Premise: In which year was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of gems was bequeathed to the museum?

Hypothesis: Other items in the collection include diamond dress ornaments made for Catherine the Great, bracelet clasps once belonging to Marie Antoinette, and the Beauharnais emerald necklace presented by Napoleon to his adopted daughter Hortense de Beauharnais in 1806.


Premise: Who was Margaret's husband?

Hypothesis: King Malcolm III of Scotland married Edgar's sister Margaret, and came into opposition to William who had already disputed Scotland's southern borders.


Premise: When did Luther write an extreme treatise against the Jews?

Hypothesis: His 1543 treatise Von den Juden und


Premise: What entity began producing television series for ABC in 1962?

Hypothesis: Since the 1950s, ABC has had two main production facilities: the ABC Television Center (now The Prospect Studios) on Prospect Avenue in Hollywood, California, shared with the operations of KABC-TV until 1999; and the ABC Television Center, East, a set of studios located throughout the New York City.


Premise: What type of mixture was created to replace the pure oxygen atmosphere inside the cabin?

Hypothesis: To remedy the causes of the fire, changes were made in the Block II spacecraft and operational procedures, the most important of which were use of a nitrogen/oxygen mixture instead of pure oxygen before and during launch, and removal of flammable cabin and space suit materials.


Premise: In addition to schools, where else is popularly based authority effective?

Hypothesis: Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike.


Premise: Who founded Woodward Park?

Hypothesis: In the north eastern part of Fresno, Woodward Park was founded by the late Ralph Woodward, a long-time Fresno resident.


Premise: What leads to lower income inequality?

Hypothesis: As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality.


Premise: How many customaries does Norman customary law have?

Hypothesis: Norman customary law was transcribed in two customaries in Latin by two judges for use by them and their colleagues: These are the Très ancien coutumier (Very ancient customary), authored between 1200 and 1245; and the Grand coutumier de Normandie (Great customary of Normandy, originally Summa de legibus Normanniae in curia laïcali), authored between 1235 and 1245.


Premise: Who wanted to acquire patents an AC motor.

Hypothesis: Engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company reported to George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system — something for which Westinghouse had been trying to secure patents.


Premise: How many companies were part of the Quickbooks contest?

Hypothesis: QuickBooks sponsored a "Small Business Big Game" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks.


Premise: When did Europe slowly begin to warm up from the last Ice Age?

Hypothesis: With globally shrinking ice-cover, ocean water levels rose and the English Channel and North Sea re-inundated.


Premise: What other city has hosted the Super Bowl ten times?

Hypothesis: The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.


Premise: What field type is usually chosen for Super Bowl games?

Hypothesis: As is customary for Super Bowl games played at natural grass stadiums, the NFL re-sodded the field with a new playing surface; a hybrid Bermuda 419 turf.


Premise: Which NFL team represented the AFC at Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title.


Premise: At what size and larger can drugs elicit a neutralizing immune response?

Hypothesis: Larger drugs (>500 Da) can provoke a neutralizing immune response, particularly if the drugs are administered repeatedly, or in larger doses.


Premise: What did Baran develop during research at RAND

Hypothesis: The work focuses on three key ideas: use of a decentralized network with multiple paths between any two points, dividing user messages into message blocks, later called packets, and delivery of these messages by store and forward switching.


Premise: What does Kitab Rudjdjar mean in English?

Hypothesis: Fatimid Egypt as well as the Crusader states in the Levant.


Premise: Imperialism extends a country's power and what?

Hypothesis: " Imperialism is particularly focused on the control that one group, often a state power, has on another group of people.


Premise: What book was Iqbal's seven English lectures published as?

Hypothesis: While dividing his time between law practice and philosophical poetry, Iqbal had remained active in the Muslim League.


Premise: What did Tesla spend Astor's money on?

Hypothesis: In 1899, John Jacob Astor IV invested $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system.


Premise: What other reason caused poor supply of New France from a difficult winter?

Hypothesis: The situation in New France was further exacerbated by a poor harvest in 1757, a difficult winter, and the allegedly corrupt machinations of François Bigot, the intendant of the territory.


Premise: Which husband and wife modern furniture design team are represented in the V&A furniture collection?

Hypothesis: The work of modernists in the collection include Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer, Charles and Ray Eames, and Giò Ponti.


Premise: What type of professionals are pharmacists?

Hypothesis: Pharmacists may also be small-business proprietors, owning the pharmacy in which they practice.


Premise: What are the two major subsystems of the immune system?

Hypothesis: In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.


Premise: What was Fort Caroline renamed to after the Spanish attack?

Hypothesis: The Spanish renamed the fort San Mateo, and following the ejection of the French, St. Augustine's position as the most important settlement in Florida was solidified.


Premise: how many yards did Newton get for passes in the 2015 season?

Hypothesis: The Panthers backfield featured Pro Bowl running back Jonathan Stewart, who led the team with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns in 13 games, along with Pro Bowl fullback Mike Tolbert, who rushed for 256 yards and caught 18 passes for another 154 yards.


Premise: What did he do to his feet at night?

Hypothesis: For exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day.


Premise: What is PPP?

Hypothesis: New forms include partnering such as Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka private finance initiatives (PFIs) and alliances such as "pure" or "project" alliances and "impure" or "strategic" alliances.


Premise: Where does the Delta in the Netherlands begin?

Hypothesis: The Rhine-Meuse Delta, the most important natural region of the Netherlands begins near Millingen aan de Rijn, close to the Dutch-German border with the division of the Rhine into Waal and Nederrijn.


Premise: What is the potential earnings for a job where there are few skilled workers but many available positions?

Hypothesis: A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage for that job.


Premise: What famous person congratulated him?

Hypothesis: He received congratulatory letters from more than 70 pioneers in science and engineering, including Albert Einstein.


Premise: On what date did Henry Kissinger negotiate an Israeli troop withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula?

Hypothesis: By January 18, 1974, US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had negotiated an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula.


Premise: When was the University Library founded?

Hypothesis: As the university garden it is open to the public every day.


Premise: What does the UN want to stabilize?

Hypothesis: The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic [i.e., human-induced] interference with the climate system".


Premise: What was the Song dynasty's capital?

Hypothesis: Kublai captured the Song capital of Hangzhou in 1276, the wealthiest city of China.


Premise: Informal imperialism is still dominant; however, less what?

Hypothesis: Informal imperialism" is less direct; however, it is still a powerful form of dominance.


Premise: For about how long would the extended LM allow a surface stay on the moon?

Hypothesis: An Extended Lunar Module weighed over 36,200 pounds (16,400 kg), and allowed surface stays of over 3 days.


Premise: What is the Dutch word for the Amazon rainforest?

Hypothesis: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America.


Hypothesis: Imperialism is defined as "A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.


Premise: At what wavelength do the spectrophotometric bands peak?

Hypothesis: Oxygen presents two spectrophotometric absorption bands peaking at the wavelengths 687 and 760 nm.


Premise: How much gun powder was destroyed in attack?

Hypothesis: Scouts had reported the weakness of the British supply chain, so he ordered an attack against the forts Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry.


Premise: what other digital TV service took Sky UK Limited's most popular spot?

Hypothesis: It was the UK's most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007.


Premise: What is another term for shortening the admission event?

Hypothesis: Most however have a reversing mechanism which additionally can provide means for saving steam as speed and momentum are gained by gradually "shortening the cutoff" or rather, shortening the admission event; this in turn proportionately lengthens the expansion period.


Premise: How did the Kikuyu people live?

Hypothesis: The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people, most of whom had no land claims in European terms and lived as itinerant farmers.


Premise: What is Engineering News-Record?

Hypothesis: They publish a list of the largest companies in the United States (Top-40) and also a list the largest global firms (Top-250, by amount of work they are doing outside their home country).


Premise: Where did two of Triton's daughters set out on a journey through?

Hypothesis: One of them decided to stay on the coast of Denmark and can be seen sitting at the entrance to the port of Copenhagen.


Premise: What school did he enroll in during 1875?

Hypothesis: In 1875, Tesla enrolled at Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria, on a Military Frontier scholarship.


Premise: As a norm, what day of the week is the traditional Media Day held prior to a Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: The game's media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night.


Premise: What percentage of Victorians are Christian?

Hypothesis: Victoria is also home of 152,775 Muslims and 45,150 Jews.


Premise: When did Tesla move to New York City?

Hypothesis: In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57–60 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side.


Premise: Which actor was a replacement for Doctor Who due to the illness of the main actor?

Hypothesis: For two performances, while Pertwee was ill, David Banks (better known for playing Cybermen) played the Doctor.


Premise: Which department houses the works on paper of the costume collection?

Hypothesis: Costume sketches, design notebooks, and other works on paper are typically held by the Word and Image department.


Premise: which years did tesla refer to as a time of terrible headaches and bitter tears?

Hypothesis: Tesla considered the winter of 1886/1887 as a time of "terrible headaches and bitter tears."


Premise: What year did AGOA take effect?

Hypothesis: Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the US Government's African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years.


Premise: What does high inequality go hand-in-hand with?

