Concepts: Hybridisation of carbon  Sigma and pi-bonds  Shapes of molecules  Structural and geometrical isomerism  Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centers  (R S and E Z nomenclature excluded)  IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons  mono-functional and bi-functional compounds)  Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections)  Resonance and hyperconjugation  Keto-enol tautomerism  Determination of empirical and molecular formula of simple compounds (only combustion method)  Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids  Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity of organic acids and bases  Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides  Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage  Formation  structure and stability of carbocations  carbanions and free radicals