Yelü Chucai was a retainer of which founder of the Mongol Empire?
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Yelü Chucai Yelü Chucai (Yeh-lu Chu-tsai; ; Mongolian: Urtu Saqal, 吾圖撒合里, "long beard"; the components of his name also variously spelt Yeh-Lu, Ye Liu, Yeliu, Chutsai, Ch'u-Ts'ai, etc.) (July 24, 1190 - June 20, 1244) was a statesman of Khitan ethnicity with royal family lineage to the Liao Dynasty, who became a vigorous adviser and administrator of the early Mongol Empire in the Confucian tradition. He was the first of Genghis Khan's retainers to formulate policy during the Mongol conquests, and he also introduced many administrative reforms in North China during the reign of Genghis Khan and his successor Ögedei.
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Genghis Khan Genghis Khan (c. 1162 August 18, 1227), born Temüjin, was the Great Khan and founder of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Empire and being proclaimed "Genghis Khan", he launched the Mongol invasions that conquered most of Eurasia. Campaigns initiated in his lifetime include those against the Qara Khitai, Caucasus, and Khwarazmian, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. These campaigns were often accompanied by large-scale massacres of the civilian populations – especially in the Khwarazmian and Western Xia controlled lands. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China.
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The Legend of Kublai Khan The Legend of Kublai Khan, also known as Legend of Yuan Empire Founder, is a Chinese television series based on the life of Kublai Khan and the events leading to the founding of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in China. The series started shooting in 2011. It premiered at the 2013 Shanghai Television Festival from 11–13 June 2013, and was first aired on HBS from 21–30 July 2013. The series was directed by Tsui Siu-ming and starred Hu Jun as Kublai Khan, with Charmaine Sheh, Cai Wenyan, Wu Yue, Tang Guoqiang, Gao Fa, Steven Ma and Ray Lui as part of the supporting cast.
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Chang Yuchun Chang Yuchun (1330–1369),the han people courtesy name Boren and art name Yanheng, was a Chinese military general. He was a follower of Zhu Yuanzhang (the Hongwu Emperor), the founder of the Ming dynasty, and contributed heavily to the establishment of the Ming Empire. He was famous for his bravery and formidable prowess in battle, which earned him the nickname of "Chang Ten Thousand", because he alone was said to be as effective as a force of 10,000 troops.
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Manduul Khan Manduul Khan (Manduuluu, Manduyul or Manduyulun) (1438–1478), was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia, and he was the younger brother of Taisun Khan (Toghtoa Bukha or Toγtoγa Buqa), but the two had different mothers.
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Tarkhan Tarkhan (Old Turkic "Tarqan"; Mongolian: "Darqan" or "Darkhan"; Persian: ترخان‎ ‎ ; ; Arabic: طرخان‎ ‎ ; alternative spellings "Tarkan", "Tarkhaan", "Tarqan", "Tarchan", "Turxan", "Tarcan, Tárkány, Tarján, Torgyán" or "Turgan") is an ancient Central Asian title used by various Turkic peoples, Indo-Europeans (i.e. Iranian, Tokharian, Punjabi), and by the proto-Mongols, Hungarians and Mongols. Its use was common among the successors of the Mongol Empire.
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Guo Kan Guo Kan or Kuo K'an (), (1217–1277) was a famous general of Han descent who served the Mongol Khans in their Western conquests and the conquest of China itself. He was descended from a lineage of Chinese generals. Both his father and grandfather had served the Khan, while his forefather Guo Ziyi, a famed general of the Tang Dynasty. He was not a senior Mongol commander but was in charge of Chinese artillery units under the Mongol Empire. He was one of the foreign legions that served the Mongol Empire, and some of the later conquests of the Mongols were done by armies under his command. The biography of this Han commander in the "Yuan Shi" ("History of Yuan") said that Guo Kan's presence struck so much fear in his foes that they called him the "Divine Man".
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Yelü Lihu Yelü Lihu (耶律李胡) (911-960), also named Honggu (洪古), courtesy name Xiyin (奚隱), formally Emperor Zhangsu (章肅皇帝), was an imperial prince of the Khitan Liao state. As the third son of Liao's founding emperor Emperor Taizu (Yelü Abaoji) and his wife Empress Shulü Ping, Yelü Lihu served as crown prince during the reign of his older brother Emperor Taizong (Yelü Deguang), who was their second son, as Empress Shulü wanted him to be emperor after Emperor Taizong. However, after Emperor Taizong's death, their older brother Yelü Bei's son Yelü Ruan was able to defeat Yelü Lihu in battle and take the throne. Yelü Lihu was put under arrest and later died while under arrest.
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Mandukhai Khatun Mandukhai Khatun (Mongolian: Мандухай хатан , ), also known as Mandukhai Sechen Khatun (Mongolian: Мандухай сэцэн хатан , or Queen Manduhai the Wise), (c. 1449 – 1510) was the Khatun of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia. She reunited the warring Mongols with her husband Batmunkh Dayan Khan.