Hypothesis: He points out that nations with high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia, have very low levels of inequality, and concludes "the historical pattern is clear; the cross-national pattern is clear: high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-versa."


Premise: What kind of diseases do drugs target apicoplasts for?

Hypothesis: This makes the apicoplast an attractive target for drugs to cure apicomplexan-related diseases.


Premise: Where can one find the formerly Huguenot farms in South Africa?

Hypothesis: The wine industry in South Africa owes a significant debt to the Huguenots, some of whom had vineyards in France, or were brandy distillers, and used their skills in their new home.


Premise: Other than the 1980s, in which decade did most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties develop?

Hypothesis: The cities and communities along Interstate 15 and Interstate 215 are so inter-related that Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire.


Premise: What can hurt a teacher's mental and physical health?

Hypothesis: Teachers face several occupational hazards in their line of work, including occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance.


Premise: What does ABC on Demand disallow for online viewers?

Hypothesis: In addition, ABC on Demand (like the video-on-demand television services provided by the other U.S. broadcast networks) disallows fast forwarding of accessed content.


Premise: How much did Walt Disney want ABC to invest in Disneyland?

Hypothesis: Walt Disney and his brother Roy contacted Goldenson at the end of 1953 for ABC to agree to finance part of the Disneyland project in exchange for producing a television program for the network.


Premise: Besides drugs, what else do specialty pharmacies provide?

Hypothesis: In addition to supplying these drugs, specialty pharmacies also provide lab monitoring, adherence counseling, and assist patients with cost-containment strategies needed to obtain their expensive specialty drugs.


Premise: What signer of the Articles of Confederation was descended from Huguenots?

Hypothesis: The Society has chapters in numerous states, with the one in Texas being the largest.


Premise: What led to protests and open discrediting of the ECK?

Hypothesis: As the ECK continued to count the votes, Kibaki closed the gap and then overtook his opponent by a substantial margin after votes from his stronghold arrived later.


Premise: What is one example of what a clinical pharmacist's duties entail?

Hypothesis: The clinical pharmacist's role involves creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals of therapy, and reviewing all prescribed medications prior to dispensing and administration to the patient.


Premise: Which Super Bowl halftime show did Beyoncé headline?

Hypothesis: It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.


Premise: What present-day area was this settlement near?

Hypothesis: In 1562, naval officer Jean Ribault led an expedition that explored Florida and the present-day Southeastern U.S., and founded the outpost of Charlesfort on Parris Island, South Carolina.


Premise: What radio station do the students of Newcastle's two universities run?

Hypothesis: Newcastle Student Radio is run by students from both of the city's universities, broadcasting from Newcastle University's student's union building during term time.


Premise: Where did France win a war in the 1950's

Hypothesis: Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French leader at the time, Charles de Gaulle, decided to grant Algeria independence anyway in 1962.


Premise: Who first fully explained the origins of magnetic and electric fields?

Hypothesis: The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs.


Premise: Along with the Anglican Church and Uniting Church, what religious denomination operates private schools in Australia?

Hypothesis: Although most are non-aligned, some of the best known independent schools also belong to the large, long-established religious foundations, such as the Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church, but in most cases, they do not insist on their students’ religious allegiance.


Premise: In what year did Harvard Stadium become the first ever concrete reinforced stadium in the country?

Hypothesis: In 1903, Harvard Stadium introduced a new era into football with the first-ever permanent reinforced concrete stadium of its kind in the country.


Premise: Who was this season's NFL MVP?

Hypothesis: They joined the Patriots, Dallas Cowboys, and Pittsburgh Steelers as one of four teams that have made eight appearances in the Super Bowl.


Premise: What weapons were the Zulus using during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879?

Hypothesis: This technology gave European armies an advantage over their opponents, as armies in less-developed countries were still fighting with arrows, swords, and leather shields (e.g. the Zulus in Southern Africa during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879).


Premise: When was the Riemann hypothesis proposed?

Hypothesis: The unproven Riemann hypothesis, dating from 1859, states that except for s = −2, −4, ..., all zeroes of the ζ-function have real part equal to 1/2.


Premise: What is the full official city name of Warsaw?

Hypothesis: Warsaw's name in the Polish language is Warszawa, approximately /vɑːrˈʃɑːvə/


Premise: When did the series of strikes happen?

Hypothesis: Despite being relatively unaffected by the embargo, the UK nonetheless faced an oil crisis of its own - a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973–74 became a major factor in the change of government.


Premise: When was the FIS founded?

Hypothesis: Founded as a broad Islamist coalition in 1989 it was led by Abbassi Madani, and a charismatic Islamist young preacher, Ali Belhadj.


Premise: What resource was mined in the Newcastle area?

Hypothesis: The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the River Tyne, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres.


Premise: When was San Francisco voted to be the location for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985, and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego in 2003.


Premise: What do rules about conflict of interest involving doctors diagnosing patients resemble?

Hypothesis: Otherwise, the physician has a financial self-interest in "diagnosing" as many conditions as possible, and in exaggerating their seriousness, because he or she can then sell more medications to the patient.


Premise: How many seats does Victoria have in the Australian House of Representatives?

Hypothesis: Politically, Victoria has 37 seats in the Australian House of Representatives and 12 seats in the Australian Senate.


Premise: Where are the specialized cells that eliminate cells that recognize self-antigens located?

Hypothesis: Under normal circumstances, many T cells and antibodies react with "self" peptides.


Premise: Along with English and mathematics, what subject replaced values education for fourth year students?

Hypothesis: Government regulations have given private education more flexibility and autonomy in recent years, notably by lifting the moratorium on applications for new courses, new schools and conversions, by liberalizing tuition fee policy for private schools, by replacing values education for third and fourth years with English, mathematics and natural science at the option of the school, and by issuing the revised Manual of Regulations for Private Schools in August 1992.


Premise: Who created the nation's first aviation community?

Hypothesis: Sierra Sky Park was the first aviation community to be built[citation needed] and there are now numerous such communities across the United States and around the world.


Premise: How many divisions make up the academics of the university?

Hypothesis: The college's academics are divided into five divisions: the Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, the Physical Sciences Collegiate Division, the Social Sciences Collegiate Division, the Humanities Collegiate Division, and the New Collegiate Division.


Premise: Who was the game's leading rusher?

Hypothesis: Anderson was the game's leading rusher with 90 yards and a touchdown, along with four receptions for 10 yards.


Premise: What was incorporated to help slow the CM's decent back to Earth?

Hypothesis: Parachutes were carried to slow its descent to splashdown.


Premise: Who became king in 1643?

Hypothesis: Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them.


Premise: What is composed of the Area Provost/Dean ad the several District Superintendents of the Districts in the Annual Conference?

Hypothesis: All clergy appointments are made and fixed annually by the resident bishop on the advice of the Annual Conference Cabinet, which is composed of the Area Provost/Dean (if one is appointed) and the several District Superintendents of the Districts of the Annual Conference.


Premise: What was the Italian title of Polo's book?

Hypothesis: The account of his travels, Il milione (or, The Million, known in English as the Travels of Marco Polo), appeared about the year 1299.


Premise: Other than San Bernardino, which other developed southern Californian city is not in close proximity to the coast?

Hypothesis: Many of southern California's most developed cities lie along or in close proximity to the coast, with the exception of San Bernardino and Riverside.


Premise: What Huguenot area is designated as a historical landmark?

Hypothesis: A small group of Huguenots also settled on the south shore of Staten Island along the New York Harbor, for which the current neighborhood of Huguenot was named.


Premise: Where did most chloroplasts come from?

Hypothesis: While most chloroplasts originate from that first set of endosymbiotic events, Paulinella chromatophora is an exception that acquired a photosynthetic cyanobacterial endosymbiont more recently.


Premise: How old was Katharina when she married Luther?

Hypothesis: Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523, when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels. "


Premise: If a detention asks the student to write, what do they write?

Hypothesis: During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay, or sit quietly.


Premise: Besides fats, fatty acids, and amino acids,what other organic compounds contain oxygen?

Hypothesis: Of the organic compounds with biological relevance, carbohydrates contain the largest proportion by mass of oxygen.


Premise: What year was the first class taught at the University of Chicago?

Hypothesis: Founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890; William Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891, and the first classes were held in 1892.


Premise: How many solo tackles did Von Miller make at Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed.


Premise: What are ctenophora commonly known as?

Hypothesis: Ctenophora (/tᵻˈnɒfərə/; singular ctenophore, /ˈtɛnəfɔːr/ or /ˈtiːnəfɔːr/; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide.


Premise: Telnet was sold to

Hypothesis: It initially used ARPANET technology but changed the host interface to X.25 and the terminal interface to X.29.


Premise: Which video gaming company debuted their ad for the first time during Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: It was also the final year that Doritos, a longtime sponsor of the game, held its "Crash the Super Bowl" contest that allowed viewers to create their own Doritos ads for a chance to have it aired during the game.


Premise: Barro found there is little relation between income inequality and rates of what?

Hypothesis: A study of Swedish counties between 1960 and 2000 found a positive impact of inequality on growth with lead times of five years or less, but no correlation after ten years.


Premise: The long tentacles on the pleurbrachia are protected by what?

