The Battle of Bardia included explosive charges that are placed in what kind of connected housings?
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Battle of Bardia The Battle of Bardia was fought over three days between 3 and 5 January 1941, as part of Operation Compass, the first military operation of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. It was the first battle of the war in which an Australian Army formation took part, the first to be commanded by an Australian general and the first to be planned by an Australian staff. Major General Iven Mackay's 6th Division assaulted the strongly held Italian fortress of Bardia, Libya, assisted by air support and naval gunfire, and under the cover of an artillery barrage. The 16th Infantry Brigade attacked at dawn from the west, where the defences were known to be weak. Sappers blew gaps in the barbed wire with Bangalore torpedoes and filled in and broke down the sides of the anti-tank ditch with picks and shovels. This allowed the infantry and 23 Matilda II tanks of the 7th Royal Tank Regiment to enter the fortress and capture all their objectives, along with 8,000 prisoners.
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Bangalore torpedo A Bangalore torpedo is an explosive charge placed within one or several connected tubes. It is used by combat engineers to clear obstacles that would otherwise require them to approach directly, possibly under fire. It is sometimes colloquially referred to as a "Bangalore mine", "banger" or simply "Bangalore".
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Embrasure In military architecture, an embrasure is the opening in a crenellation or battlement between the two raised solid portions or merlons, sometimes called a "crenel" or "crenelle". In domestic architecture this refers to the outward splay of a window or arrow slit on the inside.
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Tower houses in the Balkans A distinctive type of Ottoman tower houses ( Albanian: "kullë" ; Bulgarian: кули , "kuli"; Serbian: kуле , all meaning "towers", from Persian "qulla", meaning "mountain" or "top" via Turkish "kule") developed and were built in the Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia), as well as in Romania, after the Ottoman conquest in the Middle Ages by both Christian and Muslim communities. The practice began during the decline of Ottoman power in the 17th century and flourished until the early 20th century. The tower houses were typically made out of stone, rose three or four storeys, and were square or rectangular in shape. They served both military (defence, watchtower) and civilian (residential) purposes in order to protect the extended family.
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Battalia (formation) From the late 16th century into the 18th century battalia, was a description used both for the positioning of units in an army (or navy) on a battle field and the formation in which individual units deployed for battle (battle array or battle order). Sometimes it was used to describe the main body of an army deploy for battle but excluding the wings and other units such as those deployed in front of the main line in skirmishing formation etc. Battalia differs from battalion which is generally the smallest military unit capable of independent operations and would have formed up in its battalia when going into battle.
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Barrack buster Barrack buster is the colloquial name given to several improvised mortars, developed in the 1990s by the engineering group of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA).
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Saint Mary's Battery (Marsalforn) Saint Mary's Battery (Maltese: "Batterija ta' Santa Marija" ), also known as Qolla s-Safra Battery (Maltese: "Batterija tal-Qolla s-Safra" ) or Gironda Battery (Maltese: "Batterija ta' Gironda" ), was an artillery battery in Marsalforn, limits of Żebbuġ, Gozo, Malta. It was built by the Order of Saint John in 1715 as one of a series of coastal fortifications around the Maltese Islands.
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Hitt's Mill and Houses Hitt's Mill and Houses, also known as Pry's Mill, Valley Mills, Hitt (or Cost) House, is a historic home and mill complex located at Keedysville, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It is a five-story stone and brick structure built as a grist mill. The ground story and the first full story above ground level are constructed of coursed limestone; the upper stories are built of brick. Also on the property is a square log outbuilding with a hipped roof, a large frame bank barn, and part of a fieldstone barnyard fence. The mill and the Hitt house served as hospitals during and after the nearby Civil War Battle of Antietam.
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Battle of Čegar The Battle of Čegar (Serbian: Битка на Чегру/Bitka na Čegru ), also known as the Battle of Kamenica (Бој на Каменици/Boj na Kamenici) was a battle of the First Serbian Uprising between the Serbian Revolutionaries and Ottoman forces near the Niš Fortress on 31 May 1809. Fought on the Čegar hill situated between the villages of Donji Matejevac and Kamenica near Niš in what is today southeastern Serbia, it ended in an Ottoman victory. Commander Stevan Sinđelić famously blew up the gunpowder magazine when the Ottomans overtook his trench, killing every one in it. Skulls of dead Serb rebels were embedded into the Skull Tower.
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Wilġa Battery Wilġa Battery (Maltese: "Batterija tal-Wilġa" ), also known as Saint James Battery (Maltese: "Batterija ta' San Ġakbu" ) or Zondodari Battery (Maltese: "Batterija ta' Zondodari" ), is a former artillery battery in Delimara, Marsaxlokk, Malta. It was built in 1714 by the Order of Saint John as one of a series of coastal fortifications around the coasts of the Maltese Islands. Today, the battery's gun platform is largely destroyed, but its blockhouse remains intact and has been restored.
