These theories have all had an impact on second-language teaching and pedagogy There are many different methods of second-language teaching  many of which stem directly from a particular theory Common methods are the grammar-translation method  the direct method  the audio-lingual method (clearly influenced by audio-lingual research and the behaviourist approach)  the Silent Way  Suggestopedia  community language learning  the Total Physical Response method  and the communicative approach (highly influenced by Krashen’s theories) (Doggett  1994)