Masaji Kitano was what rank when Unit 731 carried out the most notorious war crimes in Manchukuo?
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Masaji Kitano Masaji Kitano (北野政次 July 14, 1894 – May 17, 1986) was a medical doctor, microbiologist and the lieutenant general of the Imperial Japanese Army. He was the second commander of Unit 731, a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes carried out by Japanese personnel.
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Unit 731 Unit 731 (Japanese: 731部隊 , Hepburn: Nana-san-ichi Butai ) was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) of World War II. It was responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes carried out by Japan. Unit 731 was based at the Pingfang district of Harbin, the largest city in the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo (now Northeast China).
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Nakano School The Nakano School (陸軍中野学校 , Rikugun Nakano Gakkō ) was the primary training center for military intelligence operations by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
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Controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine There are major controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine, a Japanese Shinto shrine to war dead who served the Emperor of Japan during wars from 1867–1951. This eligibility includes civilians in service and government officials. Yasukuni is a shrine to house the dead as "kami", or "spirits/souls". This activity is claimed to be merely a religious matter due to the separation of State Shinto and the Japanese Government. The priesthood at the shrine has complete religious autonomy to decide to whom and how enshrinement may occur. It is thought that enshrinement is permanent and irreversible by the current clergy. Due to the enshrinement of individuals found to be war criminals by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and an approach to the war museum considered by some to be nationalist, China, South Korea, North Korea and Taiwan have called the Yasukuni Shrine a microcosm of a revisionist and unapologetic approach to Japanese crimes of World War II.
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United Red Army The United Red Army (連合赤軍 , "Rengō Sekigun" ) was a Japanese revolutionary armed group, established on 15 July 1971. It united the Marxist–Leninist-Maoist Red Army Faction (赤軍派 , "Sekigunha" ) , led in 1971 by Tsuneo Mori, and the Reformed Marxist Revolutionary Left Wing group, Japanese Communist Party Kanagawa Prefecture Committee, aka Keihin Anti-Security Treaty Joint Struggle Group (京浜安保共闘 , "Keihin Anbo Kyoutou" ) led by Hiroko Nagata. The United Red Army had 29 members and lost 14 by killing them in less than a year. Most were members of the New Left.
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Japanese Devils Japanese Devils (or Riben Guizi 日本鬼子 ) is a Japanese documentary about the war crimes committed by the Imperial Japanese Army between 1931 and 1945. The documentary is a series of interviews with 14 Japanese veterans of the Second Sino-Japanese War who recount rape, massacres, bio-experiments, and cannibalism. The accuracy of these interviews is contested by Japanese nationalist critics.
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Japanese submarine I-73 The Japanese submarine "I-73" was a "Kaidai" type cruiser submarine of the KD6A sub-class built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1930s. One month after participating in the IJN's attack on Pearl Harbor, she was sunk by United States Navy submarine USS "Gudgeon".
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Sadao Araki Baron Sadao Araki (荒木 貞夫 , Araki Sadao , May 26, 1877 – November 2, 1966) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II. As one of the principal nationalist right-wing political theorists in the Empire of Japan, he was regarded as the leader of the radical faction within the politicized Imperial Japanese Army and served as Minister of War under Prime Minister Inukai. He later served as Minister of Education during the Konoe and Hiranuma administrations. After World War II, he was convicted of war crimes and given a life sentence.
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Toshio Miyazaki Toshio Miyazaki (宮崎敏夫 , Miyazaki Toshio , extra-December 18, 1899 – April 4, 1965) was a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Navy. He gained notoriety in the United States after his arrest and subsequent deportation for espionage activities. A protégé of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, during the Pacific War his anticipated promotion to the senior staff of the Combined Fleet was not realized due to Yamamoto’s death, and he ended the war with the rank of captain.
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Battles Without Honor and Humanity: Final Episode Battles Without Honor and Humanity: Final Episode (Japanese: 仁義なき戦い　完結篇 , Hepburn: Jingi Naki Tatakai: Kanketsu-hen ) is a 1974 Japanese yakuza film directed by Kinji Fukasaku. It is the final film in a five-part series that Fukasaku made in a span of just two years.
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Zhou Baozhong Zhou Baozhong (; 1902–1964) was a commander of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army resisting the pacification of Manchukuo by the Empire of Japan.
