pulmonary cachexia definition
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The mechanisms of cachexia underlying muscle dysfunction in COPD Pulmonary cachexia is a prevalent, debilitating, and well-recognized feature of COPD associated with increased mortality and loss of peripheral and respiratory muscle function. The exact cause and underlying mechanisms of cachexia in COPD are still poorly understood.
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Cachexia: pathophysiology and clinical relevance Cachexia causes weight loss and increased mortality. It affects more than 5 million persons in the United States. Other causes of weight loss include anorexia, sarcopenia, and dehydration. The pathophysiology of cachexia is reviewed in this article. The major cause appears to be cytokine excess. Other potential mediators include testosterone and insulin-like growth factor I deficiency, excess myostatin, and excess glucocorticoids.
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- Positional Asphyxia. A form of asphyxia which occurs when body position prevents adequate gas exchange, such as from upper airway obstruction or a limitation in chest wall expansion, e.g., due to steering wheel compression.
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- Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Pulmonary atresia. Pulmonary atresia is a congenital malformation of the pulmonary valve in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby obstructing the outflow of blood from the heart to the lungs.
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Bradypnea Dyspnea is a normal symptom of heavy exertion but becomes pathological if it occurs in unexpected situations or light exertion. In 85% of cases it is due to asthma, pneumonia, cardiac ischemia, interstitial lung disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or psychogenic causes, such as panic disorder and anxiety. Treatment typically depends on the underlying cause.
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- A·yer·za syn·drome. sclerosis of the pulmonary arteries in chronic cor pulmonale; associated with severe cyanosis, it is a condition resembling polycythemia vera but resulting from primary pulmonary arteriosclerosis or primary pulmonary hypertension and characterized by plexiform lesions of arterioles.
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- The formal definition of cachexia is the loss of body mass that cannot be reversed nutritionally: Even if the affected patient eats more calories, lean body mass will be lost, indicating a primary pathology is in place.
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- Consensus exists on a framework for the definition and classification of cancer cachexia. After validation, this should aid clinical trial design, development of practice guidelines, and, eventually, routine clinical management.
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cachexia General weight loss and wasting in the course of a chronic disease or emotional disturbance. cachexia (kəkek´sēə), n the weakness, loss of weight, atrophy, and emaciation caused by severe or chronic disease such as with AIDS. n See disease, Simmonds'.
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Pulmonary Atresia Pulmonary atresia (pronounced PULL-mun-airy ah-TREE-sha) is a very rare birth defect of the pulmonary valve. Sometimes the pulmonary valve is missing completely; other times the valve is blocked. “Pulmonary” refers to the lungs, and “atresia” means missing or blocked.
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pulmonary congestion pulmonary congestion. an excessive accumulation of fluid in the lungs, usually associated with either an inflammation or congestive heart failure. pulmonary congestion. The accumulation of an abnormal amount of blood in the vascular bed of the lungs. It usually occurs in association with heart failure. See also: congestion. congestion. abnormal accumulation of blood in a part. pulmonary congestion. see pulmonary congestion. caused by engorgement of the pulmonary vascular bed and it may precede pulmonary edema when the intravascular fluid escapes into the parenchyma and the alveoli. There is a loss of air space and the development of respiratory embarrassment.
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Cachexia and Anorexia Cachexia and Anorexia. Cachexia, or “Wasting Disorder,” is a problem faced by many patients with cancer, including those with mesothelioma. It is characterized by weight loss, the loss of muscle tone, and the onset of anorexia in people with cancer.Both a patient’s Adipose and skeletal muscle is compromised. patient who develops an eating disorder like anorexia requires special care and support. An oncologist who is treating a cancer patient with anorexia will probably enlist the assistance of a counselor or psychotherapist, as well as a nutritionist.
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Pulmonary congestion Pulmonary congestion. Also known as Chest Congestion and Lung Congestion. Pulmonary edema (American English), or oedema (British English; both words from the Greek οἴδημα), is fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchyma of the lungs. It leads to impaired gas exchange and may cause respiratory failure.
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Pulmonary aspiration Pulmonary aspiration is the entry of material from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract into the larynx and lower respiratory tract. A person may either inhale the material, or it may be delivered into the tracheobronchial tree during positive pressure ventilation. When pulmonary aspiration occurs during eating and drinking, the aspirated material is often colloquially referred to as going down the wrong pipe. Consequences of pulmonary aspiration range from no injury at all, to chemical pn
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- Additionally, cachexia is a process and the time course of weight loss is often not reported in COPD literature. In this review, we will refer to patients as underweight (low BMI only), muscle-atrophied (low FFMI and normal BMI), or cachectic (low FFMI and low BMI) based on reported body composition (90).
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Case ReportA pulmonary abscess, beware of lung cancer! A pulmonary abscess is defined as necrosis of the pulmonary parenchym caused by microbial infections. The most common organisms are anaerobe bacteria. Local conditions, host resistance and infecting agents all play a role in the formation of pulmonary abscesses. An underlying endobronchial obstructing lung cancer predisposes for the development of a pulmonary abscess.
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- Definitions: 1. sclerosis of the pulmonary arteries in chronic cor pulmonale; associated with severe cyanosis, it is a condition resembling polycythemia vera but resulting from primary pulmonary arteriosclerosis or primary pulmonary hypertension and characterized by plexiform lesions of arterioles.
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Translations for Pulmonary Embolism pulmonary embolism(Noun) The embolism or obstruction of a pulmonary artery, usually by a detached blood clot from a leg or pelvic vein, which causes a stoppage of blood into the lungs; symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, and sometimes death.
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Pulmonary edema Pulmonary edema is an accumulation of fluid within the parenchyma and air spaces of the lungs. Classically it is cardiogenic (left ventricular) but fluid may also accumulate due to damage to the lung. This damage may be direct injury or injury mediated by high pressures within the pulmonary circulation.
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- Definition. Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs. This fluid collects in the numerous air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. In most cases, heart problems cause pulmonary edema.
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Case ReportCough syncope in a patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cough syncope is a well-recognized entity which occurs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and pulmonary hypertension. It can be sometimes confused with seizures. We report a patient with severe COPD who presented with cough syncope.
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Corn Allergies: What You Should Know While it's a common food, corn allergy is much less common than are allergies to wheat, peanuts, tree nuts, milk, soy, fish, shellfish, or eggs. People who are allergic to corn don't always react the same way. Some reactions include: Hives (light red skin bumps) or a skin rash.
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Pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism). Symptoms of a PE may include shortness of breath, chest pain particularly upon breathing in, and coughing up blood.
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emphysema emphysema. n. 1. (Pathology) Also called: pulmonary emphysema a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are grossly enlarged, causing breathlessness and wheezing. 2. (Pathology) the abnormal presence of air in a tissue or part.mphysema. n. 1. (Pathology) Also called: pulmonary emphysema a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are grossly enlarged, causing breathlessness and wheezing. 2. (Pathology) the abnormal presence of air in a tissue or part.
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Cachexia Cachexia physically weakens patients to a state of immobility stemming from loss of appetite, asthenia, and anemia, and response to standard treatment is usually poor. Cachexia includes sarcopenia as a part of its pathology.
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pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary hypertension is a rare lung disorder characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood from the lower chamber on the right side of the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs where it picks up oxygen.