The designer of the Holy Trinity Church pioneered the use of what material in church building?
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John William Whittaker John William Whittaker (c. 1790 – 3 August 1854) was an English Anglican clergyman. He was born in Manchester, and studied at Bradford Grammar School before going to St John's College, Cambridge. Here he graduated B.A. in 1814, and proceeded to M.A. in 1817, B.D. in 1824, and D.D. in 1830. He was appointed as examining chaplain to Charles Manners-Sutton, Archbishop of Canterbury, who granted him the living of Blackburn, Lancashire in 1822. When Whittaker arrived in Blackburn Anglicanism was in a poor state. There were only three churches in the town, and these were poorly attended. Whittaker embarked on a programme of church building. He also developed education in the town by creating Sunday Schools, and became involved in local politics. One of the churches instigated by Whittaker was Holy Trinity Church, a Commissioners' church designed by his cousin, Edmund Sharpe, who was then at an early stage in his architectural career. It was the largest of the 40 churches that Sharpe designed, and the only one to have transepts. Sharpe's biographer, John Hughes, suggests that the transepts were included at Whittaker's insistence. Hughes describes this church as Sharpe's "pièce de résistance". During the time that Whittaker was vicar of Blackburn, the parish church was rebuilt, and twelve new churches were built in and around to town.
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Edmund Sharpe Edmund Sharpe (31 October 1809 – 8 May 1877) was an English architect, architectural historian, railway engineer, and sanitary reformer. Born in Knutsford, Cheshire, he was educated first by his parents and then at schools locally and in Runcorn, Greenwich and Sedbergh. Following his graduation from Cambridge University he was awarded a travelling scholarship, enabling him to study architecture in Germany and southern France. In 1835 he established an architectural practice in Lancaster, initially working on his own. In 1845 he entered into partnership with Edward Paley, one of his pupils. Sharpe's main focus was on churches, and he was a pioneer in the use of terracotta as a structural material in church building, designing what were known as "pot" churches, the first of which was St Stephen and All Martyrs' Church, Lever Bridge.
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Trinity Episcopal Church (Litchfield, Minnesota) Trinity Episcopal Church is an Episcopal church in Litchfield, Minnesota, United States, built in 1871 in Carpenter Gothic style. It has been attributed to the noted New York architect Richard Upjohn. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 for having local significance in the theme of architecture. It was nominated as a superlative example of Carpenter Gothic design from the mid-19th century.
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Holy Trinity Lutheran Church, Riga Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Latvian: "Svētās Trīsvienības Evaņģēliski luteriskā baznīca" ) is a Lutheran church in Riga, the capital of Latvia. It is a parish church of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia. The church is situated at the address 10 Sarkandaugavas Street.
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St John the Evangelist's Church, Chichester St John the Evangelist's Church is a redundant Anglican church in the cathedral city of Chichester in West Sussex, England. Built in 1812 to the design of James Elmes as a proprietary chapel, the octagonal white-brick "evangelical preaching house" reflects the early 19th-century ideals of the Church of England's evangelical wing before High church movements such as the Cambridge Camden Society changed ideas on church design. The Diocese of Chichester declared it redundant in 1973. Although worship no longer takes place in the building, its theatre-like design has made it a popular venue for concerts and musical events. The church is a Grade I Listed building.
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St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin Saint Patrick's Cathedral () in Dublin, Ireland, founded in 1191, is the National Cathedral of the Church of Ireland. With its 43 m spire, St. Patrick's is the tallest church in Ireland and the largest. Christ Church Cathedral, also a Church of Ireland cathedral in Dublin, is designated as the local Cathedral of the diocese of Dublin and Glendalough.
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Holy Trinity Church, Longlevens Holy Trinity Church is a grade II listed Church of England church in Longlevens, Gloucester. It was designed by Howard Stratton Davis and built in 1933–1934 in a fifteenth-century perpendicular Gothic style. It includes German and Dutch stained glass that was transferred from the Church of St Luke, High Orchard, Gloucester, after that church was demolished in 1934.
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Trinity Congregational Church, Arundel Trinity Congregational Church, later known as Union Chapel, is a former place of worship for Congregationalists and Independent Christians in Arundel, an ancient town in the Arun district of West Sussex, England. Protestant Nonconformism has always been strong in the town, and the chapel's founding congregation emerged in the 1780s. After worshipping elsewhere in the town, they founded the present building in the 1830s and remained for many years. Former pastors included the poet George MacDonald. Robert Abraham's distinctive neo-Norman/Romanesque Revival building was converted into a market in the 1980s and has been renamed Nineveh House. The church is a Grade II Listed building.
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Cathedral of the Holy Spirit, Palmerston North The Cathedral of the Holy Spirit is the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Palmerston North, New Zealand. It was opened in 1925 as St Patrick's Church and was rededicated to the Holy Spirit as the cathedral when the diocese was established in 1980. In 1988 the cathedral was renovated, added to and reordered. The building was designed by the notable architect Frederick de Jersey Clere. The building was designated a Category 1 historic place by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust in 1990.
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St Matthew's Church, Preston St Matthew's Church, is in New Hall Lane, Preston, Lancashire, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Preston, the archdeaconry of Lancaster, and the diocese of Blackburn. The church was built in 1881–83 to a design by James Hibbert. In 1932–33 Henry Paley of the Lancaster practice of Austin and Paley added a chapel and vestries and completed the chancel at a cost of £2,637 ( ). The plan of the church consists of a nave, north and south aisles, a chancel with a canted apse, and a porch treated as a transept. Hartwell and Pevsner in the "Buildings of England" series comment that it is "an interesting building by the architect of the Harris Museum.
