When did the author of Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly start serving on the Supreme Court?
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Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544 (2007) , was a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States involving antitrust law and civil procedure. Authored by Justice David Souter, it established that parallel conduct, absent evidence of agreement, is insufficient to sustain an antitrust action under § 1 of the Sherman Act. It also heightened the pleading requirement for Federal civil cases, requiring that plaintiffs include enough facts in their complaint to make it plausible—not merely possible or conceivable—that they will be able to prove facts to support their claims. This latter change in the law has been met with a great deal of controversy in legal circles, evidenced by the dissenting opinion from Justice John Paul Stevens.
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David Souter David Hackett Souter ( ; born September 17, 1939) is a retired Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He served from October 1990 until his retirement in June 2009. Appointed by President George H. W. Bush to fill the seat vacated by William J. Brennan, Jr., Souter sat on both the Rehnquist and Roberts courts and came to vote reliably with the court's liberal members.
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Henry Abraham Henry Julian Abraham (born August 25, 1921) is an American scholar on the judiciary and constitutional law. He is James Hart Professor of Government Emeritus at the University of Virginia. He is the author of 13 books, most in multiple editions, and more than 100 articles on the U.S. Supreme Court, judicial appointments, judicial process, and civil rights and liberties.
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Roland Ritchie Roland Almon Ritchie, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (June 19, 1910 – June 5, 1988) was a Canadian lawyer and puisne justice of the Supreme Court of Canada.
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John Roberts John Glover Roberts Jr. (born January 27, 1955) is the 17th and current Chief Justice of the United States. He took his seat on September 29, 2005, having been nominated by President George W. Bush after the death of chief justice William Rehnquist. He has been described as having a conservative judicial philosophy in his jurisprudence.
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George Sutherland Alexander George Sutherland (March 25, 1862 – July 18, 1942) was an English-born U.S. jurist and politician. One of four appointments to the Supreme Court by President Warren G. Harding, he served as an Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court between 1922 and 1938.
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Clarence Thomas Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American judge, lawyer, and government official who currently serves as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Thomas succeeded Thurgood Marshall and is the second African American to serve on the court.
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David M. Ebel David Milton Ebel (born June 3, 1940) is a Senior United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.
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Marilyn Jean Kelly Marilyn Jean Kelly (born April 15, 1938) is a retired jurist in Michigan. She was elected to two terms both on the Michigan Court of Appeals and as a Justice on the Michigan Supreme Court. Due to her being over 70 years old, Kelly was prohibited by the Michigan Constitution to seek re-election in 2012.
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William G. Callow William Grant Callow (born April 9, 1921) is an American jurist who served as a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court from 1977 to 1992.
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Earl Warren Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American jurist and politician who served as the 30th Governor of California (1943–1953) and later the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (1953–1969).
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Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ( ; March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935) was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1902 to 1932, and as Acting Chief Justice of the United States from January–February 1930. Noted for his long service, his concise and pithy opinions and his deference to the decisions of elected legislatures, he is one of the most widely cited United States Supreme Court justices in history, particularly for his "clear and present danger" opinion for a unanimous Court in the 1919 case of "Schenck v. United States", and is one of the most influential American common law judges, honored during his lifetime in Great Britain as well as the United States. Holmes retired from the Court at the age of 90 years, making him the oldest Justice in the Supreme Court's history. He also served as an Associate Justice and as Chief Justice on the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, and was Weld Professor of Law at the Harvard Law School, of which he was an alumnus.
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Robert M. Bell Robert Mack Bell (born July 6, 1943) is an American lawyer and jurist from Baltimore, Maryland. From 1996 to 2013, he served as Chief Judge on the Maryland Court of Appeals, the highest court in the state. He was the first African American to hold the position.
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Oscar Hallam Oscar Hallam (October 19, 1865 – September 23, 1945) was an American lawyer, judge, and academic from Minnesota. He served as a Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from 1912 to 1924, and served as a Minnesota state Second District Court judge from 1905 to 1912. Hallam was a member of the faculty (1901–1945), dean (1919–1941) and president until 1945, of William Mitchell College of Law.
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Amalya Lyle Kearse Amalya Lyle Kearse (born June 11, 1937) is a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, and a world-class bridge player.
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Calvin L. Brown Calvin L. Brown (April 26, 1854 – September 24, 1923) was an American lawyer and judge from Minnesota. He served as Chief Justice of the Minnesota Supreme Court from January 1913 until his death. In 1905, he authored "Mohr v. Williams", a famous torts case.
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John Paul Stevens John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is a retired associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from December 19, 1975, until his retirement on June 29, 2010. At the time of his retirement, he was the second-oldest serving justice in the history of the Court, and the third-longest serving Supreme Court Justice in history. Stevens is widely considered to have been on the liberal side of the Court at the time of his retirement.
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Ronald D. Castille Ronald D. Castille (born March 16, 1944) served on the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1994 to 2014 and was Chief Justice from 2008 to 2014. He stepped down from the court in 2014, after reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70.
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Paul L. Brady Paul L. Brady (born Paul Lawrence Brady on September 28, 1927) is an American civil rights advocate, author and Federal Administrative Law Judge who, when he achieved that position in 1972, became the first African American to do so. He remained working for the Federal Government for thirty-one years, retiring in 1997.
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Richard S. Arnold Richard Sheppard Arnold (March 26, 1936 – September 23, 2004) was a judge of the U.S. District Court and then the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. Two presidents, Richard M. Nixon and Bill Clinton, considered naming Arnold to the United States Supreme Court. Polly Price, a former Arnold law clerk and an Emory University law professor who has written a biography of Arnold, said that the judge will be remembered like the great jurist Learned Hand: "perhaps the best judge never to serve on the Supreme Court." In May 2002, the U.S. Courthouse in Little Rock was renamed in Judge Arnold's honor.
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Richard Neely Richard Forlani Neely (August 2, 1941– ) was a justice and chief justice of the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals from 1973 to 1995. When he took office, he became the youngest judge of a court of last resort in the English-speaking world in the 20th century.
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John Marshall Harlan II John Marshall Harlan (May 20, 1899 – December 29, 1971) was an American jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1955 to 1971. His namesake was his grandfather John Marshall Harlan, another associate justice who served from 1877 to 1911.