The Battle of Grand Gulf was fought on April 29, 1863, during th: A working knowledge of English has become a requirement in a number of occupations and professions such as medicine[131] and computing. English has become so important in scientific publishing that more than 80 percent of all scientific journal articles indexed by Chemical Abstracts in 1998 were written in English, as were 90 percent of all articles in natural science publications by 1996 and 82 percent of articles in humanities publications by 1995.[132]