Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay may be used to test your blood if you have what condition?
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Turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay Turbidimetric inhibition immuno assay (TINIA) is a type of immunoassay that uses turbidimetry as the measurement principle and is used for many commercial immunoassays, e.g. measurement of HbA1c%, Digoxin etc. in whole blood sample in several commercial assays employ this principle.
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Digoxin Digoxin, sold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart conditions. Most frequently it is used for atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and heart failure. Digoxin is taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.
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Steatocrit Steatocrit or Acid steatocrit is a simple, rapid gravimetric method to determine steatorrhea. The test is simple, rapid, inexpensive, and reliable. It is a qualitative test that can be used when other methods are impractical.
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Thiopurine The thiopurine drugs are purine antimetabolites widely used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, autoimmune disorders (e.g., Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis), and organ transplant recipients.
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Activated clotting time Activated clotting time (ACT), also known as activated coagulation time is a test of coagulation.
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Latex fixation test A latex fixation test, also called a latex agglutination assay or test (LA assay or test), is an assay used clinically in the identification and typing of many important microorganisms. These tests use the patient's antigen-antibody immune response. This response occurs when the body detects a pathogen and forms an antibody specific to an identified antigen (a protein configuration) present on the surface of the pathogen.
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Immune disorder An immune disorder is a dysfunction of the immune system. These disorders can be characterized in several different ways:
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Suparnostic suPARnostic is a simplified double monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that measures the amount of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in blood. Elevated plasma suPAR levels have been observed in various infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. suPAR concentration positively correlates to the activation level of the immune system. suPARnostic can be used as a prognostic tool to determine the severity of a disease within a patient, but is not used as a reliable diagnostic tool, as it can detect the severity of the immune response in a patient, but does not reveal the specific disease from which the patient may be suffering. Recently, increase suPAR levels were shown to be associated with increased risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)/sepsis, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, infectious diseases, HIV, cancer tuberculosis, malaria, bacterial and viral CNS infections, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and mortality in the general population.
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Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity (TAMA) is a severe often fatal disease that presents in some patients with thymoma. It has also been referred to in the medical literature as "thymoma-associated graft-versus-host-like disease".
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Polycythemia Polycythemia (also known as polycythaemia or polyglobulia) is a disease state in which the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood cells in the blood) is >55%.
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3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine or TMB is a chromogenic substrate used in staining procedures in immunohistochemistry as well as being a visualising reagent used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). TMB is a white crystal powder that forms a pale blue-green liquid in solution with ethyl acetate. TMB is degraded by sunlight and by fluorescent lights.
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Autoimmune encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis (or autoimmune encephalopathy) is a diverse group of neuro-psychiatric disorders recognized recently , presenting acutely or subacutely with alteration of consciousness, cognitive decline, seizure, and abnormal movements. Associated with systemic autoimmune disorders, CNS autoimmune disorders and paraneoplastic syndromes. Pathogenesis is likely to be mediated by antibodies (Abs) to CNS proteins. The Abs are directed against membrane receptors and ion channel-associated proteins that are expressed on the surface of neurons in the CNS, such as N-methyl D-aspartate receptors and leucine-rich, glioma inactivated protein and contactin-associated protein like, that are associated with voltage-gated potassium channels. The diseases are not invariably cancer-related and are therefore different from the classical paraneoplastic neurological diseases that are associated with, but not caused by, Abs to intracellular proteins. Diagnosis of autoimmune encephalopathy is based on the clinical course, serologic evidence of autoimmunity, severe but nonspecific slowing on electroencephalography, and evidence of intrathecal inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging by MRI. Treatment include first-line steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), and plasma exchange, and second-line Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide, followed in many cases by steroid-sparing agents in the long-term.
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Hyperproinsulinemia Hyperproinsulinemia is a disease where insulin is not sufficiently processed before secretion and immature forms of insulin make up the majority of circulating insulin immunoreactivity in both fasting and glucose-stimulated conditions (insulin immunoreactivity refers to all molecules detectable by an insulin antibody, i.e. insulin, proinsulin, and proinsulin-like material). The term is composed of "hyper" - high, "proinsulin" - immature insulin molecule, and "-emia" - blood condition.
