What is the birthdate of this American writer and political activist who became an early leader of the Black Panther Party and for whom Maxwell Geismar wrote the introduction to his "Soul on Ice"?
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Maxwell Geismar Maxwell Geismar (August 1, 1909 – July 1979) was an American author who wrote the introduction to Eldridge Cleaver's "Soul on Ice". He signed the Triple Revolution statement sent to President Lyndon Johnson in 1964.
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Eldridge Cleaver Leroy Eldridge Cleaver (August 31, 1935 – May 1, 1998) was an American writer and political activist who became an early leader of the Black Panther Party. His 1968 book, "Soul On Ice", is a collection of essays that, at the time of its publication, was praised by "The New York Times Book Review" as "brilliant and revealing". In the most controversial part of the book, Cleaver acknowledges committing many acts of rape.
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Black liberalism Black liberalism, also known as African-American liberalism is a political and social philosophy within the United States of America's African-American community that aligns with primarily liberalism, most commonly associated with the Democratic Party. Modern liberalism is a core value of the Democratic Party, which has consistently received 85-95% of the African-American vote since the 1960s due to the support of the Civil Rights Movement by U.S. Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.
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Yolanda King Yolanda Denise King (November 17, 1955 – May 15, 2007) was an American activist and first-born child of civil rights leaders Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King. She was known also for her artistic and entertainment endeavors and public speaking. Her childhood experience was greatly influenced by her father's highly public and influential activism.
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Leon Jordan Leon Mercer Jordan (May 6, 1905, Kansas City, Missouri - July 15, 1970, Kansas City, Missouri) was an American police officer, politician and civil rights leader who was assassinated. He was "one of the most influential African Americans in Kansas City's history" and, at the time of his death, the "state’s most powerful black politician".
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Irvine Garland Penn Irvine Garland Penn (October 7, 1867 – July 22, 1930) was an educator, journalist, and lay leader in the Methodist Episcopal church in the United States. He was the author of "The Afro-American Press and Its Editors", published in 1891, and a coauthor with Frederick Douglass, Ida B. Wells, and Ferdinand Lee Barnettof "The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World's Columbia Exposition" in 1893. In the late 1890s, he became an officer in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he played an important role in advocating for the interests of African Americans in the church until his death.
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George Schuyler George Samuel Schuyler ( ; February 25, 1895 – August 31, 1977) was an African-American author, journalist, and social commentator known for his conservativism after he had supported socialism.
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Randolph Blackwell Randolph T. Blackwell (born March 10, 1927 in Greensboro, North Carolina, died May 21, 1981) was a veteran of the Civil Rights Movement, serving in Martin Luther King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference, amongst other organizations. Coretta Scott King described him as an "unsung giant" of nonviolent social change.
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Colia Clark Colia L. Liddell Lafayette Clark (born 1940) is an African-American activist and politician. Clark was the Green Party's candidate for the United States Senate in New York in 2010 and 2012.
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Bernice King Bernice Albertine King (born March 28, 1963) is an American minister best known as the youngest child of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. She was five years old when her father was assassinated. In her adolescence, King chose to work towards becoming a minister after having a breakdown from watching a documentary about her father. King was 17 when she was invited to speak at the United Nations. Twenty years after her father was assassinated, she preached her trial sermon. Inspired by her parents' activism, she was arrested multiple times during her early adulthood.
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A. J. Weberman Alan Jules Weberman (born May 26, 1945), better known as A. J. Weberman, is an American writer, political activist, gadfly, and popularizer of the terms "garbology" and "Dylanology". He is best known for his controversial opinions on, and personal interactions with, the musician Bob Dylan.
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Bunchy Carter Alprentice "Bunchy" Carter (October 12, 1942 – January 17, 1969) was an American activist. Carter is credited as a founding member of the Southern California chapter of the Black Panther Party. Carter was shot and killed by a rival group, and is celebrated by his supporters as a martyr in the Black Power movement in the United States. Carter is portrayed by Gaius Charles in the 2015 TV series "Aquarius".
