Who's ideas besides the American sociologist and Pan-Africanist author were debated in 1881-1882?
c22fa499480ffbe157d745a0f54c9d9f
Bethel Literary and Historical Society The Bethel Literary and Historical Society was an organization founded in 1881 by African Methodist Episcopal Church Bishop Daniel Payne and continued at least until 1915. It represented a highly significant development in African American society in Washington DC. Most of its early members were members of the Metropolitan AME Church where its meetings were held, while maintaining an open invitation for black Washingtonians from across the city. It immediately developed into the preeminent debating society and forum for racial issues in Washington, D.C. The prospect of a separation of schools for black children was heatedly debated in 1881-2 as were the ideas of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois in 1903. It was one of the stops of `Abdu'l-Bahá's journeys to the West.
1fc0f8645e760c04da83a1b3fb5bab7a
W. E. B. Du Bois William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois ( ; February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community. After completing graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
7414580d160deaad78c4b92c2155ebc9
Jessie Redmon Fauset Jessie Redmon Fauset (April 27, 1882 – April 30, 1961) was an African American editor, poet, essayist, novelist, and educator. Fauset’s literary work helped sculpt African American literature in the 1920s as she focused on portraying a true image of African American life and history. Her black fictional characters were working professionals which was an inconceivable concept to American society during this time Her story lines related to themes of racial discrimination, “passing,” and feminism. From 1919-1926, Fauset’s position as literary editor of "The Crisis," a NAACP magazine, allowed her to contribute to the Harlem Renaissance by promoting literary work that related to the social movements of this era. Through her work as a literary editor and reviewer, she discouraged black writers from lessening the racial qualities of the characters in their work, and encouraged them to write honestly and openly about the African American race. She wanted a realistic and positive representation of the African American community in literature that had never before been as prominently displayed. Before and after working on "The Crisis," she worked for decades as a French teacher in public schools in Washington, DC and New York City. She published four novels during the 1920s and 1930s, exploring the lives of the black middle-class. She also was the editor and co-author of the African-American children's magazine "The Brownies' Book." She is known for discovering and mentoring other African American writers such as Langston Hughes, Jean Toomer, Countee Cullen, and Claude McKay.
1e217600b878fbe6b7b35300fcdd9ed5
Qasim Amin Qasim Amin (] , Arabic: قاسم أمين; 1) (December 1863, in Alexandria – April 22, 1908 in Cairo) was an Egyptian jurist, Islamic Modernist and one of the founders of the Egyptian national movement and Cairo University. Qasim Amin has been historically viewed as one of the Arab world's "first feminists", although he joined the discourse on women's rights quite late in its development, and his "feminism" has been the subject of scholarly controversy. Amin was an Egyptian philosopher, reformer, judge, member of Egypt's aristocratic class, and central figure of the Nahda Movement. His advocacy of greater rights for women catalyzed debate over women's issues in the Arab world. He criticized veiling, seclusion, early marriage, and lack of education of Muslim women. More recent scholarship has argued that he internalized a colonialist discourse on women's issues in the Islamic world, regarded Egyptian women as objects serving to achieve national aspirations, and in practice advocated reforms that diminished the legal rights of women in marriage contracts.
d57c4706d21e276dc4a0d0c204b1db38
Friedrich List Georg Friedrich List (August 6, 1789 – November 30, 1846) was a leading 19th-century German with dual American citizenship economist who developed the "National System" or what some would call today the National System of Innovation. He was a forefather of the German historical school of economics, and argued for the German Customs Union from a Nationalist standpoint. His ideas were the basis for the European Economic Community.
30d3abcc302a413b79d1c6e029e3ef33
Racial Culture: A Critique Racial Culture: A Critique is a 2005 non-fiction book by American author and Stanford Law School professor Richard T. Ford which raises critical questions regarding the somewhat popular and common presumption of political multiculturalism that social categories emerge from as a result of distinctive cultural practices. Ford argues against legislation that prevents discrimination on the basis of cultural practices and details specific examples in support of this argument.
fea6a8b79cfa79aa4d2c99c3694a6ba4
Politics (essay) "Politics" is an essay written by Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is part of his "Essays: Second Series", published in 1844. A premier philosopher, poet and leader of American transcendentalism, he used this essay to belie his feelings on government, specifically American government. His impact on New England thought and his views on pragmatism influenced the likes of Henry David Thoreau, Orestes Brownson, and Frederich Nietzsche, among others.
785c9f780c8de47f4b7ff690ebc17dc3
Shirley Graham Du Bois Shirley Graham Du Bois (November 11, 1896 – March 27, 1977) was an American award-winning author, playwright, composer, and activist for African-American and other causes. In later life she married the noted thinker, writer, and activist W. E. B. Du Bois. The couple became citizens of Ghana in 1961 after they emigrated to that country. She won the Messner and the Anisfield-Wolf prizes for her works.
