Which president of Indonesia created a series of extrajudicial government executions between 1983 and 1985?
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Petrus killings The Petrus killings were a series of extrajudicial executions in Indonesia that occurred between 1983 and 1985 under President Suharto's New Order regime. Without undergoing a trial, thousand of criminals were mysteriously shot to death by anonymous or undercover gunmen. Their bodies were then placed in public places which terrorized an unaware populace. The executions were part of a government effort to reduce crime and the actual death toll or extent of the killings remains a mystery today.
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Suharto General of the Army Hajji Suharto (also spelled Soeharto;    , or Muhammad Soeharto; Javanese : ꦩꦸꦲꦩ꧀ꦩꦢ꧀ꦯꦸꦲꦂꦠ ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998.
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People Power Revolution The People Power Revolution (also known as the EDSA Revolution and the Philippine Revolution of 1986) was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines, mostly in the capital city of Manila from February 22–25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance against regime violence and alleged electoral fraud. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of President Ferdinand Marcos along with his totalitarian regime and the restoration of democracy in the Philippines.
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Economy of Indonesia Indonesia has the largest economy in Southeast Asia and is one of the emerging market economies of the world. The country is also a member of G-20 major economies and classified as a newly industrialised country. It is the sixteenth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and is the seventh largest in terms of GDP (PPP). Its GDP per capita however ranks below the world average. Indonesia still depends on domestic market, and government budget spending and its ownership of state-owned enterprises (the central government owns 141 enterprises) and the administration of prices of a range of basic goods including, rice, and electricity plays a significant role in Indonesia market economy, but since the 1990s, the majority of the economy has been controlled by private Indonesians and foreign companies.
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Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia (Indonesian: "Ketua Mahkamah Agung" ) is the head of the Supreme Court of Indonesia.
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President of East Timor The President of East Timor – officially the President of the Democratic Republic of East Timor (Portuguese: "Presidente da República Democrática de Timor-Leste" , Tetum: "Prezidente Republika Demokratika Timor-Leste" ) – is the head of state in East Timor, elected by popular vote for a five-year term. Their executive powers are somewhat limited, though he or she is able to veto legislation. Following elections, the president usually appoints as the prime minister, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition. As head of government the prime minister presides over the cabinet.
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Donald Izacus Pandjaitan Donald Isaac Pandjaitan (9 June 1925 – 1 October 1965) was an Indonesian general who was killed during a kidnap attempt by members of the 30 September Movement.
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Chairul Saleh Chairul Saleh Dt Paduko Rajo (September 13, 1916 – February 8, 1967) was born in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra. He was an Indonesian government minister and vice prime minister during the Sukarno presidency. He was a close confidant of Sukarno, whom he had helped persuade to declare Indonesian independence in 1945. He lived in the Netherlands from 1952–1953, but returned to Indonesia after being expelled. He joined Sukarno’s circle of advisers in 1955.
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Vice Presidential Palace (Indonesia) The Vice Presidential Palace (Indonesian: "Istana Wakil Presiden" ) is occupied by the offices of the Vice President of Indonesia, located on Merdeka Selatan Street in Jakarta. It is currently occupied by Vice President Jusuf Kalla. The Vice President resides in the Diponegoro House.
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B. J. Vorster Balthazar Johannes Vorster (] ; 13 December 1915 – 10 September 1983), better known as John Vorster, served as the Prime Minister of South Africa from 1966 to 1978 and as the fourth State President of South Africa from 1978 to 1979. Vorster was known for his staunch adherence to apartheid, overseeing (as Minister of Justice) the Rivonia Trial in which Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment for , and (as Prime Minister) the Terrorism Act, the complete abolition of non-white political representation, the Soweto Riots and the Steve Biko crisis. He conducted a more pragmatic foreign policy than his predecessors in an effort to improve relations between the white minority government and South Africa's neighbours, particularly after the break-up of the Portuguese colonial empire. Shortly after the Internal Settlement in Rhodesia, in which he was instrumental, he was implicated in the Muldergate Scandal and resigned the premiership in favour of the ceremonial presidency, which he was forced to give up as well eight months later.
