Who wrote the book used as the lead text formalised as the Seven Military Classics?
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The Art of War The Art of War is an ancient Chinese military treatise dating from the Spring and Autumn period in 5th century BC. The work, which is attributed to the ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu ("Master Sun", also spelled Sunzi), is composed of 13 chapters. Each one is devoted to a distinct aspect of warfare and how that applies to military strategy and tactics. For almost 1,500 years it was the lead text in an anthology that would be formalised as the Seven Military Classics by Emperor Shenzong of Song in 1080. "The Art of War" remains the most influential strategy text in East Asia. It has also had an influence on Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, legal strategy and beyond.
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Sun Tzu Sun Tzu ( ; also rendered as Sun Zi 孫子) was a Chinese general, military strategist, and philosopher who lived in the Spring and Autumn period of ancient China. Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the author of "The Art of War", a widely influential work of military strategy that has affected both Western and Eastern philosophy. Aside from his legacy as the author of "The Art of War", Sun Tzu is revered in Chinese and the Culture of Asia as a legendary historical figure. His birth name was Sun Wu, and he was known outside of his family by his courtesy name Changqing. The name "Sun Tzu" by which he is best known in the West is an honorific which means "Master Sun".
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Book of Wumu The Book of Wumu is a fictional military treatise mentioned in Jin Yong's "Condor Trilogy". The book was written by the Song Dynasty general Yue Fei.
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Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor In 1670, when the Kangxi Emperor was sixteen years old, he issued the Sacred Edict 聖諭 ("Sheng Yu"), consisting of sixteen maxims, each seven characters long, to instruct the average citizen in the basic principles of Confucian orthodoxy. They were to be publicly posted in every town and village, then read aloud two times each month. Since they were written in terse formal classical Chinese, a local scholar was required explicate them using the local dialect of the spoken language. This practice continued into the 20th century.
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LACTOR LACTOR (London Association of Classical Teachers - Original Records) are a series of sourcebooks published by the LACTOR committee since 1968. The books give translations of primary source material, accompanied by relevant annotations. They are designed so that the reader requires no prior knowledge on the area. The books cover the history of Greece between 478 BC and 323 BC, and the history of Rome between 113 BC and 117 AD. The history of Roman Britain is also covered, between 113 BC and 410 AD. Parts of LACTOR are used in OCR's GCE Advanced Level Ancient History and Classical Civilisation courses.
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John Hennen Dr John Hennen FRSE (1779-1828) was an Irish-born military surgeon and author of the acclaimed medical textbook "The Principles of Military Surgery".
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Novellae Constitutiones The Novellae Constitutiones ("new constitutions"; Latin: "Novellæ constitutiones" , Greek: Νεαραί διατάξεις ), or Justinian's Novels, are now considered one of the four major units of Roman law initiated by Roman Emperor Justinian I in the course of his long reign (AD 527–565). The other three pieces are: the "Codex Justinianus", the "Digest", and the "Institutes". Justinian's quaestor Tribonian was primarily responsible for compiling these last three. Together, the four parts are known as the "Corpus Juris Civilis". Whereas the Code, Digest, and Institutes were designed by Justinian as coherent works, the Novels are diverse laws enacted after 534 (when he promulgated the second edition of the Code) that never were officially compiled during his reign.
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Charles Pasley General Sir Charles William Pasley KCB FRS (1780–1861) was a British soldier and military engineer who wrote the defining text on the role of the post-American revolution British Empire: "An Essay on the Military Policy and Institutions of the British Empire", published in 1810. This text changed how Britons thought their empire should relate to the rest of the world. He warned that Britain could not keep its Empire by its "splendid isolation". Britain would need to fight to gain its empire, and by using the colonies as a resource for soldiers and sailors it grew by an average of 100000 sqmi per year between the Battle of Waterloo and the American Civil War. Serving in the Royal Engineers in the Napoleonic Wars, he was Europe's leading demolitions expert and siege warfare specialist.
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An officer and a gentleman An officer and a gentleman is a concept and phrase widely used in and about the British armed services from at least the early nineteenth century. The phrase was codified in Article 133 of the US Uniform Code of Military Justice which allows "Conduct unbecoming of an officer and a gentleman" to be punished by a court martial.
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Thomas Jefferson Education Thomas Jefferson Education, also known as "TJEd" or "Leadership Education" is a philosophy and methodology of education which is popular among some alternative educators, including private schools, charter schools and homeschoolers. It is based on the Seven Keys of Great Teaching and the Phases of Learning. This educational paradigm was popularized through the writing and teaching of Oliver and Rachel DeMille, co-authors of the TJEd resource materials. TJED is the reestablishment of a classical Liberal Arts Education based on the education of the founding American era and other classic periods on history.
