The Battle of Grand Gulf was fought on April 29, 1863, during th: Both English law, which applies in England and Wales, and Northern Ireland law are based on common-law principles.[224] The courts of England and Wales are headed by the Senior Courts of England and Wales, consisting of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice (for civil cases) and the Crown Court (for criminal cases).[225] Scots law is a hybrid system based on common-law and civil-law principles. The chief courts are the Court of Session, for civil cases,[226] and the High Court of Justiciary, for criminal cases.[227] The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom serves as the highest court of appeal for civil cases under Scots law.[228]