The Dio of Alexandria was sent to complain about which Egyptian king of Macedonian decent?
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Dio of Alexandria Dio of Alexandria (Greek: Δίων ) was an Academic philosopher and a friend of Antiochus of Ascalon who lived in the first century BC. He was sent by his fellow-citizens as ambassador to Rome, to complain about the conduct of their king, Ptolemy XII Auletes. On his arrival at Rome he was poisoned by the king's secret agents, and the strongest suspicion of the murder fell upon Marcus Caelius. The defence of Caelius in April 56 BC, the "Pro Caelio", is considered one of Cicero's and indeed Rome's greatest orations.
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Ptolemy XII Auletes Ptolemy Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos (117–51 BC; Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖος Νέος Διόνυσος Θεός Φιλοπάτωρ Θεός Φιλάδελφος , spoken "Ptolemaios Néos Diónysos Theós Philopátōr Theós Philádelphos" ≈ Ptolemy New Dionysus, God Beloved of his Father, God Beloved of his Brother), more commonly known as "Auletes" (Αὐλητής , "Aulētḗs" = the Flutist) or "Nothos" (Νόθος , "Nóthos" = the Bastard), was an Egyptian king of Macedonian descent. Auletes means "pipes-player", referring to the king's love of playing the pipes.
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Chrysogonus of Macedon Chrysogonus was an intimate friend and devoted servant of Philip V, King of Macedon from 221 to 179 BC. He was employed by Philip both in war and in peace, and possessed great influence with the king, which he seems to have exercised in an honourable manner, for Polybius says that Philip was most merciful when he followed the advice of Chrysogonus. He was also the father of poet Samus executed by Philip V.
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Cebalinus Cebalinus or Kebalinos (Ancient Greek: Κεβαλῖνος ) was a Macedonian who lived at the time of Alexander the Great. He was the brother of Nicomachus, the eromenos of Dimnus, who instigated a plot against Alexander in 330 BC. When Dimnus revealed the plot to Nicomachus, Nicomachus revealed it to Cebalinus. Cebalinus reported this plot to Philotas, but when on the day of the planned assassination, Philotas had still not told Alexander, he also told Metro, a royal page. Metro reported the plot to Alexander, and took Cebalinus to see him.
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Constantine the Great Constantine the Great (Latin: "Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus" ; Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας ; 27 February 272 AD – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great, Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor of Illyrian-Greek origin from 306 to 337 AD. He was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman Army officer, and his consort Helena. His father became "Caesar", the deputy emperor in the west, in 293 AD. Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under Emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius raised himself to the rank of "Augustus", senior western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Constantine was acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in 306 AD, and he emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against Emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324 AD.
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Antiochus II Theos Antiochus II Theos (Greek: Ἀντίοχος Β΄ ὁ Θεός ; 286–246 BC) was a Greek king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire who reigned from 261 to 246 BC. He succeeded his father Antiochus I Soter in the winter of 262–61 BC. He was the younger son of Antiochus I and princess Stratonice, the daughter of Demetrius Poliorcetes.
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Mares of Diomedes The Mares of Diomedes (Greek: Διομήδους ἵπποι ), also called the Mares of Thrace, were man-eating horses in Greek mythology. Magnificent, wild, and uncontrollable, they belonged to Diomedes (not to be confused with Diomedes, son of Tydeus), king of Thrace, son of Ares and Cyrene who lived on the shores of the Black Sea. Bucephalus, Alexander the Great's horse, was said to be descended from these mares.
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Perseus of Macedon Perseus (Greek: Περσεύς, "Perseus"; 212 – 166 BC) was the last king ("Basileus") of the Antigonid dynasty, who ruled the successor state in Macedon created upon the death of Alexander the Great. He also has the distinction of being the last of the line, after losing the Battle of Pydna on 22 June 168 BC; subsequently Macedon came under Roman rule.
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Necho I Menkheperre Necho I (Egyptian: Nekau, Greek: Νεχώς Α' or Νεχώ Α', Akkadian: Niku) (? – 664 BCE near Memphis) was a ruler of the Ancient Egyptian city of Sais. He was the first attested local Saite king of the 26th Dynasty of Egypt who reigned for 8 years (672–664 BCE) according to Manetho's "Epitome". Egypt was reunified by his son Psamtik I.
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Sethos Sethos (Greek: Σεθῶν "Sethon") was a pharaoh of Egypt described by Herodotus in his "Histories" (book II, chapter 141):
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Necho II Necho II (sometimes Nekau, Neku, Nechoh, or Nikuu; Greek: Νεχώς Β' or Νεχώ Β') of Egypt was a king of the 26th Dynasty (610–595 BC). Necho undertook a number of construction projects across his kingdom. In his reign, according to the Greek historian Herodotus (4.42), Necho II sent out an expedition of Phoenicians, which in three years sailed from the Red Sea around Africa to the mouth of the Nile. His son, Psammetichus II, upon succession may have removed Necho's name from monuments.
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Ptolemaic dynasty The Ptolemaic dynasty (Ancient Greek: Πτολεμαῖοι , "Ptolemaioi"), sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagidae (Ancient Greek: Λαγίδαι , "Lagidai", after Lagus, Ptolemy I's father), was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC. They were the last dynasty of ancient Egypt.
