what are chemotherapeutic agents
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List of chemotherapeutic agents From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This is a list of chemotherapeutic agents (also known as cytotoxic agents) that are known to be of use in chemotherapy for cancer. This list is organized by type of agent, although the subsections are not necessarily definitive and are subject to revision.ach drug is listed once (at present), though it might fall in more than one subsection. A full alphabetical listing is included after the categorical listing. The agents in this list are often combined into chemotherapy regimens for polychemotherapy (combination chemotherapy).
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Chemotherapy-Ëther-É-pÄ These drugs kill cancer cells by attacking specific pathways and processes vital to the cancer cells’ survival and growth. For example, cancer cells need blood vessels to provide nutrients and oxygen. Some drugs can block blood vessel formation to cancer cells or the master signaling pathways that control cell growth.
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Prostate Pathology The Prostate Gland. The male prostate gland is located below the bladder. The seminal vesicles are located posterior to the prostate. The urethra exits from the bladder and traverses the prostate before exiting to the penile urethra.
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- If the neurologic disorder is caused by the chemotherapy, discontinuation of the offending agent may prevent irreversible injury. Among the widely used anticancer drugs, the platinum compounds cisplatin and oxaliplatin are most commonly associated with various forms of neurotoxicity.
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Contrast Agents Contrast agents are air or gas-filled microbubbles with a stabilizing shell constituted by macromolecules: carbohydrates, phospholipids, proteins. Ultrasound contrast agents are administered by intravenous injection as a bolus or as a continuous infusion and are confined to the vascular space (blood-pool agent).
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Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body. Chemotherapy is most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body.Many different chemotherapy drugs are available. Chemotherapy drugs can be used alone or in combination to treat a wide variety of cancers.Though chemotherapy is an effective way to treat many types of cancer, chemotherapy treatment also carries a risk of side effects.hemotherapy is most often used to treat cancer, since cancer cells grow and multiply much more quickly than most cells in the body. Many different chemotherapy drugs are available.
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Climate of Vancouver Snow is problematic for meteorologists to predict due to temperatures remaining close to freezing during snow events. Temperatures. The annual average temperature in Vancouver is 11.0 °C (51.8 °F) downtown and 10.4 °C (50.7 °F) at the airport, in Richmond, amongst the warmest in Canada.
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- Antiarrhythmic agents. Antiarrhythmic agents are pharmaceuticals used to combat cardiac arrhythmias. An arrhythmia is an abnormality of the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia.
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Extravasation Management Vesicant chemotherapy agents can be divided into two categories: DNA binding and DNA non-binding (see Table 1). Vesicants that bind to nucleic acids in DNA (eg, anthracylines) bind to the DNA in the cells of healthy tissue when they extravasate from the vein and promptly cause cell death. DNA-doxorubicin complexes are released from dead cells in the tissue and are taken up by adjacent healthy cells by endocytosis.
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- Antiemetic Agents Antiemetics are used for the symptomatic management of nausea and vomiting that can be caused by a variety of medical conditions and situations, including acute gastroenteritis, pregnancy, surgery, anesthesia, opioids and chemotherapy.
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- Paclitaxel, a chemotherapy agent commonly used in breast and ovarian cancer has substantial activity against angiosarcoma of the scalp or face (Choy 2001). This drug is a known antiangiogenic and may prove to be a beneficial chemotherapy agent in other areas of the body.
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Learning About Your Health Chemotherapy refers to a group of anti-cancer medications that work by attacking the cell machinery that allows cells to divide, grow, and spread. Most chemotherapy medications, though not all, are given intravenously (in the vein).
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- The drugs traditionally used in intrathecal chemotherapy are methotrexate and cytarabine. Many authors defend the combined use of methotrexate, cytarabine and glucocorticosteroids, which is called triple intrathecal therapy (TIT). One of the most commonly corticosteroids used in TIT chemotherapy is hydrocortisone.
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- The goal of chemotherapy is to destroy cancer cells. Traditional chemotherapies work by killing cells that divide rapidly. But as they wipe out fast-growing cancer cells, they also can damage fast-growing healthy cells. Damage to healthy blood cells, for example, can lead to side effects such as fatigue or infection. Chemotherapy can also damage the cells that line mucous membranes throughout the body, including those inside the mouth, throat and stomach.
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Chemotherapy For the journal, see Anti-Cancer Drugs. Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration Antineoplastic cytotoxic medications, anesthetic agents, anti-viral agents, and others, have been identified as hazardous. These hazardous medications are capable of causing serious effects including cancer, organ toxicity, fertility problems, genetic damage, and birth defects.
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Food_and_Nutritional_Toxicology Anticholinergics are agents that decrease or block the actions of acetylcholine on its parasympathetic nervous system receptors on smooth muscle cells, glands and the central nervous system.pecific anticholinergic agents in clinical use are listed below with common brand name(s), year of approval in the United States, and major use (G=gastrointestinal, N=nausea and motion sickness, R=respiratory, U=urological).
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- ‘It works, but, like many chemotherapeutic agents, it causes serious side effects, including neutropenia, alopecia, diarrhoea, stomatitis, sickness, and hand-foot syndrome.’ ‘Adverse effects include stomatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, nausea, abdominal pain, neutropenia, pruritus, fever, pneumonitis and other gastrointestinal symptoms.’
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- The antifungal agents currently available for the treatment of systemic fungal infections are: amphotericin B and lipid formulations of amphotericin B; 5-fluorocytosine; and the azoles, miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole.
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- 3. ChemoprophylaxisThe administration of a chemical, including antibiotics, to prevent the development of an infection or the progression of an infection to active manifest disease, or to eliminate the carriage of a specific infectious agent to prevent transmission and disease in others.
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Platinum and Other Heavy Metal Compounds in Cancer Chemotherapy The platinum-containing chemotherapeutic agents remain key components of many of the most effective regimens for the treatment of cancer. New information about the chemistry, pharmacology and molecular mechanisms by which these drugs work is leading to both the development of new drugs and more effective use of existing members of this class.
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- As is the case for the adjuvant treatment of early-stage colon cancer, there is presently no role for a biologic agent, such as bevacizumab or the anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab, in oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.
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- Although the ovarian cancer chemotherapy options are limited, new drugs are being investigated in combination with chemotherapy. One of the most promising drugs is Avastin, an antiangiogenesis inhibitor. Avastin works by stopping new blood vessel growth, essentially cutting off the nutrient supply to the tumor.
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Ototoxic Medications Comment: While reportedly ototoxic, chemotherapeutic medications are rarely encountered as a source of vestibular dysfunction. Cisplatin is the most widely used anticancer drug currently and unfortunately, it is cochleotoxic, and may injure supporting cells (Ramirez-Camacho et al, 2004).omment: While reportedly ototoxic, chemotherapeutic medications are rarely encountered as a source of vestibular dysfunction. Cisplatin is the most widely used anticancer drug currently and unfortunately, it is cochleotoxic, and may injure supporting cells (Ramirez-Camacho et al, 2004).
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Types of Chemotherapy Alkylating agents are most active in the resting phase of the cell. These types of drugs are cell-cycle non-specific. There are several types of alkylating agents used in chemotherapy treatments: Mustard gas derivatives: Mechlorethamine, Cyclophosphamide, Chlorambucil, Melphalan, and Ifosfamide.
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Immunosuppressive drug Immunosuppressive drug - Cytostatics. 1  Cytostatics inhibit cell division. 2  The alkylating agents used in immunotherapy are nitrogen mustards (cyclophosphamide), nitrosoureas, platinum compounds, and others. 3  Antimetabolites interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids. 4  folic acid analogues, such as methotrexate.