The Marinid dynasty, or Banu abd al-Haqq was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Zenata Berber descent, an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to North Africa, that ruled which country, from the 13th to the 15th century?
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Marinid dynasty The Marinid dynasty (Berber: "Imrinen", Arabic: "Marīniyūn") or Banu abd al-Haqq was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Zenata Berber descent that ruled Morocco from the 13th to the 15th century.
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Berbers Berbers (Berber: "Mazices" / "Imaziɣen" / "Imazighen" singular: ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ "Amaziɣ" / "Amazigh") are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to North Africa. They are distributed in an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Siwa Oasis in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Niger River. Historically, they spoke Berber languages, which together form the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family. Since the Muslim conquest of North Africa in the seventh century, a large number of Berbers inhabiting the Maghreb (Tamazgha) have acquired different degrees of knowledge of varieties of the languages of North Africa. After the colonization of North Africa by France, "the French government succeeded in integrating the French language in Algeria by making French the official national language and requiring all education to take place in French." Foreign languages, mainly French and to some degree Spanish, inherited from former European colonial powers, are used by most educated Berbers in Algeria and Morocco in some formal contexts, such as higher education or business.
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Banu Qatada The Banu Qatadah (بنو قتادة , "Banū Qatādah", "Sons of Qatadah"), or the Qatadids (Arabic: القتاديون‎ ‎ , "al-Qatādayūn"), were a dynasty of Hasanid sharifs that held the Sharifate of Mecca continuously from 1201 until its abolition in 1925. The Qatadids were the last of four dynasties of Hasanid sharifs (preceded by the Musawids, Sulaymanids, and the Hawashim) that altogether ruled Mecca since about the mid-10th century. The progenitor of the dynasty was Qatada ibn Idris, who took possession of the holy city from the Hawashim in 1201. The Emirate remained in the possession of his descendants until 1925 when the last Sharif of Mecca, Ali ibn al-Husayn, surrendered the Kingdom of Hejaz to Ibn Saud, Sultan of Nejd.
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Benicàssim Benicàssim (] , Spanish: "Benicasim" , Arabic: بنو قاسم‎ ‎ according to numismatic findings) is a municipality and beach resort located in the province of Castelló, on the Costa del Azahar in Spain. The Desert de les Palmes mountain range further inland shelters the town from the north wind. The name is derived from the Banu Qasim tribe, a segment of the Kutama Berbers that settled the area during the 8th century Moorish conquest of Spain.
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Uyunid dynasty The Uyunid dynasty, Al Uyuni, House of Uyunid (Arabic: العيوني و العيونيون), were an Arab dynasty that ruled Eastern Arabia for 163 years, from the 11th to the 13th centuries. Their sect is disputed; some sources mention they were Shia, others Sunni. They were the remnants of Bani Abdul Qays tribe and seized the country from the Qarmatians with the military assistance of Great Seljuq Empire in the year 1077-1078 AD. It then fell to the Usfurids of Banu Uqayl in 651 AH (1253 AD). The famous poet Ali bin al Mugrab Al Uyuni is a descendant of the Uyunids.
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Tarikh al-fattash The Tarikh al-fattash is a West African chronicle written in Arabic in the second half of the 17th century. It provides an account of the Songhay Empire from the reign of Sonni Ali (ruled 1464-1492) up to 1599 with a few references to events in the following century. The chronicle also mentions the earlier Mali Empire. The French scholars Octave Houdas and Maurice Delafosse published a critical edition in 1913. It has been argued that this edition conflates the text from an early incomplete manuscript with that of a re-written forgery produced early in the 19th century. The "Tarikh" was originally believed to have been written by Mahmud Kati but this has been questioned and Ibn al-Mukhtar, a grandson of Mahmud Kati, is now believed to have been the author.
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Zawāyā The Zawāyā are tribes in the southern Sahara who have traditionally followed a deeply religious way of life. They accepted a subordinate position to the warrior tribes, whether Arab or Berber, who had little interest in Islam. The Zawāyā introduced Sufi brotherhoods to the black populations south of the Sahara. The "jihad" movements of the Fula people in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries have their origins with the Zawāyā. Today the Zawāyā are one of the two noble castes of Mauritania.
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Riffian language Riffian, Rif Berber or Riffian Berber (native local name: "Tmaziɣt"; external name: "Tarifit") is a Zenati Northern Berber language. It is spoken by around 5 million inhabitants of Morocco and Algeria, primarily in the Rif provinces of Al Hoceima, Nador, Driouch, Berkane, and as a minority language in Tangier, in Oujda and Tetouan. In addition, Riffian expatriate communities also speak the language.
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Banu al-Akhdari Banū al-Akhdari (in Arabic : بنو الأخضري / banū al-Akẖḍarī, "the Lakhdari Clan") are a Shereefian Arab tribe from Western Arabia. They immigrated during the advent of Islam to Yemen and the region of Rub al-Khali and Hadramaout and then to the Maghreb more precisely in Algeria with the Banu Maqil tribe from the years 7th century. Their descendants bear the surnames "Lakhdari, al-Akhdari and el-Akhdari", they are cousins with the Banu Hashim tribe, Banu Kinanah tribe and the Banu al-Senussi tribe and members of the Quraysh branch.
