What students work to build pride and self esteem, and whose ancestors fled the Colonial United States as slaves or freeman?
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Speak It! From the Heart of Black Nova Scotia Speak It! From the Heart of Black Nova Scotia is a 1992 documentary film by Sylvia Hamilton, focusing on a group of Black Nova Scotian students in a predominantly white high school, St. Patrick's in Halifax, Nova Scotia, who face daily reminders of racism. These students work to build pride and self-esteem through educational and cultural programs, discovering their heritage and learning ways to effect change. Produced by the National Film Board of Canada, this 28-minute documentary received the Canada Award at the 1994 Gemini Awards from the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television, as well as the 1994 Maeda Prize from NHK.
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Black Nova Scotians Black Nova Scotians are Black Canadians whose ancestors fled the Colonial United States as slaves or freemen, and later settled in Nova Scotia, Canada during the 18th and early 19th centuries. As of the 2011 Census of Canada, 20,790 black people live in Nova Scotia, most in Halifax, though a large number of Black Nova Scotians have migrated to Toronto, Ontario, since the 1950s. Before the immigration reforms of the 1960s, Black Nova Scotians formed 37% of the total Black Canadian population.
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Cornell Africana Studies and Research Center The Africana Studies and Research Center (ASRC) at Cornell University is an academic unit devoted to the study of the global migrations and reconstruction of African peoples, as well as patterns of linkages to the African continent (and among the peoples of the African Diaspora). The Africana Studies program offers around 23 graduate and undergraduate courses each semester. Africana offers an undergraduate major for students in the Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences as well as a Ph.D through the Cornell University Graduate School. The John Henrik Clarke Africana Library, located at the Center, focuses on the social, economic, and political dimensions of the history and cultures of peoples of African descent. It has more than 17,000 volumes.
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Effort optimism Effort optimism is the confidence that acquiring the skills valued by majority society, such as those skills measured by IQ tests, ACT, and SATs, are worthwhile. Lack of effort optimism has often been described as an important part of the achievement gap between students with majority and minority background in the American educational system. In this interpretation, minority students under-achieve because they have no confidence that performing well in the school system will, in fact, help them advance socially in the face of perceived discrimination. Effort optimism refers to how strongly a student believes their hard work/effort in school will pay off with academic/school success. A strong conviction generally results in greater success, and can become a self-fulfilling prophecy, reinforcing that belief. When that conviction is weak or nonexistent, students generally experience less success, which reinforces the belief that effort doesn't matter.
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Homecoming Homecoming is the tradition of welcoming back former students and members and celebrating an organization's existence. It is a tradition in many high schools , colleges, and churches in the United States and Canada.
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J. Sella Martin John Sella Martin (September 27, 1832 - August 11, 1876) was a noted abolitionist in Boston, Massachusetts and a pastor, who had escaped from slavery in Alabama. He was a leading African-American preacher and activist for equality before the American Civil War, traveling to England to lecture against slavery. When he returned, he preached in Presbyterian churches in Washington, DC.
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Sierra Leonean Americans Sierra Leonean Americans are Americans who are descended from Sierra Leoneans. The population of Sierra Leonean Americans is relatively large and consists, according to surveys of 2013, of 21,538 people. However, many African Americans are descended also from Sierra Leonean slaves who were exported to the United States since the 18th until the early 19th century, so the number of people with that heritage should be much higher. So, the number of slaves from present Sierra Leone exported to present United States exceeded the 25.000 people. A peculiar group of people of partially Sierra Leonean descent in United States is that of the Gullah, who, descendants of slaves, fled their owners at the end of the 18th and early 19th century and they established in parts of South Carolina, Georgia, and the Sea Islands, areas in which, even today, they retain their cultures. Moreover, according to the American Community Survey there are 34,161 Sierra Leoneans immigrants living in United States.
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Amanda Smith Amanda Berry Smith (January 23, 1837 – February 24, 1915) was a former slave who became an inspiration to thousands of women, both black and white. She was born to slaves in Long Green, Maryland, a small town in Baltimore County. Her father's name was Samuel Berry and her mother's name was Mariam Matthews. The Smiths had thirteen children. Her father was a well-trusted man, and his master’s widow trusted him enough to place him in charge of her farm. After his duties for the day were done, Mr. Berry was allowed to go out and earn extra money for himself and his family. Many nights he would go without sleeping because he was busy making brooms and husk mats for the Baltimore market to make extra cash. He was devoted to the goal of freedom. After first purchasing his freedom, he made it his mission to buy his family's. After his family's freedom was secured, the Smiths settled in Pennsylvania.
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Freeman (Colonial) Freeman is a term which originated in 12th-century Europe and was common as an American Colonial expression in Puritan times. In the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a man had to be a member of the Church to be a freeman; in neighboring Plymouth Colony a man did not need to be a member of the Church, but he had to be elected to this privilege by the General Court. Being a freeman carried with it the right to vote, and only freemen could vote in Plymouth by 1632.
