During which Chinese dynasty did this Chinese general, statesman and warlord had great influence, who was suspected of spreading rumours about infant-kidnapping by westerners in the late 19th century Korea?
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The Baby Riot of 1888 The Baby Riots of 1888 took place in the summer of 1888 in Joseon Korea. Rumours circulated that foreigners in Seoul were kidnapping young Korean infants and children, gouging out their eyes for use as camera lenses, grinding their internal organs for use in medicine, and eating them. These rumours implicated both the western powers that were present in Korea at the time, as well as the Japanese. These riots saw Koreans gathering outside hospitals, schools and churches run by foreigners to rail against the 'baby-snatchers' inside. Many in the foreign community were alarmed by the ferocity of the riots and made preparations to leave Korea, and diplomatic representatives of the foreign legations pressed the Joseon government to repudiate the rumours, which they did reluctantly. While it was initially speculated that the Heungseon Daewongun instigated the incident in a manner similar to the Imo Incident, or the combination of Catholic zeal and local anti-Christian sentiment, many began to speculate that these rumours were deliberately spread by the order of Yuan Shikai, the ambassador and representative of the suzerain Qing dynasty in China, either to scare off foreign investment in Korea or provoke a military intervention. For his part, Yuan emphatically denied this to his superior, Li Hongzhang.
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Yuan Shikai Yuan Shikai (; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese general, statesman and warlord, famous for his influence during the late Qing dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor, his autocratic rule as the first formal President of the Republic of China, and his short-lived attempt to restore monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor ().
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Zhang Zuolin Zhang Zuolin () (1875–1928) was the warlord of Manchuria from 1916-28, during the Warlord Era in China. He successfully invaded China proper in October 1924 in the Second Zhili-Fengtian War. He gained control of Peking, including China's internationally recognized government, in April 1926. The economy of Manchuria, the basis of Zhang's power, was overtaxed by his adventurism and collapsed in the winter of 1927-28. He was defeated by the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek in May 1928. He was killed by a bomb planted by a Japanese Kwantung Army officer on 4 June 1928. Although Zhang had been Japan's proxy in China, Japanese militarists were infuriated by his failure to stop the advance of the Nationalists.
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Li Jingye Li Jingye (李敬業) (died December 29, 684), also known as Xu Jingye (徐敬業), was a grandson of the great Tang Dynasty general Li Shiji who, after Emperor Gaozong's wife Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian) had seized power after Emperor Gaozong's death, rose in rebellion against her, but who was quickly defeated and killed in flight.
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Hu Jingyi Hu Jingyi 胡景翼 (1892–1925), Chinese general, warlord and military governor of Henan (1924–25) during the Warlord Era of China.
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Nurhaci Nurhaci (; ; alternatively Nurhachi; 21 February 1559 – 30 September 1626) was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. Nurhaci was part of the Aisin Gioro clan, and reigned from 1616 to his death in September 1626.
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Liu Ju Liu Ju (Traditional Chinese: 劉據) (128 BC – 91 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (衛太子) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (戾太子, literally "the Unrepentant Crown Prince") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion.
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Wellington Koo V. K. Wellington Koo (29 January 1888 – 14 November 1985), whose Chinese name is variously romanized as Koo Vi Kyuin, Ku Wei-chün, and Gu Weijun, was a Chinese statesman of the Republic of China. He was one of China's representatives at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919; served as an Ambassador to France, Great Britain and the United States; was a participant in the founding of the League of Nations and the United Nations; and sat as a judge on the International Court of Justice in The Hague from 1957 to 1967. Between October 1926 and June 1927, while serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Koo briefly held the concurrent positions of acting Premier and interim President of the Republic of China. Koo was the first and only Chinese head of state known to use a Western name publicly.
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Liu Wencai Liu Wencai (; 1887 - 17 October 1949) was a Chinese landlord from Sichuan province, and brother of the warlord Liu Wenhui. During the Cultural Revolution, he was depicted as the archetype of the exploiter of peasant farmers.
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Fu Yanqing Fu Yanqing (符彥卿) (898-July 31, 975), né Li Yanqing (李彥卿), courtesy name Guanhou (冠侯), formally the Prince of Wei (魏王), nicknamed Fu Disi (符第四, "the fourth Fu"), was a general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period states Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou, as well as (briefly) Liao Dynasty and Song Dynasty. He was one of the most celebrated generals of the period, and he was also the father of three daughters who received empress titles — two as successive empresses of the Later Zhou emperor Guo Rong (Empress Fu the Elder and Empress Fu the Younger), and one (posthumously) as a wife of Zhao Guangyi, who would become the second emperor of Song.
