Premise: What organization is devoted to Jihad against Israel?

Hypothesis: For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a "quiescent" stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's "indulgence" to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations.


Premise: In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used?

Hypothesis: In the late 19th century, the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing 'system' was used on some marine triple expansion engines.


Premise: The largest brand of what store in the UK is located in Kingston Park?

Hypothesis: Close to Newcastle, the largest indoor shopping centre in Europe, the MetroCentre, is located in Gateshead.


Premise: What does the IPCC rely on for research?

Hypothesis: In principle, this means that any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report cannot be included.


Premise: What is the principle about relating spin and space variables?

Hypothesis: Thus in the case of two fermions there is a strictly negative correlation between spatial and spin variables, whereas for two bosons (e.g. quanta of electromagnetic waves, photons) the correlation is strictly positive.


Premise: Which network broadcasted Super Bowl 50 in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game.


Premise: What did the museum acquire from the Royal College of Science?

Hypothesis: To link this to the rest of the museum, a new entrance building was constructed on the site of the former boiler house, the intended site of the Spiral, between 1978 and 1982.


Premise: What is the name of the old north branch of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: From Wijk bij Duurstede, the old north branch of the Rhine is called Kromme Rijn ("Bent Rhine") past Utrecht, first Leidse Rijn ("Rhine of Leiden") and then, Oude Rijn ("Old Rhine").


Premise: What was one of Luther's most personal writings?

Hypothesis: It remains in use today, along with Luther's hymns and his translation of the Bible.


Premise: What stone was used for the staircase designed by J.W. Wild?

Hypothesis: Scott's assistant J.W. Wild designed the impressive staircase that rises the full height of the building, made from Cadeby stone the steps are 7 feet (2.1 m) in length, the balustrades and columns are Portland stone.


Premise: what was Fresno's population in 2010?

Hypothesis: . Non-Hispanic Whites were 30.0% of the population in 2010, down from 72.6% in 1970.


Premise: What resource was mined in the Newcastle area?

Hypothesis: The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade in the 14th century, and later became a major coal mining area.


Premise: At which Super Bowl did Beyonce headline the halftime show?

Hypothesis: The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.


Premise: What are BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts compliant with?

Hypothesis: BSkyB's standard definition broadcasts are in DVB-compliant MPEG-2, with the Sky Movies and Sky Box Office channels including optional Dolby Digital soundtracks for recent films, although these are only accessible with a Sky+ box.


Premise: What kind of economy did northern California start to grow in the 2000s?

Hypothesis: Despite a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.0% in the 2000s as California's growth became concentrated in the northern part of the state due to a stronger, tech-oriented economy in the Bay Area and an emerging Greater Sacramento region.


Premise: What was the name given to the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum?

Hypothesis: Hutchins eliminated varsity football from the university in an attempt to emphasize academics over athletics, instituted the undergraduate college's liberal-arts curriculum known as the Common Core, and organized the university's graduate work into its current[when?]


Premise: How long has the Rhine coastline been in the same location?

Hypothesis: Since 7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed.


Premise: From what Bible book did the crew of Apollo 8 read from during this stream of images?

Hypothesis: An estimated one-quarter of the population of the world saw—either live or delayed—the Christmas Eve transmission during the ninth orbit of the Moon.


Premise: What do some believe the Treaty of Versailles assisted in?

Hypothesis: Although the allies could probably have prevented the re-occupation, Britain and France were not inclined to do so, a feature of their policy of appeasement to Hitler.


Premise: What follows secondary education?

Hypothesis: Generally, education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools) and tertiary education (universities and/or TAFE colleges).


Premise: Charles Conrad and Alan Bean were on what spacecraft to the moon?

Hypothesis: The Command Module Pilot was Gemini veteran Richard F. Gordon, Jr. Conrad and Bean


Premise: What do chloroplasts use their ribosomes for?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts have their own ribosomes, which they use to synthesize a small fraction of their proteins.


Premise: What is a common occurrence during summer days?

Hypothesis: These are caused by the rapid heating of the land relative to the water, combined with extremely high humidity.


Premise: What does ctenophora mean in Greek?

Hypothesis: Their most distinctive feature is the ‘combs’ – groups of cilia which they use for swimming – they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia.


Premise: By what method did Maududi want to change the hearts and minds of individuals?

Hypothesis: Although Maududi talked about Islamic revolution, by "revolution" he meant not the violence or populist policies of the Iranian Revolution, but the gradual changing the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society downward through an educational process or da'wah.


Premise: What are two examples of different types of reduction?

Hypothesis: For instance, if a problem X can be solved using an algorithm for Y, X is no more difficult than Y, and we say that X reduces to Y. There are many different types of reductions, based on the method of reduction, such as Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions, and the bound on the complexity of reductions, such as polynomial-time reductions or log-space reductions.


Premise: Where are pyrenoids found?

Hypothesis: The chloroplasts of some hornworts and algae contain structures called pyrenoids.


Premise: How many square kilometers is the Amazon Basin?

Hypothesis: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America.


Premise: What drama from Aaron Spelling debuted on ABC in the 80s?

Hypothesis: Several flagship series debuted on the network during this time including Dynasty, an opulent drama from Aaron Spelling that became a hit when it premiered as a midseason series in 1981, five months before Spelling's other ABC hit Charlie's Angels ended its run.


Premise: How many branches does the Rhine branch into?

Hypothesis: This discharge distribution has been maintained since 1709, by river engineering works, including the digging of the Pannerdens canal and since the 20th century, with the help of weirs in the Nederrijn river.


Premise: When did the logo bug begin appearing throughout the entire program for ABC shows?

Hypothesis: The ABC logo first appeared as a on-screen bug in the 1993–94 season, appearing initially only for 60 seconds at the beginning of an act or segment, before appearing throughout programs (except during commercial breaks) beginning in the 1995–96 season; the respective iterations of the translucent logo bug were also incorporated within program promotions until the 2011–12 season.


Premise: For what purpose do organisms make peroxide and superoxide?

Hypothesis: Parts of the immune system of higher organisms create peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen to destroy invading microbes.


Premise: What must be passed using democratic means by the entire school community?

Hypothesis: Primarily because rules and regulations are made by the community as a whole, thence the school atmosphere is one of persuasion and negotiation, rather than confrontation since there is no one to confront.


Premise: Who tackled the Carolina Panthers' quarterback just before the end of the first half?

Hypothesis: But with 11 seconds left, Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired in the half.


Premise: What term did he use for what he believed would be humanity's future rulers?

Hypothesis: He believed that women would become the dominant sex in the future.


Premise: In schools using popularly based authority, what is public order like?

Hypothesis: Sudbury model democratic schools' proponents argue that a school that has good, clear laws, fairly and democratically passed by the entire school community, and a good judicial system for enforcing these laws, is a school in which community discipline prevails, and in which an increasingly sophisticated concept of law and order develops, against other schools today, where rules are arbitrary, authority is absolute, punishment is capricious, and due process of law is unknown.


Premise: What do extremely unequal societies tend to be?

Hypothesis: Also, very unequal societies tend to be politically and socially unstable, which is reflected in lower rates of investment and therefore growth."


Premise: When did the last glacial start?

Hypothesis: The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum).


Premise: What was the final score of the game between the Broncos and Steelers?

Hypothesis: The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game.


Premise: What is one country that has been suggested for importation of medicines?

Hypothesis: There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities.


Premise: What has Islamism been increasingly interdependent with following the Arab Spring?

Hypothesis: Following the Arab Spring, Roy has described Islamism as "increasingly interdependent" with democracy in much of the Arab Muslim world, such that "neither can now survive without the other."


Premise: Who has criticized ordering from online pharmacies that don't require prescriptions?

Hypothesis: Many customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the "inconvenience" of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe.


Premise: What award was given to Corliss?

Hypothesis: In addition to using 30% less steam, it provided more uniform speed due to variable steam cut off, making it well suited to manufacturing, especially cotton spinning.


Premise: How long was the broadcast delay the first time the series premiered?

Hypothesis: It has been claimed that the transmission of the first episode was delayed by ten minutes due to extended news coverage of the assassination of US President John F. Kennedy the previous day; whereas in fact it went out after a delay of eighty seconds.


Premise: How many soldiers did Genghis Khan send against Kuchlug and Qara Khitai?

Hypothesis: Therefore, Genghis sent only two tumen (20,000 soldiers) against Kuchlug, under his younger general, Jebe, known as "The Arrow".


Premise: What do you get when you figure the sum of forces with vector addition?

Hypothesis: Choosing a basis vector that is in the same direction as one of the forces is desirable, since that force would then have only one non-zero component.


Premise: Where did HT fail to pull off a bloodless coup in 1974?

Hypothesis: HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through "ideological struggle" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites who will "facilitate" a "change of the government," i.e., launch a "bloodless" coup.


Premise: What is the name of the state that the megaregion expands to in the east?

Hypothesis: The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States.


Premise: Which of his future general's fathers helped Temüjin escape the Tayichi'ud?

Hypothesis: Temüjin's reputation also became widespread after his escape from the Tayichi'ud.


Premise: What was the last name of the designers of Newcastle's library?