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Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility Autoimmune gastrointestinal dysmotility (AGID) is an autoimmune disease autonomic neuropathy affecting the gastrointestinal organs and digestive system of the body. Dysmotility is when the strength or coordination of the esophagus, stomach or intestines muscles do not work as they should.
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Coombs test A Coombs test (also known as Coombs' test, antiglobulin test or AGT) is either of two clinical blood tests used in immunohematology and immunology. The two Coombs tests are the direct Coombs test (DCT, also known as direct antiglobulin test or DAT), and the indirect Coombs test (also known as indirect antiglobulin test or IAT)
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Eosinophilic pneumonia Eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) is a disease in which an eosinophil, a type of white blood cell, accumulates in the lung. These cells cause disruption of the normal air spaces (alveoli) where oxygen is extracted from the atmosphere. Several different kinds of eosinophilic pneumonia exist and can occur in any age group. The most common symptoms include cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and sweating at night. EP is diagnosed by a combination of characteristic symptoms, findings on a physical examination by a health provider, and the results of blood tests and x-rays. Prognosis is excellent once most EP is recognized and treatment with corticosteroids is begun.
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Transmarginal inhibition In psychology, Transmarginal inhibition, or TMI, is an organism's response to overwhelming stimuli.
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Leukostasis Leukostasis is an extreme form of leukocytosis (an excess of white blood cells) that is dangerously symptomatic. It is therefore also called symptomatic hyperleukocytosis. It is a white blood cell count above 100,000/μL. It is characterized by abnormal intravascular leukocyte aggregation and clumping. It is most often seen in leukemia patients. The brain and lungs are the two most commonly affected organs. Occluded microcirculation causes local hypoxemia and hemorrhage manifesting as headache, blurred vision, transient ischemic attacks, cerebrovascular accidents and dyspnea. It is an acute syndrome requiring aggressive cytoreductive modalities including chemotherapy and/or leukapheresis to both reduce the number of circulating leukocytes and to break apart any aggregates that have already formed. Such rapid and massive lysis of tissue poses risk of complications (tumor lysis syndrome), but it is necessary to avoid stroke.
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Alpha-1 antitrypsin Alpha-1-antitrypsin or α-antitrypsin (A1AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the "SERPINA1" gene. A protease inhibitor, it is also known as alpha–proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) or alpha-antiproteinase (A1AP) because it inhibits various proteases (not just trypsin). In older biomedical literature it was sometimes called serum trypsin inhibitor (STI, dated terminology), because its capability as a trypsin inhibitor was a salient feature of its early study. As a type of enzyme inhibitor, it protects tissues from enzymes of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophil elastase, and has a reference range in blood of 1.5–3.5 g/L (in the US the reference range is expressed as mg/dL or micromoles), but the concentration can rise manyfold upon acute inflammation. When the blood contains inadequate amounts of A1AT or functionally defective A1AT (such as in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency), neutrophil elastase is excessively free to break down elastin, degrading the elasticity of the lungs, which results in respiratory complications, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in adults. Normally, A1AT leaves its site of origin, the liver, and joins the systemic circulation; defective A1AT can fail to do so, building up in the liver, which results in cirrhosis in either adults or children.
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Immunohistochemistry test The immunohistochemistry (IHC) test is a laboratory method that detects antibodies of prions (mis-shapen proteins thought to transmit bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE or mad cow disease) by exposing a brain sample to a stain that appears as a specific color under a microscope.
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Pancytopenia Pancytopenia is a medical condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red and white blood cells, as well as platelets.
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Spirometry Spirometry (meaning "the measuring of breath") is the most common of the pulmonary function tests (PFTs). It measures lung function, specifically the amount (volume) and/or speed (flow) of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. Spirometry is helpful in assessing breathing patterns that identify conditions such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, and COPD. It is also helpful as part of a system of health surveillance, in which breathing patterns are measured over time.