effects of drugs on neurotransmitters
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How Drugs Affect The Brain Drugs make their effects known by acting to enhance or interfere with the activity of neurotransmitters and receptors within the synapses of the brain. Some neurotransmitters carry inhibitory messages across the synapses, while others carry excitatory messages.
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Your Brain on Drugs: Philosophical Implications Such changes are studied in the field of psychopharamacology, which concerns the effects of drugs on the mind and brain. This field investigates both recreational drugs such as alcohol, caffeine, marijuana, cocaine, and LSD, and therapeutic drugs such as antidepressants and antipsychotics. Studies of the neural and psychological effects of drugs support the mind-brain identity theory over its chief rival, dualism, which claims that minds are distinct from bodies.
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Drugs and the Brain To send a message, a brain cell (neuron) releases a chemical (neurotransmitter) into the space (synapse) between it and the next cell. The neurotransmitter crosses the synapse and attaches to proteins (receptors) on the receiving brain cell.ther drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause the neurons to release abnormally large amounts of natural neurotransmitters or prevent the normal recycling of these brain chemicals. This disruption produces a greatly amplified message, ultimately disrupting communication channels.
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- on the other hand, neurotransmitters that are affected by Marijuana are Dopamine and Norepinephrine. Dopamine has a variety of roles in the brain, such as attention and gratification.
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Synthetic Narcotics List Synthetic stimulants on the synthetic narcotics list affect central nervous system functions in the same way drugs like cocaine and amphetamines do. These drugs speed up chemical interactions in the brain and throughout the body, gradually impairing the body’s chemical processes.
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Impacts of Drugs on Neurotransmission Cocaine's Dopamine Connections enumerates some of cocaine's interactions with the mechanisms of dopamine signaling, and how they motivate abuse and contribute to dependence and addiction. Finally, some drugs alter neurotransmission by means other than increasing or decreasing the quantity of receptors stimulated. Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam or lorazepam, enhance receiving cells' responses when the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) attaches to their receptors.
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- As a result, the natural effect of dopamine on the post-synaptic neurons is amplified. The group of neurons thus modified produces much more dependency (from dopamine), feelings of confidence (from serotonin), and energy (from norepinephrine) typically experienced by people who take cocaine.
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Serotonin Many drugs affect the release, arrest and efficacy of serotonin, including antidepressants, psychedelic hallucinogens, synthetic opiates, dissociatives, drugs for treating migraines, antihistamines, and stimulants such as MDMA.
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- Opiates (heroin, morphine, etc.). The human body naturally produces its own opiate-like substances and uses them as neurotransmitters. These substances include endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphin, often collectively known as endogenous opioids. Endogenous opioids modulate our reactions to painful stimuli.
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Drugs and the Brain Drugs are chemicals that affect the brain by tapping into its communication system and interfering with the way neurons normally send, receive, and process information. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter.
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- Agonists and Antagonists. There are many ways that a drug can alter how a synapse functions. However, we can group all the effects into whether the drug increases the effect of the neurotransmitter at the synapse or decreases it. If the drug increases the effect of the neurotransmitter it is called an agonist.
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Drugs Change the Way Neurons Communicate (Page 1 of 2) The actions of some drugs are very complex. LSD, for example, acts on serotonin receptors. Serotonin, an important neurotransmitter in many brain regions, is involved in regulating a wide variety of functions, including mood and basic survival functions such as sleeping and eating.
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Serotonin Some drugs inhibit the re-uptake of serotonin, making it stay in the synaptic cleft longer. The tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. The newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have fewer side-effects and fewer interactions with other drugs.
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Cymbalta Avoid use within 14 days of MAO inhibitors (hyperpyretic crisis, seizures, and death may occur). Drugs that affect serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, including tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs, SNRIs, fentanyl, buspirone, tramadol, and triptans ↑ risk of serotonin syndrome.
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Impacts of Drugs on Neurotransmission Other drugs disrupt more than one type of neurotransmitter. Cocaine, for example, attaches to structures that regulate dopamine, leading to increases in dopamine activity and producing euphoria; it also produces changes in norepinephrine and glutamate systems that cause stimulant effects.
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Amitriptyline for Fibromyalgia & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Amitriptyline and other tricyclic drugs are thought to increase the amount of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine that your brain can use. They do this by slowing down a process called reuptake, which is when specialized cells absorb used neurotransmitters so they can be re-used elsewhere.
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- Take notice that also non SSRI anti-depressants (and even Ritalin) may interact (primary or secondary) with the serotonergic (or serotoninergic) system in the brain. SSRI/SSNRI-induced Toxicity & Brain Damage by disrupting the balance of Body & Brain Metabolism.
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Cymbalta May cause serotonin syndrome or NMS-like reactions with other serotonergic drugs (eg, SSRIs, SNRIs, triptans), drugs that impair serotonin metabolism (eg, MAOIs), antipsychotics, or other dopamine antagonists; d/c immediately if these occur. Caution with other drugs that may affect the neurotransmitter systems.
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Impacts of Drugs on Neurotransmission The effects are drug-specific: Each drug disrupts particular neurotransmitters in particular ways. Some important effects, however, are shared by all: initial pleasurable feelings, and subsequent dependence and addiction, resulting from disruption of the dopamine neurotransmitter system.
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- Chemical influences are capable of producing a myriad of effects on the activity and function of the central nervous system. Since our knowledge of different regions of brain function and the neurotransmitters in the brain is limited, the explanations for the mechanisms of drug action may be vague.
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The Effect of Drugs on Serotonin The Effect of Drugs on Serotonin. The Effect of Drugs on Serotonin. When a person uses a drug, he will experience several side effects. These effects include both physical and psychological changes, and can be either short-term or long-lasting. Some of the most pronounced effects of drug use, though, appear in the brain.
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Meeting point between neuron is synapse neurons are How do neurotranmsitters influence behaviour, and how do drugs and other chemicals affect neurotransmission? • The brain may only use one or two neurotransmitters, and each has different effects. • Example; ACh dealswith learning and memory, it is the messenger at every junction between a motor neuron and skeletal muscle.
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Neurotransmitters Attempts to counteract the effects of the drugs involve using medications that mimic them, such as nalorphine, naloxone, and naltrexone . Alcohol is one of the depressant drugs in widest use, and is believed to cause its effects by interacting with the GABA receptor.