What Persian general took advantage of Nasr ibn Sayyar being preoccupied with a civil war?
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Nasr ibn Sayyar Naṣr ibn Sayyār al-Lāythi al-Kināni (Arabic: نصر بن سيار الليثي الكناني‎ ‎ ; 663–748) was an Arab general and the last Umayyad governor of Khurasan in 738–748. Nasr played a distinguished role in the wars against the Turgesh, although he failed to decisively confront the rebellion of al-Harith ibn Surayj in its early stages. Although respected as a soldier and a statesman, he owed his appointment as governor more to his obscure tribal background, which rendered him dependent on the Caliph. His tenure was nevertheless successful, as Nasr introduced long-overdue tax reforms that alleviated social tension and largely restored stabilized Umayyad control in Transoxiana, which had been greatly reduced under the Turgesh onslaught. His last years were occupied by intertribal rivalries and uprisings, however, as the Caliphate itself descended into a period of civil war. In 746 Nasr was driven from his capital by Ibn Surayj and Juday' al-Kirmani, but returned after the latter fell out among themselves, resulting in Ibn Surayj's death. Preoccupied with this conflict, Nasr was unable to stop the outbreak and spread of the Abbasid Revolution, whose leader, Abu Muslim, exploited the situation to his advantage. Evicted from his province in early 748, he fled to Iran pursued by the Abbasid forces, where he died on 9 December 748.
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Abu Muslim Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khorasani or al-Khurasani (Arabic: أبو مسلم عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الخراساني‎ ‎ born 718-19 or 723-27, died in 755), born Vehzādān Pūr-i Vandād Hormoz (Persian: وهزادان پور ونداد هرمزد‎ ‎ ), was a Persian general in service of the Abbasid dynasty, who led the Abbasid Revolution that toppled the Umayyad dynasty.
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Operation Nasr Operation Nasr, fought in early January 1981, was a major battle of the Iran–Iraq War. It was the biggest tank battle of the Iran–Iraq War.
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Shahriyar III Shahriyar III (Persian: شهریار), was the sixteenth ruler of the Bavand dynasty from 986 to 987, and briefly in 998 after a short disruption during his reign. He was the nephew and successor of Sharwin III.
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Baha al-Din Sam I Baha al-Din Sam I (Persian: بهاء الدین سام), was the king of the Ghurid dynasty who reigned briefly in 1149. He was the brother and successor of Sayf al-Din Suri.
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Gazi Beg Gazi Beg, 38th Shirvanshah, succeeded his brother in 1501. His entire reign was during a 6 month siege of Baku by the Safavid Shah Ismail I. He was a weak ruler, who ruled briefly only Baku, Salyan and Mahmudabad. Although he resisted the Safavid siege for 6 months, he executed envoys of Ismail and a "dargha" who advised to him to make peace. He was forced to give up city after the Storming of Baku by the Safavid army. He was killed by his son, Sultan Mahmud, in the same year.
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Tahmasp's campaign of 1731 The campaign of 1731 was a failed attempt by Tahmasp II of the Safavid dynasty to launch an offensive into Ottoman held Caucasus which ended in a disastrous defeat with all of Nader's gains during the previous year being lost. The result of this particular military catastrophe was still overturned with Nader's return from the east but would have much more significant impact on the Safavid dynasty itself as Tahmasp II sealed his own fate by initiating this ill fated expedition.
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Khalid ibn Urfuta Khalid ibn Urfuta was a military leader in the early Islamic conquest of Persia. He captured Valashabad, Weh Antiok Khusrau ("al-Rumiyya") and Veh-Ardashir for the Rashidun Caliphate.
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Pei Xingjian Pei Xingjian, courtesy name Shouyue was a Tang dynasty general and politician. He was best known for his victory over the Khan of Western Turkic Khaganate Ashina Duzhi. He was also responsible for escorting the Sasanian Persian king-in-exile Narsieh to Persia which was occupied by Arab conquerors. He dedicated most of his life to dealing with Turkic tribes in the Anxi Protectorate.
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Nizam al-Mulk Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 – October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam al-Mulk (Persian: نظام‌الملک‎ ‎ , "Order of the Realm" ) was a Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire. He held near absolute power for 20 years after the assassination of Alp Arslan in 1072. One of his most important legacies was founding madrasas in cities throughout the Seljuk Empire. These were called "nezamiyehs" after him. He wrote "Siyasatnama" (""Book of Government""), a political treatise that uses historical examples to discuss justice, effective rule, and the role of government in Islamic society.
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Shapur I Shapur I (Middle Persian: 𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩 ; <a href="New%20Persian">New Persianاپور ), also known as Shapur I the Great, was the second "<a href="shahanshah">shahanshah</a>" (king of kings) of the <a href="Sasanian%20Empire">Sasanian Empire</a>. The dates of his reign are commonly given as 240/42 – 270/72, but it is likely that he also reigned as co-regent (together with his father) prior to his father's death in 242 (more probably than 240).
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Abu'l-Asha'ir Ahmad ibn Nasr Abu'l-Asha'ir Ahmad ibn Nasr was a military commander for the Abbasid Caliphate and the governor of Tarsus from March 903 to August 905.
