Sic1 is an inhibitor in which species of yeast used in winemaking and breadmaking?
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Sic1 Sic1, a protein, is a stoichiometric inhibitor of Cdk1-Clb (B-type cyclins) complexes in the budding yeast "Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Because B-type cyclin-Cdk1 complexes are the drivers of S-phase initiation, Sic1 prevents premature S-phase entry. Multisite phosphorylation of Sic1 is thought to time Sic1 ubiquitination and destruction, and by extension, the timing of S-phase entry.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast. It has been instrumental to winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes (one can see the yeast as a component of the thin white film on the skins of some dark-colored fruits such as plums; it exists among the waxes of the cuticle). It is one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology, much like "Escherichia coli" as the model bacterium. It is the microorganism behind the most common type of fermentation. "S. cerevisiae" cells are round to ovoid, 5–10 μm in diameter. It reproduces by a division process known as budding.
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Ogataea methanolica Ogataea methanolica is a homothallic haploid organism that offers many of the advantages of a eukaryotic expression system such as protein processing and protein folding, while being as easy to manipulate as "E. coli" or "Saccharomyces cerevisiae". It is faster, easier, and less expensive to use than other eukaryotic expression systems such as baculovirus or mammalian tissue culture, and generally gives higher expression levels. As a yeast, it shares the advantages of molecular and genetic manipulations with Saccharomyces, and it has the added
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Arvesiniadu Arvesiniadu is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown on the island of Sardinia where it is usually used in blends for but can also be made into a sweet or dry varietal style wine under the "Indicazione geografica tipica" (IGT) designation of "Isola dei Nuraghi".
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WHI3 WHI3 is a developmental regulator in budding yeast. It influences cell size and the cell cycle by binding CLN3 mRNA and inhibiting its transcription. This, in turn, inhibits the G1/S transition.
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Lac repressor The "lac" repressor is a DNA-binding protein which inhibits the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in the metabolism of lactose in bacteria. These genes are repressed when lactose is not available to the cell, ensuring that the bacterium only invests energy in the production of machinery necessary for uptake and utilization of lactose when lactose is present. When lactose becomes available, it is converted into allolactose, which inhibits the "lac" repressor's DNA binding ability. Loss of DNA binding by the "lac" repressor is required for transcriptional activation of the operon.
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Zierfandler Zierfandler is a grape variety used to make white wine in the Thermenregion of Austria. It is also known as Spätrot ("late red") because it turns red just before harvest time. It is traditionally blended with Rotgipfler but is increasingly being sold as a single varietal wine. Zierfandler wines are typically elegant and quite sweet, but with lots of balancing acidity and a nutty bouquet of pistachios and almonds. They are capable of ageing well.
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Candida (fungus) Candida is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Many species are harmless commensals or endosymbionts of hosts including humans; however, when mucosal barriers are disrupted or the immune system is compromised they can invade and cause disease. "Candida albicans" is the most commonly isolated species, and can cause infections (candidiasis or thrush) in humans and other animals. In winemaking, some species of "Candida" can potentially spoil wines.
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SPINT1 Kunitz-type protease inhibitor 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the "SPINT1" gene.
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SSI protease inhibitor In molecular biology the protein SSI is a Subtilisin inhibitor-like which stands for Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor. This is a protease inhibitor. These are often synthesised as part of a larger precursor protein, either as a prepropeptide. The function of this protein domain is to prevent access of the substrate to the active site. It is found only in bacteria.
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Pichia stipitis Pichia stipitis (aka "Scheffersomyces stipitis") is a species of yeast, belonging to the "CUG Clade" of ascomycetous yeasts. This is a group of fungi that substitute serine for leucine when the CUG codon is encountered. "S. stipitis" is distantly related to brewer's yeast, "Saccharomyces cerevisiae", which uses the conventional codon system. Found, among other places, in the guts of passalid beetles, "S. stipitis" is capable of both aerobic and oxygen limited fermentation, and has the highest known natural ability of any yeast to directly ferment xylose, converting it to ethanol, a potentially economically valuable trait. Xylose is a hemicellulosic sugar found in all angiosperm plants. As such xylose constitutes the second most abundant carbohydrate moiety in nature. Xylose can be produced from wood or agricultural residues through auto- or acid hydrolysis. Ethanol production from such lignocellulosic residues does not compete with food production through the consumption of grain.
