what is ureteral reflux
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Background Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the kidneys. VUR may be associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), hydronephrosis, and abnormal kidney development (renal dysplasia).
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Vesicoureteral Reflux Vesicoureteral reflux is the abnormal flow of urine from the bladder to the upper urinary tract. The urinary tract is the body’s drainage system for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. Blood flows through the kidneys, and the kidneys filter out wastes and extra water, making urine. The urine travels down two narrow tubes called the ureters.
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hepatojugular reflux 1). esophageal reflux (gastroesophageal reflux) reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus. hepatojugular reflux distention of the jugular vein induced by applying manual pressure over the liver; it suggests insufficiency of the right heart.intrarenal reflux reflux of urine into the renal parenchyma. vesicoureteral reflux (vesicoureteric reflux) backward flow of urine from the bladder into a ureter.sophageal reflux (gastroesophageal reflux) reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus. hepatojugular reflux distention of the jugular vein induced by applying manual pressure over the liver; it suggests insufficiency of the right heart. intrarenal reflux reflux of urine into the renal parenchyma.
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- Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) [known in the past as feline urologic syndrome or (FUS)], is a disease syndrome of cats characterized by the formation of crystals (most commonly struvite crystals) within the urinary bladder.
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Vesicoureteral reflux Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into the ureters/kidneys.
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Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) There are two types of cystogram that are used in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux. 1  Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) – This is an imaging test that uses X-ray technology to view the urinary tract. Using a contrast dye, the technician will fill the bladder using a urinary catheter and will take X-ray images.
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Acid Reflux (GERD) 1 Acid reflux (GERD) is a condition in which acid backs up from the stomach into the esophagus and even up to the throat, irritating the tissue. 2  Acid reflux can be caused by many different things, including lifestyle, medication, diet, pregnancy, rapid weight gain, and certain medical conditions. Acid reflux (GERD) is a condition in which acid backs up from the stomach into the esophagus and even up to the throat, irritating the tissue. 2  Acid reflux can be caused by many different things, including lifestyle, medication, diet, pregnancy, rapid weight gain, and certain medical conditions.
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Prune Belly Syndrome Treatment & Management Medical Therapy. Children with prune belly syndrome who have vesicoureteral reflux should receive maintenance suppressive antibiotics. Some urologists believe that surgical intervention is not warranted in these patients as long as they remain free of infection. Once infections start occurring frequently, the reflux should be corrected.
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Vesicoureteral reflux The goal of treatment is to minimize infections, as it is infections that cause renal scarring and not the vesicoureteral reflux. Minimizing infections is primarily done by prophylactic antibiotics in newborns and infants who are not potty trained.
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ureter the fibromuscular tube through which the urine passes from the kidney to the bladder. ectopic ureter. an abnormally placed opening of the ureter, either into the urinary bladder or at another site in the lower urinary or genital tract. There is usually constant dribbling of urine and commonly an associated pyuria.he fibromuscular tube through which the urine passes from the kidney to the bladder. ectopic ureter. an abnormally placed opening of the ureter, either into the urinary bladder or at another site in the lower urinary or genital tract. There is usually constant dribbling of urine and commonly an associated pyuria.
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- Introduction. The term McCarthyism, derived from the actions of Senator Joseph McCarthy in the early 1950s, has come to mean the use of reckless and unfair accusations in the name of supressing political disloyalty.ompare and contrast the activities of Senator Joseph McCarthy and others during the late 1940s and 1950s to the blame and witch hunting against a specific group of people in a different era of U.S. history.
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Megaureter What is a megaureter? A megaureter means “big ureter” and is a descriptive term, not a diagnosis. The two important questions about megaureter are whether there is reflux (backwash) of urine causing the megaureter or whether there is blockage at the ureterovesical junction causing megaureter (Figure 1).
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Overview Ureteroneocystostomy (UNC) refers to reimplantation of the ureter into the bladder. In the adult population, ureteroneocystostomy is primarily used for disease or trauma involving the lower third portion of the ureter that results in obstruction or fistula. In children, ureteroneocystostomy it is commonly used for surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
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- Extrinsic obstruction of the ureter is a condition caused by organs and diseases that press against the ureter and cause a blockage within the ureter. The resulting blockage affects the flow of urine out of the ureter and can eventually cause urine to build up, which can injure the kidney.xtrinsic obstruction of the ureter is a condition caused by organs and diseases that press against the ureter and cause a blockage within the ureter. The resulting blockage affects the flow of urine out of the ureter and can eventually cause urine to build up, which can injure the kidney.