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Darius I Darius I (Old Persian: "Dārayava(h)uš", New Persian: داریوش "Dāryuš" ; c. 550–486 BCE) was the third king of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. Also called Darius the Great, he ruled the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, the Caucasus, parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia and Paeonia), most of the Black Sea coastal regions, parts of the North Caucasus, Central Asia, as far as the Indus Valley in the far east, and portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt (Mudrâya), eastern Libya and coastal Sudan.
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Sayyed Ahmad Khan Barha Ahmad Khan Barha was a powerful general in King Akbar's army during the 16th century.
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Hormuzan Hormuzan (Middle Persian: Hormazdān, New Persian: هرمزان ) was an Iranian aristocrat who served as the governor of Khuzestan, and was one of the Sasanian military officers at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah. He was later taken prisoner by the Muslims after the fall of Shushtar in 642. Two years later, he was accused of the assassination of the Rashidun caliph Umar, and was killed by 'Ubaid-Allah, the deceased caliph's son.
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Battle of Khazir The Battle of Khazir (/ALA-LC: "Yawm Khāzir") took place in August 686 near the Khazir River in Mosul's eastern environs, in modern-day Iraq. The battle occurred during the Second Muslim Civil War and was part of the larger struggle for control of Iraq between the Syria-based Umayyad Caliphate, the pro-Alid forces of al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi and the Medina-based caliphate of Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr. It ended in a rout for the Umayyads and the expansion of al-Mukhtar's rule into the region of Mosul.
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Battle of Samarra (1733) The Battle of Samarra was the key engagement between the two great generals Nader & Topal Osman, which led to the siege of Baghdad being lifted, keeping Ottoman Iraq under Istanbul's control. The armed contest between the two colossi was very hard fought with a total of roughly 50,000 men becoming casualties by the end of the fighting that left the Persians decimated and the Ottoman victors badly shaken. Other than its importance in deciding the fate of Baghdad, the battle is also significant as Nader's only battlefield defeat although he would avenge this humiliation at the hands of Topal Pasha at the battle of Agh-Darband where Topal was killed.
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Abbasid civil war (865–866) The Abbasid civil war of 865–866, sometimes known as the Fifth Fitna, was an armed conflict during the "Anarchy at Samarra" between the rival caliphs al-Musta'in and al-Mu'tazz, fought to determine who would gain control over the Abbasid Caliphate. The war, which lasted for about a year, largely revolved around a prolonged siege of Baghdad and ended with al-Mu'tazz as sole caliph. Al-Musta'in was abandoned by his supporters and forced to abdicate; in spite of a guarantee that his life would be spared, he was executed shortly afterward.
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Abyssinian–Persian wars In the late sixth century, Sassanid Empire of Persia and the Ethiopia-based Aksumite Empire fought a series of wars over control of the Himyarite Kingdom in Yemen, Southern Arabia. After the Battle of Hadhramaut and the Siege of Sana'a in 570, the Aksumites were expelled from the Arabian peninsula. They had re-established their power there by 575 or 578, when another Persian army invaded Yemen and re-established the deposed king on his throne as their client. It marked the end of Ethiopian rule in Arabia.
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Day of Thirst The "Day of Thirst" (Arabic: ﻳﻮﻢ ﺍلعطش‎ ‎ , "Yawm al-aṭash") is the name traditionally given in Arabic historiography to a battle fought in 724 between the Turkic Turgesh khaganate and the Umayyad Caliphate on the banks of the river Jaxartes, in Transoxiana (in modern Tajikistan, Central Asia). The Umayyad army, under Muslim ibn Sa'id al-Kilabi, was campaigning in the Ferghana Valley when it learned of the Turgesh advance. Immediately, the Arabs began a hasty retreat to the Jaxartes, pursued and harassed by the Turgesh cavalry. Finally, after 11 days, the Umayyad army reached the Jaxartes, where it was caught between the Turgesh and the forces of the native Transoxianian principalities. Nevertheless, the Arabs managed to break through and cross the river to Khujand. The Umayyad defeat led to the collapse of Muslim rule over much of the region, which until ca. 740 remained disputed territory, with both the Arabs and the Turgesh fighting for control over it.
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Russo-Persian War (1651–53) The Russo-Persian War of 1651–53 was an armed conflict in the North Caucasus fought between the Safavid Empire and the Tsardom of Russia, associated with the Safavid plans to strengthen its position in the region and to exclude Russia. The main issue involved the expansion of a Russian garrison on the Koy Su River, as well as the construction of several new fortresses, in particular the one built on the Iranian side of the Terek River. The Safavid government then sent troops, and destroyed the fortress while expelling its Russian garrison. In 1653 Alexis of Russia and the Russian government, which thought about sending the Russian Zaporozhian Army, but did not want to disperse its forces, sent an embassy to Persia for a peaceful settlement of the conflict. Shah Abbas II agreed, stating that the conflict was initiated without his consent.
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Muhammad bin Nasir Muhammad bin Nasir al-Ghafiri (died 1728) was one of the rival Imams during the civil wars in Oman in the final years of the Yaruba dynasty.