Which pepper was a major source of the salmonella outbreak in 2008 and comes from the Capsicum annuum species?
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2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak The 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak was an outbreak of salmonellosis across multiple U.S. states due to "Salmonella enterica" serovar Saintpaul. Over the course of the outbreak, 1442 cases were identified across 43 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and Canada. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigation determined that jalapeño peppers imported from Mexico as well as Serrano peppers were major sources of the outbreak. Tomatoes may have been a source as well. The outbreak lasted from April to August, 2008.
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Jalapeño The jalapeño ( , , , ] ) is a medium-sized chili pepper pod type cultivar of the species "Capsicum annuum". A mature jalapeño fruit is 5 - long and hangs down with a round, firm, smooth flesh of 25 - wide. Depending on cultivar, it can have a wide range of pungency, with Scoville heat units of a few thousand to as high as 462,884 (Chiltepín cultivar). Commonly picked and consumed while still green, it is occasionally allowed to fully ripen and turn red, orange, or yellow. It is wider and generally milder than the similar Serrano pepper. The Chile Pepper Institute is known for developing colored variations.
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Cardiff Crack Cardiff Crack is a local slang term for a Burgundy Pepper Tri Tip offered by Seaside Market in Cardiff by the Sea, California, USA. It is a USDA Choice tri tip that is trimmed, marinated, and infused with a one-of-a-kind Burgundy Pepper marinade, which, through a secret process, permeates the beef
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Cubanelle The Cubanelle, also known as "Cuban pepper" and "Italian frying pepper", is a variety of sweet pepper of the species "Capsicum annuum". When unripe, it is light yellowish-green in color, but will turn bright red if allowed to ripen. Compared to bell peppers it has thinner flesh, is longer, and has a slightly more wrinkled appearance. It is used extensively in the cuisine of Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Italy where it is known as an Italian frying pepper.
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Kihara Institute for Biological Research The Kihara Institute for Biological Research (横浜市立大学木原生物学研究所 , Yokohama Shiritsu Daigaku Kihara Seibutsugaku Kenkyūjo ) (KIBR) is an ancillary establishment of Yokohama City University in Yokohama, Japan. The KIBR was founded in 1942 by Hitoshi Kihara to promote biological research in Japan. The Institute maintains a store of genetic resources - about 6,000 varieties of wheat and 800 of capsicum (chili peppers).
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Hulatang Hulatang is a kind of Chinese traditional soup created in Henan Province but became popularised in the cuisine of Shaanxi Province. Chinese immigrants have introduced it to the United States, where it is known as "spicy soup". It can be divided into two different versions: Xiaoyao Town version (from a town near Zhoukou City) and "Beiwudu" version. As its name literally the characters 'pepper' + 'capsicum/chilli' + 'soup' implies, capsicum and black pepper are put into the broth made by beef soup.
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Muhammara Muhammara (Arabic: محمرة‎ ‎ "reddened") or mhammara is a hot pepper dip originally from Aleppo, Syria, found in Levantine and Turkish cuisines. In western Turkey, muhammara is referred to as "acuka".
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Sarocladium oryzae Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) is a plant pathogen causing the sheath rot disease of rice. In culture it produces 0.3–0.627 micrograms of helvolic acid and 0.9–4.8 micrograms of cerulenin per milliliter of culture medium. The level of helvolic acid correlated with a higher incidence of sheath rot disease. Rice grains from infected plants were found to contain 2.2 micrograms helvolic acid and 1.75 micrograms of cerulein per gram of infected seeds, which induce chlorosis and reduce the seed viability and seedling health. "S. oryzae" has also been known as "Acrocylindrium oryzae" (Sawada). For forty years prior to 2005, a common industrial fungal strain used to manufacture cerulenin was known under the invalidly published designation ""Cephalosporium caerulens"", but an isolate of the original "C. caerulens" strain KF-140 was subsequently shown to be conspecific with "S. oryzae".
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Peppe Terra Peppe Terra is a brand of a ready-to-cook blend of tomatoes, red peppers and onions. It was launched in Nigeria in December 2010 by Tropical General Investment (TGI Nigeria Ltd). Peppe Terra contains lycopene. It is packaged and sold in 70g tetra paks as well as 70g, 210g, 400g, 800g, and 2.2 kg tins. It is marketed towards youths, housewives, and career women.Ingredients are natural & mostly procured locally, under stringent quality controls. However, given supply of these key ingredients are often subject to seasonality, in case of scarcity in local markets – some importation is also undertaken. The manufacturing unit is located at 14,Chivita Avenue, Ajao Estate. Lagos, Nigeria.
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Kōrēgusu Kōrēgusu (Japanese: コーレーグス from Okinawan: 高麗胡椒 こーれーぐす "kooreegusu", a type of hot chilli pepper) also called "kōrēgūsu" (コーレーグース ) and "kōrēgusū" (コーレーグスー ) is a type of Okinawan hot sauce made of chillis infused in awamori rice spirit and is a popular condiment to Okinawan dishes such as Okinawa soba.
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Shishito Shishito pepper (獅子唐辛子 , "Shishitōgarashi" ) is a sweet, East Asian variety of the species "Capsicum annuum". It is known as kkwari-gochu (꽈리고추 ; "groundcherry pepper") in Korea due to its wrinkled surface resembling groundcherries.
