W;hat ancient Greek philosopher died in 322 BC had testimony used in "On The Nature of Man"?
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On the Nature of Man On the Nature of Man is a work in the Hippocratic Corpus. "On the Nature of Man" is attributed to Polybus, the son in law and disciple of Hippocrates, through a testimony from Aristotle's "History of Animals". However, as with the many other works of the Hippocratic Corpus, the authorship is regarded as dubious in origin.
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History of Animals History of Animals (Greek: Τῶν περὶ τὰ ζῷα ἱστοριῶν , Ton peri ta zoa historion, "Inquiries on Animals"; Latin: "Historia Animālium" "History of Animals") is one of the major texts on biology by the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who had studied at Plato's Academy in Athens. It was written in the fourth century BC; Aristotle died in 322 BC.
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Aristo of Chios Aristo of Chios (Greek: Ἀρίστων ὁ Χῖος "Ariston ho Chios"; fl. c. 260 BC) was a Stoic philosopher and colleague of Zeno of Citium. He outlined a system of Stoic philosophy that was, in many ways, closer to earlier Cynic philosophy. He rejected the logical and physical sides of philosophy endorsed by Zeno and emphasized ethics. Although agreeing with Zeno that Virtue was the supreme good, he rejected the idea that morally indifferent things such as health and wealth could be ranked according to whether they are naturally preferred. An important philosopher in his day, his views were eventually marginalized by Zeno's successors.
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Crates of Athens Crates of Athens (Greek: Κράτης ὁ Ἀθηναῖος; died 268–264 BC ) was the son of Antigenes of the Thriasian deme, the pupil and eromenos of Polemo, and his successor as "scholarch" of the Platonic Academy, in 270/69 BC. The intimate friendship of Crates and Polemo was celebrated in antiquity, and Diogenes Laërtius has preserved an epigram of the poet Antagoras, according to which the two friends were united after death in one tomb. The epigram, according to him, reads:
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Eudoxus of Cnidus Eudoxus of Cnidus ( ; Greek: Εὔδοξος ὁ Κνίδιος , "Eúdoxos ho Knídios"; c. 390– c. 337 BC) was a Greek astronomer, mathematician, scholar and student of Plato. All of his works are lost, though some fragments are preserved in Hipparchus' commentary on Aratus's poem on astronomy. Theodosius of Bithynia's important work, "Sphaerics", may be based on a work of Eudoxus.
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Antiphon brother of Plato Antiphon (Ancient Greek: Ἀντιφῶν ) was a man of ancient Greece who was the youngest brother of the philosopher Plato. His name the philosopher immortalized in his dialogue "Parmenides". The father of Plato's wife was likewise named Antiphon.
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Philo Philo of Alexandria ( ; Greek: Φίλων , "Philōn"; Hebrew: ידידיה הכהן‎ ‎ , "Yedidia (Jedediah) HaCohen"; c. 20 BCE – c. 50 CE), also called Philo Judaeus, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.
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Hippocrates Hippocrates of Kos ( ; Greek: Ἱπποκράτης ὁ Κῷος ; "Hippokrátēs ho Kṓos"; 460 – 370 BC), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is sometimes referred to as the "Father of Early Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields with which it had traditionally been associated (theurgy and philosophy), thus establishing medicine as a profession.
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Aristocreon Aristocreon (Greek: Ἀριστοκρέων ; fl. 200 BC) was a Stoic philosopher and the nephew of Chrysippus.
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Satyrus the Peripatetic Satyrus (Greek: Σάτυρος ) of Callatis was a distinguished peripatetic philosopher and historian, whose biographies ("Lives") of famous people are frequently referred to by Diogenes Laërtius and Athenaeus. He came from Callatis Pontica, as we learn from a Herculaneum papyrus. He lived earlier than the reign of Ptolemy VI Philometor (181–146 BC) when his "Lives" were epitomized by Heraclides Lembus, probably during the 3rd century BC. Athenaeus frequently refers to him as a Peripatetic, but his connection to the Peripatetic school is otherwise unknown. His biographies dealt with many eminent people including kings (Dionysius the Younger, Philip), statesmen (Alcibiades), orators (Demosthenes), poets (Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides), and philosophers (Bias of Priene, Chilon of Sparta, Pythagoras, Empedocles, Zeno of Elea, Anaxagoras, Socrates, Diogenes, Anaxarchus, Stilpo). He also wrote on the population of Alexandria, and a work "On Characters" (Περὶ χαρακτήρων ). Fragments of his biography of the Athenian dramatist Euripides were found at the end of a papyrus scroll discovered at Oxyrhynchus in the early twentieth century.
