function of amacrine cells definition
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Amacrine cell Amacrine Cells. Amacrine cells are interneurons found in the retina [1]. They are part of the inner plexiform layer, a section of the retina in which bipolar neurons communicate with amacrine cells and ganglion cells [2].Amacrine cells serve to integrate for ganglion cells the signals coming from bipolar neurons [1].verview. Amacrine cells perform where the second synaptic retianl layer where ganglion cells and bipolar cells form a synapse. There are close to 50 types of amacrine cells, many of which do not have axons.An amacrine cell is a horizontal cell and it works laterally to interact with the output of the bipolar cell.
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- Amacrine cells seem to have several different functions, many of them unknown: one type of amacrine seems to play a part in specific responses to moving objects found in retinas of frogs and rabbits; another type is interposed in the path that links ganglion cells to those bipolar cells that receive rod input.e have seen that the main features of the ganglion-cell receptive fields are to be found already in the bipolar cells. This leaves open the question of what transformations of information occur between bipolars and ganglion cells.
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Eprex (epoetin alfa) hereditary polycythemia. Some mutations that can result in increased red blood cell numbers. One such mutation increases the efficiency of a hormone secreted from the kidneys, called erythropoietin (EPO), to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.ereditary polycythemia. Some mutations that can result in increased red blood cell numbers. One such mutation increases the efficiency of a hormone secreted from the kidneys, called erythropoietin (EPO), to stimulate the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.
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Parathyroid chief cell Parathyroid chief cells are one of the two cell types of the parathyroid glands, along with oxyphil cells. The chief cells are much more prevalent in the parathyroid gland than the oxyphil cells. It is perceived that oxyphil cells may be derived from chief cells at puberty, as they are not present at birth like chief cells. Chief cells appear as a dark purple in an H&E stain, with the oxyphil cells staining as a lighter pink. They are polygonal in shape with a round nucleus.
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Parkerizing Parkerizing is usually considered to be an improved zinc or manganese phosphating process, and not to be an improved iron phosphating process, although some use the term parkerizing as a generic term for applying phosphating (or phosphatizing) coatings that does include the iron phosphating process.
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Autocrine signaling An example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin-1 in monocytes. When interleukin-1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell-surface receptors on the same cell that produced it.n example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin-1 in monocytes. When interleukin-1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell-surface receptors on the same cell that produced it.
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3 Ways To Ease Depression Isolation How to make isolation help ease the pain of depression. One of the hardest symptoms to deal with during a depressive episode is feeling disconnected from reality.This feeling causes sufferers to retreat further and further into their own world. They become isolated from their loved ones and friends and the loneliness deepens the depression.ow to make isolation help ease the pain of depression. One of the hardest symptoms to deal with during a depressive episode is feeling disconnected from reality.
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Malignant MCF10CA1 Cell Lines Derived from Premalignant Human Breast Epithelial MCF10AT Cells The MCF10AT, derived from xenograft-passaged MCF10-AneoT cells, generates carcinomas in ∼25% of xenografts. We now report the derivation of fully malignant MCF10CA1 lines that complete the spectrum of progression from relatively normal breast epithelial cells to breast cancer cells capable of metastasis.
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AGC A microfold cell, which is a cell in the gastrointestinal epithelium covering patches of lymphoid tissue. M cells transport antigens from the intestinal lumen to the underlying lymphoid tissues for recognition and processing. cell whose function is to reproduce the organism. Early in development, primordial germ cells are found in the genital ridges of the embryo. Later, in the testis, the primordial germ cells are called spermatogonia, and in the ovary, they are called oogonia.
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- : a unipolar nerve cell found in the retina, in the olfactory bulb, and in close connection with the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.What made you want to look up amacrine cell? a unipolar nerve cell found in the retina, in the olfactory bulb, and in close connection with the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. What made you want to look up amacrine cell?
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- The merkel cell in human epidermis: its differentiation from other dendritic cells. 1  Richard L. KiddAffiliated withDermatologic-Genetics Laboratory, New England Medical Center HospitalsDepartment of Oral Pathology, Haward School of Dental Medicine.reliminary evidence suggests that Merkel cell granules may contain catecholamines. Thus, the easy identification of Merkel cells by high power electron microscopy raises interesting questions for the role of this cell and its apparent catecholamine content in pathological states of the skin.
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Perineurium The perineurium is composed of connective tissue, which has a distinctly lamellar arrangement consisting of roughly seven to eight concentric layers. The perineurium is cellular, and is composed of perineurial cells, which are epithelioid myofibroblasts. Perineurial cells are sometimes referred to as myoepithelioid due to their epithelioid and myofibroblastoid properties including tight junctions, gap junctions, external laminae and contractility.
