What is the name of the nomadic invaders from 1800 BC to 1100 BC whose uprising was stroke down by the King of Gath?
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Amarna letter EA 366 Amarna letter EA 366 is from the king of Gath to the king of Egypt. The letter reports of the king having smote down the uprising of the Habiru.
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Habiru Habiru or Apiru (Egyptian: "ˁpr.w") was the name given by various Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittite, Mitanni, and Ugaritic sources (dated, roughly, between 1800 BC and 1100 BC) to a group of people living as nomadic invaders in areas of the Fertile Crescent from Northeastern Mesopotamia and Iran to the borders of Egypt in Canaan. Depending on the source and epoch, these Habiru are variously described as nomadic or semi-nomadic, rebels, outlaws, raiders, mercenaries, and bowmen, servants, slaves, migrant laborers, etc. Some scholars identify them with the early Hebrews although this is disputed.
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Onogurs The Onoğurs or Oğurs (Όνόγουροι, Οὒρωγοι; Onογurs, Ογurs; "ten tribes", "tribes"), were Turkic nomadic equestrians who flourished in the Pontic-Caspian steppe and the Volga region between 5th and 7th century, and spoke Oğhuric language.
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Alexander I of Scotland Alexander I (medieval Gaelic: "Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim"; modern Gaelic: "Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim"; c. 1078 – 23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed The Fierce, was the King of Scotland from 1107 to his death.
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Nomadic empire Nomadic empires, sometimes also called steppe empires, Central or Inner Asian empires, are the empires erected by the bow-wielding, horse-riding, nomadic peoples in the Eurasian steppe, from classical antiquity (Scythia) to the early modern era (Dzungars). They are the most prominent example of non-sedentary polities.
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Malcolm III of Scotland Malcolm III (Gaelic: "Máel Coluim"; c. 26 March 1031 – 13 November 1093) was King of Scots from 1058 to 1093. He was later nicknamed "Canmore" ("ceann mòr", Gaelic for "Great Chief": "ceann" denotes "leader", "head" (of state) and "mòr" denotes "pre-eminent", "great", and "big"). Malcolm's long reign of 35 years preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age.
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Orkneyinga saga The Orkneyinga saga (also called the History of the Earls of Orkney) is an historical narrative of the history of the Orkney Islands, from their capture by the Norwegian king in the ninth century onwards until about 1200. The saga has "no parallel in the social and literary record of Scotland".
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Ingvar the Far-Travelled Ingvar the Far-Travelled (Old Norse: "Yngvarr víðförli", Swedish: "Ingvar Vittfarne") led an unsuccessful large Viking attack against Persia in 1036–1042. His inscriptions claim that he launched expeditions against the barbarians Saracens and further tried to reach the East, the Greater India to establish trade links.
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Uxii The Uxii were a tribal confederation of non-Iranian semi-nomadic people who lived somewhere in the Zagros Mountains. They were classified by Nearchus as among the four predatory peoples of the southwest along with the Mardi, Sousii, and Elymaei. They raided the settled people of Iran and raised sheep. The Uxii also tolled passing armies until they were defeated by Alexander the Great at the Battle of the Uxian Defile. After some time, the Uxians regained independence. Some think that the tolling was a gift tradition from the Persian kings to local tribes, and wasn't forced (especially as the need for Darius to go out of his way to pay the "toll". Greek authors may have misinterpreted the practice or spun it to make Darius look weak. Achaemenid policy on people such as the Uxii involved gift giving and condensing tribal confederations together and then setting up a loyal ruler for that tribe.
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Kalayavana Kālayāvana (Sanskrit: कालयावन, lit. "black Greek/Yona") was a king who invaded Mathura with an army of thirty million yavanas against Krishna.
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Érimón Érimón, (modern spelling: Éiremhón) son of Míl Espáine (and great-grandson of Breoghan, king of Celtic Galicia), according to medieval Irish legends and historical traditions, was one of the chieftains who took part in the Milesian invasion of Ireland, which conquered the island from the Tuatha Dé Danann, and one of the first Milesian High Kings.
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Caucones The Caucones (Greek: Καύκωνες , "Kaukones") were an autochthonous tribe of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) whose migrations brought them to the western Greek mainland in Arkadia, Triphylian Pylos, and north into Elis. Their etymology suggests strong affinities with the Caucasos Mountains originally. Russian KAVKAZ for Caucasus is attached to the two mountain ranges that serve as a ‘spine’ or backbone between the northern and southern regions dividing Europe from Asia. Kaz-Kaz people known from the written Hittite tablets, indeed, lived along the southern shore of the Black Sea, exactly where the Homeric "Iliad" placed the Kaukônes.1 According to Herodotus and other classical writers, they were displaced or absorbed by the immigrant Bithynians, who were a group of clans from Thrace that spoke an Indo-European language. Thracian Bithynians also expelled or subdued the Mysians, and some minor tribes, the Mariandyni alone maintaining themselves in cultural independence, in the northeast of what became Bithynia. Strabo (12.3.3) acknowledges that in earlier times Bithynians were called Mysians who, in turn, Herodotus (7.20, 75) says alongside Teucrians were invaders of northern Greece (Thessaly) before the Trojan War.