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Lu Xun (Three Kingdoms) Lu Xun (183–245), courtesy name Boyan, also sometimes referred to as Lu Yi, was a military general and statesman of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. He started his career as an official under the warlord Sun Quan in the 200s CE during the late Eastern Han dynasty and steadily rising through the ranks. In 219, he assisted Sun Quan's general Lü Meng in an invasion of Jing Province, which led to the defeat and death of Liu Bei's general Guan Yu. In 222, he served as the field commander of the Wu army in the Battle of Xiaoting against Liu Bei's forces and scored a decisive victory over the enemy. Lu Xun reached the pinnacle of his career after this battle as Sun Quan regarded him more highly, promoted him to higher positions and bestowed upon him unprecedented honours. Throughout the middle and the later parts of his career, Lu Xun oversaw and managed both civil and military affairs in Wu while participating in some battles against Wu's rival state, Wei, from time to time. In his final years, Lu Xun was drawn into a succession struggle between Sun Quan's sons and fell out of Sun Quan's favour as a consequence. He managed to retain his appointment as Imperial Chancellor – an office he assumed in 244 – but died a year later in frustration. Lu Xun's role in the Wu government was likened to that of a "custos morum" as he believed firmly in and upheld Confucian principles and practices. On the one hand, he provided constant and timely advice to Sun Quan to exercise benevolence and consider the welfare of the people. On the other hand, he vehemently objected to Sun Quan's idea of replacing his legitimate heir apparent in favour of a younger son.
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Dong Qiwu Dong Qiwu (Chinese: 董其武; Pinyin: Dǒng Qíwǔ; 1899–1989) was a general in the People's Liberation Army of China.
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Lu Jianzhang Lu Jianzhang (; 1862 – June 14, 1918) was a general of the late Qing dynasty and early Republican period of China.
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Sun Dianying Sun Dianying (Traditional Chinese: 孫殿英; Simplified Chinese: 孙殿英; pinyin: Sūn Diànyīng; Wade-Giles: Sun Tienying; 1889–1948) was one of the minor warlords during the Warlord Era.
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Keying (official) Keying (21 March 1787 – 29 June 1858), also known by his Chinese name Qiying and his Manchu name Kiyeng, was a Manchu statesman during the Qing dynasty of China. An imperial clansman of the house of Aisin Gioro, he began his career in the Imperial Clan Court. He conducted several peace treaties with Western powers, beginning with the Treaty of Nanking, which ended the First Opium War with Britain in 1842. Keying was sent to negotiate again in 1858 to settle the Arrow War with Britain and France, but the settlement was repudiated by the Daoguang Emperor and he was forced to commit suicide. He was well regarded in the Western world and well received in Hong Kong.
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Bei Yan Bei Yan was a military general serving under the warlord Gongsun Yuan during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.
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Fang Zhichun Fang Zhichun () (September 11, 1905 – July 31, 1993) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was a cousin of Fang Zhimin. He was born in Yiyang County, Jiangxi Province. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1924 and participated in the Nanchang Uprising of August 1927. In January 1928, along with his cousin and Huang Dao, he organized an uprising in Hengfeng County, Jiangxi Province. In 1937 he went to Yan'an, Shaanxi Province and in 1938 he went to the Soviet Union. After returning to China, he was arrested and imprisoned in Xinjiang by local warlord Sheng Shicai. In June 1946, he married Zhu Danhua, the widow of Mao Zedong's younger brother Mao Zemin, and became the stepfather Mao Zedong's nephew Mao Yuanxin.
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Shi Shilun Shi Shilun (施世綸, 1659–July 3, 1722), popularly known as Shi Gong (施公; "Lord Shi") or Shi Qingtian (施青天; "Clear-Sky Shi"), was a much-praised Qing dynasty official during the Kangxi Emperor's reign. He was the son of general Shi Lang.
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Zhuge Ke Zhuge Ke (203–253), courtesy name Yuanxun, was a military general and regent of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the eldest son of Zhuge Jin, a military general who served under Wu's founding emperor, Sun Quan. After Sun Quan's death in 252, Zhuge Ke served as regent for Sun Quan's son and successor, Sun Liang, but the regency proved to be militarily disastrous due to Zhuge Ke's aggressive foreign policy towards Wu's rival state, Cao Wei. In 253, he was ousted from power in a "coup d'état" and killed along with his family.
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Wei Qing Wei Qing (died 106 BC), courtesy name Zhongqing, born Zheng Qing in Linfen, Shanxi, was a military general of the Western Han dynasty whose campaigns against the Xiongnu earned him great acclaim. He was a relative of Emperor Wu of Han because he was the younger half-brother of Empress Wei Zifu (Emperor Wu's wife) and the husband of Princess Pingyang. He was also the uncle of Huo Qubing, another notable Han general who participated in the campaigns against the Xiongnu.
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Cho Man-sik Cho Man-sik (Korean: 조만식 , pen-name Kodang) (1 February 1883 – October? 1950) was a nationalist activist in Korea's independence movement. He became involved in the power struggle that enveloped North Korea in the months following the Japanese surrender after World War II. Originally Cho was supported by the Soviet Union for the eventual rule of North Korea. However, due to his opposition to trusteeship, Cho lost Soviet support and was forced from power by the Soviet-backed communists in the north. Placed under house arrest in January 1946, he later disappeared into the North Korean prison system, where he is generally believed to have been executed soon after the start of the Korean War.
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Bo Yibo Bo Yibo (17 February 1908 – 15 January 2007) (in older texts spelled Po I-po) was a Chinese political and military leader. He was one of the most senior political figures in China during the 1980s and 1990s.