Castra of Izbășești was made in this province that was the largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of Italy until what year
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Castra of Izbășești The Castra of Izbășești was a fort made of earth in the Roman province of Dacia. Erected and abandoned at an uncertain date, the fort was part of the "Limes Transalutanus". Traces of the one time earthwork can be identified on the Corbeasca Hill at Izbășești (commune Stolnici, Romania).
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Roman province In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin: "provincia", pl. "provinciae") was the basic, and, until the Tetrarchy (293 AD), largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of Italy. The word "province" in modern English has its origins in the term used by the Romans.
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Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae The Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae is an ancient "regionary", i.e., a list of monuments, public buildings and civil officials in Constantinople during the mid-5th century (between 425 and the 440s), during the reign of the emperor Theodosius II. The text lists the fourteen regions in which Constantinople was divided, along with the major public buildings such as fora, theatres, churches, palaces, baths and pools. It also lists the number of "houses" ("domus"), although there is uncertainty over the exact meaning of the term. Finally, the list includes the civil officials of each region, including the curators, the heads of the associations ("collegia") and the heads of neighbourhoods ("vicomagistri").
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Roman legion A Roman legion (from Latin "legio" "military levy, conscription", from "legere" "to choose") was the largest unit of the Roman army, evolving from 3000 men in early times to over 5200 men in imperial times, consisting of "centuries" as the basic units. Until the middle of the first century, 10 cohorts (about 5,000 men) made up a Roman Legion. This was later changed to nine cohorts of standard size (with 6 centuries at 80 men each) and one cohort, the first cohort, of double strength (5 double-strength centuries with 160 men each).
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Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire) The Kingdom of Italy (Latin: "Regnum Italiae" or "Regnum Italicum", Italian: "Regno d'Italia") was one of the constituent kingdoms of the Holy Roman Empire, along with the kingdoms of Germany, Bohemia, and Burgundy. It comprised northern and central Italy, but excluded the Republic of Venice. Its original capital was Pavia until the 11th century.
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Occitania Occitania (Occitan: Occitània , ] , ] , ] , ] ] , is the historical region in southern Europe where Occitan was historically the main language spoken, and where it is sometimes still used, for the most part as a second language. This cultural area roughly encompasses the southern half of France, as well as Andorra, Monaco, and smaller parts of Italy (Occitan Valleys, Guardia Piemontese) and Spain (Aran Valley). Occitania has been recognized as a linguistic and cultural concept since the Middle Ages, but has never been a legal nor a political entity under this name, although the territory was united in Roman times as the "Seven Provinces" (Latin: "Septem Provinciæ" ) and in the early Middle Ages ("Aquitanica" or the Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse, or the share of Louis the Pious following Thionville "divisio regnorumi" in 806).
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Kingdom of Granada (Crown of Castile) The Kingdom of Granada ( ; Spanish: "Reino de Granada" ) was a territorial jurisdiction of the Crown of Castile from the conclusion of the "Reconquista" in 1492 until Javier de Burgos' provincial division of Spain in 1833. This was a "kingdom" (""reino"") in the second sense given by the "Diccionario de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española": the Crown of Castile consisted of several such kingdoms. Its extent is detailed in Gelo del Cabildo's 1751 "Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada" (1750–54), which was part of the documentation of a census. Like the other kingdoms within Spain, the Kingdom of Granada was abolished by the 1833 territorial division of Spain.
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Curtis Casalensis Curtis Casalensis has been a territorial institution (1346-1797) in Brianza, Lombardy, Italy. Canz was the chieftown, and had jurisdiction on the communes of Carella, Caslino, Cassina Mariaga, Castelmarte, Longone, Mariaga, Penzano and Proserpio. The formal foundation is dated 1403, during the rule of the House of Visconti in Milan, but its existence is attested at least since 1346 with the name of Team of Canzo ("Squadra Cantii").
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Maxima Caesariensis Maxima Caesariensis (Latin for "The Caesarian province of Maximus"), also known as Britannia Maxima, was one of the provinces of the Diocese of "the Britains" created during the Diocletian Reforms at the end of the 3rd century. It was probably created after the defeat of the usurper Allectus by Constantius Chlorus in  296 and was mentioned in the c. 312 Verona List of the Roman provinces. Its position and capital remain uncertain, although it was probably adjacent to Flavia Caesariensis. On the basis of its governor's eventual consular rank, it is now usually considered to have consisted of Augusta or Londinium (London) and southeastern England.
