Where was the author of "The Life of Reason" raised and educated?
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The Life of Reason The Life of Reason, subtitled "the Phases of Human Progress", is a book published in five volumes from 1905 to 1906, by Spanish-born American philosopher George Santayana (1863–1952). It consists of "Reason in Common Sense", "Reason in Society", "Reason in Religion", "Reason in Art", and "Reason in Science".
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George Santayana Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, known in English as George Santayana ( or ; December 16, 1863September 26, 1952), was a philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. Originally from Spain, Santayana was raised and educated in the United States from the age of eight and identified himself as an American, although he always kept a valid Spanish passport. He wrote in English and is generally considered an American man of letters. At the age of forty-eight, Santayana left his position at Harvard and returned to Europe permanently, never to return to the United States. His last wish was to be buried in the Spanish pantheon in Rome.
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The Man of Reason The Man of Reason: "Male" and "Female" in Western Philosophy (1984; second edition 1993) is a book about the association between maleness and reason in western philosophy by the Australian philosopher Genevieve Lloyd. The work received positive reviews. It has been called a twentieth century classic of feminist thought, and is widely read in the Nordic countries.
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Argument from reason The argument from reason is an argument against naturalism and for the existence of God (or at least a supernatural being that is the source of human reason). The best-known defender of the argument is C. S. Lewis. Lewis first defended the argument at length in his 1947 book, "Miracles: A Preliminary Study". In the second edition of "Miracles" (1960), Lewis substantially revised and expanded the argument.
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Life of Samuel Johnson The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. (1791) is a biography of Dr. Samuel Johnson written by James Boswell. The work was a popular and critical success when first published. It is regarded as an important stage in the development of the modern genre of biography; many have claimed it as the greatest biography written in English, but some modern critics object that the work cannot be considered a proper biography. While Boswell's personal acquaintance with his subject only began in 1763, when Johnson was 54 years old, Boswell covered the entirety of Johnson's life by means of additional research. The biography takes many critical liberties with Johnson's life, as Boswell makes various changes to Johnson's quotations and even censors many comments. Nonetheless, modern biographers have found Boswell's biography an important source of information on Johnson and his times.
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David L. Norton David Lloyd Norton (March 27, 1930 – July 24, 1995) was an American philosopher. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, March 27, 1930, to Cecil V. Norton and (Adelene) Ruth Essick Norton. He was the brother of Douglas C. Norton (born 1945) of Norton's Fine Art in St. Louis.
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Charles Darwin's education Charles Darwin's education gave him a foundation in the doctrine of Creation prevalent throughout the West at the time, as well as knowledge of medicine and theology. More significantly, it led to his interest in natural history, which culminated in his taking part in the second voyage of the "Beagle" and the eventual inception of his theory of natural selection. Although Darwin changed his field of interest several times in these formative years, many of his later discoveries and beliefs were foreshadowed by the influences he had as a youth.
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James Wood (encyclopaedist) The Reverend James Wood (12 October 1820 – 17 March 1901) was a Scottish editor and Free Church minister. He was born in Leith and studied at the University of Edinburgh, living most of his life in Edinburgh. His admiration for Thomas Carlyle and John Ruskin may have contributed to his failure to secure a ministry. Instead he earned a living as a writer. He translated Auguste Barth's "Religions of India" and edited "Nuttall's Standard Dictionary", "The Nuttall Encyclopaedia", "Warne's Dictionary of Quotations" (later titled "Nuttall's Dictionary of Quotations"), Bagster & Sons' "Helps to the Bible", and a "Carlyle School Reader". In 1881 he published anonymously ", and Other Discourses, with a Lecture on Thomas Carlyle, by a Scotch Preacher". He is described by P. J. E. Wilson as " that most conscientious of pedants".
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.
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Jeremy Bentham Jeremy Bentham ( ; 15 February 1748 [O.S. 4 February 1747] – 6 June 1832) was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.
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The Religion of Nature Delineated The Religion of Nature Delineated was a book by Anglican cleric William Wollaston that attempted to create a system of ethics without recourse to revealed religion. It was first published in 1722 two years before Wollaston's death. Due to its influence on eighteenth-century philosophy and his promotion of a Natural Religion, the book lays claim to Wollaston being one of the great British Enlightenment philosophers, along with John Locke, George Berkeley, and David Hume. It contributed to the development of two important intellectual schools: British Deism, and the pursuit of happiness moral philosophy of American Practical Idealism which appears in the "Declaration of Independence".
