What was a mountain building period that ended 440 million years ago, that durring this time a unit of interbedded greywackes and shales that outcrops in eastern New York State were deposited in a deep marine setting in a foreland basin during this time?
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Austin Glen Member The Austin Glen Member of the Normanskill Formation is an upper Middle Ordovician unit of interbedded greywackes and shales that outcrops in eastern New York State. It was deposited in a deep marine setting in a foreland basin during the Taconic orogeny. Its sediment source was mainly the erosion of preexisting sedimentary rocks. Graptolite fossils place it in the stratigraphic zones of "Nematograptus gracilis" and "Climacograptus bicornis", but its age could be Llandeilo or Trentonian (earliest to latest Darriwilian,  465 ).
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Taconic orogeny The Taconic orogeny was a mountain building period that ended 440 million years ago and affected most of modern-day New England. A great mountain chain formed from eastern Canada down through what is now the Piedmont off the East coast of the United States. As the mountain chain eroded in the Silurian and Devonian periods, sediments from the mountain chain spread throughout the present-day Appalachians and midcontinental North America.
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Allegheny Formation The Pennsylvanian Allegheny Formation is a mapped bedrock unit in western and central Pennsylvania, western Maryland and West Virginia, and southeastern Ohio. It is a major coal-bearing unit in the Appalachian Plateau of the eastern United States.
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Schoharie Grit The Schoharie Grit is a geologic formation in New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
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Longmyndian Supergroup The Longmyndian Supergroup is a 6000 m sequence of Late Precambrian rocks that outcrop between the Pontesford–Linley Fault System and the Church Stretton Fault System in the Welsh Borderland Fault System. The supergroup consists of two major geological groups, the Stretton Group and the overlying Wentnor Group. The rocks are a generally regressive sequence from basinal facies to clastic sedimentation. The rocks are thought to be derived from Uriconian mountains that were formed during the southward subduction of an oceanic plate beneath a continental block (ocean closure). The rocks have since been folded due to fault movements and plunge gently to the south.
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Bearpaw Formation The Bearpaw Formation, also called the Bearpaw Shale, is a geologic formation of Late Cretaceous (Campanian) age. It outcrops in the U.S. state of Montana, as well as the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, and was named for the Bear Paw Mountains in Montana. It includes a wide range of marine fossils, as well as the remains of a few dinosaurs. It is known for its fossil ammonites, some of which are mined in Alberta to produce the organic gemstone ammolite.
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Sherburne Formation The Sherburne Formation is a geologic formation in New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
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Presumpscot Formation The Presumpscot formation is a late Pleistocene glacial deposit of predominantly submarine clays, located along the Maine and New Hampshire coast and inland along their major river valleys. It consists of primarily silt- and clay-sized particles formed from the glacial abrasion of the feldspars, quartz, and micas of the region, carried by glacial meltwater and deposited below sea level before subsequent crust rising (isostatic rebound) elevated the deposits up to more than 300 ft . It is named after the Presumpscot River where large amounts of the characteristic blue-gray clay are found.
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Sonoma orogeny The Sonoma orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America. The exact age and structure of the Sonoma orogeny is controversial. The orogeny is generally thought to have occurred during the Permian / Triassic transition, around 250 million years ago, following the Late Devonian Antler orogeny. The Sonoma orogeny was one of a sequence of accretionary events along the Cordilleran margin, possibly caused by the closure of the basin between the island arc of Sonomia and the North American continent. Evidence of this event has been reported throughout western North America, but most distinctly in northwest Nevada.
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York River Formation The York River Formation is a geologic formation in Quebec. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
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Upper Elliot Formation The upper Elliot Formation is a stratigraphic unit dating to roughly between 200 and 190 million years ago and covering the Hettangian to Sinemurian stages. It is the upper portion of the Elliot Formation. The upper Elliot Formation is found in South Africa and Lesotho and is a component of the Stormberg Group within the Karoo Supergroup. It consists mainly of limestone, sandstone, and mudstone. Fossils of the prosauropod dinosaur "Massospondylus" have been recovered from the upper Elliot.
