g++ Windows Linker "Undefined reference to..." with SDL2
<p><strong>Overview</strong></p>
<p>I am attempting to convert a C++ project from a Visual Studio solution to a makefile project (using g++), as a first step to supporting multiple platforms with ease.  This project requires the Simple DirectMedia Layer 2 (SDL2) and SDL_image libraries.  The project previously compiled without errors, and I have since corrected any errors halting the g++ compiler.  I am still using Windows x64 and MinGW x64 at this point.</p>
<p><strong>Problem</strong></p>
<p>When linking, g++ throws errors as though there is something wrong with the SDL2 library, claiming that all functions of SDL2 can't be found.  However, I know it is finding the libraries, because when I provide an incorrect name or path, I get an explicit error.</p>
<p>Here is my new makefile, apologies if it isn't up to standard:</p>
<pre><code># Source files
SRC_ENTITIES = Entity_Block.cpp Entity_Controller.cpp Entity_Cursor.cpp Entity_GreenEye.cpp Entity_Harry.cpp
SRC_ENGINE   = Game.cpp Sound.cpp SoundManager.cpp Sprite.cpp Texture.cpp TextureManager.cpp Entity.cpp EntityManager.cpp
SRC_ENTRY    = main.cpp

# Source and destination
SOURCE    = $(SRC_ENTITIES) $(SRC_ENGINE) $(SRC_ENTRY)
DEST      = crystal_engine.bin

# Compiler options
OUTPUT    = -o $(DEST)
INCLUDES  = -I . -I.\include\windows\SDL2-devel-2.0.4-mingw\SDL2-2.0.4\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include\SDL2 -I.\include\windows\SDL2_image-devel-2.0.1-mingw\SDL2_image-2.0.1\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include\SDL2
LIBPATHS  = -L.\include\windows\SDL2-devel-2.0.4-mingw\SDL2-2.0.4\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib -L.\include\windows\SDL2_image-devel-2.0.1-mingw\SDL2_image-2.0.1\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib
LIBRARIES = -lSDL2 -lSDL2main -lSDL2_image
STANDARD  = -std=c++0x
FLAGS     = -Wall

default:
    echo No task selected

compile:
    g++ $(STANDARD) $(INCLUDES) $(FLAGS) $(SOURCE) $(OUTPUT) $(LIBPATHS) $(LIBRARIES)

run:
    ./$(DEST)