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Cercospora capsici Cercospora capsici is a fungal plant pathogen that causes leaf spot, known as frogeye spot, on peppers.
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Isorhamnetin Isorhamnetin is an O-methylated flavon-ol from the class of flavonoids. A common food source of this 3'-methoxylated derivative of quercetin and its glucoside conjugates are pungent yellow or red onions, in which it is a minor pigment, quercetin-3,4'-diglucoside and quercetin-4'-glucoside and the aglucon quercetin being the major pigments. An other source is the spice, herbal medicinal and psychedelic Mexican terragon "(Tagetes lucida)", which is described as accumulating isorhamnetin and its 7-O-glucoside derivate.
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Steak au poivre Steak au poivre (] , Quebec French pronunciation : ] ) or pepper steak is a French dish that consists of a steak, traditionally a filet mignon, coated with loosely cracked peppercorns and then cooked. The peppercorns form a crust on the steak when cooked and provide a pungent but complementary counterpoint to the rich flavor of the high-quality beef.
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Scirtothrips dorsalis The chilli thrips or yellow tea thrips, "Scirtothrips dorsalis" Hood, is an extremely successful invasive species of pest-thrips which has expanded rapidly from Asia over the last twenty years, and is gradually achieving a global distribution. It has most recently been reported in St. Vincent (2004) Florida (2005), Texas (2006), and Puerto Rico (2007). It is a pest of economic significance with a broad host range, with prominent pest reports on crops including pepper, mango, citrus, strawberry, grapes, cotton, tea, peanuts, blueberry, and roses. Chilli thrips appear to feed preferentially on new growth, and infested plants usually develop characteristic wrinkled leaves, with distinctive brown scarring along the veins of leaves, the buds of flowers, and the calyx of fruit. Feeding damage can reduce the sale value of crops produced, and in sufficient numbers, kill plants already aggravated by environmental stress. This thrips has also been implicated in the transmission of three tospoviruses, but there is some controversy over its efficiency as a vector.
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Pepperidge Farm Pepperidge Farm is an American commercial bakery founded in 1937 by Margaret Rudkin, who named the brand after her family's property in Fairfield, Connecticut, which in turn was named for the pepperidge tree, "Nyssa sylvatica". A subsidiary of the Campbell Soup Company, it is based in Norwalk, Connecticut.
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Vine sweet mini peppers Vine sweet mini peppers are a hybrid sweet pepper, small in size sold in an assorted tri-color pack under the Master's Touch Label. It was originally developed in the late 1990s by Bionova Produce Inc. formerly "R.B. Packing Inc." following the trend to go "mini" that continues to grab attention in the produce arena. Genetic research and actual work was done by DNA Plant Technology, formerly a subsidiary of Savia Holding Company, also the holding company for Bionova Produce Inc.
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Helianthus annuus Helianthus annuus, the common sunflower, is a large annual forb of the genus "Helianthus" grown as a crop for its edible oil and edible fruits (sunflower seeds). This sunflower species is also used as bird food, as livestock forage (as a meal or a silage plant), and in some industrial applications. The plant was first domesticated in the Americas. Wild "Helianthus annuus" is a widely branched annual plant with many flower heads. The domestic sunflower, however, often possesses only a single large inflorescence (flower head) atop an unbranched stem. The name "sunflower" may derive from the flower's head's shape, which resembles the sun, or from the impression that the blooming plant appears to slowly turn its flower towards the sun as the latter moves across the sky on a daily basis.
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Bajan pepper sauce Bajan pepper sauce is a Barbadian-style hot sauce condiment made from hot peppers. It is similar to Cajun-style hot sauce and is traditionally applied in local Barbadian cuisine including meat, poultry, and fish.
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Amanita onusta Amanita onusta, commonly known as the loaded Lepidella or the gunpowder Lepidella, is a species of fungus in the Amanitaceae family of mushrooms. It is characterized by its small to medium-sized fruit bodies that have white to pale gray caps crowded with roughly conical, pyramidal, or irregular gray warts. The stipe is whitish-gray with woolly or wart-like veil remnants, and at the base is a spindle- or turnip-shaped base that is rooted somewhat deeply in the soil. The species is distributed in eastern North America, from Nova Scotia to Mexico, and may be found growing on the ground in deciduous forests, particularly those with oak, hickory and chestnut. Fruit bodies smell somewhat like bleaching powder, and their edibility is unknown, but possibly toxic.
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Lepidium banksii Lepidium banksii, known as coastal peppercress, is a rare species of flowering plant from the Brassicaceae family. It is endemic to New Zealand, formerly found around the coast of the northern South Island but now critically endangered.
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Hypomyces lactifluorum The Lobster mushroom, Hypomyces lactifluorum, contrary to its common name, is not a mushroom, but rather a parasitic ascomycete fungus that grows on certain species of mushrooms, turning them a reddish orange color that resembles the outer shell of a cooked lobster. "H. lactifluorum" specifically attacks members of the genera "Lactarius" and "Lactifluus" (milk-caps), and "Russula" (brittlegills), such as "Russula brevipes" and "Lactifluus piperatus" in North America. At maturity, "H. lactifluorum" thoroughly covers its host, rendering it unidentifiable. Lobster mushrooms are widely eaten and enjoyed; they are commercially marketed and are commonly found in some large grocery stores. They have a seafood-like flavor and a firm, dense texture.