Which mythical character from medieval legend because popular during the era of Romantic nationalism and has a core unit of the Lithuanian Army name inspired by him?
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Mechanised Infantry Brigade Iron Wolf Mechanized Infantry Brigade "Iron Wolf" (MIB "Iron Wolf") (Lithuanian: "mechanizuotoji pėstininkų brigada "Geležinis Vilkas"" ) is the core unit of the Lithuanian Army and forms the country's contribution to NATO collective defence. The name of the brigade relates to the Lithuanian mythical character from the medieval foundation legend of the Vilnius city.
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Iron Wolf (character) The Iron Wolf (Lithuanian: "Geležinis Vilkas" ) is a mythical character from a medieval legend of the founding of Vilnius, the capital city of the old Grand Duchy of Lithuania and modern Republic of Lithuania. First found in the Lithuanian Chronicles, the legend shares certain similarities with the Capitoline Wolf and possibly reflected Lithuanian desire to showcase their legendary origins from the Roman Empire (see the Palemonids). The legend became popular during the era of Romantic nationalism. Today Iron Wolf is one of the symbols of Vilnius and is used by sports teams, Lithuanian military, scouting organizations, and others.
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Jan Karol Chodkiewicz Jan Karol Chodkiewicz ("c". 1560 – 24 September 1621; Belarusian: Ян Караль Хадкевіч, "Jan Karal Chadkievič" , Lithuanian: "Jonas Karolis Chodkevičius" ) was a military commander of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth army who was from 1601 Field Hetman of Lithuania, and from 1605 Grand Hetman of Lithuania, and was one of the most prominent noblemen and military commanders of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth of his era. His coat of arms was Chodkiewicz, as was his family name.
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Vaiva Vaiva is a Lithuanian female given name of Baltic origin. It is a shortening of "vaivorykštė" (English rainbow). A rainbow was considered one of the manifestations of the Pagan destiny goddess Laima. Vaiva's father, according to Baltic mythology, is Perkūnas. The name was popularised by V.Krėvė-Mickevičius tale "Perkūnas, Vaiva ir Straublys" written in 1922.
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Venskus Venskus, a common Lithuanian surname, is the shortened Lithuanian translation of the Polish name, Wenceslaus. Wenceslaus II (1271-1305), King of Bohemia, crowned himself King of Poland in 1300. In an attempt to strengthen the power of the Crown, Wenceslaus II undertook a series of initiatives to undermine provincial authority in Lithuania. Such policies threatened the very existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The name Venskus has served to strengthen the inherent natural rivalry between Poland and Lithuania, particularly in the Interwar period.
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Brynhildr Brynhildr (also spelled Brunhild, Brünnhilde, Brynhild) is a shieldmaiden and a valkyrie in Germanic mythology, where she appears as a main character in the "Völsunga saga" and some Eddic poems treating the same events. Under the name "Brünnhilde" she appears in the "Nibelungenlied" and therefore also in Richard Wagner's opera cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen". She may be inspired by the Visigothic princess Brunhilda of Austrasia. The history of Brynhildr includes fratricide, a long battle between brothers, and dealings with the Huns. She is also known as Sigrdrífa, as written in the poem "Sigrdrífumál".
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German Forest The German Forest (German: "Deutscher Wald" ) was a phrase used both as a metaphor as well as to describe in exaggerated terms an idyllic landscape in German poems, fairy tales and legends of the early 19th century Romantic period. Historical and cultural discourses declared it as the symbol of Germanic-German art and culture, or as in the case of Heinrich Heine or Madame de Staël, as a counter-image of French urbanity. It was also used with reference to historical or legendary events in German forests, such as Tacitus' description of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest or even the nature mysticism of the stylized Germanic national myth, the "Nibelungenlied" as the history of its multi-faceted reception shows.
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Lohengrin Lohengrin is a character in German Arthurian literature. The son of Parzival (Percival), he is a knight of the Holy Grail sent in a boat pulled by swans to rescue a maiden who can never ask his identity. His story, which first appears in Wolfram von Eschenbach's "Parzival", is a version of the Knight of the Swan legend known from a variety of medieval sources. Wolfram's story was expanded in two later romances. Richard Wagner's opera "Lohengrin" of 1848 is based upon the legend.
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Herla Herla or Herla King (Old English: "Herla Cyning" ) is a legendary leader of the mythical Germanic Wild Hunt and the name from which the Old French term "Herlequin" may have been derived. Herla often has been identified as Woden and in the writings of the twelfth-century writer Walter Map, he is portrayed as a legendary king of the Britons who became the leader of the Wild Hunt after a visit to the Otherworld, only to return some three hundred years later, after the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.
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Jan Skrzetuski Jan Skrzetuski is a fictional character created by Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz in the novel "With Fire and Sword". He is a man of honour, always faithful to his master, duke Jeremi Wiśniowiecki. He loves Helena Kurcewiczówna, who was kidnapped by the Ukrainian Cossack Yuri Bohun, who is also in love with her. Skrzetuski is the best friend of Michał Wołodyjowski. Jan Skrzetuski is partly based on a historical character, Mikołaj Skrzetuski, the Polish hero of the Siege of Zbarazh.
