Which high-ranking German Nazi official was assassinated in Prague in the book Mendelssohn Is on the Roof?
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Mendelssohn Is on the Roof Mendelssohn Is on the Roof is a book by Jiří Weil written in 1959 and first translated into English by Marie Winn in 1991. The book took 15 years to write. It is an exploration of the many forms of corruption in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia and embeds historical events, such as the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich in Prague in 1942, among fictional stories concerning the holocaust, Nazi careerism and the rise of Nazism.
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Reinhard Heydrich Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (] ) (7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German Nazi official during World War II, and a main architect of the Holocaust. He was an SS-"Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei" (Senior Group Leader and General of Police) as well as chief of the Reich Main Security Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). He was also "Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor" (Deputy/Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. Heydrich served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC; later known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference, which formalised plans for the Final Solution to the Jewish Question—the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe.
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Oster Conspiracy The Oster Conspiracy of 1938 was a proposed plan to overthrow German "Führer" Adolf Hitler and the Nazi regime if Germany went to war with Czechoslovakia over the Sudetenland. It was led by Generalmajor (major general) Hans Oster, deputy head of the "Abwehr" and other high-ranking conservatives within the Wehrmacht who opposed the regime for its behaviour that was threatening to bring Germany into a war that they believed it was not ready to fight. They planned to overthrow Hitler and the Nazi regime through a planned storming of the Reich Chancellery by forces loyal to the plot to take control of the government, who would either arrest or assassinate Hitler, and restore the exiled Wilhelm II as Emperor.
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Prague Manifesto The Prague Manifesto (in Russian: Пражский Манифест) is a document that was created by several members of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia, an anti-communist coalition of former Soviet military and citizens who aimed to overthrow Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and establish a non-communist government in Russia, in alliance with Nazi Germany during the Second World War.
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Johann Georg Elser Johann Georg Elser (4 January 1903 – 9 April 1945) was a German worker who planned and carried out an elaborate assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazi leaders on 8 November 1939 at the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich. A time bomb that Elser constructed and placed near the speaking platform failed to kill Hitler, who left earlier than expected, but killed eight people and injured over sixty-two others. Elser was held as a prisoner for over five years until executed at the Dachau concentration camp.
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Hellmut G. Haasis Hellmut G. Haasis (born 7 January 1942) is a German historian, author, and broadcaster. He is particularly known for his biographies of Georg Elser who attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler in 1939; Reinhard Heydrich who was one of the main architects of the Holocaust; and Joseph Süß Oppenheimer who was executed in 1738 and in 1940 was the subject of a notorious Nazi anti-semitic propaganda film, "Jud Süß". Haasis was born in Mühlacker, a town in the Swabia region of Germany, and has written two novels in Swabian dialect as well as a collection of poetry. He is the recipient of the Thaddäus Troll Literature Prize, the Schubart Literature Prize, and the Civis Media Prize.
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August Meyszner August Edler von Meyszner (3 August 1886 – 24 January 1947) was an Austrian gendarmerie officer, right-wing politician, and senior "Ordnungspolizei" (order police) officer who held the post of Higher SS and Police Leader in the German-occupied territory of Serbia from January 1942 to March 1944, during World War II. He has been described as one of "Reichsführer-SS" Heinrich Himmler's most brutal subordinates.
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Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg Fritz-Dietlof Graf von der Schulenburg (5 September 1902 – 10 August 1944) was a German government official and a member of the German Resistance in the 20 July Plot against Adolf Hitler.
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Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov Nikolai Ivanovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Николай Иванович Кузнецов ) (July 27, 1911–March 9, 1944) was a semi-legendary Soviet intelligence agent and partisan who operated in Nazi-occupied Ukraine (Reichskommissariat Ukraine) during World War II who personally killed six high-ranking German officials. His file is still not fully disclosed and will be held until 2025 in the FSB archives. It was not until 1990 that Kuznetsov was officially recognized as a NKVD agent. He used several pseudonyms during his intelligence operations: e.g. Rudolf Schmidt, Nikolai Vasilevitsh Grachev (Николай Васильевич Грачёв) and Oberleutnant Paul Siebert. Kuznetsov was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
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Johann Dick Johann Dick (23 March 1927 – 18 September 1986) was a citizen of West Germany who was shot and killed on the Czechoslovakian border by soldiers from Czechoslovakian Border Guard ("Pohraniční stráž").
