What was Eannatum's name known as for the ancient semitic-speaking people from Syria?
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Eannatum Eannatum (Sumerian: ) was a Sumerian king of Lagash; he established one of the first verifiable empires in history. One inscription found on a boulder states that Eannatum was his Sumerian name, while his "Tidnu" (Amorite) name was "Lumma".
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Amorites The Amorites ( ; Sumerian 𒈥𒌅 "MAR.TU"; <a href="Akkadian">Akkadian</a> "Tidnum" or "Amurrūm"; <a href="Egyptian%20language">Egyptian</a> "Amar"; <a href="Hebrew%20language">Hebrew</a> אמורי "ʼĔmōrī"; <a href="Ancient%26nbsp%3BGreek">Ancient Greek</a>: Ἀμορραῖοι ) were an ancient <a href="Semitic%20languages">Semitic-speaking</a> people from <a href="Syria%20%28region%29">Syria</a> who also occupied large parts of southern <a href="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> from the 21st century BC to the end of the 17th century BC, where they established several prominent <a href="city%20state">city state</a>s in existing locations, notably <a href="Babylon">Babylon</a>, which was raised from a small town to an independent state and a major city. The term "Amurru" in Akkadian and Sumerian texts refers to both them and to their principal deity.
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Philistine language The Philistine language ( ) is the extinct language of the Philistines, spoken and rarely inscribed along the coastal strip of southwestern Canaan. Very little is known about the language, of which a handful of words survive as cultural loanwords in Hebrew, describing specifically Philistine institutions, like the "seranim", the "lords" of the Philistine five cities ("Pentapolis"), or the "’argáz" receptacle, which occurs in 1 Samuel 6 and nowhere else, or the title "padî".
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Indo-Iranians Indo-Iranian peoples, also known as Indo-Iranic peoples by scholars, and sometimes as Arya from their self-designation, were an ethno-linguistic group who brought the Indo-Iranian languages, a major branch of the Indo-European language family, to major parts of Eurasia.
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Abila (Decapolis) Abila, distinguished as Abila in the Decapolis (Greek: Ἄβιλα Δεκαπολεος , "Abila Dekapoleos") and also known for a time as Seleucia (Greek: Σελεύκεια , "Seleúkeia"), was an ancient city in the Decapolis; the site, now referred to as Quwaylibah (Arabic: قويلبة‎ ‎ ) is occupied by two tells (Tell al-Abila and Tell Umm al-Amad) and the village of Hartha, approximately 13 km north-northeast of Irbid, Jordan. The site is 25 km east of the Sea of Galilee and 4 km south of the Yarmouk River. The name "Abila" is derived from the Semitic word Abel (in Hebrew, "meadow" and in Arabic, "green growth").
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Antiochian Greek Christians Antiochian Greek Christians, also known as Rûm, are an Arabic-speaking ethnoreligious Christian group from the Levant region. They are either members of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch or the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, and they have ancient roots in the Levant, more specifically, the territories of Western Syria, northern and central Lebanon, and the southern Turkish province of Hatay, which includes the city of Antakya (ancient Antioch)- one of the holiest cities in Eastern Christianity. Many of their descendants now live in the global Near Eastern Christian diaspora.
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Proto-Semitic language The Proto-Semitic language is the hypothetical proto-language ancestral to the historical Semitic languages of the Middle East. Its original Urheimat has been proposed to be in northern Mesopotamia, the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, with a 2009 study proposing that it may have originated about 7400 BC. Semitic is considered a subfamily of the larger Afroasiatic macrofamily.
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Semitic people Semites, Semitic people or Semitic cultures (from the biblical "Shem", Hebrew: שם‎ ‎ ) was a term for an ethnic, cultural or racial group who speak or spoke the Semitic languages. The terminology was first used in the 1770s by members of the Göttingen School of History, who derived the name from Shem, one of the three sons of Noah in the Book of Genesis. The term "Semites", together with the parallel terms Hamites and Japhetites, is now largely obsolete outside linguistics. However, in archaeology, the term is sometimes used informally as "a kind of shorthand" for ancient Semitic-speaking peoples.
