As Finance Minister of the Hamas Organization, what country was Omar Abdul Razaq most involved at war with?
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Omar Abd al-Razaq Omar Abdul Razaq or Umar Abed al-Razek (عمر عبد الرزاق) was Finance Minister of the Palestinian National Authority for part of 2006. He represents the Hamas organization.
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Hamas Hamas (Arabic: حماس‎‎ "Ḥamās", an acronym of حركة المقاومة الاسلامية "Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamah al-ʾIslāmiyyah" Islamic Resistance Movement) is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist organization. It has a social service wing, Dawah, and a military wing, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. It has been the "de facto" governing authority of the Gaza Strip since its takeover of that area in 2007. During this period it fought several wars with Israel. It is regarded, either in whole or in part, as a terrorist organization by several countries and international organizations, most notably by Israel, the United States and the European Union.
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Ghassan al-Rifai Ghassan El-Rıfai (Arabic: غسان الرفاعي‎ ‎ ) (born 1942) is a leading Syrian economist who worked at the World Bank for a long time and served as Syria's Minister of Economy and Trade from December 2001 to October 2004.
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Jibril Agreement The Jibril Agreement was a prisoner exchange deal which took place on May 21, 1985 between the Israeli government, then headed by Shimon Peres, and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (an organization often known as just 'PFLP-GC'). As part of the agreement, Israel released 1,150 security prisoners held in Israeli prisons in exchange for three Israeli prisoners (Yosef Grof, Nissim Salem, Hezi Shai) captured during the First Lebanon War. This was one of several prisoner exchange agreements carried out between Israel and groups it classified as terrorist organizations around that time. Among the prisoners released by Israel were Kozo Okamoto - one of the perpetrators of the Lod Airport Massacre in May 1972, who had been sentenced to life imprisonment, and Ahmed Yassin, a Gazan Muslim Brotherhood leader who was sentenced to 13 years imprisonment in 1983 and who later became the spiritual leader of Hamas). Another prisoner released was Ali Jiddah who had served 17 years for planting of a bomb near a Jerusalem hospital in 1968 that wounded nine Israelis. Abdullah Nimar Darwish, on the other hand, has renounced violence by Palestinians within Israeli borders.
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Military equipment of Israel The military equipment of Israel includes a wide array of arms, armored vehicles, artillery, missiles, planes, helicopters, and warships. Many of these are purchased overseas and many are indigenous designs. Until the Six-Day War of 1967, the Israel Defense Forces' principal supplier was France; since then, it has been the United States government and defense companies. In the early 21st century, Israeli companies such as Soltam Systems began selling arms to the United States. Much of the military equipment undergoes improvements in Israeli workshops. In addition to weapons purchased overseas and indigenous products, Israel also operates and maintains large stockpiles of Soviet-made equipment captured from Arab armies over the course of the Arab–Israeli Conflict.
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Assassination of Anwar Sadat The assassination of Anwar Sadat occurred on 6 October 1981. Anwar Sadat, the President of Egypt, was assassinated during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate Operation Badr, during which the Egyptian Army had crossed the Suez Canal and taken back a small part of the Sinai Peninsula from Israel at the beginning of the Yom Kippur War. A fatwa approving the assassination had been obtained from Omar Abdel-Rahman, a cleric later convicted in the US for his role in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. The assassination was undertaken by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad.
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Nizar Rayan Nizar Rayan (Arabic: نزار ريان‎ ‎ , Nɩzár Rɑȋán ; also transliterated Rayyan) (6 March 1959–1 January 2009) was a top Hamas leader who served as a liaison between the Palestinian organization's political leadership and its military wing. Also a professor of Islamic law, he became a top clerical authority within Hamas after the death of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin in 2004. Rayan was a strong advocate between 1994 and 2004 or 2005 of suicide attacks on Israel, and his son killed himself on one such mission. Rayan and most of his family were killed in an Israeli airstrike during the Gaza War.
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As-Sa'iqa As-Sa'iqa (also transliterated as al-Saika, Saeqa, etc., from Arabic: الصاعقة‎ ‎ (lit. "storm" or "thunderbolt") meaning shock troops; also known as the Vanguard for the Popular Liberation War) is a Palestinian Ba'athist political and military faction created and controlled by Syria. It is linked to the Palestinian branch of the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party, and is a member of the broader Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), although it is no longer active in the organization. Its Secretary-General is Farhan Abu Al-Hayja.
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Gaza War Gaza War may refer to any of three conflicts between Israel and the Hamas-controlled Palestinian territory in the Gaza Strip:
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Saeb Erekat Saeb Muhammad Salih Erekat (also "Erikat" or "Erakat" or "Arekat"; Arabic: صائب عريقات‎ ‎ "Ṣāʼib ʻUrayqāt" or "ʻRēqāt"; born 28 April 1955) is a Palestinian diplomat who served as chief of the PLO Steering and Monitoring Committee until 12 February 2011. He negotiated the Oslo Accords with Israel and remained chief negotiator from 1995 until May 2003, when he resigned in protest from the Palestinian government. He later reconciled with the party and was reappointed to the post in September 2003.
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Issam Makhoul Issam Makhoul (Arabic: عصام مخول‎ ‎ ] , Hebrew: עיסאם מח'ול‎ ; born 18 July 1952) is an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Hadash between 1999 and 2006. As the Secretary General of Maki, and together with the Central Committee of the party, he directs all communist activities in Israel as well as being responsible for relationships with communist parties in other countries. In late 2003, he was the target of a failed assassination attempt, when a car bomb exploded beneath his vehicle as his wife was backing it out of their driveway.
