Who was the most important leader of the labor group that Alzina Stevens represented?
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Alzina Stevens Alzina Stevens ("née" Parsons; May 27, 1849 – June 3, 1900) was an American labor leader, industrial reformer, journalist, and suffragist from Maine, active in Hull House. She was one of the representative women in the order of the Knights of Labor, and her history was, in some of its phases, a cornerstone of woman's work in the U.S. labor movement in the last decades of the 19th century. Stevens was an ardent advocate of equal suffrage. For several years, she served on the editorial staff of the "Toledo Bee"; she was also half owner and editor of the "Vanguard", an organ of the People's Party.
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Knights of Labor Knights of Labor (K of L), officially Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor, was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s. Its most important leader was Terence V. Powderly. The Knights promoted the social and cultural uplift of the workingman, rejected socialism and anarchism, demanded the eight-hour day, and promoted the producers ethic of republicanism. In some cases it acted as a labor union, negotiating with employers, but it was never well organized, and after a rapid expansion in the mid-1880s, it suddenly lost its new members and became a small operation again.
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William J. Spencer William J. Spencer (1867–1933) was an American labor leader who was secretary-treasurer of the Building Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor from its founding nearly continuously until his death in 1933.
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Labor Age Labor Age was a monthly political magazine published from 1929 to 1933. The publisher was by the Labor Publication Society. It succeeded the "Socialist Review", journal of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. "Labor Age" advocated industrial unionism, economic planning, and workers' education (especially the activities of Brookwood Labor College). It reported extensively on innovative tactics for organizing nonunion workers in mass production industries, identifying tactics that would become standard procedure for union organizers in the 1930s and 1940s. Important figures associated with "Labor Age" were A. J. Muste, James Maurer, Harry W. Laidler, Fannia Cohn, and Louis Budenz.
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L. W. Rogers Louis William Rogers (May 28, 1859 – April 18, 1953), commonly known as "L.W.," was an American teacher, railway brakeman, trade union functionary, socialist political activist, and newspaper editor. Rogers is best remembered in this context as one of the key officials of the American Railway Union jailed in conjunction with the Pullman Strike of 1894. After more than two decades in and around the labor movement, Rogers shifted his activity to mysticism as a prominent lecturer, writer, and long-time President of the Theosophical Society in America.
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Stephen Lerner Stephen Lerner is an American labor and community organizer. He has organized janitors, farm workers, garment workers, and other low-wage workers into unions.
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Edward F. McGrady Edward Francis McGrady (January 22, 1873 - July 17, 1960) was an American labor leader and politician. A member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives during the first decade of the 20th Century, McGrady is best remembered as a Vice President of the American Federation of Labor and as First Assistant Secretary of Labor during the Administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Sidney Hillman Sidney Hillman (March 23, 1887 – July 10, 1946) was an American labor leader. He was the head of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and was a key figure in the founding of the Congress of Industrial Organizations and in marshaling labor's support for Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the Democratic Party.
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Worker Student Alliance The Worker Student Alliance (WSA) in the United States was the section of Students for a Democratic Society led by the Progressive Labor Party. The WSA argued that the best way to build a movement in the working class, like SDS wanted, was for students to become involved in workers' struggles both on and off the campuses. In practice, that usually meant students enrolled in school would get jobs as cafeteria hands and other manual labor jobs at those schools.
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Richard T. Ely Richard Theodore Ely (April 13, 1854 – October 4, 1943) was an American economist, author, and leader of the Progressive movement who called for more government intervention in order to reform what they perceived as the injustices of capitalism, especially regarding factory conditions, compulsory education, child labor, and labor unions. Ely is best remembered as a founder and the first Secretary of the American Economic Association, as a founder and secretary of the Christian Social Union, and as the author of a series of widely read books on the organized labor movement, socialism, and other social questions.
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Hosea Hudson Hosea Hudson (April 12, 1898 – 1988) was an African-American labor leader in the Southern United States.
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Rose Finkelstein Norwood Rose Finkelstein Norwood (September 10, 1890 – September 25, 1980) was an American labor organizer. During her long career she led labor campaigns for telephone operators, garment and jewelry workers, boiler makers, library staffers, teachers, sales clerks, and laundry workers. She was active in many labor and civil rights organizations, including the Boston Women's Trade Union League, the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. She was a vocal opponent of antisemitism, racism, and fascism, a lifelong supporter of women's rights and workers' education, and an advocate for the elderly.