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Kantō Shrine Kantō Shrine (関東神宮, "Kantō jingu") was a Shinto shrine in Lüshunkou District, Kwantung Leased Territory (today Lüshunkou District, Dalian, Liaoning, China). It was established on June 1, 1938, and closed in 1945 at the end of the Japanese occupation of China. It was formerly an imperial shrine of the first rank (官幣社, "kanpeisha") in the Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines. The kami enshrined here were Emperor Meiji and Amaterasu Omikami.
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Kazuo Nagano Kazuo Nagano (永野 一男 , "Nagano Kazuo" , August 1, 1952 – June 18, 1985) was chairman of the board at Toyota Shoji (unrelated to the car manufacturing company) which was responsible for swindling 3,855 people, mostly elderly, out of 12 billion yen. In 1985, two men – Masakazu Yano and Atsuo Iida – entered his house in Osaka through the window while at least 40 reporters watched, proceeding to stab him to death with a bayonet. One of the murderers received an 8-year jail sentence while the other received a 10-year sentence.
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Tetsuzan Nagata Tetsuzan Nagata (永田 鉄山 , Nagata Tetsuzan , 14 January 1884 – 12 August 1935) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, famous as the victim of the Aizawa Incident of 1935.
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Shiro Makino Shiro Makino (牧野 四郎 , Makino Shirō , April 18, 1893 – August 10, 1945) was a Japanese general, who commanded the 16th Division in the Battle of Leyte. He took his own life after the battle, with only 620 men of the division surviving.
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Inaba Masanari Inaba Masanari (稲葉 正成 , 1571 – October 14, 1628) , also known as Inaba Masashige and sometimes known as "Mino-no-kami", was a Japanese samurai of the Azuchi–Momoyama period through early Edo period. He served the Oda, Toyotomi, and Tokugawa clans, and became a daimyo in the early Edo period.
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Günther Herrmann (SS commander) Günther Herrmann (1908−2004) was a functionary in the SS of Nazi Germany during World War II and a convicted criminal. He commanded the "Sonderkommando 4b" and the "Einsatzkommando 12" of the "Einsatzgruppe C" in the occupied Soviet Union and the "Einsatzgruppe E" in Croatia. In 1973, Herrmann was convicted for the murders committed in 1941–42 in the occupied Soviet Union and was sentenced to seven years in prison.
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Mutsuhiro Watanabe Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Japanese: 渡邊睦裕 , January 1, 1918 – April 1, 2003) was an Imperial Japanese Army sergeant in World War II who served at POW camps in Omori, Naoetsu (present day Jōetsu), Niigata, Mitsushima (present day Hiraoka) and at the Civilian POW Camp at Yamakita. After Japan's defeat, the US Occupation authorities classified Watanabe as a war criminal for his mistreatment of prisoners of war (POWs), but he managed to evade arrest and was never tried in court.
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Ōnakatomi no Kiyomaro Ōnakatomi no Kiyomaro (大中臣 清麻呂 , 702 – September 6, 788) was a Japanese noble of the Nara period. Born the seventh son of the "chūnagon" Nakatomi no Omimaro of the Nakatomi clan, he changed his name and founded the Ōnakatomi clan. He reached the court rank of shō ni-i (正二位 ) and the position of "udaijin".
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Shirō Ishii Surgeon General Shirō Ishii (石井 四郎 , Ishii Shirō , ; June 25, 1892 – October 9, 1959) was a Japanese army medical officer, microbiologist and the director of Unit 731, a biological warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army involved in forced and frequently lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).
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Mam Nai Mam Nai or Mam Nay, "nom de guerre" Comrade Chan is a war criminal and former lieutenant of Santebal, the internal security branch of the Khmer Rouge communist movement, which ruled Democratic Kampuchea from 1975 to 1979. He was the leader of the interrogation unit at Tuol Sleng (S-21), assisting Kang Kek Iew (Comrade Duch), the head of the camp where thousands were held for interrogation, torture and subsequent killing.
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Matome Ugaki Matome Ugaki (宇垣 纏 , Ugaki Matome , 15 February 1890 – 15 August 1945) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II, remembered for his extensive and revealing war diary, role at the Battle of Leyte Gulf, and kamikaze suicide hours after the announced surrender of Japan at the end of the war.