Seán Mackin had been a member of the Irish National Liberation Army, an Irish republican socialist paramilitary group formed during what year?
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Seán Mackin (Irish republican) Seán Mackin is an Irish republican from Belfast, Northern Ireland and a fundraiser for the Friends of Sinn Féin (FOSF). Mackin, who had been a member of the Irish National Liberation Army, left Belfast with his family and applied for political asylum in the United States, alleging harassment and threats from the security forces. Mackin was also under threat from a murderous internal feud within the INLA. Immigration Judge Annette Elstein granted Mackin's wife and daughter Philomena and Jennifer political asylum in 1991. Seán Mackin was not granted asylum (as is sometimes misreported) but was granted "suspension of deportation," a different (and, ironically, faster) route to permanent residency and U.S. citizenship. The Mackins also have two sons, Seán Óg and Kieran, who are both United States citizens by birth. The entire family have since become United States citizens. In 2004, Mackin was detained by police while visiting Belfast, which was interpreted by many as an attempt to disrupt or discredit Mackin's work for FOSF.
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Irish National Liberation Army The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA, Irish: "Arm Saoirse Náisiúnta na hÉireann" ) is an Irish republican socialist paramilitary group formed in December 1974, during "the Troubles". It seeks to remove Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom and create a socialist republic encompassing all of Ireland. It is the paramilitary wing of the Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP).
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UDA South Belfast Brigade The UDA South Belfast Brigade is the section of the Ulster loyalist paramilitary group, the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), based in the southern quarter of Belfast, as well as in surrounding areas. Initially a battalion, the South Belfast Brigade emerged from the local "defence associations" active in the city at the beginning of the Troubles. It subsequently emerged as the largest of the UDA's six brigades and expanded to cover an area much wider than its initial South Belfast borders.
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Free Stater (Ireland) Free Stater or pro-Treatyite is a term often used by opponents to describe those in Ireland who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 that led to the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922. The pro-Treaty side included members of the old IRA who had fought the British during the recent Irish War of Independence. Led by Michael Collins and Richard Mulcahy, it soon became the nucleus of the new (regular) Irish National Army that overcame their anti-Treaty IRA opponents during the often bitter Irish Civil War of 1922–23.
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Sean Kelly (Irish republican) Sean Kelly, (born c. 1972) is a former volunteer in the Belfast Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), and a convicted murderer, who was a member of the active service unit which carried out the Shankill Road bombing in 1993.
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Northern Ireland peace process The Northern Ireland peace process is often considered to cover the events leading up to the 1994 Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire, the end of most of the violence of the Troubles, the Good Friday (or Belfast) Agreement of 1998, and subsequent political developments.
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Róisín McAliskey Róisín Elizabeth McAliskey (born 1971) is an Irish political activist. She is the daughter of Irish republican activists Bernadette Devlin McAliskey and Michael McAliskey. She is suspected of having been a member of the Provisional IRA.
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Fenian Rising The Fenian Rising of 1867 (Irish: "Éirí Amach na bhFíníní, 1867" , ] ) was a rebellion against British rule in Ireland, organised by the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB).
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Volunteer (Irish republican) Volunteer, often abbreviated Vol., is a term used by a number of Irish republican paramilitary organisations to describe their members. Among these have been the various forms of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA). "Óglach " is the equivalent title in the Irish language.
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Eithne Coyle Eithne Coyle (1897–1985; Irish: "Eithne Ni Cumhaill" ) was an Irish republican activist. She was a leading figure within Cumann na mBan and a member of the Gaelic League. However, her role in the period now known as 'revolutionary Ireland' (c1912-c1924) were more extensive than her membership of these two groups indicates. A letter from Peader O'Donnell dated 19 April 1945 in support of her application for a military service application noted she was targeted severely during the Irish Civil War by the Irish Free State forces who 'regarded her more as an IRA officer than as Cumann na mBan organiser, which indeed she was'. She would also become notorious for her involvement in two high-profile prison escapes in the 1920s.
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Labour Party (Ireland) The Labour Party (Irish: "Páirtí an Lucht Oibre" ) is a social-democratic political party in the Republic of Ireland. Founded in 1912 in Clonmel, County Tipperary, by James Connolly, James Larkin and William O'Brien as the political wing of the Irish Trade Union Congress, it describes itself as a "democratic socialist party" in its constitution. Labour continues to be the political arm of the Irish trade union and labour movement and seeks to represent workers and trade union members interests in the Dáil and on a local level.