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Cassandreia Cassandreia (Ancient Greek: Κασσάνδρεια - "Kassandreia") was once one of the most important cities in Ancient Macedonia, founded by and named after Cassander in 316 BC. It was located on the site of the earlier Ancient Greek city of Potidaea, at the isthmus of the Pallene peninsula. The fact that Cassander named it after himself suggests that he may have intended it to be his capital, and if the canal which cuts the peninsula at this point was dug or at least planned in his time, he may have intended to develop his naval forces using it as a base with two harbours on the east and west sides. Cassandreia soon became a great and powerful city, surpassing the other Macedonian towns in wealth. Philip V of Macedon made Cassandreia his main naval base. At the end of the Roman Republic, around 43 BC by order of Brutus a Roman colony was settled by the proconsul Q. Hortensius Hortalus, which 30 BC was resettled by August with the installation of new settlers and took the official name "Colonia Iulia Augusta Cassandrensis". The territory of the colony had included within its boundaries the peninsula of Pallini and the district stretched north of the canal to the foot of the mountain Cholomontas. The colony enjoyed "ius Italicum", and is mentioned in Pliny the Elder's encyclopaedia and in inscriptions. It was destroyed by the Huns and Slavs around 540 AD.
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Imperial Free City of Trieste The Imperial Free City of Trieste and its Suburbs was a Habsburg possession from the 14th century to 1918, called in German as "Reichsunmittelbare Stadt Triest und ihr Gebiet" and in Italian as "Città Imperiale di Trieste e Dintorni". In 1719 it was declared a free port by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor; the construction of the Austrian Southern Railway (1841–57) turned it into a bustling seaport, through which much of the exports and imports of the Austrian Lands were channelled. Trieste was part of the Holy Roman Empire and, later, of the German Confederation and the Austrian Littoral. The city administration and economy were dominated by the city's Italian population element; Italian was the language of administration and jurisdiction. In the later 19th and early 20th century, the city attracted the immigration of workers from the city's hinterlands, many of whom were speakers of Slovene.
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Imperial province An imperial province was a Roman province during the Principate where the Roman Emperor had the sole right to appoint the governor ("legatus Augusti"). These provinces were often the strategically located border provinces.
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Picenum Picenum (Ancient Greek: Πικηνόν, Πικεντίνη ) was a region of ancient Italy. The name is an exonym assigned by the Romans, who conquered and incorporated it into the Roman Republic. Picenum was the "Regio V" in the augustan territorial organization of Italy. Picenum was also the birthplace of such roman notables as Pompey the Great and his father Pompeius Strabo. It was situated in what is now Marche and the northern part of Abruzzo. The Piceni or Picentes were the native population of Picenum, but they were not of uniform ethnicity. They maintained a religious centre in Cupra Marittima, in honor of the goddess Cupra.
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Iberia (theme) The theme of Iberia (Greek: θέμα 'Ιβηρίας ) was an administrative and military unit – theme – within the Byzantine Empire carved by the Byzantine Emperors out of several Georgian lands in the 11th century. It was formed as a result of Emperor Basil II’s annexation of a portion of the Bagrationi Dynasty domains (1000–1021) and later aggrandized at the expense of several Armenian kingdoms acquired by the Byzantines in a piecemeal fashion in the course of the 11th century. The population of the theme—at its largest extent—was multiethnic with a possible Georgian majority, including a sizable Armenian community of Chalcedonic rite to which Byzantines sometimes expanded, as a denominational name, the ethnonym "Iberian", a Graeco-Roman designation of Georgians. The theme ceased to exist in 1074 as a result of the Seljuk invasions.
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Duchy of Perugia The Duchy of Perugia was a duchy (Latin: "ducatus") in the Italian part of the Byzantine Empire. Its civil and military administration was overseen by a duke ("dux") appointed by and under the authority originally of the Praetorian Prefect of Italy (554–584) and later of the Exarch of Ravenna (584–751). Its chief city and namesake was Perugia ("Perusia"), located at its centre. It was a band of territory connecting the Duchy of the Pentapolis to its northeast with the Duchy of Rome to its southwest, and separating the duchies of Tuscia (to its northwest) and Spoleto (to its southeast), both parts of the Lombard Kingdom of Italy. It was of great strategic significance to the Byzantines since it provided communication between Rome, the city of the Popes, and Ravenna, the capital of the Exarchate. Since it cut off the Duke of Spoleto from his nominal overlord, the king ruling from Pavia, it also disturbed the Lombard kingdom, which was a constant thorn in the Byzantines' side. This strategic importance meant that many Lombard and Byzantine armies passed through it.
