what happens when a cell transcribes a viral gene
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- The answer should be C. Once the host cell transcribes a viral gene, the RNA is formed. The RNA is then translated in order to give us the viral proteins essential for the replication of the virus So the answer is when a cell transcribes a viral gene, the host cell then translates it.
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How does gene therapy work? Some types of virus, such as retroviruses, integrate their genetic material (including the new gene) into a chromosome in the human cell. Other viruses, such as adenoviruses, introduce their DNA into the nucleus of the cell, but the DNA is not integrated into a chromosome.
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Bright Hub The Lysogenic Cycle. In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA or RNA enters the cell and integrates into the host DNA as a new set of genes called prophage. That is, the viral DNA becomes part of the cell's genetic material. No progeny particles, like in the lytic phase, are produced.
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- Once in DNA form, the genetic information of HIV is incorporated as a provirus with the host cell DNA. The proviral genome can subsequently be transcribed into viral RNA that functions as mRNA for translation into HIV proteins and as genomes for the subsequent generation of the virus.
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Translation: DNA to mRNA to Protein During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase (green) uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript (pink). The pre-mRNA is processed to form a mature mRNA molecule that can be translated to build the protein molecule (polypeptide) encoded by the original gene. © 2013 Nature Education All rights reserved.
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Transcription, Translation and Replication In reverse transcription, RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA. This process, catalyzed by reverse transcriptase enzymes, allows retroviruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to use RNA as their genetic material.
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- Segments of DNA are called genes, and code for one protein. These segments of DNA are copied into another nucleic acid molecule called mRNA in a process known as transcription. mRNA is a single stranded molecules that is able to leave the nucleus and travel into the cytoplasm.
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- The information in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated into protein.owever, in many viruses genetic information is encoded in their RNA. Consequently, these viruses mutate at a very high r … ate and change constantly to avoid onslaught from the host's immune system. If the DNA were to mutate as rapidly as RNA, the life would not be as we know it.
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Genetics: Ch. 8 During the lytic cycle, a virus injects its genome into the host cell. The genome directs production and assembly of new viral particles. A viral enzyme is produced and breaks open the cell, releasing new viral particles into the environment.
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CONTROL OF GENE EXPRESSION The viral DNA may, depending on its insertion point, cause mutations of the host DNA. Most viral DNA insertions do not damage the host, but rather become part of the host genome and can be passed on if they have managed to infect a germ-line cell. From 0.5 to 1.0% of mouse DNA may be of viral origin.ome of the DNA viruses can either initiate an infection (lytic in prokaryotes) cycle or can form proviruses. Simian Virus 40 (SV40) causes cancer in hamsters but not in its normal hosts. SV40 can introduce new functional genes into the host DNA, as can a number of other viruses.
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: VIRUSES Viruses gain entry and are specific to a particular host cell because portions of the capsid (or spikes of the envelope) adhere to specific receptor sites on host cell plasma membrane. Their nucleic acid then enters the cell, where the viral genome codes for production of protein units in the capsid.ther bacteriophages can infect a host and insert their DNA into the host DNA. Under certain conditions the viral DNA can detach and direct replication of new virus, eventually killing the host cell. Once inside the cell, the nucleic acid follows one of two paths: lytic or lysogenic, as shown in Figure 7.
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Influenza virus RNA genome The viral RNAs are copied by an enzyme – called RNA polymerase – that is carried into the cell with the virus. In the above scheme, the olive green lines are the (-) strand RNAs found in the influenza virion. Once the virion enters the cell, these 8 RNAs are copied into (+) strand mRNAs.
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BIO2 Viruses Ch 19 - one of the viral genes codes for a protein that represses most other prophage genes-as a result, the phage genome is largely silent-every time the host divides, it copies the phage DNA and passes the copies to daughter cells (thus propagating without killing the host cells on which they depend). one of the viral genes codes for a protein that represses most other prophage genes-as a result, the phage genome is largely silent-every time the host divides, it copies the phage DNA and passes the copies to daughter cells (thus propagating without killing the host cells on which they depend).
