Who was the linguist who expanded on languages initially developed by the author of "The Hobbit"?
2ab3237643cb3768731685492463b3aa
David Salo David I. Salo is a linguist who worked on the languages of J. R. R. Tolkien for the "Lord of the Rings" film trilogy, expanding the Elvish languages (particularly Sindarin) by building on vocabulary already known from published works, and defining some languages that previously had a very small published vocabulary. In 2003, he was a graduate student in linguistics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
38a8a51457abb2afc467f72255060ccc
J. R. R. Tolkien John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, ( ; 3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor who is best known as the author of the classic high-fantasy works "The Hobbit", "The Lord of the Rings", and "The Silmarillion".
04836dd6af37c7f6ed453a86a72862e2
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is a 2012 epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson. It is the first installment in a three-part film adaptation based on the 1937 novel "The Hobbit" by J. R. R. Tolkien. It is followed by "" (2013) and "" (2014), and together they act as a prequel to Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" film trilogy. The film's screenplay was written by Peter Jackson, his longtime collaborators Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct the film before leaving the project in 2010.
80e9cfb8cdbd7e0ad2524891ae40f52a
Canaanite languages The Canaanite languages or Canaanite dialects are one of the four subdivisions of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being the Aramaic language, the Ugaritic language, and the Amorite language. They were spoken by the ancient Semitic people of the Canaan and Levant regions, an area encompassing what are today Israel, Jordan, Sinai, Lebanon, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and also some fringe areas of southern Turkey and the northern Arabian peninsula. The Canaanites are broadly defined to include the Israelites (including Judeans and Samaritans), Phoenicians (including Carthaginians), Amorites, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Suteans, Ekronites and Amalekites. The Canaanite languages had ceased to be everyday spoken languages by the 1st millennium AD, but Hebrew remained in continuous use by many Jews since that period into medieval times as a liturgical language, literary language, and for commerce, until it was revived as an everyday spoken language in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and became the main language of the Jews of Palestine and later the State of Israel. Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language today.
4d3540b7645f21cb17f41e7e45f306b6
Hobbit (computer) Hobbit (Хоббит) is a Soviet/Russian 8-bit home computer, based on the Sinclair ZX Spectrum hardware architecture.
7d93f6749f79928c2656002cc38a1d4f
Tiberian Hebrew Tiberian Hebrew is the canonical pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh committed to writing by Masoretic scholars living in the Jewish community of Tiberias in ancient Judea  750–950 CE . They wrote in the form of Tiberian vocalization, which employed diacritics added to the Hebrew letters: vowel signs and consonant diacritics (nequdot) and the so-called accents (two related systems of cantillation signs or te'amim). These together with the marginal notes masora magna and masora parva make up the Tiberian apparatus.
3b8dc03df261017186ac018ec99017c0
David Wenzel David T. Wenzel ( ; born November 22, 1950) is an illustrator and children's book artist. He is best known for his graphic novel adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit".
c6a55280311e3ce0d36e02dc0b6880c7
Ancient Belgian language Ancient Belgian is a hypothetical extinct Indo-European language, spoken in Belgica (northern Gaul) in late prehistory. It is often identified with the hypothetical Nordwestblock. While it remains a matter of controversy, the linguist Maurits Gysseling — who himself attributed the term to SJ De Laet — hypothesised a Belgian that was distinct from the later Celtic and Germanic languages. According to the theory, which was further elaborated by Hans Kuhn and others, traces of Belgian can be found in certain toponyms such as South-East-Flemish Bevere, Eine, Mater and Melden.
66a536812df7d3b2d1761a65f05195f0
Middle-earth wars and battles J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth fantasy writings include many wars and battles set in the lands of Aman, Beleriand, Númenor, and Middle-earth. These are related in his various books such as "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings", and "The Silmarillion", "Unfinished Tales" and other posthumously published books edited by his son Christopher Tolkien.
72855a610a92bec128f3af55f5d7579e
Olav Beito Olav Toreson Beito (March 30, 1901 – September 28, 1989) was a Norwegian linguist and professor of Nordic studies at the University of Oslo.
4407294f37dab370c70a8a8f1e966659
Universalglot Universalglot is an "a posteriori" international auxiliary language published by the French linguist Jean Pirro in 1868 in "Tentative d'une langue universelle, Enseignement, grammaire, vocabulaire". Preceding Volapük by a decade and Esperanto by nearly 20 years, Universalglot has been called the first "complete auxiliary-language system based on the common elements in national languages". In his book describing his own language project Novial, Otto Jespersen praised the language, writing that it is "one to which I constantly recur with the greatest admiration, because it embodies principles which were not recognized till much later".
