how is procollagen converted to tropocollagen
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procollagen pro·col·la·gen. Soluble precursor of tropocollagen formed by fibroblasts and other cells in the process of collagen synthesis; unstable type III procollagen is associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV.pro·col·la·gen/ (-kol´ah-jen) the precursor molecule of collagen, synthesized in the fibroblast, osteoblast, etc., and cleaved to form collagen extracellularly.
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Electrician Union Job vs. Regular Electrician Job Union Electricians Tend to Earn More. Unions use their collective bargaining power to negotiate contracts for jobs or with specific employers. Pay rates are an integral part of the contract. Overall, according to the IBEW, union jobs pay approximately 27 percent more a week than nonunion jobs for the same work. For electricians working in the construction industry, the difference can be even more significant, as the IBEW reports 50 percent higher wages in construction.
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Pathway identification combining metabolic flux and functional genomics analyses: acetate and propionate activation by Corynebacterium glutamicum. Thus, when these short-chain fatty acids are co-metabolized with other carbon sources, CoA transferase and the AK-PTA pathway constitute a redundant system for activation of acetate and propionate. pmid:
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Coagulation The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways both result in the formation of prothrombinase from the combination of Activated X and Factor V 2. Prothrombinase converts prothrombin into thrombin
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Renaturation of human proinsulinâa study on refolding and conversion to insulin Refolded proinsulin was converted to mature insulin by proteolysis using trypsin and carboxypeptidase B [1] with a ratio of proinsulin to enzyme of 300:1 and 600:1 (w/w), respectively. Digestion was performed in 0.1 M Tris/HCl, 1 mM MgCl2, pH 7.5, at ambient temperature for 30 min.
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Prevnar 13 The individual glycoconjugates are purified by ultrafiltration and column chromatography and are analyzed for saccharide to protein ratios, molecular size, free saccharide, and free protein. The individual glycoconjugates are compounded to formulate the vaccine, Prevnar (pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate) ®. Potency of the formulated vaccine is determined by quantification of each of the saccharide antigens, and by the saccharide to protein ratios in the individual glycoconjugates. Prevnar (pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate) ® is manufactured as a liquid preparation.
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- ATP, glycogen, protein Page 31 of 40 Vanderkooi 31 Figure 6.5 shows the pathway for making glucose from glycerol. In the cytoplasm the 3 C molecule combines with another 3 C molecule to produce 6 C molecule, glucose 6-phosphate. The final step is that glucose-6-phosphate loses its phosphate and glucose is formed.hap. 4-6. ATP, glycogen, protein Page 36 of 40 Vanderkooi 36 proteins to produce the starting materials for gluconeogenesis (alanine, glutamine and glutamate) and the synthesis of other proteins that aid in making these amino acids into glucose.
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Vitamin K Vitamin K 1 or phylloquinone is synthesized by plants and is the predominant form in the diet. Vitamin K 2 includes a range of vitamin K forms collectively referred to as menaquinones. Most menaquinones are synthesized by human intestinal microbiota and found in fermented foods and in animal products.
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- Food-grade, Kosher-certified neutral protease preparation which is used primarily for moderate softening of wheat gluten for treatment of flours that are intended for biscuits, wafers, crackers, and cookie production.
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- Stromal cell-derived factor-1α prevents endothelial progenitor cells senescence and enhances re-endothelialization of injured arteries via human telomerase reverse transcriptase.
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Maturation of preproinsulin to proinsulin to insulin Proinsulin is a single polypetide chain composed of the B and A subunits of insulin joined by the C-peptide region proinsulin is converted to insulin during the maturation of secretory vesicles by the action of two proteases and conversion is inhibited by ionophores that disrupted intracellular H+ gradients.
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Allantoin In humans and higher apes, the metabolic pathway for conversion of uric acid to allantoin is not present, so the former is excreted. Recombinant rasburicase is sometimes used as a drug to catalyze this metabolic conversion in patients. In fish, allantoin is broken down further (into ammonia) before excretion.llantoin is a major metabolic intermediate in many other organisms including plants and bacteria.
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Glycogen In vivo, phosphorolysis proceeds in the direction of glycogen breakdown because the ratio of phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate is usually greater than 100. 1  Glucose-1-phosphate is then converted to glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) by phosphoglucomutase.
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Metallothionein biosynthesis in human RBC precursors. Human RBC precursors are obtained by (i) separating glycophorin A(+) (gly A(+)) cells using a magnetic cell sorting (MACS) technique and by (ii) ex vivo expansion of precursors BFU-E (burst forming unit-erythroid) on methylcellulose semi-solid culture media from mononuclear cells of cord blood.
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- 1 Two acetyl-CoA molecules can be condensed to create acetoacetyl-CoA, the first step in the HMG-CoA reductase/ mevalonic acid pathway, leading to synthesis of isoprenoids. 2  In animals, HMG-CoA is a vital precursor to cholesterol and ketone body synthesis.