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Pullulanase Pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41 , "limit dextrinase", "amylopectin 6-glucanohydrolase", "bacterial debranching enzyme", "debranching enzyme", "alpha-dextrin endo-1,6-alpha-glucosidase", "R-enzyme", "pullulan alpha-1,6-glucanohydrolase") is a specific kind of glucanase, an amylolytic exoenzyme, that degrades pullulan. It is produced as an extracellular, cell surface-anchored lipoprotein by Gram-negative bacteria of the genus "Klebsiella". Type I pullulanases specifically attack α-1,6 linkages, while type II pullulanases are also able to hydrolyse α-1,4 linkages. It is also produced by some other bacteria and archaea. Pullulanase is used as a processing aid in grain processing biotechnology (production of ethanol and sweeteners).
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Hanseniaspora Hanseniaspora is a genus of yeasts. The name "Kloeckera" is applied to its anamorph form. They are typically apiculate in shape and often found in grape musts pre-fermentation.
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Ogataea polymorpha Ogataea polymorpha is a methylotrophic yeast with unusual characteristics. It is used as a protein factory for pharmaceuticals.
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Tazzelenghe Tazzelenghe is a red Italian wine grape variety from the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeast Italy. The grape is predominantly found in the Colli Orientali del Friuli "Denominazione di origine controllata" (DOC). The grape's name means "Tongue stinging" or "Tongue cutting".
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Zygosaccharomyces Zygosaccharomyces is a genus of yeasts in the family Saccharomycetaceae. It was first described under the "Saccharomyces" genus, but in 1983, it was reclassified to its current name in the work by Barnett "et al". The yeast has a long history as a well-known spoilage yeast within the food industry because several species in this genus are significantly resistant to many of the common food preservation methods. For example, the biochemical properties "Z. bailii" possesses to achieve this includes high sugar tolerance (50-60%), high ethanol tolerance (up to 18%), high acetic acid tolerance (2.0-2.5%), very high sorbic and benzoic acid tolerance (up to 800–1000 mg/l), high molecular SO tolerance (greater than 3 mg/l) and high xerotolerance.
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PinT small RNA In bacteria, PinT small RNA is a small regulatory RNA (sRNA) that is activated during stress and virulence conditions. sRNAs base-pair with target mRNAs and modulate their stability or translation. The expression of PhoP-activated sRNA called PinT is highly induced during "Salmonella enterica" infection. PinT temporally controls "Salmonella" virulence genes. On bacterial internalization it controls the expression of invasion associated effectors (SPI-1) through the direct base-pairing with the mRNA. Later in infection it represses the virulence genes (SPI-2) allowing the switch from an invasive state to the state of intracellular replication.
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Asperisporium minutulum Asperisporium minutulum is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen that causes the formation of leaf spots on grapes.
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Nosiola Nosiola (or Groppello bianco) is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Trentino region north of Lake Garda in the Valle dei Laghi. Here it is used in varietal "Denominazione di origine controllata" (DOC) wines and as a blending component in wines such as "Sorni Bianco" from Trento. It is also used to produce a dessert wine in the "Vin Santo" style from grapes that have been allowed to dry out prior to fermentation.
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CWP1 Cell Wall Protein 1 (CWP1) is a gene of "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Saccharomyces bayanus hybrid, Saccharomyces pastorianus. It is closely related to the CWP2 gene and produces a small protein associated with the budding scar, known as cwp1p.
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Aspergillus nuclease S1 Aspergillus nuclease S1 is an endonuclease enzyme derived from "Aspergillus oryzae" that splits single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA into oligo- or mononucleotides. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
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Penicillium oxalicum Penicillium oxalicum is an anamorph species of the genus of "Penicillium" which was isolated from rhizosphere soil of pearl millet. "Penicillium oxalicum" produces secalonic acid D, chitinase, oxalic acid, oxaline and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and occurs widespread in food and tropical commodities. This fungus could be used against soilborne diseases like downy mildew of tomatoes