Hypothesis: Some species of cydippids have bodies that are flattened to various extents, so that they are wider in the plane of the tentacles.


Premise: To Luther, what were all baptized Christians considered to be?

Hypothesis: His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood.


Premise: What was used to create a new electromagnetic theory to reconcile the troubles with electromagnetic theory as it used to stand?

Hypothesis: Through the work of leading theoretical physicists, a new theory of electromagnetism was developed using quantum mechanics.


Premise: How many counties initially made up the definition of southern California?

Hypothesis: In 1900, the Los Angeles Times defined southern California as including "the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara."


Premise: Where can the complexity classes RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, and PH be located?

Hypothesis: If P is not equal to NP, then P is not equal to PSPACE either.


Premise: During what decade did the campus start to look more modern?

Hypothesis: After the 1940s, the Gothic style on campus began to give way to modern styles.


Premise: How many organizations issued the joint statement on climate change?

Hypothesis: The TAR has also been endorsed by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, and European Geosciences Union (refer to "Endorsements of the IPCC").


Premise: What was Tymnet

Hypothesis: Tymnet was an international data communications network headquartered in San Jose, CA that utilized virtual call packet switched technology and used X.25,


Premise: How many languages did Tesla know?

Hypothesis: Often, the visions were linked to a word or idea he might have come across; at other times they would provide the solution to a particular problem he had encountered.


Premise: When did the Herald Tribune publish its Tesla article?

Hypothesis: Tesla said he could feel a sharp stinging pain where it entered his body, and again at the place where it passed out."


Premise: How did Genghis Khan describe himself to the people of Bukhara?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan had the city's surviving population assemble in the main mosque of the town, where he declared that he was the flail of God, sent to punish them for their sins.


Premise: What type of group is The Islamic State?

Hypothesis: "The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria.


Premise: In what year did developers Billings & Meyering acquire the Alta Vista Tract?

Hypothesis: The Alta Vista Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation, and was officially platted in 1911.


Premise: What effect did Genghis Khan's career have on communication and trade across Asia?

Hypothesis: This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia, thus expanding the horizons of all three cultural areas.


Premise: During 2012-2013, how many student were able to take the Core classes at a single time?

Hypothesis: As of the 2013–2014 school year, 15 courses and demonstrated proficiency in a foreign language are required under the Core.


Premise: What are the most passes that Greg Olsen has had?

Hypothesis: The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections.


Premise: What seldom used term of a unit of force equal to 1000 pound s of force?

Hypothesis: Other arcane units of force include the sthène, which is equivalent to 1000 N, and the kip, which is equivalent to 1000 lbf.


Premise: Who else did DATNET 1 refer to

Hypothesis: Although this use of the name was incorrect all these services were managed by the same people within one department of KPN contributed to the confusion.


Premise: How do chloroplasts reproduce?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts are highly dynamic—they circulate and are moved around within plant cells, and occasionally pinch in two to reproduce.


Premise: When did the Ottoman Empire fall?

Hypothesis: The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that lasted from 1299 to 1923.


Premise: What are two factors that directly effect how powerful a Turing machine may or may not be?

Hypothesis: Many types of Turing machines are used to define complexity classes, such as deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines, non-deterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines.


Premise: What is the first major bend in the Rhine called?

Hypothesis: In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North.


Premise: As of January 2016 how many digits does the largest known prime consist of?

Hypothesis: As of January 2016[update], the largest known prime number has 22,338,618 decimal digits.


Premise: What is an alternate way to make starch?

Hypothesis: Alternatively, glucose monomers in the chloroplast can be linked together to make starch, which accumulates into the starch grains found in the chloroplast.


Premise: Where did the congregation at St. George's initially meet in 1767?

Hypothesis: St. George's United Methodist Church, located at the corner of 4th and New Streets, in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States, beginning in 1769.


Premise: What was the other finalist besides Levi's Stadium?

Hypothesis: The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.


Premise: On what date was Victoria declared independent from New South Wales?

Hypothesis: On 1 July 1851, writs were issued for the election of the first Victorian Legislative Council, and the absolute independence of Victoria from New South Wales was established proclaiming a new Colony of Victoria.


Premise: How are the particle forces and accelerations explained as by gauge bosons exchange?

Hypothesis: In modern particle physics, forces and the acceleration of particles are explained as a mathematical by-product of exchange of momentum-carrying gauge bosons.


Premise: What South Korean car manufacturer purchased the factor in 1995?

Hypothesis: In 2005 the factory was sold to AvtoZAZ, a Ukrainian car manufacturer which assembled there the Chevrolet Aveo.


Premise: In what constituent country of the United Kingdom is Merthyr Tydfil located?

Hypothesis: Trevithick visited the Newcastle area later in 1804 and the colliery railways in north-east England became the leading centre for experimentation and development of steam locomotives.


Premise: When were the Normans in Normandy?

Hypothesis: They were descended from Norse ("Norman" comes from "Norseman") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia.


Premise: How long did it take to improve on Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion?

Hypothesis: With his mathematical insight, Sir Isaac Newton formulated laws of motion that were not improved-on for nearly three hundred years.


Premise: To which technology type that Tesla worked on did the caption refer to?

Hypothesis: The cover caption "All the world's his power house" noted his contribution to electrical power generation.


Premise: Which country rationed gasoline and heating gas?

Hypothesis: Sweden rationed gasoline and heating oil.


Premise: The average contractor hired how many employees?

Hypothesis: As of 2005, there were about 667,000 firms employing 1 million contractors (200,000 general contractors, 38,000 heavy, and 432,000 specialty); the average contractor employed fewer than 10 employees.


Premise: When did Zhu publish 'Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns'?

Hypothesis: Zhu used a method of elimination to reduce the simultaneous equations to a single equation with only one unknown.


Premise: Who is the university accredited by?

Hypothesis: The academic bodies of the University of Chicago consist of the College, four divisions of graduate research and seven professional schools.


Premise: How many ACL injuries has Thomas Davis had during his career?

Hypothesis: Carolina suffered a major setback when Thomas Davis, an 11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game.


Premise: Who was the 4th to rule the Yuan dynasty?

Hypothesis: The fourth Yuan emperor, Buyantu Khan (Ayurbarwada), was a competent emperor.


Premise: How many times was Cam Newton sacked?

Hypothesis: Newton was limited by Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown.


Premise: What are public schools in Victoria?

Hypothesis: Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education .


Premise: Who calculated the speed of light?

Hypothesis: " Luis Walter Alvarez, Murray Gell-Mann who introduced the quark, second female Nobel laureate Maria Goeppert-Mayer, the youngest American winner of the Nobel Prize Tsung-Dao Lee, and astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.


Premise: What was Iqbal studying in England and Germany?

Hypothesis: Iqbal's seven English lectures were published by Oxford University press in 1934 in a book titled The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam.


Premise: Who are FDA laws against importing medications aimed at?

Hypothesis: While in most cases importation of prescription medications violates Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and federal laws, enforcement is generally targeted at international drug suppliers, rather than consumers.


Premise: What injury did Thomas Davis suffer during the playoff games?

Hypothesis: Despite this, he insisted he would still find a way to play in the Super Bowl.


Premise: What did this affair cause to Luther's reputation?

Hypothesis: The affair caused lasting damage to Luther's reputation.


Premise: Which Doctors were highlighted on the first audio releases on CD?

Hypothesis: Since 1999, Big Finish Productions has released several different series of Doctor Who audios on CD.


Premise: What happens to the jellyfish nematocysts when they are eaten by the haeckelia?

Hypothesis: Members of the genus Haeckelia prey on jellyfish and incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles instead of colloblasts.


Premise: What body has stated that physicians can also dispense drugs under specific conditions?

Hypothesis: Code of Ethics provides that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices as long as there is no patient exploitation and patients have the right to a written prescription that can be filled elsewhere.


Premise: What date was Super Bowl Opening Night held?

Hypothesis: The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center in San Jose.


Premise: Where do most plants have chloroplasts?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts can also be found in the bundle sheath cells of a leaf, especially in C4 plants, which carry out the Calvin cycle in their bundle sheath cells.


Premise: What was the topic of the error?

Hypothesis: The IPCC needs to look at this trend in the errors and ask why it happened".


Premise: What had the Yuan used to print its money before bronze plates?

Hypothesis: The Yuan government used woodblocks to print paper money, but switched to bronze plates in 1275.


Premise: How long were the fighters of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising able to hold out?

Hypothesis: Despite being heavily outgunned and outnumbered, the Ghetto held out for almost a month.


Premise: Along with Dan Fouts, who served as a color analyst for the radio broadcast?

Hypothesis: Jim Gray will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage.


Premise: In lands attributed to what tribe are found remains of large settlements?

Hypothesis: In the region of the Xingu tribe, remains of some of these large settlements in the middle of the Amazon forest were found in 2003 by Michael Heckenberger and colleagues of the University of Florida.


Premise: Article 34 meant states could be responsible for what?

Hypothesis: In Procureur du Roi v Dassonville the Court of Justice held that this rule meant all "trading rules" that are "enacted by Member States" which could hinder trade "directly or indirectly, actually or potentially" would be caught by article 34.


