What was a branch of the Khalwatiyya order of Islamic mysticism founded by Sayyid Hasan Husameddin, with relations to the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad?
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Ussaki Ushshaki (Turkish: "Uşşaki "Ush-shaki"" ), is a branch of the Khalwatiyya order of Islamic mysticism, also known as "Tasawwuf", founded by Sayyid Hasan Husameddin. Literal translation of his name, Husameddin means the sharp sword of the religion. He was born in 880 A.H. ( 1473 CE) in Bukhara, Uzbekistan. Being the son of a merchant named Hajji Tebaruk, his family lineage extends to Imam Hassan, Caliph Ali, and eventually to the Prophet Muhammed.
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Ali Ali ( ; Arabic: علي‎ , "ʿAlī " ‎ , ] ; 13 Rajab, 21 BH – 21 Ramadan, 40 AH (c. 594 – 29 January 661) was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. He ruled as the fourth caliph from 656 to 661, and was first Imam of Shia Islam from 632 to 661.
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Sultan Walad Baha al-Din Muhammad-i Walad (Persian: بها الدین محمد ولد‎ ‎ ), more popularly known as Sultan Walad (Persian: سلطان ولد‎ ‎ , Turkish: "Sultan Veled" ) was the eldest son of Jalal Al-Din Rumi, Persian poet and Sufi, and one of the founders of the Mawlawiya (Persian: مولویه‎ ‎ ) order.
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Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah (Arabic: محمد أحمد ابن عبد الله; August 12, 1844 – June 22, 1885) was a religious leader of the Samaniyya order in Sudan who, on June 29, 1881, proclaimed himself the Mahdi, the messianic redeemer of the Islamic faith. His proclamation came during a period of widespread resentment among the Sudanese population towards the oppressive policies of the Turco-Egyptian rulers, and capitalized on the messianic beliefs popular among the various Sudanese religious sects of the time. More broadly, the Mahdiyya, as Muhammad Ahmad's movement was called, was influenced by earlier Mahdist movements in West Africa and other forms of Islamic revivalism that developed in reaction to the growing military and economic dominance of the European powers throughout the 19th century.
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Muhammad bin Saud Muhammad ibn Saud (Arabic: محمد بن سعود ‎ ‎ ; died 1765), also known as Ibn Saud, was the emir of Ad-Diriyyah and is considered the founder of the First Saudi State and the Saud dynasty, which are technically named for his father – Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin (died 1725). Ibn Saud's family (then known as the Al Muqrin) traced its descent to the tribe of Banu Audi and Hanifa tribes but, despite popular misconceptions, Muhammad ibn Saud was neither a nomadic bedouin nor was he a tribal leader. Rather, he was the chief ("emir") of an agricultural settlement near modern-day Riyadh, called Diriyah. Furthermore, he was a competent and ambitious desert warrior.
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Muhammad ibn al-Habib Sayyidi Muhammad ibn al-Habib ibn as-Siddiq al-Amghari al-Idrisi al-Husayni (1876 – January 10, 1972) was an Islamic teacher, author, and shaykh of the Darqawa "tariqa" in Morocco.
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Khuwaylid ibn Asad Khuwaylid ibn Asad (Arabic: خويلد بن أسد‎ ‎ ) was a man of Banu Quraysh and mainly recognised as being the father of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, the wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib Ḥārith ibn Abdul-Muṭṭalib (Arabic: حارث بن عبد المطلب‎ ‎ ) was one of the uncles of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Al-Mu'tasim Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Rashīd (Arabic: أبو إسحاق محمد بن هارون الرشيد‎ ‎ ; October 796 – 5 January 842), better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtaṣim bi’llāh (المعتصم بالله , "he who seeks refuge in God"), was the eighth Abbasid caliph, ruling from 833 to his death in 842. A younger son of Harun al-Rashid, he rose to prominence through his formation of a private army composed predominantly of Turkish slave-soldiers ("ghilmān"). This proved useful to his half-brother, Caliph al-Ma'mun, who made use of al-Mu'tasim and his Turkish guard to counterbalance other powerful interest groups in the state, as well as employing them in campaigns against rebels and the Byzantine Empire. When al-Ma'mun died unexpectedly on campaign in August 833, al-Mu'tasim was thus well placed to succeed him, overriding the claims of his nephew, al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun.
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Zayd al-Khayr Zayd al-Khayr was a noted, significant companion of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. Hailing from the tribe of Tayy in northern Nejd. He was originally known as Zayd al-Khayl ("Zayd of the Steeds", a reference to his chivalry), but after becoming Muslim, Muhammad renamed him Zayd al-Khayr ("Zayd of Goodness" or "of Bounty").
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Abdal Abdāl ("lit": substitutes, but which can also mean "generous" ["karīm"] and "noble" ["sharīf"]) is a term used in Islamic metaphysics and Islamic mysticism, both Sunni and Shiite, to refer to a particularly important group of God's saints. In the tradition of Sunni Islam in particular, the concept attained an especially important position in the writings of the Sunni mystics and theologians, whence it appears in the works of Sunni authorities as diverse as Abu Talib al-Makki (d. 956), Ali Hujwiri (d. 1072), Ibn Asakir (d. 1076), Khwaja Abdullah Ansari (d. 1088), and Ibn Khaldun (d. 1406).
