what is bmaa toxin
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beta -Methylamino- L -alanine β-Methylamino-L-alanine, or BMAA, is a non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria.tudies on human brain tissue of ALS/PDC, ALS, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and neurological controls indicated that BMAA is present in non-genetic progressive neurodegenerative disease but not in controls or genetic-based Huntington's disease.
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Shiga-like toxin Shiga-like toxin, also known as verotoxin, is a toxin generated by some strains of Escherichia coli (but see below). It is named for its similarity to the AB5-type Shiga toxin produced by the bacteria Shigella dysenteriae, [ see Vero cell ].
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What is MDMA? MDMA (3-4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a synthetic, psychoactive drug with a chemical structure similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline.
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toxin toxin. n. 1. (Pathology) any of various poisonous substances produced by microorganisms that stimulate the production of neutralizing substances (antitoxins) in the body. See also endotoxin, exotoxin. 2. (Biology) any other poisonous substance of plant or animal origin.. A poisonous substance, especially a protein, that is produced by living cells or organisms and is capable of causing disease when introduced into the body tissues but is often also capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies or antitoxins. 2. A poisonous or harmful nonbiological substance, such as a pollutant.
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- Cholera Toxins. Produced by Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin (CT) is a multimeric enterotoxin that transfers ADP-ribose to a G protein, locking adenylate cyclase in an 'on' position.
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Neurotoxin Tetraethylammonium (TEA) is a compound that, like a number of neurotoxins, was first identified through its damaging effects to the nervous system and shown to have the capacity of inhibiting the function of motor nerves and thus the contraction of the musculature in a manner similar to that of curare.
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What Is the Bt Toxin? Synthetic chemicals have largely been responsible for accomplishing the task but the agricultural industry has more recently started a biological warfare campaign against insects with an organism known as Bacillus thuringiensis, or the Bt toxin. What is Bacillus thuringiensis? Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a bacteria that produces proteins which are toxic to insects. Bt’s extreme toxicity comes at no surprise. It’s in the same family of bacteria as B. anthracis, which causes anthrax, and B. cereus, which causes food poisoning. What is Bt Used For?
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- Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis in an inactive form (protoxin), which is transformed to its active form (delta-endotoxin) in the guts of certain insects. The active toxin binds to receptors in the gut, killing the insect.
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Botulinum toxin Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction and thus causes flaccid paralysis. Infection with the bacterium causes the disease botulism.
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BOTULINUM TOXIN Medical Definition of Botulinum toxin. Botulinum toxin: A toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum that is the most poisonous biological substance known. Botulinum toxin acts as a neurotoxin. It binds to the nerve ending at the point where the nerve joins a muscle, blocking the release by the nerve of the chemical acetylcholine (the principal neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction), preventing the muscle from contracting.
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- Possible toxins include: 1  Beta-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) 2  Smoking. 3  Toxins: metals, solvents, radiation and electromagnetic fields. 4  Warfare. 5  Exercise. 6  Pesticides. 7  Viruses.
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Does Mountain Dew Contain a Dangerous Toxin? Brominated Vegetable Oil (BVO) The “toxin” in question is brominated vegetable oil, or BVO, a food additive that has been used as an “emusifier” in citrus-flavored soft drinks since the 1930s. BVO is a synthetic chemical made from soybean or corn oil that has been bonded to bromine atoms.
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Legalâ¢Info Stachbotrys. The toxin produced by Stachybotrys chartarum is the most deadly. It has been tied to diseases as minor as hay fever, to those as serious as liver damage, pulmonary edema, and in the most severe cases, brain or nerve damage and even death. It has also been linked to severe illness in infants.
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- Claim: Mountain Dew and other sodas contain a toxic chemical known as brominated vegetable oil (BVO). Examples: [Collected via e-mail, March 2013]. Origins: Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is vegetable oil which is bonded with atoms of the element bromine.
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Botulinum toxin It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction and thus causes flaccid paralysis. Infection with the bacterium causes the disease botulism. The toxin is also used commercially in medicine, cosmetics, and research. Botulinum is the most acutely lethal toxin known, with an estimated human median lethal dose (LD50) of 1.3–2.1 ng/kg intravenously or intramuscularly and 10–13 ng/kg when inhaled.