Hypothesis: The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne (popularly known as the 'Lit & Phil') is the largest independent library outside London, housing more than 150,000 books.


Premise: Who is subject to vetting?

Hypothesis: From 2006 Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession.


Premise: What was the black death originally blamed on?

Hypothesis: That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory.


Premise: In March 2015, how many owned-and-operated stations did ABC have?

Hypothesis: Since its inception, ABC has had many affiliated stations, which include WABC-TV and WPVI-TV, the first two stations to carry the network's programming.


Premise: The uniflow engine is an attempt to fix an issue that arises in what cycle?

Hypothesis: The aim of the uniflow is to remedy this defect and improve efficiency by providing an additional port uncovered by the piston at the end of each stroke making the steam flow only in one direction.


Premise: How long did Ms Kucukdeveci work for Swedex Gmbh & Co KG before she was dismissed?

Hypothesis: So, in CIA Security v Signalson and Securitel the Court of Justice held that a business called CIA Security could defend itself from allegations by competitors that it had not complied with a Belgian decree from 1991 about alarm systems, on the basis that it had not been notified to the Commission as a Directive required.


Premise: Who was Genghis's 3rd son?

Hypothesis: Möngke Khan succeeded Ögedei's son, Güyük, as Great Khan in 1251.


Premise: What is an important Swahili settlement along the coast?

Hypothesis: Among the cities that line the Kenyan coast is the City of Malindi.


Premise: What does a writer for the International Crisis Group think the concept of political Islam is a creation of?

Hypothesis: Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?"


Premise: Which measure must be adopted when there is a choice between several?

Hypothesis: When there is a choice between several appropriate measures the least onerous must be adopted, and any disadvantage caused must not be disproportionate to the aims pursued.


Premise: What kind of chloroplasts do cryptophytes have?

Hypothesis: Cryptophyte chloroplasts contain a nucleomorph that superficially resembles that of the chlorarachniophytes.


Premise: Which French kind issued this declaration?

Hypothesis: They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France, and forced the Huguenots to convert.


Premise: What does Colonia Agrippina's original name translate into?

Hypothesis: Between about AD 14 and 180, the assignment of legions was as follows: for the army of Germania Inferior, two legions at Vetera (Xanten), I Germanica and XX Valeria (Pannonian troops); two legions at oppidum Ubiorum ("town of the Ubii"), which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina, descending to Cologne, V Alaudae, a Celtic legion recruited from Gallia Narbonensis and XXI, possibly a Galatian legion from the other side of the empire.


Premise: Why was Tetzel seeking money in Germany?

Hypothesis: In 1516, Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences, was sent to Germany by the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.


Premise: What other role do many pharmacists play?

Hypothesis: Pharmacists may also be small-business proprietors, owning the pharmacy in which they practice.


Premise: The RIBA's drawing collection of what Italian architect is considered the largest in the world?

Hypothesis: The RIBA's holdings of over 330 drawings by Andrea Palladio are the largest in the world, other Europeans well represented are Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini.


Premise: Whose chandelier grace the rotunda at the V&A's main entrance?

Hypothesis: The main gallery was redesigned in 1994, the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine are the work of Danny Lane, the gallery covering contemporary glass opened in 2004 and the sacred silver and stained-glass gallery in 2005.


Premise: How many students does the University of Chicago have enlisted?

Hypothesis: The university currently enrolls approximately 5,000 students in the College and around 15,000 students overall.


Premise: When is the Sicilian Tristan Quilt dated?

Hypothesis: One of the earliest surviving examples of European quilting, the late 14th-century Sicilian Tristan Quilt, is also held by the collection.


Premise: What is the name of the team from USC?

Hypothesis: The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division


Premise: When were most of the places of religious worship destroyed in Warsaw?

Hypothesis: This led to construction of hundreds of places of religious worship in all parts of the town.


Premise: What nationality was Arthur Woolf?

Hypothesis: The complete expansion of the steam now occurs across multiple cylinders and as less expansion now occurs in each cylinder less heat is lost by the steam in each.


Premise: How many reptiles have been discovered in the Amazon region?

Hypothesis: To date, at least 40,000 plant species, 2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds, 427 mammals, 428 amphibians, and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.


Premise: What South African law recognized two types of schools?

Hypothesis: Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century.


Premise: How was it suggested that the IPCC avoid political problems?

Hypothesis: They suggested a range of new organizational options, from tightening the selection of lead authors and contributors, to dumping it in favor of a small permanent body, or even turning the whole climate science assessment process into a moderated "living" Wikipedia-IPCC.


Premise: What kind of engines did the biplane design have?

Hypothesis: In 1928, Tesla received his last patent, U.S. Patent 1,655,114, for a biplane capable of taking off vertically (VTOL aircraft) and then be "gradually tilted through manipulation of the elevator devices" in flight until it was flying like a conventional plane.


Premise: What type of number do modern mathematicians consider 1 to be?

Hypothesis: Most early Greeks did not even consider 1 to be a number, so they could not consider it to be a prime.


Premise: When did the attack occur in which the Normans impressed Prince Guaimar III occur?

Hypothesis: In 999, according to Amatus of Montecassino, Norman pilgrims returning from Jerusalem called in at the port of Salerno when a Saracen attack occurred.


Premise: What is the name of the area past the border that the megaregion extends into?

Hypothesis: The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States.


Premise: What petroleum company was a Super Bowl sponsor?

Hypothesis: The host committee has already raised over $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health.


Premise: Who was one prominent Huguenot-descended arms manufacturer?

Hypothesis: Their descendants in many families continued to use French first names and surnames for their children well into the nineteenth century.


Premise: What are the most powerful class of anti-inflammatory drugs?

Hypothesis: Anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to control the effects of inflammation.


Premise: Which entities have had to develop principles dedicated to conflict resolution between laws of different systems?

Hypothesis: This has meant both the European Court of Justice and the highest national courts have had to develop principles to resolve conflicts of laws between different systems.


Premise: How many times less is the strenght of the weak field compared to the strong?

Hypothesis: Still, it is stronger than gravity over short distances.


Premise: What did 'Da Yuan Tong Zhi' mean?

Hypothesis: During his reign, the Da Yuan Tong Zhi (Chinese: 大元通制, "the comprehensive institutions of the Great Yuan"), a huge collection of codes and regulations of the Yuan dynasty begun by his father, was formally promulgated.


Premise: What can it sometimes take up to 14 years to get permission to build on?

Hypothesis: Reasons for extra-legal ownership include excessive bureaucratic red tape in buying property and building, In some countries it can take over 200 steps and up to 14 years to build on government land.


Premise: What is the term for the arrangement of two unpaired electrons in dioxygen?

Hypothesis: An electron configuration with two unpaired electrons as found in dioxygen (see the filled π* orbitals in the diagram), orbitals that are of equal energy—i.e., degenerate—is a configuration termed a spin triplet state.


Premise: What entity in Canada handles substitution regulations for television shows?

Hypothesis: ABC News provides news and features content for select radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting, which purchased the ABC Radio properties in 2007.


Premise: Who invented the first nuclear reactor?

Hypothesis: " Luis Walter Alvarez, Murray Gell-Mann who introduced the quark, second female Nobel laureate Maria Goeppert-Mayer, the youngest American winner of the Nobel Prize Tsung-Dao Lee, and astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.


Premise: Which two Mongol leaders added Persia to the Mongol Empire?

Hypothesis: Later under Genghis Khan's grandson Batu and the Golden Horde, the Mongols returned to conquer Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus' in 1237, concluding the campaign in 1240.


Premise: How many troops were defeated for British in BAttle of Carillon?

Hypothesis: The third invasion was stopped with the improbable French victory in the Battle of Carillon, in which 3,600 Frenchmen famously and decisively defeated Abercrombie's force of 18,000 regulars, militia and Native American allies outside the fort the French called Carillon and the British called Ticonderoga.


Premise: What is negatively correlated to the duration of economic growth?

Hypothesis: According to IMF staff economists, "if the income share of the top 20 percent (the rich) increases, then GDP growth actually declines over the medium term, suggesting that the benefits do not trickle down.


Premise: Who had worked on the Saturn series even before the Apollo program began officially?

Hypothesis: The June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous enabled the Saturn V to replace the Nova, and the MSFC proceeded to develop the Saturn rocket family for Apollo.


Premise: What present-day area was this settlement near?

Hypothesis: The Wars of Religion precluded a return voyage, and the outpost was abandoned.


Premise: How many yards was the missed field goal?

Hypothesis: After the miss, Manning completed a pair of passes to Emmanuel Sanders for gains of 25 and 22 yards, setting up McManus' 33-yard field goal that gave the Broncos a 16–7 lead.


Premise: What administration did Ludwig Mies van der Rohe designa buiding?

Hypothesis: In 1955, Eero Saarinen was contracted to develop a second master plan, which led to the construction of buildings both north and south of the Midway, including the Laird Bell Law Quadrangle (a complex designed by Saarinen); a series of arts buildings; a building designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the university's School of Social Service Administration;, a building which is to become the home of the Harris School of Public Policy Studies by Edward Durrell Stone, and the Regenstein Library, the largest building on campus, a brutalist structure designed by Walter Netsch of the Chicago firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.