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Richard Bruno Heydrich Richard Bruno Heydrich (23 February 1865 – 24 August 1938) was a German opera singer (tenor), and composer. He was the father of SS Obergruppenführer and creator of the Final Solution Reinhard Heydrich, Heinz Heydrich and Maria Heydrich.
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Rudolf G. Binding Rudolf Georg Binding (13 August 1867 – 4 August 1938) was a German writer and supporter of Adolf Hitler.
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Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter or Max Scheubner-Richter, born Ludwig Maximilian Erwin Richter (21 January 1884 – 9 November 1923) was an early member of the Nazi Party. Along with Alfred Rosenberg, he devised the plan to drive the German government to revolution through the Beer Hall Putsch. During the Putsch, he was shot in the lungs and died instantly, at the same time dislocating Hitler's right shoulder.
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Marie Vassiltchikov Marie Illarionovna Vassiltchikov (Russian: Мария Илларионовна Васильчикова ; 11 January 1917 – 12 August 1978) was a Russian princess who wrote "Berlin Diaries, 1940-1945", which described the effects of the bombing of Berlin and events leading to the attempted assassination of Adolf Hitler in the 20 July Plot.
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Karl Babor Karl Babor (23 August 1918 – 18 January 1964) was a Nazi, SS doctor of the Third Reich, and officer at Camp Gross-Rosen with the rank of "Hauptsturmführer". He was an expert in assassination by syringe of phenol.
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Nuremberg executions The Nuremberg executions took place on October 16, 1946, shortly after the conclusion of the Nuremberg Trials. Ten prominent members of the political and military leadership of Nazi Germany were executed by hanging: Hans Frank, Wilhelm Frick, Alfred Jodl, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Wilhelm Keitel, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Alfred Rosenberg, Fritz Sauckel, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, and Julius Streicher. Hermann Göring was also scheduled to be hanged on that day, but committed suicide using a potassium cyanide capsule the night before. Martin Bormann was also sentenced to death in absentia, but he was killed or committed suicide while attempting to escape Berlin in 1945.
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Operation Anthropoid Memorial The Operation Anthropoid Memorial is a monument in Libeň, Prague that commemorates Operation Anthropoid, an ambush on senior Nazi official Reinhard Heydrich by Czechoslovakian partisans on 27 May 1942 which resulted in his death one week later.
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Murder of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck The Murders of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck were a double homicide that took place in Berlin in 1931, when police captains Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck were assassinated by members of the Communist Party of Germany.
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The Short, Strange Life of Herschel Grynszpan The Short, Strange Life of Herschel Grynszpan is a book by Jonathan Kirsch about Herschel Grynszpan, a Polish-Jewish refugee who assassinated German diplomat Ernst vom Rath on 7 November 1938. It tells the story of the Jewish boy whose actions preceded Krystallnacht.
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Jozef Gabčík Jozef Gabčík (] ; 8 April 1912 – 18 June 1942) was a Slovak soldier in the Czechoslovak army involved in Operation Anthropoid, the assassination of acting Reichsprotektor (Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia, SS Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich.
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Gusta Fučíková Gusta Fučíková, born "Gusta (Augusta) Kodeřičová" (28 August 1903 Ostředek – 25 March 1987), was a Czech and Czechoslovak publicist and editor, politician of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, an activist of women's and left-wing peace movements, and deputy of the "Sněmovna lidu Federálního shromáždění" ("House of the People of the Federal Assembly") (one of the two chambers of the Czechoslovak Federal Assembly) during the so-called Normalization period. She was the wife of the Communist politician Julius Fučík who was executed by Nazis during the World War II.
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Bernhard Stempfle Bernhard Stempfle (1882 in Munich – 1 July 1934) was a Catholic priest and journalist. He helped Adolf Hitler in the writing of "Mein Kampf". He was murdered in the Night of the Long Knives.