File system changes in Android Nougat
<p>Ever since the first release of the Android N developer preview, I get "permission denied" errors when attempting to list the root directory or other system directories. The permissions on these directories didn't seem to change (as far as I can tell).</p>

<h2>Question:</h2>

<p><strong>What change(s) in Android N caused these permission denied errors?</strong></p>

<hr>

<p><strong>How to replicate:</strong></p>

<p>In ADB shell, run the following commands:</p>

<pre><code>run-as com.debuggable.packagename
ls /
</code></pre>

<p>This gives permission denied errors on Android N.</p>

<hr>

<p><strong>Why list system directories:</strong></p>

<p>I noticed this behavior on Android N with several file managers. They could no longer list the root directory or other system files. This also is limiting the output of running <code>ps</code> in a shell. The changes also caused this <a href="https://github.com/jaredrummler/AndroidProcesses">library</a> to stop working on Android N.</p>