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Matthew Ashby Matthew Ashby was born in York County, Virginia, in 1727. He is a notable and rare example of the successful escape from slavery and indentured servitude. The son of a black slave and a white indentured servant, he was born free under Virginia law, which at the time gave children the legal status of their mothers. Ashby worked around the Williamsburg area as a carter and carpenter. He was also known to deliver messages for the state, working for Governor Botetourt. Although he himself was indentured until the age of 31, by law, he managed to acquire many things that were well out of the realm of the average slave or servant, including a silver watch, candle making supplies, tea boards, and books.
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Outward Bound USA Outward Bound USA (OBUSA) is the governing body for the national network of eleven regional Outward Bound schools in the United States. Each year more than 35,000 students participate in Outward Bound educational programs, in city classrooms and outdoors in amazing wilderness settings. The aims of Outward Bound learning are to foster personal growth and social skills of participants using challenging expeditions in the outdoors. "These adventures are designed for people to compete against themselves, not against each other. Kurt Hahn [the founder] hoped to develop 'a sense of conquest without the humiliation of the conquered.' His aim was to develop people through performance, not to make expert performers out of people. And as all Outward Bound activities -- with the exception of solo -- are conducted with others on whom they have to depend, the trainees are caught up in the spirit of 'all for one and one for all.'" Participants thus find that challenge converts to self-discovery, so that the world they return to looks and feels different from the one they left: it is charged with the possibility of making good.
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Gordon (slave) Gordon, or "Whipped Peter", was an enslaved African American who escaped from a Louisiana plantation in March 1863, gaining freedom when he reached the Union camp near Baton Rouge. He became known as the subject of photographs documenting the extensive scarring of his back from whippings received in slavery. Abolitionists distributed these carte de visite photographs of Gordon throughout the United States and internationally to show the abuses of slavery.
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Prudence Crandall Prudence Crandall (September 3, 1803 – January 28, 1890) was an American schoolteacher from Rhode Island who was raised as a Quaker in Canterbury, Connecticut. She became known for establishing an academy there for the education of African-American girls and women, after whites boycotted the school when she admitted a student of color. when she devoted her school to girls of color from the region, local townspeople violently opposed the school.
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Academic regalia of Harvard University As the oldest college in the United States, Harvard University has a long tradition of academic dress. Harvard gown facings bear crow's-feet emblems near the yoke, a symbol unique to Harvard, made from flat braid in colours distinctive of the wearer's qualification or degree. Crow's-feet are double for earned degrees, and triple for honorary degrees.
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African Americans African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa. The term may also be used to include only those individuals who are descended from enslaved Africans. As a compound adjective the term is usually hyphenated as African-American.
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Blanche Kelso Bruce Academy Blanche Kelso Bruce Academy is the name given to several charter schools within the Detroit Public Schools in Detroit, Michigan, currently serving 345 students in grades 5-12. They function as alternative schools for Youth Outside the Educational Mainstream (YOEM). Most of the schools are strict-discipline academies for students who have been expelled from regular schools. The schools are named after Blanche Bruce, the first African American to serve a full term as a United States Senator.
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Slave name A slave name is the personal name given by others to an enslaved person, or a name inherited from enslaved ancestors. Modern use of the term applies mostly to African-Americans and West Indians descended from enslaved Africans who retain the name given to their ancestors by the enslavers.
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Palmer Memorial Institute The Alice Freeman Palmer Memorial Institute, better known as Palmer Memorial Institute, was a school for upper class African Americans. It was founded in 1902 by Dr. Charlotte Hawkins Brown at Sedalia, North Carolina near Greensboro. Palmer Memorial Institute was named after Alice Freeman Palmer, former president of Wellesley College and benefector of Dr. Brown.
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African Free School The African Free School was an institution founded by members of the New York Manumission Society on November 2, 1787, including Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. It was founded to provide education to children of slaves and free people of color.
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Eliza Winston Eliza Winston (1830–?) was an American slave who was emancipated from her owners while with them on vacation in a free state.
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Work college Work colleges are distinctive liberal arts colleges in the United States that promote the purposeful integration of work, learning, and service. At a work college all students work regardless of their academic program or their financial need. A work college is a public or private non-profit, four-year degree-granting institution of higher learning where student work is an integrated, essential and federally required core component of the educational work-learning-service program. Unlike Federal Work Study, which is solely need-based, work colleges do not differentiate between those that can afford to pay for their education from those that must work to cover their educational costs. At work colleges, students are regularly evaluated and assessed on their work performance and can be dismissed from the institution for non-performance in the work program. Students do not have the ability to "buy" their way out of the work requirement. Students perform essential institutional functions in every area imaginable on their campuses and gain a strong sense of ownership and responsibility for their campus community. Student labor enables work colleges to be far more operationally efficient and administratively lean (compared to more traditional colleges). This, in turn, contributes to lower operational costs which results in lower – and more affordable – tuition.
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Henry Wilkins Chandler Henry Wilkins Chandler (September 22, 1852 - 1938) was an American lawyer, politician, and abolitionist. Born as a freeman, he was the first African American graduate from Bates College in Lewiston, Maine. He was a member of a class in which two-thirds of them were former slaves, and was personally recruited by the college's founder, Oren Burbank Cheney.