Premise: How long has the African Great Lakes region been inhabited?

Hypothesis: The African Great Lakes region, which Kenya is a part of, has been inhabited by humans since the Lower Paleolithic period.


Premise: Who taught Temüjin early lessons about politics in Mongolia?

Hypothesis: At this time, none of the tribal confederations of Mongolia were united politically, and arranged marriages were often used to solidify temporary alliances.


Premise: The Brotherhood's members are against consuming what beverage?

Hypothesis: The Brotherhood's base of devout middle class found common cause with the impoverished youth of the intifada in their cultural conservatism and antipathy for activities of the secular middle class such as drinking alcohol and going about without hijab.


Premise: The UMC supports research on what cells retrieved from umbilical cords?

Hypothesis: " It supports research on stem cells retrieved from umbilical cords and adult stem cells, stating that there are "few moral questions" raised by this issue.


Premise: In which year did the Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art opened?

Hypothesis: The Jameel Gallery of Islamic Art, opened in 2006, houses a representative display of 400 objects with the highlight being the Ardabil Carpet, the centrepiece of the gallery.


Premise: What town is surrounded by Jacksonville?

Hypothesis: Jacksonville surrounds the town of Baldwin.


Premise: How many species of insects are known in the region?

Hypothesis: The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals.


Premise: What award was Michelle Gomez nominated for?

Hypothesis: The show has received recognition as one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award for Best Drama Series and five consecutive (2005–2010) awards at the National Television Awards during Russell T Davies' tenure as executive producer.


Premise: What increases rapidly as per capita income increases?

Hypothesis: This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in recent decades it has slowed down among middle income countries and plateaued among the richest thirty or so countries in the world.


Premise: At the time of its formation, how many members did the UMC have?

Hypothesis: Texas has the largest number of members, with about 1 million.


Premise: How many French colonists were gained by British?

Hypothesis: The British resettled many Acadians throughout its North American provinces, but many went to France, and some went to New Orleans, which they had expected to remain French.


Premise: Which famous evolutionist was influenced by the book Principles of Geology?

Hypothesis: This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism.


Premise: Who designed the Turner and Vernon galleries that were built in 1858-9?

Hypothesis: Its architect was civil engineer Captain Francis Fowke, Royal Engineers, who was appointed by Cole.


Premise: When did the Eleventh Doctor appear in the Sarah Jane series?

Hypothesis: In 2010, a further such appearance featured Matt Smith as the Eleventh Doctor alongside former companion actress Katy Manning reprising her role as Jo Grant.


Premise: What body part did Thomas Davis break during the NFC Championship Game?

Hypothesis: Despite this, he insisted he would still find a way to play in the Super Bowl.


Premise: When did French Republicans back building the French empire?

Hypothesis: Republicans, at first hostile to empire, only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire.


Premise: Where was the 2000 study conducted?

Hypothesis: A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers.


Premise: The silver and gold collection of the V&A is divided into which categories?

Hypothesis: There are over 10,000 objects made from silver or gold in the collection, the display (about 15% of the collection) is divided into secular and sacred covering both Christian (Roman Catholic, Anglican and Greek Orthodox) and Jewish liturgical vessels and items.


Premise: In what year did Harvey Martin die?

Hypothesis: No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII, who died in 2001.


Premise: What alumni wrote "The Good War"?

Hypothesis: Before I Fall Lauren Oliver, Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Philip Roth, Canadian-born Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize for Literature winning writer Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times bestseller "The Closing of the American Mind" Allan Bloom, ''


Premise: Who is the university accredited by?

Hypothesis: The university is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission.


Premise: How much did Westinghouse pay to license Tesla's designs?

Hypothesis: In July 1888, Brown and Peck negotiated a licensing deal with George Westinghouse for Tesla's polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor.


Premise: How is circuit switching allocated

Hypothesis: Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes.


Premise: How many visitors did the Britain Can Make It exhibition attract?

Hypothesis: This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design established by the British government in 1944 "to promote by all practicable means the improvement of design in the products of British industry".


Premise: What are some examples of undesirable end results of a project?

Hypothesis: Although building construction projects typically include various common elements, such as design, financial, estimating and legal considerations, many projects of varying sizes reach undesirable end results, such as structural collapse, cost overruns, and/or litigation.


Premise: What flows between Bingen and Bonn?

Hypothesis: Between Bingen and Bonn, the Middle Rhine flows through the Rhine Gorge, a formation which was created by erosion.


Premise: How many types of thylakoids are there?

Hypothesis: The flat tops and bottoms of granal thylakoids contain only the relatively flat photosystem II protein complex.


Premise: How many species of Ctenophores have not been fully described or named?

Hypothesis: These variations enable different species to build huge populations in the same area, because they specialize in different types of prey, which they capture by as wide a range of methods as spiders use.


Premise: By when did the Germanic tribes conquer the Celtic peoples?

Hypothesis: From their original homelands in Scandinavia and northern Europe, Germanic tribes expanded throughout northern and western Europe in the middle period of classical antiquity; southern Europe in late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE, forming the Holy Roman Empire, the first German Empire.


Premise: Why did France choose to give up continental lands?

Hypothesis: The British, for their part, were happy to take New France, as defence of their North American colonies would no longer be an issue and also because they already had ample places from which to obtain sugar.


Premise: How far does one pharmacy in Croatia date back to?

Hypothesis: The oldest is claimed to have been set up in 1221 in the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence, Italy, which now houses a perfume museum.


Premise: When did Tesla go to Prague?

Hypothesis: In January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospić for Prague where he was to study.


Premise: Who did the Broncos beat to win their division in 2015?

Hypothesis: Despite Manning's problems with interceptions during the season, he didn't throw any in their two playoff games.


Premise: What term best describes southern California's collection of landscapes?

Hypothesis: Southern California consists of one of the more varied collections of geologic, topographic, and natural ecosystem landscapes in a diversity outnumbering other major regions in the state and country.


Premise: Luther treated Jews in a like way as he treated what group?

Hypothesis: In 1523, Luther wrote that Jesus Christ was born a Jew which discouraged mistreatment of the Jews and advocated their conversion by proving that the Old Testament could be shown to speak of Jesus Christ.


Premise: How and when did the first variant of y. pestis enter Europe?

Hypothesis: Surveys of plague pit remains in France and England indicate the first variant entered Europe through the port of Marseille around November 1347 and spread through France over the next two years, eventually reaching England in the spring of 1349, where it spread through the country in three epidemics.


Premise: Name two series that have been reboots rather than plot continuations.

Hypothesis: The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963–1989 series[note 2] and the 1996 telefilm.


Premise: How was the Dutch name for the Rhine originally spelled?

Hypothesis: The spelling with Rh- in English Rhine as well as in German Rhein and French Rhin is due to the influence of Greek orthography, while the vocalisation -i- is due to the Proto-Germanic adoption of the Gaulish name as *Rīnaz, via Old Frankish giving Old English Rín, Old High German Rīn, Dutch Rijn (formerly also spelled Rhijn)).


Premise: What does Kitab Rudjdjar mean in English?

Hypothesis: One of the great geographical treatises of the Middle Ages, the "Tabula Rogeriana", was written by the Andalusian al-Idrisi for king Roger II of Sicily, and entitled "Kitab Rudjdjar" ("The Book of Roger").


Premise: The Talbot Hughes collection was a gift from which company?

Hypothesis: The costume collection is the most comprehensive in Britain, containing over 14,000 outfits plus accessories, mainly dating from 1600 to the present.


Premise: When was the drainage basin of the Amazon believed to have split in the middle of South America?

Hypothesis: Within the last 5–10 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.


Premise: When did the ban on cigarette advertising take effect for television networks?

Hypothesis: On January 17, 1972, Elton Rule was named President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC a few months after Goldenson reduced his role in the company after suffering a heart attack.


Premise: Who were the Westwood One sideline announcers?

Hypothesis: Jim Gray will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage.


Premise: Where was the first settlement in Victoria?

Hypothesis: With Great Britain having claimed the entire Australian continent east of the 135th meridian east in 1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales.


Premise: How long has Radio Tyneside been the voluntary hospital radio service?

Hypothesis: Radio Tyneside has been the voluntary hospital radio service for most hospitals across Newcastle and Gateshead since 1951, broadcasting on Hospedia  and online.


Premise: How large was the audience BSkyB said they could reach?

Hypothesis: Confirming it had reached its target, the broadcaster said its reach into 36% of households in the UK represented an audience of more than 25m people.


Premise: In what year did Harvey Martin die?

Hypothesis: I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V) appeared via video, while Peyton Manning (MVP of Super Bowl XLI and current Broncos quarterback) was shown in the locker room preparing for the game.


Premise: What was the purpose of Loudoun's troops at Fort Henry?

Hypothesis: Leaving a sizable force at Fort William Henry to distract Montcalm, he began organizing for the expedition to Quebec.


Premise: What antibody is transported from the mother to baby across the placenta?

Hypothesis: During pregnancy, a particular type of antibody, called IgG, is transported from mother to baby directly across the placenta, so human babies have high levels of antibodies even at birth, with the same range of antigen specificities as their mother.


