Joachim Chreptowicz was an activist of what educational authority in the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth?
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Joachim Chreptowicz Joachim Chreptowicz pseud.: "Jeden z współziomków" (4 January 1729 – 4 March 1812), of Odrowąż Coat of Arms, was a Polish nobleman, writer, poet, politician, Grand Secretary of Lithuania, marshal of the Lithuanian Tribunal and the last Grand Chancellor of Lithuania. He was a member of the Permanent Council, activist of the Commission of National Education, physiocrat and a vivid supporter of the Targowica Confederation.
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Commission of National Education The Commission of National Education (Polish: "Komisja Edukacji Narodowej" , abbreviated KEN, Lithuanian: "Edukacinė komisija" , Belarusian: Адукацыйная камісія ) was the central educational authority in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, created by the Sejm and the King Stanisław August Poniatowski on October 14, 1773. Because of its vast authority and autonomy, it is considered the first Ministry of Education in European history and an important achievement of the Polish Enlightenment.
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Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–1655) Prince Janusz Radziwiłł, also known as Janusz the Second or Janusz the Younger (Lithuanian: "Jonušas Radvila" , 2 December 1612 – 31 December 1655) was a noble and magnate in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Throughout his life he occupied a number of posts in the state administration, including that of Court Chamberlain of Lithuania (from 1633), Field Hetman of Lithuania (from 1646) and Grand Hetman of Lithuania (from 1654). He was also a voivode of Vilna Voivodeship (from 1653), as well as a starost of Samogitia, Kamieniec, Kazimierz and Sejwy. He was a protector of the Protestant religion in Lithuania and sponsor of many Protestant schools and churches.
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Liegnitz Ritter-Akademie The Liegnitz Ritter-Akademie or knight academy was a school for the sons of the silesian aristocracy and landed gentry established in the seventeenth century in Liegnitz, Prussia. It existed until 1945 and then became a general high school after the occupation of Lower Silesia by Poland.
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Tadeusz Kościuszko Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko ("Andrew Thaddeus Bonaventure Kosciuszko"; February 4 or 12, 1746 – October 15, 1817) was a Polish-Lithuanian military engineer and a military leader who became a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and the United States. He fought in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's struggles against Russia and Prussia, and on the American side in the American Revolutionary War. As Supreme Commander of the Polish National Armed Forces, he led the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising.
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Lithuanian nobility The Lithuanian nobility was historically a legally privileged class in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania consisting of Lithuanians, from the historical regions of Lithuania Proper and Samogitia, and, following Lithuania's eastern expansion, many Ruthenian noble families ("boyars"). Families were primarily granted privileges for their military service to the Grand Duchy. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had one of the largest percentages of nobility in Europe, close to 10% of the population, in some regions, like Samogitia, it was closer to 12%.
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Polish-Lithuanian identity The Polish-Lithuanian identity describes individuals and groups with histories in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth or with close connections to its culture. This federation, formally established by the 1569 Union of Lublin between the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, created a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional state founded on the binding powers of national identity and shared culture rather than ethnicity or religious affiliation. The term Polish-Lithuanian has been used to describe various groups residing in the Commonwealth, including those that did not share the Polish or Lithuanian ethnicity nor their pre-dominant Christian (Catholic) faith.
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Central Polish Electoral Committee The Central Polish Electoral Committee (Lithuanian: "Lenkų centrinio rinkimų komitetas" , LCRK) was a political party in interwar Lithuania.
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Chaim Ozer Grodzinski Chaim Ozer Grodzinski (Hebrew: חיים עוזר גרודזנסקי‎ ‎ ; August 24, 1863 – August 9, 1940) was a pre-eminent "Av beis din" (rabbinical chief justice), "posek" (halakhic authority), and Talmudic scholar in Vilnius, Lithuania in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. During his 55 years of community service, he was recognized as the leading "posek" and spiritual guide of his generation, fielding halakhic queries from all parts of the world and being consulted on every Jewish communal issue. He played an instrumental role in preserving Lithuanian yeshivas during the Communist era, and saved the yeshivas of Poland and Russia during the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939, when he arranged for these yeshivas to relocate to Lithuanian cities.
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Revolutionary Association The Revolutionary Association (Polish: "Związek Rewolucyjny" ) was a Polish 18th century underground society, founded in Warsaw. Created at the outbreak of the Kościuszko's Uprising by the envoy of Tadeusz Kościuszko, Tomasz Maruszewski, it united a number of officers of the Warsaw Garrison, incl. Michał Chomentowski and Grzegorz Ropp. Its sole aim was to prepare the Warsaw Uprising (1794).
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Maria Grzegorzewska Maria Grzegorzewska (April 18, 1888 - May 7, 1967) was a Polish educator, who helped bring the special education movement to Poland.
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Union of Krewo In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or Act of Krėva (also Union of Krevo, Act of Kreva) was a set of prenuptial promises made in the Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in exchange for marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland. The act was very limited in scope and in the historiography the term "Union of Krewo" often refers not only to the particular document but to the events of 1385–1386 as a whole. After the negotiations in 1385, Jogaila converted to Christianity, married Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland in 1386. The union was a decisive moment in the histories of Poland and Lithuania; it marked a beginning of the four centuries of shared history between the two nations. By 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union grew into a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and lasted until the Third Partition in 1795.