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Alexander of Phocis Alexander (Gr. Ἀλέξανδρος ) was appointed governor of Phocis by Philip V of Macedon. The Phocian town of Panopeus was commanded by Jason, to whom he had entrusted this post. In concert with him he invited the Aetolians to come and take possession of the town, promising that it should be opened and surrendered to them. The Aetolians, under the comnmand of Aegetas, accordingly entered the town at night; and when their best men were within the walls, they were made prisoners by Alexander and his associate. This happened in 217 BC.
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Pope Timothy II of Alexandria Pope Timothy II of Alexandria (died 477), also known as "Αἴλουρος/Aelurus" (from Greek "cat" because of his small build or in this case probably "weasel"), succeeded twice in supplanting the Chalcedonian Patriarch of Alexandria.
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Hellenistic armies The Hellenistic armies is the term applied to the armies of the successor kingdoms of the Hellenistic period, which emerged after the death of Alexander the Great. After his death, Alexander's huge empire was torn between his successors, the Diadochi (Greek: Διάδοχοι ). During the Wars of the Diadochi, the Macedonian army, as developed by Alexander and Philip II, gradually adopted new units and tactics, further developing Macedonian warfare and improving on the tactics used in the Classical era. The armies of the Diadochi bear few differences from that of Alexander, but during the era of the Epigonoi (Ἐπίγονοι, "Successors"), the differences were obvious, favoring numbers over quality and weight over maneuverability. The limited availability of Greek conscripts in the east led to an increasing dependence on mercenary forces, whereas in the west, Hellenistic armies were continuously involved in wars, which soon exhausted local manpower, paving the way for Roman supremacy. The major Hellenistic states were the Seleucid Empire, Ptolemaic Egypt and the Antigonid kingdom (Macedonia). Smaller states included: Attalid Pergamum, Pontus, Epirus, the Achaean League, the Aetolian League, Syracuse, and other states (like Athens, Sparta etc.).
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Phoenix of Tenedos Phoenix (in Greek Φoινιξ; lived 4th century BC) was a native of Tenedos, who held a high rank in the army of Eumenes, 321 BC. In the great battle fought by the latter against Craterus and Neoptolemus, the command of the left wing, which was opposed to Craterus, was entrusted to Phoenix and Pharnabazus, and composed principally of Asiatic troops; Eumenes being apprehensive of opposing any Macedonians to a general so popular with his countrymen. As soon as they came in sight of the enemy the two commanders charged the army of Craterus, which was unable to withstand the shock, and the aged general himself perished in the confusion. Shortly after we find Phoenix despatched by Eumenes with a select force against his revolted general Perdiccas, whom he surprised by a rapid night march, and took him prisoner almost without opposition. After the fall of Eumenes (316 BC) Phoenix appears to have entered the service of Antigonus, but in 310 BC he was persuaded by Ptolemy (the nephew and general of Antigonus), to whom he was attached by the closest friendship, to join the latter in his defection from Antigonus. Phoenix at this time held the important command of the Hellespontine Phrygia, on which account Antigonus hastened to send an army against him under the command of his younger son Philip. The result of the operations is not mentioned; but Phoenix seems to have been not only pardoned by Antigonus, but received again into favour: and in the campaign which preceded the battle of Ipsus (302 BC), we find him holding the command of Sardis, which he was, however, induced to surrender to Prepelaus, the general of Lysimachus. This is the last time his name is mentioned.
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Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra) Ptolemy Philadelphus (Greek: Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Φιλάδελφος , "Ptolemy the brother-loving", August/September 36 BC – 29 BC) was a Ptolemaic prince and was the youngest and fourth child of Greek Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt, and her third with Roman Triumvir Mark Antony.
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Epaphus In Greek mythology, Epaphus ( ; Ancient Greek: Ἔπᾰφος ), also called Apis, was a king of Egypt.
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Obelisk of Theodosius The Obelisk of Theodosius (Turkish: "Dikilitaş" ) is the Ancient Egyptian obelisk of Pharaoh Thutmose III re-erected in the Hippodrome of Constantinople (known today as "At Meydanı" or "Sultanahmet Meydanı", in the modern city of Istanbul, Turkey) by the Roman emperor Theodosius I in the 4th century AD.
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Philo Philo of Alexandria ( ; Greek: Φίλων , "Philōn"; Hebrew: ידידיה הכהן‎ ‎ , "Yedidia (Jedediah) HaCohen"; c. 20 BCE – c. 50 CE), also called Philo Judaeus, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.
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Ptolemy Keraunos Ptolemy Keraunos (Greek: , after 321 BC – 279 BC) was the King of Macedon from 281 BC to 279 BC. His epithet "Keraunos" is Greek for "Thunder" or "Thunderbolt".
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Alexander of Abonoteichus Alexander of Abonoteichus (Ancient Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Ἀβωνοτειχίτης "Aléxandros o Avonotichítis"), also called Alexander the Paphlagonian (  105 – c. 170 CE), was a Greek mystic and oracle, and the founder of the Glycon cult that briefly achieved wide popularity in the Roman world. The contemporary writer Lucian reports that he was an utter fraud – the god Glycon was supposedly constructed out of a glove puppet. The vivid narrative of his career given by Lucian might be taken as fictitious but for the corroboration of certain coins of the emperors Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius and of a statue of Alexander, said by Athenagoras to have stood in the forum of Parium.