function of kras gene
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V-KI-RAS2 KIRSTEN RAT SARCOMA VIRAL ONCOGENE HOMOLOG; KRAS Cytogenetic location: 12p12.1 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 12:25,204,788-25,252,092 (from NCBI) The KRAS gene encodes the human cellular homolog of a transforming gene isolated from the Kirsten rat sarcoma virus. The RAS proteins are GDP/GTP-binding proteins that act as intracellular signal transducers.
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- In this example, KrÃ¼ppel is a gap gene mainly expressed in the thoracic segments. KrÃ¼ppel mutants are missing those segments. The gap genes express proteins that control the pair rule genes; these specify the formation of each body segment. In this example, the pair-rule gene fushi tarazu (ftz) is expressed in the boundaries between segments.
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- Ras is a member of the Ras superfamily of the G proteins, and it is a molecular switch which controls the transduction of signals from cell-surface receptors to intracellular targets. It was discovered in the 1980s when it was observed that 15% of all human tumors contain a point mutation in one of the three Ras proteins: H-Ras, K-Ras and N-Ras. Constantly active forms of these proteins can efficiently promote cell proliferation, thus leading to constant cell division and a broad spectrum of human tumors (2).
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MGP gene From NCBI Gene: This gene encodes a member of the osteocalcin/matrix Gla family of proteins. The encoded vitamin K-dependent protein is secreted by chondrocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, and functions as a physiological inhibitor of ectopic tissue calcification.
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- Mutations in the KRAS gene have important effects on the process of carcinogenesis, which depend on the cells and tissues involved [76]. The mutations found most frequently in the KRAS gene of cancer cells are located at positions 12 and 13 in exon 1, and less frequently in codons 61, 63, 117, 119, and 146 [77, 78]. These mutations are located near to the GTP binding site.
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Glycosaminoglycans a keratan sulfate proteoglycan (KSPG); protein core encoded by the KERA gene on chromosome 12q21.33 spanning 7.7 kb composed of 3 exons; is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family; important to the transparency of the cornea
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- References. 1  G. M. Yousef and E. P. Diamandis, “The new human tissue kallikrein gene family: structure, function, and association to disease,” Endocrine Reviews, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 2  N. Emami and E. P. Diamandis, “Utility of kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) as cancer biomarkers,” Clinical Chemistry, vol.
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Test Center Massarelli E, Varella-Garcia M, Tang X, et al. KRAS mutation is an important predictor of resistance to therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non–small cell lung cancer.
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Ras subfamily Ras is the prototypical member of the Ras superfamily of proteins, which are all related in 3D structure and regulate diverse cell behaviours. When Ras is 'switched on' by incoming signals, it subsequently switches on other proteins, which ultimately turn on genes involved in cell growth, differentiation and survival.
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KRAS Also found in: Dictionary, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Related to KRAS: Moravsky Kras. A Kirsten ras oncogene homolog from the mammalian ras gene family on chromosome 12p12.1, which encodes a small GTPase in which a single amino acid substitution results in a transforming protein.
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CD44Gene  (Protein Coding) The protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration.It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA) and can also interact with other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).he protein encoded by this gene is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. It is a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA) and can also interact with other ligands, such as osteopontin, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
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Test Center The KRAS gene encodes the KRAS protein that regulates 2 such signaling pathways: PI3K/PTEN/AKT and RAF/MEK/ERK. These pathways are targets of anti-cancer drugs that are currently in development. Drugs targeting EGFR, which controls these pathways upstream from KRAS, are already available.
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HRAS gene The HRAS gene provides instructions for making a protein called H-Ras that is involved primarily in regulating cell division. Through a process known as signal transduction, the H-Ras protein relays signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus. These signals instruct the cell to grow or divide. The H-Ras protein is a GTPase, which means it converts a molecule called GTP into another molecule called GDP. The H-Ras protein acts like a switch, and it is turned on and off by GTP and GDP molecules.
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Identification of Double-stranded Genomic DNA Spanning All Chromosomes with Mutated KRAS and p53 DNA in the Serum Exosomes of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer * We amplified a 466-bp fragment of KRAS encoding exon 2 and partial intron 2, as well as a 1564-bp fragment of p53 spanning from exon 5 to exon 8, including introns 5, 6, and 7, from both cell lines and DNA isolated from exosomes derived from the same cell lines (Fig. 2A).