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Ellicott Formation The Ellicott Formation is a geologic formation in New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
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Kittatinny Mountain Kittatinny Mountain (Lenape: Kitahtëne) is a long ridge traversing across northwestern New Jersey running in a northeast-southwest axis, a continuation across the Delaware Water Gap of Pennsylvania's Blue Mountain Ridge (also known as Kittatinny Ridge). It is the first major ridge in the far northeastern extension of the Ridge and Valley province of the Appalachian Mountains, and reaches its highest elevation (the state's highest), 1,803 feet, at High Point in Montague Township. Kittatinny Mountain forms the eastern side of Wallpack Valley; the western side comprises the Wallpack Ridge (highest elevation: 928 ft above sea level.
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Acadian orogeny The Acadian orogeny is a long-lasting mountain building event which began in the Middle Devonian, reaching a climax in the early Late Devonian. It was active for approximately 50 million years, beginning roughly around 375 million years ago, with deformational, plutonic, and metamorphic events extending into the Early Mississippian. The Acadian orogeny is the third of the four orogenies that created the Appalachian orogen and subsequent basin. The preceding orogenies consisted of the Potomac and Taconic orogeny, which followed a rift/drift stage in the Late Neoproterozoic. The Acadian orogeny involved the collision of a series of Avalonian continental fragments with the Laurasian continent. Geographically, the Acadian orogen extended from the Canadian Maritime provinces migrating in a southwesterly direction toward Alabama. However, the Northern Appalachian region, from New England northeastward into Gaspé region of Canada, was the most greatly affected region by the collision.
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Rhinestreet Shale The Rhinestreet Shale is a geologic formation in New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
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Utica Shale The Utica Shale is a stratigraphical unit of Middle Ordovician age in the Appalachian Basin. It
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South German Jurassic The term South German Jurassic (German: "Süddeutscher Jura" ) in earth history is used to refer to a lithostratigraphic rock unit at the hierarchical level of a super group. The rocks of the South German Jurassic were mainly deposited during the Jurassic period about 199 to 146 million years ago. The boundaries of the South German Jurassic and those of the chronostratigraphic or international Jurassic are not, however, exactly coincident. The depositions began rather later than the date of the international Triassic/Jurassic boundary and end as a result of erosion of the uppermost strata at various times during the Upper Jurassic, i.e. well before the international Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. The rock unit of the South German Jurassic is underlain by Keuper; in between is a small stratigraphic hiatus. Above the South German Jurassic the beds follow discordantly and with a large stratigraphic gap; in addition, Regensburg Green Sandstone occurs very locally, which is dated to the Cenomanian stage of the Cretaceous period. In its southern fringes the South German Jurassic dives under the Palaeogene Molasse depositions of the basement.
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Dunkirk Formation The Dunkirk Formation is a geologic formation in New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
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Bearfort Mountain Bearfort Mountain is a mountain ridge located near Wawayanda State Park in Passaic County, New Jersey. It is a continuation of Bellvale Mountain in New York. The Appalachian Trail crosses along the ridge into New York. Puddingstone of the Skunnemunk Conglomerate is visible along the ridge.
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Bear Pond Mountains The Bear Pond Mountains are a sub-range in the Appalachian Mountains, that straddle Pennsylvania and Maryland in the United States. These mountains are a part of the Ridge and Valley Appalachians and reach their highest point at Cross Mountain (Pennsylvania) 2062 ft . A unique geologic feature known as the "Punchbowl" occurs in this range. This feature was created by the weathered shales of the Ordovician age in the center of a south-plunging anticline, having been eroded to expose a large amphitheater like feature (punchbowl). Cross and Hearthstone Mountain are made of hard resistant quartzite of the Tuscarora Formation of the Silurian age, which form the walls of the bowl.
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Alfred Shale The Alfred Shale is a geologic formation at Alfred Station, New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period.
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Guelph Formation The Guelph Formation is a geologic formation in New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.