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Gottfried Lengnich Gottfried Lengnich (Polish: "Gotfryd Lengnich" ) (4 December 1689 – 28 April 1774) was an 18th-century historian, lawyer and politician. He became known for writing the 9-volume "History of Royal Prussia" and for teaching Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of Poland.
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Scipione Piattoli Scipione Piattoli (] ; November 10, 1749 – April 12, 1809) was an Italian Catholic priest—a Piarist—an educator, writer and political activist, and a major figure of the Enlightenment in Poland. After ten years as a professor at the University of Modena in Italy, he migrated to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, where he became associated with several magnate families—the Potockis, Lubomirskis and Czartoryskis. He was a member of the Duchess Dorothea von Medem's court in Courland (Lithuania) and of King Stanisław August Poniatowski's court in the Commonwealth.
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Mikołaj Sienicki Mikołaj Sienicki of Bończa (c. 1521-1582) was a member of the landed gentry of the Kingdom of Poland. He held the office of chamberlain of the land of Chełm and was a notable politician of his period. Considered one of the best Polish political orators, he also held the title of marshal of the Sejm nine times. A Protestant, near the end of his life he became a member of the Polish Brethren and one of the major initiators of, and contributors to the Warsaw Confederation, which introduced new laws of religious tolerance in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, on a scale unimaginable in contemporary Europe.
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Kražiai College The Kražiai College was a Jesuit college (equivalent to a modern secondary school) in Kražiai, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later Russian Empire. Established in 1616 in hopes to educate new generations of anti-Protestants, the college was one of the major cultural and educational centers in Samogitia. In 1620–1742, it shared premises with the Samogitian Priest Seminary. In 1844, the college was transferred to Kaunas.
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Targowica Confederation The Targowica Confederation (Polish: "konfederacja targowicka" , ] , Lithuanian: "Targovicos konfederacija" ) was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. The confederation opposed the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, which had been adopted by the Great Sejm, especially the provisions limiting the privileges of the nobility. The text of the founding act of the confederation was written by the Russian general Vasili Stepanovich Popov, Chief of Staff of Prince Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin. Its purpose was proclaimed in the small town of Targowica (now in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine) on May 14, 1792. Four days later two Russian armies invaded the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth without a formal declaration of war.
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Stowarzyszenie Siemacha Stowarzyszenie Siemacha is a Polish non-profit association that provides a system to help children and young people in education, education, therapy and physical development. Its headquarters is in Kraków, but it is active nationwide, and has branches in Katowice and Tarnów, which coordinate the work of the association in the south-west and south-east respectively. It is named in honour of Father Kazimierz Siemaszko, who invented peer group education around 1900. The association was registered on 14 May 2004 under the name of the "U Siemachy Association" as a direct successor to the "U Siemachy Youth Centre" founded in 1993. From 1 September 2004, the association has the status of public benefit organisation (reg no. 0000207304). At the extraordinary general meeting of 30 November 2010, the members passed a resolution changing the name to "Siemacha Association".
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Stefan Maria Kuczyński Stefan Maria Kuczyński, "nom de plume" Włodzimierz Bart (21 September 1904, Bogusław, Wołyń – 30 March 1985, Katowice), was a Polish historian and academic specializing in the medieval history of the Kingdom of Poland during the Piast dynasty and the Jagiellon dynasty, especially in the period of King Władysław II Jagiełło. After World War II he served as docent at the Uniwersytet Jagielloński (1945), then associate professor of Uniwersytet Wrocławski (1946), followed by professor of Uniwersytet Łódzki (1954–1969), and professor of Uniwersytet Śląski (1969–1982). Kuczyński also served as editor-in-chief of illustrated monthly "Śląsk" in 1946–1948, published in Jelenia Góra, and the scientific journal "Nauka i Sztuka", one of the first of its kind in postwar Poland.
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Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł or, in Lithuanian, Stanislovas Bonifacas Jundzilas (6 May 1761 in Jasiańce, Voranava District – 15 April 1847 in Vilnius) was a Polish-Lithuanian priest, botanist, educator and diarist who lectured at the University of Vilnius.
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Franciszek Malewski Franciszek Hieronim Malewski of Jastrzębiec coat of arms (1800-1870) was a Polish lawyer, archivist and journalist. In 1815 he graduated from the Wilno-based "gimnazjum wileńskie" and started legal studies at the local university. Founding member of the Filomatic Society and friend to Adam Mickiewicz, he was also a co-founder of the Filaretic Society. Arrested in 1823 for membership in aforementioned societies, the following year he was sentenced to forced resettlement to Russia by tsarist authorities.
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Józef Mianowski Józef Mianowski (1804–1879) was a Polish medical researcher and practitioner, academic, social and political activist, and rector of the "Main School" incarnation (1862–69) of Warsaw University.