Premise: Many changes in the vegetation of the amazon rainforest took place since the  Last Glacial Maximum, which was how many years ago?

Hypothesis: Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland; other scientists argue that the rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today.


Premise: When are recent episodes of ABC shows typically made available on VOD services?

Hypothesis: Restrictions implemented by Disney–ABC Television Group on January 7, 2014 restrict streaming of the most recent episode of any ABC program on Hulu and WATCH ABC until eight days after their initial broadcast, in order to encourage live or same-week (via both DVR and cable on demand) viewing, with day-after-air streaming on either service limited to subscribers of participating pay television providers (such as Comcast, Verizon FiOS and Time Warner Cable) using an ISP account via an authenticated user login.


Premise: What is the low-power station that serves Birmingham, Alabama for ABC?

Hypothesis: ABC maintains affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few markets, such as Birmingham, Alabama (WBMA-LD), Lima, Ohio (WLQP-LP) and South Bend, Indiana (WBND-LD).


Premise: What was Ban Ki-Moon the Secretary General of?

Hypothesis: In the words of the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-Moon: "While economic growth is necessary, it is not sufficient for progress on reducing poverty."


Premise: How did france differ from Britain in managing its colonies?

Hypothesis: It became a moral justification to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture.


Premise: Cytokine TBF-B suppresses the activity of what cell types?

Hypothesis: Tumor cells often have a reduced number of MHC class I molecules on their surface, thus avoiding detection by killer T cells.


Premise: In 2013-14, NBC finished behind what network in the ratings?

Hypothesis: NBC, which had lagged behind ABC for eight years, finished the season in first place in the 18–49 demographic for the first time since 2004, and in second place in total viewership behind long-dominant CBS.


Premise: In what book did Betty Meggers describe the idea of the Amazon being sparsely populated?

Hypothesis: For a long time, it was thought that the Amazon rainforest was only ever sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture given the poor soil.


Premise: How did the Kikuyu people live?

Hypothesis: There were 80,000 white settlers living in Kenya in the 1950s.


Premise: When was the most recent Super Bowl hosted in the South Florida/Miami area?

Hypothesis: The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Premise: What can concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society and abuse both workers and consumers?

Hypothesis: "On the other hand, markets can also concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society, and abuse workers and consumers."


Premise: What military impact did Huguenot immigration have on Frederick's army?

Hypothesis: The Huguenots furnished two new regiments of his army: the Altpreußische Infantry Regiments No. 13 (Regiment on foot Varenne) and 15 (Regiment on foot Wylich).


Premise: In what year did Harvard end its early admission program?

Hypothesis: Harvard College ended its early admissions program in 2007 as the program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities, yet for the class of 2016 an Early Action program was reintroduced.


Premise: What type of authority are ambulatory care pharmacists given in the U.S. federal health care system?

Hypothesis: In the U.S. federal health care system (including the VA, the Indian Health Service, and NIH) ambulatory care pharmacists are given full independent prescribing authority.


Premise: In how many places is oxygen stored in its cycle?

Hypothesis: The main driving factor of the oxygen cycle is photosynthesis, which is responsible for modern Earth's atmosphere.


Premise: Where were the Lambing Flat riots?

Hypothesis: Conditions on the gold fields were cramped and unsanitary; an outbreak of typhoid at Buckland Valley in 1854 killed over 1,000 miners.


Premise: Who would the occupation alienate?

Hypothesis: British Prime Minister Edward Heath was so worried by this prospect that he ordered a British intelligence estimate of U.S. intentions, which concluded America "might consider it could not tolerate a situation in which the U.S. and its allies were at the mercy of a small group of unreasonable countries," and that they would prefer a rapid operation to seize oilfields in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, and possibly Abu Dhabi in military action was decided upon.


Premise: Why did he walk?

Hypothesis: For exercise, Tesla walked between 8 to 10 miles per day.


Premise: What was the accepted length of the Rhine prior to 1932?

Hypothesis: Until 1932 the generally accepted length of the Rhine was 1,230 kilometres (764 miles).


Premise: What year was the only film version of Doctor Who shown?

Hypothesis: The 2005 version of Doctor Who is a direct plot continuation of the original 1963–1989 series[note 2] and the 1996 telefilm.


Premise: What health condition can deep sea diving cause?

Hypothesis: Acute oxygen toxicity (causing seizures, its most feared effect for divers) can occur by breathing an air mixture with 21%


Premise: Who were the Semuren?

Hypothesis: Although the traditional Chinese elite were not given their share of power, the Mongols and the Semuren (various allied groups from Central Asia and the western end of the empire) largely remained strangers to the mainstream Chinese culture, and this dichotomy gave the Yuan regime a somewhat strong "colonial" coloration.


Premise: Who was one French pro-reform Roman Catholic of the 15th century?

Hypothesis: The Gallicans briefly achieved independence for the French church, on the principle that the religion of France could not be controlled by the Bishop of Rome, a foreign power.


Premise: The production of what signalling molecules is regulated by the immune system?

Hypothesis: Conversely, some hormones are regulated by the immune system, notably thyroid hormone activity.


Premise: Why did al-Qaeda tell ISIL to take a hike?

Hypothesis: The group gained prominence after it drove Iraqi government forces out of key cities in western Iraq in a 2014 offensive.


Premise: Which area is responsible for the long-term preservation of the V&A collections?

Hypothesis: Conservation is responsible for the long-term preservation of the collections, and covers all the collections held by the V&A and the V&A Museum of Childhood.


Premise: What was Galileo Ferraris?

Hypothesis: Westinghouse looked into getting a patent on a similar commutator-less, rotating magnetic field-based induction motor presented in a paper in March 1888 by the Italian physicist Galileo Ferraris, but decided Tesla's patent would probably control the market.


Premise: What will a pharmacist who passes the ambulatory pharmacist exam be called?

Hypothesis: In 2011 the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approved ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification.


Premise: What is one of the most dangerous occupations in the world?

Hypothesis: In 2009, the fatal occupational injury rate among construction workers in the United States was nearly three times that for all workers.


Premise: A growing number of new forms of procurement involves what?

Hypothesis: The focus on co-operation is to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often highly competitive and adversarial practices within the construction industry.


Premise: Where did British settlers live?

Hypothesis: British settlers outnumbered the French 20 to 1 with a population of about 1.5 million ranged along the eastern coast of the continent, from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in the north, to Georgia in the south.


Premise: What are the eight comb rows on the outer surface called?

Hypothesis: The outer surface bears usually eight comb rows, called swimming-plates, which are used for swimming.


Premise: The Hungarians performed this civil disobedience under the direction of what person?

Hypothesis: Non-revolutionary civil disobedience is a simple disobedience of laws on the grounds that they are judged "wrong" by an individual conscience, or as part of an effort to render certain laws ineffective, to cause their repeal, or to exert pressure to get one's political wishes on some other issue.


Premise: What function is a teacher's role similar to?

Hypothesis: This function looks like that of a coach using the whole gamut of psychology to get each new class of rookies off the bench and into the game."


Premise: The Bruins belong to which college?

Hypothesis: I in the Pac-12 Conference, and there is a longtime rivalry between the schools.


Premise: What is the United Methodist Church?

Hypothesis: The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination.


Premise: What did Tesla spend Astor's money on?

Hypothesis: Instead, Tesla used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments.


Premise: Where did Kublai build his administration's strength?

Hypothesis: After strengthening his government in northern China, Kublai pursued an expansionist policy in line with the tradition of Mongol and Chinese imperialism.


Premise: What system did Tesla recommend to Niagara Falls in 1893?

Hypothesis: In 1893 Richard Dean Adams, who headed up the Niagara Falls Cataract Construction Company sought Tesla's opinion on what system would be best to transmit power generated at the falls.


Premise: Where did Harold II die?

Hypothesis: Early Norman kings of England, as Dukes of Normandy, owed homage to the King of France for their land on the continent.


Premise: Who is the parent company of NDS?

Hypothesis: BSkyB utilises the VideoGuard pay-TV scrambling system owned by NDS, a Cisco Systems company.


Premise: What happened during the Apollo 7 test mission to elicit them a lesser version of the DSM?

Hypothesis: NASA awarded all 32 of these astronauts its highest honor, the Distinguished Service Medal, given for "distinguished service, ability, or courage", and personal "contribution representing substantial progress to the NASA mission".


Premise: What principle relates to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut?

Hypothesis: The principle of cross-cutting relationships pertains to the formation of faults and the age of the sequences through which they cut.


Premise: When did violence start in war?

Hypothesis: The war was fought primarily along the frontiers between New France and the British colonies, from Virginia in the South to Nova Scotia in the North.


Premise: To what pathogen that causes gas gangrene is oxygen poisonous?

Hypothesis: Carbon monoxide poisoning, gas gangrene, and decompression sickness (the 'bends') are sometimes treated using these devices.


Premise: What was the Presidential Working Party on the Second University commissioned to do?

Hypothesis: In 1981, the Presidential Working Party on the Second University was commissioned to look at both the possibilities of setting up a second university in Kenya as well as the reforming of the entire education system.


