what is acute renal failure characterized by
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Background It is one of the clinical hallmarks of renal failure and has been used as a criterion for diagnosing and staging acute kidney injury, previously referred to as acute renal failure. At onset, oliguria is frequently acute. It is often the earliest sign of impaired renal function and poses a diagnostic and management challenge to the clinician. (See Presentation and Workup.) Not all cases of acute kidney injury are characterized by oliguria. Renal failure that results from nephrotoxic injury, interstitial nephritis, or neonatal asphyxia is frequently of the nonoliguric type, is related to a less severe renal injury, and has a better prognosis.
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acute tubular necrosis acute tubular necrosis (ATN) acute renal failure with mild to severe damage or necrosis of tubule cells, usually resulting from nephrotoxicity, ischemia after major surgery, trauma (crush syndrome), severe hypovolemia, sepsis, or burns.
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glomerulonephritis glomerulonephritis. acute glomerulonephritis an acute form characterized by proteinuria, edema, hematuria, renal failure, and hypertension, sometimes preceded by tonsillitis or febrile pharyngitis. chronic glomerulonephritis a slowly progressive glomerulonephritis generally leading to irreversible renal failure.
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Acute kidney injury Acute kidney injury is diagnosed on the basis of clinical history and laboratory data. A diagnosis is made when there is a rapid reduction in kidney function, as measured by serum creatinine, or based on a rapid reduction in urine output, termed oliguria (less than 400 mLs of urine per 24 hours).
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Acute Kidney Injury RIFLE classification system. In 2004, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative work group set forth a definition and classification system for acute renal failure, described by the acronym RIFLE (Risk of renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure or Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease).IFLE classification system. In 2004, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative work group set forth a definition and classification system for acute renal failure, described by the acronym RIFLE (Risk of renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure or Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease).
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Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in the Adult Intensive Care Unit: History and Current Trends Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common complication in critically ill adult patients in critical care units. ARF is defined as a sudden decline or cessation of renal function. Characteristics include inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
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- Acute uremia can develop due to prerenal, intrinsic renal, or postrenal disease; intrinsic renal causes (acute kidney injury) are. usually toxicant-induced, ischemia-induced, or infectious in nature. These core concepts structure the diagnostic and therapeutic plan.
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End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Renal failure refers to temporary or permanent damage to the kidneys that results in loss of normal kidney function. There are two different types of renal failure--acute and chronic. Acute renal failure has an abrupt onset and is potentially reversible. Chronic renal failure progresses slowly over at least three months and can lead to permanent renal failure. The causes, symptoms, treatments, and outcomes of acute and chronic are different. Conditions that may lead to acute or chronic renal failure may include, but are not limited to, the following: Acute renal failure. Chronic renal failure. Myocardial infarction. A heart attack may occasionally lead to temporary kidney failure.
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- Noun. 1. acute renal failure-renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract. acute kidney failure. kidney failure, renal failure-inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance.
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Definition and Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease If you believe you have any of these symptoms, talk to your doctor about your concerns. This is especially important if you have a close family member who has kidney disease, or if you have diabetes or high blood pressure, which are the main causes of kidney failure.cute means sudden. So acute renal failure means the kidneys have failed suddenly, often due to a toxin (a drug allergy or poison) or severe blood loss or trauma. Dialysis is used to clean the blood and give the kidneys a rest. If the cause is treated, the kidneys may be able to recover some or all of their function.
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Types of Kidney failure Renal (kidney) failure results when the kidneys are not able to regulate water and chemicals in the body or remove waste products from your blood. Acute renal failure (ARF) is the sudden onset of kidney failure.
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Acute Renal Failure (ARF) Overview Overview of ARF. Acute renal failure (ARF) is the rapid breakdown of renal (kidney) function that occurs when high levels of uremic toxins (waste products of the body's metabolism) accumulate in the blood. ARF occurs when the kidneys are unable to excrete (discharge) the daily load of toxins in the urine.
