what is an exotoxin
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exotoxin a potent toxin formed and excreted by the bacterial cell and found free in the surrounding medium; exotoxins are the most poisonous substances known. They are protein in nature and heat labile, and are detoxified with retention of antigenicity by treatment with formaldehyde.
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endotoxic shock endotoxic shock. Septic shock due to release of endotoxins by gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides in the cell walls that are released during both reproduction and destruction of the bacteria.
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Lipopolysaccharide The toxic activity of LPS was first discovered and termed endotoxin by Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer, who distinguished between exotoxins, which he classified as a toxin that is released by bacteria into the surrounding environment, and endotoxins, which he considered to be a toxin kept within the bacterial cell and released only after destruction of the bacterial cell wall.
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- Lipopolysaccharide is endotoxin. Imbedded in the outer membrane are various outer membrane proteins, lipoprotein and porin proteins, which sometimes play a role in virulence of a Gram-negative bacterium, but they are not considered endotoxins.
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- Hemotoxin (hemo-toxin) - a toxin that destroys red blood cells by inducing hemolysis. 1  Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: -stasis. 2  Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: erythr- or erythro-. 3  Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: -lysis. 4  Study the Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: Cyto- and -Cyte. 5  Biology Prefixes and Suffixes: angio-.
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Exotoxins and Endotoxins and Difference between Exotoxins and Endotoxins 5 / 5  ( 3 ) Endotoxins: Definition: Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides toxin produced by Gram Negative bacteria. The name endotoxin is derived from the fact that these toxins are generally cell bound and released only when the cell lyses.Basic properties and differences between Exotoxins and Endotoxins.efinition: Endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides toxin produced by Gram Negative bacteria. The name endotoxin is derived from the fact that these toxins are generally cell bound and released only when the cell lyses.
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Tetrodotoxin And The Threat Of Bioterrorism Biology Essay Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin, named after the order of fish from which it is most commonly associated, the Tetrodoniformes (tetras - four and odontos-tooth), or the tetraodon puffer fish.
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- Improved Road – An improved road is a road with. curb and gutters which has a surface of concrete or. asphalt. Benefits: n It is professionally engineered and constructed as a. durable roadway. n Provides for adequate drainage from the roadway. n Once improved, an improved road is maintained by.
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toxin poison produced by living organisms. Toxins are classified as either exotoxins or endotoxins. Exotoxins are a diverse group of soluble proteins released into the surrounding tissue by living bacterial cells. Exotoxins have specific reaction sites in the host; e.g., tetanus and botulinum exotoxins affect nerve tissue, and streptococcal toxins attack vascular tissue. Plants and animals also produce protein toxins.
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endotoxin Etymology: Gk, endon + toxikon, poison. a toxin contained in the cell walls of some microorganisms, especially gram-negative bacteria, that is released when the bacterium dies and is broken down in the body. Fever, chills, shock, leukopenia, and a variety of other symptoms result, depending on the particular organism and the condition of the infected person.
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What is Endotoxin? Endotoxins affect both in vitro and in vivo cell growth and function and are a source of significant variability. In vitro, there is increasing evidence that endotoxin cause a variety of problems for cell culture research.
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DNA Protocols & Applications Endotoxins, also known as lipopolysaccharides or LPS, are cell membrane components of Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., E. coli).The lipid portion of the outer layer of the outer membrane is completely composed of endotoxin molecules (see figure Schematic diagram of the envelope of E. coli).easuring endotoxins Historically, endotoxins were measured in a clotting reaction between the endotoxin and a clottable protein in the amoebocytes of Limulus polyphemus, the horseshoe crab.
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The Impact of Endotoxin on the Human Body Definition of Endotoxin. Endotoxin is a form of sugar. It is a structure composed of lipids and sugar complexes. This structure is called a lipopolysaccharide or LPS.This structure is a necessary component for gram negative bacteria to maintain cell wall integrity.t is called an antigen because it is the target for recognition for the host or human immune response. The O-antigen is a repetitive sequence of glycans. This sequence is variable and produces different kinds of O-antigens.
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Tetrodotoxin And The Threat Of Bioterrorism Biology Essay Tetrodotoxin (TTX, CAS Number [4368-28-9]) is a potent marine neurotoxin, named after the order of fish from which it is most commonly associated, the Tetraodontiformes (tetras-four and odontos-tooth), or the tetraodon pufferfish.
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exotoxin exotoxin A powerful protein poison, formed by some bacteria, which is released and which may cause severe damage either locally or, if carried away by the blood, at a remote distance. Diphtheria exotoxin destroys throat lining tissue, where the organism settles, but can also travel to damage the heart and the kidneys. exotoxin a poison produced by a living CELL and released into the environment. It can affect various ORGANS and systems of the body. Exotoxin
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endotoxin Definition of endotoxin. : a toxic heat-stable lipopolysaccharide substance present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria that is released from the cell upon lysis.
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Excitotoxicity Excitotoxicity is the pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged or killed by excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters such as glutamate and similar substances. This occurs when receptors for the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate (glutamate receptors) such as the NMDA receptor and AMPA receptor are overactivated by glutamatergic storm. Excitotoxins like NMDA and kainic acid which bind to these receptors, as well as pathologically high levels of glutamate, can cause excitotoxicity by allowing high levels of calcium ions (Ca 2+) to enter the cell.
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Microbiology The ability to produce toxins is called toxigenicity. Exotoxins are produced by bacteria (mostly gram-positive) and released into the surrounding medium. Exotoxins, not the bacteria, produce the disease symptoms. Antibodies produced against exotoxins are called antitoxins.
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- An exotoxin is a toxin secreted by bacteria. An exotoxin can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism. They are highly potent and can cause major damage to the host.
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- Answers.com ® WikiAnswers ® Categories History, Politics & Society History Ancient History Ancient Rome The Colosseum How many seats are in the Nassau Coliseum? What would you like to do? Flag
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toxin 1. 1  any poison produced by an organism, characterized by antigenicity in certain animals and high molecular weight, and including the bacterial toxins that are the causative agents of tetanus, diphtheria, etc., and such plant and animal toxins as ricin and snake venom. 1  Compare antitoxin, endotoxin, exotoxin, phytotoxin, venom.
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toxin tox·in. n. 1. A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of causing disease when introduced into the body tissues but is often also capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins.2.. 1. A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of causing disease when introduced into the body tissues but is often also capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins. 2.
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Neurotoxin Botulinum Toxin (BTX) is a group of neurotoxins consisting of eight distinct compounds, referred to as BTX-A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H, which are produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and lead to muscular paralysis.
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toxin animal toxin, zootoxin-a toxin resembling bacterial toxins in its antigenic properties that is found in the fluids of certain animals. bacterial toxin-any endotoxin or exotoxin formed in or elaborated by bacterial cells. cytotoxin-any substance that has a toxic effect on cells.. toxin-a poisonous substance produced during the metabolism and growth of certain microorganisms and some higher plant and animal species. ricin, ricin toxin-a toxic protein extracted from castor beans; used as a chemical reagent; can be used as a bioweapon; one milligram of ricin can kill an adult.
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endotoxin endotoxin (en´dōtok´sin), n a nondiffusible lipid polysaccharide-polypeptide complex formed within bacteria (some gram-negative bacilli and others); when released from the destroyed bacterial cells, endotoxin is capable of producing a toxic manifestation within the host.
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tetanospasmin tetanospasmin. the neurotoxic exotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani, which inhibits release of gamma amino butyric acid by inhibitory neurons, resulting in tetanic spasms.