run_win:
    $(DEST)
</code></pre>
<p>Therefor the command line currently looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>g++ -std=c++0x -I . -I.\include\windows\SDL2-devel-2.0.4-mingw\SDL2-2.0.4\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include\SDL2 -I.\include\windows\SDL2_image-devel-2.0.1-mingw\SDL2_image-2.0.1\x86_64-w64-mingw32\include\SDL2 -Wall Entity_Block.cpp Entity_Controller.cpp Entity_Cursor.cpp Entity_GreenEye.cpp Entity_Harry.cpp Game.cpp Sound.cpp SoundManager.cpp Sprite.cpp Texture.cpp TextureManager.cpp Entity.cpp EntityManager.cpp main.cpp -o crystal_engine.bin -L.\include\windows\SDL2-devel-2.0.4-mingw\SDL2-2.0.4\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib -L.\include\windows\SDL2_image-devel-2.0.1-mingw\SDL2_image-2.0.1\x86_64-w64-mingw32\lib -lSDL2 -lSDL2main -lSDL2_image
</code></pre>
<p>Disregarding warnings (removing -Wall), the output of the compile looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x169): undefined reference to `SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x2b4): undefined reference to `SDL_GetMouseState'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x2c2): undefined reference to `SDL_PollEvent'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x2d0): undefined reference to `SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x363): undefined reference to `SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x3ef): undefined reference to `SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x46c): undefined reference to `SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x4e3): undefined reference to `SDL_RenderClear'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x4fd): undefined reference to `SDL_RenderPresent'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x597): undefined reference to `SDL_ShowCursor'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x5b1): undefined reference to `SDL_Init'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x633): undefined reference to `SDL_CreateRenderer'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x663): undefined reference to `SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x678): undefined reference to `SDL_SetWindowTitle'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x836): undefined reference to `SDL_SetRenderDrawColor'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x844): undefined reference to `SDL_RenderClear'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x852): undefined reference to `SDL_RenderPresent'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x865): undefined reference to `SDL_SetHint'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x881): undefined reference to `SDL_RenderSetLogicalSize'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x895): undefined reference to `SDL_GL_SetAttribute'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x8a3): undefined reference to `SDL_GetError'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x8d8): undefined reference to `SDL_GL_SetAttribute'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x8e6): undefined reference to `SDL_GetError'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0xa3d): undefined reference to `SDL_Quit'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0xaba): undefined reference to `SDL_DestroyWindow'
C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0xad1): undefined reference to `SDL_DestroyRenderer'
f:/mingw/mingw-4.8.1/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\[...]\ccSkHjgE.o: bad reloc address 0x1b in section `.text$printf[_printf]'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [compile] Error 1
</code></pre>
<p><strong>Troubleshooting</strong></p>
<p>I have tried a number of things from supplying exact paths to libraries to updating SDL from 2.0.3 to 2.0.4.  The behavior is the same.  There are two include/lib folders in the MinGW devel folder for each architecture, and changing which one I include does not make a difference.</p>
<p>There seems to be a lot of commotion about the order of which arguments are supplied to g++, given the three posts below:</p>
<p><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18449697/sdl2-undefined-references-to-functions">SDL2 Undefined references to functions</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Try to change the sequence of the input params:</p>
<p>I've stumbled over this before (on Linux)</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://askubuntu.com/questions/68922/cant-compile-program-that-uses-sdl-after-upgrade-to-11-10-undefined-reference">https://askubuntu.com/questions/68922/cant-compile-program-that-uses-sdl-after-upgrade-to-11-10-undefined-reference</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>Ok, solved. Apparently, for some mysterious reason, the order of the gcc options now matters.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="http://smf.cataclysmdda.com/index.php?topic=11028.0" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://smf.cataclysmdda.com/index.php?topic=11028.0</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>It looks like the SDL2_image library is included, but the main SDL2 library is not (the references could be out of order).</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Unfortunately, regardless of how I have reordered the arguments, I can't seem to change this result.  Unlike with most issues, I haven't even been able to make it any worse!  Any and all help is greatly appreciated.</p>
<p>I don't believe this has anything to do with my code, considering a compile without linking <code>-c</code> completes fine, but if it assists with the solution I would be more than happy to post some of it (it is a LOT of code).</p>