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Did Thomas Jefferson shoot a man for treason on the White House lawn? Jefferson, being a notorious Anglophobic at the time, served as the sole member of the firing squad. With a single bullet dispatched from a flint lock rifle, Cox received a fatal wound. It took 10 hours for Cox to expire, during which he lay prostrate on the White House lawn.
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Ureteropelvic Junction (UPJ) Obstruction Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction occurs when the area connecting the renal pelvis (part of the kidney) to one of two tubes that connect with the bladder (ureter) becomes blocked, causing urine to build up, which damages the kidneys.
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Medical Terms and abbreviations in Urology/Nephrology In urology, a voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), also micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG), is a technique for visualizing a person's urethra and urinary bladder while the person urinates (voids).nder fluoroscopy (real time x-rays) the radiologist watches the contrast enter the bladder and looks at the anatomy of the patient. If the contrast moves into the ureters and back into the kidneys, the radiologist makes the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux, and gives the degree of severity a score.
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Pediatric VCUG Some children have urinary reflux, a condition in which urine moves backwards from the bladder up towards the kidneys. Urinary reflux can cause problems, including urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, NOT ALL CHILDREN WITH UTIs HAVE URINARY REFLUX. A VCUG test checks for urinary reflux.
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Overview Appointments & care. At Mayo Clinic, we take the time to listen, to find answers and to provide you the best care. A ureteral obstruction is a blockage in one or both of the tubes (ureters) that lead from the kidneys to the bladder. Ureteral obstruction can be a curable condition.However, if it's not treated, symptoms can quickly move from mild (pain, fever, infection) to severe (loss of kidney function, sepsis, even death).t Mayo Clinic, we take the time to listen, to find answers and to provide you the best care. A ureteral obstruction is a blockage in one or both of the tubes (ureters) that lead from the kidneys to the bladder. Ureteral obstruction can be a curable condition.
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Hydronephrosis The most common cause for this blockage is a kidney stone, but scarring and blood clots can also cause acute unilateral obstructive uropathy. A blocked ureter can cause urine to go back up into the kidney, which causes swelling. This backflow of urine is known as vesicoureteric reflux (VUR).
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Examples of Iambic Pentameter For example, the word remark consists of two syllables. Re is the unstressed syllable, with a weaker emphasis, while mark is stressed, with a stronger emphasis. In poetry, a group of two or three syllables is referred to as a foot.A specific type of foot is an iamb.A foot is an iamb if it consists of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, so the word remark is an iamb. Pent means five, so a line of iambic pentameter consists of five iambs – five sets of unstressed syllables followed by stressed syllables.e is the unstressed syllable, with a weaker emphasis, while mark is stressed, with a stronger emphasis. In poetry, a group of two or three syllables is referred to as a foot. A specific type of foot is an iamb.
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Megaureter If there is obstruction, the diagnosis is “obstructed megaureter” or “primary obstructed megaureter”. If there is neither reflux nor obstruction, then the diagnosis is “primary non-obstructed megaureter”. In very rare circumstances, there can be reflux and obstruction and the diagnosis is “refluxing obstructed megaureter”. The two most common types of megaureter by far are the “primary non-obstructed megaureter” and the “refluxing megaureter”. Figure 1: Image of a ureterovesical junction obstruction. What are the symptoms of a megaureter?
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What is UPJ obstruction? What is UPJ obstruction? The ureteropelvic junction is located where the pelvis of the kidney meets the ureter (the tube that drains urine into the bladder). The term ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction describes a blockage to this area. The obstruction impedes the flow of urine down to the bladder, causing the urine to back up in the kidney and dilate it (hydronephrosis).
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Renal Tubular Acidosis Points to Remember. 1  Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine, which causes a person's blood to remain too acidic. Without proper treatment, chronic acidity of the blood leads to growth retardation, kidney stones, bone disease, chronic kidney disease, and possibly total kidney failure.
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What is ureterovesical junction (UVJ) obstruction? Ureterovesical Junction (UVJ) Obstruction. The uretrovesical junction is located where the ureter (the tube that drains urine from the kidney) meets the bladder.Ureterovesical junction (UVJ) obstruction refers to a blockage to this area.reterovesical Junction (UVJ) Obstruction. The uretrovesical junction is located where the ureter (the tube that drains urine from the kidney) meets the bladder.