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Chupan Amir Chūpān (Persian: امیر چوپان‎ ‎ ; died November 1327), also spellt Choban or Coban, was a Chupanid noble of the Ilkhanate, and nominal general of the Mongol Empire. His father was named the Malek of the Mongol Suldus clan. His ancestor was Chilaun (Чулуун), who was one of Chingis Khan's four great companions.
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Temür Khan Temür Öljeytü Khan (Mongolian: Өлзийт Төмөр , "Ölziit Tömör " ; Middle Mongol: ᠥᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠲᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ , "Öljeyitü Temür "), born Temür (also spelled "Timur", Mongolian: Төмөр , October 15, 1265 – February 10, 1307), also known by the temple name Chengzong (Emperor Chengzong of Yuan; ) was the second emperor of the Yuan dynasty, ruling from May 10, 1294 to February 10, 1307. Apart from Emperor of China, he is considered as the sixth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire or Mongols, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire. He was an able ruler of the Yuan, and his reign established the patterns of power for the next few decades. His name means "blessed iron Khan" in the Mongolian language.
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Chuluo Chuluo Khagan (, Middle Chinese: (Guangyun) ] , died 620) was the khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, and second son of Yami Qaghan, former title: Ilteber Shad (). He succeeded his elder brother Shibi and ruled for 18 months. He married the Sui dynasty's Princess Yicheng () in heqin, the former wife of Qimin in levirate marriage.
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Ming campaign against the Uriankhai The Ming campaign against the Uriankhai of 1387 was an offensive military expedition campaign of Ming China's army led by General Feng Sheng against the Uriankhai horde of the Mongol chieftain Naghachu in Manchuria. Later that year, the military campaign concluded with the surrender of the Uriankhai.
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Ye Chunji Ye Chunji (; 1532–1595) was a Chinese county official and scholar during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) of China.
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Duan Yuanfei Duan Yuanfei (段元妃) (died 396), formally Empress Cheng'ai (成哀皇后, literally "the successful and lamentable empress"), was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei state Later Yan. Her husband was the state's founding emperor, Murong Chui (Emperor Wucheng). Her given name is lost to history, but her courtesy name Yuanfei was recorded. She was the niece of two of Murong Chui's prior wives, who were daughters of the Xianbei chief Duan Mopei (段末怌). Her father Duan Yi (段儀) was a brother of the Princesses Duan.
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Toghon Temür Toghon Temür (Mongolian: Тогоонтөмөр , "Togoontömör"; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by the temple name Emperor Huizong () bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty in Mongolia and by the posthumous name Shundi () bestowed by the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty China, was a son of Khutughtu Khan Kusala who ruled as emperor of the Yuan dynasty. Apart from Emperor of China, he is also considered the last Khagan of the Mongol Empire, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire at the start of the Yuan dynasty.
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Babukhan Khatun Babukhan (fl. 1328) (Mongolian: Бабухан) was the wife of Emperor Taiding of the Yuan Dynasty, also known by his Mongolian name Yesün Temür.
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Altan Khan Altan Khan of the Tümed (1507–1582; Mongolian: Алтан хан ; Chinese: 阿爾坦汗), whose given name was Anda (ᠠᠨᠳᠠ in Mongolian; 俺答 in Chinese), was the leader of the Tümed Mongols, Shunyi Wang (Prince of Shunyi, Chinese: 顺义王) of Ming dynasty China, and de facto ruler of the Right Wing, or western tribes, of the Mongols. He was the grandson of Dayan Khan (1464–1543), a descendant of Kublai Khan (1215–1294), who had managed to unite a tribal league between the Khalkha Mongols in the north and the Chahars (Tsakhars) to the south. His name means "Golden Khan" in the Mongolian language.
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Taiji (Mongol title) Taiji is the title of the nobility among the Mongols from the 16th century. (It is not to be confused with taishi, which was always given to non-royal blood nobles.) The title originated from Chinese taizi (son of the emperor) and was first used for the proliferating aristocracy composed of sons and descendants of Batu-Möngke Dayan Khan (1480?–1517?). This is the same as Khung Tayji and after the 15th century, the Mongolians used its short form Taiji and, unlike the previous period, princes of the Oirats held the title as well at the same time.
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Xianbei The Xianbei () were proto-Mongols residing in what became today's eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China. Along with the Xiongnu, they were one of the major nomadic groups in northern China during the Han Dynasty and subsequent dynastic periods. They eventually established their own northern dynasties, including the Northern Wei founded in the 4th century AD by the Tuoba clan.
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Darugha Darugha (Bashkir: даруга , Tatar: даруга , "daruğa " , from Mongol: "daru-", 'to press, to seal') was a territorial subdivision in the Mongol Empire. A "darugha" was ruled by "darughachi".
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The Secret History of the Mongol Queens The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire is a 2010 book by Jack Weatherford, about the impact and legacy of Genghis Khan's daughters and Mongol queens such as Mandukhai the Wise and Khutulun. The book references Mongolian, Central Asian, Persian, European and Chinese sources such as "Altan Tobchi", "Erdeni Tobchi", "Erdenyin Tunamal Sudar", "Tarikh-i-Rashidi", "Tarikh-i Jahangushay-i Juvaini", and "Ming shi" in addition to various secondary sources in English, Mongolian, and German.