define kinetochore in biology
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Centromere In this diagram of a duplicated chromosome, (2) identifies the centromere—the region that joins the two sister chromatids, or each half of the chromosome. In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle fibers. The centromere is the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids or a dyad. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore. Centromeres were first thought to be genetic loci that direct the behavior of chromosomes.
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centriole 1. 1  a small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis, the new pair of centrioles moving ahead of the spindle to opposite poles of the cell as the cell divides: identical in internal structure to a basal body. Origin of centriole.
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Microtubules, the intra-cellular transport system, health and longevity In cell biology, spindle apparatus refers to the subcellular  structure that segregates chromosomes between daughter cells during  cell division. A belt of protein threads i … s not a part of the  spindle apparatus in animal cells.
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Kinetoplast Kinetoplasts are only found in protozoa of the class Kinetoplastida. The variation in the structures of kinetoplasts may reflect phylogenic relationships between kinetoplastids. A kinetoplast is usually adjacent to the organism's flagellar basal body, suggesting that it is tightly bound to the cytoskeleton.In Trypanosoma brucei this cytoskeletal connection is called the tripartite attachment complex and includes the protein p166. kinetoplast is usually adjacent to the organism's flagellar basal body, suggesting that it is tightly bound to the cytoskeleton. In Trypanosoma brucei this cytoskeletal connection is called the tripartite attachment complex and includes the protein p166.
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Kinetoplastida The kinetoplast is found at the base of a cell's flagella and is associated to the flagellum basal body by a cytoskeletal structure. Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton of kinetoplastids is primarily made up of microtubules.
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- In prophase of mitosis, specialized regions on centromeres called kinetochores attach chromosomes to spindle fibers. The centromere (centro- + -mere) is the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore.Centromeres were first defined as genetic loci that direhromosomes.hese are X-shaped chromosomes, with the centromere in the middle so that the two arms of the chromosomes are almost equal. A chromosome is metacentric if its two arms are roughly equal in length. In a normal human karyotype, two chromosomes are considered metacentric: chromosomes 1 and 3.
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- (Red) After capture by the unattached kinetochore of a microtubule from the opposite pole, the now bioriented chromosome congresses to the spindle equator. (Blue) At anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and undergo poleward motion. (C) The speeds of chromosome movements for the chromatids in (B).
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inversion pericentric inversion. an inversion in a chromosome in which the centromere is included in the inverted segment. teat inversion. the tip is invaginated so that the orifice is closed by the act of sucking.
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Kinetochore The kinetochore /kɪˈnɛtəkɔər/ is the protein structure on chromatids where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. The kinetochore forms in eukaryotes, assembles on the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers from the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis.n the other hand, MTs are metastable polymers made of α- and β-tubulin, alternating between growing and shrinking phases, a phenomenon known as dynamic instability. MTs are highly dynamic structures, whose behavior is integrated with kinetochore function to control chromosome movement and segregation.
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BioCoach Activity To see prometaphase animated, click the image. 1  In prometaphase, the spindle enters the nuclear area. 2  Specialized structures called kinetochores have formed on the centromeres of the chromosomes by this time; certain spindle microtubules—the kinetochore microtubules—attach to the kinetochores.
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- : one of a pair of cellular organelles that occur especially in animals, are adjacent to the nucleus, function in the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division, and consist of a cylinder with nine microtubules arranged peripherally in a circle — see cell illustration. See centriole defined for kids. one of a pair of cellular organelles that occur especially in animals, are adjacent to the nucleus, function in the formation of the spindle apparatus during cell division, and consist of a cylinder with nine microtubules arranged peripherally in a circle — see cell illustration. See centriole defined for kids.
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- Mitosis Diagrams 2 In mitosis:Sister kinetochores (centromeres) are attached to microtubules fromopposite poles in metaphase, therefore sister kinetochores and sisterchromatids segregate at anaphase, therefore daugher cells get one copy ofeach chromosome.
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metaphase Long protein filaments called kinetochore microtubules extended from poles on either end of the cell and attached to the kinetochores. During metaphase, the kinetochore microtubules pull the sister chromatids back and forth until they align along the equator of the cell, called the equatorial plane.There is an important checkpoint in the middle of mitosis, called the metaphase checkpoint, during which the cell ensures that it is ready to divide.etaphase is the third phase of mitosis, the process that separates duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.
