The 1916 Australian plebiscite was held to conscript young Australian men for overseas service at the desire of the head of government whose office exists only through longstanding political convention and what?
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Australian conscription referendum, 1916 The 1916 Australian plebiscite was held on 28 October 1916. It was the first non-binding Australian plebiscite, and contained one question concerning military service. This plebiscite was held due to Prime Minister Billy Hughes' desire to conscript young Australian men for overseas service during World War I. It was conducted under the "Military Service Referendum Act" 1916.
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Prime Minister of Australia The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the head of government of Australia. The individual who holds the office is the most senior Minister of the Crown, the leader of the Cabinet and the chairperson of the National Security Committee. The Prime Minister also has the responsibility of administering the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. The office is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia and exists only through longstanding political convention and tradition. Despite this, in practice it is the most powerful parliamentary position in Australia. The individual who holds the office is commissioned by the Governor-General of Australia.
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Chief Minister of the Northern Territory The Chief Minister of the Northern Territory is the head of government of the Northern Territory. The office is the equivalent of a State Premier.
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President of the Senate of South Africa The President of the Senate presided over the Senate of South Africa, the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa. The President was chosen from among the Senators at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office was vacant. The President acted as a "referee", taking charge of debates to make sure that the Senators could participate freely while keeping to the rules. The President also had managerial duties to ensure that Senate runs smoothly. Each political party in the Senate elected a chief whip to run its affairs. The presiding officers, the chief whips, and the Leader of Government Business (the person appointed by the Cabinet to liaise with Parliament) together decided on the programme of work.
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Liberal Government of New Zealand The Liberal Government of New Zealand was the first responsible government in New Zealand politics organised along party lines. The government formed following the founding of the Liberal Party and took office on the 24 January 1891, and governed New Zealand for over 21 years until 10 July 1912. To date, it is the longest-serving government in New Zealand's history. The government was also historically notable for enacting significant social and economic changes, such as the Old Age Pensions Act and women's suffrage. One historian described the policies of the government as "a revolution in the relationship between the government and the people".
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Minister for Youth (Western Australia) Minister for Youth is a position in the government of Western Australia, currently held by Peter Tinley of the Labor Party. The position was first created after the 1983 state election, for the government of Brian Burke, and has existed in almost every government since then. The youth portfolio falls within the state government's Department of Local Government and Communities.
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Australian referendum, 1946 (Marketing) Constitution Alteration (Organised Marketing of Primary Products) 1946 was an Australian referendum held in the 1946 referendums which sought to alter the Australian Constitution to remove restrictions in Section 92 of the Constitution which limited Commonwealth power to make laws with respect to the organised marketing of primary products.
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Direct election republican model (Australia) A direct election republican model is a proposal for Australian constitutional reform. If a proposal of this type is approved at a referendum, it would establish Australia as a republic with a head of state chosen directly by the Australian electorate.
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Alexander Downer Alexander John Gosse Downer, AC (born 9 September 1951) is a former Australian Liberal Party politician who was Foreign Minister of Australia from 11 March 1996 to 3 December 2007, the longest-serving in Australian history. He was also the Leader of the Opposition for eight months from 1994 to 1995. Until early February 2014, Downer was the United Nations Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Cyprus. In June 2014, Downer was appointed Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.
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Premier of Tasmania The Premier of Tasmania is the head of the executive government in the Australian state of Tasmania. By convention, the leader of the party or political grouping which has majority support in the House of Assembly is invited by the Governor of Tasmania to be Premier and principal adviser.
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Philip McBride Sir Philip Albert Martin McBride KCMG (18 June 1892 – 14 July 1982) was an Australian politician. He was a United Australia Party member of the Australian House of Representatives for Grey from 1931 to 1937 and the Australian Senate from 1937 to 1944, and a Liberal Party of Australia member of the House of Representatives for Wakefield from 1946 to 1958. He served as a minister in both of Robert Menzies' governments, as Minister for the Army and Minister for Repatriation (1940), Minister for Supply and Development and Minister for Munitions (1940–1941), Minister for the Interior (1949–1950), and Minister for Defence (1950–1958).
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Reid Government The Reid Government refers to the period of federal Executive Government of Australia led by Prime Minister Sir George Reid. It lasted from 18 August 1904 - 5 July 1905. Reid was the one and only Prime Minister of Australia to belong to the Free Trade Party to govern Australia. Allan McLean of the Protectionist Party served as deputy.
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Lieutenant governor (Canada) In Canada, a lieutenant governor ( ; French [masculine]: "lieutenant-gouverneur", or [feminine]: "lieutenant-gouverneure") is the viceregal representative in a provincial jurisdiction of the Canadian monarch and head of state, Queen Elizabeth II . On the advice of his or her prime minister, the Governor General of Canada appoints the lieutenant governors to carry out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties for an unfixed period of time—known as serving "at His Excellency's pleasure"—though five years is the normal convention. Similar positions in Canada's three territories are termed "Commissioners" and are representatives of the federal government, however, not the monarch directly.