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Yahya Ayyash Yahya Abd-al-Latif Ayyash (Arabic: يحيى عياش‎ ‎ ) (22 February 1966 – 5 January 1996) was the chief bombmaker of Hamas and the leader of the West Bank battalion of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. In that capacity, he earned the nickname "the Engineer" (Arabic: المهندس‎ ‎ , transliterated "al-Muhandis"). He was assassinated by Shin Bet on 5 January 1996.
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Arab–Israeli conflict The Arab–Israeli conflict (Arabic: ‎ , "Al-Sira'a Al'Arabi Al-Israili " ‎ ; Hebrew: ‎ , "Ha'Sikhsukh Ha'Yisraeli-Aravi " ‎ ) is the political tension, military conflicts and disputes between a number of Arab countries and Israel. The roots of the modern Arab–Israeli conflict are bound in the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century. Territory regarded by the Jewish people as their historical homeland is also regarded by the Pan-Arab movement as historically and currently belonging to the Palestinians, and in the Pan-Islamic context, as Muslim lands. The sectarian conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs emerged in the early 20th century, peaking into a full-scale civil war in 1947 and transforming into the First Arab–Israeli War in May 1948 following the Israeli Declaration of Independence.
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Salam Fayyad Salam Fayyad (Arabic: سلام فياض‎ ‎ , Salām Fayāḍ ; born 2 April 1951) is a Palestinian politician and former Prime Minister of the Palestinian Authority and Finance Minister.
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Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism The Arab country of Qatar, bordered by Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf, has been accused of allowing terror financiers to operate within its borders. The country has been called "the Club Med for Terrorists" by Ron Prosor, an Israeli diplomat and "most two-faced nation in the world, backing the U.S.-led coalition against the militants of the Islamic State while providing a permissive environment", in the words of one top American official , "for terrorist financiers to operate with impunity". Accusations come from a wide variety of sources including intelligence reports, government officials, and journalists.
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Hamas of Iraq Hamas in Iraq (Arabic: حماس العراق "Ḥamās al-‘Irāq") is a Sunni militia group based in Iraq, which split from the 1920 Revolution Brigade on 18 March 2007. The group claims to have released videos of its attack on US troops.
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All-Palestine Government The All-Palestine Government (Arabic: حكومة عموم فلسطين‎ ‎ "Ḥukūmat ‘Umūm Filasṭīn ") was established by the Arab League on 22 September 1948 during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War to govern the Egyptian-controlled enclave in Gaza. It was soon recognized by all Arab League members except Transjordan. Though jurisdiction of the Government was declared to cover the whole of the former Mandatory Palestine, its effective jurisdiction was limited to the Gaza Strip. The Prime Minister of the Gaza-seated administration was Ahmed Hilmi Pasha, and the President was Hajj Amin al-Husseini, former chairman of the Arab Higher Committee.
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Anwar Nusseibeh Anwar Bey Nuseibeh (Arabic: أنور نسيبة‎ ‎ ) Anwar Bey Nuseibeh (1913–1986) was a leading Palestinian moderate who held several major posts in the Jordanian Government before Israel took control of East Jerusalem and the West Bank in the 1967 war. After the Six Day War he became one of the first Palestinians involved in contacts with Israel after it captured the Eastern part of the city and later encouraged his son, Sari Nusseibeh, to make contact with the Israelis.
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Qadura Fares Qadura Fares (Arabic: قدّورة فارس‎ ‎ ) was a Palestinian Authority minister without portfolio under Prime Minister Ahmed Qurei from 2003 to 2005, and a member of the Palestinian Legislative Council for Fatah from 1996 to 2006. He is a close friend, aide and adviser to senior Fatah leader Marwan Barghouti. Fares is regarded as one of the principal architects of Fatah's 'young guard' movement, who briefly formed the al-Mustaqbal or "Future" list (2005) before joining with Mahmoud Abbas to form a united Fatah list for the upcoming elections.
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Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War The inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War started after fighting erupted between the Syrian opposition groups: the Free Syrian Army (FSA), the Army of Mujahedeen, the Islamic Front, and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). In early January 2014, serious clashes between the groups erupted in the north of the country. Opposition groups near Aleppo attacked ISIL in two areas, Atarib and Anadan, which were both strongholds of the fundamentalist Sunni organization. Despite the conflict between ISIL and other rebels, one faction of ISIL has cooperated with the al-Nusra Front and the Green Battalion (a group of Saudi fighters) to combat Hezbollah in the Battle of Qalamoun.
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Taliban insurgency The Taliban insurgency began shortly after the group's fall from power following the 2001 War in Afghanistan. The Taliban forces are fighting against the Afghan government, formerly led by President Hamid Karzai, now led by President Ashraf Ghani, and against the US-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). The insurgency has spread to some degree over the Durand Line border to neighboring Pakistan, in particular the Waziristan region and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Taliban conduct low-intensity warfare against Afghan National Security Forces and their NATO trainers. Regional countries, particularly Pakistan and Iran, are often accused of funding and supporting the insurgent groups.
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Imad Abbas Imad Abbas (Arabic: عماد عباس‎ ‎ ) was a senior member of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Palestinian Islamist movement Hamas, until his assassination by the Israeli Defense Forces on 21 October 2004, in Gaza City.