Beanbag genetics is a conceptual model of genetics which was used by early Mendelians, who used to keep colored beans in bags as a way of tracking Mendelian ratios, which British-born scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and in mathematics, where he made innovative contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics, and who treated genes as independent entities to simplify their mathematical analysis of population genetics?
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Beanbag genetics Beanbag genetics is a conceptual model of genetics which was used by early Mendelians, who used to keep colored beans in bags as a way of tracking Mendelian ratios. To be able to understand beanbag genetics, the meaning of population has to change. Population is no longer a group of individuals in an area but are all the Alleles in an area that assort and segregate separately. All of the alleles become the gene pool. When using the beanbag approach, there are two ways that the gene pool can be viewed. The first is to view the gene pool as all the alleles that represent all the traits in the population be viewed at once. The second, the gene pool could only be alleles for a single trait in the population. Once the alleles are chosen for the gene pool they are selected for at random. Phrase was first coined by Ernst Mayr in criticizing the work of Ronald Fisher and J. B. S. Haldane who treated genes as independent entities to simplify their mathematical analysis of population genetics. Mayr created the name, beanbag, because all the alleles were thought of like beans in a beanbag. The beanbag full of beans would be considered the gene pool for the population.
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J. B. S. Haldane John Burdon Sanderson Haldane ( ; 5 November 1892 – 1 December 1964) was a British-born scientist known for his work in the study of physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and in mathematics, where he made innovative contributions to the fields of statistics and biostatistics. He was the son of the equally famous John Scott Haldane and was a professed socialist, Marxist, atheist, and humanist whose political dissent led him to leave England in 1956 and live in India, becoming a naturalised Indian citizen in 1961.
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People of the British Isles The People of the British Isles (PoBI) is an ongoing population genetics project based at the University of Oxford.
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Andrew Crawford (neuroscientist) Andrew Charles Crawford (born 1949) {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} is a British neuroscientist. He is a Professor at the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience of the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Trinity College.
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Peter Medawar Sir Peter Brian Medawar {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 28 February 1915 – 2 October 1987) was a British biologist born in Brazil, whose work on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance was fundamental to the practice of tissue and organ transplants. For his works in immunology he is regarded as the "father of transplantation". He is remembered for his wit in real life and popular writings. Famous zoologists such as Richard Dawkins, referred to him as "the wittiest of all scientific writers", and Stephen Jay Gould, as "the cleverest man I have ever known".
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Behavioural genetics Behavioural genetics (Commonwealth English) or behavioral genetics (American English), also referred to as behaviour genetics, is a field of scientific research that uses genetic methods to investigate the nature and origins of individual differences in behaviour. While the name "behavioural genetics" connotes a focus on genetic influences, the field broadly investigates genetic and environmental influences, using research designs that allow removal of the confounding of genes and environment. Behavioural genetics was founded as a scientific discipline by Francis Galton in the late 19th century, only to be discredited through association with eugenics movements before and during World War II. In the latter half of the 20th century, the field saw renewed prominence with research on inheritance of behaviour and mental illness in humans (typically using twin and family studies), as well as research on genetically informative model organisms through selective breeding and crosses. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, technological advances in molecular genetics made it possible to measure and modify the genome directly. This led to major advances in model organism research (e.g., knockout mice) and in human studies (e.g., genome-wide association studies), leading to new scientific discoveries.
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Quantitative genetics Quantitative genetics is a branch of population genetics that deals with phenotypes that vary continuously (in characters such as height or mass)—as opposed to discretely identifiable phenotypes and gene-products (such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical).
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Andrew Read Professor Andrew P. Read {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 1939) is a British medical geneticist.
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Rodney Harris Professor Rodney Harris CBE, FRCP, FRCPath (born 1932) is a British geneticist.
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Philip Candelas Philip Candelas, FRS (born 24 October 1951, London, UK) is a British physicist and mathematician and a fellow of Royal Society.
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James Beament Sir James William Longman Beament (17 November 1921 – 10 March 2005) was a British scientist who studied insect physiology and psychoacoustics. He has been described as "an international authority" on "the structure and waterproofing of insect eggs".
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David Balding David Balding is an Australian  statistician and Professor in Statistical Genetics at University College London. Until October 2009 he was a Professor in Statistical Genetics Imperial College London, where he still retains an affiliation as Visiting Professor. He was educated at the University of Newcastle, Australia and the University of Oxford, and is an editor of the "Handbook of Statistical Genetics".
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Breed method Breed method is a laboratory technique used for counting microorganisms in milk. It was introduced in 1910 by American biologists Samuel Cate Prescott and Robert Stanley Breed.
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Sue Povey Professor Susan Povey FMedSci (born 1942), also known as Sue, is a British geneticist.
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Bryan Sykes Bryan Clifford Sykes (born 9 September 1947) is a Fellow of Wolfson College, and Emeritus Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford.
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Sewall Wright Sewall Green Wright (December 21, 1889March 3, 1988) was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis. He was a founder of population genetics alongside Ronald Fisher and J.B.S. Haldane, which was a major step in the development of the modern synthesis combining genetics with evolution. He discovered the inbreeding coefficient and methods of computing it in pedigree animals. He extended this work to populations, computing the amount of inbreeding between members of populations as a result of random genetic drift, and along with Fisher he pioneered methods for computing the distribution of gene frequencies among populations as a result of the interaction of natural selection, mutation, migration and genetic drift. Wright also made major contributions to mammalian and biochemical genetics.
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Human biology Human biology is an interdisciplinary area of study that examines humans through the influences and interplay of many diverse fields such as genetics, evolution, physiology, anatomy, epidemiology, anthropology, ecology, nutrition, population genetics and sociocultural influences. It is closely related to biological anthropology and other biological fields.
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John Cairns (biochemist) (Hugh) John Forster Cairns FRS (born 21 November 1922) is a British physician and molecular biologist who made significant contributions to molecular genetics, cancer research, and public health.
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Wilfrid Hodges Wilfrid Augustine Hodges, FBA (born 27 May 1941) is a British mathematician, known for his work in model theory.
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Martin Bland John Martin Bland (born 6 March 1947), known as Martin Bland, is a British statistician. He has been professor of health statistics at the University of York since 2003. Bland is known for his work on medical measurement, particularly methodology for method comparison studies such as the Bland-Altman plot.
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Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.
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Bayesian statistics Bayesian statistics, named for Thomas Bayes (1701–1761), is a theory in the field of statistics in which the evidence about the true state of the world is expressed in terms of "degrees of belief" known as Bayesian probabilities. Such an interpretation is only one of a number of interpretations of probability and there are other statistical techniques that are not based on 'degrees of belief'. One of the key ideas of Bayesian statistics is that "probability is orderly opinion, and that inference from data is nothing other than the revision of such opinion in the light of relevant new information."