Some Grindelia fraxinipratensis populations are located inside a United States Department of Energy reservation where what type of testing occurred?
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Grindelia fraxinipratensis Grindelia fraxinipratensis, common name Ash Meadows gumweed, is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is native to the southwestern United States, in Mojave Desert regions in Nye County in Nevada and Inyo County in California. Some of the Nevada populations (including the type locality) lie inside the Nevada Test Site of the United States Atomic Energy Commission
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Nevada Test Site The Nevada National Security Site (N2S2),(though the abbreviation NNSS is still used), previously the Nevada Test Site (NTS), is a United States Department of Energy reservation located in southeastern Nye County, Nevada, about 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the city of Las Vegas. Formerly known as the Nevada Proving Grounds, the site was established on 11 January 1951 for the testing of nuclear devices, covering approximately 1,360 square miles (3,500 km) of desert and mountainous terrain. Nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site began with a 1-kiloton-of-TNT (4.2 TJ) bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat on 27 January 1951. Many of the iconic images of the nuclear era come from the NTS. NNSS is operated by National Security Technologies, LLC, a joint venture of Northrop Grumman, AECOM, CH2M Hill, and Babcock & Wilcox.
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Nevada Test and Training Range The Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) is one of two military training areas used by the United States Air Force Warfare Center at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada. The NTTR land area includes a "simulated Integrated Air Defense System", several individual ranges with 1200 targets, and 4 remote communication sites. The current NTTR area and the range's former areas have been used for aerial gunnery and bombing, for nuclear tests, as a proving ground and flight test area, for aircraft control and warning, and for Blue Flag, Green Flag, and Red Flag exercises.
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Minor Scale Minor Scale was a test conducted on June 27, 1985, by the United States Defense Nuclear Agency (now part of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency) involving the detonation of several thousand tons of conventional explosives to simulate the explosion of a small nuclear bomb. The purpose of the test was to evaluate the effect of nuclear blasts on various pieces of military hardware, particularly new, blast-hardened launchers for the Midgetman ballistic missile.
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Pine Ridge Indian Reservation The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (Lakota: "Wazí Aháŋhaŋ Oyáŋke" ), also called Pine Ridge Agency, is an Oglala Lakota Native American reservation located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. Originally included within the territory of the Great Sioux Reservation, Pine Ridge was established in 1889 in the southwest corner of South Dakota on the Nebraska border. Today it consists of 3,468.85 mi2 of land area and is the eighth-largest reservation in the United States, larger than Delaware and Rhode Island combined.
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GuLF Study The GuLF Study, or Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study, is a five-year research project examining the human-health consequences of the "Deepwater Horizon" oil spill in April 2010. The spill followed an explosion on a drilling rig leased by BP, the British oil company, and led to the release of over four million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, 48 miles off the coast of Louisiana in the United States.
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National Atomic Testing Museum The National Atomic Testing Museum in Las Vegas, Nevada, documents the history of nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) in the desert north of Las Vegas. The museum operates as an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution.
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Kooskia National Fish Hatchery Kooskia National Fish Hatchery is a "mitigation" hatchery located on the Clearwater River within the Nez Perce Indian Reservation near Kooskia, in north-central Idaho. Construction began in 1966 by the Army Corps of Engineers. With funding provided by the United States per a water rights settlement the hatchery is managed and operated by the Nez Perce Tribe. The production goal is to raise and release up to 600,000 juvenile spring Chinook salmon annually.
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List of Superfund sites in Idaho This is a list of Superfund sites in Idaho, United States of America, as designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). CERCLA, passed by Congress in 1980, authorized EPA to create a list of polluted locations requiring a long-term response to clean up hazardous-material contamination. These locations are designated as Superfund sites, and are placed on EPA's National Priorities List (NPL). The NPL guides the EPA in "determining which sites warrant further investigation" for environmental remediation. The industrial sites were areas of mining, heavy metal processing and manufacturing, during a period when processes were inefficient and wastes were dumped, contaminating water and land, with polluting materials also released into the air. In many cases the companies responsible for contamination are no longer in business, and the federal government has had to contribute to clean-up to protect citizens' health.
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Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (福島第一原子力発電所 , Fukushima Daiichi Genshiryoku Hatsudensho ) is a disabled nuclear power plant located on a 3.5 km2 site in the towns of Ōkuma and Futaba in the Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The plant suffered major damage from the magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan on March 11, 2011. The chain of events caused a nuclear meltdown, radiation leaks, and permanently damaged several reactors making them impossible to restart. By political decision, the remaining reactors will not be restarted.
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Grindelia oxylepis Grindelia oxylepis, the Mexican gumweed, is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family. It is native to northern Mexico, in the States of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosí, and Zacatecas. The natural range barely crosses the Río Grande into the United States, with a few populations in western Texas and southern New Mexico
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Grindelia oolepis Grindelia oolepis, the plains gumweed, is a North American species of flowering plants in the daisy family It is native to the south-central United States, having been found only in the State of Texas.
