pesticide resistance definition biology
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Pesticide resistance Pesticide resistance describes the decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a pesticide that was previously effective at controlling the pest. Pest species evolve pesticide resistance via natural selection: the most resistant specimens survive and pass on their genetic traits to their offspring.
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Antimicrobial resistance 1 Antimicrobial resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections caused by bacteria, parasites, viruses and fungi.  It is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society.
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Pesticides Pesticides are designed to kill living things and may harm people, animals, and the environment. Pesticides also can kill organisms that cause illness. Pesticide application is one of many effective methods used to prevent malaria and other diseases.
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APES Chapter 23 Vocabulary Genetic Resistance. Can be developed within 5-10 years by insects (much sooner in tropical areas). It is a developed immunity to pesticides that, through natural selection, can make the insects come back stronger. Weeds and plant disease organisms also develop this, but much more slowly. Tolerance Level
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Microbiota PGPBs may protect plants from pathogens by competing with the pathogen for an ecological niche or a substrate, producing inhibitory allelochemicals, or inducing systemic resistance in host plants to the pathogen; Functions. Microbiota have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal and metabolic homeostasis of their host.
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Pesticides Pesticides. The word “pesticides” is used to describe any substance that kills a pest, or reduces the damage a pest may cause. Pesticides are classified as insecticides for insects, rodenticides for rodents, herbicides for weeds, and fungicides for fungi, mold, and mildew control.
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- Brown JKM and Tellier A (2011) Plant‐parasite coevolution: bridging the gap between genetics and ecology. Annual Review of Phytopathology 49: 345–367. Brown JKM and Rant JC (2013) Fitness costs and trade‐offs of disease resistance and their consequences for breeding arable crops. Plant Pathology 62: 83–95.
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Bioaccumulation Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of substances, such as pesticides, or other chemicals in an organism. Bioaccumulation occurs when an organism absorbs a substance at a rate faster than that at which the substance is lost by catabolism and excretion.
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The population genetics of plant pathogens and breeding strategies for durable resistance The population genetics of plant pathogens and breeding strategies for durable resistance. Abstract. The durability of disease resistance is affected by the evolutionary potential of the pathogen population. Pathogens with a high evolutionary potential are more likely to overcome genetic resistance than pathogens with a low evolutionary potential.
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- Sustainable pest management is an important part of rice production systems as pests affect the yield and quality of rice. To help farmers with pest management, IRRI develops pest-and disease-resistant varieties of rice, integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, and ecological engineering approaches.RRI is also searching for new resistance genes to improve rice’s built-in resistance to existing and emerging pest and disease threats. Because of their built-in pest and disease resistance, IRRI pest-resistant varieties typically require less pesticide than susceptible varieties.
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Effects of host plant and genetic background on the fitness costs of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis The meta-analysis of fitness cost experiments with B. pekinensis estimated the RR of survival for resistant (RR) insects at 0.72 (95% CLs=0.62, 0.83; 99.9% CLs=0.57, 0.92), indicating that the probability of resistant larvae surviving to adulthood is 0.72 that that of susceptible larvae (Figure 3).
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- Relevance of evolution: agriculture : Refuges of genetic variation: controlling crop pest evolution. Pests evolve resistance to our pesticides at an alarming rate. However, evolutionary theory tells us how we can slow the rate at which genes for pesticide resistance spread: by providing refuges where non-resistant insects thrive.
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Pesticide Registration Manual: Chapter 1 - Overview of Requirements for Pesticide Registration and Registrant Obligations The term pesticide, as defined in FIFRA section 2(u) means: 1  any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest; 2  any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant; and. 3  any nitrogen stabilizer.
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Pest (organism) The term plant pest has a specific definition in terms of the International Plant Protection Convention and phytosanitary measures worldwide. A pest is any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal, or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products.
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Pesticide Treadmill Pesticide Treadmill. Definition - What does Pesticide Treadmill mean? The term pesticide treadmill describes the phenomenon whereby pesticide use prevents any natural form of control from taking place, thereby resulting in the need for repeated, routine applications of pesticide.
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Bt microbial insecticide The microbial insecticide Bt is a concentrated formulation bacterium that kills the caterpillar stage of moths and butterflies. The active ingredients are spores and toxic crystals produced by the naturally occurring bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis.
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- My fridge has developed a nasty nasty chemical smell which has permeated everything. In the throes of throwing everything away and a good clean.............does the gas smell if it leaks?
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- genetically modified food. Any crop or agricultural product altered by biological engineering for drought resistance, increased growth, resistance to pests or pesticides, prolonged shelf-life, altered textures or flavors, or other economically or commercially desirable characteristics.ny food genetically modified to resist or tolerate pesiticides, insects, or viruses, or to decrease spoilage, produce antibodies, decrease fatty acid synthesis, or increase production of certain amino acids. (jĕ-net'ik-ă-lē mod'i-fīd fūd).
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What is pesticide resistance? Pesticide resistance is the ability of a pest population, such as insects, fungi, weeds or rodents, to evolve a tolerance to a pesticide that it was previously susceptible to. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_...
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resistance resistance-the capacity of an organism to defend itself against harmful environmental agents; these trees are widely planted because of their resistance to salt and smog. capability, capacity-the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment; the capability of a metal to be fused.
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- Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Soil bacterium used for biological pest control-produces a crystalline protein toxic to certain types of insects. Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis in an inactive form (protoxin), which is transformed to its active form (delta-endotoxin) in the guts of certain insects.
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antimicrobial therapy ability of a microorganism to resist the effects of an antimicrobial agent. May be an intrinsic characteristic or acquired by selection for mutation or by acquisition of a resistance gene from other microorganisms.
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Plant disease resistance Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant, while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage despite substantial pathogen levels.elative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant, while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage despite substantial pathogen levels.
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Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication previously used to treat them. This broader term also covers antibiotic resistance, which applies to bacteria and antibiotics.