25548eabca946c5420a892f90c7423c9
Morris Ginsberg Morris Ginsberg FBA (14 May 1889 – 31 August 1970) was a British sociologist, who played a key role in the development of the discipline. He served as editor of "The Sociological Review" in the 1930s and later became the founding chairman of the British Sociological Association in 1951 and its first President (1955–1957). He was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1942 to 1943, and helped draft the UNESCO 1950 statement titled "The Race Question".
cee215df9f668ba75a47b17b583435cf
Paul Kruger Stephanus Johannes Paulus "Paul" Kruger ( ; ] ; 10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904) was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South Africa, and President of the South African Republic (or Transvaal) from 1883 to 1900. Nicknamed "Oom Paul" ("Uncle Paul"), he came to international prominence as the face of the Boer cause—that of the Transvaal and its neighbour the Orange Free State—against Britain during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902. He has been called a personification of Afrikanerdom, and remains a controversial and divisive figure; admirers venerate him as a tragic folk hero, while critics view him as the obstinate guardian of an unjust cause.
380d1303c35506fecf5d2a47f7067b26
Middle range theory (sociology) Middle-range theory, developed by Robert K. Merton, is an approach to sociological theorizing aimed at integrating theory and empirical research. It is currently the de facto dominant approach to sociological theory construction, especially in the United States. Middle-range theory starts with an empirical phenomenon (as opposed to a broad abstract entity like the social system) and abstracts from it to create general statements that can be verified by data. This approach stands in contrast to the earlier "grand" theorizing of social theory, such as functionalism and many conflict theories. Raymond Boudon has argued that 'middle-range' theory is the same concept that most other sciences simply call 'theory'. The analytical sociology movement has as its aim the unification of such theories into a coherent paradigm at a greater level of abstraction.
b9f287105ae7d4e5e976814f2e5fd2cd
Bandele Omoniyi Bandele Omoniyi (6 November 1884 – 1913) was a Nigerian nationalist who is best known for his book "A Defence of the Ethiopian Movement" (1908), which urged for political reforms in the colonies, warning that otherwise a revolution in Africa might end British rule. According to Hakim Adi, he is one of the earliest examples of the politically active West African student in Britain.
d9b0654e4d6ae310cde55e968b82f39d
Guy Benton Johnson Guy B. Johnson (1901–1991) was an American sociologist and social anthropologist. He was a distinguished student of black culture in the rural South and a pioneer advocate of racial equality.
c2e330c373fe31d3fc47c1a49d3c8b1a
Roscoe Conkling Bruce Roscoe Conkling Bruce, Senior (21 April 1879 – 16 August 1950) was an African-American educator who was known for stressing the value of practical industrial and business skills as opposed to academic disciplines. Later he administered the Dunbar Apartments housing complex in Harlem, New York City, and was editor in chief of the Harriet Tubman Publishing Company.
c4f122cea6d9846ee6e1a9866f1c0b1f
Freedomways Freedomways was the leading African-American theoretical, political and cultural journal of the 1960s–1980s. It began publishing in 1961 and ceased in 1985.
0261d5414338c15cea002d8bd89bbbc2
William Pickens William Pickens (15 January 1881 – 6 April 1954) was an African-American orator, educator, journalist, and essayist. He wrote two autobiographies, first "The Heir of Slaves", in 1911 and second "Bursting Bonds" in 1923, in which he mentioned race- motivated attacks on African Americans. both in the urban riots of 1919 and by lynching in 1921.
02ee5a2a8fbef12fc14ff85e1d23cf51
Benjamin Griffith Brawley Benjamin Griffith Brawley (April 22, 1882 - February 1, 1939) was a prominent African-American author and educator. Several of his books were considered standard college texts, including "The Negro in Literature and Art in the United States" (1918) and "New Survey of English Literature" (1925).
41718f3238e1a524ca4d8998138f5a15
Pragmatism Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition that began in the United States around 1870. Its origins are often attributed to the philosophers William James, John Dewey, and Charles Sanders Peirce. Peirce later described it in his pragmatic maxim: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
f44fe74dce20cb325cc3247ab2eb33cc
Jerome Davis (sociologist) Jerome Davis, born Jerome Dwight Davis (December 2, 1891–October 19, 1979), was an international activist for peace and social reform, labor organizer, and sociologist who founded Promoting Enduring Peace. Early in his life, he campaigned to reduce the workweek and as an advocate of organized labor.
df12ed6f6ee540d76255a78e285e2a03
Horace Bumstead Horace Bumstead ( September 1841- January 1919) was a Congregationalist minister and educator. He used his career to fight for African American education and became the second president of Atlanta University (1888-1907). Bumstead was one of the first white men in the United States to fight for educational rights for African Americans. As a white man, he was condemned by many for taking on this role, but African Americans rallied behind his efforts and viewed him as a spokesman.
17cc7fe1912d16f3269d47214500bb37
Pixley ka Isaka Seme Pixley ka Isaka Seme (c. 1881 – June 1951) was the first black lawyer in South Africa, and a founder and President of the African National Congress.
c40c4110400f6f56836aaf95cde2bf7e
Foucault–Habermas debate The Foucault–Habermas debate is a dispute concerning whether Michel Foucault's ideas of "power analytics" and "genealogy" or Jürgen Habermas's ideas of "communicative rationality" and "discourse ethics" provide a better critique of the nature of "power" within society. The debate compares and evaluates the central ideas of Habermas and Foucault as they pertain to questions of power, reason, ethics, modernity, democracy, civil society, and social action.