does a footnote come before or after punctuation
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- Footnote references should be placed outside punctuation, but inside the closing parenthesis when referring to matter within parentheses. A lot depends on what style manual you follow.
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- Punctuating without a citation. When you are not citing a source immediately after a quotation, the punctuation (usually a comma or period) is placed inside the quotation mark, like this.. It does not go outside, like this.
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What Are Footnotes? Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of a page. They cite references or comment on a designated part of the text above it.For example, say you want to add an interesting comment to a sentence you have written, but the comment is not directly related to the argument of your paragraph.ootnotes are notes placed at the bottom of a page. They cite references or comment on a designated part of the text above it.
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- Most English-language publications place footnote markers after the terminal punctuation, but at least one UK publication (the name escapes me just now) places them before the punctuation. Customary practice in German (and Russian, according to the Oxford Guide to Style) is before the terminal punctuation.
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How to FOOTNOTE There are TWO parts to a footnote: 1) immediately after a citation(s) (quote, statistic, etc.) a small number is inserted (each citation is given a number in chronological order)
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IX. Footnote indicators Every footnote has a corresponding footnote indicator—a number, lower-case letter or asterisk or other symbol—typed in superscript in the text. Indicators in documents and publications. In documents and publications, numbered footnotes are used in the main body of the text.
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- 1. Sources are cited after each sentence in which they are used (rather than just at the beginning or end of a paragraph), even if each sentence uses the same source. 2. Parenthetical citations appear within the ending punctuation of a sentence. 3. Publication years appear after the authors for in-text citations (i.e., the in-text citation of True and Noble), while quotation page numbers appear after the quotation. 4. The full word and is used for in-text citations, while the ampersand symbol (&) is used for parenthetical citations.
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- A: It varies. It goes before the quotation mark when there is no parenthetical citation of a direct quote. When using quotation marks without using parenthetical documentation, the normal rule for MLA. guidelines is to place the comma inside the final punctuation mark.
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What's the difference between a footnote and a citation? A footnote resides at the bottom of a page and can include elaboration/explanation on the sentence it's attached to, and need not include a citation, but can, e.g.: 1  The sky was green today [1]. [ 2 1] But yesterday, it was blue, see weather.com.
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- RELIABILITY OF BONDED LINGUAL RETAINERS Australian Orthodontic Journal Volume 23 No. 1 May 2007 27 difficult to clean. Over the period covered by this study there were no cases of caries or periodontal dis- ease due to the presence of the retainers. In some patients, there was a noticeable increase in supra-
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- Find the menu in your word processor that allows you to insert or add footnotes. You can often find a footnotes feature under the Insert or Reference menu. Choose the number your footnote will start with and decide how the footnote will look, then create the footnote. This will place a superscript number in your main text and take you to the bottom of the page, where you will type the footnote next to the corresponding number. 3. Type the footnote in the correct style.
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- Whatever content your footnote will include, however, it's probably the last thing to do in the writing of a text. Write your complete paper, including a list of references, before insert footnotes. 2. Go to the end of the sentence you want to footnote. In Microsoft Word, you would go to the References tab, click on the Footnotes group and select Insert Footnote.. A number 1 should appear to the right of the sentence, and a number 1 will appear in the footer of your first page. In the footer, type the information you'd like to include foot-noted.
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- Two basic rules will help you use the correct punctuation when a sentence has both a quotation and a parenthetical citation. 1  The end quotation mark should be placed immediately after the last word of the quotation.  The period should be placed immediately after the citation.
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- 1 In Chicago style, footnotes or endnotes are used to reference pieces of work in the text. 2  To cite from a source a superscript number is placed after a quote or a paraphrase. 3  Citation numbers should appear in sequential order. 4  Each number then corresponds to a citation, a footnote or to an endnote.