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Litvin In historical context, Litvin (Belarusian: літвін, ліцвін , "litvin", "litsvin"; Russian: литвин , "litvin", Ukrainian: литвин , "lytvyn"; Polish: "Litwin" ) referred to Slavic people identifying themselves with the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
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Tadeusz Kościuszko Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko ("Andrew Thaddeus Bonaventure Kosciuszko"; February 4 or 12, 1746 – October 15, 1817) was a Polish-Lithuanian military engineer and a military leader who became a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and the United States. He fought in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth's struggles against Russia and Prussia, and on the American side in the American Revolutionary War. As Supreme Commander of the Polish National Armed Forces, he led the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising.
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Paladin The paladins (Latin: Palatine; "servant, or government official"), sometimes known as the Twelve Peers, were the foremost warriors of Charlemagne's court, according to the literary cycle known as the Matter of France. They first appear in the early "chansons de geste" such as "The Song of Roland", where they represent Christian valour against the Saracen hordes inside Europe.
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Legends of Tallinn Like any other medieval city, Tallinn (known as Reval from the 13th century until the 1920s) has inspired many legends.
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Żurawiejka Żurawiejka was a short, two-line facetious couplet, written specifically for cavalry regiments of the Polish Army in the interbellum period. It humorously and ironically presented history of a given regiment, as well as its contemporary fate. Żurawiejkas were also used in cavalry regiments of the Imperial Russian Army, as the tradition of writing them, as well as the very name of the couplet, comes from Russian cavalry, and was taken over by the Poles in the interbellum period. Famous Russian poet Mikhail Lermontov is considered the father of żurawiejka, as he wrote first couplets while serving as a junker in the Russian Army. Żurawiejkas were sung by Polish cavalrymen at several occasions, mostly during different parties, and were usually associated with dancing. Returning topics of most of them are the Polish–Soviet War, drinking, looting, and women. They described a military unit in black humor, using derogatory terms and swear words.
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The Tale of Igor's Campaign The Tale of Igor's Campaign (Old East Slavic: Слово о плъкоу Игоревѣ , "Slovo o plŭku Igorevě") is an anonymous epic poem written in the Old East Slavic language.
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Lithuanian nobility The Lithuanian nobility was historically a legally privileged class in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania consisting of Lithuanians, from the historical regions of Lithuania Proper and Samogitia, and, following Lithuania's eastern expansion, many Ruthenian noble families ("boyars"). Families were primarily granted privileges for their military service to the Grand Duchy. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had one of the largest percentages of nobility in Europe, close to 10% of the population, in some regions, like Samogitia, it was closer to 12%.
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Vytautas Vytautas (c. 1350 – October 27, 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great (Lithuanian: "   ", Belarusian: "Вітаўт Кейстутавіч (Vitaŭt Kiejstutavič)" , Polish: "Witold Kiejstutowicz" , Rusyn: "Vitovt", Latin: "Alexander Vitoldus") from the 15th century onwards, was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which chiefly encompassed the Lithuanians and Ruthenians. He was also the Prince of Hrodna (1370–1382), Prince of Lutsk (1387~1389), and the postulated king of the Hussites.
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Polish hussars The Polish Hussars ( , , or ; Polish: "Husaria" ), or Winged Hussars, were one of the main types of the cavalry in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between the 16th and 18th centuries. When this cavalry type was first introduced by Serbian and Hungarian mercenary horsemen at the beginning of the 16th century, they served as light cavalry banners in the Polish army; by the second half of the 16th century and after Stephen Báthory's reforms, hussars had been transformed into heavily armored shock cavalry. Until the reforms of the 1770s, the husaria banners were considered the elite of the Polish cavalry.
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El Cid Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (  1043 1099) was a Castilian nobleman and military leader in medieval Spain. The Moors called him El Cid, which meant "the Lord" (probably from the original Arabic al-Sayyid, السیِّد), and the Christians, El Campeador, which stood for "Outstanding Warrior" or " The one who stands out in the battlefield". He was born in Vivar, a town near the city of Burgos. After his death, he became Castile's celebrated national hero and the protagonist of the most significant medieval Spanish epic poem, "El Cantar de Mio Cid".
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Făt-Frumos Făt-Frumos (from Romanian "făt": son, infant; "frumos": beautiful) is a knight hero in Romanian folklore, usually present in fairy tales.
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Sassuntsi-Davit Tank Regiment The 119th Separate Tank Regiment, popularly known as the Sassuntsi-Davit Tank Regiment (Armenian: «Սասունցի Դավիթ» տանկային շարասյուն ; "Танковая колонна «Давид Сасунский»" ) was a decorated Soviet separate tank regiment during the Second World War, consisting primarily of ethnic Armenians. The unit was named after David of Sasun, the hero of the medieval Armenian national epic "Daredevils of Sasun".