Monte Sano State Park has cottages built in the era of which public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families as part of the New Deal?
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Monte Sano State Park Monte Sano State Park is a publicly owned recreation area and mountaintop retreat encompassing 2140 acre on the eastern portion of the top and slopes of Monte Sano Mountain on the east side of Huntsville, Alabama. The state park has 1930s-era, Civilian Conservation Corps–built rustic cottages, hiking trails and picnic areas with scenic overlooks, and modern campsites. It is managed by the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.
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Civilian Conservation Corps The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families as part of the New Deal. Originally for young men ages 18–25, it was eventually expanded to young men ages 17–28. Robert Fechner was the first director of the agency, succeeded by James McEntee following Fechner's death. The CCC was a major part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal that provided unskilled manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state and local governments. The CCC was designed to provide jobs for young men, and to relieve families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States. At the same time, it implemented a general natural resource conservation program in every state and territory. Maximum enrollment at any one time was 300,000. Over the course of its nine years in operation, 3 million young men participated in the CCC, which provided them with shelter, clothing, and food, together with a small wage of $30 (about $547 in 2015) a month ($25 of which had to be sent home to their families).
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Enchanted Valley Chalet The Enchanted Valley Chalet is a backcountry lodge in Olympic National Park. The chalet was built in 1931 by Tom E. Criswell, his son Glen and the Olson family of Quinault whose Olympic Recreation Company operated it as a destination lodge deep up the Quinault River Valley, about 13 mi from the nearest road access. Under the Olson’s ownership through the 1930s, and for decades under the National Park Service, the chalet has endured as a destination in its own right. It was a popular destination for hikers and horse tours through the 1940s. In 1943, the chalet was closed as an accommodation. It was used for a short period as an Aircraft Warning Service station during World War II, watching for Japanese airplanes. It did not reopen until 1953, after the National Park Service had purchased the Olympic Recreation Company's holdings in 1951, having purchased the Chalet itself in 1939. After a period of neglect, the chalet was restored in 1983-84. It was one of four such accommodations built by the Olympic Recreation Company and the Olympic Chalet Company; Low Divide Chalet, Nine Mile Shelter, Graves Creek Inn and the Enchanted Valley Chalet. Of the four, only the Enchanted Valley Chalet and the bathhouse at Low Divide remain.
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Seawall Campground Seawall Campground is a campground in Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island off the coast of Maine. The campground offers four loops of campsites, including "drive-up" sites suitable for RVs and trailers, as well as walk-in tent-only campsites, and is open from late May into October. Much of the campground was built between 1936 and 1942 by crews of the Civilian Conservation Corps; this section is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The campground is located in the town of Southwest Harbor on Maine State Route 102A.
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Tipsoo Lake Comfort Station The Tipsoo Lake Comfort Station was designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs in the National Park Service Rustic style and built in Mount Rainier National Park by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1934. The design was supervised by Park Service Chief Architect Thomas Chalmers Vint, and is similar to the Sunrise Comfort Station in the central portion of the park. Located near the park's northern entrance, two comfort station were planned to be part of a developed area in the vicinity of Tipsoo and Chinook Pass, which was never developed beyond the toilet facilities and an entrance arch. One of these survives and remains in use. The public toilet facility features rough stonework to window sill level, with a framed wall above and a log-framed roof with cedar shingles.
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Malcolm Carr Collier Malcolm Carr Collier (née, Malcolm Carr; 1908-1983) was an American anthropologist remembered for her work with the Navajo. She did field work at Grand Coulee Dam in the U.S. state of Washington in 1936, studied the Navaho in the Pueblo Alto site with Katherine Spencer and Doriane Wooley in 1937, and in 1938, conducted research at the Navajo Mountain area. Her work with Spencer and Wooley, "Navaho clans and marriage at Pueblo Alto", was published in 1939. Collier studied at the University of Chicago. She married the archaeologist, Donald Collier.
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Resettlement Administration The Resettlement Administration (RA) was a New Deal U.S. federal agency that, between April 1935 and December 1936, relocated struggling urban and rural families to communities planned by the federal government.
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Saddlehorn Utility Area Historic District The Saddlehorn Utility Area Historic District in Colorado National Monument comprises a complex of park service buildings, designed by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs in the National Park Service Rustic style. The primary designer was National Park Service architect Kenneth M. Saunders, who employed the local red sandstone in the buildings, which included shops, fuel shed, repair and storage buildings. The buildings were constructed in 1941 by Public Works Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps labor.
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Rapidan Camp Rapidan Camp (also known at times as Camp Hoover) in Shenandoah National Park in Madison County, Virginia, was built by U.S. President Herbert Hoover and his wife Lou Henry Hoover, and served as their rustic retreat throughout Hoover's administration from 1929 to 1933. The first family's residential cabin was known as the "Brown House" in contrast to their more famous residence, the White House.
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Great Depression in Chile The Great Depression that begun 1929 was felt strongly in Chile from 1930 to 1932. Saltpetre and copper exports collapsed. The World Economic Survey of the League of Nations declared Chile the worst affected nation by the depression. The crisis caused the authoritarian regime of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo to fall in July 1931 followed by a succession of short-lived governments until the election of Arturo Alessandri in December 1932. The economic crisis rose the levels of unemployment and caused a migration of unemployed saltpetre miners from the north to Santiago. Miners constituted around 6% of the active population but made up more than half of the unemployed during the crisis. Numerous soup kitchens sprang up in Santiago while homeless people begun to dwell in caves in the hills around Santiago. The state responded to the crisis by gradually raising tariffs, increasing internal demand and increasing control over the "flux and use" of foreign currency. Quotas and licences were established for imports and the gold convertibility was once again abolished in 1931.