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Cisplatina Cisplatina Province or Cisplatine Province (Portuguese: "Província Cisplatina" , ] ) was a Brazilian province in existence from 1821 to 1828 created by the Luso-Brazilian annexation of the Oriental Province. From 1815 until 1822 Brazil was part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. After the independence of Brazil and the formation of the Empire of Brazil the Cisplatine Province remained part of it. In 1828, following the Treaty of Montevideo, the Cisplatine Province became independent as Uruguay.
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Praetorian prefect Praetorian prefect (Latin: "praefectus praetorio" , Greek: ) was the title of a high office in the Roman Empire. Originating as the commander of the Praetorian Guard, the office gradually acquired extensive legal and administrative functions, with its holders becoming the Emperor's chief aides. Under Constantine I, the office was much reduced in power and transformed into a purely civilian administrative post, while under his successors, territorially-defined praetorian prefectures emerged as the highest-level administrative division of the Empire. The prefects again functioned as the chief ministers of the state, with many laws addressed to them by name. In this role, praetorian prefects continued to be appointed until the reign of Heraclius in the 7th century AD, when wide-ranging reforms reduced its power and converted it to a mere overseer of provincial administration. The last traces of the prefecture disappeared in the Byzantine Empire by the 840s.
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Roman metallurgy Metals and metal working had been known to the people of modern Italy since the Bronze Age. By 53 BCE, Rome had already expanded to control an immense expanse of the Mediterranean. This included nine provinces radiating from Italy to its islands, Spain, Macedonia, Africa, Asia Minor, Syria and Greece, and by the end of the Emperor Trajan's reign, the Roman Empire had grown further to encompass parts of Britain, Egypt, all of modern Germany west of the Rhine, Dacia, Noricum, Judea, Armenia, Illyria and Thrace (Shepard 1993). As the empire grew, so did its need for metals.
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Cohors V Delmatarum c.R. Cohors quinta Delmatarum civium Romanorum ("5th Cohort of Dalmatae Roman citizens") was a Roman auxiliary infantry regiment. It is named after the Dalmatae (or "Delmatae"), an Illyrian-speaking tribe that inhabited the Adriatic coastal mountain range of the eponymous Dalmatia. The ancient geographer Strabo describes these mountains as extremely rugged, and the Dalmatae as backward and warlike. He claims that they did not use money long after their neighbours adopted it and that they "made war on the Romans for a long time". He also criticises the Dalmatae, a nation of pastoralists, for turning fertile plains into sheep pasture. Indeed, the name of the tribe itself is believed to mean "shepherds", derived from the Illyrian word "delme" ("sheep"). The final time this people fought against Rome was in the Illyrian revolt of AD 6-9. The revolt was started by Dalmatae auxiliary forces and soon spread all over Dalmatia and Pannonia. The resulting war was described by the Roman writer Suetonius as the most difficult faced by Rome since the Punic Wars two centuries earlier. But after the war, the Dalmatae became a loyal and important source of recruits for the Roman army.
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Rhine Province The Rhine Province (German: "Rheinprovinz" ), also known as Rhenish Prussia ("Rheinpreußen") or synonymous with the Rhineland ("Rheinland"), was the westernmost province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia, within the German Reich, from 1822 to 1946. It was created from the provinces of the Lower Rhine and Jülich-Cleves-Berg. Its capital was Koblenz and in 1939 it had 8 million inhabitants. The Province of Hohenzollern was militarily associated with the Oberpräsident of the Rhine Province.
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Ottoman Tunisia Ottoman Tunis refers to the episode of the Turkish presence in Ifriqiya during the course of three centuries from the 16th century until the 18th century, when Tunis was officially integrated into the Ottoman Empire as the Eyalet of Tunis (province). Eventually including all of the Maghrib except Morocco, the Ottoman Empire began with the takeover of Algiers in 1516 by the Ottoman Turkish corsair and beylerbey Oruç Reis. The first Ottoman conquest of Tunis took place in 1534 under the command of Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha, the younger brother of Oruç Reis, who was the Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman Fleet during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. However, it wasn't until the final Ottoman reconquest of Tunis from Spain in 1574 under Kapudan Pasha Uluç Ali Reis that the Turks permanently acquired the former Hafsid Tunisia, retaining it until the French occupation of Tunisia in 1881.
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Mauro-Roman kingdom The Mauro-Roman kingdom (Latin: "Regnum Maurorum et Romanorum" ) was a Berber kingdom that existed in the Maghreb between the fourth century and the conquest of the region by the Umayyad Caliphate. Beginning in the sixth century, the polity's realm shrank and it came to be known as the Kingdom of Altava, after its capital Altava.