Premise: What do carotenoids absorb?

Hypothesis: Embedded in the thylakoid membranes are important protein complexes which carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis.


Premise: At which Super Bowl did Beyonce headline the halftime show?

Hypothesis: It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.


Premise: The reasons for the las two counties to be added are based on what?

Hypothesis: Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the United States.


Premise: When was the Soulages collection acquired?

Hypothesis: This was criticized at the time, with the result that the museum ceased to collect contemporary items and did not do so again until the 1960s.


Premise: What lineage is Karenia in?

Hypothesis: The fucoxanthin dinophyte lineages (including Karlodinium and Karenia) lost their original red algal derived chloroplast, and replaced it with a new chloroplast derived from a haptophyte endosymbiont.


Premise: What was developed for the Air Force

Hypothesis: Baran developed the concept of distributed adaptive message block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks, first presented to the Air Force in the summer of 1961 as briefing B-265, later published as RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964.


Premise: Where did Super Bowl 50 take place?

Hypothesis: As this was the 50th Super Bowl, the league emphasized the "golden anniversary" with various gold-themed initiatives, as well as temporarily suspending the tradition of naming each Super Bowl game with Roman numerals (under which the game would have been known as "Super Bowl L"), so that the logo could prominently feature the Arabic numerals 50.


Premise: When did the Venetians take total control of Cyprus?

Hypothesis: The island occupied a key strategic position on the maritime lanes to the Holy Land, whose occupation by the Christians could not continue without support from the sea.


Premise: What health problem did Tesla have in 1879?

Hypothesis: Nikola suffered a nervous breakdown at around the same time.


Premise: When are the ashes now?

Hypothesis: The ashes are displayed in a gold-plated sphere on a marble pedestal in the Nikola Tesla Museum.


Premise: Would word means burn in the Anglo-Saxon language?

Hypothesis: Other Geordie words with Anglo-Saxon origins include: "larn" (from the Anglo-Saxon "laeran", meaning "teach"), "burn" ("stream") and "gan" ("go").


Premise: Though Turabi proclaimed his support for the democratic process, he strictly applied what after coming into power?

Hypothesis: Turabi was noted for proclaiming his support for the democratic process and a liberal government before coming to power, but strict application of sharia law, torture and mass imprisonment of the opposition, and an intensification of the long-running war in southern Sudan, once in power.


Premise: What is the exact date of the V&A's official opening?

Hypothesis: In these early years the practical use of the collection was very much emphasised as opposed to that of "High Art" at the National Gallery and scholarship at the British Museum.


Premise: What was the final score of Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title.


Premise: What is the first major city in the course of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North.


Premise: What is considered the centerpiece of the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art?

Hypothesis: The collection of Middle Eastern and Persian rugs and carpets is amongst the finest in the world, many were part of the Salting Bequest of 1909.


Premise: What gave its name to the 1980s music television program "The Tube"?

Hypothesis: It is from here that the Corporation broadcasts the Look North television regional news programme and local radio station BBC Radio Newcastle.


Premise: How many general questions are available to opposition leaders?

Hypothesis: Opposition leaders ask a general question of the First Minister and then supplementary questions.


Premise: What did Tesla tell Brisbane he didn't believe in?

Hypothesis: Suppose I made up my mind to murder you," he said, "In a second you would know it.


Premise: Who did the North declare for during the English civil war?

Hypothesis: In a bid to gain Newcastle and the Tyne, Cromwell's allies, the Scots, captured the town of Newburn.


Premise: When was the last episode of the original series?

Hypothesis: Notable exceptions were: The Daleks' Master Plan, which aired in 12 episodes (plus an earlier one-episode teaser, "Mission to the Unknown", featuring none of the regular cast); almost an entire season of seven-episode serials (season 7); the 10-episode serial The War Games; and The Trial of a Time Lord, which ran for 14 episodes (albeit divided into three production codes and four narrative segments) during season 23.


Premise: When was Temüjin elected khan of the Mongols?

Hypothesis: Temüjin hastily gathered together his followers to defend against the attack, but he was decisively beaten in the Battle of Dalan Balzhut.


Premise: Whose authority did Luther's theology oppose?

Hypothesis: His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood.


Premise: What Comic Book series did ABC debut in 2013-14?

Hypothesis: NBC, which had lagged behind ABC for eight years, finished the season in first place in the 18–49 demographic for the first time since 2004, and in second place in total viewership behind long-dominant CBS.


Premise: Who was Genghis's 3rd son?

Hypothesis: Under the reign of Genghis' third son, Ögedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty in 1234, conquering most of northern China.


Premise: What played during the closing credits of the Doctor Who episodes?

Hypothesis: For the Canadian broadcast, Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions for each episode (including a trivia question as part of a viewer contest) and excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary were played over the closing credits; for the broadcast of "The Christmas Invasion" on 26 December 2005, Billie Piper recorded a special video introduction.


Premise: What did this agitation provide later generations material for?

Hypothesis: Some scholars see Luther's influence as limited, and the Nazis' use of his work as opportunistic.


Premise: Who did the Yuan's increase in commerce help?

Hypothesis: Major commerce during this era gave rise to favorable conditions for private southern Chinese manufacturers and merchants.


Premise: Who were the creators of the Flintstones?

Hypothesis: On September 30, 1960, ABC premiered The Flintstones, another example of counterprogramming; although the animated series from William Hanna and Joseph Barbera was filmed in color from the beginning, it was initially broadcast in black-and-white, as ABC had not made the necessary technical upgrades to broadcast its programming in color at the time.


Premise: What is the boundary between the High and Upper Rhine?


Premise: When was Manning picked #1 in the NFL Draft?

Hypothesis: This was the first Super Bowl to feature a quarterback on both teams who was the #1 pick in their draft classes.


Premise: What is the name of another algorithm useful for conveniently testing the primality of large numbers?

Hypothesis: A simple but slow method of verifying the primality of a given number n is known as trial division.


Premise: When were x-rays discovered?

Hypothesis: Starting in 1894, Tesla began investigating what he referred to as radiant energy of "invisible" kinds after he had noticed damaged film in his laboratory in previous experiments (later identified as "Roentgen rays" or "X-Rays").


Premise: Some species of beroe have a pair of strips of adhesive cells on the stomach wall. What does it do?

Hypothesis: In front of the field of macrocilia, on the mouth "lips" in some species of Beroe, is a pair of narrow strips of adhesive epithelial cells on the stomach wall that "zip" the mouth shut when the animal is not feeding, by forming intercellular connections with the opposite adhesive strip.


Premise: What well-known archeologist believed the Amazon didn't have many inhabitants?

Hypothesis: For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil.


Premise: What county was Newcastle a part of until 1400?

Hypothesis: Newcastle is a member of the English Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities.


Premise: Prior to Super Bowl 50, when were the Broncos last there?

Hypothesis: Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.


Premise: From which period did the objects in the Soulages collection come from?

Hypothesis: This was criticized at the time, with the result that the museum ceased to collect contemporary items and did not do so again until the 1960s.


Premise: What does Warszawa mean in Polish?

Hypothesis: (also formerly spelled Warszewa and Warszowa), meaning "belonging to Warsz", Warsz being a shortened form of the masculine name of Slavic origin Warcisław; see also etymology of Wrocław.


Premise: Besides Death Wish Coffee, how many other competitors participated in the contest?

Hypothesis: QuickBooks sponsored a "Small Business Big Game" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks.


Premise: Who kidnapped Temüjin's first wife soon after they were married?

Hypothesis: Soon after Börte's marriage to Temüjin, she was kidnapped by the Merkits and reportedly given away as a wife.


Premise: How many white settlers were living in Kenya in the 1950's?

Hypothesis: There were 80,000 white settlers living in Kenya in the 1950s.


Premise: What percentage of money raised was earmarked for causes in the San Francisco area?

Hypothesis: The committee created the 50 fund as its philanthropic initiative and focuses on providing grants to aid with youth development, community investment and sustainable environments.


Premise: What was wrong with the pigeon?

Hypothesis: He said that he had been visited by a specific injured white pigeon daily.


Premise: What popular phrase is associated with the Doctor Who series?

Hypothesis: A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtaposition of fear and thrill "at the center of many people's relationship with the show", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the "scariest TV show of all time".


Premise: How often is the AV Festival held?

Hypothesis: In May, Newcastle and Gateshead host the Evolution Festival, a music festival held on the Newcastle and Gateshead Quaysides over the Spring bank holiday, with performances by acts from the world of Rock, Indie and Dance music.


Premise: Who was the defensive coordinator for the Broncos in 2015?

Hypothesis: Osweiler was injured, however, leading to Manning's return during the Week 17 regular season finale, where the Broncos were losing 13–7 against the 4–11 San Diego Chargers, resulting in Manning re-claiming the starting quarterback position for the playoffs by leading the team to a key 27–20 win that enabled the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed.


Premise: What did AUSTPAC support

Hypothesis: Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD, or, by linking a permanent X.25 node to the network.[citation needed]


Premise: How much did Tesla say Edison offered him to redesign his motor and generators?