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Bard's Field Bard's Field, or Bard's Field on Trinity Manor, is a historic home located at Ridge, St. Mary's County, Maryland, United States. It was built in the early 19th century. It is a 1 ⁄ -story frame house on a brick foundation with double exterior end chimneys. The house is representative of a common, 18th century, Southern Maryland house type. Formerly operated as a bed and breakfast, it is currently (May 2012) for sale.
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Naval Colony Naval Colony (Urdu: نیول کالونی ‎ ) (also known as Haroon Bahria Co-operative Housing Society or H.B.C.H.S.) is one of the neighbourhoods of Baldia Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It has divided into four sectors, two sectors has 12 streets and two has 14 and each street has 72 houses (although some street of each sectors has less than 72 houses).There are three Masajids Masjid Quba, Masjid Nimra, Mudarsa.
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Fort Darland Fort Darland was a post-mediaeval infantry fort built from 1870 to 1900 as part of the defensive network for Chatham Dockyard. It was demolished in the 1960s and the site used for housing. Some earthworks and encasement remain and are visible on aerial photographs.
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Ceramic houses Ceramic houses are buildings made of an earth mixture which is high in clay, and fired to become ceramic. The process of building and firing such houses was developed by Iranian architect, Nader Khalili, in the late 1970s. he named it Geltaftan; "Gel", means "clay", and "taftan", means "firing, baking, and weaving clay" in Persian. Khalili's research into creating ceramic houses was strongly based on the idea that permanent, water-resistant, and earthquake-resistant houses could be built with the implementation of the four elements: earth and water to build the forms, and fire and air to finish them. His impassioned work led to a few small scale projects in Iran, including the Javadabad Elementary school, and the Ghaled Mofid restoration project. Aside from Khalili's own documented work, there seems to be little widespread research on ceramic houses.
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Defensive wall A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. In ancient to modern times, they were used to enclose settlements. Generally, these are referred to as city walls or town walls, although there were also walls, such as the Great Wall of China, Walls of Benin, Hadrian's Wall, Anastasian Wall, the Cyclopean Wall Rajgir and the metaphorical Atlantic Wall, which extended far beyond the borders of a city and were used to enclose regions or mark territorial boundaries. In mountainous terrain, defensive walls such as "letzis" were used in combination with castles to seal valleys from potential attack. Beyond their defensive utility, many walls also had important symbolic functions representing the status and independence of the communities they embraced.
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Centenarium A centenarium is a type of Ancient Roman fortified farmhouse in the Limes Tripolitanus. It is called even in the plural "Centenaria", because in the Limes Tripolitanus there were more than 2000 of these "fortifications", connected to create a defensive system against desert tribe raids.
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Bastion fort A bastion fort, star fort or trace italienne, is a fortification in a style that evolved during the age of gunpowder when the cannon came to dominate the battlefield. It was first seen in the mid-15th century in Italy.
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Fortifications of Birgu The fortifications of Birgu (Maltese: "Is-Swar tal-Birgu" ) are a series of defensive walls and other fortifications which surround the city of Birgu, Malta. The first fortification to be built was Fort Saint Angelo in the Middle Ages, and the majority of the fortifications were built between the 16th and 18th centuries by the Order of Saint John. Most of the fortifications remain largely intact today.
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Firing points A firing point is a prepared fighting position from which infantry can defend territory with minimal exposure to return fire. Construction ranges from simple sandbag walls to sophisticated, permanent fortifications. Large artillery emplacements, for example, are vulnerable to attack by lightly armed and mobile troops who can avoid the primary armament's field of fire by dispersal or stealth, or by taking advantage of the limitations in the weapon's traverse or depression. Military engineers typically include firing points in these constructions, allowing defenders to deflect such an attack. This includes slit trenches, pillboxes, and redoubts.
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Skull Tower Skull Tower (Serbian: Ћеле Кула, "Ćele kula" , ) is a stone structure embedded with human skulls located in Niš, Serbia. It was constructed following the Battle of Čegar of May 1809, during the First Serbian Uprising. Serbian rebels under the command of Stevan Sinđelić were attacked by the Ottomans on Čegar Hill, near Niš. Knowing that he and his fighters would be impaled if captured, Sinđelić detonated a powder magazine within the rebel entrenchment, killing himself, his fellow rebels and the encroaching Ottoman soldiers. Vizier Hurshid Pasha ordered that a tower be made from the skulls of the fallen rebels. The tower is 4.5 m high, and originally contained 952 skulls embedded on four sides in 14 rows.
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Fortifications of Malta The fortifications of Malta consist of a number of walled cities, citadels, forts, towers, batteries, redoubts, entrenchments and pillboxes. The fortifications were built over thousands of years, from around 1450 BC to the mid-20th century, and they are a result of the Maltese islands' strategic position and natural harbours, which have made them very desirable for various powers.
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Fortification Fortifications are military constructions or buildings designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and also used to solidify rule in a region during peace time. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs. The term is derived from the Latin "fortis" ("strong") and "facere" ("to make").