Which activist, Christina Stead or René Char, was a committed Marxist?
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Christina Stead Christina Stead (17 July 190231 March 1983) was an Australian novelist and short-story writer acclaimed for her satirical wit and penetrating psychological characterisations. Christina Stead was a committed Marxist, although she was never a member of the Communist Party. She spent much of her life outside Australia.
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René Char René Char (] ; 14 June 1907 – 19 February 1988) was a 20th-century French poet and member of the French Resistance.
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Karl Roche Karl Roche (1862–1931) was a German syndicalist and left communist trade unionist. Roche joined the Free Association of German Trade Unions (FVdG) around 1900 as a seaman. He became a prominent member of the organization. In 1913, Carl Windhoff, Fritz Kater, and he were the FVdG delegates at the First International Syndicalist Congress in London. In 1919, he wrote the FVdG's first post-World War I platform "Was wollen die Syndikalisten? Programm, Ziele und Wege der "Freien Vereinigung deutscher Gewerkschaften"" ("What do the Syndicalists want? Program, Goals, and Means of the "Free Association of German Trade Unions""). The program summarized the FVdG's theory: a reaffirmation of the importance of strikes as a vehicle for emancipation and a rejection of the centralized mainstream labor unions. Roche was also a resolute proponent of collaboration with left communists. In late 1918, Rudolf Rocker returned to Germany, in March 1919 he joined the FVdG and started gaining influence. An avowed communist anarchist and follower of Kropotkin, Rocker rejected such close collaboration with Marxists. His growing influence led Roche to leave the Free Workers' Union of Germany, as the FVdG was now known, in 1920 and join the General Workers' Union of Germany (AAUD). He became the leader of the AAUD in Hamburg. In the mid-1920s he left the AAUD for the Federation of Communist Anarchists of Germany and then re-joined the FAUD.
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Rolf Gerstenberger Rolf Gerstenberger was the president of United Steelworkers, Local 1005 at the Hamilton Works of U.S. Steel Canada (formerly Stelco Hilton Works) in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada until his retirement effective May 5, 2015. He is also a prominent member of the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist-Leninist) and vice-president of its electoral arm, the Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada. He was a candidate for the Canadian House of Commons in the 1997 and 2000 Canadian federal elections, running in Hamilton East and Hamilton Mountain, respectively. However he was unsuccessful in getting elected.
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Annie Kriegel Annie Kriegel, née Annie Becker (born 9 September 1926, Paris; died August 26, 1995, Paris), was a French historian, a leading expert on communist studies and the history of Communism, a cofounder (1982) of the academic journal "Communisme" (with Stéphane Courtois), and a columnist for "Le Figaro".
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Hardial Bains Hardial Bains (Punjabi: ਹਰਦਿਆਲ ਬੈਂਸ ) (15 August 1939 – 24 August 1997) was a microbiology student and teacher, primarily known as the founder of a series of left-wing movements and parties foremost of which was the Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) (CPC (ML)). Presenting himself as staunchly anti-revisionist and pro-Stalinist, until his death, Bains acted the spokesperson and ideological leader of the CPC (ML) -- known in elections as the Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada. During span of his life, Bains' outlook swung from supporting the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, to Mao Zedong's China, then later to Enver Hoxha's Albania. Shortly before he died, and abandoning his previous sharp criticisms of the country, Bains turned to Fidel Castro's Cuba for inspiration. Spending most of his life in Canada, Bains was also politically active in England, Ireland and India.
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Helga Stene Helga Stene (8 October 1904 – 2 October 1983) was a Norwegian educator, feminist and resistance member. She was born in Notodden, and was a sister of Aasta Stene. She graduated from the University of Oslo in 1932. She lectured a few years at universities in Berlin and in Sweden. From 1937 to 1966 she was assigned to various secondary schools in Oslo, as teacher and administrator. During the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany she played a leading role in the "parents' resistance", including massive protests against new laws for regulating children's life. She was decorated Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav in 1977.
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Kathleen N. Straus Kathleen Nagler Straus (born December 3, 1923) is an activist who served as a member of the Michigan State Board of Education from 1993–2016. She has been continuously involved in civic organizations in Michigan since moving to Detroit in 1952 as a young mother. Her many volunteer and professional roles have included the Presidency of the League of Women Voters of Detroit, Executive Director of People and Responsible Organizations (PRO) for Detroit, President of the Michigan State Board of Education, and Secretary of the National Association of State Boards of Education.
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Seven Poor Men of Sydney Seven Poor Men of Sydney (1934) is the first novel by Australian writer Christina Stead.
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Ela Bhatt Ela Ramesh Bhatt (born 7 September 1933) is an Indian cooperative organiser, activist and Gandhian, who founded the Self-Employed Women's Association of India (SEWA) in 1972, and served as its general secretary from 1972 to 1996. A lawyer by training, Bhatt is a part of the international labour, cooperative, women, and micro-finance movements and has won several national and international awards, including the Ramon Magsaysay Award (1977), Right Livelihood Award (1984) and the Padma Bhushan (1986).
