What was the name of the conspiracy, which Carl Wentzel-Teutschenthal participated in and got executed for?
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Carl Wentzel Carl Wentzel-Teutschenthal (9 December 1875 – 20 December 1944) was a German farmer and agricultural contractor. He was executed at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin following the 20 July plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
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20 July plot On 20 July 1944, Claus von Stauffenberg and other conspirators attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, inside his Wolf's Lair field headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia. The name Operation Valkyrie, originally referring to part of the conspiracy, has become associated with the entire event. The apparent aim of the assassination attempt was to wrest political control of Germany and its armed forces from the Nazi Party (including the SS) and to make peace with the western Allies as soon as possible. The underlying desire of many of the high-ranking Wehrmacht officers involved was apparently to show the world that not all Germans were like Hitler and the Nazi Party. The details of the conspirators' peace initiatives remain unknown, but they likely would have included unrealistic demands for the confirmation of Germany's extensive annexations of European territory.
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Bielefeld Conspiracy The Bielefeld Conspiracy (German: "Bielefeldverschwörung" or "Bielefeld-Verschwörung") is a satire of conspiracy theories that originated in 1994 in the German Usenet, which claims that the city of Bielefeld, Germany, does not actually exist, but is an illusion propagated by various forces. Originally an internet phenomenon, the conspiracy has since been represented in the city's marketing, and referred to by Chancellor Angela Merkel.
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Rye House Plot The Rye House Plot of 1683 was a plan to assassinate King Charles II of England and his brother (and heir to the throne) James, Duke of York. Historians vary in their assessment of the degree to which details of the conspiracy were finalised. Whatever the state of the assassination plot, plans to mount a rebellion against the Stuart monarchy were being entertained by some opposition leaders in England, and the government cracked down hard on those in a series of state trials, accompanied with repressive measures and widespread searches for arms. The Plot presaged, and may have hastened, the rebellions of 1685, the Monmouth Rebellion and Argyll's Rising.
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Nuremberg trials The Nuremberg trials (German: "die Nürnberger Prozesse") were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied forces under international law and the laws of war after World War II. The trials were most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, judicial and economic leadership of Nazi Germany, who planned, carried out, or otherwise participated in the Holocaust and other war crimes. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, and their decisions marked a turning point between classical and contemporary international law.
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Karl Steubl "SS-Sturmbannführer" Karl Steubl, Steubel, or Steibel (October 25, 1910 – September 21, 1945) was a Nazi, perpetrator of euthanasia programme dubbed Action T4, and commander of transportation at the Sobibór extermination camp during Operation Reinhard, the most deadly phase of the Holocaust. Arrested after the war, Steubl committed suicide in Linz, Austria.
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Kai Henning Bothildsen Nielsen Kai Henning Bothildsen Nielsen (4 December 1919 – 9 May 1947) was a Danish national socialist who became a member of the Peter group in Denmark during the Second World War. He participated in numerous operations to murder and bomb civilians and public servants as collective punishment whenever the Danish resistance carried out an operation. Bothildsen was after the war convicted for 57 murders, 9 attempted murders and 116 sabotage events and given a death sentence which was eventually ratified by the Danish Supreme Court. He was executed on 9 May 1947 in Copenhagen.
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Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburg (5 September 1902 – 10 August 1944) was a German government official and a member of the German Resistance in the 20 July Plot against Adolf Hitler.
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Kapp Putsch The Kapp Putsch, also known as the Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch after its leaders Wolfgang Kapp and Walther von Lüttwitz, was an attempted coup on 13 March 1920 which aimed to undo the German Revolution of 1918–1919, overthrow the Weimar Republic and establish a right-wing autocratic government in its place. It was supported by parts of the "Reichswehr" (military) and other conservative, nationalist and monarchist factions.
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Operation Reinhard Operation Reinhard or Operation Reinhardt (German: "Aktion Reinhard "or" Aktion Reinhardt "also" Einsatz Reinhard "or" Einsatz Reinhardt" ) was the codename given to the secretive German Nazi plan to massacre the majority of Polish Jews in the General Government district of German-occupied Poland, during World War II. The operation marked the deadliest phase of the Holocaust and the introduction of extermination camps.