4f500c308651c5e0a548190c8fe6fb04
Eiríkur Rögnvaldsson Eiríkur Rögnvaldsson (born June 1, 1955, in Sauðárkrókur, Iceland) is an Icelandic linguist and professor of Icelandic at the University of Iceland. He is the author of several prominent works on the Icelandic language, including "Íslensk hljóðkerfisfræði" (“Icelandic phonology”, 1993), "Íslensk rímorðabók" (“Icelandic rhyme dictionary”, 1989), and several textbooks for university and high school students. He is also a prominent Icelandic scholar in the field of natural language processing, having among other things co-authored the Icelandic Parsed Historical Corpus.
58225ee81b3818b9453ef10833af12c2
Adaptations of The Hobbit The first authorized adaptation of "The Hobbit" was a stage production by St. Margaret's School, Edinburgh in March 1953. Subsequently, "The Hobbit" has been adapted for a variety of media including stage, screen, radio, board games and video games.
b8ce92f1e480e831d07c018f952e56b8
Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish The translations of "The Lord of the Rings" into Swedish have been the subject of controversy.
287b14a5a05bb6525334136d9710c58b
Rasmus Rask Rasmus Kristian Rask (] ; born Rasmus Christian Nielsen Rasch; sometimes rendered as Erasmus Rask; 22 November 1787 – 14 November 1832) was a Danish linguist and philologist. He wrote several grammars and worked on comparative phonology and morphology. Rask traveled extensively to study languages, first to Iceland, where he wrote the first grammar of Icelandic, and later to Russia, Persia, India, and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Shortly before his death, he was hired as professor of Eastern languages at the University of Copenhagen. Rask is especially known for his contributions to comparative linguistics, including an early formulation of what would later be known as Grimm's Law.
7addba66ad4527c755499f997c02db97
List of hobbit families Hobbits are a fictional race in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth books. They first appear in "The Hobbit" and play an important role in the book "The Lord of the Rings".
557e26c36b1ef8dd96e19521c8962792
Samuel Jay Keyser Samuel Jay Keyser (born 7 July 1935) is an American theoretical linguist who is an authority on the history and structure of the English language and on linguistic approaches to literary criticism.
3a197d4af425646e216140c048195f83
The History of The Hobbit The History of The Hobbit is a two-volume study of J. R. R. Tolkien’s "The Hobbit". It was published by HarperCollins in June and July 2007 in the United Kingdom, with both volumes released in the United States by Houghton Mifflin on September 21, 2007; a boxed set combining "The Hobbit" with "The History of" The Hobbit was released on October 26, 2007. A single volume edition was released on October 27, 2011.
063f3e7840dbdd0a8f4f8a5a4a5e18b3
Vivien Law Vivien Anne Law, Lady Shackleton, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (22 March 1954 – 19 February 2002) was a British linguist and academic, who specialised in grammar. Over her lifetime, she "acquired a grammatical knowledge of over a hundred languages". She spent all her academic career at the University of Cambridge.
8fe378842a38d8feaabac4c98010d411
Conlanging - The Art of Crafting Tongues Conlanging - The Art of Crafting Tongues is a 2017 documentary film about conlanging - the hobby of constructing artificial languages and the people who make them. The film features notable conlangers David J. Peterson (Dothraki and High Valyrian from "Game of Thrones"); Marc Okrand (Klingon from "Star Trek") and David Salo (consultant on Tolkien's languages, particularly Sindarin for Peter Jackson's "The Lord of the Rings" and "The Hobbit" movies), as well as Paul Frommer, linguistics professor and creator of Na'vi, and Christine Schreyer, anthropologist at the University of British Columbia, who hopes to be able to apply conlanging methods to endangered languages. The film also looks at the history of the hobby and modern-day conlangers. While the film was made available for online purchase in 24 August, a premiere was held on 22 July at the University of Calgary's Plaza Theatre.. Production began in 2015, but the film's future was secured through an Indiegogo campaign that raised $25,000 during August 2016. The Language Creation Society provided $1,000 worth of funds towards the film and held an interview with Watkins.
6f6cc2aeeb543fa31d558dac5184557f
The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion (2005) is a nonfiction book written by scholars Wayne G. Hammond and Christina Scull. It is an annotated reference to J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings". Hammond and Scull proceed chapter-by-chapter from the original foreword through to the end of "The Lord of the Rings". Appendices, examining the evolution of the text, changes, inconsistencies, and errors, often using comments from Tolkien's own notes and letters. Other sections cover the numerous maps of Middle-earth, chronologies of the story and its writing, and notes on the book and jacket design of the first editions of 1954-55. The book includes some previously unpublished material by Tolkien. It also reprints part of a 1951 letter in which Tolkien explicates, at some length, his conception and vision of "The Lord of the Rings". Reprinted for the first time since 1980, and corrected and expanded, is Tolkien's "Nomenclature of The Lord of the Rings" (previously referred to as "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings"), an index of persons, places, and things designed to aid the translator in rendering Tolkien's work into foreign languages. It is available in both hardcover and paperback.
37ebfb971243804138618db8f52498a2
Quenya grammar Quenya is a fictional language devised by J. R. R. Tolkien, and used in his fictional universe, often called Middle-earth.