Premise: When was Richard Grainger actively building and developing?

Hypothesis: Established on classical streets built by Richard Grainger, a builder and developer, between 1835 and 1842, some of Newcastle upon Tyne's finest buildings and streets lie within this area of the city centre including Grainger Market, Theatre Royal, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street.


Premise: What was Frensh military presence at start of war?

Hypothesis: At the start of the war, no French regular army troops were stationed in North America, and few British troops.


Premise: How many French colonists were gained by British?

Hypothesis: Britain gained control of French Canada and Acadia, colonies containing approximately 80,000 primarily French-speaking Roman Catholic residents.


Premise: When was the heatwave in which Hopetoun recorded its highest temperature?

Hypothesis: The Mallee and upper Wimmera are Victoria's warmest regions with hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts.


Premise: Where is the George W. Bush Presidential library?

Hypothesis: One of the most high profile decisions in recent years by one of the councils was a decision by the Mission Council of the South Central Jurisdiction which in March 2007 approved a 99-year lease of 36 acres (150,000 m2) at Southern Methodist University for the George W. Bush Presidential Library.


Premise: Why did Saudi Arabia try to increase production, and reduce profits for high cost producers?

Hypothesis: Saudi Arabia, trying to recover market share, increased production, pushing prices down, shrinking or eliminating profits for high-cost producers.


Premise: What is the most important item for civil disobedience to follow through?

Hypothesis: But that is different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience.


Premise: What did the king do to regarding Huguenot education?

Hypothesis: Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them.


Premise: Why did they teach them to grow peas?

Hypothesis: Pigeon peas are very drought resistant, so can be grown in areas with less than 650 mm annual rainfall.


Premise: What Newcastle road heads west to Carlisle?

Hypothesis: Many of these designations are recent—upon completion of the Western Bypass, and its designation as the new line of the A1, the roads between this and the A1's former alignment through the Tyne Tunnel were renumbered, with many city centre roads changing from a 6-prefix to their present 1-prefix numbers.


Premise: What are rhodoplasts' phycobilin pigments combined into?

Hypothesis: However, since they also contain the blue-green chlorophyll a and other pigments, many are reddish to purple from the combination.


Premise: Post 2008 undergraduate students are required to complete how many general education classes towards degree?

Hypothesis: Between 1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete a core curriculum of seven classes outside of their concentration.


Premise: Who would have been the lowest-ranked class?

Hypothesis: However, Kublai rejected plans to revive the Confucian imperial examinations and divided Yuan society into three, later four, classes with the Han Chinese occupying the lowest rank.


Premise: Who stripped the ball from Cam Newton while sacking him on this drive?

Hypothesis: A few plays later, on 3rd-and-10 from the 15-yard line, linebacker Von Miller knocked the ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him, and Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone for a Broncos touchdown, giving the team a 10–0 lead.


Premise: By what year was selling children into slavery common among the Mongols?

Hypothesis: The average Mongol garrison family of the Yuan dynasty seems to have lived a life of decaying rural leisure, with income from the harvests of their Chinese tenants eaten up by costs of equipping and dispatching men for their tours of duty.


Premise: Who officially opened the V&A?

Hypothesis: The official opening by Queen Victoria was on 22 June 1857.


Premise: What has caused China to suspend their railway project?

Hypothesis: Kenyatta was "[a]ccompanied by 60 Kenyan business people [and hoped to] ... gain support from China for a planned $2.5 billion railway from the southern Kenyan port of Mombasa to neighboring Uganda, as well as a nearly $1.8 billion dam", according to a statement from the president's office also at the time of the trip.


Premise: What reference is there to Huguenot lacemakers in the 19th century?

Hypothesis: The implication that the style of lace known as 'Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot influence, being a "combination of Mechlin patterns on Lille ground", is fallacious: what is now known as Mechlin lace did not develop until first half of the eighteenth century and lace with Mechlin patterns and Lille ground did not appear until the end of the 18th century, when it was widely copied throughout Europe.


Premise: What kind of experiments of rock deformation do structural geologists perform?

Hypothesis: In addition, they perform analog and numerical experiments of rock deformation in large and small settings.


Premise: What is the bad air theory officially known as?

Hypothesis: Today, this is known as the Miasma theory.


Premise: In 1984, the ABC arts channel ARTS was merged with what other channel?

Hypothesis: That year, ABC and Hearst reached an agreement with RCA to merge ARTS and competing arts service, The Entertainment Channel, into a single cable channel called Arts & Entertainment Television (A&E); the new channel subsequently leased a separate satellite transponder, ending its sharing agreement with Nickelodeon to become a 24-hour service.


Premise: How many nations are within the Amazon Basin?

Hypothesis: Forêt amazonienne; Dutch: Amazoneregenwoud), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America.


Premise: Teaching Christians how they should live is what use of the law?

Hypothesis: This has traditionally been called the "third use of the law."


Premise: What version of Windows supported the CBS sports app?

Hypothesis: The ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast was made available through WatchESPN.


Premise: How many volts could particles be charged to in his weapon design?

Hypothesis: During the same year, Tesla wrote a treatise, The Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-dispersive Energy through the Natural Media, concerning charged particle beam weapons.


Premise: What animals may have been stampeded over Genghis Khan's grave site?

Hypothesis: Other tales state that his grave was stampeded over by many horses, and that trees were then planted over the site, and the permafrost also did its part in hiding the burial site.


Premise: Who claimed Luther's writings were a blueprint of actions against Jews?

Hypothesis: On 17 December 1941, seven Protestant regional church confederations issued a statement agreeing with the policy of forcing Jews to wear the yellow badge, "since after his bitter experience Luther had already suggested preventive measures against the Jews and their expulsion from German territory."


Premise: How long did the 5th president's tenure last?

Hypothesis: In 1929, the university's fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins, took office; the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure.


Premise: Who did the Broncos play in the last week of the regular season?

Hypothesis: Osweiler was injured, however, leading to Manning's return during the Week 17 regular season finale, where the Broncos were losing 13–7 against the 4–11 San Diego Chargers, resulting in Manning re-claiming the starting quarterback position for the playoffs by leading the team to a key 27–20 win that enabled the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed.


Premise: Ctenophores are less complex than what other group?

Hypothesis: Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having colloblasts, which are sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species lack them.


Premise: What was the only drama extended for a second season for the 2010-11 schedule?

Hypothesis: The network also struggled to establish new comedies to support the previous year's debuts, with only late-season premiere Happy Endings earning a second season.


Premise: When was ctenophore mnemiopsis leidyi introduced into The Black Sea and the Sea of Azov?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, in the late 1980s the Western Atlantic ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi was accidentally introduced into the Black Sea and Sea of Azov via the ballast tanks of ships, and has been blamed for causing sharp drops in fish catches by eating both fish larvae and small crustaceans that would otherwise feed the adult fish.


Premise: What inventor built on to the findings of Philo of  Byzantium?

Hypothesis: One of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium.


Premise: Survivial is at the heart of what concept for workers?

Hypothesis: However, most of it is often based on necessity rather than opportunity.


Premise: What type of revolution did Maududi advocate?

Hypothesis: Although Maududi talked about Islamic revolution, by "revolution" he meant not the violence or populist policies of the Iranian Revolution, but the gradual changing the hearts and minds of individuals from the top of society downward through an educational process or da'wah.


Premise: What is the largest independent library outside of London?

Hypothesis: The Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne (popularly known as the 'Lit & Phil') is the largest independent library outside London, housing more than 150,000 books.


Premise: Who wrote about the great pestilence in 1893?

Hypothesis: He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.


Premise: When did the Chinese famine begin?

Hypothesis: In the 1330s a large number of natural disasters and plagues led to widespread famine, starting in 1331, with a deadly plague arriving soon after.


Premise: Political advantage is an attribute of which state policies?

Hypothesis: Imperialism and colonialism both dictate the political and economic advantage over a land and the indigenous populations they control, yet scholars sometimes find it difficult to illustrate the difference between the two.


Premise: What letter did Washington present to  Saint-Pierre ?

Hypothesis: Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, who succeeded Marin as commander of the French forces after the latter died on October 29, invited Washington to dine with him.


Premise: Richard Allen and Absalom Jones were licensed by St. George's Church in what year?

Hypothesis: They were licensed by St. George's Church in 1784.


Premise: What bargain did his father make with him if Tesla recovered?

Hypothesis: Tesla's father, in a moment of despair, promised to send him to the best engineering school if he recovered from the illness (his father had originally wanted him to enter the priesthood).


Premise: What is the NASUWT?

Hypothesis: Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade unions such as ATL, NUT or NASUWT and reports in recent years suggest that the average age of teachers in Wales is falling with teachers being younger than in previous years.


Premise: What other Northern European cities had Huguenot congregations?

Hypothesis: Several congregations were founded, such as those of Fredericia (Denmark), Berlin, Stockholm, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Helsinki, and Emden.


Premise: Who presented the mac to the Scottish Parliament when it was initially opened?

Hypothesis: The words There shall be a Scottish Parliament, which are the first words of the Scotland Act, are inscribed around the head of the mace, which has a formal ceremonial role in the meetings of Parliament, reinforcing the authority of the Parliament in its ability to make laws.