Hypothesis: According to Tesla, Edison remarked, "There's fifty thousand dollars in it for you—if you can do it.":54–57 :


Premise: What was Tesla's plan to make students "bright"?

Hypothesis: In 1912, he crafted "a plan to make dull students bright by saturating them unconsciously with electricity," wiring the walls of a schoolroom and, "saturating [the schoolroom] with infinitesimal electric waves vibrating at high frequency.


Premise: How much of the population of Earth ended up seeing the images of the Earth and the Moon?

Hypothesis: An estimated one-quarter of the population of the world saw—either live or delayed—the Christmas Eve transmission during the ninth orbit of the Moon.


Premise: In which year did the V&A received the Talbot Hughes collection?

Hypothesis: One of the first significant gifts of costume came in 1913 when the V&A received the Talbot Hughes collection containing 1,442 costumes and items as a gift from Harrods following its display at the nearby department store.


Premise: Why were the initial suggestions for a devolved parliament before 1914 shelved?

Hypothesis: Suggestions for a 'devolved' Parliament were made before 1914, but were shelved due to the outbreak of the First World War.


Premise: How did the Better Jacksonville Plan generate money?

Hypothesis: This would generate most of the revenue required for the $2.25 billion package of major projects that included road & infrastructure improvements, environmental preservation, targeted economic development and new or improved public facilities.


Premise: What does 'Pax Mongolica' mean?

Hypothesis: Marco Polo's travels would later inspire many others like Christopher Columbus to chart a passage to the Far East in search of its legendary wealth.


Premise: What does Colonia Agrippina's original name translate into?

Hypothesis: The actual number of legions present at any base or in all, depended on whether a state or threat of war existed.


Premise: Which part of the immune system protects the brain?

Hypothesis: In humans, the blood–brain barrier, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid–brain barriers separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain.


Premise: In which year did John Sheepshanks donated a large collection of paintings?

Hypothesis: Although some of Constable's works came to the museum with the Sheepshanks bequest, the majority of the artist's works were donated by his daughter Isabel in 1888, including the large number of sketches in oil, the most significant being the 1821 full size oil sketch for The Hay Wain.


Premise: What was the very first television station to broadcast in Fresno?

Hypothesis: The very first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting was KMJ-TV, which debuted on June 1, 1953.


Premise: What does chlorophyll absorb?

Hypothesis: I contain light-harvesting complexes with chlorophyll and carotenoids that absorb light energy and use it to energize electrons.


Premise: By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, what was the total UMC membership overseas?

Hypothesis: By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, total UMC membership was estimated at 11.4 million, with about 7.9 million in the U.S. and 3.5 million overseas.


Premise: Where is the mouth located on the pleuobrachia located?

Hypothesis: From opposite sides of the body extends a pair of long, slender tentacles, each housed in a sheath into which it can be withdrawn.


Premise: When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?

Hypothesis: Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?"


Premise: What kind of affect did Luther often use in his discourses?

Hypothesis: Edwards also comments that Luther often deliberately used "vulgarity and violence" for effect, both in his writings condemning the Jews and in diatribes against "Turks" (Muslims) and Catholics.


Premise: The academic body of the university is made up of how many professional schools?

Hypothesis: The university is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.


Premise: What is unusual about C4 plants' chloroplasts?

Hypothesis: Rubisco cannot distinguish between oxygen and carbon dioxide very well, so it can accidentally add O2 instead of CO2 to RuBP.


Premise: In which year are the Meissen Vulture in the V&A collection dated?

Hypothesis: Among the finest examples are the Meissen Vulture from 1731 and the Möllendorff Dinner Service, designed in 1762 by Frederick II the Great.


Premise: What spurred increased support for government reform?

Hypothesis: This added momentum to proposals for government reform.


Premise: The earthquake forecast models what features of earthquakes in California?

Hypothesis: The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence in California.


Premise: what did he do for $2 a day?

Hypothesis: He had to work at various electrical repair jobs and even as a ditch digger for $2 per day.


Premise: What can the non-elected members from the Scottish Government not do?

Hypothesis: As such the Law Officers may attend and speak in the plenary meetings of the Parliament but, as they are not elected MSPs, cannot vote.


Premise: How much carbon gets wasted by using O2 instead of CO2?


Premise: What type of landscapes other than geologic and natural ecosystem landscapes can be found in southern California?

Hypothesis: The region spans from Pacific Ocean islands, shorelines, beaches, and coastal plains, through the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges with their peaks, into the large and small interior valleys, to the vast deserts of California.


Premise: How many miles, once completed, will the the Lewis S. Eaton trail cover?

Hypothesis: equestrian trail, exercise par course, three children's playgrounds, a lake, 3 small ponds, 7 picnic areas and five miles (8 km) of multipurpose trails that are part of the San Joaquin River Parkway's Lewis S. Eaton Trail.


Premise: After the negotiations were done what did Luther experience?

Hypothesis: He thanked God for revealing his Son to him in whom he had believed.


Premise: When did the Meuse and Waal merge?

Hypothesis: For flood protection reasons, the Meuse was separated from the Waal through a lock and diverted into a new outlet called "Bergse Maas", then Amer and then flows into the former bay Hollands Diep.


Premise: Where did the pharmacist stand in relation to the Emperor's personal physicians?

Hypothesis: In the Imperial household, the pharmacist was even ranked above the two personal physicians of the Emperor.


Premise: Who was the MVP of Super Bowl I and II?

Hypothesis: I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V) appeared via video, while Peyton Manning (MVP of Super Bowl XLI and current Broncos quarterback) was shown in the locker room preparing for the game.


Premise: How many hundred of years was Scotland directly governed by the parliament of Great Britain?

Hypothesis: For the next three hundred years, Scotland was directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain and the subsequent Parliament of the United Kingdom, both seated at Westminster, and the lack of a Parliament of Scotland remained an important element in Scottish national identity.


Premise: From 2004 to 2005 Harvard reduced the number of students earning Latin honors from 90% to what?

Hypothesis: Harvard College reduced the number of students who receive Latin honors from 90% in 2004 to 60% in 2005.


Premise: The success of pathogens is predicated on their ability to do what?

Hypothesis: The success of any pathogen depends on its ability to elude host immune responses.


Premise: When did O2 begin to acculturate in the atmosphere?

Hypothesis: Oxygen is toxic to obligately anaerobic organisms, which were the dominant form of early life on Earth until O_2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere about 2.5 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event, about a billion years after the first appearance of these organisms.


Premise: Where did the earliest item in the V&A glass collection come from?

Hypothesis: The earliest glassware on display comes from Ancient Egypt and continues through the Ancient Roman, Medieval, Renaissance covering areas such as Venetian glass and Bohemian glass and more recent periods, including Art Nouveau glass by Louis Comfort Tiffany and Émile Gallé, the Art Deco style is represented by several examples by René Lalique.


Premise: What do the owners of more capital end up having?

Hypothesis: As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality.


Premise: The defeat of the Arab troops in the Six-Day War constituted what for the Arab Muslim world?

Hypothesis: The defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism of the ruling regimes.


Premise: What is the least number of members a board of trustees can have?

Hypothesis: The church conference is an annual meeting of all the officers of the church and any interested members.


Premise: What is the name of one type of prime where p+1 or p-1 takes a certain shape?

Hypothesis: Other primes where either p + 1 or p − 1 is of a particular shape include the Sophie Germain primes (primes of the form 2p + 1 with p prime), primorial primes, Fermat primes and Mersenne primes, that is, prime numbers that are of the form 2p − 1, where p is an arbitrary prime.


Premise: When was Waruhiu Itote captured?

Hypothesis: The capture of Warũhiũ Itote (aka General China) on 15 January 1954 and the subsequent interrogation led to a better understanding of the Mau Mau command structure.


Premise: How long does it take to get to the middle of Newcastle from its outskirts when riding the rails?

Hypothesis: It is connected to the city via the Metro Light Rail system and a journey into Newcastle city centre takes approximately 20 minutes.


Premise: What is the most important thing apicoplasts do?

Hypothesis: The fact that apicomplexans still keep their nonphotosynthetic chloroplast around demonstrates how the chloroplast carries out important functions other than photosynthesis.


Premise: During 2012-2013, how many student were able to take the Core classes at a single time?

Hypothesis: In 2012-2013, the Core classes at Chicago were limited to 17 students, and are generally led by a full-time professor (as opposed to a teaching assistant).


Premise: What Japanese network did ABC purchase a stake in in 1951?

Hypothesis: Goldenson also cited interest in Japan in the early 1950s, acquiring a 5% stake in two new domestic networks, the Mainichi Broadcasting System in 1951 and Nihon Educational Television in 1957.


Premise: Why are newly discovered oil sold at a higher price?

Hypothesis: The system limited the price of "old oil" (that which had already been discovered) while allowing newly discovered oil to be sold at a higher price to encourage investment.


Premise: Where were Luther's hymns included?

Hypothesis: He supplied four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch, 18 of 26 songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion, and 24 of the 32 songs in the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter, Eyn geystlich


Premise: Who did John Elway play for in Super Bowl XXXIII?

Hypothesis: The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.


Premise: What one point was not agreed on that was dear to Luther?

