Esther Norma Arrostito (January 17, 1940 – January 15, 1978) was an Argentine political activist and leftist militant, initially close to communist ideology, In 1970, she became one of the founders of the peronist revolutionary movement of which organization, along with Fernando Abal Medina, what was an Argentine leftist terrorist and urban guerrilla group, active during the 1960s and 1970s?
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Esther Norma Arrostito Esther Norma Arrostito (January 17, 1940 – January 15, 1978) was an Argentine political activist and leftist militant, initially close to communist ideology. In 1970, she became one of the founders of the peronist revolutionary movement Montoneros along with Fernando Abal Medina, who developed a romantic relationship with her. She played a key role in the kidnapping and killing of General Pedro Eugenio Aramburu.
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Montoneros Montoneros (Spanish: "Movimiento Peronista Montonero-MPM" ) was an Argentine leftist terrorist and urban guerrilla group, active during the 1960s and 1970s. The name is an allusion to the 19th century cavalry militias, called Montoneras, who fought for the Partido Federal during the Argentine Civil Wars.
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Revolutionary Vanguard Revolutionary Vanguard (in Spanish: "Vanguardia Revolucionaria") was a political party in Peru founded in 1965 by various Marxist groups. Leaders included Ricardo Napurí (who created it after participating to the MIR), César Benavides, Ricardo Letts and Edmundo Murrugarra.
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Secret Anti-Communist Army The Secret Anti-Communist Army (Spanish: "Ejército Secreto Anticomunista" , ESA) was a front organization that operated in Guatemala and El Salvador during the Guatemalan Civil War. Like other earlier organizations, such as the MANO and the CADEG, the ESA existed as a front for a covert program of selective assassination by the Guatemalan security services. The first documentation of it came from the New York Times on 4 August 1977. The ESA made its existence more widely known during the upheaval caused by the September 1978 bus fare strikes in Guatemala City. On 18 October 1978, the ESA authored the first of a series of public bulletins containing "death lists" of persons which the organization considered to be "communists". It claimed to be independent, but was coordinated and staffed by members of the military and security services and was allegedly run by Colonel German Chupina Barahona, Director General of the National Police (PN) from 1978 to 1982. Often, the lists of targets were provided by the Minister of the Interior, Donaldo Alvarez Ruiz.
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National Liberation Army (Peru) The National Liberation Army (abbreviated as ELN, Spanish: Ejército de Liberación Nacional) was a Peruvian guerrilla group. It sought to gather militants regardless of their political affiliation. A short-lived movement that was formed in 1962 and carried out numerous small skirmishes and actions culminating in a seven-month peak of militant actions in 1965, the ELN was largely scattered by the Peruvian Army by December 1965.
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Fuerzas Armadas de la Resistencia Nacional Las Fuerzas Armadas de la Resistencia Nacional (National Resistance Armed Forces) was the military arm of National Resistance, a Salvadoran communist organization that was founded on May 10, 1975 when ideological differences within the ERP (Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo) and the assassinations of Roque Dalton and Armando Arteaga made some members break away from the ERP. Ernesto Jovel was its first general secretary. Other founding members of the RN included Eduardo Sancho (aka Fermán Cienfuegos), Lil Milagro Ramírez, Julia Rodríguez and Arsenio.
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Red Shirts (Mexico) The Red Shirts (Spanish: "Camisas Rojas" ) were a paramilitary organization, existing in the 1930s, founded by the atheist and anti-Catholic anticlerical Governor of Tabasco, Mexico, Tomás Garrido Canabal during his second term. As part of their attempt to destroy the Church, they systematically destroyed church buildings. The group, created to carry out the governor's orders, takes its name from its uniform of red shirts, black pants, and black and red military caps and it consisted of men aged 15 to 30.
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Oposición Sindical Obrera Oposición Sindical Obrera ("Working Class Union Opposition", abbreviated OSO) was a clandestine trade union movement in Spain. OSO was originally tied to the Communist Party of Spain (PCE). Many of its members participated in "vertical union" elections of 1963 in order to infiltrate the official regime union, including Marcelino Camacho. OSO is considered the precedent for the Workers' Commissions (CCOO). In the mid 60's the PCE abandoned the OSO in favour of the more successful CCOO. When the PCE abandoned the organization the PCE (m-l), a 1964 maoist split of the PCE took over the OSO and transformed it in its affiliated union. OSO disappeared in 1977 when it was transformed in the Asociación Obrera Asambleista (AOA).
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Peasant Student Workers Movement The Peasant Student Workers Movement (in Spanish: "Movimiento Obrero Estudiantil Campesino") was a leftist group in Colombia. MOEC was led by Fabio Vásquez Castano. MOEC took part in the formation of the ELN. Its power faded after its leader, student Antonio Larrota, was killed in May 1961.
