights her importance, as dualities such as male/female and husband/wife were extremely important to the Maya, and one cannot function without the other. Chac Chel is also called Goddess O by many Mayanists and she is the aged, grandmotherly counterpart to the young goddess of childbirth and weaving, Ix Chel (also known as Goddess I and Ixik Kab). Most popular in the Late Classic and Postclassic Periods, she is most often depicted in scenes in the Dresden Codex and Madrid Codex. Depictions of her, and burial goods related to her, have also been found in Chichen Itza, the Balankanche Cave near Chichen Itza, Tulum, The Margarita Tomb in Copan, and in Yaxchilan.
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Huixtocihuatl In Aztec mythology, Huixtocihuatl (or Uixtochihuatl, Uixtociuatl) was a fertility goddess who presided over salt and salt water. Her younger brother was Tlaloc, and the rain gods, the Tlaloques were her sisters, or, in some sources, the children of Tlaloc. One interpretation of the myths surrounding Huixtochiuatl says she gained control over sea water when she was having a fight with the Tlaloques and they threw all their salt water at her in an attempt to drown her.
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La Malinche La Malinche (] ; c. 1496 or c. 1501 – c. 1529), known also as Malinalli ] , Malintzin ] or Doña Marina ] , was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, acting as an interpreter, advisor, mistress, and intermediary for the Spanish conquistador, Hernán Cortés. She was one of 20 women slaves given to the Spaniards by the natives of Tabasco in 1519. Later, she became a mistress to Cortés and gave birth to his first son, Martín, who is considered one of the first Mestizos (people of mixed European and indigenous American ancestry).
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Itzamnaaj B'alam II Itzamnaaj Bʻalam II was a Maya king who ruled in Yaxchilan from 681 until he died in the year 742. He is also called Shield Jaguar II by modern writers and commonly referred to simply as Shield Jaguar based on his name glyph before the phonetic name was deciphered.
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Tlaltecuhtli Tlaltecuhtli ] is a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican deity, identified from sculpture and iconography dating to the Late Postclassic period of Mesoamerican chronology (ca. 1200–1519), primarily among the Mexica (Aztec) and other Nahuatl-speaking cultures. Tlaltecuhtli is also known from several post-conquest manuscripts that surveyed Mexica mythology and belief systems, such as the "Histoyre du méchique" compiled in the mid-16th century.
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Papantzin Papantzin was a Texcocoan princess, the granddaughter of Nezahualpilli, and the sister-in-law of Moctezuma II, whose policy was to marry his brothers and male relatives to the daughters of (potentially) rival kings, and thus secure his realm. In 1509, Papantzin fell seriously ill and became comatose. Believing her dead, the Texcocoans laid her in a tomb (unlike the Aztecs who burned their dead), but almost immediately, the mourners heard her cry out to be released. She related a vision, in which a luminous being with "crossed sticks" on his forehead led her to the shore of the Atlantic Ocean, where she saw several large "floating houses" (ships) approach from the horizon, having black crosses on their "wings" (sails) similar to that on her guide's forehead. The princess was informed that the men in the ships came from a distant land and would conquer the Aztecs and bring a knowledge of the One True God. When she related this vision to Moctezuma, he read the doom of his empire in it, and refused to ever speak to her again.
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Yohaulticetl In Aztec mythology, Yohualticetl, the "Lady of the Night", was a moon goddess and guardian of infants. She may have been the same as Metztli and Coyolxauhqui and the male moon god Tecciztecatl.
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Matlalxoch Matlalxoch was an Aztec princess, the only daughter of Emperor Acamapichtli and granddaughter of Ahuexotl. She was a half-sister of Emperors Huitzilihuitl and Itzcoatl and half-aunt of Emperors Chimalpopoca and Moctezuma I. She is mentioned by Chimalpahin.
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History of Mexico The history of Mexico, a country in the southern portion of North America, covers a period of more than three millennia. First populated more than 13,000 years ago, the territory had complex indigenous civilizations before being conquered and colonized by the Spanish in the 16th century. One of the important aspects of Mesoamerican civilizations was their development of a form of writing, so that Mexico's written history stretches back hundreds of years before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519. This era before the arrival of Europeans is called variously the prehispanic era or the precolumbian era.
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Huitzilatzin Huitzilatzin (or Huitzillatzin) (died in the year Seven Reed/1499) was the first "tlatoani" (ruler) of the pre-Columbian "altepetl" (ethnic state) of Huitzilopochco (now Churubusco) in the Valley of Mexico.
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Isabel Moctezuma Doña Isabel Moctezuma (born Tecuichpoch Ixcaxochitzin; 1509/1510 – 1550/1551) was a daughter of the Aztec ruler Moctezuma II. She was the consort of the Aztec emperors Cuitláhuac and Cuauhtémoc and as such the last Aztec empress. After the Spanish conquest, Doña Isabel was recognized as Moctezuma's legitimate heir, and became one of the Mexican Indians granted an "encomienda." Among the others were her half-sister Marina (or Leonor) Moctezuma, and Juan Sánchez, an Indian governor in Oaxaca.