Hypothesis: Agreement was achieved on fourteen points out of fifteen, the exception being the nature of the Eucharist – the sacrament of the Lord's Supper—an issue crucial to Luther.


Premise: What was President Kennedy put off by regarding the space program?

Hypothesis: Despite Kennedy's rhetoric, he did not immediately come to a decision on the status of the Apollo program once he became president.


Premise: Who was drawn to Jacksonville in the 1910s?

Hypothesis: In the 1910s, New York–based filmmakers were attracted to Jacksonville's warm climate, exotic locations, excellent rail access, and cheap labor.


Premise: What is NSFNET

Hypothesis: The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States.


Premise: Which book discussed the theory about low populations in the Amazon rainforest?

Hypothesis: For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil.


Premise: Vendobionta lived during which period?

Hypothesis: The early Cambrian sessile frond-like fossil Stromatoveris, from China's Chengjiang lagerstätte and dated to about 515 million years ago, is very similar to Vendobionta of the preceding Ediacaran period.


Premise: For how long did Tesla receive this compensation?

Hypothesis: Accounts on how this came about vary.


Premise: What performer lead the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show?

Hypothesis: The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.


Premise: What famous snowbaorder lives in southern California?

Hypothesis: Professional skateboarder Tony Hawk, professional surfers Rob Machado, Tim Curran, Bobby Martinez, Pat O'Connell, Dane Reynolds, and Chris Ward, and professional snowboarder Shaun White live in southern California.


Premise: Which wireless company had exclusive streaming rights on mobile phones?

Hypothesis: CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players (such as Chromecast and Roku).


Premise: By the opening of the 2008 General Conference, what was the total UMC membership overseas?

Hypothesis: Given current trends in the UMC—with overseas churches growing, especially in Africa, and U.S. churches collectively losing about 1,000 members a week—it has been estimated that Africans will make up at least 30% of the delegates at the 2012 General Conference, and it is also possible that 40% of the delegates will be from outside the U.S. One Congolese bishop has estimated that typical Sunday attendance of the UMC is higher in his country than in the entire United States.


Premise: The paintings donated by John Sheepshanks were by artists of which nationality?

Hypothesis: In 1857 John Sheepshanks donated 233 paintings, mainly by contemporary British artists, and a similar number of drawings to the museum with the intention of forming a 'A National Gallery of British Art', a role since taken on by Tate Britain; artists represented are William Blake, James Barry, Henry Fuseli, Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, Sir David Wilkie, William Mulready, William Powell Frith, Millais and Hippolyte Delaroche.


Premise: In what country was a full-scale working railway steam locomotive first invented?

Hypothesis: The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built by Richard Trevithick in the United Kingdom and, on 21 February 1804, the world's first railway journey took place as Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway from the Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales.


Premise: Why are there more poor people in the United States and Europe than China?

Hypothesis: Oxfam's claims have however been questioned on the basis of the methodology used: by using net wealth (adding up assets and subtracting debts), the Oxfam report, for instance, finds that there are more poor people in the United States and Western Europe than in China (due to a greater tendency to take on debts).[unreliable source?][unreliable source?]


Premise: Where does the livestock of the country normally dominate?

Hypothesis: Livestock predominates in the semi-arid savanna to the north and east.


Premise: Where was Austrian Polytechnic located?

Hypothesis: In 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship.


Premise: How much does it cost to gain entry to a parliament meeting?

Hypothesis: Proceedings are also recorded in text form, in print and online, in the Official Report, which is the substantially verbatim transcript of parliamentary debates.


Premise: When did these rebellions take place?

Hypothesis: The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes.


Premise: To which year is the Becket Casket dated?

Hypothesis: Also of importance is the Becket Casket dated c1180 to contain relics of St Thomas Becket, made from gilt copper, with enamelled scenes of the saint's martyrdom.


Premise: In what year was the agreement to allow the Saarland settlement reached?

Hypothesis: Prince Louis de Condé, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604.


Premise: What was the Song dynasty's capital?

Hypothesis: The last Song emperor drowned, bringing an end to the Song dynasty.


Premise: When was ambulatory care pharmacy approved as its own certification?

Hypothesis: The official designation for pharmacists who pass the ambulatory care pharmacy specialty certification exam will be Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharmacist and these pharmacists will carry the initials BCACP.


Premise: What enemy of Doctor Who is also a Time Lord?

Hypothesis: As a Time Lord, the Doctor has the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged, taking on a new appearance and personality.


Premise: What institution has helped farmers grow new pigeon pea varieties?

Hypothesis: The commercialisation of the pigeon pea is now enabling some farmers to buy assets, ranging from mobile phones to productive land and livestock, and is opening pathways for them to move out of poverty.


Premise: Which year did the price of oil drop to $10 per barrel?

Hypothesis: This "sale" price was a windfall for oil-importing nations, both developing and developed.


Premise: How many branches does the Rhine branch into?

Hypothesis: The discharge of the Rhine is divided among three branches: the River Waal (6/9 of total discharge), the River Nederrijn –


Premise: What was huihui?

Hypothesis: Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine.


Premise: Where is the mouth located on the pleuobrachia located?

Hypothesis: Cydippid ctenophores have bodies that are more or less rounded, sometimes nearly spherical and other times more cylindrical or egg-shaped; the common coastal "sea gooseberry," Pleurobrachia, sometimes has an egg-shaped body with the mouth at the narrow end, although some individuals are more uniformly round.


Premise: When was the first plastome sequenced?

Hypothesis: Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986—when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco.


Premise: The largest construction projects are known as what?

Hypothesis: Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding, etc.


Premise: With which museum does the V&A co-owns Canova's The Three Graces?

Hypothesis: It includes Canova's The Three Graces, which the museum jointly owns with National Galleries of Scotland.


Premise: Who warned of the potential impact?

Hypothesis: The governments of the United States, Britain, Germany and France also collectively issued a press statement cautioning about the law's potential impact.


Premise: What commonality do alternate machine models, such as random access machines, share with Turing machines?

Hypothesis: What all these models have in common is that the machines operate deterministically.


Premise: When was the second oil crisis?

Hypothesis: It was later called the "first oil shock", followed by the 1979 oil crisis, termed the "second oil shock."


Premise: What gauge of rail lines do two tourist lines use?

Hypothesis: Two tourist railways operate over 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines, which are the remnants of five formerly government-owned lines which were built in mountainous areas.


Premise: What is the usual source of heat for boiling water in the steam engine?

Hypothesis: In the case of model or toy steam engines, the heat source can be an electric heating element.


Premise: What was the name of the experiment that tested how life originated?

Hypothesis: The chemical experiment that tested how life originated on early Earth, the Miller–Urey experiment, was conducted at the university.


Premise: What was the attack on the British weakness?

Hypothesis: In the March Battle of Fort Bull, French forces destroyed the fort and large quantities of supplies, including 45,000 pounds of gunpowder.


Premise: What type of compounds such as acetone,contain oxygen?

Hypothesis: Other important organic compounds that contain oxygen are: glycerol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, citric acid, acetic anhydride, and acetamide.


Premise: What is a PPP also known as?

Hypothesis: There is also a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting where the emphasis is on a co-operative relationship between the principal and contractor and other stakeholders within a construction project.


Premise: Zoning requirements, environmental impact, budgeting, and logistics are things who should consider?


Premise: When did the attack occur in which the Normans impressed Prince Guaimar III occur?

Hypothesis: The Normans fought so valiantly that Prince Guaimar III begged them to stay, but they refused and instead offered to tell others back home of the prince's request.


Premise: Who was the main performer at this year's halftime show?

Hypothesis: The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVII and Super Bowl XLVIII halftime shows, respectively.


Premise: Civil Disobedience is mainly performed by what population group?

Hypothesis: Civil disobedience is usually defined as pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse in which two public agencies, especially two equally sovereign branches of government, conflict.


Premise: Of what mathematical nature is the Basel problem?

Hypothesis: For example, the aforementioned fact that there are infinitely many primes can also be seen using the zeta function: if there were only finitely many primes then ζ(1) would have a finite value.


Premise: Who said Tesla had a "distinguished sweetness"?

Hypothesis: Robert Underwood Johnson described him as attaining a "distinguished sweetness, sincerity, modesty, refinement, generosity, and force."


Premise: What is the name of one type of computing method that is used to find prime numbers?

Hypothesis: Some of the largest primes not known to have any particular form (that is, no simple formula such as that of Mersenne primes) have been found by taking a piece of semi-random binary data, converting it to a number n, multiplying it by 256k for some positive integer k, and searching for possible primes within the interval [256kn + 1, 256k(n + 1)


Premise: Which male child of Ghengis Khan and Börte was born last?

Hypothesis: Börte had three more sons, Chagatai (1187—1241), Ögedei (1189—1241), and Tolui (1190–1232).


Premise: Who explained that inertial reference frames equaled reference frames subject to constant acceleration?

Hypothesis: Albert Einstein extended the principle of inertia further when he explained that reference frames subject to constant acceleration, such as those free-falling toward a gravitating object, were physically equivalent to inertial reference frames.


Premise: How long is the section that turns north?

Hypothesis: This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal).


Premise: What percentage of global assets does the richest 1% of people have?