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Joseph McCabe Joseph Martin McCabe (12 November 1867 – 10 January 1955) was an English writer and speaker on freethought, after having been a Roman Catholic priest earlier in his life. A staunch critic of the Catholic Church, McCabe joined groups such as the Rationalist Association and the National Secular Society. Although he criticised Christianity from a rationalist perspective, he was involved in the South Place Ethical Society which grew out of dissenting Protestantism and was a precursor of modern secular humanism.
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Gwilym Ellis Lane Owen Gwilym Ellis Lane Owen (18 May 1922 – 10 July 1982), who published as G. E. L. Owen, was a British philosopher, concerned with the history of Ancient Greek philosophy. He was educated at Portsmouth Grammar School and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. where his undergraduate career was interrupted by five years of military service. He became the foremost authority on Aristotle in his generation, at least in the English-speaking world.
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David Hume David Hume ( ; born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.
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The Range of Reason The Range of Reason is a 1952 book of essays by Catholic philosopher Jacques Maritain. The text presents a Thomist philosophy regarding religion and morality. It contains a study of Atheism, titled "The Meaning of Contemporary Atheism", which has had a considerable impact on Catholic views of Atheism.
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Richard Baron (philosopher) Richard Baron (born 1958) is a philosopher living in London. He was educated at Aylesbury Grammar School and at Selwyn College, Cambridge.
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Oliver Sacks Oliver Wolf Sacks, CBE, FRCP (9 July 1933 – 30 August 2015) was a British neurologist, naturalist, historian of science, and author. Born in Great Britain, and mostly educated there, he spent his career in the United States. He believed that the brain is the "most incredible thing in the universe." He became widely known for writing best-selling case histories about both his patients' and his own disorders and unusual experiences, with some of his books adapted for plays by major playwrights, feature films, animated short films, opera, dance, fine art, and musical works in the classical genre.
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The Over-Soul "The Over-Soul" is an acclaimed essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson, first published in 1841. With the human soul as its overriding subject, several general themes are treated: (1) the existence and nature of the human soul; (2) the relationship between the soul and the personal ego; (3) the relationship of one human soul to another; and (4) the relationship of the human soul to God. Influence of Eastern religions, including Vedantism, is plainly evident, but the essay also develops ideas long present in the Western tradition, e.g., in the works of Plato, Plutarch, and Neoplatonists like Plotinus and Proclus – all of whose writings Emerson read extensively throughout his career – and Emanuel Swedenborg.
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John Hoppus The Rev. John Hoppus LL.D., PhD, FRS (1789–1875), was an English Congregational minister, author, Fellow of the Royal Society, abolitionist and educational reformer. He was appointed the first Chair of Logic and Philosophy of Mind at the newly formed London University (now University College, London), a position he secured and held against his formidable opponents from 1829 to 1866.
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Caleb Sprague Henry Caleb Sprague Henry (1804–84) was an American Protestant Episcopal clergyman and author. He was born in Rutland, Mass., graduated from Dartmouth College in 1825 and studied theology at Andover Theological Seminary and New Haven. In 1828 he became a Congregational minister at Greenfield, Mass., and in 1833 removed to Hartford, Conn. In 1834 he started the "American Advocate of Peace", the organ of the American Peace Society. He then entered the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal church and was professor of moral and intellectual philosophy in Bristol College, Pa., (1835–38). In 1837, with the aid of Rev. Francis L. Hawks, he established the New York "Review". He was professor of history and philosophy in New York University from 1839 to 1852. Later he was rector of various churches, but was chiefly engaged in literary work. He translated Guizot's "History of Civilization" and other works from the French and was the author of several works, including "Compendium of Christian Antiquities" (1837), "Social Welfare and Human Progress" (1860), and "Satan as a Moral Philosopher. (1877).
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Benjamin Constant Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (] ; 25 October 1767 – 8 December 1830), or simply Benjamin Constant, was a Swiss-French political activist and writer on politics and religion. He was the author of a partly biographical psychological novel, "Adolphe". He was a fervent liberal of the early 19th century, who influenced the Trienio Liberal movement in Spain, the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Portugal, the Greek War of Independence, the November Uprising in Poland, the Belgian Revolution, and Liberalism in Brazil and Mexico.
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Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer ( ; ] ; 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work "The World as Will and Representation" (expanded in 1844), wherein he characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind and insatiable metaphysical will. Proceeding from the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant, Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism, rejecting the contemporaneous post-Kantian philosophies of German idealism. Schopenhauer was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Eastern philosophy (e.g., asceticism, the world-as-appearance), having initially arrived at similar conclusions as the result of his own philosophical work.