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Party of the Poor (Mexico) The Party of the Poor (Spanish: "Partido de los Pobres" , the PdlP) was a left-wing political movement and militant group in Mexico operating between 1967 and 1974. Led by the rural schoolteacher Lucio Cabañas, the PdlP – through its armed wing, the Peasants' Justice Brigade (Spanish: "Brigada Campesina de Ajusticiamiento" ) – waged guerrilla warfare against the Mexican government in the mountains of Guerrero.
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Workers Revolutionary Party - Revolutionary Left The Workers Revolutionary Party - Revolutionary Left (Spanish language: "Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores-Izquierda Revolucionaria". PRT-IR) was a Spanish Trotskyist political organization, formed in the summer of 2002 as a result of the merger of the Workers Revolutionary Party (PRT) and the Revolutionary Left (IR). Organizing the struggle for socialism was the main goal of the formation. It was the official section in Spain of the International Workers' League - Fourth International (IWL).
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Communist Action Communist Action (Spanish: "Acción Comunista" , Catalan: "Acció Comunista" ) was a Marxist organisation in Spain founded in exile in 1964, during the Franco dictadorship. The organisation produced a newspaper entitled "Acción Comunista". Among its members were Carlos Semprún and José Antonio Ubierna. In 1970 AC came in contact with workerist organizations like UHP and CRAS (Comunas Revolucionarias de Acción Socialista). In 1976 some of its members, especially in Catalonia, joined the POUM.
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Hassan Zia-Zarifi Hassan Zia-Zarifi (Persian: حسن ضیاظریفی‎ ‎ ; 1939 – 1975) was an Iranian intellectual and one of the ideological founders of the communist guerrilla movement in Iran.
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José Ignacio Rucci José Ignacio Rucci (March 5, 1924 – September 25, 1973) was an Argentine politician and union leader, appointed general secretary of the CGT (General Confederation of Labour) in 1970. Close to the Argentine president Juan Perón, and a chief representative of the "syndical bureaucracy" (the trade-union movement's right wing); he was assassinated in 1973.
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Armed Forces of National Liberation (Venezuela) The Armed Forces of National Liberation (in Spanish: "Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional", FALN) was a Venezuelan guerrilla group of National Liberation Front formed by Communist Party of Venezuela to foment revolution against the democratically elected governments of Rómulo Betancourt and Raul Leoni.
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Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat The Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat (Spanish: "Partido Revolucionario del Proletariado") was a communist political party in Mexico, founded in March 1964 by members of the 'Antonio Gramsci' cell who were expelled from the Bolshevik Communist Party. It was led by Guillermo Rousset Banda.
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Workers' Revolutionary Party (Argentina) The Workers' Revolutionary Party (Spanish: "Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores", PRT) was a Marxist–Leninist political party of Argentina, mainly active in the 1960s and 1970s. Currently there are different groups that claim to be a continuation of the historical PRT.
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People's Front (Argentina) The People's Front (Spanish: "Frente del Pueblo" , abbreviated FREPU) was a political coalition in Argentina, formed ahead of the 1985 parliamentary election. FREPU consisted of the Communist Party of Argentina, Movement for Socialism and a small group of Peronist trade unionists. FREPU obtained around 350,000 votes.
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Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War) The Nationalist faction (Spanish: "Bando nacional" ) or Rebel faction (Spanish: "Bando sublevado" ) was a major faction in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939. It was composed of a variety of political groups that supported the Spanish coup of July 1936 against the Second Spanish Republic, including the Falange, the CEDA, and two rival monarchist claimants: the Alfonsists and the Carlists. In 1937, all the groups were merged into the Falange. One of the main leaders (Spanish: "Caudillo" ) of the 1936 coup, General Francisco Franco, would lead this faction throughout the war and later would become the dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975.
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Communist Party of National Liberation Communist Party of National Liberation (in Galician: "Partido Comunista de Liberación Nacional") was a separatist political party in Galicia, Spain. PCLN was founded on July 25, 1986 by the 22 March Communist Collective ("Colectivo Comunista 22 de marzo"). The collective had been launched earlier by 13 Central Committee members of the Galician People's Union (UPG) left UPG in protest of the decision of the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG, the coalition led by UPG) to participate in the Galician parliament. Front figures of the collective was Mariano Abalo, general secretary of UPG, and Xan Carballo, general secretary of INTG.
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Asociación Obrera Asambleista Asociación Obrera Asambleista (Assemblyist Workers Association, abbreviated AOA) was a trade union movement in Spain. AOA was linked to the Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) and the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front. AOA had its roots in the "Oposición Sindical Obrera" (Workers' Trade Union Opposition). AOA appeared in late 1977. According to a 1977 government statement, AOA was further to the left than all other trade union groups at the time.
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Revolutionary Labour Bloc The Revolutionary Labour Bloc (Spanish: "Bloque Laborista Revolucionario" ) was a grouping in the Senate of Córdoba in Argentina. It was formed after the 1946 election, by four dissident senators from the Peronist bloc; Federico de Uña (chairman of the Unión Obrera del Dulce y Anexos), Carlos Rossini, Godofredo Stauffer (land-owner from Unión Cívica Radical) and Antonio Llorens (who had belonged to UCR).