Hypothesis: A study by the World Institute for Development Economics Research at United Nations University reports that the richest 1% of adults alone owned 40% of global assets in the year 2000.


Premise: Which book by Edward Said portrayed the east as being the "others?"

Hypothesis: Tropicality can be paralleled with Edward Said’s Orientalism as the west’s construction of the east as the “other”.


Premise: In 2013, ABC's identity was revamped by what design agency?

Hypothesis: A revised version of the ABC logo was introduced for promotions for the 2013–14 season during the network's upfront presentation on May 14, 2013, and officially introduced on-air on June 17 (although some affiliates implemented the new design prior to then), as part of an overhaul of ABC's identity by design agency LoyalKaspar.


Premise: Where in Dundee will the gallery be located?

Hypothesis: The V&A Dundee will be on the city's waterfront and is intended to focus on fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography.


Premise: Who may be a spiritual teacher in the LDS Church?

Hypothesis: The role of "spiritual teacher" may be filled by many individuals in the LDS Church, often a trusted friend, who may hold any office, from Elder to Bishop, or no office at all.


Premise: How many lead authors does an IPCC report chapter have?

Hypothesis: Each chapter has a number of authors who are responsible for writing and editing the material.


Premise: What is the largest co-ed independent school in Newcastle?

Hypothesis: The largest co-ed independent school is the Royal Grammar School.


Premise: What exchange in Warsaw is one of the most important for Central and Eastern Europe?

Hypothesis: The Warsaw Stock Exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe.


Premise: Who started rumors in 2008 that ABC would sell its ten owned-and-operated stations?

Hypothesis: The Writers Guild of America strike that halted production of network programs for much of the 2007–08 season affected the network in 2007–08 and 2008–09, as various ABC shows that premiered in 2007, such as Dirty Sexy Money, Pushing Daisies, Eli Stone and Samantha Who?, did not live to see a third season; other series such as Boston Legal and the U.S. version of Life on Mars suffered from low viewership, despite the former, a spin off of The Practice, being a once-highlighted breakout series when it debuted in 2005.


Premise: How many people do historians estimate Genghis Khan killed in the Iranian Plateau?

Hypothesis: Steven R. Ward wrote that "Overall, the Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths of the population of the Iranian Plateau, possibly 10 to 15 million people.


Premise: What did Tesla do in December 1878?

Hypothesis: In March 1879, Milutin Tesla went to Maribor to beg his son to return home, but Nikola refused.


Premise: Where are these dams located?

Hypothesis: A petroleum-fired plant on the coast, geothermal facilities at Olkaria (near Nairobi), and electricity imported from Uganda make up the rest of the supply.


Premise: In which year did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art opened?

Hypothesis: The collection of Middle Eastern and Persian rugs and carpets is amongst the finest in the world, many were part of the Salting Bequest of 1909.


Premise: What is a turbine's theoretical Carnot efficiency?

Hypothesis: This gives a theoretical Carnot efficiency of about 63% compared with an actual efficiency of 42% for a modern coal-fired power station.


Premise: How large can ctenophora grow?

Hypothesis: Their most distinctive feature is the ‘combs’ – groups of cilia which they use for swimming – they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia.


Premise: What denomination operates St Joseph's College?

Hypothesis: Although most are non-aligned, some of the best known independent schools also belong to the large, long-established religious foundations, such as the Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not insist on their students’ religious allegiance.


Premise: With what word was Tesla's sociability described?

Hypothesis: Tesla was asocial and prone to seclude himself with his work.


Premise: Why did Tesla want funds from Morgan?

Hypothesis: Over the next five years, Tesla wrote over 50 letters to Morgan, pleading for and demanding additional funding to complete the construction of Wardenclyffe.


Premise: What are the proteins that organisms use to identify molecules associated with pathogens?

Hypothesis: Pattern recognition receptors are proteins used by nearly all organisms to identify molecules associated with pathogens.


Premise: In addition to endowments and tuition, how do boarding schools cover their operating costs?

Hypothesis: However, tuition did not cover operating expenses, particularly at boarding schools.


Premise: What is the main gap to continued urbanization?

Hypothesis: Traveling south on Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton.


Premise: What does ctenophora use for digestion and respiration?

Hypothesis: Some authors combined ctenophores and cnidarians in one phylum, Coelenterata, as both groups rely on water flow through the body cavity for both digestion and respiration.


Premise: What uprising began in 1351?

Hypothesis: In 1354, when Toghtogha led a large army to crush the Red Turban rebels, Toghun Temür suddenly dismissed him for fear of betrayal.


Premise: In which case did the Court state that Austria was not allowed to hold places in Austrian schools exclusively for Austrian students?

Hypothesis: Citizenship of the EU has increasingly been seen as a "fundamental" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice, and has accordingly increased the number of social services that people can access wherever they move.


Premise: In which etude of Neumes rythmiques do the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear in?

Hypothesis: In works such as La Nativité du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre études de rythme (1949–50), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different prime numbers to create unpredictable rhythms: the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear in the third étude, "Neumes rythmiques".


Premise: What are the 3 post popular libraries for undergraduates in the Harvard system?

Hypothesis: Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use, with easy access and central locations.


Premise: What list was Warsaw's Old Town inscribed onto in 1980?

Hypothesis: After World War II, under a Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets, the "Bricks for Warsaw" campaign was initiated, and large prefabricated housing projects were erected in Warsaw to address the housing shortage, along with other typical buildings of an Eastern Bloc city, such as the Palace of Culture and Science, a gift from the Soviet Union.


Premise: How many major chloroplast replication models have been suggested?

Hypothesis: Scientists have attempted to observe chloroplast replication via electron microscopy since the 1970s.


Premise: From where was von Braun transferred to go to NASA?

Hypothesis: Before the Apollo program began, Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket engineers had started work on plans for very large launch vehicles, the Saturn series, and the even larger Nova series.


Premise: On what service could the ESPN Deportes broadcast be streamed?

Hypothesis: CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players (such as Chromecast and Roku).


Premise: What were Tesla's sisters' names?

Hypothesis: In 1862, the Tesla family moved to Gospić, Austrian Empire, where Tesla's father worked as a pastor.


Premise: Where do transport vesicles move between?

Hypothesis: The small vesicles sometimes observed may serve as transport vesicles to shuttle stuff between the thylakoids and intermembrane space.


Premise: Who normally supervises a construction job?

Hypothesis: Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding, etc.


Premise: Where does the Rhine begin?

Hypothesis: The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km).


Premise: What did Protestant nobles form the following year after the signing of the Augsburg Confession?

Hypothesis: The Swiss cities, however, did not sign these agreements.


Premise: When was an extended episode of Doctor Who shown?

Hypothesis: As in the early "classic" era, each episode, whether standalone or part of a larger story, has its own title.


Premise: About how many of the Asian population was Hmong?

Hypothesis: Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.9% of the population.


Premise: What supplanted Frame Relay and X.25

Hypothesis: The same is true for Frame Relays DLCI.


Premise: What was NewcastleGateshead voted in 2006?

Hypothesis: NewcastleGateshead was voted in 2006 as the arts capital of the UK in a survey conducted by the Artsworld TV channel.


Premise: How far from the Yard is the Quad located?

Hypothesis: west-northwest of the State House in downtown Boston, and extends into the surrounding Harvard Square neighborhood.


Premise: What is the term for catching the motivation expressed by the teacher?

Hypothesis: The concept of mere exposure indicates that the teacher's enthusiasm may contribute to the student's expectations about intrinsic motivation in the context of learning.


Premise: What year was the only film version of Doctor Who shown?

Hypothesis: This is similar to the 1988 continuation of Mission Impossible, but differs from most other series relaunches which have either been reboots (for example, Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman[citation needed]) or set in the same universe as the original but in a different time period and with different characters (for example, Star Trek:


Premise: What does the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carslbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form?

Hypothesis: Of these metropolitan areas, the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan area, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan area, and Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropolitan area form Greater Los Angeles; while the El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos metropolitan area form the Southern Border Region.


Premise: Which of Luther's hymn was the main one for Advent?

Hypothesis: His "Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ" ("Praise be to You, Jesus Christ") became the main hymn for Christmas.


Premise: What did this help accomplish?

Hypothesis: The most important of these was the Swynnerton Plan, which was used to both reward loyalists and punish Mau Mau.


Premise: What is the least number of members a board of trustees can have?

Hypothesis: All UM churches must have a board of trustees with at least three members and no more than nine members and it is recommended that no gender should hold more than a 2/3 majority.


Premise: What are malum prohibitum considerations?

Hypothesis: Other legal requirements come from malum prohibitum considerations, or things that are a matter of custom or expectation, such as isolating businesses to a business district and residences to a residential district.


Premise: What other city has hosted the Super Bowl ten times?

Hypothesis: The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Premise: What city did Tesla move to in 1880?

Hypothesis: In January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospić for Prague where he was to study.


Premise: What is Kenya doing to determine if there are more reserves?

Hypothesis: Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves.


Premise: What is the name of the organization in charge of running the clubs at the university?

