During World War II Yevdokia Davidovna Bershanskaya was second in command of the Soviet Air Forces made up of what kind of people?
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Yevdokia Bershanskaya Yevdokia Davidovna Bershanskaya (Russian: "Евдоки́я Давы́довна Берша́нская"; Dobrovolnoye, Stavropol, February 6, 1913 – September 16, 1982 in Moscow) was a Soviet pilot in World War II and second in command of the 46th Taman Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment.
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Night Witches "Night Witches" (German: "Nachthexen" ; Russian: Ночные ведьмы , "Nochnye Vedmy") was a World War II German nickname for the women military aviators of the 588th Night Bomber Regiment, known later as the 46th "Taman" Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment, of the Soviet Air Forces. Though women were initially barred from combat, Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin issued an order on October 8, 1941 to deploy three women's air force units, including the 588th regiment. The regiment, formed by Colonel Marina Raskova and led by Major Yevdokia Bershanskaya, was made up entirely of women volunteers in their late teens and early twenties.
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Far Eastern Front The Far Eastern Front was a "front" — a level of military formation that is equivalent to army group — of the Soviet Army during the Russian Civil War and the Second World War.
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Slovak Air Force (1939–45) The Slovak Air Force ("Slovenské vzdušné zbrane", or SVZ), between 1939 and 1945, was the air force of the short-lived World War II Slovak Republic. Its mission was to provide air support at fronts, and to protect Bratislava and metropolitan areas against enemy air strikes. These units supported Axis Powers offensives in Ukraine and Russian Central front under the lead of Luftwaffe in the Stalingrad and Caucasus operations.
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Bombing of Minsk in World War II The Minsk Blitz was the heavy bombing of the city of Minsk (population was 270,000) in the USSR during the Second World War.
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Aviation Division An Aviation Division (Russian: авиационная дивизия ) was a type of formation of the Military Air Forces of the Red Army during the Second World War, the Soviet Air Forces, Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) and Aviation of the Military Naval Fleet, and since 1991 remain major formations within the Military Air Forces of the Russian Federation.
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Nina Lobkovskaya Nina Alexeyevna Lobkovskaya (Russian: Ни́на Алексе́евна Лобко́вская ; born c. 1924) served as a sniper for the Red Army of the Soviet Union during World War II attaining the rank of Lieutenant.
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Zhanna Yorkina Zhanna Dmitriyevna Yorkina (Russian: Жанна Дмитриевна Ёркина ; 6 May 1939-25 May 2015) was a Russian Soviet Cosmonaut.
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Sixtiers The Sixtiers (Russian: Шестидесятники) were representatives of а new generation of the Soviet Intelligentsia, most of whom were born between 1925 and 1945, and entered the culture and politics of the USSR during the late 1950s and 1960s — after the Khrushchev Thaw. Their worldviews were formed by years of Stalin's repressions and purges, which affected many of the Sixtiers' immediate families; and World War II, where many of them had volunteered to fight.
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Mikhail Katukov Marshal of Armoured Troops Mikhail Efimovich Katukov (17 September 1900 – 8 June 1976) (Russian: Михаил Ефимович Катуков ) served as a commander of armored troops in the Red Army during and following World War II. He is viewed as one of the most talented Soviet armor commanders.
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Semyon Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny Also "Budennyj", "Budyonnyy", "Budennii", "Budyoni", "Budyenny", or "Budenny"; (April 25 1883-October 26, 1973) was a Russian cavalryman, a military commander during the Russian Civil War and World War II, and a close political ally of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.
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Konstantin Vershinin Chief marshal of the aviation Konstantin Andreevich Vershinin (Russian: Константин Андреевич Вершинин ; 3 June 1900 – 30 December 1973) was commander of the Soviet Air Force from 1946 to 1949 and from 1957 to 1969.
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Generalissimus of the Soviet Union Generalissimo of the Soviet Union (Russian: Генералиссимус Советского Союза ; "Generalissimus Sovétskogo Soyuza") was a proposed military rank created on 27 June 1945, following the tradition of the Imperial Russian Army. It was granted to Joseph Stalin following World War II; however, Stalin refused to officially approve the rank. It would have been the highest military rank in the Soviet Union.
