In what year was the US naval gun designed for the battleships to help Argentina counter Brazil's two "Minas Geraes"- class battleships?
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12&quot;/50 caliber gun (Argentina) The 12"/50 caliber "Bethlehem" gun was a US naval gun designed in 1910 as the main armament for the Argentine Navy’s dreadnought battleships of the "Rivadavia" class .
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Rivadavia-class battleship The "Rivadavia" class consisted of two battleships designed by the American Fore River Shipbuilding Company for the Argentine Navy. Named "Rivadavia" and "Moreno" after important figures in Argentine history, they were Argentina's entry in the South American dreadnought race and a counter to Brazil's two "Minas Geraes"-class battleship s.
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Battleship A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries the battleship was the most powerful type of warship, and a fleet of battleships was considered vital for any nation that desired to maintain command of the sea.
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Type 3 120 mm 45 caliber naval gun Type 3 120 mm 45 caliber naval gun was a Japanese naval gun and coast defense gun used on destroyers, submarines and torpedo boats of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War I and World War II. The proper title of the gun under the Japanese naval artillery naming system is 12 cm/45 3rd Year Type naval gun. Other guns using this naming system are the 41 cm/45 3rd Year Type naval gun, 20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval gun, 15.5 cm/60 3rd Year Type naval gun and the 12.7 cm/50 Type 3 naval gun.
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Mine planter (U.S. Army) Mine planter and the earlier "torpedo planter" was a term used for mine warfare ships into the early days of World War I. In later terminology, particularly in the United States, a mine planter was a ship specifically designed to install controlled mines or contact mines in coastal fortifications. This type of ship diverged in both function and design from a ship operating as a naval minelayer. Though the vessel may be seagoing it is not designed to lay large numbers of mines in open sea. A mine planter was designed to place controlled minefields in exact locations so that they might be fired individually or as a group from shore when observers noted a target to be at or near a designated mine's position. The terms and types of specialized ship existed from the 1860s where "torpedoes" were made famous in the American Civil War until the demise of large, fixed coastal fortifications brought on by the changes of World War II.
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USS Vesuvius (1888) USS "Vesuvius", the third ship of the United States Navy named for the Italian volcano, was a unique vessel in the Navy inventory which marked a departure from more conventional forms of main battery armament. She is considered a dynamite gun cruiser and was essentially an operational testbed for large dynamite guns.
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Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigate The "Oliver Hazard Perry" class is a class of guided missile frigates named after the American Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, the hero of the naval Battle of Lake Erie. Also known as the "Perry" or FFG-7 class, the warships were designed in the United States in the mid-1970s as general-purpose escort vessels inexpensive enough to be bought in large quantities to replace World War II-era destroyers and complement 1960s-era "Knox"-class frigate s. In Admiral Elmo Zumwalt's "high low fleet plan", the FFG-7s were the low capability ships with the "Spruance"-class destroyer s serving as the high capability ships. Intended to protect amphibious landing forces, supply and replenishment groups, and merchant convoys from aircraft and submarines, they were also later part of battleship-centred surface action groups and aircraft carrier battle groups/strike groups. Fifty-five ships were built in the United States: 51 for the United States Navy and four for the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). In addition, eight were built in Taiwan, six in Spain, and two in Australia for their navies. Former U.S. Navy warships of this class have been sold or donated to the navies of Bahrain, Egypt, Poland, Pakistan, Taiwan and Turkey.
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USS Chicago (CA-29) USS "Chicago" (CL/CA-29) was a "Northampton"-class cruiser of the United States Navy that served in the Pacific Theater in the early years of World War II. She was the second US Navy ship to be named after the city of Chicago. After surviving a midget submarine attack at Sydney Harbour and serving in battle at the Coral Sea and Savo Island in 1942, she was sunk by Japanese aerial torpedoes in the Battle of Rennell Island, in the Solomon Islands, on 30 January 1943.
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15.5 cm/60 3rd Year Type naval gun The 15.5 cm/60 3rd Year Type (60口径三年式15.5cm3連装砲 , 60 kōkei sannenshiki 15.5 centi sanrensōhō ) was a dual-purpose naval gun used by the Imperial Japanese Navy on the "Yamato"-class battleship s as secondary armament in four triple turrets, the "Mogami"-class cruiser s in five triple turrets, the "Tone"-class cruiser s in five triple turrets (The Mogami & Tone class were later converted to five twin 20 cm/50 3rd Year Type naval gun turrets) and on the light cruiser "Ōyodo" in two triple turrets. They were also deployed on 60° single mounts as coastal defense guns in the Tokyo Bay area. Construction was of the monobloc type with autofretting and used a Welin breech block mechanism which could be operated either hydraulically or by hand. Their slow rate of fire, limited elevation and slow traverse made them unsuitable for the AA role, but they were an excellent anti-ship weapon.
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Brazilian ironclad Rio de Janeiro The Brazilian ironclad "Rio de Janeiro" was an armored gunboat (Portuguese: "Canhoneira Couraçada" Nr. 3) built for the Brazilian Navy during the Paraguayan War in the mid-1860s. Like the other two gunboats she was built in Brazil and was designed as a casemate ironclad. Commissioned in April 1866, the ship did not enter combat until September, when she bombarded Paraguayan fortifications at Curuzu. "Rio de Janeiro" hit two mines on 2 September and rapidly sank, taking 53 of her crew with her.
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Re d'Italia-class ironclad The "Re d'Italia" class was a pair of ironclad warships built for the Italian "Regia Marina" (Royal Navy) in the 1860s. The class comprised two ships, "Re d'Italia" and "Re di Portogallo" . The two ships were built in the United States, and were based on the French ironclad "Gloire" ; they were armed with a battery of thirty-eight guns in a broadside arrangement and were protected with 120 mm of wrought iron plating.