Premise: What is the bad air theory officially known as?

Hypothesis: That the plague was caused by bad air became the most widely accepted theory.


Premise: What is tuition for 2012 - 13 year at Harvard?

Hypothesis: Grants total 88% of Harvard's aid for undergraduate students, with aid also provided by loans (8%) and work-study (4%).


Premise: Which theorem can be simplified to the Lasker–Noether theorem?

Hypothesis: The fundamental theorem of arithmetic generalizes to the Lasker–Noether theorem, which expresses every ideal in a Noetherian commutative ring as an intersection of primary ideals, which are the appropriate generalizations of prime powers.


Premise: Who won the MVP for the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.


Premise: What school did he enroll in during 1875?

Hypothesis: He never graduated from the university and did not receive grades for the last semester.


Premise: How long did it take Johnson to respond to Kennedy?

Hypothesis: Johnson responded approximately one week later, concluding that "we are neither making maximum effort nor achieving results necessary if this country is to reach a position of leadership."


Premise: Who founded the UMC?

Hypothesis: As such, the church's theological orientation is decidedly Wesleyan.


Premise: When was the charter for this church signed?

Hypothesis: The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550.


Premise: Which organic compounds contain the greatest amount of oxygen by mass?

Hypothesis: Only a few common complex biomolecules, such as squalene and the carotenes, contain no oxygen.


Premise: What encouraged cultural exchange under the Yuan?

Hypothesis: The Mongols' extensive West Asian and European contacts produced a fair amount of cultural exchange.


Premise: When was Warsaw completely razed to the ground by bombing raids?

Hypothesis: During the Second World War, Warsaw was razed to the ground by bombing raids and planned destruction.


Premise: What is the search feature on the V&A website called?

Hypothesis: most of the items in the collection, unless those were newly accessioned into the collection, probably do not show up in the computer system.


Premise: What are the antimicrobial peptides that are the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity called?

Hypothesis: Antimicrobial peptides called defensins are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response found in all animals and plants, and represent the main form of invertebrate systemic immunity.


Premise: Who issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763?

Hypothesis: Following the treaty, King George III issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 on October 7, 1763, which outlined the division and administration of the newly conquered territory, and to some extent continues to govern relations between the government of modern Canada and the First Nations.


Premise: What did Temüjin's mother emphasize in his lessons about Mongolia's volatile political climate?

Hypothesis: Temüjin's mother Hoelun taught him many lessons about the unstable political climate of Mongolia, especially the need for alliances.


Premise: In what year did Tesla graduate from the Higher Real Gymnasium?

Hypothesis: He finished a four-year term in three years, graduating in 1873.:33


Premise: US is concerned about confrontation of the Middle East with which other country?

Hypothesis: In the United States, scholars argue that there already existed a negotiated settlement based on equality between both parties prior to 1973.


Premise: How high are many of the buildings with turrets?

Hypothesis: These buildings are predominantly four stories high, with vertical dormers, domes, turrets and spikes.


Premise: What proclamation abolished protestantism in France?

Hypothesis: They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France, and forced the Huguenots to convert.


Premise: What was the date of the very first episode of Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: Doctor Who first appeared on BBC TV at 17:16:20 GMT, eighty seconds after the scheduled programme time, 5:15 pm, on Saturday, 23 November 1963.


Premise: What does LGM stands for?

Hypothesis: There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation.


Premise: How would one describe the summers in Fresno?

Hypothesis: Fresno is marked by a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh), with mild, moist winters and hot and dry summers, thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics.


Premise: How do private schools in Ireland differ from most?

Hypothesis: In Ireland, private schools (Irish: scoil phríobháideach) are unusual because a certain number of teacher's salaries are paid by the State.


Premise: What type of number generators make use of prime numbers?

Hypothesis: Prime numbers are also used for hash tables and pseudorandom number generators.


Premise: How did Celeron handle meeting with Old Briton?

Hypothesis: When Céloron's expedition arrived at Logstown, the Native Americans in the area informed Céloron that they owned the Ohio Country and that they would trade with the British regardless of the French.


Premise: What are PD rings?

Hypothesis: Next, the two plastid-dividing rings, or PD rings form.


Premise: What are the exchanged particles predicted by the standard Model?

Hypothesis: With modern insights into quantum mechanics and technology that can accelerate particles close to the speed of light, particle physics has devised a Standard Model to describe forces between particles smaller than atoms.


Premise: What injury did the Carolina Panthers lose Kelvin Benjamin to during their preseason?

Hypothesis: Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason, the Carolina Panthers had their best regular season in franchise history, becoming the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978.


Premise: What was the very first television station to broadcast in Fresno?

Hypothesis: To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area and those planned for Chico, Sacramento, Salinas, and Stockton, the Federal Communications Commission decided that Fresno would only have UHF television stations.


Premise: Survivial is at the heart of what concept for workers?

Hypothesis: Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter ("push" motivations), whereas opportunity-based entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations ("pull") such as vocation and more likely to involve the pursue of new products, services, or underserved market needs.


Premise: Who was the Bauhaus typeface originally designed by in the 1920s?

Hypothesis: The letters are strongly reminiscent of the Bauhaus typeface designed by Herbert Bayer in the 1920s, but also share similarities with several other fonts, such as ITC Avant Garde and Horatio, and most closely resembling Chalet.


Premise: How many membranes does the haptophyte chloroplast have?

Hypothesis: Because the haptophyte chloroplast has four membranes, tertiary endosymbiosis would be expected to create a six membraned chloroplast, adding the haptophyte's cell membrane and the dinophyte's phagosomal vacuole.


Premise: Which Super Bowl did Elway win at 38 years old?

Hypothesis: The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.


Premise: What is the name of the area past the border that the megaregion extends into?

Hypothesis: The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.


Premise: What position did Tesla accept at the exchange?

Hypothesis: Upon arrival, Tesla realized that the company, then under construction, was not functional, so he worked as a draftsman in the Central Telegraph Office instead.


Premise: What are other major fatality causes?

Hypothesis: Falls are one of the most common causes of fatal and non-fatal injuries among construction workers.


Premise: When did sideline jackets and hats start to feature gold-trimmed logos?

Hypothesis: Various gold-themed promotions and initiatives were held throughout the 2015 NFL season to tie into the "Golden Super Bowl"; gold-tinted logos were implemented across the NFL's properties and painted on fields, the numbering of the 50-yard line on fields was colored gold, and beginning on week 7, all sideline jackets and hats featured gold-trimmed logos.


Premise: What alumni wrote "The Good War"?

Hypothesis: The Good War" author Studs Terkel, American writer, essayist, filmmaker, teacher, and political activist Susan Sontag, analytic philosopher and Stanford University Professor of Comparative Literature Richard Rorty, and American writer and satirist Kurt Vonnegut are notable alumni.


Premise: What can the non-elected members from the Scottish Government not do?

Hypothesis: Of the total 131 seats, 129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs and 2 are seats for the Scottish Law Officers – the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General for Scotland, who are not elected members of the Parliament but are members of the Scottish Government.


Premise: If the teacher focuses on maintaining order, what does this take time away from?

Hypothesis: Given the emphasis on attainment of university places, administrators and governors may regard this policy as appropriate.


Premise: What exists between fundamentalist Islamism and reformist Islamism?

Hypothesis: Another major division within Islamism is between what Graham E. Fuller has described as the fundamentalist "guardians of the tradition" (Salafis, such as those in the Wahhabi movement) and the "vanguard of change and Islamic reform" centered around the Muslim Brotherhood.


Premise: What was the name of the storm that hit Jacksonville in May of 2012?

Hypothesis: The city has only received one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times due to storms crossing the state from the Gulf of Mexico to the Atlantic Ocean, or passing to the north or south in the Atlantic and brushing past the area.


Premise: The time required to output an answer on a deterministic Turing machine is expressed as what?

Hypothesis: For a precise definition of what it means to solve a problem using a given amount of time and space, a computational model such as the deterministic Turing machine is used.


Premise: What was the population of the Dutch Republic before this emigration?

Hypothesis: 2 million at that time.


Premise: What may also be required of teachers, in some areas?

Hypothesis: In most provinces a second Bachelor's Degree such as a Bachelor of Education is required to become a qualified teacher.


Premise: What are the agents the immune system detects known as?

Hypothesis: The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.


Premise: How did Luther describe his time in the order?

Hypothesis: Luther described this period of his life as one of deep spiritual despair.


Premise: Which woman took a leadership role in the Mongol Empire while succession was being determined?

Hypothesis: Modern Mongolian historians say that towards the end of his life, Genghis Khan attempted to create a civil state under the Great Yassa that would have established the legal equality of all individuals, including women.


Premise: What is one way in which graphs can be encoded?

Hypothesis: For example, integers can be represented in binary notation, and graphs can be encoded directly via their adjacency matrices, or by encoding their adjacency lists in binary.


Premise: What brought the downfall of Jacksonville filmmaking?

Hypothesis: However, the emergence of Hollywood as a major film production center ended the city's film industry.


Premise: What Khitan leader defected to the Mongols?