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Taifa of Ceuta The Taifa of Ceuta was one of the Berber "taifa" states formed after the breakup of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the early 11th century. The cities of Ceuta (Arabic: "Sabta"‎ ‎ ) and Tangiers were a part of the Ḥammūdid dynasty "taifa" of Málaga from 1026. From 1036 (427 ) it was governed on behalf of the Ḥammūdids by the Barghawāṭa, a Berber tribe with a non-Islamic religion. Shortly before 1061 (453 ), the Barghawāṭa, led by the illiterate Saqqūt, took power from the Ḥammūdids. They could field a large army of 12,000 cavalry, but were defeated and conquered by the rising power of the Almoravids in 1078/79.
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History of Morocco The history of Morocco spans several millennia, succeeding the prehistoric cultures of Jebel Irhoud and Taforalt. It dates from the establishment of Mauretania and other ancient Berber kingdoms, to the formation of the Almoravid dynasty, Idrisid dynasty and other Islamic polities, through to the colonial and independence periods.
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Kingdom of Tlemcen The Kingdom of Tlemcen was a Berber kingdom in what is now the northwest of Algeria. Its territory stretched from Tlemcen to the Chelif bend and Algiers, and reached at its zenith the Moulouya river to the west, Sijilmasa to the south and the Soummam river to the east.
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Abu Thabit Amir The Marinid sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf was in the Kingdom of Tlemcen laying siege to the Abd al-Wadid capital when he was assassinated. During this long siege, which had been in place since 1299, the Marinid sultan was unable to prevent a Nasrid-sponsored pretender Othman ibn Idris from landing in Ceuta in 1306 and seizing much of northern Morocco. The new Marinid sultan Abu Thabit, whose ascendancy was contested by four pretenders, had to choose between pressing the siege or recovering his dominions. He opted for the latter.
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Royal family of Morocco The royal family of Morocco is from the Alaouite dynasty. They have been ruling the kingdom of Morocco since the 17th century. Family members include:
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Ibn Tumart Abu Abd Allah Muhammad Ibn Tumart (Berber: "Amghar ibn Tumert", Arabic: أبو عبد الله محمد ابن تومرت‎ ‎ , ca. 1080–1130 or 1128), a Muslim Berber religious scholar, teacher and political leader, came from southern Morocco. He founded and served as the spiritual leader of the Almohad movement, a puritanical reform movement launched among the Masmuda Berbers of the Atlas Mountains. Ibn Tumart launched an open revolt against the ruling Almoravids during the 1120s. After his death his followers, the Almohads, went on to conquer much of North Africa and Spain.
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Grands caids The grands caids were Berber feudal rulers of southern quarter of Morocco under the French Protectorate.
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Christianity among the Mongols In modern times the Mongols are primarily Tibetan Buddhists, but in previous eras, especially during the time of the Mongol empire (13th–14th centuries), they were primarily shamanist, and had a substantial minority of Christians, many of whom were in positions of considerable power. Overall, Mongols were highly tolerant of most religions, and typically sponsored several at the same time. Many Mongols had been proselytized by the Church of the East since about the seventh century, and some tribes' primary religion was Nestorian. In the time of Genghis Khan, his sons took Christian wives of the Keraites, and under the rule of Genghis Khan's grandson, Möngke Khan, the primary religious influence was Christian.
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Aljama Aljama (] , ] , ] ) is a term of Arabic origin used in old official documents in Spain and Portugal to designate the self-governing communities of Moors and Jews living under Christian rule in the Iberian Peninsula. In some present-day Spanish cities, the name is still applied to the quarters where such communities lived, though they are many centuries gone.
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Yazid of Morocco Yazid (1750 – 23 February 1792) (Arabic: اليزيد بن محمد‎ ‎ ) was Sultan of Morocco from 1790 to 1792, and was a member of the Alaouite dynasty. He was born in Fes. Yazid's first order of business was persecuting the Jews of the city of Tétouan. In deference to Yazid's father, Sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah, the Jews of Tétouan denied financial support to Yazid and his effort to overthrow his father. Observers remarked that Yazid authorized his "black" troops to plunder Tétouan's Jewish quarter, historian Allan R. Meyers suggested the hereditary 'Abid soldiers were originally not sub-Saharan Africans but dark-complected indigenous North Africans. Also during his rule, he continued allowing Shiite refugees from the Ottoman Empire to reside and become prominent in the country.
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Banu Qasi The Banu Qasi, Banu Kasi, Beni Casi (Arabic: بني قسي or بنو قسي‎ ‎ , meaning "sons" or "heirs of Cassius") or Banu Musa were a Hispano-Roman Muwallad dynasty that ruled the upper Ebro valley in the 9th century, before being displaced in the first quarter of the 10th century.
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Maghrebi Jews Maghrebi Jews (in Hebrew Maghrebim or ) are Jews who had traditionally lived in the Maghreb region of North Africa ("al-Maghrib", Arabic for "the west") under Arab rule during the Middle Ages. Established Jewish communities had existed in North Africa long before the arrival of Sephardi Jews, expelled from Portugal and Spain. The oldest Jewish communities were present during Roman times and possibly as early as within Punic colonies of the Ancient Carthage period. Maghrebi Jews largely mixed with the newly arrived Sephardic Jews, beginning from the 13th century until the 16th century, eventually being overwhelmed by Sephardics and embracing the Sephardic Jewish identity in most cases.
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Muladi The Muladi (Spanish: ' ; Portuguese: ' ; Catalan: "" ; Arabic: مولد‎ ‎ trans. "muwallad", pl. مولدون "muwalladūn" or مولدين "muwalladīn") were Muslims of local descent or of mixed Arab, Berber, and Iberian origin, who lived in Al-Andalus during the Middle Ages. They were also called ""Musalimah"" (Islamized). In broader usage, the word "muwallad" is used to describe Arabs of mixed parentage, especially those not living in their ancestral homelands.