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toxin Definition of toxin: Technically, a poison produced by the metabolic activity of a microorganism (such as Clostridium botulinum), an animal (such as snake), or plant (such as nightshade) which, when introduced in a living ...
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"Special Issue "" Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins""" Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biopesticide worldwide due to its production of proteinaceous crystal toxins. B. thuringiensis is part of the Bacillus cereus group, and the B. thuringiensis may be very closely related to B. cereus strains.
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Toxins Bacterial Toxins. Botulinum toxin, produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, is the most poisonous substance known. The bacteria grows on, e.g., poorly preserved food and causes a severe form of food-poisoning (botulism).any toxins are produced by marine organisms. One such example is saxitoxin, which is synthesized by a type of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). These algae provide food for different shellfish, e.g., mussels.
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- Botox on the other hand is derived from the bacteria Clostridium botulinum which is the bacteria responsible for the foodborne illness known as botulism. Botox, also known as Botulinum toxin type A, is a drug made from a toxin produced by the bacteria. No, botox is not made from snake venom. There is new anti-aging/anti-wrinkle treatment involving the use of synthetic venom proteins that are copies of the neuro-toxic p … roteins found in snake venom.
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Cyanotoxin Cyanotoxins are toxins produced by bacteria called cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae). Cyanobacteria are found almost everywhere, but particularly in lakes and in the ocean where, under certain conditions, they reproduce exponentially to form blooms.yanotoxins can also accumulate in other animals such as fish and shellfish, and cause poisonings such as shellfish poisoning. Among cyanotoxins are some of the most powerful natural poisons known, including poisons which can cause rapid death by respiratory failure.
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Botulinum toxin: Wikis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Botulinum toxin is a medication and a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, and is known to be very toxic with an LD50 of roughly 0.005–0.05 µg/kg. Despite its deadly toxic effect, it is sometimes used in very small doses to treat muscle spasms.
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Bacillus thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensis produces the Cry crystal toxin that attacks the gut of pests and kills them internally. These Cry toxins are good agricultural tools for growing plants. Instead of using chemicals that may have adverse effects on humans, genetic engineers integrate the Bt toxin into the plant's genome.These Bt Cry toxins are safe for humans and kill off species of pests that are susceptible to the Bacillus thuringiensis endospore.nstead of using chemicals that may have adverse effects on humans, genetic engineers integrate the Bt toxin into the plant's genome. These Bt Cry toxins are safe for humans and kill off species of pests that are susceptible to the Bacillus thuringiensis endospore.
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Toxins Toxins from Fungi and Algae. 1  Aflatoxins are produced by many species of the fungus Aspergillus, which commonly contaminates corn (maize) and other types of crops during production, harvest, storage or processing. 2  Saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin are produced by several species of marine and fresh water algae and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria).
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Microbial toxin Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria and fungi.Microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Some bacterial toxins, such as Botulinum neurotoxins, are the most potent natural toxins known.However, microbial toxins also have important uses in medical science and research.icrobial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Some bacterial toxins, such as Botulinum neurotoxins, are the most potent natural toxins known. However, microbial toxins also have important uses in medical science and research.
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This site is no longer maintained and has been left for archival purposes Bacillus thuringiensis. B. thuringiensis (commonly known as 'Bt') is an insecticidal bacterium, marketed worldwide for control of many important plant pests-mainly caterpillars of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) but also mosquito larvae, and simuliid blackflies that vector river blindness in Africa.. thuringiensis strains produce two types of toxin. The main types are the Cry (crystal) toxins, encoded by different cry genes, and this is how different types of Bt are classified. The second types are the Cyt (cytolytic) toxins, which can augment the Cry toxins, enhancing the effectiveness of insect control.
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Anthrax toxin Figure 1. Electron micrograph of the anthrax causing bacteria, Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis —the causative agent of anthrax.The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954.Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects.nterestingly, each individual anthrax toxin protein is, in fact, nontoxic. Toxic symptoms are not observed when these proteins are injected individually into laboratory animals. However, the co-injection of PA and EF causes edema, and the co-injection of PA and LF is lethal.