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Max Rafferty Maxwell Lewis Rafferty Jr. (May 7, 1917 – June 13, 1982) was an American writer, educator, and politician. The author of several best-selling books about education, Rafferty served two terms as California State Superintendent of Public Instruction and ran unsuccessfully in 1968 for the U.S. Senate as the Republican nominee, losing to Democrat Alan Cranston.
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Queen Mother Moore Queen Mother Moore (July 27, 1898 – May 2, 1997) was an African-American civil rights leader and a black nationalist who was friends with such civil rights leaders as Marcus Garvey, Nelson Mandela, Rosa Parks, and Jesse Jackson. She was a figure in the American Civil Rights Movement and a founder of the Republic of New Afrika.
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Myrlie Evers-Williams Myrlie Louise Evers–Williams (née Beasley; born March 17, 1933) is an American civil rights activist of the Civil Rights Movement and journalist who worked for over three decades to seek justice for the murder of her civil rights activist husband Medgar Evers in 1963. She was also chairwoman of the NAACP, and published several books on topics related to civil rights and her husband’s legacy. On January 21, 2013, she delivered the invocation at the second inauguration of Barack Obama.
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Lewis Grizzard Lewis McDonald Grizzard Jr. (October 20, 1946 – March 20, 1994) was an American writer and humorist, known for his Southern demeanor and commentary on the American South. Although he spent his early career as a newspaper sports writer and editor, becoming the sports editor of the "Atlanta Journal" at age 23, he is much better known for his humorous newspaper columns in the "Atlanta Journal-Constitution". He was also a popular stand-up comedian & lecturer.
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Ralph Abernathy Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was a leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a minister, and a close friend of Martin Luther King Jr.. In 1955, he collaborated with King to create the Montgomery Improvement Association, which led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. In 1957, Abernathy co-founded, and was an executive board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Following the assassination of King, Abernathy became president of the SCLC. As president of the SCLC, he led the Poor People's Campaign in Washington, D.C. during 1968. Abernathy also served as an advisory committee member of the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE). He later returned to the ministry, and in 1989 — the year before his death — Abernathy wrote, "And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: An Autobiography", a controversial autobiography about his and King's involvement in the Civil Rights Movement.
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Organization of Black American Culture The Organization of Black American Culture (OBAC) was conceived during the era of the Civil Rights Movement by Hoyt W. Fuller as a collective of African-American writers, artists, historians, educators, intellectuals, community activists, and others. Founded on Southside Chicago in May 1967 by a group of Black intellectuals that included Fuller (editor of "Negro Digest"), the poet Conrad Kent Rivers, and Gerald McWorter (later Abdul Alkalimat), OBAC aimed to coordinate artistic support in the struggle for freedom, justice and equality of opportunity for African Americans. The organization had workshops for visual arts, theater, and writing, and produced two publications: a newsletter, "Cumbaya", and the magazine "Nommo".
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Hodding Carter William Hodding Carter, II (February 3, 1907 – April 4, 1972), was a Southern U.S. progressive journalist and author.
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A. B. Spellman Alfred B. Spellman (born August 12, 1935), is an African-American poet, music critic, music historian, arts administrator, and author. He first garnered attention for his 1965 book of poems entitled "The Beautiful Days". In 1966 he published a highly influential book on the history of African-American music entitled "Four Lives in the Bebop Business" (aka "Black Music: Four Lives"; Random House). From 1975 to 2005 he worked as an Arts Administrator for the National Endowment for the Arts. He has been particularly instrumental in supporting and forwarding jazz music within the United States.
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Everett Dirksen Everett McKinley Dirksen (January 4, 1896 – September 7, 1969) was an American politician of the Republican Party. He represented Illinois in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. As Senate Minority Leader from 1959 to 1969, he played a highly visible and key role in the politics of the 1960s. He helped write and pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Civil Rights Act of 1968, both landmark pieces of legislation during the Civil Rights Movement. He was also one of the Senate's strongest supporters of the Vietnam War and was known as "The Wizard of Ooze" because of his flamboyant oratorical style.
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James Alan McPherson James Alan McPherson (September 16, 1943 – July 27, 2016) was an American essayist and short-story writer. He was the first African-American writer to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and was included among the first group of artists who received a MacArthur Fellowship. At the time of his death, McPherson was a professor emeritus of fiction at the Iowa Writers' Workshop.