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John Kerr (governor-general) Sir John Robert Kerr, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (24 September 1914 – 24 March 1991) was the 18th Governor-General of Australia. He dismissed the Labor government of Gough Whitlam on 11 November 1975, marking the climax of the most significant constitutional crisis in Australian history. He had previously been the 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales.
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President of Finland The President of the Republic of Finland (Finnish: "Suomen tasavallan presidentti" , Swedish: "Republiken Finlands president" ) is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the president and the cabinet, with the president possessing only residual powers. The president is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years. Since 1991, no president may be elected for more than two consecutive terms. The president must be a native-born Finnish citizen. The office was established by the Constitution Act of 1919. The current office-holder is Sauli Niinistö.
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Australian federal election, 1922 Federal elections were held in Australia on 16 December 1922. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives, and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Nationalist Party of Australia led by Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes lost its majority. However, the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Matthew Charlton did not take office as the Nationalists sought a coalition with the Country Party led by Earle Page, but the Country Party made Hughes's resignation the price for joining. Hughes was replaced by Stanley Bruce.
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New South Wales constitutional crisis, 1932 The 1932 dismissal of Premier Jack Lang by New South Wales Governor Philip Game was the first real constitutional crisis in Australia. Lang remains the only Australian Premier to be removed from office by his Governor, using the Reserve Powers of the Crown.
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Cabinet of New Zealand The Cabinet of New Zealand (Māori: "Te Rūnanga o te Kāwanatanga o Aotearoa" ) is a council of senior ministers, responsible to the New Zealand Parliament. Cabinet meetings, chaired by the Prime Minister, occur once a week where vital issues are discussed and government policy formulated. The Cabinet has significant power in the New Zealand political system and nearly all bills proposed by the Cabinet in Parliament are enacted.
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List of Australian Ambassadors to Iraq The Ambassador of Australia to Iraq is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the Embassy of the Commonwealth of Australia to the Republic of Iraq in Baghdad. The position has the rank and status of an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and is currently held by Christopher Langman since August 2015. Iraq and Australia have enjoyed official diplomatic relations since the Australian government of Gough Whitlam recognised the Iraqi Republic in 1973. Contacts between Australia and Iraq however were much earlier, dating back to British Mandatory Iraq and the British Protectorate Kingdom of Iraq from 1935.
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Minister of State at the Department of Defence The Minister of State at the Department of Defence (Irish: "Aire Stáit ag an Roinn Cosanta" ) is a junior ministerial post in the Department of Defence of the Government of Ireland. The post supports the senior Minister for Defence. The position is usually, but not currently, held jointly with that of the post of Minister of State at the Department of the Taoiseach, who is the government Chief Whip. The Minister of State does not hold cabinet rank (and does not have a vote) but does attend cabinet meetings as a "super junior" minister. The position was created on 1 January 1978, replacing the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Defence.
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Australian Labor Party split of 1916 The Australian Labor Party split of 1916 occurred following severe disagreement within the Australian Labor Party over the issue of proposed World War I conscription in Australia. Labor Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes had, by 1916, become an enthusiastic supporter of conscription as a means to boost Australia's contribution to the war effort. On 30 August 1916, he announced plans for a referendum on the issue (the Australian plebiscite, 1916), and introduced enabling legislation into parliament on 14 September, which passed only with the support of the opposition. Six of Hughes' ministers resigned in protest at the move, and the New South Wales state branch of the Labor Party expelled Hughes. The referendum saw an intense campaign in which Labor figures vehemently advocated on each side of the argument, although the "no" campaign narrowly won on 14 November. In the wake of the referendum defeat, the caucus moved to expel Hughes on 14 November; instead, he and 23 supporters resigned and formed the National Labor Party. Frank Tudor was elected leader of the rump party. Hughes was recommissioned as Prime Minister, heading a minority government supported by the opposition Commonwealth Liberal Party; the two parties then merged as the Nationalist Party of Australia and won the 1917 federal election. The Nationalist Party served as the main conservative party of Australia until 1931, and the split resulted in many early Labor figures ending their careers on the political right.
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List of Prime Ministers of New Zealand The Prime Minister of New Zealand is the head of government of New Zealand, and the leader of the Cabinet of New Zealand, with various powers and responsibilities defined by convention. Officially, the prime minister is appointed by the Governor-General of New Zealand, but by convention, the prime minister must have the confidence of the elected New Zealand House of Representatives. The prime minister is always a member of parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest political party in the House.