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de-escalate 2. de-escalate-reduce the level or intensity or size or scope of; de-escalate a crisis. step down, weaken. minify, decrease, lessen-make smaller; He decreased his staff. escalate, intensify, step up-increase in extent or intensity; The Allies escalated the bombing. Translations. [ˌdiːˈeskəleɪt] VT [+ tension ] → reducir; [+ crisis, conflict ] → desacelerar, frenar la escalada de; [+ war ] → frenar la escalada de.
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- 8.3.1. Activation of glucose for glycogen synthesis. Both glycogenin and glycogen synthase use an activated form of glucose, UDP-glucose, which is formed from glucose-6-phosphate in two steps. Phosphoglucomutase first transforms glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate (1), which is then converted to UDP-glucose (2).oth glycogenin and glycogen synthase use an activated form of glucose, UDP-glucose, which is formed from glucose-6-phosphate in two steps. Phosphoglucomutase first transforms glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate (1), which is then converted to UDP-glucose (2).
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The stomach of the dairy cow The rumen microbes make three primary volatile fatty acids: acetate (CH3COOH), propionate (C2H5COOH), and butyrate (C3H7COOH). Acetate is formed primarily from the fermentation of fiber. Large amounts of propionate are formed from grain fermentation. Butyrate is produced to a lesser extent than acetate and propionate.
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Top 30 Doctor insights on: Prepidil Medication Ripens the cervix...: Prostaglandins are natural body substances that are involved in the softening and dilation of the cervix in preparation for birth. Prepidil is Prostaglandin E2. It can be used help make the cervix ready for labor as part of the induction of labor. It is placed in the vagina in the hospital while the baby is monitored. It can cause contractions or less commonly, labor.
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- Vitamin K epoxide is then reprocessed to the condensed form of the vitamin by an enzyme called vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). Warfarin prohibits the actions of VKOR, reducing the available stores of vitamin K and the production of clotting (coagulation) factors.
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Proline P (Pro) Glutamic acid is easily converted into proline. First, the γcarboxyl group is reduced to the aldehyde, yielding glutamate semialdehyde. The aldehyde then reacts with the α-amino group, eliminating water as it forms the Schiff base. In a second reduction step, the Schiff base is reduced, yielding proline.roline is often found at the end of α helix or in turns or loops. Unlike other amino acids which exist almost exclusively in the trans-form in polypeptides, proline can exist in the cis-configuration in peptides. The cis and trans forms are nearly isoenergetic.
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C4 plant Upon fixation of CO 2 into a 4-carbon compound in the mesophyll cells, this compound is transported to the bundle sheath cells in which it is decarboxylated and the CO 2 is re-fixed via the C 3 pathway. The enzyme involved in this process is PEP carboxylase.
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The Kallikrein-Kinin System in Coagulation Extrinsic Clotting Cascade. Activated factor Xa is the site at which the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascades converge. The extrinsic pathway is initiated at the site of injury in response to the release of tissue factor (factor III) and thus, is also known as the tissue factor pathway.efects associated with factors of the pathways of blood coagulation can also be assessed with specific assays. The prothrombin time (PT) is an assay designed to screen for defects in fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors V, VII, and X and thus measures activities of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
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FibersolÂ® Soluble Dietary Fiber Fibersol-2, digestion resistant maltodextrin, is produced by a proprietary process to purposefully rearrange corn starch molecules to convert a portion of normal alpha 1,4glucose linkages to random 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4- alpha and beta linkages. The human digestive system effectively digests only alpha 1,4 linkage.s a water-soluble fiber, Fibersol-2 can effectively promote the growth of a variety of beneficial bacteria (naturally occurring or ingested as pro-biotics) in the colon. In promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, Fibersol-2 indirectly reduces the presence of undesirable bacterial species.
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Coagulase Test: Principle, procedure and interpretation 4.63 / 5  ( 48 ) Coagulase test is used to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus (positive) from Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CONS). Coagulase is an enzyme produced by S. aureus that converts (soluble) fibrinogen in plasma to (insoluble) fibrin.Staphylococcus aureus produces two forms of coagulase, bound and free.lide Coagulase Test Procedure. 1  Take a clean grease free and dry glass slide. 2  Place a drop of plasma. 3  Place a drop of distilled water or saline next to the drop of plasma as a negative control. 4  Emulsify a portion of the isolated colony being tested in each drop, and make a smooth milky suspension (not clumpy).
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coagulase an antigenic substance of bacterial origin, produced chiefly by staphylococci, which may be causally related to thrombus formation. coagulase test. enzymatic conversion of fibrinogen in rabbit plasma to fibrin is used as a means of identifying pathogenic species of staphylococci.The test may be carried out rapidly on a slide or in several hours or overnight in a tube. Most coagulase-positive staphyloccoci are pathogenic; coagulase-negative ones commonly are not.oagulase test. enzymatic conversion of fibrinogen in rabbit plasma to fibrin is used as a means of identifying pathogenic species of staphylococci. The test may be carried out rapidly on a slide or in several hours or overnight in a tube.