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GUS reporter system Rice anthers and style showing GUS expression. The GUS reporter system (GUS: β-glucuronidase) is a reporter gene system, particularly useful in plant molecular biology and microbiology. Several kinds of GUS reporter gene assay are available, depending on the substrate used.The term GUS staining refers to the most common of these, a histochemical technique.he GUS system is not the only available gene reporter system for the analysis of promoter activity. Other competing systems are based on e.g. luciferase, GFP, beta-galactosidase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), alkaline phosphatase.
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KRAS gene The KRAS gene belongs to a class of genes known as oncogenes. When mutated, oncogenes have the potential to cause normal cells to become cancerous. The KRAS gene is in the Ras family of oncogenes, which also includes two other genes: HRAS and NRAS. These proteins play important roles in cell division, cell differentiation, and the self-destruction of cells (apoptosis).
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Gas6 and protein S Gas6 and protein S are two homologous secreted proteins that depend on vitamin K for their execution of a range of biological functions. A discrete subset of these functions is mediated through their binding to and activation of the receptor tyrosine kinases Axl, Sky and Mer.as6 and protein S are two homologous secreted proteins that depend on vitamin K for their execution of a range of biological functions. A discrete subset of these functions is mediated through their binding to and activation of the receptor tyrosine kinases Axl, Sky and Mer.
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- KRAS KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase [ (human)] Summary. This gene, a Kirsten ras oncogene homolog from the mammalian ras gene family, encodes a protein that is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. A single amino acid substitution is responsible for an activating mutation.
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Laboratory Methods for KRAS Mutation Analysis In general, all three of these comparative studies demonstrate that a variety of methods provide comparable results to gold-standard dideoxy-sequencing assays for the detection of KRAS mutations.
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- Currently, if EGFR mutation testing is performed as part of a series of tests, KRAS mutation testing is usually done first. If the tumor is negative for KRAS, then EGFR mutation testing may be done, and if that is negative, then a test for ALK mutation may be performed.
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- The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the AKT, also called PKB, serine/threonine protein kinase family. AKT kinases are known to be regulators of cell signaling in response to insulin and growth factors. They are involved in a wide variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, as well as glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake.
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KRAS gene The KRAS gene provides instructions for making a protein called K-Ras that is involved primarily in regulating cell division. As part of a signaling pathway known as the RAS/MAPK pathway, the protein relays signals from outside the cell to the cell's nucleus.
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Lactase persistence In addition, the lactase gene has a higher expression when T−13910 and A−22018 are present and a lower expression when C−13910 and G−22018 are present. The position -13910 has an enhancer function on the lactase promoter (the promoter facilitates the transcription of the LCT gene).actase-persistent alleles vary in their geographic distributions. Within European and descendent populations, they are almost entirely correlated with the presence of the -13,910 C/T mutation of the lactase gene (LCT).
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GLA gene The GLA gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called alpha-galactosidase A. This enzyme is active in lysosomes, which are structures that act as recycling centers within cells.Lysosomes use digestive enzymes to process worn-out cell components and recycle usable parts.lpha-galactosidase A breaks down a molecule called globotriaosylceramide, which consists of three sugars attached to a fatty substance. This molecule is degraded as part of the normal recycling of old red blood cells (erythrocytes) and other types of cells.
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- The ACE gene provides instructions for making the angiotensin-converting enzyme. This enzyme is able to cut (cleave) proteins. It is part of the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure and the balance of fluids and salts in the body.By cutting a protein called angiotensin I at a particular location, the angiotensin-converting enzyme converts this protein to angiotensin II.he ACE gene mutations that cause this disorder prevent the production of functional angiotensin-converting enzyme, which impairs the formation of angiotensin II and results in a nonfunctional renin-angiotensin system. Without this system, the kidneys cannot control blood pressure.
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- The CASK gene encodes a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase that is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein family. MAGUKs are scaffolding proteins associated with intercellular junctions (summary by Atasoy et al., 2007).