which life-form is the base of the food chain in the waters around antarctica
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- Antarctic Ecosystem: Abundance of Life Diatoms like these are at the base of the Antarctic food chain. In summer they use photosynthesis to grow, and multiply into huge populations. Young (juvenile) krill that were collected in a net. A curious Emperor penguin approaches a technician.
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- Some scientists have estimated that the krill in the ocean around Antarctica weigh more than the entire world’s human population. The krill, rich in protein and fat, are food for large numbers of animals at the top of the food chain, including penguins, seals, and whales. Scientists studying the Antarctic marine ecosystem now know that its high productivity is confined to the edge of the sea ice and a few other areas, rather than everywhere in the Southern Ocean.
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Food Web of an Arctic Ecosystem Food Web of an Arctic Ecosystem. At the top of the food web, the Polar Bear reigns. The only predator for the Polar bear is Man (not shown on this ecosystem chart). Polar bears eat the Arctic seal and the Atlantic salmon and has no predator thus for making it the top of its food web. Below is a list of who eats who: The Arctic seal is eaten by the polar bear and eats the Atlantic salmon. The polar bear eats the Atlantic salmon, and so does the arctic seal.
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Lesson 6-05 The Diversity of Ocean Life The abyssal zone is a subdivision of the benthic zone. The abyssal zone includes the deep-ocean floor, such as abyssal plains. This zone is characterized by extremely high water pressure, consistently low temperature, no sunlight, and sparse life.Food sources at abyssal depths typically come from the surface.he aphotic part of this zone has giant squid and other species that are adapted to life in deep water. Benthos organisms such as giant kelp, sponges, crabs, sea anemones, sea stars, and marine worms that attach to, crawl upon, or burrow into the seafloor occupy parts of the benthic zone.
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Global Warming Alters Arctic Food Chain, Scientists Say, With Unforeseeable Results Global Warming Alters Arctic Food Chain, Scientists Say, With Unforeseeable Results. A bloom of algae near Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean. The ocean’s levels of algae have rapidly increased. The Arctic Ocean may seem remote and forbidding, but to birds, whales and other animals, it’s a top-notch dining destination.
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Antarctic flora Millions of years ago, Antarctica was warmer and much wetter, and supported the Antarctic flora, including forests of podocarps and southern beech. Antarctica was also part of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwana, which gradually broke up by plate tectonics starting 110 million years ago.he Antarctic flora subsequently died out in Antarctica, but is still an important component of the flora of southern Neotropic (South America) and Australasia, which were also former parts of Gondwana.
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Food Chains and Webs At the base of the aquatic food web are: 1  Plankton Plankton are microscopic plants and animals whose movements are largely dependent upon currents. 2  Plankton are the foundation of the aquatic food web. 3  Plankton are vital in the food supplies of fish, aquatic birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals.ackground. A food chain is a simplified way to show the relationship of organisms that feed on each other. It’s helpful to classify animals in a simple food chain by what they eat, or where they get their energy. Green plants, called producers, form the basis of the aquatic food chain.
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- One drop of water from the Bay may contain thousands of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are the primary producers of food and oxygen in the Bay, forming the base of the food web. Like all plants, phytoplankton go through photosynthesis, so they need sunlight to live and grow.Therefore, the greatest number of phytoplankton are found near the water’s surface.ne drop of water from the Bay may contain thousands of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are the primary producers of food and oxygen in the Bay, forming the base of the food web. Like all plants, phytoplankton go through photosynthesis, so they need sunlight to live and grow.
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Antarctica Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades.
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Killer whale  (Orcinus orca) In Antarctic waters, there are different types of killer whales. They have each been observed feeding off of various species: type 'A' killer whales feed on minke whales. type 'B' killer whales feed on seals within the seasonal ice pack. type 'C' killer whales feed on Antarctic toothfish and other fish species.
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Emperor penguins Emperor penguins are near the top of the Southern Ocean’s food chain. They have a varied menu with some prey items being more important than others. One of the most frequently eaten prey species is the Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum. They also eat other fish, Antarctic krill and some species of squid.
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- To understand the entire ecosystem ... we need to better understand the plankton. Photosynthesis by the phytoplankton accounts for up to half of global primary production. They also provide the primary food source for the zooplankton, and together form the base of the oceanic food chain.Larger and larger zooplankton, fish, and mammals depend on these plankton for their survival.n the smaller end of the spectrum exist bacteria (bacterioplankton) and viruses (virioplankton). Plankton also consist of the early life stages of much larger organisms, such as fish eggs and larvae (ichthyoplankton), which are both part of and dependant on the plankton itself.
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Antarctic Plants And Animal Life Survived Ice Ages Scientists from British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and Massey University New Zealand report that of the evolutionary history of Antarctica's terrestrial plant and animal life does not reconcile with current reconstructions of past glacial ice extent going back more than 23 million years.