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- Analogous. Definition. adjective. (evolutionary biology) Corresponding in function but not in evolutionary origin. Supplement. Analogous structures are similar or resembling in certain respects, e.g. in function or in appearance but not in evolutionary origin or developmental origin.An example is wings of a butterfly and wings of a hummingbird are analogous.Word origin: Greek analogos análogos. Proportionate: comparenalogous structures are similar or resembling in certain respects, e.g. in function or in appearance but not in evolutionary origin or developmental origin. An example is wings of a butterfly and wings of a hummingbird are analogous. Word origin: Greek analogos análogos. Proportionate: 1  compare. 2  homologous.  heterologous
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Kingdom (biology) In biology, a kingdom is the second highest level taxon of organisms in scientific classification. The domains or empire are the topmost level. The kingdoms are then divided into smaller groups called phyla (for animals) or divisions (for plants).
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Microtubule Kinetochore microtubules directly connect to the chromosomes, at the kinetochores. To clarify the terminology, each chromosome has two chromatids, and each chromatid has a kinetochore. The two kinetochores associated with a region of the chromosome called the centromere.icrotubules (micro- + tube + -ule) are a component of the cytoskeleton, found throughout the cytoplasm. These tubular polymers of tubulin can grow as long as 50 micrometres and are highly dynamic.
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Kinesis Despite the difference between kinesis and taxis, both of them pertain to the movement in response to a stimulus. An example of kinesis is the movement of a cell or an organism as a result of its exposure to certain stimuli such as light, temperature, and chemical.
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Evolution Resources Large-scale evolution occurring over geologic time that results in the formation of new species and broader taxonomic groups. Microevolution: Changes in the traits of a group of organisms within a species that do not result in a new species. Mimicry: In biology, mimicry is the superficial resemblance of one species of organism to another species or to a natural object in its surroundings.
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taxonomy taxonomy. n. 1. (Biology). a. the branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure, origin, etc.
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Kinetoplastida Kinetoplastida is a group of flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa, and characterised by the presence of an organelle with a large massed DNA called kinetoplast. The organisms are commonly referred to as kinetoplastids or kinetoplasts The group includes a number of parasites responsible for serious diseases in humans and other animals, as well as various forms found in soil and aquatic environments. Their distinguishing feature, the presence of a kinetoplast, is an unusual DNA-containing granule located within the single mitochondrion associated with the base of the cell's flagella (the basal body). The kinetoplast contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome.
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Kinetochore In summary, kinetochore functions include anchoring of chromosomes to MTs in the spindle, verification of anchoring, activation of the spindle checkpoint and participation in force generation to propel chromosome movement during cell division.
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- Centromere is the 'waist' of a chromosome. The structure where mitotic spindles attach to the kinetochore while centrosome is an organelle where microtubules are formed in some cells.Centrosome contains a paired centriole.aking the world better, one answer at a time. Centromere is the 'waist' of a chromosome. The structure where mitotic spindles attach to the kinetochore while centrosome is an organelle where microtubules are formed in some cells. Centrosome contains a paired centriole.
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kin selection Medical Definition of kin selection. : a theory of natural selection which states that a usually altruistic behavior or attribute that lowers the fitness of a particular individual is selected for if it increases the probability of survival and reproduction of related kin who possess some or all of the same genes as the altruistic individual.
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Stoga Keystone Bio-All Terms A process in which new species develop from preexisting species (biological evolution or macroevolution); a change in the allele frequencies of a population of organisms from generation to generation (genetic evolution or microevolution).
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Kinetochore In summary, kinetochore functions include anchoring of chromosomes to MTs in the spindle, verification of anchoring, activation of the spindle checkpoint and participation in force generation to propel chromosome movement during cell division.ven the simplest kinetochores consist of more than 19 different proteins. Many of these proteins are conserved between eukaryotic species, including a specialized histone H3 variant (called CENP-A or CenH3) which helps the kinetochore associate with DNA.