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Western philosophy Western philosophy is the philosophical thought and work of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with Hellenic (i.e. Greek) philosophy of the Pre-Socratics such as Thales (c. 624 – c. 546 BC) and Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC), and eventually covering a large area of the globe. The word "philosophy" itself originated from the Hellenic: "philosophia" (φιλοσοφία), literally, "the love of wisdom" (φιλεῖν "philein", "to love" and σοφία "sophia", "wisdom").
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Archelaus (philosopher) Archelaus ( ; Greek: Ἀρχέλαος ; fl. 5th century BCE) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, a pupil of Anaxagoras, and may have been a teacher of Socrates. He asserted that the principle of motion was the separation of hot from cold, from which he endeavoured to explain the formation of the Earth and the creation of animals and humans.
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Antiphon (arsonist) Antiphon (Ancient Greek: Ἀντιφῶν ) of Athens was contemporary of the orator Demosthenes. For some offense his name was removed from the list of Athenian citizens, whereupon he went to Philip of Macedonia. He pledged himself to the king, that he would destroy by fire the Athenian arsenal in Piraeus; but when he arrived there with this intention, he was arrested by Demosthenes and accused of treachery. He was found guilty, and put to death in 342 BCE.
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Philonides of Laodicea Philonides (Greek: Φιλωνίδης, c. 200 – c. 130 BCE) of Laodicea in Syria, was an Epicurean philosopher and mathematician who lived in the Seleucid court during the reigns of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Demetrius I Soter.
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Hermogenes (philosopher) Hermogenes (Greek: Ἑρμογένης ; fl. 5th–4th century BC) was an ancient Athenian philosopher best remembered as a close friend of Socrates as depicted by Plato and Xenophon.
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Diogenes of Apollonia Diogenes of Apollonia ( ; Greek: Διογένης ὁ Ἀπολλωνιάτης ; fl. 5th century BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, and was a native of the Milesian colony Apollonia in Thrace. He lived for some time in Athens. His doctrines are known chiefly from Diogenes Laërtius and Simplicius. He believed air to be the one source of all being, and, as a primal force, to be intelligent. All other substances are derived from it by condensation and rarefaction. Aristotle has preserved a long passage by Diogenes concerning the organization of the blood vessels.
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Pre-Socratic philosophy Pre-Socratic philosophy is ancient Greek philosophy before Socrates and schools contemporary to Socrates that were not influenced by him. In Classical antiquity, the Presocratic philosophers were called "physiologoi" (Greek: φυσιόλογοι ; in English, physical or natural philosophers). Aristotle called them "physikoi" ("physicists", after "physis", "nature") because they sought natural explanations for phenomena, as opposed to the earlier "theologoi" (theologians), whose philosophical basis was supernatural. Diogenes Laërtius divides the "physiologoi" into two groups: Ionian, led by Anaximander, and the Italiote, led by Pythagoras.
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Apollonius of Acharnae Apollonius (Ancient Greek: Απολλώνιος ) of Acharnae was a heortologist and writer of ancient Greece who lived in the late 2nd century BCE. He was the author of a work on the festivals, "On the Festivals" (Περὶ ἑορτῶν).
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Dionysius of Chalcedon Dionysius of Chalcedon (fl. 320 BC ) was a Greek philosopher and dialectician connected with the Megarian school. He was a native of Chalcedon on the coast of Bithynia. Dionysius was the person who first used the name "Dialecticians" to describe a splinter group within the Megarian school "because they put their arguments into the form of question and answer". One area of activity for the dialecticians was the framing of definitions, and Aristotle criticises a definition of life by Dionysius in his "Topics":
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Callicles Callicles ( ; Greek: Καλλικλῆς ; c. 484 – late 5th century BCE) was an ancient Athenian political philosopher best remembered for his role in Plato’s dialogue "Gorgias", where he "presents himself as a no-holds-barred, bare-knuckled, clear-headed advocate of "Realpolitik". While he provides a counter-argument to Plato’s philosophical ideas, there is belief that he may be no more than a character created by Plato for the dialogue. Another idea proposed is that Callicles is a fragment of what Plato may be, had he not Socrates to guide him. He is the antithesis to Socrates.
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Polybius Polybius ( ; Greek: Πολύβιος , "Polýbios"; c. 200  – c. 118  BC) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic period noted for his work, "The Histories", which covered the period of 264–146 BC in detail. The work describes the rise of the Roman Republic to the status of dominance in the ancient Mediterranean world and included his eyewitness account of the Sack of Carthage in 146 BC. Polybius is important for his analysis of the mixed constitution or the separation of powers in government, which was influential on Montesquieu's "The Spirit of the Laws" and the framers of the United States Constitution.
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On Length and Shortness of Life On Length and Shortness of Life (or "On Longevity and Shortness of Life"; Greek: Περὶ μακροβιότητος καὶ βραχυβιότητος, Latin: "De longitudine et brevitate vitae") is a text by the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle and one of the "Parva Naturalia".