In ancient Roman religion, Fontus or Fons (plural "Fontes", "Font" or "Source") was a god of wells and springs, a religious festival called the Fontinalia was held on October 13 in his honor, festivals in ancient Rome were an important part of Roman religious life during which eras, and one of the primary features of the Roman calendar?
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Fontus In ancient Roman religion, Fontus or Fons (plural "Fontes", "Font" or "Source") was a god of wells and springs. A religious festival called the Fontinalia was held on October 13 in his honor. Throughout the city, fountains and wellheads were adorned with garlands.
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Roman festivals Festivals in ancient Rome were an important part of Roman religious life during both the Republican and Imperial eras, and one of the primary features of the Roman calendar. Feriae ("holidays" in the sense of "holy days"; singular also "feriae" or dies ferialis) were either public "(publicae)" or private "(privatae)". State holidays were celebrated by the Roman people and received public funding. Games "(ludi)", such as the Ludi Apollinares, were not technically "feriae", but the days on which they were celebrated were "dies festi", holidays in the modern sense of days off work. Although "feriae" were paid for by the state, "ludi" were often funded by wealthy individuals. "Feriae privatae" were holidays celebrated in honor of private individuals or by families. This article deals only with public holidays, including rites celebrated by the state priests of Rome at temples, as well as celebrations by neighborhoods, families, and friends held simultaneously throughout Rome
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Epulum Jovis In ancient Roman religion, the Epulum Jovis (also Epulum Iovis) was a sumptuous ritual feast offered to Jove on the Ides of September (September 13) and a smaller feast on the Ides of November (November 13). It was celebrated during the "Ludi Romani" ("Roman Games") and the "Ludi Plebeii" ("Plebeian Games").
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Dius Fidius In ancient Roman religion, Dius Fidius (less often as Dius Fidus) was a god of oaths associated with Jupiter. His name was thought to be related to Fides.
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Sancus In ancient Roman religion, Sancus (also known as Sangus or Semo Sancus) was a god of trust ("fides"), honesty, and oaths. His cult, one of the most ancient amongst the Romans, probably derived from Umbrian influences.
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Lucus In ancient Roman religion, a lucus is a sacred grove.
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October (Roman month) October (from Latin "octo", "eight") or mensis October was the eighth of ten months on the oldest Roman calendar. It had 31 days. October followed September (from "septem", "seven") and preceded November ("novem", "nine"). After the calendar reform that resulted in a 12-month year, October became the tenth month, but retained its numerical name, as did the other months from September through December.
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Jupiter Tonans Jupiter Tonans, or, in Latin spelling, Iuppiter Tonans ("Thundering Jove") was the aspect ("numen") of Jupiter venerated in the Temple of Iuppiter Tonans, which was vowed in 26 BCE by Augustus and dedicated in 22 BCE on the Capitoline Hill; the Emperor had narrowly escaped being struck by lightning during the campaign in Cantabria. An old temple in the Campus Martius had long been dedicated to Iuppiter Fulgens. The original cult image installed in the sanctuary by its founder was by Leochares, a Greek sculptor of the 4th century BCE.
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Lucaria In ancient Roman religion, the Lucaria was a festival of the grove (Latin "lucus") held July 19 and 21. The original meaning of the ritual was obscure by the time of Varro (mid-1st century BC), who omits it in his list of festivals. The deity for whom it was celebrated is unknown; if a ritual for grove-clearing recorded by Cato pertains to this festival, the invocation was deliberately anonymous "(Si deus, si dea)". The dates of the Lucaria are recorded in the "Fasti Amiterni", a calendar dating from the reign of Tiberius found at Amiternum (now S. Vittorino) in Sabine territory.
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Feralia Ferālia was an ancient Roman public festival celebrating the Manes (Roman spirits of the dead, particularly the souls of deceased individuals) which fell on 21 February as recorded by Ovid in Book II of his "Fasti". This day marked the end of Parentalia, a nine-day festival (13–21 February) honoring the dead ancestors.
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Bona Dea Bona Dea (] "The Good Goddess") was a divinity in ancient Roman religion. She was associated with chastity and fertility in Roman women, healing, and the protection of the State and People. According to Roman literary sources, she was brought from Magna Graecia at some time during the early or middle Republic, and was given her own state cult on the Aventine Hill.
