When was the political leader to which Einstein–Szilárd letter was written born?
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Einstein–Szilárd letter The Einstein–Szilárd letter written by Leó Szilárd and signed by Albert Einstein that was sent to the United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on August 2, 1939. Written by Szilárd in consultation with fellow Hungarian physicists Edward Teller and Eugene Wigner, the letter warned that Germany might develop atomic bombs and suggested that the United States should start its own nuclear program. It prompted action by Roosevelt, which eventually resulted in the Manhattan Project developing the first atomic bombs.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( , his own pronunciation, or ; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections and emerged as a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century. He directed the United States government during most of the Great Depression and World War II. As a dominant leader of his party, he built the New Deal Coalition, realigning American politics into the Fifth Party System and defining American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century. He is often rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. Presidents, along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln.
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Ehud Olmert Ehud Olmert (Hebrew: אֶהוּד אוֹלְמֶרְט‎ ‎ , ] ; born 30 September 1945) is an Israeli politician and lawyer. He served as the 12th Prime Minister of Israel from 2006 to 2009 and before that as a cabinet minister from 1988 to 1992 and from 2003 to 2006. Between his first and second stints as a cabinet member, he served as mayor of Jerusalem from 1993 to 2003.
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Philippe Couillard Philippe Couillard (] ; born June 26, 1957) is the 31st and current Premier of Quebec, leader of the Quebec Liberal Party and a former university professor and neurosurgeon in Quebec, Canada. In the 2014 election he moved to the riding of Roberval where he resides. Until June 25, 2008, he served as the Quebec Minister for Health and Social Services and was also MNA of Mont-Royal until he resigned in 2008 under Jean Charest's Liberal government.
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Edwin Einstein Edwin Einstein (November 18, 1842 – January 24, 1905) was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from New York.
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Albert Devèze Albert Joseph Charles Devèze (] ; 6 June 1881 – 28 November 1959) was a Belgian liberal politician and minister. Devèze was a doctor in law and a lawyer. He was a liberal municipality Council member in Schaerbeek and in Ixelles and a member of parliament for the district of Brussels (1912–1939 and 1946–1958) and for the district of Verviers (1939–1946). Devèze was President of the Liberal Party in 1927-1932 and was a minister of defense (1920–1923, 1932–1936 and 1949–1950), vice prime-minister (1949–1950), minister of interior (1939–1940) and of economy (1946). In 1930, he became minister of state.
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Paul Deschanel Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (] ; 13 February 1855 in Schaerbeek28 April 1922) was a French statesman. He served as President of France from 18 February to 21 September 1920.
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Raymond Poincaré Raymond Nicolas Landry Poincaré (] ; 20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934) was a French statesman who served three times as 58th Prime Minister of France, and as President of France from 1913 to 1920. He was a conservative leader, primarily committed to political and social stability.
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Erice statement The Erice statement is a statement written by Paul Dirac, Piotr Kapitza, and Antonino Zichichi asking for freedom of expression for scientists as well as for nuclear disarmament. It has been signed by over 90,000 scientists as well as numerous world leaders including Mikhail Gorbachev, Ronald Reagan and Deng Xiaoping.
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Jean Monnet Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet (] ; 9 November 1888 – 16 March 1979) was a French political economist and diplomat. An influential supporter of European unity, he is considered as one of the founding fathers of the European Union. Jean Monnet has been called “The Father of Europe” by those who see his innovative and pioneering efforts in the 1950s as the key to establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, the predecessor of today’s European Union. Never elected to public office, Monnet worked behind the scenes of American and European governments as a well-connected "pragmatic internationalist". He was named patron of the 1980–1981 academic year at the College of Europe, in honour of his accomplishments.
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Władysław Sikorski Władysław Eugeniusz Sikorski (] ; 20 May 1881 – 4 July 1943) was a Polish military and political leader.
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Poul Schlüter Poul Holmskov Schlüter (] , 3 April 1929) is a Danish politician, who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1982 to 1993. He was the first member of the Conservative People's Party to become Prime Minister, as well as the first conservative to hold the office since 1901.
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Malcolm Fraser John Malcolm Fraser {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 21 May 1930 – 20 March 2015) was an Australian politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia and the Leader of the Liberal Party from 1975 to 1983.
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Hermann Göring Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering; ] ; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German political and military leader as well as one of the most powerful figures in the Nazi Party (NSDAP) that ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945. A veteran World War I fighter pilot ace, he was a recipient of the "Pour le Mérite". He was the last commander of "Jagdgeschwader" 1, the fighter wing once led by Manfred von Richthofen.
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Peljidiin Genden Peljidiin Genden (Mongolian: Пэлжидийн Гэндэн ; 1892 or 1895 – November 26, 1937) was a prominent political leader of the Mongolian People's Republic who served as the country's second president (1924 to 1927) and the ninth prime minister (1932–1936). As one of three MPRP secretaries, Genden was responsible for pushing rapid and forced implementation of socialist economic policies in early 1930s. In 1932 he secured Josef Stalin's backing to become prime minister, but then increasingly resisted pressure from Moscow to liquidate institutional Buddhism and permit increased Soviet influence in Mongolia. His independent temperament, outspokenness (he became famous for fearlessly confronting Stalin during their public meetings in Moscow and was one of the few to stand up to Stalin’s strong personality), and growing nationalist sentiments ultimately led to his Soviet-orchestrated purge in March 1936. Accused of conspiring against the revolution and spying for the Japanese, he was executed in Moscow on November 26, 1937.
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Gordon Campbell Gordon Muir Campbell, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born January 12, 1948) is a Canadian diplomat and politician who was the 35th Mayor of Vancouver from 1986 to 1993 and the 34th Premier of British Columbia from 2001 to 2011. He was the leader of the British Columbia Liberal Party, which was re-elected for a third term on May 12, 2009, and which held a majority in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. From 2011 to 2016, he was the Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. From 2014 to 2016, he was also Canada’s Representative to the Ismaili Imamat.
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Donald Tusk Donald Franciszek Tusk ( ; ; born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician and historian who has been the President of the European Council since 2014. He served as 67th Prime Minister of Poland from 2007 to 2014 and was a co-founder and chairman of the Civic Platform ("Platforma Obywatelska") political party.
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Otto Schmidt Otto Yulyevich Schmidt (Russian: Отто Юльевич Шмидт ; September 30 [O.S. September 18] 1891 – September 7, 1956) was a Soviet scientist, mathematician, astronomer, geophysicist, statesman, academician, Hero of the USSR (27 June 1937), and member of the Communist Party.
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Bruno Kafka Bruno Kafka (27 September 1881 – 12 July 1931) was a German-speaking Jewish Czech politician. He was the leader from 1918 to his death of the Czechoslovak German Democratic Liberal Party.
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Selwyn Lloyd John Selwyn Brooke Lloyd, Baron Selwyn-Lloyd, (28 July 1904 – 18 May 1978), known for most of his career as Selwyn Lloyd, was a British politician.
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Jorge García Granados Dr. Jorge García-Granados (21 April 1900 – 3 May 1961) was a politician and diplomat from Guatemala, a grandson of Miguel García Granados, the leader and philosopher of the liberal revolution in the 19th century.
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Georges Clemenceau Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (] ; 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French politician, physician, and journalist who was Prime Minister of France during the First World War. A leader of the Radical Party, he played a central role in the politics of the French Third Republic.