Translucent/Transparent status bar + CoordinatorLayout + Toolbar + Fragment
<p>I have following setup:</p>

<ul>
<li>I'm using AppCompat</li>
<li>MainActivity, that holds a fragment and has a toolbar, that's hiding when scrolling down</li>
<li><code>Fragment</code> with <code>RecyclerView</code></li>
<li>all views that should fit the screen have the according <code>android:fitsSystemWindows="true"</code> in the xml layout</li>
</ul>

<p>The problem is, I can't get the statusbar transparent in this case. What I do is following:</p>

<ol>
<li>Create the activity and call setContent</li>
<li><p>Then I try to adjust the activity to programmatically get a translucent toolbar like following:</p>

<pre><code>@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
public void themeNavAndStatusBar(Activity activity)
{
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT &lt; Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
        return;

    Window w = activity.getWindow();
    w.addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DRAWS_SYSTEM_BAR_BACKGROUNDS);
    w.setFlags(
            WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION,
            WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_NAVIGATION);
    w.setFlags(
            WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS,
            WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_TRANSLUCENT_STATUS);
    w.setNavigationBarColor(activity.getResources().getColor(android.R.color.transparent));

    w.setStatusBarColor(activity.getResources().getColor(android.R.color.transparent));
}
</code></pre></li>
<li><p>Replace the placeholder in the activity (<code>@+id/frame_container</code>) with the fragment</p></li>
</ol>

<p>The statusbar is solid colored in this case, and the views are not drawn underneath it... Why?</p>

<p><strong>What I want</strong></p>

<p>I want a toolbar, that is scrolled of the screen and hiding completely while the content underneath this toolbar should fitScreen and be drawn behind the transparent nav bar.</p>

<p><strong>Layouts</strong></p>

<p>Here's my main activity:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:id="@+id/clMain"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    android:background="?attr/main_background_color"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"&gt;

    &lt;android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:id="@+id/appBarLayout"
        android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
        android:background="@null"
        app:elevation="0dp"
        app:contentInsetLeft="0dp"
        app:contentInsetStart="0dp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"&gt;

        &lt;android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
            android:id="@+id/toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
            android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
            android:elevation="4dp"
            android:theme="?actionBarThemeStyle"
            app:popupTheme="?actionBarPopupThemeStyle"
            app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways"&gt;

            &lt;LinearLayout
                android:orientation="vertical"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"&gt;

                &lt;LinearLayout
                    android:orientation="horizontal"
                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content"&gt;

                    &lt;ImageView
                        android:id="@+id/ivToolbarDataSource"
                        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
                        android:layout_marginRight="2dp"
                        android:layout_width="24dp"
                        android:layout_height="24dp" /&gt;

                    &lt;TextView
                        android:id="@+id/tvToolbarTitle"
                        style="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Widget.ActionBar.Title"
                        android:theme="?actionBarThemeStyle"
                        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
                        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                        android:layout_height="wrap_content" /&gt;

                &lt;/LinearLayout&gt;

                &lt;TextView
                    android:id="@+id/tvToolbarSubTitle"
                    style="@style/TextAppearance.AppCompat.Widget.ActionBar.Subtitle"
                    android:theme="?actionBarThemeStyle"
                    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                    android:layout_height="wrap_content" /&gt;

            &lt;/LinearLayout&gt;



        &lt;/android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar&gt;

        &lt;!-- BUG: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/30541409/coordinatorlayoutappbarlayout-does-not-draw-toolbar-properly --&gt;
        &lt;View
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="1dp"/&gt;

    &lt;/android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout&gt;

    &lt;FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/frame_container"
        android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" /&gt;

    &lt;android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fab"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="bottom|right"
        android:layout_margin="32dp"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_local_offer_white_24dp"
        app:backgroundTint="?attr/colorPrimary"
        app:borderWidth="0dp"
        app:fabSize="normal"
        app:rippleColor="?attr/colorPrimaryDark"
        app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|right|end"
        app:layout_behavior="com.test.classes.ScrollAwareFABBehavior"/&gt;

&lt;/android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout&gt;
</code></pre>

<p>And here is my fragment, that will be placed in the main activity:</p>

<pre><code>&lt;RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"&gt;

    &lt;android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
        android:id="@+id/srlImages"
        android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"&gt;

        &lt;android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
            android:id="@+id/rvImages"
            android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" /&gt;

    &lt;/android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout&gt;

    &lt;TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvEmpty"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" /&gt;

&lt;/RelativeLayout&gt;
</code></pre>

<p><strong>EDIT - Screenshots</strong></p>

<p>I use a light/dark base theme and theme everything by hand (because the user can select any color as primary/accent color), so don't mind that the toolbar is white (it's the default's theme background color and primary color). I added a black border as well so that you see where the activity ends...</p>

<ul>
<li>First Screenshot: Shows the toolbar, nothing is scrolled</li>
<li>Second Screenshot: I just started scrolling => the toolbar now should scroll away</li>
<li>Third Screenshot: the main content should now scroll underneath the nav bar...</li>
</ul>

<p>In the end, I'll of course make the toolbar and navbar semi transparent for a better visual effect...</p>

<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/7isGd.png"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/7isGd.png" alt="enter image description here"></a>
<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/n8wYt.png"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/n8wYt.png" alt="enter image description here"></a>
<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/IAyIK.png"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/IAyIK.png" alt="enter image description here"></a></p>