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Albin Köbis Albin Köbis (18 December 1892 - 5 September 1917) was a German sailor executed in 1917 for Marxist agitation in the Imperial German Navy. He enlisted as a volunteer in 1912 and served on the battleship "Prinzregent Luitpold". In the summer of 1917, he became one of the leaders of a movement among sailors in the imperial fleet, whose complaints about food and other conditions soon developed into agitation against the war. He was arrested and condemned to death on 26 August 1917 as a "main ringleader" along with Max Reichpietsch and three other sailors. The sentences on the other three were commuted to penal servitude, but Köbis and Reichpietsch were executed by firing squad on 5 September 1917.
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Vishnu Ganesh Pingle Vishnu Ganesh Pingle was an Indian revolutionary and a member of the Ghadar Party who was one of those executed in 1915 following the Lahore conspiracy trial for his role in the Ghadar conspiracy.
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Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ] ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, he was a recipient of the "Pour le Mérite". He was the last commander of "Jagdgeschwader" 1, the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen.
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Karl von Oberkamp Karl von Oberkamp (30 October 1893 – 4 May 1947) was a German Waffen-SS commander and war criminal during World War II. During his SS career, he commanded the SS Division Prinz Eugen, the SS Division Nibelungen and the V SS Mountain Corps.
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A Protocol of 1919 A Protocol of 1919 is a fabricated text appearing in the appendices of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion", purportedly found on 9 December 1919 among the documents of a Jewish Red battalion commander killed in the Estonian War of Independence. The document's supposed authors, the "Israelite International League", gloat over their success at reducing the Russian people to "helpless slaves", and urge their fellow Jews to "excite hatred" and "buy up Government loans and gold", in order to grow in "political and economic power and influence". The text has been cited, as with other antisemitic canards, as evidence for the antisemitic belief that the Jews are conspiring to take over the world.
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Pisonian conspiracy The conspiracy of Gaius Calpurnius Piso in AD 65 was a major turning point in the reign of the Roman emperor Nero (reign 54–68). The plot reflected the growing discontent among the ruling class of the Roman state with Nero's increasingly despotic leadership, and as a result is a significant event on the road towards his eventual suicide and the chaos of the Year of Four Emperors which followed.
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Schwarze Kapelle The Schwarze Kapelle (German for "Black Orchestra") was a term used by the Gestapo to refer to a group of conspirators within the German military who plotted to overthrow Adolf Hitler. It included many senior officers within the Wehrmacht. Unlike the "Rote Kapelle" (Red Orchestra), the name given by the Gestapo to the Soviet spy network within the Third Reich, the members of the "Black Orchestra" were of aristocratic background, felt contempt for the ideological fervor of the Nazi Party and were politically closer to the Western Allies.
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Ferdinand Jung Ferdinand Jung (24 January 1905 – 2 December 1973) was a German Communist activist who resisted the Nazi government in the 1930s and spent a good deal of time in prisons and concentration camps. In later life he found himself in the political mainstream in his country's second one-party dictatorship and became a senior politician.
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Klaus Bonhoeffer Klaus Bonhoeffer (5 January 1901 – 23 April 1945) was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime who was executed after the July 1944 plot to kill Hitler.
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Robert Bernardis Robert Bernardis (7 August 1908 in Innsbruck – 8 August 1944 in Berlin-Plötzensee) was an Austrian resistance fighter involved in the attempt to kill German dictator Adolf Hitler in the 20 July Plot in 1944.
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Charles-Alexandre de Hénin-Liétard d'Alsace Charles Alexandre Marc Marcelin de Hénin-Liétard d'Alsace (1744–1794), prince of Henin and count of Beaumont, was a prince of the Holy Roman Empire who took French nationality. During the French Revolution he was executed by guillotine on charges of counter-revolutionary conspiracy.
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Auschwitz Protocols The Auschwitz Protocols, also known as the Auschwitz Reports, is a collection of three eyewitness reports from 1943–44 about the mass murder that was taking place inside the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during the Second World War.