pharmacology define
3bb1b3fb21d6cb228267004fcfe3ccc3
Pharmacology Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The fie
addcbeb9da8f00af13ae22b088b0488a
Functional fixedness Functional fixedness (or functional fixity or functional embeddedness) is a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used.he person couldn't think of how to use the hammer in a way other than its traditional function. When tested, 5 year old children show no signs of functional fixedness. Apparently this is because they have had less experience with the use of various objects (German & Defeyter, 2000).
0c05f4ae3f21e8b7dece666a7e3f11dc
pharmacokinetics It includes studies of the mechanisms of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; onset of action; duration of effect; biotransformation; and effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug.
9e98c0c88b475528245d548027f8a508
Drug In pharmacology, a pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote well-being. Traditionally drugs were obtained through extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic synthesis.
a5f38044a7404f24e896b25e41860d2f
PHARMACEUTICAL pharmaceutical - drug or medicine that is prepared or dispensed in pharmacies and used in medical treatment. pharmaceutic. medicament, medication, medicinal drug, medicine - (medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease.
2e09db2dcb2fc8755d76401bdf3a439b
- Pharmacogenetics is a field that deals with the relationship between genetic variations and the effects and side-effects of drugs. Genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors, and other drug targets have been linked to interindividual differences in the efficacy and safety of many drugs.enetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors, and other drug targets have been linked to interindividual differences in the efficacy and safety of many drugs.
fb82a1ae940a038dc3df47320baf99a3
pharmaceutical Relating to pharmacy or pharmaceutics. [G. pharmakeutikos, relating to drugs] 1. pertaining to pharmacy or drugs. 2. a medicinal drug. pharmaceutical incompatibility. substances that react chemically with each other, e.g. acids and alkalis, and cannot both be included in the same formulation.
6edcfbe858d57571422bded80d051b9b
Physiology Oil painting depicting Claude Bernard, the father of modern physiology, with his pupils. Physiology (/ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/; from Ancient Greek φύσις (physis), meaning 'nature, origin', and -λογία (-logia), meaning 'study of') is a scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which operate within a living system.
86d2b9f3d8088925205fe42fd6396750
- Physiology (/ ˌ f ɪ z i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i /; from Ancient Greek φύσις (physis), meaning 'nature, origin', and -λογία (-logia), meaning 'study of') is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which works within a living system.
1a65df8d376268f6d722caadcce3197b
- What is Clinical Pharmacology? Clinical pharmacology is the study of drugs in humans. It is underpinned by the basic science of pharmacology, with added focus on the application of pharmacological principles and methods in the real world. It has a broad scope, from the discovery of new target molecules, to the effects of drug usage in whole populations.
1cdc0ea5b17a8ea4d788d3b1f4d47f08
pharmacokinetics phar·ma·co·ki·net·ics. Movements of drugs within biologic systems; particularly rates of such movements. pharmacokinetics. the study of the movement of drugs in the body, including the processes of absorption, distribution, localization in tissues, biotransformation and excretion.
a7375edbf5e97ce703569f8b180abb3b
pharmaceutical Medical Definition of pharmaceutical. : of, relating to, or engaged in pharmacy or the manufacture and sale of pharmaceuticals a pharmaceutical company.
1b769103c697db23a6098ced7ff6ee4f
- Abbr. phys. 1  Of or relating to physiology. 2  Being in accord with or characteristic of the normal functioning of a living organism. 3  Relating to the action of a drug when given to a healthy person, as distinguished from its therapeutic action.
6d35a2b8abb16eba5330c4ff4bfc57b5
Medicines By Design Rather, it's about a field of science that studies how the body reacts to medicines and how medicines affect the body. Pharmacology is often confused with pharmacy, a separate discipline in the health sciences that deals with preparing and dispensing medicines.
