What year was Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot's 118-page French book published?
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Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (] ; 1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French military engineer and physicist, often described as the "father of thermodynamics". In his only publication, the 1824 monograph "Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire", Carnot gave the first successful theory of the maximum efficiency of heat engines. Carnot's work attracted little attention during his lifetime, but it was later used by Rudolf Clausius and Lord Kelvin to formalize the second law of thermodynamics and define the concept of entropy.
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Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire and on Machines Fitted to Develop that Power is a book published in 1824 by French physicist Sadi Carnot. The 118-page book's French title was "Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres à développer cette puissance". It is a significant publication in the history of thermodynamics about a generalized theory of heat engines.
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In Search of Lost Time In Search of Lost Time (French: À la recherche du temps perdu ) – previously also translated as Remembrance of Things Past – is a novel in seven volumes, written by Marcel Proust (1871–1922). It is considered to be his most prominent work, known both for its length and its theme of involuntary memory, the most famous example being the "episode of the madeleine" which occurs early in the first volume. It gained fame in English in translations by C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin as "Remembrance of Things Past", but the title "In Search of Lost Time", a literal rendering of the French, has gained usage since D. J. Enright adopted it for his revised translation published in 1992.
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Pierre Camille Le Moine Pierre Camille Le Moine (1723–1800), an archivist at Toul Cathedral and then in Lyon was the author of the first printed French monograph entirely devoted to archives and archival management and description, the influential "Diplomatique pratique" (1765) which advocated the classification of documents by topics rather than in chronological order which had been the standard up until that time.
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Charles-Georges Le Roy Charles-Georges Le Roy or Leroy (22 July 1723, Paris – 11 November 1789, Paris) was a French man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment and the author of one of the first books on human behavior.
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Serbian Blue Book The Serbian Blue Book is a collection of 52 Serbian diplomatic documents regarding events between 29 June and 6 August 1914, a period including the aftermath of the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (the July Crisis) and the beginning of World War I, published by the Government of the Kingdom of Serbia on 18 November 1914. It includes correspondence between Serbian ministers and diplomats, Serbia and Russia (including royal), Austria-Hungary, and Germany. It was published in French translation in 1914, and English translation by the British Foreign Office in "Collected Diplomatic Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the European War", and also American Association for International Conciliation, in 1915.
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The Order of Things The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences (French: "Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines" ) is a 1966 book by the French philosopher Michel Foucault. It was translated into English and published by Pantheon Books in 1970. (Foucault had preferred "L'Ordre des Choses" for the original French title, but changed the title because it had been used by two structuralist works published immediately prior to Foucault's).
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Marie Louise Mignot Marie Louise Mignot (1712–1790) was a French literary figure. She was the daughter of Voltaire's sister, Catherine Arouet (1686–1726) and her husband Pierre-François Mignot (d. 1737). After the death of her widowed father in 1737, Voltaire provided her with a dowry and she married army supply officer Nicolas-Charles Denis, giving rise to her married name of Madame Denis. After her husband's premature death in 1744, she was taken in by Voltaire and became his housekeeper, hostess and companion. She also adopted his protégée Reine Philiberte de Varicourt when the latter's marriage to the marquis de Villette foundered on his homosexuality.
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Un roi sans divertissement Un roi sans divertissement ("a king without distraction") is a 1947 novel by the French writer Jean Giono. The narrative is set between 1843 and 1848 in the French Prealps and follows a police officer who discovers unpleasant truths about himself during a murder investigation. It was the first book by Giono to be published after World War II and marks the beginning of a new phase in the author's oeuvre.
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Émilie du Châtelet Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise Du Châtelet (] ; 17 December 1706  – 10 September 1749) was a French natural philosopher, mathematician, physicist, and author during the early 1730s until her untimely death due to childbirth in 1749. Her most recognized achievement is her translation of and commentary on Isaac Newton's book "Principia" containing basic laws of physics. The translation, published posthumously in 1759, is still considered the standard French translation today. Her commentary includes a profound contribution to Newtonian mechanics—the postulate of an additional conservation law for total energy, of which kinetic energy of motion is one element.