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Kolkhoz Kolkhoz as a pseudo-cooperative [edit]. As a collective farm, a kolkhoz was legally organized as a production cooperative. The Standard Charter of a kolkhoz, which since the early 1930s had the force of law in the USSR, is a model of cooperative principles in print.
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Antarctic Krill - Euphausia superba Krill feed on the algae found under the surface of the sea-ice, which acts as a kind of 'nursery'. The Antarctic Peninsula, a key breeding ground for the krill, is one of the places in the world where there has been the greatest rise in temperatures due to global warming.
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âMelting glaciers dump carbon into the sea The problem is that scientists don't know what will happen when this carbon contribution is removed from the equation. Microbes at the bottom of the food web can thrive on glacier-derived organic carbon. If their supplies run low as global ice stores melt into oblivion, it could affect entire ecosystems from the bottom up. It could change the whole food web, Spencer said.
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Wildlife of Antarctica Much of the ocean around the mainland is covered by sea ice. Birds and seals mostly live near the edges of the continent. The oceans themselves are a more stable environment for life, both in the water column and on the seabed. There is relatively little diversity in Antarctica compared to much of the rest of the world.Flying birds nest on the milder shores of the Peninsula and the subantarctic islands. Eight species of penguins inhabit Antarctica and its offshore islands.ver 1000 fungi species have been found on and around Antarctica. Larger species are restricted to the subantarctic islands, and the majority of species discovered have been terrestrial. Plants are similarly restricted mostly to the subantarctic islands, and the western edge of the Peninsula.
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Arctic Climate Change 5.1.5 Ice algae grow at the porous bottom of sea ice and form the base of the unique marine food web connected to sea ice. The melting of ice can affect the availability of physical habitats for algae, as well as the temperature and salinity of surface waters, potentially disrupting the whole food web.
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What are the two ways that organisms on the bottom of deep sea food chains acquire energy? a. photosynthesis and chemosynthesis b. chemosynthesis and marine snow c. marine snow and photosynthesis d. chemosynthesis and predation What are the two ways that organisms on the bottom of deep sea food chains acquire energy? a. photosynthesis and chemosynthesis b. chemosynthesis and marine snow c. marine snow and photosynthesis d. chemosynthesis and predation
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Copepod Conservation. The open ocean is the world's plankton pasture, home to the tiny drifting plants and animals that power enormous food webs. Copepods are the single most important group of animal plankton. Small fish feed on them and are in turn eaten by bigger fish, sea birds, seals and whales. We, too, depend on fish nourished by ocean plankton.
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Bright Hub Organisms of the Pelagic Zone. The organisms that make their home in the pelagic zone can be divide into three types, phytoplankton, zooplankton and nekton. Phytoplankton-these primary producers are the basis of the ocean's food chain.pipelagic, or Sunlit Zone-this is the topmost layer of the pelagic zone, from the surface to a depth of about 200 meters (660 ft). It receives enough sunlight to support photosynthetic organisms such as seaweed and phytoplankton, and also has a high level of dissolved oxygen due to the action of the waves.
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- Whales. 1  Orcas feed on penguins, seals, and fish near the surface. 2  Also known as 'killer whales', they occasionally attack other whales such as sperm whales. 3  Orcas occupy the highest position in the food web... 4  nobody messes with them, except man! 5  Sperm whales feed on fish and squid in deep water.
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- Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in Antarctica. Highly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have evolved into flippers.Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater. They spend about half of their lives on land and half in the oceans.ighly adapted for life in the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage, and their wings have evolved into flippers. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater. They spend about half of their lives on land and half in the oceans.
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- These organisms include drifting animals, protists, archaea, algae, or bacteria that inhabit the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water; that is, plankton are defined by their ecological niche rather than phylogenetic or taxonomic classification. Among the more important groups are the diatoms, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores. 2  Zooplankton (from Greek zoon, or animal), small protozoans or metazoans (e.g. crustaceans and other animals) that feed on other plankton and telonemia.
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Marine life These organisms include bacteria, archaea, algae, protozoa and drifting or floating animals that inhabit, for example, the pelagic zone of oceans, seas, or bodies of fresh water. Essentially, plankton are defined by their ecological niche rather than any phylogenetic or taxonomic classification.
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- The Arctic ecosystem has a unique, complex food web that is fashioned by its distinctive plankton, animal species, and environmental factors. Carbon also cycles through the web from atmosphere to seawater and back.
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Estuarine Science One source of energy or food is the bodies of organisms that have died in the upper sunlit layers of the sea. They settle downward through the water column where they can be consumed. There is a constant vertical downflow of food or energy from the upper layers of the water to the benthic community.