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Eochaid Ailtlethan Eochaid (or Eochu) Ailtlethan ("broad blade"), son of Ailill Caisfiaclach, was, according to medieval Irish legends and historical traditions, a High King of Ireland. According to the "Lebor Gabála Érenn", he took the throne after overthrowing and killing the previous incumbent, Adamair, and ruled for eleven years, until he was killed in battle by Fergus Fortamail. The "Lebor Gabála Érenn" synchronises his reign with that of Ptolemy V Epiphanes in Egypt (204–181 BC). The chronology of Geoffrey Keating's "Foras Feasa ar Éirinn" dates his reign to 285–274 BC, that of the "Annals of the Four Masters" (which gives him a reign of seventeen years) to 414–396 BC.
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Fíachu Tolgrach Fíachu Tolgrach, son of Muiredach Bolgrach, was a legendary High King of Ireland, according to some medieval and early modern Irish sources. In the "Lebor Gabála Érenn" he is not a High King: he kills the former High King Art mac Lugdach, but during the reign of Art's son Ailill Finn he is killed in battle against Airgetmar. His son Dui Ladrach later becomes High King. However, in Geoffrey Keating's "Foras Feasa ar Éirinn" and the "Annals of the Four Masters" he succeeds Art as High King and rules for seven or ten years, until he is killed by Ailill Finn, who succeeds him. The chronology of Keating's "Foras Feasa ar Éirinn" dates his reign to 593–586 BC, that of the "Annals of the Four Masters" to 806–796 BC.
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Nemed Nemed or Nimeth (modern spelling: Neimheadh) is a character in medieval Irish mythohistory. According to the "Lebor Gabála Érenn" (compiled in the 11th century), he is the leader of the third group of people to settle in Ireland, who are referred to as the Muintir Nemid (Muintir Neimhidh, "people of Nemed"), Clann Nemid (Clann Neimhidh, "offspring of Nemed") or Nemedians. The word "nemed" means "privileged" or "holy" in Old Irish. They arrive thirty years after their predecessors, the Muintir Partholóin, had died out. After many years the Nemedians too are wiped out or forced to abandon the island.
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Cagot The Cagots (] ) were a persecuted and despised minority found in the west of France and northern Spain: the Navarrese Pyrenees, Basque provinces, Béarn, Aragón, Gascony and Brittany. Their name has differed by province and the local language: Cagots, Gézitains, Gahets, and Gafets in Gascony; Agotes, Agotak, and Gafos in Basque country; Capots in Anjou and Languedoc; and Cacons, Cahets, Caqueux, and Caquins in Brittany. Evidence of the group exists back as far as AD 1000.
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Gath (city) Gath, Gat, or Geth (Hebrew: גַּת‎ ‎ , "wine press"; Latin: "Geth" ), often referred to as Gath of the Philistines, was one of the five Philistine city-states, established in northwestern Philistia. Gath is often mentioned in the Hebrew Bible and its existence is confirmed by Egyptian inscriptions.
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Celts The Celts ( or , see pronunciation of "Celt" for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial. The exact geographic spread of the ancient Celts is also disputed; in particular, the ways in which the Iron Age inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland should be regarded as Celts has become a subject of controversy.
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Gaelic warfare Gaelic warfare was the type of warfare practised by the Gaelic peoples, that is the Irish, Gaels in Scotland, and Manx, in the pre-modern period.
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Cumhscraidh mac Céacht Cumhscraidh mac Céacht, was according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, Irish King.
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Eochu mac Ailella Eochu (or Eochaid), son of Ailill Finn, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland. He succeeded to the throne after his father was killed by Airgetmar and his ally Dui Ladrach. According to the "Lebor Gabála Érenn", he was himself killed by Airgetmar and Dui. Geoffrey Keating says he ruled for seven years, resisted Airgetmar and made peace with Dui, who killed him treacherously at a meeting, allowing Airgetmar to take the kingship. The "Lebor Gabála" synchronises his reign with that of Artaxerxes II of Persia (404–358 BC). The chronology of Keating's "Foras Feasa ar Éirinn" dates his reign to 577–570 BC, that of the "Annals of the Four Masters" to 785–778 BC.
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Jaitugi Jaitugi (r. c. 1191-1200 or 1191-1210), also known as Jaitrapala, was a ruler of the Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Deccan region in India. He successfully invaded the Kakatiya kingdom, and forced them to accept the Yadava suzerainty.