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Traité de mécanique céleste Traité de mécanique céleste is a five-volume treatise on celestial mechanics written by Pierre-Simon Laplace and published from 1798 to 1825 with a second edition in 1829. In 1842, the government of Louis Philippe gave a grant of 40,000 francs for a 7-volume national edition of the "Oeuvres de Laplace" (1843–1847); the "Traité de mécanique céleste" with its four supplements occupies the first 5 volumes.
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The Poverty of Philosophy The Poverty of Philosophy ( "Misère de la philosophie") is a book by Karl Marx published in Paris and Brussels in 1847, where he lived in exile from 1843 until 1849. It was originally written in French as an answer to the economic and philosophical arguments of French anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon set forth in his 1846 book "The System of Economic Contradictions, or The Philosophy of Poverty."
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The Immoralist The Immoralist (French: L'Immoraliste ) is a novel by André Gide, published in France in 1902.
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Introduction to the Devout Life Introduction to the Devout Life (French: "Introduction à la vie dévote") is a book written by Saint Francis de Sales, the first edition being published in 1609. The final edition was published in 1619, prior to the death of Francis in 1622. It enjoyed wide popularity, and was well received in both Protestant and Catholic circles, evidenced by its translation into all major languages of the day. It is typically categorized as a form of reading known as lectio divina ("divine reading"), based on the Christian monastic practice of spiritual reading. Like "The Imitation of Christ" by Thomas a Kempis, it is considered a spiritual classic in the Christian tradition. The work is also used as a guide in Christian spiritual direction.
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Jacques the Fatalist Jacques the Fatalist and his Master (French: "Jacques le fataliste et son maître" ) is a novel by Denis Diderot, written during the period 1765-1780. The first French edition was published posthumously in 1796, but it was known earlier in Germany, thanks to Goethe's partial translation, which appeared in 1785 and was retranslated into French in 1793, as well as Mylius's complete German version of 1792.
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Colonialism and Neocolonialism Colonialism and Neocolonialism by Jean-Paul Sartre (first published in French in 1964) is a controversial and influential critique of French policies in Algeria. It argues for French disengagement from its former Overseas Empire and controversially defending the rights of violent resistance by groups such as the Algerian FLN in order to achieve this.
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The History of Sexuality The History of Sexuality (French: "" ) is a three-volume study of sexuality in the western world by the French historian and philosopher Michel Foucault, in which the author examines the emergence of "sexuality" as a discursive object and separate sphere of life and argues that the notion that every individual has a sexuality is a relatively recent development in Western societies. The first volume, "The Will to Knowledge" ("La volonté de savoir"), was first published in 1976; an English translation appeared in 1978. "The Use of Pleasure" ("l'usage des plaisirs"), and "The Care of the Self" ("le souci de soi"), were published in 1984.
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Gaston Paris Bruno Paulin Gaston Paris (9 August 1839 – 5 March 1903) was a French writer and scholar. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901, 1902 and 1903.
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Jean Chardin Jean Chardin (16 November 1643 – 5 January 1713), born Jean-Baptiste Chardin, and also known as Sir John Chardin, was a French jeweller and traveller whose ten-volume book "The Travels of Sir John Chardin" is regarded as one of the finest works of early Western scholarship on Persia and the Near East in general.
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French Studies French Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for French Studies. It was established in 1947 and covers all periods of French and francophone literature and culture. Articles are published in English or French. The journal is accompanied by a sister publication for shorter articles called "The French Studies Bulletin".
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Emile, or On Education Emile, or On Education or Émile, or Treatise on Education (French: "Émile, ou De l’éducation" ) is a treatise on the nature of education and on the nature of man written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who considered it to be the "best and most important" of all his writings. Due to a section of the book entitled "Profession of Faith of the Savoyard Vicar", "Emile" was banned in Paris and Geneva and was publicly burned in 1762, the year of its first publication. During the French Revolution, "Emile" served as the inspiration for what became a new national system of education.
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The Mighty Orinoco The Mighty Orinoco (French: "Le Superbe Orénoque" ) is a novel by French writer Jules Verne (1828–1905), first published in 1898 as a part of the Voyages Extraordinaires. It tells the story of young Jeanne's journey up the Orinoco River in Venezuela with her protector, Sergeant Martial, in order to find her father, Colonel de Kermor, who disappeared some years before.