Hypothesis: Among notable RSOs are the nation's longest continuously running student film society Doc Films, organizing committee for the University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt, the twice-weekly student newspaper The Chicago Maroon, the alternative weekly student newspaper South Side Weekly, the nation's second oldest continuously running student improvisational theater troupe Off-Off Campus, and the university-owned radio station WHPK.


Premise: When was the City of Malindi established?

Hypothesis: Among the cities that line the Kenyan coast is the City of Malindi.


Premise: What song did Coldplay and Beyoncé collaborate on for the Super Bowl 50 halftime show?

Hypothesis: On December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay.


Premise: Who is subject to vetting?

Hypothesis: These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting "cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role".


Premise: What person argues that civil disobedience is used to describe everything?

Hypothesis: It has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased.


Premise: What could a teacher help in organizing?

Hypothesis: Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips, supervise study halls, help with the organization of school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities.


Premise: What are antimicrobial peptides that evolved as immune defense in eukaryotes called?

Hypothesis: Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections.


Premise: Where are teachers recruited from?

Hypothesis: In Germany, teachers are mainly civil servants recruited in special university classes, called Lehramtstudien (Teaching Education Studies).


Premise: What two factors can generally increase a teacher's salary?

Hypothesis: Teachers with more experience and higher education earn more than those with a standard bachelor's degree and certificate.


Premise: Who recovered the strip ball?

Hypothesis: On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned it five yards to the Panthers 4-yard line.


Premise: What has Islamism been increasingly interdependent with following the Arab Spring?

Hypothesis: Olivier Roy argues that "Sunni pan-Islamism underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century" when the Muslim Brotherhood movement and its focus on Islamisation of pan-Arabism was eclipsed by the Salafi movement with its emphasis on "sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions," and rejection of Shia Islam.


Premise: How many casualties did British get?

Hypothesis: It was attacked by French and Indian soldiers ambushing them from up in trees and behind logs.


Premise: Where do all trains going to Scotland stop at?

Hypothesis: First TransPennine Express operates services to Manchester and Liverpool.


Premise: What science fiction writer introduced the Doctor Who episodes for a period of time?

Hypothesis: TVOntario picked up the show in 1976 beginning with The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991.


Premise: What two member nations of the Holy Roman Empire received Huguenot refugees?

Hypothesis: They also spread beyond Europe to the Dutch Cape Colony in South Africa, the Dutch East Indies, the Caribbean, and several of the English colonies of North America, and Quebec, where they were accepted and allowed to worship freely.


Premise: In Sept 1760 who negotiated a capitulation from Montreal?

Hypothesis: The British provided medical treatment for the sick and wounded French soldiers and French regular troops were returned to France aboard British ships with an agreement that they were not to serve again in the present war.


Premise: How were most city officials elected in the 1960s?

Hypothesis: Jacksonville Consolidation, led by J. J. Daniel and Claude Yates, began to win more support during this period, from both inner city blacks, who wanted more involvement in government, and whites in the suburbs, who wanted more services and more control over the central city.


Premise: What was the name of the wife arranged for Temüjin by his father?

Hypothesis: His father arranged a marriage for him, and at nine years of age he was delivered by his father to the family of his future wife Börte, who was a member of the tribe Khongirad.


Premise: What does the Ten Commandments ask of the Christians?

Hypothesis: Luther's teaching of the Ten Commandments, therefore, has clear eschatological overtones, which, characteristically for Luther, do not encourage world-flight but direct the Christian to service to the neighbor in the common, daily vocations of this perishing world.


Premise: Where did two leaders join hands and "give birth" to a new denomination?

Hypothesis: On April 23, 1968, the United Methodist Church was created when the Evangelical United Brethren Church (represented by Bishop Reuben H. Mueller) and The Methodist Church (represented by Bishop Lloyd Christ Wicke) joined hands at the constituting General Conference in Dallas, Texas.


Premise: How many stations did ABC have affiliation agreements with in 2015?

Hypothesis: Since its inception, ABC has had many affiliated stations, which include WABC-TV and WPVI-TV, the first two stations to carry the network's programming.


Premise: What colors was the 2001 ABC logo?

Hypothesis: In 2000, ABC launched a web-based promotional campaign focused around its circle logo, also called "the dot", in which comic book character Little Dot prompted visitors to "download the dot", a program which would cause the ABC logo to fly around the screen and settle in the bottom-right corner.


Premise: What did the civil war leave the state of Afghanistan's economy in?

Hypothesis: In 1996, a more conservative and anti-democratic Islamist movement known as the Taliban rose to power, defeated most of the warlords and took over roughly 80% of Afghanistan.


Premise: What was Tesla's salary from Westinghouse in 1934?

Hypothesis: Starting in 1934, the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company began paying Tesla $125 per month as well as paying his rent at the Hotel New Yorker, expenses the Company would pay for the rest of Tesla's life.


Premise: Who took command of French in spring of 1753?

Hypothesis: Marin followed the route that Céloron had mapped out four years earlier, but where Céloron had limited the record of French claims to the burial of lead plates, Marin constructed and garrisoned forts.


Premise: The procedure continues until what?

Hypothesis: His or her role is to design the works, prepare the specifications and produce construction drawings, administer the contract, tender the works, and manage the works from inception to completion.


Premise: In what conditions were forces first measured historically?

Hypothesis: Such experiments demonstrate the crucial properties that forces are additive vector quantities: they have magnitude and direction.


Premise: Which town's massacre did Genghis Khan order in retribution for the treatment of his envoys?

Hypothesis: The Mongol army quickly seized the town of Otrar, relying on superior strategy and tactics.


Premise: Who was first appointed at the anchor of 20/20?

Hypothesis: In February 1979, ABC sold its recording division to MCA Inc. for $20 million; the label was discontinued by March 5 of that year, and all of its 300 employees were laid off (the rights to the works of ABC Records and all of MCA's other labels have since been acquired by Universal Music Group).


Premise: Was is the name of the Torchwood series that was mostly based in the US?

Hypothesis: The series was predominantly set in the United States, though Wales remained part of the show's setting.


Premise: What is Durinskia's chloroplast?

Hypothesis: The diatom endosymbiont's nucleus is present, but it probably can't be called a nucleomorph because it shows no sign of genome reduction, and might have even been expanded.


Premise: When did the KMJ-TV first broadcast?

Hypothesis: The very first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting was KMJ-TV, which debuted on June 1, 1953.


Premise: In what book did Betty Meggers describe the idea of the Amazon being sparsely populated?

Hypothesis: Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.


Premise: Who was reintroduced for the 50th Anniversary special?

Hypothesis: Davies' successor, Steven Moffat, has continued the trend by reviving the Silurians in series 5, Cybermats in series 6, the Great Intelligence and the Ice Warriors in Series 7, and Zygons in the 50th Anniversary Special.


Premise: When Sunday Night Football premiered, to which network did Monday Night Football move?

Hypothesis: According to Goldenson, Monday Night Football helped earn ABC regularly score an audience share of 15%–16%; ABC Sports managed the budget for the Monday night time slot to reallocate the weekly budget for ABC's prime time schedule to just six days, as opposed to seven on competing networks.


Premise: Approximately how many paintings comprise the museum's collections of South and South-East Asian art?

Hypothesis: The Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art, opened in 1991, contains art from about 500 BC to the 19th century.


Premise: On what date was oxygen liquefied in a stable form?

Hypothesis: Oxygen was liquified in stable state for the first time on March 29, 1883 by Polish scientists from Jagiellonian University, Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski.


Premise: How tall is the Bank of America Tower?

Hypothesis: It has a height of 617 ft (188 m) and includes 42 floors.


Premise: What did the Warsaw Confederation formally establish in 1573?

Hypothesis: In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation, formally establishing religious freedom in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.


Premise: What health problem did Tesla have in 1879?

Hypothesis: In December 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school.


Premise: How many volumes does the John Crerar Library roughly hold?

Hypothesis: The John Crerar Library contains more than 1.3 million volumes in the biological, medical and physical sciences and collections in general science and the philosophy and history of science, medicine, and technology.


Premise: When did Henry issue the Edict of Nantes?

Hypothesis: The Edict reaffirmed Catholicism as the state religion of France, but granted the Protestants equality with Catholics under the throne and a degree of religious and political freedom within their domains.


Premise: What did Davies call his system

Hypothesis: He called it packet switching, a more accessible name than Baran's, and proposed to build a nationwide network in the UK.


Premise: What has a classification system for construction companies?

Hypothesis: The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or otherwise engage in construction.


Premise: What type of sanctions has the US directed at Iran?

Hypothesis: The Islamic Republic has also maintained its hold on power in Iran in spite of US economic sanctions, and has created or assisted like-minded Shia terrorist groups in Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan (SCIRI) and Lebanon (Hezbollah) (two Muslim countries that also have large Shiite populations).


Premise: When was free primary school introduced?

Hypothesis: In January 2003, the Government of Kenya announced the introduction of free primary education.


Premise: What lineage is Karenia in?

Hypothesis: Karlodinium and Karenia probably took up different heterokontophytes.


Premise: What nationality was Konstantin Mereschkowski?

Hypothesis: This origin of chloroplasts was first suggested by the Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905 after Andreas Schimper observed in 1883 that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria.


Premise: What new name was given to the media day?

