The Tower Commission had a National Security Advisor who had served in what previous capacity?
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Tower Commission The Tower Commission was commissioned on 1 December 1986 by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in response to the Iran Contra scandal. Reagan appointed Republican and former Senator John Tower of Texas, former Secretary of State Edmund Muskie, and former National Security Advisor Brent Scowcroft.
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Brent Scowcroft Brent Scowcroft ( ; born March 19, 1925) is a retired United States Air Force lieutenant general who was the United States National Security Advisor under U.S. Presidents Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush. He also served as Military Assistant to President Richard Nixon and as Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs in the Nixon and Ford administrations. He served as Chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005 and assisted President Barack Obama in choosing his national security team.
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Howard Teicher Howard Teicher served as Director for the Near East and South Asia and Senior Director for Political-Military Affairs on the staff of the National Security Council from 1982 to 1987, after working under Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan at the Departments of State and Defense.
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Robert Hutchings Robert Hutchings is the Walt and Elspeth Rostow Chair in National Security at the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas, Austin and served as dean of the school from 2010 to 2015. Previously he was Diplomat-in-Residence at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. Hutchings joined the Princeton faculty in 1997, and his research interests include international relations, diplomacy, and European affairs. Hutchings is best known as the former chair of the National Intelligence Council, a position he held from 2003 to 2005, during a leave of absence from Princeton. On December 15, 2009, Hutchings was appointed Dean of the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas, Austin, a position he assumed effective March 22, 2010.
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Katherine G. Howard Katherine Graham Howard (September 30, 1898 – January 26, 1986) was a graduate of Smith College with a bachelor's degree in politics and government. During the Eisenhower administration she served in the Federal Civil Defense Administration, U.S. delegate to NATO committee on civil defense, and Deputy U.S. Commissioner General to the Brussels World Fair. She was the daughter of artist Margaret Nowell Graham and Joseph L. Graham, a director at R.J. Reynolds. Her brother was John Stephens Graham.
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Louis W. Tordella Louis William Tordella (May 1, 1911 – January 10, 1996) was the longest serving deputy director of the National Security Agency.
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Arthur Melvin Okun Arthur Melvin "Art" Okun (November 28, 1928 – March 23, 1980) was an American economist. He served as the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers between 1968 and 1969. Before serving on the C.E.A., he was a professor at Yale University and, afterwards, was a fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C.
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T. Kenneth Cribb Jr. Troy Kenneth "Ken" Cribb Jr. is a former presidential advisor to President Ronald Reagan.
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Albert M. Calland III Albert M. Calland III (born 1952) is a former United States Navy admiral who was the Deputy Director for Strategic Operational Planning at the National Counterterrorism Center. He also previously served as Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from July 2005 to July 2006.
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Leutrell Osborne Leutrell M. Osborne, Sr. (born 1939) is a veteran of the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and a leading authority on international intelligence and security issues.
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Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration The foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under the Administration of President Bill Clinton. Clinton's main foreign policy advisors were Secretaries of State Warren M. Christopher and Madeleine Albright and National Security Advisors Anthony Lake and Sandy Berger.
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Robert Gates Robert Michael "Bob" Gates (born September 25, 1943) is an American politician, scholar, and university president who served as the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense from 2006 to 2011. Gates initially began his career serving as an officer in the United States Air Force but was quickly recruited by the CIA. Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Council, and was Director of Central Intelligence under President George H. W. Bush. After leaving the CIA, Gates became president of Texas A&M University and was a member of several corporate boards. Gates served as a member of the Iraq Study Group, the bipartisan commission co-chaired by James A. Baker III and Lee H. Hamilton, that studied the lessons of the Iraq War.
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Fiona Hill (presidential advisor) Fiona Hill (born October 1965) an Anglo-American foreign affairs specialist and national security official specializing in the former Soviet Union and Russian and European affairs. In April 2017, she was appointed by U.S. President Donald Trump as Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for European and Russian Affairs on his National Security Council staff.
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Jack O'Connell (diplomat) John W. "Jack" O'Connell (August 18, 1921– July 12, 2010) was an American intelligence official, lawyer, diplomat, and author. He was a key adviser and confidant to King Hussein of Jordan.
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Franklin Miller Franklin C. Miller KBE (born 1950) is a retired senior U.S. government official who is now a Principal at the Washington-based international business advisory firm The Scowcroft Group and is also an independent defense consultant. He also holds positions with the Center for Strategic and International Studies and the Atlantic Council of the United States. He serves on several corporate Boards and also is a member of a number of U.S. government advisory bodies. Miller served 31 years in the U.S. government, including the Department of State, the Department of Defense and, finally at the White House as a Special Assistant to President George W. Bush.
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Reed Hundt Reed Eric Hundt (born March 3, 1948) is an American attorney who served as chairman of the United States Federal Communications Commission from November 29, 1993 to November 3, 1997. Appointed by President Bill Clinton, he served for most of Clinton's first term. He was succeeded by William Kennard.
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Richard Lehman (CIA officer) Richard "Dick" Lehman (12 June 1923–17 February 2007) joined the Central Intelligence Agency in 1949 and served for 33 years before retiring. As a junior analyst, he worked in the General Division of the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE) using SIGINT to puzzle out the organization and output of various Soviet industrial ministries. He then spent much of his career in the Office of Current Intelligence (OCI), eventually serving as its director from 1970 to 1975. Lehman also served as Director of the Office of Strategic Research from 1975 to 1976, as Deputy to the DCI for National Intelligence from 1976 to 1977, and as chairman of the National Intelligence Council from 1979 to 1981.
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Roswell Gilpatric Roswell Leavitt Gilpatric (November 4, 1906 – March 15, 1996) was a prominent New York City corporate attorney and government official who served as Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1961–64, when he played a pivotal role in the high-stake strategies of the Cuban Missile Crisis, advising President John F. Kennedy as well as Robert McNamara and McGeorge Bundy on dealing with the Russian nuclear missile threat. Gilpatric later served as Chairman of the Task Force on Nuclear Proliferation in 1964.
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Ferdinand Eberstadt Ferdinand A. Eberstadt (June 19, 1890 – November 11, 1969) was an American lawyer, investment banker, and an important policy advisor to the United States government who was instrumental in the creation of the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency.
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Edwin &quot;Pa&quot; Watson Edwin Martin "Pa" Watson (10 December 1883 – 20 February 1945) was a United States Army Major General, friend and a senior aide to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, serving both as a military advisor and Appointments secretary (a role that is now encompassed under the duties of the modern-day White House Chief of Staff).
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David Manker Abshire David Manker Abshire (April 11, 1926 – October 31, 2014) served as a Special Counselor to President Reagan and was the United States Permanent Representative to NATO from 1983–87. Abshire presided over the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress.
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Robert Blackwill Robert Dean Blackwill (born August 8, 1939) is a retired American diplomat, author, Senior Fellow at the Council of Foreign Relations and lobbyist. Blackwill was the United States Ambassador to India (2001–2003), and United States National Security Council Deputy for Iraq (2003–2004), where he was a liaison between Paul Bremer and Condoleezza Rice.