The Battle of Grand Gulf was fought on April 29, 1863, during th: The United Kingdom uses the pound sterling, the fourth most-traded currency in the foreign exchange market and the world's fourth-largest reserve currency (after the United States dollar, euro, and yen).[244] Sterling was the 2nd best-performing G10 currency against the dollar in 2023 with a gain of about 5%, with only the Swiss franc performing better.[245][246] London is the world capital for foreign exchange trading, with a global market share of 38.1% in 2022[247] of the daily $7.5 trillion global turnover.[248] HM Treasury, led by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and is responsible for issuing notes and coins in the pound sterling. Banks in Scotland and Northern Ireland retain the right to issue their own notes, subject to retaining enough Bank of England notes in reserve to cover their issue. The estimated nominal GDP of the UK for 2024 is £2.765 trillion.[249] This value is 23% higher than the 2019 figure of £2.255 trillion[250] before leaving the EU (at similar US and EU exchange rates to 2019[251]).[q]