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Irene Levine Paull Irene Levine Paull (April 18, 1908 – 1981) was a writer and labor activist from Minnesota. She responded to discrimination by fighting for the rights of people who were oppressed. She was active in labor organizing and Communist politics, and she insisted that women could travel and write professionally just as men could. She founded the newspaper that became the "Minneapolis Labor Review", penned columns under feminine pseudonyms, and wrote poetry, plays, and fiction that addressed themes of injustice.
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Manya Gordon Manya Gordon Strunsky (1882-1945), best known as Manya Gordon, was a Ukrainian-born Jewish-American historian and political activist. Gordon is best remembered as a pioneering social historian of the Soviet Union, especially Soviet Russia, through her seminal 1941 book, "Workers Before and After Lenin", which looks at the track record of Vladimir Lenin and his heirs in transforming the economy of the Russian Empire into that of the Soviet Union.
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Anna Clemenc Anna "Big Annie" Klobuchar Clemenc (March 2, 1888 – July 27, 1956; pronounced "Clements" ) was an American labor activist. Born in Calumet, Michigan, she founded and served as president of the local Women's Auxiliary No. 15 of the Western Federation of Miners and was an active participant in the Copper Country Strike of 1913–1914. She is an inducted member of the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame.
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Labor rights Labor rights or workers' rights are a group of legal rights and claimed human rights having to do with labor relations between workers and their employers, usually obtained under labor and employment law. In general, these rights' debates have to do with negotiating workers' pay, benefits, and safe working conditions. One of the most central of these rights is the right to unionize. Unions take advantage of collective bargaining and industrial action to increase their members' wages and otherwise change their working situation. Labor rights can also take in the form of worker's control and worker's self management in which workers have a democratic voice in decision and policy making. The labor movement initially focused on this "right to unionize", but attention has shifted elsewhere.
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Rosina Tucker Rosina Tucker (1881–1987) was an American labor organizer, civil rights activist, and educator. She is best known for helping to organize the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first African-American trade union. At the age of one hundred, Tucker narrated an award-winning documentary about the union, "Miles of Smiles, Years of Struggle".
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Florence Kelley Florence Kelley (September 12, 1859 – February 17, 1932) was a social and political reformer. Her work against sweatshops, and for the minimum wage, eight-hour workdays, and children's rights is widely regarded today. From its founding in 1899, Kelley served as the first general secretary of the National Consumers League. In 1909, Kelley helped create the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
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Socialist Industrial Unions Socialist Industrial Unions (SIU) are a form of trade unions proposed by Daniel De Leon in the late 1890s / early 1900s as a means of engaging in class struggle within capitalism, of carrying out a revolution and of organizing socialism when it is achieved. This program is still advocated by De Leon's political party, the US Socialist Labor Party.
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Social justice feminism Social justice feminism was a movement started by Florence Kelley in the nineteenth century and continued by her protege Molly Dewson in the 1930s. Social justice feminists such as Rose Schneiderman and Mary Anderson strove to pass labor legislation for women to pave the way for protections for all workers. Historian Dorothy Sue Cobble writes in "Halving the Double Day" that activist Katherine Pollak Ellickson "...and many other labor women of her generation composed the core of America's forgotten wave of feminism: the social justice feminism that was the dominant wing of the women's movement from the 1920s to the 1960s."
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Agnes Nestor Agnes Nestor (24 June 1878 – 28 December 1948) was an American labor leader, politician, and social reformer. She is best remembered for her membership and leadership roles in the International Glove Workers Union (IGWU) and the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL), where she organized for women's suffrage and workers' rights . Nestor's prominent activities included organizing women workers in Chicago in the early 1900s, running for public office, serving on national commissions to promote education, and securing work-hour limitations for women.
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Sereno E. Payne Sereno Elisha Payne (June 26, 1843 – December 10, 1914) was a United States Representative from New York and the first House Majority Leader, holding the office from 1899 to 1911. He was a Republican congressman from 1883 to 1887 and then from 1889 to his death in 1914. He was chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee for 12 years starting in 1899. The Payne–Aldrich Tariff is perhaps the most significant legislation he introduced during that period. He was known as a staunch protectionist.