4169046978aecd2876147a61eae38f13
- Medical Definition of PATHOPHYSIOLOGY. : the physiology of abnormal states; specifically: the functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease.— path·o·phys·i·o·log·i·cal \-zē-ə-ˈlae-ˈlä-ji\ kəl or·path·o·phys·i·o·log \-ic\ jik. adjective the physiology of abnormal states; specifically: the functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease. — patho·phys·i·o·log·i·cal \-ē-ə-ˈlaej-ˈläj-i\ kəl or·patho·phys·i·o·log \-ic\ ik. adjective
71384da4b89f63d4cb251cb47fbc3211
Chromatin The primary functions of chromatin are 1) to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, 2) to reinforce the DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis, 3) to prevent DNA damage, and 4) to control gene expression and DNA replication. The DNA + histone = chromatin definition: The DNA double helix in the cell nucleus is packaged by special proteins termed histones. 2  The formed protein/DNA complex is called chromatin. 3  The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome.
ce50a6df4130a4cfc72564a1e8db7f77
Pharmacology A person who works in the study of pharmacology is called a pharmacologist. Pharmacologists work in a team with biochemists, geneticists, microbiologists, toxicologists and pharmacists to run clinical tests on how drugs work.
f364fcd32ccd40441c2670c240b27e5b
List of plants used in herbalism Pharmacognosy is the branch of modern medicine about medicines from plant sources. Plants included here are those that have been or are being used medicinally, in at least one such medicinal tradition. Modern medicine now tends to use the active ingredients of plants rather than the whole plants.
d16a1b6fa890a8ed9c32a9ac8f67f861
- Aims and learning outcomes. Pharmacokinetics is a fundamental scientiﬁc discipline that underpins. applied therapeutics. Patients need to be prescribed appropriate medicines. for a clinical condition. The medicine is chosen on the basis of an evidence-.
78a6666e15b2ef22c4eb01ba1590dd10
- pharmacotherapy definition, meaning, what is pharmacotherapy: the treatment of diseases using drugs. Learn more.
19bdbcb5644c3b6fb445229fb64ae6a2
- Pharmacology refers to the actions of drugs on mechanisms in the body. The effect of a drug is proportional to the concentration of that drug at its site of action.Drug abuse refers to the use, usually by self-administration, of any drug in a manner that deviates from the approved medical or social patterns within a given culture. This definition is largely a social one.lcohol is a good example of this, as is the use of cigarette tobacco. Sometimes in a society, the use of a drug may not be considered abuse until use of the substance becomes widespread. It is only after substantial research and development of social awareness that the use of certain drugs is viewed as drug abuse.
1e0e642c307ff6d22b626c0bc01977bd
Psychopharmacology For the Firewater album, see Psychopharmacology (album). An arrangement of psychoactive drugs. Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, breath, life, soul; φάρμακον, pharmakon, drug; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior.
9c9cba3f1e83925d7745a1409832c8da
Pharmacotherapy Pharmacotherapy is therapy using pharmaceutical drugs, as distinguished from therapy using surgery (surgical therapy), radiation (radiation therapy), movement (physical therapy), or other modes. Among physicians, sometimes the term medical therapy refers specifically to pharmacotherapy as opposed to surgical or other therapy; for example, in oncology, medical oncology is thus distinguished from surgical oncology.
fe7e21c9b846c949d76df61952f44844
What is Pharmacology/ Toxicology? What is pharmacology? Pharmacology is the branch of science concerned with the study of drugs and how they affect living organisms. When most people think about the word “drug”, they usually associate it with illegal substances, such as cannabis, heroin or cocaine.
5a4ef0e6c47468e3d03128ef79038532
Biological activity (October 2010) In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents.
93a4ed1db3bfa9660cf83d7121dd4a60
Drug Action and Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action. It considers both drug action, which refers to the initial consequence of a drug-receptor interaction, and drug effect, which refers to the subsequent effects.The drug action of digoxin, for example, is inhibition of membrane Na + /K + -ATPase; the drug effect is augmentation of cardiac contractility.t considers both drug action, which refers to the initial consequence of a drug-receptor interaction, and drug effect, which refers to the subsequent effects. The drug action of digoxin, for example, is inhibition of membrane Na + /K + -ATPase; the drug effect is augmentation of cardiac contractility.