Hypothesis: Two Han Chinese leaders, Shi Tianze, Liu Heima (劉黑馬, Liu Ni), and the Khitan Xiao Zhala (蕭札剌) defected and commanded the 3 Tumens in the Mongol army.


Premise: Who was the opposing party in the Runyon case?

Hypothesis: The Supreme Court precedent appears to favor educational choice, so long as states may set standards for educational accomplishment.


Premise: How common was the form of corporal punishment in the past?

Hypothesis: In past times, corporal punishment (spanking or paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain) was one of the most common forms of school discipline throughout much of the world.


Premise: When did building activity occur on St. Kazimierz Church?

Hypothesis: One of the best examples of this architecture are Krasiński Palace (1677–1683), Wilanów Palace (1677–1696) and St. Kazimierz Church (1688–1692).


Premise: What is a typical name for learning that is not inside of the classroom?

Hypothesis: The increasing use of technology, specifically the rise of the internet over the past decade, has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the classroom.


Premise: In 1951, rumors claimed that ABC might be sold to what network?

Hypothesis: In 1951, a rumor even mentioned that the network would be sold to CBS.


Premise: What university alumni member was known for his work on portfolio theory?

Hypothesis: In economics, notable Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winners Milton Friedman, a major advisor to Republican U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Conservative British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, George Stigler, Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory, Gary Becker, an important contributor to the family economics branch of economics, Herbert A. Simon, responsible for the modern interpretation of the concept of organizational decision-making, Paul Samuelson, the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and Eugene Fama, known for his work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and stock market behaviour, are all graduates.


Premise: Who was given land by British goovernment for development of Ohio Country?

Hypothesis: In 1750 Christopher Gist, acting on behalf of both Virginia and the company, explored the Ohio territory and opened negotiations with the Indian tribes at Logstown.


Premise: Who worked later on to find these missing magnetic tapes that had data stored on them?

Hypothesis: During the following years, a magnetic tape shortage prompted NASA to remove massive numbers of magnetic tapes from the National Archives and Records Administration to be recorded over with newer satellite data.


Premise: What decreased in number between 1984 and 1991?

Hypothesis: David Rodda noted that from 1984 and 1991, the number of quality rental units decreased as the demand for higher quality housing increased (Rhoda 1994:148).


Premise: How many plays was Denver kept out of the end zone after getting the ball from Newton?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Denver's offense was kept out of the end zone for three plays, but a holding penalty on cornerback Josh Norman gave the Broncos a new set of downs.


Premise: What was the last Doctor Who episode that Dudley Simpson wrote music for?

Hypothesis: Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and he went on to write music for many adventures of the 1960s and 1970s, including most of the stories of the Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker periods, ending with The Horns of Nimon (1979).


Premise: Large predators of the Amazon rainforest include the jaguar, cougar, and anaconda, what is one other example?

Hypothesis: The rainforest contains several species that can pose a hazard.


Premise: What were two of Fresno's most beautiful architectural buildings that are now demolished?

Hypothesis: Between the 1880s and World War II, Downtown Fresno flourished, filled with electric Street Cars, and contained some of the San Joaquin Valley's most beautiful architectural buildings.


Premise: What did Warner Sinback decide

Hypothesis: Warner was right.)


Premise: What did the Church claim could be avoided with money?

Hypothesis: He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money.


Premise: When did Zhu Shijie die?

Hypothesis: Advances in polynomial algebra were made by mathematicians during the Yuan era.


Premise: What was the ancestor of chloroplasts?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts, like mitochondria, contain their own DNA, which is thought to be inherited from their ancestor—a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that was engulfed by an early eukaryotic cell.


Premise: What have peridinin-type chloroplasts lost?

Hypothesis: Peridinin is not found in any other group of chloroplasts.


Premise: What did the Rhine branch off to form in Austria?

Hypothesis: The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein ("Old Rhine") and in the East by a modern canalized section.


Premise: Granite is made up largely of what chemical compound?

Hypothesis: The Earth's mantle, of much larger mass than the crust, is largely composed of silicates of magnesium and iron.


Premise: Who was the creator of NYPD Blue?

Hypothesis: September 1994 saw the debut of NYPD Blue, a gritty police procedural from Steven Bochco (who created Doogie Howser, M.D. and the critically pilloried Cop Rock for ABC earlier in the decade); lasting ten seasons, the drama became known for its boundary pushing of network television standards (particularly its occasional use of graphic language and rear nudity), which led some affiliates to initially refuse to air the show in its first season.


Premise: Starting in what year has Harvard topped the Academic Rankings of World Universities?

Hypothesis: In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003, and the THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published.


Premise: Who edited Electrical World magazine?

Hypothesis: Westinghouse looked into getting a patent on a similar commutator-less, rotating magnetic field-based induction motor presented in a paper in March 1888 by the Italian physicist Galileo Ferraris, but decided Tesla's patent would probably control the market.


Premise: Who studies the expected monetary flow over the life of the project and to monitor the payouts throughout the process?

Hypothesis: Accountants act to study the expected monetary flow over the life of the project and to monitor the payouts throughout the process.


Premise: If someone is being taught at their place of residence, what is it called?

Hypothesis: Informal learning may be assisted by a teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role, such as a family member, or by anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community setting.


Premise: Who was the main crew of Apollo 1, of which they named themselves?

Hypothesis: They trained and conducted tests of their spacecraft at North American, and in the altitude chamber at the Kennedy Space Center.


Premise: When was the Duchy of Normandy founded?

Hypothesis: The Duchy of Normandy, which began in 911 as a fiefdom, was established by the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and the famed Viking ruler Rollo, and was situated in the former Frankish kingdom of Neustria.


Premise: What television specials did ABC acquire the rights to in 2000?

Hypothesis: ABC currently holds the broadcast rights to the Academy Awards, Emmy Awards (which are rotated across all four major networks on a year-to-year basis), American Music Awards, Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade, Tournament of Roses Parade, Country Music Association Awards and the CMA Music Festival.


Premise: Where is corporal punishment practiced the most?

Hypothesis: 30 US states have banned corporal punishment, the others (mostly in the South) have not.


Premise: When was the colony of New South Wales founded?

Hypothesis: The first European settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip.


Premise: Which game console could viewers stream the game on?

Hypothesis: The ESPN Deportes Spanish broadcast was made available through WatchESPN.


Premise: When was Temüjin's half-brother Begter killed?

Hypothesis: Temujin's resentment erupted during one hunting excursion that Temüjin and his brother Khasar killed their half-brother Begter.


Premise: In what calcium containing body part is oxygen a part?

Hypothesis: Oxygen also occurs in phosphate (PO3−_4) groups in the biologically important energy-carrying molecules ATP and ADP, in the backbone and the purines (except adenine) and pyrimidines of RNA and DNA, and in bones as calcium phosphate and hydroxylapatite.


Premise: Where did Tesla work with Edison?

Hypothesis: His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant.


Premise: What cycle AC current system did Tesla propose?

Hypothesis: Between them, they settled on a 60-cycle AC current system Tesla proposed (to match the working frequency of Tesla's motor), although they soon found that, since Tesla's induction motor could only run at a constant speed, it would not work for street cars.


Premise: James Hutton published a 2 volume version of his theories in what year?

Hypothesis: Hutton published a two-volume version of his ideas in 1795 (Vol. 1, Vol. 2).


Premise: In addition to recirculating water, what do condensers do?

Hypothesis: When coal is used, a chain or screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine or motor may be included to move the fuel from a supply bin (bunker) to the firebox.


Premise: What planet do the Daleks come from?

Hypothesis: The Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro, mutated by the scientist Davros and housed in mechanical armour shells for mobility.


Premise: The Kronenberg Palace had been an exceptional example of what type of architecture?

Hypothesis: Exceptional examples of the bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war (like mentioned Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company Rosja building) or they were rebuilt in socialist realism style (like Warsaw Philharmony edifice originally inspired by Palais Garnier in Paris).


Premise: When did Operation Anvil open?

Hypothesis: The operation effectively placed Nairobi under military siege, and the occupants were screened and the Mau Mau supporters moved to detention camps.


Premise: Which of Tesla's inventions was used in radio development?

Hypothesis: Many devices such as the Tesla Coil were used in the further development of radio.


Premise: What did Saudi Arabia try to repress to compensate for its loss of stature?

Hypothesis: Saudi Arabia attempted to compensate for its loss of prestige among these groups by repressing those domestic Islamists who attacked it (bin Laden being a prime example), and increasing aid to Islamic groups (Islamist madrassas around the world and even aiding some violent Islamist groups) that did not, but its pre-war influence on behalf of moderation was greatly reduced.


Premise: What were the claims of corruption in the armed forces?

Hypothesis: Because the operations of the armed forces have been traditionally cloaked by the ubiquitous blanket of “state security”, the corruption has been less in public view, and thus less subject to public scrutiny and notoriety.


Premise: Who decide to make a very large donation to the university's Booth School of Business?

Hypothesis: During the same year, investor David G. Booth donated $300 million to the university's Booth School of Business, which is the largest gift in the university's history and the largest gift ever to any business school.