<p><strong>Edits</strong></p>
<p>Per request, here is a dump of the full compile with the -v and -Wall options.  It is too large for this question so I threw it in a pastebin.</p>
<p><a href="http://pastebin.com/ydET621i" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://pastebin.com/ydET621i</a></p>
<p>When using the <code>-DDECLSPEC=__declspec(dllimport)</code> option, the output becomes:</p>
<pre><code>C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x169): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x2b6): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GetMouseState'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x2c6): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_PollEvent'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x2d6): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x36b): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x3f9): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x478): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GetTicks'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x4f1): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_RenderClear'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x50d): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_RenderPresent'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x5a9): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_ShowCursor'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x5c5): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_Init'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x649): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_CreateRenderer'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x67b): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x692): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_SetWindowTitle'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x852): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_SetRenderDrawColor'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x862): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_RenderClear'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x872): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_RenderPresent'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x887): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_SetHint'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x8a5): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_RenderSetLogicalSize'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x8bb): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GL_SetAttribute'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x8cb): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GetError'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x902): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GL_SetAttribute'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0x912): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_GetError'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0xa6b): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_Quit'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0xaea): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_DestroyWindow'
C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o:Game.cpp:(.text+0xb03): undefined reference to `_imp__SDL_DestroyRenderer'
f:/mingw/mingw-4.8.1/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\[...]\ccZ61vi9.o: bad reloc address 0x1b in section `.text$printf[_printf]'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [compile] Error 1
</code></pre>
<p>Running <code>ar -t libSDL2.a</code> produces the following:</p>
<pre><code>SDL.o
SDL_assert.o
SDL_error.o
SDL_hints.o
SDL_log.o
SDL_atomic.o
SDL_spinlock.o
SDL_audio.o
SDL_audiocvt.o
SDL_audiodev.o
SDL_audiotypecvt.o
SDL_mixer.o
SDL_wave.o
SDL_cpuinfo.o
SDL_dynapi.o
SDL_clipboardevents.o
SDL_dropevents.o
SDL_events.o
SDL_gesture.o
SDL_keyboard.o
SDL_mouse.o
SDL_quit.o
SDL_touch.o
SDL_windowevents.o
SDL_rwops.o
SDL_haptic.o
SDL_gamecontroller.o
SDL_joystick.o
e_atan2.o
e_log.o
e_pow.o
e_rem_pio2.o
e_sqrt.o
k_cos.o
k_rem_pio2.o
k_sin.o
k_tan.o
s_atan.o
s_copysign.o
s_cos.o
s_fabs.o
s_floor.o
s_scalbn.o
s_sin.o
s_tan.o
SDL_power.o
SDL_d3dmath.o
SDL_render.o
SDL_yuv_mmx.o
SDL_yuv_sw.o
SDL_render_d3d.o
SDL_render_d3d11.o
SDL_render_gl.o
SDL_shaders_gl.o
SDL_render_gles.o
SDL_render_gles2.o
SDL_shaders_gles2.o
SDL_render_psp.o
SDL_blendfillrect.o
SDL_blendline.o
SDL_blendpoint.o
SDL_drawline.o
SDL_drawpoint.o
SDL_render_sw.o
SDL_rotate.o
SDL_getenv.o
SDL_iconv.o
SDL_malloc.o
SDL_qsort.o
SDL_stdlib.o
SDL_string.o
SDL_thread.o
SDL_timer.o
SDL_RLEaccel.o
SDL_blit.o
SDL_blit_0.o
SDL_blit_1.o
SDL_blit_A.o
SDL_blit_N.o
SDL_blit_auto.o
SDL_blit_copy.o
SDL_blit_slow.o
SDL_bmp.o
SDL_clipboard.o
SDL_egl.o
SDL_fillrect.o
SDL_pixels.o
SDL_rect.o
SDL_shape.o
SDL_stretch.o
SDL_surface.o
SDL_video.o
SDL_nullevents.o
SDL_nullframebuffer.o
SDL_nullvideo.o
SDL_diskaudio.o
SDL_dummyaudio.o
SDL_windows.o
SDL_xinput.o
SDL_windowsclipboard.o
SDL_windowsevents.o
SDL_windowsframebuffer.o
SDL_windowskeyboard.o
SDL_windowsmessagebox.o
SDL_windowsmodes.o
SDL_windowsmouse.o
SDL_windowsopengl.o
SDL_windowsopengles.o
SDL_windowsshape.o
SDL_windowsvideo.o
SDL_windowswindow.o
SDL_winmm.o
SDL_directsound.o
SDL_xaudio2.o
SDL_dinputjoystick.o
SDL_mmjoystick.o
SDL_windowsjoystick.o
SDL_xinputjoystick.o
SDL_dinputhaptic.o
SDL_windowshaptic.o
SDL_xinputhaptic.o
SDL_syspower.o
SDL_sysfilesystem.o
SDL_sysmutex.o
SDL_syssem.o
SDL_systhread.o
SDL_systls.o
SDL_syscond.o
SDL_systimer.o
SDL_sysloadso.o
</code></pre>