definition electronegativity
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Definitions &Translations Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Electronegativity. Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons towards itself. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance that its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus.
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electron Definition of electron. : an elementary particle consisting of a charge of negative electricity equal to about 1.602 × 10−19 coulomb and having a mass when at rest of about 9.109 × 10−31 kilogram or about 1⁄1836 that of a proton.
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- In general electronegativity is the measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons to itself in a covalent bond. Because fluorine is the most electronegative element, the electrons tend to hang out more toward the fluorine atom when fluorine is covalently bonded to other atoms.here are other ways of measuring electronegativity, such as the Mulliken scale and the Allred-Rochow scale. Linus Pauling's electronegativity scale is the most common. Note that atoms toward the upper right are more electronegative, and those to the lower left are least electronegative.
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- The electron affinity is the energy change when an atom gains electrons. The convention is that the higher or more positive the electron affinity value, the more readily the atom accepts an electron.
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- The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. First ionisation energy The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state.
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- 1 Polarity (physics), a physical alignment of atoms. 2  Cell polarity, differences in the shape, structure, and function of cells.  Chemical polarity, a concept in chemistry which describes how equally bonding electrons are shared between atoms.
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Polarity Polarity in a molecule can refer to its electric charge either positive or negative. Polarity is a physical property of a compound or substance which relates to other physical properties like melting point, boiling point, solubility and intermolecular interactions between molecules. he polarity of the molecule is the sum total of all the polar bonds in the molecule. A molecule has one or more chemical bonds between orbital of different atoms.
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What Is Polarity in Chemistry? Polarity is a physical property of compounds which relate to other physical properties, such as melting and boiling points or solubility. Bond polarities arise from bonds between atoms of different electronegativity. A molecule can be ionic, polar or non-polar.
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Electronegativity Trends A higher electronegativity means that the atom will attract bonded electrons to it more strongly. The electronegativity of an atom is a measure of the ability of the atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself. Electronegativity values have been calculated for every atom in the periodic table.he electronegativity of atoms increases as we move from left to right across a period in the periodic table. As we move from left to right across a period the nuclear charge is increasing faster than the electron shielding, so the attraction that the atoms have for the valence electrons increases.
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Electronegativity and bonding And we're going to compare that to oxygen, which has an electronegativity value of 3.5. So oxygen is more electronegative than carbon. And the definition tells us that if oxygen is more electronegative, oxygen has a greater power to attract electrons to itself than carbon does.
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Electronegativity Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself.An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus.lectronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus.
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- Principles of Polarity: The greater the electronegativity difference between atoms in a bond, the more polar the bond. Partial negative charges are found on the most electronegative atoms, the others are partially positive. The molecular electrostatic potential is the potential energy of a proton at a particular location near a molecule.
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- In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole or multi-pole moment. This video explains polar and non-polar characteristics in detail.
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What is polarity? The chemical applications are based in the electrical characteristics of the electrons (which are negative) and atomic nuclei (the positive protons). The term polarity applies to how atoms and molecules relate to each other, and it is a fundamental aspect of chemical bonding.
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Electronegativity As it is usually calculated, electronegativity is not a property of an atom alone, but rather a property of an atom in a molecule. Properties of a free atom include ionization energy and electron affinity. It is to be expected that the electronegativity of an element will vary with its chemical environment, but it is usually considered to be a transferable property, that is to say that similar values will be valid in a variety of situations.
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polarity The “effective charges” of the atoms are a quantitative measure of the polarity of chemical bonds; an effective charge is the difference between the electron charge concentrated in a certain region of space (of the order of atomic dimensions) near the nucleus and the nuclear charge.
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General Chemistry/Print version Electronegativity values are useful in determining if a bond is to be classified as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent or ionic. What you should do is look only at the two atoms in a given bond. Calculate the difference between their electronegativity values. Only the absolute difference is important. I. Nonpolar Covalent: This type of bond occurs when there is equal sharing (between the two atoms) of the electrons in the bond. Molecules such as Cl2, H2 and F2 are the usual examples.
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bio The difference in the electronegativity values. of the atoms in a bond is the key to predicting the polarity of that bond. Polarity is a. measure of the inequality in the sharing of bonding electrons. When two identical atoms (atoms of equal electronegativity) share one or more pairs of.
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Electronegativity Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom/molecule to attract electrons; oxidation number is an indicator of its bonding environment. Apply the rules for assigning oxidation numbers to atoms in compounds. An atom's electronegativity is affected by both the element's atomic number and its size.
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Electron Electron, lightest stable subatomic particle known. It carries a negative charge, which is considered the basic unit of electric charge. The rest mass of the electron is 9.10938356 × 10−31 kg, which is only 1/1,836the mass of a proton. An electron is therefore considered nearly massless in comparison with a proton or a neutron, and the electron mass is not included in calculating the mass number of an atom. Description of the arrangement of electrons in atoms of various elements.
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- The value of difference in electronegativity between two atoms in a covalent bond is less than 1.7. Covalent bonds often form between similar atoms, nonmetal to nonmetal or metal to metal. Covalent bonding signals a complete sharing of electrons.
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Electronegativity Trends Electronegativity is the ability of an atom or molecule to attract electrons. Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract the shared pair or bonding pair of electron towards itself..he electronegativity of atoms increases as we move from left to right across a period in the periodic table. As we move from left to right across a period the nuclear charge is increasing faster than the electron shielding, so the attraction that the atoms have for the valence electrons increases.
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Polarity in chemical bonding: The polarity of molecules. 1  There are three main properties of chemical bonds that must be considered—namely, their strength, length, and polarity. The polarity of a bond is the distribution of electrical charge over the atoms joined by the bond. Specifically, it is found that, while bonds between identical atoms (as in H 2) are electrically uniform in the sense that both hydrogen atoms are electrically...
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- The energy released when an electron is added to the neutral atom and a negative ion is formed. Electronegativity (Pauling scale). The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale.
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- Atoms in a covalent bond are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction between positively charged nuclei and negatively charged shared electrons. Electronegativity (see Patterns in the Periodic Table) is the measure the attraction of an atom involved in a bond has for the electrons of the bond. When two atoms bonded by a covalent bond have the same electronegativity the electrons will be equally shared. This is called pure (non-polar) covalent bonding.
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- 1 Polarity (physics), a physical alignment of atoms. 2  Cell polarity, differences in the shape, structure, and function of cells. 3  Chemical polarity, a concept in chemistry which describes how equally bonding electrons are shared between atoms.  Polar reciprocation, a concept in geometry also known as polarity.