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Operation Argus Operation Argus was a series of United States low-yield, high-atmosphere nuclear weapons tests and missile tests secretly conducted during August and September 1958 over the South Atlantic Ocean. The ARGUS tests took 11 days from start to finish with the first launch on 27 August and the final launch on 6 September. They were performed by the Defense Nuclear Agency, in conjunction with the Explorer 4 space mission. Operation Argus was conducted between the nuclear test series "Operation Hardtack I" and "Operation Hardtack II". Contractors from Lockheed Aircraft Corporation as well as a few personnel and contractors from the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission were on hand as well.
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Desert Biosphere Reserve The Desert Biosphere Reserve and Experimental Range is a biosphere reserve and experimental range in the western reaches of the U.S. state of Utah. The experimental range was established in 1933 when 87 sqmi of public lands were designated "as an agricultural range experiment station" by President Herbert Hoover.
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Kunia Regional SIGINT Operations Center The Kunia Regional SIGINT Operations Center (KRSOC, also pronounced "KER-Sock"), also known as the Kunia Tunnel or the Regional Signals Intelligence Operations Center Kunia, was a United States National Security Agency facility that was located on Kunia Road between Kunia Camp and Wheeler Army Airfield in central Oahu, Hawaii. In 2012, the facility was replaced by the Hawaii Cryptologic Center.
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List of invasive species in the Everglades Invasive species in the Everglades are exotic plants and animals that are not native to the area and have aggressively adapted to conditions in wilderness areas in southern Florida. The Everglades are a massive watershed in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida that drains overflow from the vast shallow Lake Okeechobee that is in turn fed by the Kissimmee River. The overflow forms a very shallow river about 60 mi wide and 100 mi long that travels about half a mile per day. The network of ecosystems created by the Everglades are surrounded by urban areas to the east in the South Florida metropolitan area, to the west by Naples and Fort Myers, and to the south by Florida Bay, a marine environment that receives fresh water from and is maintained by the Everglades. As it is surrounded on three sides and close to a major transportation and shipping center, it is particularly vulnerable to the importation of exotic species.
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Davis Knolls The Davis Knolls ( ) is a system of semi-arid desert hills, situated 9.5 nmi southeast of Dugway, Utah in Skull Valley (Utah). It was extensively studied and mapped by the University of Utah in 1962, under the direction of James Harrill.
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Cypress darter The cypress darter ("Etheostoma proeliare") is a species of darter, a small ray-finned fish in the perch family. It is endemic to fresh waters of the central and eastern United States. Its range includes drainages from the Choctawhatchee River, Florida, to the San Jacinto River, Texas, as well as the Mississippi River basin from southern Illinois and eastern Oklahoma to the Gulf of Mexico. It inhabits vegetated margins of swamps and lakes, and backwater habitats during the summer, while in winter it moves to flooded riffles and backwater bayous. It feeds mostly on small crustaceans, as well as insects and their larvae. Spawning takes place during spring and summer, with clusters of up to three eggs being laid, often stuck to the surface of dead leaves. The cypress darter has a very wide range and its population trend seems to be stable. It is a common species with numerous sub-populations, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
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Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve The Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve, located in the U.S. State of Florida, protects the biological diversity of the Apalachicola Bay as well as the economic value of the natural resources and pristine conditions.
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Divine Strake Divine Strake was the official designation for a large-yield, non-nuclear, high-explosive test that was planned for the Nevada National Security Site, formerly the Nevada Test Site. Following its announcement, the test generated great controversy, centering on two issues: its potential value in developing a nuclear "bunker buster" warhead, and the possibility that the mushroom cloud generated by the explosion could carry large amounts of radioactive dust deposited at the Test Site over years of nuclear testing.
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Aliso Canyon gas leak The Aliso Canyon gas leak (also called Porter Ranch gas leak and Porter Ranch gas blowout) was a massive natural gas leak that was discovered by SoCalGas employees on October 23, 2015. Gas was escaping from a well within the Aliso Canyon's underground storage facility in the Santa Susana Mountains near Porter Ranch, Los Angeles. This second-largest gas storage facility of its kind in the United States belongs to the Southern California Gas Company, a subsidiary of Sempra Energy. On January 6, 2016, Governor Jerry Brown issued a state of emergency. The Aliso gas leak's carbon footprint is said to be larger than the "Deepwater Horizon" leak in the Gulf of Mexico. On February 11, 2016, the gas company reported that it had the leak under control. On February 18, 2016, state officials announced that the leak was permanently plugged.
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Big Cypress Indian Reservation The Big Cypress Indian Reservation is one of the six reservations of the Seminole Tribe of Florida. It is located in southeastern Hendry County and northwestern Broward County, in southern Florida, United States. The reservation lies south of Lake Okeechobee and just north of Alligator Alley. It is governed by the Seminole Tribe of Florida's Tribal Council, and is the largest of the five Seminole reservations in the state. Facilities on the reservation include the tribal museum and a major entertainment and rodeo complex.