Christian O'Brien was involved in the discovery of Chogha Zanbil; which is one of the few ziggurats outside of where?
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Christian O'Brien Christian Arthur Edgar "Tim" O'Brien, C.B.E (9 January 1914 – 17 February 2001) was a British exploration geologist and author. In 1936 he was also involved in the discovery of the Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat in Southern Iran. Appointed by BP In 1967, he retired in 1971 as Chairman of the Boards and General managing director of the Iranian Oil Operating Companies, stationed in Tehran, and was awarded a CBE for services to the Oil Industry.
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Chogha Zanbil Chogha Zanbil (Persian: چغازنبيل‎ ‎ ; Elamite: Dur Untash) is an ancient Elamite complex in the Khuzestan province of Iran. It is one of the few existent ziggurats outside of Mesopotamia. It lies approximately 30 km south-east of Susa and 80 km north of Ahvaz.
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Qatar Qatar ( , , or ; Arabic: قطر‎ ‎ "Qatar " ] ; local vernacular pronunciation: ] ), officially the State of Qatar (Arabic: دولة قطر‎ ‎ "Dawlat Qatar "), is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. An arm of the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island country of Bahrain.
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Wazir Akbar Khan, Kabul Wazir Akbar Khan (وزیر اکبر خان ) is a neighbourhood in northern Kabul, Afghanistan, named after the 19th century Afghan Emir Wazir Akbar Khan. It is one of the wealthiest parts in Kabul. Many foreign embassies are located there, including the American and Canadian. The Kabul International Airport is also located in the Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood.
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Margat Margat, also known as Marqab from the Arabic "Qalaat al-Marqab" (قلعة المرقب, "Castle of the Watchtower") is a castle near Baniyas, Syria, which was a Crusader fortress and one of the major strongholds of the Knights Hospitaller. It is located around 2 km from the Mediterranean coast and approximately 6 km south of Baniyas. The castle remained in a poor state of preservation until 2007 when some reconstruction and renovation began.
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Shapsugs The Shapsug (Adyghe: шапсыгъ ] , Russian: шапсуги , Turkish: "Şapsığlar" , Arabic: الشابسوغ‎ ‎ , Hebrew: שפסוגים‎ ‎ ), also known as the Shapsugh or "Shapsogh", are one of the twelve tribes of the Circassian people. In Russia, the remaining Shapsug population mainly live in the Tuapsinsky District (Tuapse) of Krasnodar Krai, Lazarevsky City District of Sochi, and in the Republic of Adygea, which were a small part of historical Circassia. However, the major Shapsug communities are found in Turkey, Israel (Kfar Kama), Jordan (Amman, Naour, Marj Al-Hamam, Wadi Al Seer), Iraq, Syria, Western Europe, and the United States of America. The first Circassians to settle in Amman were from the Shapsug tribe, and as a result the Shapsug's neighbourhood is considered the oldest neighbourhood in the Capital Amman and was the down town of it; however, other Circassians from the Kabardian, Abadzekh, and Bzhedug tribes also settled in Amman afterwards.
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Zubarah Zubarah (Arabic: الزبارة‎ ‎ ), also referred to as Al Zubarah or Az Zubarah, is a ruined and ancient fort located on the north western coast of the Qatar peninsula in the Al Shamal municipality, about 105 km from the Qatari capital of Doha. It was founded by Al Bin Ali, main and principal Utub tribe in the first half of the eighteenth century. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013.
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Dandan Oilik Dandan Oilik (), also Dandān-Uiliq, "lit." "the houses with ivory", is an abandoned historic oasis town and Buddhist site in the Taklamakan Desert of China, located to the northeast of Khotan in what is now the autonomous region of Xinjiang, between the Khotan and Keriya rivers. The central site covers an area of 4.5 km; the greater oasis extends over an area of 22 km. The site flourished from the sixth century as a site along the southern branch of the Silk Road
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Gerdkuh Gerdkūh or Girdkūh (Persian: گردکوه‎ ‎ , also known as دژ گنبدان "Dezh-e Gonbadān", "fortress of the domes") was a major castle of the Nizari Ismaili state located near Damghan, Iran. Due to circular shape of mountain peak, it was named "Gerdkuh", "Gerd" (گرد ) for "circular" (round) and "kuh" (کوه ) for "mountain". The castle was surrounded by a triple ring of forts making its position seemingly impregnable. Hasan Sabbah and other Nizari leaders often sent their families to this castle for refuge. Hulagu Khan with 5,000 men started a siege against Girdkuh in 1253. Girdkuh held out against the Mongol siege for 17 years, and was the last Nizari stronghold in Persia to surrender to Mongols.
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Dunluce Castle Dunluce Castle (from Irish: "Dún Libhse" ) is a now-ruined medieval castle in Northern Ireland. It is located on the edge of a basalt outcropping in County Antrim (between Portballintrae and Portrush), and is accessible via a bridge connecting it to the mainland. The castle is surrounded by extremely steep drops on either side, which may have been an important factor to the early Christians and Vikings who were drawn to this place where an early Irish fort once stood.
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Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland The Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland (ICCI; Irish: "Ionad Cultúrtha Ioslamach na hÉireann") is an Islamic
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Khazars The Khazars (Turkish: "Hazarlar" , Tatar: Xäzärlär , Hebrew: כוזרים‎ ‎ ("Kuzarim"), Arabic: خزر‎ ‎ (khazar), Ukrainian: Хоза́ри , Russian: Хаза́ры , Persian: خزر‎ ‎ , , Latin: "Gazari/Gasani" ) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people, who created what for its duration was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Kaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between northern Europe and southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading emporia of the medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East and Kievan Rus'. For some three centuries (c. 650–965) the Khazars dominated the vast area extending from the Volga-Don steppes to the eastern Crimea and the northern Caucasus.