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- Normally, the kidneys filter the blood and remove waste and excess salt and water. Acute kidney failure is when the kidneys suddenly stop working. Acute renal failure can be due to many different causes. Generally these causes can be divided into three categories. Pre-renal means the cause is before the kidney or glomerulus. Generally, this is caused by a decrease in the amount of blood that gets to the kidney. Examples include heart failure, liver failure, shock. Another class of acute renal failure is post-renal. In this type, there is an obstruction to the flow of urine from the kidney.
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- Acute interstitial nephritis is an interstitial disturbance that leads to acute renal failure. (The diagnosis and management of this condition have been reviewed in American Family Physician. 8) Acute interstitial nephritis often results from an allergic reaction to a drug (Table 3).
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Acute Kidney Injury Versus Chronic Kidney Disease - Topic Overview Topic Overview. Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to function. To treat kidney failure effectively, it is important to know whether kidney disease has developed suddenly (acute) or over the long term (chronic). Symptoms may reflect the actual cause of the kidney problem. 2  An obstruction in the urinary tract may cause pain in the side or lower back (flank pain), blood in the urine, or reduced urine output. 3  Dehydration may cause extreme thirst; lightheadedness or faintness; a weak, rapid pulse; and other symptoms.
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- Symptoms. Signs and symptoms of acute kidney failure may include: 1  Decreased urine output, although occasionally urine output remains normal. 2  Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet. 3  Drowsiness. 4  Shortness of breath.5  Fatigue. 6  Confusion. 7  Nausea. 8  Seizures or coma in severe cases. 9  Chest pain or pressure.igns and symptoms of acute kidney failure may include: 1  Decreased urine output, although occasionally urine output remains normal. 2  Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet. 3  Drowsiness. 4  Shortness of breath. 5  Fatigue. 6  Confusion.
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- The diagnosis of acute liver failure is based on physical exam, laboratory findings, patient history, and past medical history to establish mental status changes, coagulopathy, rapidity of onset, and absence of known prior liver disease respectively.:1557.rom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs of liver disease (such as jaundice), and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80–90% of liver cells).
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Kidney failure Acute-on-chronic kidney failure. Acute kidney injuries can be present on top of chronic kidney disease, a condition called acute-on-chronic kidney failure (AoCRF). The acute part of AoCRF may be reversible, and the goal of treatment, as with AKI, is to return the patient to baseline kidney function, typically measured by serum creatinine.
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acute renal failure acute renal failure. Acute kidney failure Nephrology An abrupt decline in renal function, triggered by various processes–eg, sepsis, shock, trauma, kidney stones, drug toxicity-aspirin, lithium, substances of abuse, toxins, iodinated radiocontrast. Cf Chronic kidney failure.
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Acute Kidney Failure Acute kidney failure. Acute kidney failure is the rapid (less than 2 days) loss of your kidneys' ability to remove waste and help balance fluids and electrolytes in your body. There are many possible causes of kidney damage. They include: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
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Acute kidney failure Symptoms. Signs and symptoms of acute kidney failure may include: Decreased urine output, although occasionally urine output remains normal; Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet; Drowsiness; Shortness of breath; Fatigue; Confusion; Nausea; Seizures or coma in severe cases; Chest pain or pressure
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What is renal failure? Renal failure refers to temporary or permanent damage to the kidneys that results in loss of normal kidney function. There are two different types of renal failure: acute and chronic.
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- Definitions. 1  Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt onset (within 48 hours) and. 2  Uremia Blood homeostasis defects related to Renal Failure. 3  Azotemia Accumulation of nitrogen waste products in the blood (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
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- Acute renal failure is an acute loss of kidney function that occurs over days to weeks and results in an inability to appropriately excrete nitrogenous wastes and creatinine. Electrolyte disturbances and loss of fluid homeostasis may occur.
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- Treatment for renal failure has traditionally been determined by the type of disorder causing the condition—if the disorder can be identified, that is—and the extent of kidney damage that has been sustained. Acute renal failure, of course, must be given emergency treatment.