What is the birthdate of this Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister, and who ruled Italy as "II Duce" from 1922 to 1943?
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Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals The Manifesto of Fascist Intellectuals ("Manifesto degli Intellettuali del Fascismo", ] ), by the actualist philosopher Giovanni Gentile, formally establishes the political and ideologic foundations of Italian Fascism. It justifies the political violence of the Blackshirt paramilitaries of the National Fascist Party (PNF — "Partito Nazionale Fascista"), in the revolutionary realisation of Italian Fascism as the authoritarian and totalitarian rėgime of Prime Minister Benito Mussolini, who ruled Italy as "Il Duce" ("The Leader"), from 1922 to 1943.
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Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini ( ; ] ; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist and leader of the National Fascist Party ("Partito Nazionale Fascista"; PNF), ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943—constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship.
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Vittorio Tur Vittorio Tur (30 March 1882 – 22 October 1969) was an Italian admiral during World War II.
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Bruno Dettori Bruno Dettori ( Sassari, 22 December 1941- ) is an Italian politician.
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Ernesto Rossi (politician) Ernesto Rossi (August 25, 1897 – February 9, 1967) was an Italian politician, journalist and anti-fascist activist. His ideas contributed to the Partito d'Azione, and subsequently the Partito Radicale. He was co-author of the Ventotene Manifesto.
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Georges Clemenceau Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (] ; 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French politician, physician, and journalist who was Prime Minister of France during the First World War. A leader of the Radical Party, he played a central role in the politics of the French Third Republic.
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Enrico Baroni Enrico Baroni (November 24, 1892 – June 28, 1940) was an Italian naval officer during World War II.
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Nikolaos Plastiras Nikolaos Plastiras (Greek: Νικόλαος Πλαστήρας ; 4 November 1883  – 26 July 1953) was a Greek general and politician, who served thrice as Prime Minister of Greece. A distinguished soldier and known for his personal bravery, he was known as "The Black Rider" during the Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922. After the Greek defeat in the war, along with other Venizelist officers he staged a coup against King Constantine I of Greece and his government. The military-led government ruled until January 1924, when power was handed over to an elected National Assembly, which later declared the Second Hellenic Republic. In the interwar period, Plastiras remained a devoted Venizelist and republican. Trying to avert the rise of the royalist People's Party and the restoration of the monarchy, he led two coup attempts in 1933 and 1935, both of which failed, forcing him to exile in France.
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Galeazzo Ciano Gian Galeazzo Ciano, 2nd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari (] ; 18 March 1903 – 11 January 1944) was Foreign Minister of Fascist Italy from 1936 until 1943 and Benito Mussolini's son-in-law. On 11 January 1944, Count Ciano was shot by firing squad at the behest of his father-in-law, Mussolini, under pressure from Nazi Germany. Ciano wrote and left behind a diary that has been used as a source by several historians, including William Shirer in his "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich" and in the 4-hour HBO documentary-drama "Mussolini and I".
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Ezio Maria Gray Ezio Maria Gray (born 9 October 1885 in Novara, Piedmont – died 8 February 1969 in Rome) was an Italian politician and journalist.
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Fabrizio Cicchitto Fabrizio Cicchitto (Rome, 26 October 1940) is an Italian politician.
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Alfredo Covelli Alfredo Covelli (February 22, 1914 – December 25, 1998) was an Italian politician, the leader of the Monarchist National Party.
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Enrico De Nicola Enrico De Nicola, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'OMRI', '4': "} (] ; 9 November 1877 – 1 October 1959) was an Italian jurist, journalist, politician, and provisional Head of State of republican Italy from 1946 to 1948. Afterwards, he became the first President of Italy on 1 January 1948.
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Giulio Andreotti Giulio Andreotti {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'OMI SMOM OCSG OESSH', '4': "} (] ; 14 January 1919 – 6 May 2013) was an Italian politician and statesman who served as the 41st Prime Minister of Italy and leader of the Christian Democracy party; he is the sixth longest-serving Prime Minister since the Italian Unification and the second longest-serving post-war Prime Minister, after Silvio Berlusconi. Andreotti is widely considered the most powerful and prominent politician of the so-called First Republic.
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Sidney Sonnino Baron Sidney Costantino Sonnino (11 March 1847 – 24 November 1922) was an Italian politician. He was the 19th Prime Minister of Italy and twice served briefly as one, in 1906 and again from 1909 to 1910. He also was the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs during the First World War, representing Italy at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.
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Giuseppe Bottai Giuseppe Bottai (3 September 1895 – 9 January 1959) was an Italian journalist, and member of the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini.
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Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli Giuseppe Cobolli Gigli (28 May 1892 in Trieste – 22 July 1987 in Malnate) was an Italian politician, member of Benito Mussolini's fascist government from 1935 to 1939 as minister of Public Works.
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Alessandro Pavolini Alessandro Pavolini (27 September 1903 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and essayist, notable for his involvement in the Fascist government, during World War II, and also, for his cruelty against the opponents of fascism.
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Pope John Paul II in popular culture As one of the best known and well-travelled persons of the 20th century, there are many cultural references to Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005), who reigned as the 264th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City from 16 October 1978, until his death, almost 27 years later, making his the second-longest pontificate after Pius IX's 31-year reign. In addition to his own extensive writings, many films, television programs, books, and journal articles have been written about John Paul II.
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Pietro Badoglio Marshal Pietro Badoglio, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba, 1st Marquess of Sabotino (] ; 28 September 1871 – 1 November 1956), was an Italian general during both World Wars and a Prime Minister of Italy, as well as the first viceroy of Italian East Africa.
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Clemente Mastella Mario Clemente Mastella (born 5 February 1947) is an Italian politician. He is the leader of Union of Democrats for Europe, a minor centrist Italian party. He was Minister of Labour in the Berlusconi government from 10 May 1994 to 17 January 1995, and Minister of Justice in the Prodi government from 17 May 2006 to 17 January 2008. In addition Mastella is also mayor of his native town, Ceppaloni. He was elected to the European Parliament in June 2009 on the list of The People of Freedom of Berlusconi.
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Antonio Martino Antonio Martino (born December 22, 1942) is an Italian politician, who was the minister of foreign affairs in 1994 and minister of defense from 2001 to 2006. He is a founding member of Forza Italia.