What city was the Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms found near by in Northern California?
eb6ae714f48d7eab5f8a0748368d1910
Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms (ARMAN) were first discovered in an extremely acidic mine located in northern California (Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain) by Brett Baker in Jill Banfield's laboratory at the University of California Berkeley. These novel groups of archaea named ARMAN-1, ARMAN-2 ("Candidatus" Micrarchaeum acidiphilum ARMAN-2 ), and ARMAN-3 were missed by previous PCR-based surveys of the mine community because the ARMANs have several mismatches with commonly used PCR primers for 16S rRNA genes. Baker "et al." detected them in a later study using shotgun sequencing of the community. The three groups were originally thought to represent three unique lineages deeply branched within the Euryarchaeota, a subgroup of the Archaea. However, this has been revised, based on more complete archaeal genomic tree, that they belong to a super phylum named DPANN. The ARMAN groups now comprise deeply divergent phyla named Micrarchaeota and Parvarchaeota. Their 16S rRNA genes differ by as much as 17% between the three groups. Prior to their discovery all of the Archaea shown to be associated with Iron Mountain belonged to the order Thermoplasmatales (e.g., "Ferroplasma acidarmanus").
1dc0322e337a82eb57a73ceac83771a0
Iron Mountain Mine Iron Mountain Mine, also known as the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain, is a mine near Redding in Northern California, US. Geologically classified as a "massive sulfide ore deposit", the site was mined for iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc and pyrite intermittently from the 1860s until 1963. The mine is the source of extremely acidic mine drainage which also contains large amounts of zinc, copper and cadmium. One of America's most toxic waste sites, it has been listed as a federal Superfund site since 1983.
40e45403c356750312d6ca9339bb9c77
Schmieder Bank Schmieder Bank is a rocky bank west of Point Sur, California, roughly 25 nmi south of Monterey, supporting an extraordinarily lush biological community, including very large individual colonies of the California hydrocoral, "Stylaster californicus".
07ff1d0d4264ab02475e26e6aeaabd6c
Acidovorax facilis Acidovorax facilis is an aerobic, chemoorganotrophic bacterium used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.
cc2d624d24c41c73c0989be44dfbe837
Los Altos, California Los Altos is a city in Santa Clara County, California, in northern Silicon Valley, in the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 28,976 according to the 2010 census.
87f1cf1748c564650302b52da708797c
Acidovorax soli Acidovorax soli is a gram-negative, catalase-negative, oxidase-negative non-motile, rod-shaped aerobic bacterium from the Comamonadaceae family which was isolated from landfill soil in Pohang in Korea. Colonies of "Acidovorax soli" are bright yellow colored.
5ba1e145535843782a0c0cfda701fd54
Delftia acidovorans Delftia acidovorans is a Gram-negative nonspore-forming, aerobe, rod-shaped bacterium known for its ability, together with another bacterium species, "Cupriavidus metallidurans", to produce gold nuggets. Layers of these bacteria dissolve gold into nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are able to move through rocks and soil and can be deposited in new locations in gold ore.
28a5d8d777074eb744257d9bddf77ef5
Exiguobacterium Exiguobacterium is a genus of bacilli and a member of the low GC phyla of Firmicutes. Collins" et al". first described the genus "Exiguobacterium "with the characterization of "E. aurantiacum" strain DSM6208T from an alkaline potato processing plant. It has been found in areas covering a wide range of temperatures (-12C—55C) including glaciers in Greenland and hot springs in Yellowstone, and has been isolated from ancient permafrost in Siberia. This ability to survive in varying temperature extremes makes them an important area of study. Some strains in addition to dynamic thermal adaption are also halotolerant (up to 13% added NaCl added to the medium), can grow within a wide range of pH values (5-11), tolerate high levels of UV radiation, and heavy metal stress (including arsenic).
a213d5ebab4501ecd462052a330e00fa
Sulphur Springs Mountain Sulphur Springs Mountain (or Sulfur Springs Mountain) is a mountain in southwestern Solano County, California. The slopes can be accessed via hiking trails emanating from Blue Rock Springs Park in the city of Vallejo. Cinnabar deposits were extracted from this location in the early 1900s at Hastings Mine and St. John's Mine. Both mines are classified as medium priority mine from the standpoint of environmental oversight for California inactive mines. The highest peak on Sulfur Springs Mountain stands at an elevation of 1112 ft , and affords expansive views of the northern San Francisco Bay as well as the Napa River. The rock outcroppings which occur in the Sulphur Springs area are composed of basaltic lava; however, there are also serpentine outcrops, which soils are known to provide habitat for many rare and endangered species in Northern California.
