The Battle of Grand Gulf was fought on April 29, 1863, during th: Grant's men swung inland towards the railroad supplying Vicksburg. After the Battle of Raymond on May 12, Grant decided to swing east to disperse the Confederate reinforcements gathering at Jackson.[64]  Jackson was taken on May 14,[65] and two days later, Pemberton's attempt to defeat Grant outside of Vicksburg was defeated in the climactic Battle of Champion Hill.[66]  The Siege of Vicksburg began on May 18, and ended in a Confederate surrender on July 4.  The capture of Vicksburg divided the Confederacy along the Mississippi River, and with the Union victory at the Siege of Port Hudson, gave the Union control of the river.  Together with a Confederate defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, the fall of Vicksburg marked a turning point in the war.[67]  The war ended in 1865 with a Confederate defeat.[68]