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Soeprapto (general) Lieutenant General R. Soeprapto (24 August 1920 – 1 October 1965) was the second deputy commander of the Indonesian Army, and was kidnapped from his home in Jakarta by members of the 30 September Movement in the early hours of 1 October. He was later killed at Lubang Buaya.
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Adam Malik Adam Malik Batubara (22 July 1917 – 5 September 1984) was Indonesia's third vice president, a senior diplomat, foreign minister, and one of the pioneers of Indonesian journalism.
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Rajiman Wediodiningrat Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung (K.R.T.) Radjiman Wedyodiningrat (April 21, 1879 - September 20, 1952) was a and Indonesian physician and one of the founding figures of the Indonesian Republic.
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Daniel Lev Daniel Saul Lev (October 23, 1933 – July 29, 2006) was an American political scientist and scholar on Indonesia.
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Mujono Mujono (1927-1984) was the sixth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia as well as the 16th Minister of Law and Human Rights. His appointment to both posts began a line of former military officials predominating in Indonesia's legal system.
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Petition of Fifty The Petition of Fifty (Indonesian: "Petisi 50" ) was a document protesting then President Suharto's use of state philosophy Pancasila against political opponents. Issued on 5 May 1980 as an "Expression of Concern", it was signed by fifty prominent Indonesians including former Army Chief of Staff Nasution, former Jakarta governor Ali Sadikin and former prime ministers Burhanuddin Harahap and Mohammad Natsir.
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Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 (also variously known as the Indonesian massacres, Indonesian genocide, Indonesian Communist Purge, Indonesian politicide, or the 1965 Tragedy) were large-scale killings and civil unrest which occurred in Indonesia over many months, targeting communist sympathizers, ethnic Chinese and alleged leftists, often at the instigation of the armed forces and government. Initially it began as an anti-communist purge following a controversial coup attempt by the 30 September Movement in Indonesia. The most widely published estimates were that 500,000 to more than one million people were killed, with some more recent estimates going as high as two to three million. The purge was a pivotal event in the transition to the "New Order" and the elimination of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) as a political force. The upheavals led to the fall of President Sukarno and the commencement of Suharto's three-decade authoritarian presidency.
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Dewi Sukarno Dewi Sukarno (デヴィ・スカルノ , Devi Sukaruno ) , complete name Ratna Sari Dewi Sukarno (ラトナ・サリ・デヴィ・スカルノ , Ratona Sari Devi Sukaruno ) , born Naoko Nemoto (根本 七保子 , "Nemoto Naoko" , born February 6, 1940) , widely known in Japan as Dewi Fujin (デヴィ夫人, "Lady Dewi", "Madame Dewi") is a Japanese businesswoman, socialite, television personality, and philanthropist. She was one of the wives of the first President of Indonesia, Sukarno.
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Mayor of Padang The Mayor of Padang is an elected politician who is accountable for the strategic government of Padang, one of provincial capitals in Indonesia. The position was early held by W.M. Ouwerkerk from the creation of the role in 1928, while when under government of Indonesia early held by Abubakar Jaar in 1945, after Indonesian independence.
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Andrew Chan Andrew Chan (; 12 January 1984 – 29 April 2015) was an Australian drug smuggler who was convicted and executed in Indonesia for drug trafficking as a member of the Bali Nine. In 2005, Chan was arrested at Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar. According to court testimonies of convicted drug mules, Chan and Myuran Sukumaran were the co-ringleaders of the heroin smuggling operation from Indonesia to Australia. After a criminal trial on 14 February 2006, Chan was sentenced to execution by firing squad by the Denpasar District Court.
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Prime Minister of the Philippines The Prime Minister of the Philippines (Filipino: "Punong Ministro ng Pilipinas" ) was the official designation of the head of the government (whereas the President of the Philippines was the head of state) of the Philippines from 1978 until the People Power Revolution in 1986. A limited version of this office existed temporarily in 1899 during the First Philippine Republic.
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2005 Indonesian beheadings of Christian girls On 30 October 2005, Theresia Morangke (15), Alfita Poliwo (17) and Yarni Sambue (17) were beheaded by Muslim militants in the Poso region on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, an area plagued by sectarian violence since 2001. The attackers planned the beheadings after a visit to the Philippines. In 2006, three men were arrested and in 2007 convicted of the crime, one being sentenced to 20 years in prison and the others to 14 years.