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- The viral genome is DNA, not both DNA and RNA. The idea is that the RNA virus sequences encoding the capsid protein was converted to DNA, which then recombined with the viral DNA genome. The genome of this recombinant virus is DNA, n0t DNA and RNA.The gene encoding the viral capsid was acquired from an RNA virus, but as a DNA copy.he authors call it ‘RNA-DNA hybrid virus’, or RDHV. The host of RDHV is unknown but could be one of the eukaryotes that inhabit Boiling Spring Lake. RDHV probably arose when a circovirus acquired the capsid protein of an RNA virus by DNA recombination. This event likely occurred in a cell infected with both viruses.
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CHAPTER 5 - BINDING 1 The short dsRNAs can then bind to a protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex), which promotes unraveling of the dsRNA. 2  A complex of RISC and one of the short RNA strands can bind to complementary stretches in mRNA for a specific gene (viral or host) and inhibit translation of the mRNA into protein.
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- In general, virus need its host to propagate (replicate may be right, reproduce may not). Virus infect the host cells, insert its genetic material (can be RNA or DNA), integrate them into the host genome for the production of viral proteins and its own genetic material. They packages in the cytoplasm and leave the host.es, but viruses need another product to reproduce. The viruses injects it DNA into living cell and viral DNA then directs the cell to make material for the viruses covering … . The viral DNA make more viral DNA.
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Types of viral genome Assignment Help The gene sequences within a virus genome must ultimately be translated into virus proteins and this requires either direct recognition of the viral genome as a messenger RNA (mRNA) by cellular ribosomes, or the conversion of viral genetic information into new mRNA transcripts within the infected cell.
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- A chickenpox virus invaded a cell. Inside, the viral genes were expressed and the viral genetic information was transcribed and translated into viral capsid proteins. What happens when a cell transcribes a viral gene? Select one of the options below as your answer: A. The host cell destroys the viral gene.
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- A retrovirus is a virus that injects RNA into the cell, the RNA then goes through reverse-transcription. It gets turned into DNA and splices with the host cells DNA.
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Correct item! In gene therapy, a type of virus known as a retrovirus is used to replace a defective gene in cells with a new, healthy gene. Scientists insert the healthy gene into the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the retroviruses.rom a human perspective, by far the most significant retroviruses are a small group called lentiviruses, which include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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- When AAV infects human cells in the absence of these “helper” viruses, its ssDNA genome is copied into dsDNA by host-cell DNA polymerase and then is integrated into a single region on chromosome 19, where it does not have any known deleterious effects.hen AAV infects human cells in the absence of these “helper” viruses, its ssDNA genome is copied into dsDNA by host-cell DNA polymerase and then is integrated into a single region on chromosome 19, where it does not have any known deleterious effects.
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- A portion of the virus that is injected into the cell must include the genetic material because the cell's metabolism is altered such that a lot of viral proteins and nucleic acids are made, and new virus particles are assembled within a few hours.
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Retrovirus However, retroviruses function differently, as their RNA is reverse-transcribed into DNA, which is integrated into the host cell's genome (when it becomes a provirus), and then undergoes the usual transcription and translational processes to express the genes carried by the virus.
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virus The virus's genome is uncoated from the protein and injected into the host cell. Then the viral genome hijacks the host cell's machinery, forcing it to replicate the viral genome and produce viral proteins to make new capsids.Next, the viral particles are assembled into new viruses.he virus's genome is uncoated from the protein and injected into the host cell. Then the viral genome hijacks the host cell's machinery, forcing it to replicate the viral genome and produce viral proteins to make new capsids.
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- Lysogeni c cycle In some cases, the viral DNA might enter the nucleus of the host cell. In the lysogenic cycle, also illustrated in Figure 18.13, the viral DNA inserts, or integrates into a chromosome in a host cell. Once integrated, the infected cell will have the viral genes permanently.
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- This leaves a-strand DNA, which is copied to form dsDNA. This is converted to a circular form and inserted into the host cell chromosome, where it is transcribed, replicated, etc. Replication: • single-stranded RNA viruses (except retroviruses) use a viral replicase to convert the viral genome into dsRNA.