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Charles S. Zimmerman Charles S. "Sasha" Zimmerman (1896–1983) was an American socialist activist and trade union leader, who was an associate of Jay Lovestone. Zimmerman had a career spanning five decades as an official of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. During the early 1970s, Zimmerman and Bayard Rustin were national Co-Chairmen the Socialist Party of America and the Social Democrats USA.
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Sofía Montenegro Sofía Montenegro Alarcón (born 15 February 1954) is an award winning Nicaraguan journalist, social researcher and feminist. Montenegro's family were militarily aligned with the Somoza forces, but her feminist and Marxist studies moved her to join with the opposition to Somoza. She fought in the Sandinista Revolution and though initially supportive of the Sandinista Party, has become an outspoken opponent of its move to the right. She served as an editor of various divisions of the official Sandinista newspaper "Barricada" until 1994, when she founded the Center for Communication Research (CINCO) as an independent research organization free of government bias. She has written many articles and books evaluating power, gender and social interaction.
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Ingrid Antonijevic Ingrid Antonijevic Hahn (born 22 July 1952) is a Chilean economist, entrepreneur, academic and former Minister of Economy, Development and Reconstruction (2006) for only two months, in the first cabinet of socialist president Michelle Bachelet. In her youth, she was a militant in the MAPU organisation, and after the end of the Pinochet regime she was one of the founders of the Party for Democracy ("Partido Por la Democracia a.k.a. PPD") that has led the transition towards democracy in Chile. She is a progressive entrepreneur who promotes corporate social responsibility and the involvement of the private sector in projects initiated by the government that aim to benefit the whole country. She has acquired notoriety in her country for holding positions in organisations that have traditionally been held by men.
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Maltman Barry Michael Maltman Barry (1842 – 5 April 1909), often known as Maltman Barry, was a Scottish political activist who described himself as a Marxist but stood in elections for the Conservative Party.
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Karin Stenberg Maria Katrina Stenberg (1 May 1884 - 23 March 1969), commonly known as Karin Stenberg, was a Swedish-Sami teacher and activist in the early Sami unification movement in Sweden.
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René-Yves Creston René-Yves Creston (25 October 1898 – 30 May 1964), born René Pierre Joseph Creston, was a Breton artist, designer and ethnographer who founded the Breton nationalist art movement Seiz Breur. During World War II he was active in the French Resistance.
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Ferdinand Jung Ferdinand Jung (24 January 1905 – 2 December 1973) was a German Communist activist who resisted the Nazi government in the 1930s and spent a good deal of time in prisons and concentration camps. In later life he found himself in the political mainstream in his country's second one-party dictatorship and became a senior politician.
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Rirette Maîtrejean Rirette Maîtrejean was the pseudonym of Anna Estorges. She was a French individualist anarchist born in 1887 in Tulle who collaborated in the French individualist anarchism magazine "L'Anarchie" along with Émile Armand and Albert Libertad. She had romantic relationships with Maurice Vandamme and later Victor Serge. She converted to anarchism at the age of 17. While participating in the journal she gave talks on anarcha-feminist and free love subjects. Along with Serge she went on trial in 1912 accused of participating in the illegalist organization Bonnot Gang.
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For Marx For Marx (French: "Pour Marx" ) is a 1965 book by Louis Althusser, a leading theoretician of the French Communist Party. Althusser reinterprets the work of Karl Marx, proposing an epistemological break between the young Hegelian Marx, and the old Marx, the author of "Capital". One of Althusser's chief works, "For Marx" was first published in 1965, with an English translation in 1969. The work has been criticized by many scholars, and also by Althusser himself, who later believed he had neglected the class struggle.
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Wilebaldo Solano Wilebaldo Solano Alonso (July 7, 1916, Burgos, Spain – September 7, 2010, Barcelona, Spain) was a Spanish Communist activist during the Spanish Civil War, especially noted for his work with Socialist youth organizations as a member of the "Workers' Party of Marxist Unification" (POUM). Most of his activities before and during the Second Spanish Republic were centered in Catalonia.
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Clara Zetkin bibliography Clara Zetkin (5 July 1857 – 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist, activist, and advocate for women's rights. In 1911, she organized the first International Women's Day.
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Albert Steffen Albert Steffen (December 10, 1884, Wynau, Switzerland – July 13, 1963, Dornach, Switzerland) was a poet, painter, dramatist, essayist, and novelist. He joined the Theosophical Society in Germany in 1910, and the Anthroposophical Society in 1912 and became its president after the death of its founder, Rudolf Steiner, in 1925. Steffen was chief editor of the society's journal, "Das Goetheanum", from 1921-1963.