c2d19cc7f19d79606f5af97fbe0e9f98
Rhodoblastus acidophilus Rhodoblastus acidophilus, formerly known as Rhodopseudomonas acidophila, is a gram-negative purple non-sulfur bacteria. The cells are rod-shaped or ovoid, 1.0 to 1.3 μm wide and 2 to 5 μm long. They are motile by means of polar flagella, and they multiply by budding. The photopigments consist of bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series. All strains can grow either under anaerobic conditions in the light or under microaerophilic to aerobic conditions in the dark.
99f026bae1e02291adf63d6eb4bbe8b2
Richmond Heights, Richmond, California Richmond Heights formerly East Richmond and also known as Mira Vista is a district of eastern Richmond, California in the San Francisco Bay Area.
a52156a46c483f2b557f2f3c84ee1e01
Rhodomicrobium Rhodomicrobium is a microaerobic to anaerobic, purple non-sulfur, cluster-building genus of bacteria. "Rhodomicrobium" use bacteriochlorophyll A and bacteriochlorophyll B for photosynthese and occurs in fresh- and sea-whater and in soil
2f62cc629d923b6c0f100374f2cf2ec1
Chevron Richmond Refinery The Chevron Richmond Refinery is a 2,900 acre petroleum refinery in Richmond, California, on San Francisco Bay. It is owned and operated by Chevron Corporation and employs more than 1,200 workers, making it the city's largest employer. The refinery processes approximately 240000 oilbbl of crude oil a day in the manufacture of petroleum products and other chemicals. The refinery's primary products are motor gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel and lubricants.
1fcdba7867b2c15306a44ecb11232c85
Richmond Pacific Railroad The Richmond Pacific Railroad (reporting mark RPRC) is a terminal railroad owned by the Levin-Richmond Terminal Corporation. The RPRC operates on 2.5 mi of track in the shipping terminal and wharves at Richmond, California.
3d0e3ae32170fad2109c767c0454d813
San Jose, California San Jose ( , Spanish for "Saint Joseph"; ] ), officially the City of San José, is the economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California. With an estimated 2015 population of 1,026,908, it is the third most populous city in California (after Los Angeles and San Diego) and the tenth most populous in United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay. San Jose covers an area of 179.97 mi2 . San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States. San Jose is the largest city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area, which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively.
2d15fd529c8595fb71f10a28cb0f9d53
Verenium Corporation Verenium Corporation is a San Diego, California-based industrial biotechnology company that specializes in the development of high performance enzymes. Verenium's tailored enzymes are environmentally friendly, making products and processes greener and more cost-effective for industries including the global food and fuel markets.
680338668867e7da017681cbfe6dbeff
Overaa Construction Overaa Construction is an American family-owned construction company based in Richmond, California, which provides general contracting and design/build services in Northern California. It is one of the largest contractors in California and is consistently ranked among "ENR"'s top 400 contractors in the US.
a1fc03c76cbad5fa79e2b2feeb6d84b7
RMI Corporation RMI Corporation, formerly Raza Microelectronics, Inc., was a privately held fabless semiconductor company headquartered in Cupertino, California, which specialized in designing system-on-a-chip processors for computer networking (known as network processors) and consumer media applications.
1941c4691e3af2a5071aab38ed0df628
Orange, California Orange is a city located in Orange County, California. It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) north of the county seat, Santa Ana. Orange is unusual in this region because many of the homes in its Old Town District were built prior to 1920. While many other cities in the region demolished such houses in the 1960s, Orange decided to preserve them. The small affluent city of Villa Park is surrounded by the city of Orange. The population was 139,812 as of 2014.
817b2663fd8fcebdd9baa901c73eb32f
Point Potrero Pond Potrero Hills Pond is a small lake in Richmond, California. It was formed from quarrying of hills near Potrero Hills at the Blake Brothers Quarry. It is fed by underground springs. It is now polluted and surrounded by a Chevron Richmond Refinery tank farm.
91281d3e4a170a6cef0339560afb80e7
De Anza High School De Anza High School is a secondary school located in Richmond, California, United States, named after Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza.
d0a3f5de9a39568300235778988e9ecf
Acidiplasma Acidiplasma is a genus in the phylum Euryarchaeota (Archaea).