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Liam Mac an Ultaigh Liam Mac an Ultaigh of Dublin (fl. c. 1965) is an Irish Nationalist and was Chief Scout of the Fianna Éireann from 1965. In such tenure, Mac an Ultaigh is most recognized for his work on the Committee that under his administration drafted the Fianna Handbook’s 3rd or 1965 (1st 1913, 2nd 1924) edition, which uniquely of the editions attempts to chronicle the organization’s history. Notably, this thorough and well documented Handbook history conclusively disputes traditional histories, which credit the Irish Republican Brotherhood’s Bulmer Hobson with founding the “Scouts” and exposes a, possible, anti-feminist bias in the traditional histories. The 3rd Handbook in its section “The History and Tradition of the Fianna Éireann” at its pages 24–26 credits instead the Sinn Féin’s Constance Markievicz or “the Countess Markievicz” with founding “Na Fianna Éireann”. As already noted in the Wikipedia article Fianna Éireann, Patrick Pearse has stated that the creation of Fianna Éireann was historically as important to the liberation of Southern and Western Ireland from British rule and the founding of the Irish Free State and, later, the Republic of Ireland as was the creation of the Irish Volunteers in 1913. The paramilitary Fianna Éireann youth Scouts were involved particularly with gun running commencing with the 1916 Easter Rising and later in combat, particularly in Dublin, during the Civil War period of 1922-1924.
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Manus Canning Manus Canning is a former Irish republican politician and paramilitary.
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Socialist Party of Ireland (1971) The Socialist Party of Ireland (SPI) was a minor left-wing political party which existed in Ireland from 1971 to 1982.
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John McKeague John Dunlop McKeague (1930 – 29 January 1982) was a prominent Ulster loyalist and one of the founding members of the paramilitary group the Red Hand Commando in 1970. Authors on the Troubles in Northern Ireland have accused McKeague of involvement in the Kincora Boys' Home scandal but he was never convicted. He was shot dead by the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) in Belfast in January 1982.
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Tom Maguire Tom Maguire (Irish: "Tomás Mag Uidhir" ; 28 March 1892 – 5 July 1993) was an Irish republican who held the rank of commandant-general in the Western Command of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and led the South Mayo flying column.
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Irish Republican Police The Irish Republican Police (IRP) was the police force of the 1919–1922 Irish Republic and was administered by the Department for Home Affairs of that government.
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Socialist Republican Party (Ireland) The Socialist Republican Party was an Irish republican political party in Northern Ireland. It was founded in 1944 by a coalition of former Nationalist Party members, former Irish Republican Army (IRA) members and Protestant trade unionists around Victor Halley, all based in West Belfast.
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Ulster Army Council The Ulster Army Council (or UAC) was set up in 1973 as an umbrella group by the Ulster Defence Association and the Ulster Volunteer Force to co-ordinate joint paramilitary operations during the Ulster Workers' Council Strike. Andy Tyrie was the head of the group – and was also the then commander of the Ulster Defence Association.
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Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) The Irish Republican Army (IRA) (Irish: "Óglaigh na hÉireann" ) was an Irish republican revolutionary paramilitary organisation. The ancestor to many groups also known as the Irish Republican Army, it was descended from the Irish Volunteers, an organisation established on 25 November 1913 that staged the Easter Rising in April 1916. In 1919, the Irish Republic that had been proclaimed during the Easter Rising was formally established by an elected assembly (Dáil Éireann), and the Irish Volunteers were recognised by Dáil Éireann as its legitimate army. Thereafter, the IRA waged a guerrilla campaign against the British occupation of Ireland in the 1919–21 Irish War of Independence.
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Provisional Government of Ireland (1922) The Provisional Government of Ireland (Irish: "Rialtas Sealadach na hÉireann" ) was the provisional government for the administration of Southern Ireland from 16 January 1922 to 5 December 1922. It was a transitional administration for the period between the ratifying of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the establishment of the Irish Free State. Its legitimacy was disputed by the Anti-Treaty delegates to Dáil Éireann.
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Independent Fianna Fáil Independent Fianna Fáil was a splinter republican party in the Republic of Ireland created by Neil Blaney after his expulsion from Fianna Fáil following the Irish Arms Crisis (1969–1970). The party ceased to exist on 26 July 2006. It was never an officially registered political party: Niall Blaney said in 2003 "I am an Independent and a member of an organisation known locally as Independent Fianna Fáil." Its candidates were listed on ballot papers without a party label, and without the optional "Non-party" label available to independents. However, the Oireachtas members' database lists Independent Fianna Fáil members separately.