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Trinity Episcopal Church (Wilmington, Delaware) Trinity Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church located at 1108 N. Adams Street in Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was designed by noted architect Theophilus P. Chandler, and built in 1890. It is constructed of grayish white "Avondale" limestone laid in random coursed rock-faced ashlar blocks in the Gothic Revival style. It features pointed arch windows and doors, a high spire, the additional pinnacles on the side of the building, and buttresses. The parish house and rectory were added to the church in 1911 and the chapel was added in 1949. An adjacent brick three story rowhouse, known as Harris House, is attached to the complex by a second story walkway.
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St. John's Episcopal Church (Cleveland, Ohio) St. John's Episcopal Church is located at 2600 Church Street in the Ohio City neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio. St. John's is the oldest consecrated building in Cuyahoga county. This stone gothic revival church building was designed by Hezekiah Eldredge and built beginning in 1836 and was completed 1838. Eldridge was probably familiar with John Henry Hopkins' "An Essay on Gothic Architecture", the first book on Gothic ecclesiastical architecture to be published in the United States. St. John's is a good representative of a small group of American churches inspired by Hopkins' book.
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Masonry Masonry is the building of structures from individual units, which are often laid in and bound together by mortar; the term "masonry" can also refer to the units themselves. The common materials of masonry construction are brick, building stone such as marble, granite, travertine, and limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, and cob. Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can substantially affect the durability of the overall masonry construction. A person who constructs masonry is called a mason or bricklayer.
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Cistercian architecture Cistercian architecture is a style of architecture associated with the churches, monasteries and abbeys of the Roman Catholic Cistercian Order. It was headed by Abbot Bernard of Clairvaux (d. 1153), who believed that churches should avoid superfluous ornamentation so as not to distract from the religious life. Cistercian architecture was simple and utilitarian. Although images of religious subjects were allowed in very limited instances, such as the crucifix, many of the more elaborate figures that commonly adorned medieval churches were not. Their capacity for distracting monks was criticised in a famous letter by Bernard. Early Cistercian architecture shows a transition between Romanesque and Gothic architecture. Later abbeys were also constructed in Renaissance and Baroque styles, though by then simplicity is rather less evident.
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Trinity Episcopal Church (Buffalo, New York) Trinity Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal church complex located at Buffalo in Erie County, New York. The oldest part of the complex was built in 1869 as the Gothic Revival style Christ Chapel; it was later redesigned in 1913. The main church was constructed in 1884-1886 in the Victorian Gothic style and features stained glass windows designed by John LaFarge and Tiffany studios. The parish house, designed by Cram, Goodhue & Ferguson, was constructed in 1905.
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Holy Trinity Church, Warsaw The Holy Trinity Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession (Polish: "Kościół Świętej Trójcy" ), also known as Zug's Protestant Church (Polish: "Zbór Zuga" ) is a Lutheran church in Warsaw, Poland. This is one of two Augsburg Evangelical churches in Warsaw. Designed and constructed by Szymon Bogumił Zug, it is one of the largest churches in Warsaw and one of the most notable for its design.
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Samuel Sanders Teulon Samuel Sanders Teulon (2 March 1812 – 2 May 1873) was a 19th-century English Gothic Revival architect, noted for his use of polychrome brickwork, and the complex planning of his buildings.
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Holy Trinity Church, Coventry Holy Trinity Church, Coventry, is a parish church of the Church of England located in Coventry City Centre, West Midlands, England.
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Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity is the cathedral for the Church of England Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe. Located in Cathedral Square, it is sometimes referred to simply as Gibraltar Cathedral, although it should not be confused with the Cathedral of St. Mary the Crowned, which is Gibraltar's Roman Catholic cathedral. The cathedral is particularly notable for its Moorish revival architecture, particularly in its use of horseshoe arches. This is an architectural style inspired by Moorish architecture, appropriate given the period of Moorish control in Gibraltar's history.
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William Swinden Barber William Swinden Barber FRIBA (29 March 1832 – 26 November 1908), also W. S. Barber or W. Swinden Barber, was an English Gothic Revival and Arts and Crafts architect, specialising in modest but finely furnished Anglican churches. The Barber churches often had crenellated bell-towers. He was based in Brighouse and Halifax in the West Riding of Yorkshire. At least 15 surviving examples of his work are Grade II listed buildings including his 1875 design for the Victoria Cross at Akroydon. An 1864 portrait by David Wilkie Wynfield depicts him in Romantic garb, holding a flower. He served in the Artists Rifles regiment in the 1860s alongside Wynfield and other contemporary artists.
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Trinity Episcopal Church (Mobile, Alabama) Trinity Episcopal Church is a historic church in Mobile, Alabama, United States. It was the first large Gothic Revival church built in Alabama. The building was designed by architects Frank Wills and Henry Dudley.
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John Howell &amp; Son John Howell & Son, known as John Howell, was the leading building and engineering company in Hastings, Sussex in the 1860s. Its founder, John Howell Senior (ca.1825−1893) engineered churches and other public buildings in the area to the designs of innovative architects, including Holy Trinity Church in 1860 to the design of Samuel Sanders Teulon, and St Johns Church, Hollington in 1865−1868 for Edward Alexander Wyon. John Howell Junior (1851−1903) constructed the old Gothic Revival Hastings Grammar School building to the design of Jeffery and Skiller in 1883. Howell Senior was a campaigner on behalf of the Liberal Party and held a prominent political position in the town from the 1860s to the 1880s. He came to Hastings as a fatherless boy, but was the Mayor of Hastings by 1878.