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Astronomica (Manilius) The Astronomica (] or ]), also known as the Astronomicon, is a Latin didactic poem written in hexameters and divided into five books about celestial phenomena. The "Astronomica" was penned c. AD 10– 20 by a Roman poet whose name was likely Marcus Manilius; little is known of Manilius, and although there is evidence that the "Astronomica" was read by many other Roman writers, no surviving works quote him. The poem was rediscovered c. 1416– 1417 by the Italian humanist and scholar Poggio Bracciolini, who had a copy made from which the modern text derives.
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Lieber Code The Lieber Code of April 24, 1863, also known as Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field, General Order № 100, or Lieber Instructions, was an instruction signed by US President Abraham Lincoln to the Union Forces of the United States during the American Civil War that dictated how soldiers should conduct themselves in wartime. Its name reflects its author, the German-American legal scholar and political philosopher Franz Lieber.
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Military art (military science) Military art (French: "L'Art de la Guerre" ) (lit. art of war) is a field of theoretical research and training methodology in military science used in the conduct of military operations on land, in the maritime or air environments. Military art includes the study and application of the principles of warfare and laws of war that apply equally to the closely interrelated military strategy, operational art and tactics. Exercise of military art is highly dependent on the economics and logistics supporting the armed forces, their military technology and equipment, and reflects the social influences on the military organisation exercising military art. Often misunderstood due to its 19th-century perception as generally "including the entire subject of war", it is primarily, as the term implies, the expression of creative thinking on the part of the decision-makers in employing their forces, with the map of the area of operations as a veritable canvas, and the movement of forces commonly marked on the map with arrows, as brush strokes. Less imaginatively it was defined in France during the 19th century as
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Hellenica Hellenica (Ἑλληνικά ) simply means writings on Greek (Hellenic) subjects. Several histories of fourth-century Greece, written in the mold of Thucydides or straying from it, have borne the conventional Latin title "Hellenica". The surviving "Hellenica" is an important work of the Greek writer Xenophon and one of the principal sources for the final seven years of the Peloponnesian War not covered by Thucydides, and the war's aftermath.
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Basic Battle Skills Basic Battle Skills is a field training manual formerly issued to individual soldiers in the British Army.
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De velitatione bellica De velitatione bellica is the conventional Latin title for the Byzantine military treatise on skirmishing and guerrilla-type border warfare, composed circa 970. Its original Greek title is Περὶ Παραδρομῆς ("Peri Paradromēs", "On Skirmishing").
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Writing of Principia Mathematica Isaac Newton composed "Principia Mathematica" during 1685 and 1686, and it was published in a first edition on 5 July 1687. Widely regarded as one of the most important works in both the science of physics and in applied mathematics during the Scientific Revolution, the work underlies much of the technological and scientific advances from the Industrial Revolution (usually dated from 1750) which it helped to create.
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Cocker's Arithmetick Cocker's Arithmetick, also known by its full title "Cocker's Arithmetick: Being a Plain and Familiar Method Suitable to the Meanest Capacity for the Full Understanding of That Incomparable Art, As It Is Now Taught by the Ablest School-Masters in City and Country", is a grammar school mathematics textbook written by Edward Cocker (1631–1676) and published posthumously by John Hawkins in 1677. "Arithmetick" along with companion volume, "Decimal Arithmetick" published in 1684, were used to teach mathematics in schools in the United Kingdom for more than 150 years.
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Classic of Mountains and Seas The Classic of Mountains and Seas or Shan Hai Jing, formerly romanized as the Shan-hai Ching, is a Chinese classic text and a compilation of mythic geography and myth. Versions of the text have existed since the 4th century BC, but the present form was not reached until the early Han dynasty a few centuries later. It is largely a fabulous geographical and cultural account of pre-Qin China as well as a collection of Chinese mythology. The book is divided into eighteen sections; it describes over 550 mountains and 300 channels.
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Military leadership in the American Civil War Military leadership in the American Civil War was influenced by professional military education and the hard-earned pragmatism of command experience. While not all leaders had formal military training, the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York and the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis created dedicated cadres of professional officers whose understanding of military science had profound effect on the conduct of the American Civil War and whose lasting legacy helped forge the traditions of the modern U.S. officer corps of all service branches.
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Hans von Dach Hans von Dach (1927–2003) was a Swiss military theorist. He was the author of the influential seven-volume 1957 guerrilla warfare manual "Total Resistance" ("Der totale Widerstand: Eine Kleinkriegsanleitung für Jedermann"), which made him the internationally best-known Swiss tactical theorist.<ref name="MPR 1/2012"> </ref>
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Old Book of Tang The Old Book of Tang, or simply the Book of Tang, is the first classic historical work about the Tang dynasty, comprising 200 chapters, and is one of the Twenty-Four Histories. Originally compiled during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, it was superseded by the "New Book of Tang" which was compiled in the Song dynasty, but later regained acceptance.