definition of apoptosis
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- Apoptosis is programmed cell death or cell suicide. It is mainly initiated by the cutting off a portion of the inactive procaspases to make active caspases, which are proteins that speed up chemical reactions that start degrading parts of the cell and are the most important activator of cellular destruction.
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- Apoptosis is involved in aging and age-related disease, with respect to aging, apoptosis acting in a cell type-. speciﬁc manner. The rate of apoptosis is elevated in-. most types of aging cell populations and organs. In. stable cells and certain continuously dividing cells, apoptosis serves to eliminate presumably dysfunc-.
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ReviewRegulation of apoptosis in osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells Regulation. 1  Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is an essential mechanism that organisms use to remove unwanted cells to attain precise control of organ development and function. It is a form of individual cell suicide originally defined by a series of morphological changes in nuclear chromatin and cytoplasm [1] ; [2].
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amitosis medical Definition of amitosis plural amitoses play \-ˌsēz \ : cell division by simple cleavage of the nucleus and division of the cytoplasm without spindle formation or appearance of chromosomes — called also direct cell division
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- Major steps of apoptosis: 1  Cell shrinks. 2  Cell fragments. 3  Cytoskeleton collapses. 4  Nuclear envelope disassembles. 5  Cells release apoptotic bodies.
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Organelles involved in Apoptosis â MCQ 1 Apoptosis can be initiated by both intracellular and extracellular signals. 2  Mitochondria plays an important role in mediating apoptosis initiated by intracellular signals. 3  Cell surface death receptors play an important role in mediating apoptosis initiated by extracellular signals.
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- A therapeutically important signal transduction network is that of apoptosis. The term was initially coined from the Greek and literally means leaves falling from a tree, in reference to how cells undergoing this process appeared to do so in a programmed fashion.
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Phagocytosis: Definition, Process & Types Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis, a process through which a cell consumes material by engulfing it with its membrane. Phagocytosis is the engulfing of large particles, such as entire cells. cell that engages in phagocytosis is called a phagocyte. First, the white blood cell has to recognize the invader and realize that it needs to be destroyed. It recognizes signal molecules released by the bacterium and is drawn toward it.
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- Traditionally “phrase” is defined as “a group of words that does not contain. a verb and its subject and is used as a single part of speech.”. This definition entails three characteristics: (1) it specifies that only a. group of words can constitute a phrase, implying that a single word cannot; (2) it distinguishes phrases from clauses; and (3) it requires that the groups. of words believed to be a phrase constitute a single grammatical unit.
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apoptosis : a genetically determined process of cell self-destruction that is marked by the fragmentation of nuclear DNA, is activated either by the presence of a stimulus or by the removal of a stimulus or suppressing agent, is a normal physiological process eliminating DNA-damaged, superfluous, or unwanted cells (as immune cells targeted against the self in ...
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proptosis proptosis. Abnormal forward displacement of one eye. It is a sign of a severe orbital disorder, such as a tumour, inflammation, or thyroid eye disease. See orbital cellulitis; Graves' disease; exophthalmometer; exophthalmos; carotid-venous fistula.rotrusion of one or both eyeballs; can be congenital and familial, or due to pathology, such as a retroorbital tumor (usually unilateral) or thyroid disease (usually bilateral). Synonym(s): proptosis. [G. ex, out, + ophthalmos, eye]. /prop·to·sis/ (prop-to´sis) forward displacement or bulging, especially of the eye.
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Structural Biochemistry/Phagocytosis Structural Biochemistry/Phagocytosis - Overview. 1  Phagocytosis refers to the cellular ingestion and digestion of bacteria and other foreign substances. 2  Primary phagocytosis (or known as phagoptosis) has recently recognized as a form of cell death caused by phagocytosis of viable cells, which causes cell destruction.
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Cell Biology 11: Apoptosis & Necrosis Apoptosis can constitute cell suicide or cell murder. Cells will commit suicide when they lack any incoming survival signal in the form of trophic factors, or when they detect extensive DNA damage in their own nucleus.
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MB 11.5 Cells that are infected, damaged, or have reached the end of their functional life span often undergo programmed cell death. The best-understood type of this controlled cell suicide is apoptosis (from the Greek word, meaning falling off, and used in a class Greek poem to refer to leaves falling from a tree).
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amitosis Definition of amitosis : cell division by simple cleavage of the nucleus and division of the cytoplasm without spindle formation or appearance of chromosomes amitotic
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- • No broad consensus on the use of this term.• Mitotic catastrophe can lead either to an apoptotic morphology or to necrosis.• NCDD recommends the use of expressions such as 'cell death preceded by multinucleation' or 'cell death occurring during metaphase', which are more precise and more informative.
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apophysis apophysis - (anatomy) a natural outgrowth or projection on an organ or body part such as the process of a vertebra. vertebra - one of the bony segments of the spinal column. appendage, outgrowth, process - a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; a bony process.
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- Diagram showing different responses of normal and cancer cells to conditions that would typically trigger apoptosis. 1  A normal cell with unfixable DNA damaged will undergo apoptosis. 2  A cancer cell with unfixable DNA damage will not undergo apoptosis and will instead continue dividing.
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Definitions &Translations Necrosis is caused by factors external to the cell or tissue, such as infection, toxins, or trauma which result in the unregulated digestion of cell components. In contrast, apoptosis is a naturally occurring programmed and targeted cause of cellular death.
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Dictionary Definition Cytolysis Cytolysis is the lysis of cells in a hypotonic environment. Cytolysis is caused by excessive osmosis, or movement of water, towards the inside of a cell (hyperhydration). The cell membrane cannot withstand the osmotic pressure of the water inside, and so it explodes.
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Definitions &Translations Cytosis. Cytosis is a transport mechanism for the movement of large quantities of molecules into and out of cells. There are three main types of cytosis: Endocytosis, exocytosis, and transcytosis.
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Chapter 11 Biology Give one example of signal for apoptosis coming from outside the cell, and two from inside the cell. Out: death signaling molecule reactions with protein and activates Ced-9. IN1: Leaking form mitochondria.
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What is apoptosis? The macrophages clean away the shrunken cells, leaving no trace, so these cells have no chance to cause the damage that necrotic cells do. Apoptosis also differs from necrosis in that it's essential to human development. For example, in the womb, our fingers and toes are connected to one another by a sort of webbing. Apoptosis is what causes that webbing to disappear, leaving us with 10 separate digits.
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Cell Biology 11: Apoptosis & Necrosis apoptosis Apoptosis can constitute cell suicide or cell murder. Cells will commit suicide when they lack any incoming survival signal in the form of trophic factors, or when they detect extensive DNA damage in their own nucleus.
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- cytosis. [ 1 sītō′sis] 2  a condition in which there is a greater than normal number of cells in a tissue or organ.