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- Amacrine cells operate at the inner plexiform layer (IPL), the second synaptic retinal layer where bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells form synapses. There are at least 33 different subtypes of amacrine cells based just on their dendrite morphology and stratification.here is still much to be discovered about all of the different functions of all of the different amacrine cells. Amacrine cells with extensive dendritic trees are thought to contribute to inhibitory surrounds by feedback at both the bipolar cell and ganglion cell levels.
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- hemidesmisomes function. anchor the basal membrane of epithelial cells to the basal lamina. hemidesmisomes have integrins which are receptors for proteins of the basal lamina (laminins), allowing the cell to the keratin based intermediate filament.  . anchor the basal membrane of epithelial cells to the basal lamina. hemidesmisomes have integrins which are receptors for proteins of the basal lamina (laminins), allowing the cell to the keratin based intermediate filament.
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Sertoli cell A Sertoli cell (a kind of sustentacular cell) is a nurse cell of the testicles that is part of a seminiferous tubule and helps in the process of spermatogenesis; that is, the production of sperm.ecause its main function is to nourish the developing sperm cells through the stages of spermatogenesis, the Sertoli cell has also been called the mother or nurse cell.
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Definitions &Translations Enteroendocrine cells of the intestine are the most numerous endocrine cells of the body. In a sense they are known to act as chemoreceptors, initiating digestive actions and detecting harmful substances and initiating protective responses.
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- GABAergic amacrine cells are usually wide field amacrine cells and are found in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL). One type of GABAergic amacrine cell that is fairly well studied is the starburst amacrine cell.here is still much to be discovered about all of the different functions of all of the different amacrine cells. Amacrine cells with extensive dendritic trees are thought to contribute to inhibitory surrounds by feedback at both the bipolar cell and ganglion cell levels.
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Enteroendocrine cell Enteroendocrine cell. Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with endocrine function.
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The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center Acinar cells. 1  Acinar cells are the exocrine (exo=outward) cells of the pancreas that produce and transport enzymes that are passed into the duodenum where they assist in the digestion of food.
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Sebaceous, Eccrine & Apocrine glands Sweat production in response to emotional tension, heat & pain, & to expel waste materials such as salts, lactate & urea. Structure of apocrine glands. Simple tubular glands, similar to eccrine glands, but is larger & opens into hair follicle in auxillary (armpits) & anogenital (anus & genitals) Location of apocrine glands. Opens into hair follicles in auxiliary (armpit) & congenital regions (anus & genitals)
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Enterochromaffin cell From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Not to be confused with Enterochromaffin-like cell. Enterochromaffin (EC) cells, or  Kulchitsky cells , are a type of enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cell occurring in the epithelia lining the lumen of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract that release serotonin.
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- Absorptive cells, or enterocytes, are the predominant epithelial cell type lining the lumen of the small intestine and colon. These cells are specialized for absorption of nutrients across the apical plasma membrane and export of these same nutrients across the basal plasma membrane.
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Matrix proteins Chemical signals secreted by cells can act over varying distances. In the autocrine signaling process, molecules act on the same cells that produce them. In paracrine signaling, they act on nearby cells. Autocrine signals include extracellular matrix molecules and various factors that stimulate cell growth.
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macrophage macrophage. any of the large, mononuclear, highly phagocytic cells derived from monocytes, occurring in the walls of blood vessels (adventitial cells) and in loose connective tissue (histiocytes, phagocytic reticular cells).They are components of the reticuloendothelial system.acrophage. any of the large, mononuclear, highly phagocytic cells derived from bone marrow cells, promonocytes, the progeny of which, the monocytes, enter the bloodstream, where they stay for a few days before entering the tissues and developing into macrophages.
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Structure and function of the Cells of the Immune System 1 NEUTROPHILS These cells are the most abundant type of white blood cells in mammals and form an essential part of the innate immune system. In general, they are referred to as either neutrophils or polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and are subdivided into segmented neutrophils and banded neutrophils. 2  21. ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS These are group of diverse cell types that assists other cells in the Immune Response. Cells which do not have antigen-specific receptors. 2  Instead, they capture and process antigens, present them to T cell receptors. These cells include Macrophages, B Cells and Dentritic cells. 3  10.
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Amacrine cell Like horizontal cells, amacrine cells work laterally, but whereas horizontal cells are connected to the output of rod and cone cells, amacrine cells affect the output from bipolar cells, and are often more specialized.here is still much to be discovered about all of the different functions of all of the different amacrine cells. Amacrine cells with extensive dendritic trees are thought to contribute to inhibitory surrounds by feedback at both the bipolar cell and ganglion cell levels.
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Parathyroid chief cell Parathyroid chief cell. Parathyroid chief cells (also called parathyroid principal cells or simply parathyroid cells) are one of the two cell types of the parathyroid glands, along with oxyphil cells.[1] The chief cells are much more prevalent in the parathyroid gland than the oxyphil cells. It is perceived that oxyphil cells may be derived from chief cells at puberty, as they are not present at birth like chief cells. Chief cells appear as a dark purple in an H&E stain, with the oxyphil cells staining as a lighter pink.