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MLA Footnotes. How to Write Footnotes and Endnotes in MLA Style Do not indent second and subsequent lines. Double-space between entries. Number Footnotes and Endnotes consecutively using a superscript, e.g., 7. For Endnotes, you must use the same superscript number (as in your text) at the beginning of each Endnote in your Endnotes list.Start your list of Endnotes on a new page at the end of your essay. Remember to put the Endnotes page before the Bibliography, or Works Cited, or References page.o not indent second and subsequent lines. Double-space between entries. Number Footnotes and Endnotes consecutively using a superscript, e.g., 7. For Endnotes, you must use the same superscript number (as in your text) at the beginning of each Endnote in your Endnotes list.
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Uses of Parentheses Other punctuation marks with parentheses. Don't put any punctuation mark before parentheses, and put a comma after the closing parenthesis only if the sentence needs a comma anyway. Use a pointed stick ( a pencil with the lead point broken off works well) or a similar tool.
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Footnotes Footnotes at the bottom of the page must be set off in some way from the main text. The common way of doing this is to put the footnotes in a smaller typeface. If you can't do this, a horizontal line is permissible.
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IX. Footnote indicators Every footnote has a corresponding footnote indicator—a number, lower-case letter or asterisk or other symbol—typed in superscript in the text. Indicators in documents and publications. In documents and publications, numbered footnotes are used in the main body of the text.lacement of symbols. Asterisks and other symbols are placed after the elements to which they relate in the same way as footnote numbers and lower-case letters. The footnotes are normally placed at the bottom of the page.
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- Since my sentence continues after the quote, it is sometimes necessary to put a comma or some other punctuation mark after the quote. However, sometimes the quote is inserted as a big block of text that is formatted in a special way (like on this site).
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- These examples are cited in MLA style, but similar rules apply in all styles. Two basic rules will help you use the correct punctuation when a sentence has both a quotation and a parenthetical citation. The end quotation mark should be placed immediately after the last word of the quotation.
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How to Use Quotation Marks Put commas and periods within quotation marks, except when a parenthetical reference follows. He said, I may forget your name, but I never forget a face.. History is stained with blood spilled in the name of civilization.. Mullen, criticizing the apparent inaction, writes, Donahue's policy was to do nothing (24).ut commas and periods within quotation marks, except when a parenthetical reference follows. He said, I may forget your name, but I never forget a face.. History is stained with blood spilled in the name of civilization.. Mullen, criticizing the apparent inaction, writes, Donahue's policy was to do nothing (24).
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- Per MLA the punctuation always comes before or inside the end  quotation mark. The only exception to this rule is when the  parenthetical citation follows the quote in which … case the end  punctuation would come after the close paren.fter the quotation marks because if put before the quotation mark, that makes the quote seem like if it continues after what you wrote even if the quote has ended. period mar … ks go before the quotation mark because that is ending a sentence... period. Answered.
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Sample Footnotes in MLA Style Follow the spacing as shown in the example below, e.g. indent the first line 1/2 (1.25 cm), and add a space after the superscripted number. Do not indent second and subsequent lines of Footnotes. Single-space Footnotes within each citation as there is not much room at the bottom of the page.
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Commas, Periods, and Quotation Marks Without question, the most common grammatical error many of us make when writing is getting mixed up with whether commas and periods go before or after quotation marks. There are three basic rules you need to remember when using quotation marks with other forms of punctuation. There are absolutely no exceptions to these three rules in American English. • Commas or periods always precede closing quotation marks of quoted material. Two examples: (1) There are no ifs, ands, or buts about it. (2) He said yes, and she said no.. • Colons and semicolons always follow closing quotation marks of quoted material.
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- Punctuating Quotations. These examples are cited in MLA style, but similar rules apply in all styles. Two basic rules will help you use the correct punctuation when a sentence has both a quotation and a parenthetical citation. The end quotation mark should be placed immediately after the last word of the quotation.
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608 Disclosure [R-11.2013] When paragraphs are inserted they are numbered with the number of the preceding paragraph. followed by a capital letter (5A). When footnotes are inserted, they are numbered with number of. Page 4 FASAB Handbook, Version 12 (06/13) the previous footnote followed by a lower case letter (1a).