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Pella, Jordan Pella (Ancient Greek: Πέλλα, also known in Arabic as "Tabaqat Fahl", طبقة فحل) is found in northwestern Jordan, 27.4 km (17 miles) south of the Sea of Galilee. Pella represents one of ten Decapolis cities that were founded during the Hellenistic period and became powerful under Roman jurisdiction. With a history extending back into the Bronze Age, Pella expanded to its largest state during the reign of the Roman Empire. Pella is located in the Jordan Valley, 130 km (80 miles) north of Amman, and is half an hour by car from Irbid, in the north of the country. Today, the city's sizable collection of ruins are excavated by archeologists, and attract thousands of tourists annually.
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Pillars of Hercules The Pillars of Hercules (Latin: "Columnae Herculis", Greek: Ἡράκλειοι Στῆλαι, Arabic: أعمدة هرقل / "Aʿmidat Hirqul", Spanish: "Columnas de Hércules") was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The northern Pillar, Calpe Mons, is the Rock of Gibraltar (part of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar). A corresponding North African peak not being predominant, the identity of the southern Pillar, Abila Mons, has been disputed throughout history, with the two most likely candidates being Monte Hacho in Ceuta and Jebel Musa in Morocco.
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Cliffs of Moher The Cliffs of Moher ( ; Irish: "Aillte an Mhothair" ) are located at the southwestern edge of the Burren region in County Clare, Ireland. They rise 120 m above the Atlantic Ocean at Hag's Head, and, eight kilometres to the north, reach their maximum height of 214 m just north of O'Brien's Tower, which is a round stone tower near the midpoint of the cliffs that was built in 1835 by Sir Cornelius O'Brien. From the cliffs, and from atop the tower, visitors can see the Aran Islands in Galway Bay, the Maumturks and Twelve Pins mountain ranges to the north in County Galway, and Loop Head to the south. The cliffs rank amongst the most visited tourist sites in Ireland and receive approximately one million visitors a year. The closest settlements are Liscannor (6 km south) and Doolin (7 km north).
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Nabi Zair Nabi Zair is a Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture approximately 1.5 km northwest of Anjar, Lebanon. The site was discovered by Auguste Bergy who found an abundance of flints spread across a wide area around the road between Beirut and Damascus. Bergy found a skull he described as "protohistoric" on the bank of the river near the Nahr Zghail bridge. The skull was studied by Boule in 1939 and gave some evidence of an ancient site in the area. Islamic tombs were also noted in the area.
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Hinba Hinba (Scottish Gaelic: isles of the sea ) is an island in Scotland of uncertain location that was the site of a small monastery associated with the Columban church on Iona. Although a number of details are known about the monastery and its early abbots, and various anecdotes dating from the time of Columba of a mystical nature have survived, modern scholars are divided as to its whereabouts. The source of information about the island is Adomnán's late 7th-century "Vita Columbae".
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Khwarezm Khwarezm or Chorasmia (Persian: خوارزم‎ ‎ , "Xvârazm") is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum desert, on the south by the Karakum desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau. It was the center of the Iranian Khwarezmian civilization and a series of kingdoms such as the Persian Empire, whose capitals were (among others) Kath, Gurganj (the modern Köneürgenç) and – from the 16th century on – Khiva. Today Khwarezm belongs partly to Uzbekistan, partly to Kazakhstan and partly to Turkmenistan.
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Cairo Citadel The Saladin Citadel of Cairo (Arabic: قلعة صلاح الدين‎ ‎ "Qalaʿat Salāḥ ad-Dīn ") is a medieval Islamic fortification in Cairo, Egypt. The location, on Mokattam hill near the center of Cairo, was once famous for its fresh breeze and grand views of the city. It is now a preserved historic site, with mosques and museums. In 1976, it was proclaimed by UNESCO as a part of the World Heritage Site "Historic Cairo" (Islamic Cairo) which was "the new centre of the Islamic world, reaching its golden age in the 14th century."
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Dabarkot Dabarkot, or Dabar Kot, is a tell site of the Indus Civilization in Balochistan, Pakistan. The large city was once a trading post dating back to fifth millennium BC. Various artifacts and figurines excavated from the area show a Harappan connection of the site. The Dabarkot mound is 500 yards in diameter showing the settlement was large in size and of considerable significance. Excavations from the site recovered various artifacts including stone beads, copper pieces, a gold pin, sheet metal, and large mud bricks.
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Bingöl Bingöl (Armenian: Ճապաղջուր "Chapaghjur", Zazaki: "Çewlîg" , Northern Kurdish: "Çewlîg" ) is a city in Eastern Turkey. It is surrounded by mountains and a large number of glacier lakes, hence the name (Turkish for "a thousand lakes"). Lately, the town has become a popular tourist destination. According to 2017 estimates, it has a population of over 111.000 .
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Hindu Kush The Hindu Kush ( ), also known in Ancient Greek as the Caucasus Indicus (Ancient Greek: Καύκασος Ινδικός ) or Paropamisadae (Ancient Greek: Παροπαμισάδαι ), in Pashto and Persian as , is an 800 km mountain range that stretches near the Afghan-Pakistan border, from central Afghanistan to northern Pakistan. It forms the western section of the "Hindu Kush Himalayan Region" ("HKH"). It divides the valley of the Amu Darya (the ancient "Oxus") to the north from the Indus River valley to the south.