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Canaanite languages The Canaanite languages or Canaanite dialects are one of the four subdivisions of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being the Aramaic language, the Ugaritic language, and the Amorite language. They were spoken by the ancient Semitic people of the Canaan and Levant regions, an area encompassing what are today Israel, Jordan, Sinai, Lebanon, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and also some fringe areas of southern Turkey and the northern Arabian peninsula. The Canaanites are broadly defined to include the Israelites (including Judeans and Samaritans), Phoenicians (including Carthaginians), Amorites, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Suteans, Ekronites and Amalekites. The Canaanite languages had ceased to be everyday spoken languages by the 1st millennium AD, but Hebrew remained in continuous use by many Jews since that period into medieval times as a liturgical language, literary language, and for commerce, until it was revived as an everyday spoken language in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and became the main language of the Jews of Palestine and later the State of Israel. Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language today.
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Illyrians The Illyrians (Ancient Greek: Ἰλλυριοί , "Illyrioi"; Latin: "Illyrii" or "Illyri") were a group of Indo-European tribes in antiquity, who inhabited part of the western Balkans and the south-eastern coasts of the Italian peninsula (Messapia).
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Tayy Tayy (Arabic: طيء‎ ‎ /ALA-LC: "Ṭayy"), also known as Ṭayyi or Taiesʾ, is a large and ancient Arab tribe, whose descendants today are the tribe of Shammar, who continue to live throughout the Middle Eastern states of the Arab world and the rest of the world. The "nisba" (patronymic) of Tayy is "at-Ṭāʾī" (الطائي ). The Tayy's origins trace back to the Qahtanites and their original homeland was Yemen. In the 2nd century CE, they migrated to the northern Arabian mountain ranges of Jabal Aja and Jabal Salma, which then collectively became known as "Jabal Tayy". The latter continues to be the traditional homeland of the tribe until the present day. They later established relations with the Sassanid Persian and Byzantine empires. Though traditionally allied with the Sassanids' Lakhmid clients, the Tayy supplanted the Lakhmids as the rulers of al-Hirah in the 610s. In the late 6th century, the Fasad War split the Tayy, with members of its Al Jadila branch converting to Christianity and migrating to Syria where they became allied with the Ghassanids, and the Al Ghawth branch remaining in Jabal Tayy. A chieftain and poet of the Al Ghawth, Hatim at-Ta'i, is widely known among Arabs until today.
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Iranian Assyrians Iranian Assyrians, Persian Assyrians or Assyrians in Iran (Persian: آشوریان ایران‎ ‎ ), are an ethnoreligious and linguistic minority in present-day Iran. The Assyrians of Iran speak Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, a neo-Aramaic language descended from Classical Syriac and elements of Akkadian, and are Eastern Rite Christians belonging mostly to the Assyrian Church of the East and also to the Chaldean Catholic Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Ancient Church of the East, Assyrian Pentecostal Church and Assyrian Evangelical Church.
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Emisum Emisum or Iemsium ruled the ancient Near East city-state of Larsa from 1940 BC to 1912 BC (short chronology). He was an Amorite.
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Chaldean Neo-Aramaic Chaldean Neo-Aramaic is a Northeastern Neo-Aramaic language spoken throughout a large region stretching from the plain of Urmia, in northwestern Iran, to the Nineveh plains, in northern Iraq, together with parts of southeastern Turkey.
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Himyaritic language Himyaritic or Al-Himyariah (Arabic: لغة حمير‎ ‎ "luġat Ḥimyar", "Language of Himyar") is a Semitic language that was spoken in Yemen, according to some by the Himyarites. Others consider it to have existed after the demise of the Himyarite period. It was a Semitic language, but did not belong to the Old South Arabian (Sayhadic) languages. The precise position inside Semitic is unknown because of the limited knowledge of the language.