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Sergei Rudenko (general) Serhi Gnatovich Rudenko (Ukrainian: "Сергій Гнатович Руденко", Russified: "Сергей Игнатьевич Руденко" [Sergei Ignatevich Rudenko]; October 20 [O.S. October 7] 1904 , Korop, Russian Empire - 10 July 1990, Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet Marshal of the aviation.
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Turkmen Air Force The Turkmen Air Force is the air force branch of the armed forces of Turkmenistan. It was formed from former Soviet Air Forces units within that region of the Turkestan Military District. The Turkmen Air Force inherited some 300 Soviet aircraft, and has pilots trained in Ukraine.
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22nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Division The 22nd Guards Donbass Red Banner Heavy Bomber Aviation Division was a Soviet Air Forces formation. It was a Long Range Aviation division active from 1942 to 2008-9. Included in the 37th Air Army High Command. Commander of the division was Major General Alexander Blazhenko. It saw illustrious service during the Second World War, including supply of the Red Army in the Demyansk Pocket and the bombing of Berlin.
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Polish Operation of the NKVD The Polish Operation of the Soviet NKVD security service in 1937–1938 was a mass operation of the NKVD carried out against purported Polish agents in the Soviet Union during the period of the Great Purge. It was ordered by the Politburo against the so-called "Polish spies" and customarily interpreted by the NKVD officials as relating to "absolutely all Poles". It resulted in the sentencing of 139,835 people, and summary executions of 111,091 ethnic Poles, as well as those accused of working for Poland. The operation was implemented according to NKVD Order № 00485 signed by Nikolai Yezhov. The majority of the victims were ethnically Polish but not all, according to Timothy Snyder. The remainder were 'suspected' of being Polish, without further inquiry. In order to speed up the process the NKVD personnel reviewed local telephone books and arrested persons with Polish-sounding names.
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Deportation of the Crimean Tatars The deportation of the Crimean Tatars (Crimean Tatar "Qırımtatar sürgünligi"; Russian "Депортация крымских татар"; Ukrainian "Депортація кримських татар") refers to the ethnic cleansing of Tatars from Crimea on 18 May 1944 carried out by Lavrentiy Beria, chief of the Soviet security and secret police, under the orders of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. Within a space of three days, the Soviet NKVD deported at least 191,044 Crimean Tatar people in cattle trains—including women, children, and the elderly, as well as Communists and members of the Red Army−several thousands kilometers away to modern-day Uzbekistan. The deportation was ordered by Stalin as collective punishment for the 15,000–20,000 Tatars who had joined the Wehrmacht during the German occupation of Crimea in World War II, even though 25,033 Crimean Tatars had joined the Soviet Red Army during the war.
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Nikolai Simoniak Nikolai Pavlovich Simoniak (Russian: Симоняк Николай Павлович , February 17 [O.S. February 4] 1901 – April 23, 1956) was a Soviet military commander.
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Polish–Czechoslovak confederation The Polish-Czechoslovak federation, or federation, was a political concept from the time of World War II, supported by the Polish government-in-exile and, to a lesser extent, the United Kingdom and the United States. It was a revitalisation of the Międzymorze concept, proposing the creation of a federation based on Poland and Czechoslovakia. The project had less support in the Czechoslovak government-in-exile, which believed it did not need Polish support against the Soviet Union, and was eventually sunk by the growing Soviet dominance, as Joseph Stalin did not want a strong and independent federation in Europe that could threaten his designs for Eastern Europe.
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Natalya Meklin Natalya Fyodorovna Meklin née Kravtsova (Russian: Наталья Фёдоровна Меклин , Ukrainian: Наталія Фёдорiвна Меклин ; 1922–2005) was a World War II combat pilot in one of the three women-only Soviet air regiments. They were nicknamed the 'Night Witches' by their German opponents.
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Cheka Cheka (Russian: ЧК ; ] ) was the initialism for the first of a succession of Soviet secret police organizations. Established on December 20, 1917 by a decree from Vladimir Lenin, it came under the leadership of Felix Dzerzhinsky, a Polish aristocrat-turned-communist. By late 1918, hundreds of Cheka committees had sprung up in various cities at the oblast, guberniya, raion, uyezd, and volost levels.