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Twelver Twelver (Arabic: اثنا عشرية‎ ‎ , Athnā‘ashariyyah or Ithnā‘ashariyyah; Persian: شیعه دوازده امامی‎ ‎ , ] ) or Imamiyyah (Arabic: إمامية‎ ‎ ) is the largest branch of Shia Islam. Twelver belief is based on the Quran and the message of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad attested in hadith, and on hadith taught by their Imams. The term "Twelver" refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the last Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, lives in occultation and will reappear as the promised Mahdi. According to Shia tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ ("Isa"), who is to assist the "Mahdi" against the "Masih ad-Dajjal" (literally, the "false Messiah" or Antichrist).
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Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Dawud al-Zahiri, also known as Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Dāwūd al-Iṣbahānī, was a medieval theologian and scholar of the Arabic language and Islamic law. He was one of the early propagators of his father Dawud al-Zahiri's method in jurisprudence, Zahirism.
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Salaf Salaf (Arabic: سلف‎ ‎ , "ancestors" or "predecessors"), also often referred to with the honorific expression of "al-salaf al-ṣāliḥ" (Arabic: السلف الصالح‎ ‎ , "the pious predecessors") are often taken to be the first three generations of Muslims, that is the generations of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad and his companions (the Sahabah), their successors (the Tabi‘un), and the successors of the successors (the Taba Tabi‘in).
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Haydar al-Sadr Ayatollah Haydar al-Sadr (Arabic: أية الله حيدر الصدر‎ ‎ ) (1891–1937) was born in Samarra, Iraq. His father, Ismail as-Sadr (d. 1920) was a Grand Ayatollah and the first to be use the as-Sadr surname, which came to be associated with a long line of religious scholarship within Shia Islam. Haydar and the as-Sadr family are also considered as Sayyid, or those who can trace their lineage back to Muhammad (d. 632). The family's lineage is traced through Imam Jafar al-Sadiq and his son Imam Musa al-Kazim the sixth and seventh Shia Imams respectively. This direct and meticulously documented lineage is unprecedented even among the illustrious families in the Islamic world who claim such lineage. The Shia Muslims consider themselves the followers of Muhammad's bloodline, thus a great deal of respect and reverence is paid to the "Sayyids" throughout society. Some of the well known relatives of Haydar al-Sadr include his brother, Sadr al-Din Sadr (d. 1954), his nephew Moussa as-Sadr and another nephew Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr.
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Bani Malik (tribe) Bani Malik (بني مالك) or Banu Malik (بنو مالك) (English: The Sons of Malik ) is one of the major Arab tribes of the Arabian Peninsula. They are descendants of Malik al-AshtarAl-Nakh'ei who fought with Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin of Prophet Mohammad.
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Ali Mirza Safavi "Padeshah" Ali Mirza Safavi succeeded his father Haydar Safavi as leader of the Safaviyya, a Twelver Shi'i militant religious order, in 1488. He was killed in 1494 by order of the Ak Koyunlu leader, Roustam, who viewed his former ally as a growing threat. Ali Mirza's father and grandfather had married into the Ak Koyunlu dynasty: his mother was Alam-Shah Begum, daughter of the Ak Koyunlu leader Uzun Hasan.
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Talib ibn Abi Talib Talib ibn Abi Talib (571–624) was a first cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a brother of the first Imam Ali.
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Batiniyya Batiniyya (Arabic: باطنية‎ , "Bāṭiniyyah " ‎ ) refers to groups that distinguish between an outer, exoteric ("zāhir") and an inner, esoteric ("bāṭin") meaning in Islamic scriptures. The term has been used in particular for an allegoristic type of scriptural interpretation developed among some Shia groups, stressing the "bāṭin" meaning of texts. It has been retained by all branches of Isma'ilism and its Druze offshoots. The Alawites practice a similar system of interpretation. Sunni writers have subsequently used the term polemically in reference to rejection of the evident meaning of scripture in favor of its "bāṭin" meaning. Al-Ghazali, a medieval Sunni theologian, used the term "batiniyya" pejoratively for the adherents of Isma'ilism. Some Shia writers have also used the term polemically. Besides, they'd called Hassan-i Sabbah and Nur al-Din Muhammad II as the head of the Hukumat-ee Malāāhedah-ee Bāṭiniyyah.
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Abu Bakr Ibn Sayyid al-Nās Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Yahya bin Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Sayyid al-Nas al-Ya'mari, better known as Abu Bakr Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, was a Medieval Muslim theologian. He was the grandfather of Fatḥ al-Din Ibn Sayyid al-Nās, though he died before ever meeting his grandson.
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Banu Ukhaidhir The Banu 'l-Ukhaidhir (Arabic: بنو الأخيضر‎ ‎ ) was a dynasty that ruled in Najd and al-Yamamah (central Arabia) from 867 to at least the mid-eleventh century. An Alid dynasty, they were descendents of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah and his grandson Al-Hasan, and at least one contemporary traveler describes them as having been Shi'ites of the Zaydi persuasion. Their capital was known as al-Khidhrimah, which lay near the present-day city of Al-Kharj in Saudi Arabia.
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Burhaniyya The Tariqa Burhāniyya (Arabic: الطريقة البرهانية الدسوقية الشاذلية‎ ‎ "Ṭarīqa al-burhāniyya al-disūqiyya al-šāḏuliyya"; also written "al-Burhāniyya or Burhāniyyah") is an Sufi order founded by Sayyidi Abul Hasan ash-Shadhuli and Sayyidi Ibrahim al Disuqi in the 13th century. The order's full name is Tariqa Burhaniya Disuqiya Shadhuliya, referring to its founders. Burhan-u-din is a surname of Sayyidi Ibrahim al Disuqi and means "evidence of religion". The order has a registered charity in the UK, Tariqa Burhaniya D'suqiyya Shazuliyya (tbds); Registered Charity Number: 1041647.