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ARA Almirante Brown (1880) ARA "Almirante Brown" was a central battery ironclad of the Argentine Navy built in the 1880s by Samuda Brothers in London. "Almirante Brown" displaced 4200 LT and had a top speed of 14 kn . The ship was protected by a belt of 9 in steel-faced armor and she carried a main battery of eight breech-loading guns. She was among the first major warships in the world to use steel armor, and remained the largest vessel in the Argentine fleet for over 15 years. "Almirante Brown" had a peaceful career in the fleet during the 1880s and 1890s. By the 1920s, she was reduced to a coastal defense ship, and remained in service until the early 1930s. She was stricken from the naval register in November 1932 and sold for scrapping.
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Northampton-class cruiser The "Northampton"-class cruisers were a group of six heavy cruisers built for the United States Navy, and commissioned between 1928 and 1931.
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Italian battleship Vittorio Emanuele Vittorio Emanuele was an Italian pre-dreadnought battleship, laid down in 1901, launched in 1904 and completed in 1908. She was the second member of the "Regina Elena" class , which included three other vessels: "Regina Elena" , "Napoli" , and "Roma" . "Vittorio Emmanuele" was armed with a main battery of two 12 in guns and twelve 8 in guns. She was quite fast for the period, with a top speed of nearly 21 kn .
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1-inch Nordenfelt gun The 1-inch Nordenfelt gun was an early rapid-firing light gun intended to defend larger warships against the new small fast-moving torpedo boats in the late 1870s to the 1890s.
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Gonzalez Hontoria de 16 cm mod 1883 The Gonzalez Hontoria de 16 cm mod 1883 was a Spanish naval gun developed in the late 1800's that armed a variety of warships of the Spanish Navy during the Spanish-American War.
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Re Umberto-class ironclad The "Re Umberto" class were a group of three ironclad battleships built for the Italian Navy in the 1880s and 1890s. The ships—"Re Umberto" , "Sicilia" , and "Sardegna" —were built as the culmination of a major naval expansion program begun in the 1870s following Italy's defeat at the Battle of Lissa in 1866. The "Re Umberto"s incorporated several innovations over previous Italian designs, including a more efficient arrangement of the main battery, installation of wireless telegraphs, and in "Sardegna", the first use of triple-expansion steam engines in an Italian capital ship. Designed by Benedetto Brin, they retained the very thin armor protection and high top speeds of his earlier designs.
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Kearsarge-class battleship The "Kearsarge"-class battleships were two pre-dreadnought battleships built for the United States Navy at the beginning of the 20th century. They were designed to be used for coastal defense. Both of the ships, USS "Kearsarge" and USS "Kentucky" , were authorized in 1895 and commissioned in 1900. Neither ship participated in a major battle, although they participated in the Great White Fleet, the oldest ships on the cruise. "Kentucky" was decommissioned in 1920 and sold for scrap in 1923. "Kearsarge" was also decommissioned in 1920, although it was then converted into a crane ship, and served in that capacity until scrapping in 1955.
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8&quot;/30 caliber gun The 8"/30 caliber gun (spoken "eight-inch-thirty-caliber") formed the main batteries of the United States Navy's "New Navy". They were a US naval gun that first entered service in 1886, and were designed for use with the first three protected cruisers, "Atlanta" , "Boston" and "Chicago" .
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Dreadnought The dreadnought was the predominant type of battleship in the early 20th century. The first of its kind, the Royal Navy's "Dreadnought" , made such a strong impression on people's minds when launched in 1906 that similar battleships built subsequently were referred to generically as "dreadnoughts", and earlier battleships became known as "pre-dreadnoughts". "Dreadnought"' s design had two revolutionary features: an "all-big-gun" armament scheme, with more heavy-calibre guns than previous ships, and steam turbine propulsion. As dreadnoughts became a symbol of national power, the arrival of these new warships was a crucial catalyst in the intensifying naval arms race between the United Kingdom and Germany. With the launch of a single ship, "Dreadnought", the scales of naval power were reset overnight. As a result, dreadnought races sprang up around the world, including in South America, during the lead up to World War I. Successive designs increased rapidly in size and made use of improvements in armament, armour, and propulsion throughout the dreadnought era. Within five years, new battleships had outclassed "Dreadnought". These more powerful vessels were known as "super-dreadnoughts". Most of the original dreadnoughts were scrapped after the end of World War I under the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty, but many of the newer super-dreadnoughts continued to be used throughout World War II. The only surviving dreadnought is USS "Texas" , located near the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site.
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USS Ohio (BB-12) USS "Ohio" (BB-12), a "Maine"-class battleship pre-dreadnought battleship, was the third ship both of her class and of the United States Navy to be named for the 17th state. She was laid down at the Union Iron Works shipyard in San Francisco in April 1899, was launched in May 1901, and was commissioned into the fleet in October 1904. She was armed with a main battery of four 12 in guns and could steam at a top speed of 18 kn .
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14-inch gun M1907 The 14-inch Gun M1907 (356 mm) and its variants the M1907MI, M1909, and M1910 were large coastal artillery pieces installed to defend major American seaports between 1895 and 1945. They were operated by the United States Army Coast Artillery Corps. Most were installed on single gun disappearing carriages; the only installation with four guns in twin turrets was built at the unique Fort Drum in Manila Bay, Philippines. All of the weapons not in the Philippines were scrapped during World War II.