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Praetutii The Praetutii (Greek: Πραιτούττιοι , Ptolemy; Eth. Πραιτεττιανός , Polybius), were an ancient tribe of central Italy. They are thought to have lived around Interamnia (or Interamna), which became modern Teramo, and to have given their name to Abruzzo. The ancient accounts, however, are substantially confused, when it comes to more precise location and details.
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Nabataeans The Nabataeans, also Nabateans ( ; Arabic: الأنباط‎ ‎ "al-ʾAnbāṭ " , compare to Ancient Greek: Ναβαταίος , Latin: "Nabatæus" ), were an Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the Southern Levant. Their settlements, most prominently the assumed capital city of Raqmu, now called Petra, gave the name of Nabatene to the borderland between Arabia and Syria, from the Euphrates to the Red Sea. Their loosely controlled trading network, which centered on strings of oases that they controlled, where agriculture was intensively practiced in limited areas, and on the routes that linked them, had no securely defined boundaries in the surrounding desert. Trajan conquered the Nabataean kingdom, annexing it to the Roman Empire, where their individual culture, easily identified by their characteristic finely potted painted ceramics, was adopted into the larger Greco-Roman culture. They were later converted to Christianity. Jane Taylor, a writer, describes them as "one of the most gifted peoples of the ancient world".
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List of rulers of Ammon The following is a list of rulers currently known from the history of the ancient Levantine kingdom Ammon. Ammon was originally ruled by a king, called the "king of the children of Ammon" (Ammonite: 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤁𐤍𐤏𐤌𐤍; <a href="Hebrew%20language">Hebrew</a>: ‎ ‎ "melekh bənê-ʿAmmôn"). After the conquest of the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Empires, Ammon was maintained by an administrator ( "ʿebhedh", literally "servant"; Greek: ἡγούμενος "hēgoúmenos", "leader"). Only a modest number of Ammonite kings are known today, mostly from the Bible and epigraphic inscriptions.
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Baalshamin Baalshamin or Ba'al Šamem (Aramaic: ܒܥܠ ܫܡܝܢ), lit. 'Lord of Heaven(s)', was a Northwest Semitic god and a title applied to different gods at different places or times in ancient Middle Eastern inscriptions, especially in Canaan/Phoenicia and Syria. The title was most often applied to Hadad, who is also often titled just Ba‘al. Baalshamin was one of the two supreme gods and the sky god of pre-Islamic Palmyra in ancient Syria (Bel being the other supreme god). There his attributes were the eagle and the lightning bolt, and he perhaps formed a triad with the lunar god Aglibol and the sun god Malakbel.
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Royal family of Emesa The Emesani dynasty or the Sempsigerami of Emesa, sometimes known as the Sampsiceramids (Arabic: آل شميس غرام) were a ruling Roman client dynasty of priest-kings in Emesa, Syria Province (modern Homs, Syria). Although some say they were Arabs, yet others advice not to make this judgement quickly, since their naming suggests Aramaic origins.
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Damascus Damascus (Arabic: دمشق‎ ‎ "Dimashq " ] , ] ) is the capital and likely the largest city of Syria, following the decline in population of Aleppo due to the battle for the city. It is commonly known in Syria as "ash-Sham" (Arabic: الشام‎ ‎ "ash-Shām ") and nicknamed as the "City of Jasmine" (Arabic: مدينة الياسمين‎ ‎ "Madīnat al-Yāsmīn "). In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major cultural centre of the Levant and the Arab world. The city has an estimated population of 1,711,000 as of 2009 .
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Syrian elephant The Syrian elephant or Western Asiatic elephant ("Elephas maximus asurus") is a proposed name for the westernmost population of the Asian elephant ("Elephas maximus"), which became extinct in ancient times. Skeletal remains of "E. m. asurus" have been recorded from the Middle East: Iran, Iraq and Syria) from periods dating between 3 million years BC and 100 years BC.