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Donald Richberg Donald Randall Richberg (July 10, 1881 - November 27, 1960) was an American attorney, civil servant, and author who was one of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's key aides and who played a critical role in the New Deal. He co-wrote the National Industrial Recovery Act, was general counsel and executive director of the National Recovery Administration. He also co-authored the Railway Labor Act, the Norris-LaGuardia Act, and the Taft-Hartley Act.
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League of the Physically Handicapped The League of the Physically Handicapped in New York City was formed to protest discrimination by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The Home Relief Bureau of New York City stamped applications by handicapped applicants with "PH" which stood for "physically handicapped". Members of the League held a sit-in at the Home Relief Bureau for nine days and a weekend sit-in at the WPA headquarters in June 1935. These actions eventually led to the creation of 1,500 jobs in New York City.
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AmeriCorps AmeriCorps is a civil society program supported by the U.S. federal government, foundations, corporations, and other donors engaging adults in public service work with a goal of "helping others and meeting critical needs in the community." Members commit to full-time or part-time positions offered by a network of nonprofit community organizations and public agencies, to fulfill assignments in the fields of education, public safety, health care, and environmental protection. The program is often seen as a domestic Peace Corps. It employs more than 75,000 Americans in intensive service each year.
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Workers' accident compensation insurance (Japan) Workers' accident compensation insurance (労働者災害補償保険 , rōdōsha saigai hoshō hoken ) is a government insurance program in Japan. It pays benefits to workers (or their survivors) if the insured worker suffers injury, illness, or death due to circumstances related to his or her work related duties or commuting. The workers' accident compensation insurance system is also involved in social welfare projects for workers, such as promoting the restoration of workers who have suffered injury or illness to a full role in society. It is paired with unemployment insurance (雇用保険 , koyō hoken ) and referred to collectively as labor insurance (労働保険 , rōdō hoken ) . Workers' Accident Compensation Insurance is managed by the Labor Standards Office.
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Public Land Corps The Public Land Corps (PLC) is a work and education program for young people that is run by the United States National Park Service (NPS) in association with state conservation and service corps. The objective is the rehabilitation and restoration of public land resources and infrastructure. The Public Land Corps was authorized by the National and Community Service Trust Act on May 27, 1993, H.R. 2328.
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National Youth Administration The National Youth Administration (NYA) was a New Deal agency sponsored by the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States that focused on providing work and education for Americans between the ages of 16 and 25. It operated from June 26, 1935 to 1939 as part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Following the passage of the Reorganization Act of 1939, the NYA was transferred from the WPA to the Federal Security Agency. In 1942, the NYA was transferred to the War Manpower Commission (WMC). The NYA was dissolved in 1943.
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Fifth Party System The Fifth Party System refers to the era of American national politics that began with the New Deal in 1932 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This era emerged from the realignment of the voting blocs and interest groups supporting the Democratic Party into the New Deal Coalition following the Great Depression. For this reason it is often called the New Deal Party System. It followed the Fourth Party System, usually called the Progressive Era. Experts debate whether the Fifth Party System ended (and thus a Sixth Party System emerged) in the mid-1960s, the early 1980s (when the Moral Majority took off), the mid-1990s, or possibly continues to the present.
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Columbine Work Station The Columbine Work Station in Coronado National Forest near Safford, Arizona was built in 1935 by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). The complex is a representative example of a Depression-era Forest Service administrative center. The station is on a high point of the Pinaleno Mountains in forested land. The main residence is in the Forest Service bungalow style. The barn is unique, not designed to a standard Forest Service prototype.
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United States Housing Authority The United States Housing Authority, or USHA, was a federal agency created during 1937 within the United States Department of the Interior by the Housing Act of 1937 as part of the New Deal.
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United States Post Office (San Pedro, California) U.S. Post Office in San Pedro, California is a historic Streamline Moderne Post Office built in 1935 as a Works Project Administration project. Designed by Louis A. Simon and Fletcher Martin in the WPA modern style, a conservative or classicized Art Deco, the San Pedro Post Office was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The building also formerly served as a U.S. Customs Office. The building's use of marble, bronze and milk glass are typical of 1930s architecture for U.S. government buildings. The floor tile is laid in a basket weave pattern surrounded by black marble, giving the effect of rugs on a marble floor. Some of the original bronze lamps and ink wells are still intact at the public writing desks. The mural inside the Post Office Building was painted by Fletcher Martin in 1938 and is titled "Mail Transportation." Martin (born 1904) also painted WPA-era murals at the U.S. Post Office buildings in La Mesa, Texas, and Kellogg, Idaho.
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Flood Control Act of 1941 The Flood Control Act of 1941 was an Act of the United States Congress signed into law by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt that authorized civil engineering projects such as dams, levees, dikes, and other flood control measures through the United States Army Corps of Engineers and other Federal agencies. It is one of a number of Flood Control Acts passed nearly annually by the United States Congress.
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Unemployment and Farm Relief Act The Unemployment and Farm Relief Act (French: "Loi remédiant au chômage et aidant à l’agriculture" ) was introduced by Prime Minister R.B. Bennett, and enacted in July 1931 by the Parliament of Canada, enabling public works projects to be set up in Canada's national parks during the Great Depression. This legislation followed the Unemployment Relief Act, passed in 1930, which provided grants for municipal public works projects. The 1931 Act provided funds to municipalities and the provinces for road building projects, as well as funds set aside for projects in the national parks. The Act also enabled the authorities to combat unrest based on "pernicious" revolutionary doctrines, such as were espoused by the Communist Party of Canada.