Hypothesis: Alongside the traditional media availabilities, the event featured an opening ceremony with player introductions on a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge.


Premise: In which year did the Sackler Center open?

Hypothesis: He designed to the north west of the garden the five-storey School for Naval Architects (also known as the science schools), now the Henry Cole Wing in 1867–72.


Premise: What's the name of Newcastle's gay club scene?

Hypothesis: Newcastle's gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle' - is centred on the Times Square area near the Centre for Life and has a range of bars, cafés and clubs.


Premise: The theatre collection starts from the time of which famous Elizabethan playwright?

Hypothesis: They hold the UK's biggest national collection of material about live performance in the UK since Shakespeare's day, covering drama, dance, musical theatre, circus, music hall, rock and pop, and most other forms of live entertainment.


Premise: How much imported oil came from the Middle East?

Hypothesis: 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970.


Premise: What was the king's first approach to the Huguenots?

Hypothesis: At first he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Catholicism.


Premise: Why did the exiled Polish government in London order the underground Home Army to seize control of Warsaw prior to the arrival of the Red Army?

Hypothesis: Knowing that Stalin was hostile to the idea of an independent Poland,


Premise: Blue ribbons in the logo were used to represent which division of ABC?

Hypothesis: Red ribbons were used to represent the entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News.


Premise: The UMC understands itself to be part of what church?

Hypothesis: The United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of the holy catholic (or universal) church and it recognizes the historic ecumenical creeds, the Apostle's Creed and the Nicene Creed; which are used frequently in services of worship.


Premise: Who first fully explained the origins of magnetic and electric fields?

Hypothesis: These "Maxwell Equations" fully described the sources of the fields as being stationary and moving charges, and the interactions of the fields themselves.


Premise: What Revolutionary War midnight rider was a Huguenot descendant?

Hypothesis: Paul Revere was descended from Huguenot refugees, as was Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation for South Carolina; Jack Jouett, who made the ride from Cuckoo Tavern to warn Thomas Jefferson and others that Tarleton and his men were on their way to arrest him for crimes against the king; Francis Marion, and a number of other leaders of the American Revolution and later statesmen.


Premise: What natural resources did the Chinese government have a monopoly on?

Hypothesis: Kublai's Chinese advisers still wielded significant power in the government, but their official rank was nebulous.


Premise: In what episode was the Fifth Doctor confirmed?

Hypothesis: In the 2013 episode "The Time of the Doctor," the Eleventh Doctor clarified he was the product of the twelfth regeneration, due to a previous incarnation which he chose not to count and one other aborted regeneration.


Premise: In what year did a Doctor first become nominated for a Best Actor award?

Hypothesis: The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005–2010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies' tenure as executive producer.


Premise: Where did British settlers live?

Hypothesis: Nova Scotia, which had been captured from France in 1713, still had a significant French-speaking population.


Premise: What weapon does Spike Milligan use against a Dalek?

Hypothesis: Milligan, naked, hurls a soap sponge at it) and Lenny Henry.


Premise: Where did Apollo 1's crew conduct tests at Kennedy Space Center?

Hypothesis: They trained and conducted tests of their spacecraft at North American, and in the altitude chamber at the Kennedy Space Center.


Premise: what was Tesla's financial situation after being forced out?

Hypothesis: He even lost control of the patents he had generated since he had assigned them to the company in lieu of stock.


Premise: When was Europe's last major epidemic?

Hypothesis: In 1709–13, a plague epidemic that followed the Great Northern War (1700–21, Sweden v. Russia and allies) killed about 100,000 in Sweden, and 300,000 in Prussia.


Premise: Tension, compression, and drag are what kind of forces?

Hypothesis: For certain physical scenarios, it is impossible to model forces as being due to gradient of potentials.


Premise: What were the three parts of Kublai's government?

Hypothesis: This government adopted the traditional Chinese tripartite division of authority among civil, military, and censorial offices, including the Central Secretariat (Zhongshu Sheng) to manage civil affairs, the Privy Council (Chinese: 樞密院) to manage military affairs, and the Censorate to conduct internal surveillance and inspection.


Premise: Who played the Master in the 1996 TV movie?

Hypothesis: The Master returned in the 1996 television movie of Doctor Who, and was played by American actor Eric Roberts.


Premise: What was the style of Luther's salute at the end of his speech?

Hypothesis: At the end of this speech, Luther raised his arm "in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout."


Premise: Who were the first two actors that played Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: This included many old episodes of Doctor Who, mostly stories featuring the first two Doctors: William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton.


Premise: What percentage of oxygen is usually supplied by a medical mask?

Hypothesis: This is not a problem except for patients on mechanical ventilators, since gas supplied through oxygen masks in medical applications is typically composed of only 30%–50%


Premise: What was William Johnson's Iroquois name?

Hypothesis: The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson in upstate New York.


Premise: What were the reasons why residents moved to the town of Fresno Station?

Hypothesis: Soon there was a store around the station and the store grew the town of Fresno Station, later called Fresno.


Premise: Gosforth and Byker are the largest shopping areas of what type?

Hypothesis: Outside the city centre, the largest suburban shopping areas are Gosforth and Byker.


Premise: Approximately how many images were digitized during the first year of the digitization project?

Hypothesis: The first step of the Factory Project was to take photographs utilizing digital cameras.


Premise: What theologian differed in views about the soul from Luther?

Hypothesis: The Lutheran theologian Franz Pieper observed that Luther's teaching about the state of the Christian's soul after death differed from the later Lutheran theologians such as Johann Gerhard.


Premise: What are two official bodies of the UMC governing coalition?

Hypothesis: The church cautions that "Governmental laws and regulations do not provide all the guidance required by the informed Christian conscience."


Premise: How many segments did the special originally have?

Hypothesis: In 1999, another special, Doctor Who and the Curse of Fatal Death, was made for Comic Relief and later released on VHS.


Premise: How many elements did Aristotle believe the terrestrial sphere to be made up of?

Hypothesis: In Aristotle's view, the terrestrial sphere contained four elements that come to rest at different "natural places" therein.


Premise: Who claimed that the name Black Death first appeared in 1631?

Hypothesis: In England, it was not until 1823 that the medieval epidemic was first called the Black Death.


Premise: What company owns the American Broadcasting Company?

Hypothesis: The network is part of the Big Three television networks.


Premise: For what type of music was Doctor Who considered a pioneer?

Hypothesis: In 2013, the Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody "for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe."


Premise: How many inhabitants did Betty Meggers believe could occupy each square kilometre of the Amazon?

Hypothesis: She claimed that a population density of 0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi) is the maximum that can be sustained in the rainforest through hunting, with agriculture needed to host a larger population.


Premise: Who inspects the building periodically to ensure that the construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code?

Hypothesis: During the construction of a building, the municipal building inspector inspects the building periodically to ensure that the construction adheres to the approved plans and the local building code.


Premise: How is circuit switching allocated

Hypothesis: In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages.


Premise: Who got a safe conduct pass for Luther to come and leave the event?

Hypothesis: This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, a town on the Rhine.


Premise: When was the Russian Policy "Indigenization" defunded?

Hypothesis: Beginning in 1923, the policy of "Indigenization" [korenizatsiia] was intended to support non-Russians develop their national cultures within a socialist framework.


Premise: After the negotiations were done what did Luther experience?

Hypothesis: After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains.


Premise: The UMC understands itself to be part of what church?

Hypothesis: It upholds the concept of the "visible and invisible Church," meaning that all who are truly believers in every age belong to the holy Church invisible, while the United Methodist Church is a branch of the Church visible, to which all believers must be connected as it is the only institution wherein the Word of God is preached and the Sacraments are administered.


Premise: Southern California is second to which island in terms of famous serf breaks?

Hypothesis: Some of the world's legendary surf spots are in southern California as well, including Trestles, Rincon, The Wedge, Huntington Beach, and Malibu, and it is second only to the island of Oahu in terms of famous surf breaks.


Premise: The price of oil is usually a stable commodity until when?

Hypothesis: The substantial price increases of 1973–1974 largely returned their prices and corresponding incomes to Bretton Woods levels in terms of commodities such as gold.


Premise: What is the upper range of annual fees for non-boarding students in British public schools?

Hypothesis: Fees range from under £3,000 to £21,000 and above per year for day pupils, rising to £27,000+ per year for boarders.


Premise: What does the template for bills passed by the Scottish Parliament include?

Hypothesis: However he cannot do so until a 4-week period has elapsed, during which the Law Officers of the Scottish Government or UK Government can refer the bill to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom for a ruling on whether it is within the powers of the Parliament.


Premise: Photosynthesis uses which energy to for oxygen from water?

Hypothesis: Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water.


Premise: Where in Dundee will the gallery be located?

Hypothesis: The V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay, Dundee City Council and the Scottish Government with a view to opening a new £43 million gallery in Dundee that would use the V&A brand although it would be funded through and operated independently.


Premise: What profession does Simon Kuznets have?

Hypothesis: As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality.


Premise: What storm had the most significant impact on Jacksonville?

Hypothesis: Jacksonville has suffered less damage from hurricanes than most other east coast cities, although the threat does exist for a direct hit by a major hurricane.