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Flamen In ancient Roman religion, a flamen was a priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic. The most important three were the "flamines maiores" (or "major priests"), who served the three chief Roman gods of the Archaic Triad. The remaining twelve were the "flamines minores" ("lesser priests"). Two of the "minores" cultivated deities whose names are now unknown; among the others are deities about whom little is known other than the name. During the Imperial era, the cult of a deified emperor ("divus") also had a flamen.
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October Horse In ancient Roman religion, the October Horse (Latin Equus October) was an animal sacrifice to Mars carried out on October 15, coinciding with the end of the agricultural and military campaigning season. The rite took place during one of three horse-racing festivals held in honor of Mars, the others being the two Equirria on February 27 and March 14.
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Ludi Plebeii The Plebeian Games (Latin Ludi Plebeii) were an ancient Roman religious festival held November 4–17. The games "(ludi)" included both theatrical performances "(ludi scaenici)" and athletic competitions for the purpose of entertaining the common people of Rome.
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Regifugium The Regifugium ("Flight of the King") or Fugalia ("Festival of the Flight") was an annual religious festival that took place in ancient Rome every February 24 (Latin: "a.d. VI Kal. Mart." ).
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Pelusia In the Roman Empire, the Pelusia was a religious festival held March 20 in honor of Isis and her child Harpocrates. It would have coincided with the second day of the Quinquatria, a five-day festival to Minerva. The holiday was not a part of the Roman calendar before the mid-1st century AD, but had been added by the time of Marcus Aurelius (161–180). It is preserved in the Calendar of Filocalus (354 AD) as an official holiday.
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Fauna (deity) In ancient Roman religion, Fauna ] is a goddess said in differing ancient sources to be the wife, sister, or daughter of Faunus (the Roman counterpart of Pan). Varro regarded her as the female counterpart of Faunus, and said that the "fauni" all had prophetic powers. She is also called Fatua or Fenta Fauna.
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Inuus In ancient Roman religion, Inuus was a god, or aspect of a god, who embodied sexual intercourse. The evidence for him as a distinct entity is scant. Maurus Servius Honoratus wrote that Inuus is an epithet of Faunus (Greek Pan), named from his habit of intercourse with animals, based on the etymology of "ineundum", "a going in, penetration," from "inire", "to enter" in the sexual sense. Other names for the god were Fatuus and Fatulcus.
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Augustus (honorific) ] , Latin for "majestic," "the increaser," or "venerable"), was an ancient Roman title given as both name and title to Gaius Octavius (often referred to simply as Augustus), Rome's first Emperor. On his death, it became an official title of his successor, and was so used by Roman emperors thereafter. The feminine form Augusta was used for Roman empresses and other females of the Imperial family. The masculine and feminine forms originated in the time of the Roman Republic, in connection with things considered divine or sacred in traditional Roman religion. Their use as titles for major and minor Roman deities of the Empire associated the Imperial system and Imperial family with traditional Roman virtues and the divine will, and may be considered a feature of the Roman Imperial cult.
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Navigium Isidis The Navigium Isidis or Isidis Navigium (trans. "the vessel of Isis") was an annual ancient Roman religious festival in honor of the goddess Isis, held on March 5. The festival outlived Christian persecution by Theodosius (391) and Arcadius' persecution against the Roman religion (395).
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Heroon A heroon or herõon ( ; Greek ἡρῷον, plural ἡρῷα, "heroa"), also called heroum, was a shrine dedicated to an ancient Greek or Roman hero and used for the commemoration or cult worship of the hero. It was often erected over his or her supposed tomb or cenotaph.
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Ancient Olympic Games The Olympic Games was originally meant as a festival, or celebration of/for Zeus; later, events such as a footrace, a javelin contest, and wrestling matches were added. The Olympic Games (Ancient Greek: Ὀλύμπια "Olympia" "the Olympics" also Ancient Greek: Ὀλυμπιάς "Olympias" "the Olympiad") were a series of athletic competitions among representatives of city-states and one of the Panhellenic Games of ancient Greece. They were held in honor of Zeus, and the Greeks gave them a mythological origin. The first Olympics is traditionally dated to 776 BC. They continued to be celebrated when Greece came under Roman rule, until the emperor Theodosius I suppressed them in 393 AD as part of the campaign to impose Christianity as the State religion of Rome. The games were held every four years, or "olympiad", which became a unit of time in historical chronologies.