Premise: What does the Ruhr provide to it's community?

Hypothesis: Although many plants and factories can be found along the Rhine up into Switzerland, it is along the Lower Rhine that the bulk of them are concentrated, as the river passes the major cities of Cologne, Düsseldorf and Duisburg.


Premise: What did Davies call the System

Hypothesis: A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts at the 1967 ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles and suggested it for use in the ARPANET.


Premise: What measurement do scientists used to determine the quality of water?

Hypothesis: Scientists assess this aspect of water quality by measuring the water's biochemical oxygen demand, or the amount of O_2 needed to restore it to a normal concentration.


Premise: What danger did the IPCC understate?

Hypothesis: This may have been due, in part, to the expanding human understanding of climate.


Premise: Who is the present quarterback of the Broncos?

Hypothesis: I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V) appeared via video, while Peyton Manning (MVP of Super Bowl XLI and current Broncos quarterback) was shown in the locker room preparing for the game.


Premise: What shape is Oedogonium's chloroplasts?

Hypothesis: In some algae, the chloroplast takes up most of the cell, with pockets for the nucleus and other organelles (for example some species of Chlorella have a cup-shaped chloroplast that occupies much of the cell).


Premise: What are the agents the immune system detects known as?

Hypothesis: To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue.


Premise: Kurt H. Debus was appointed what position for the Launch Operations Center?

Hypothesis: Debus was named the LOC's first Director.


Premise: What theory accounted for the Mercury problem?

Hypothesis: he turned his attention to the problem of Mercury's orbit and found that his theory added a correction, which could account for the discrepancy.


Premise: What river is near Genghis Khan's likely place of burial?

Hypothesis: After he died, his body was returned to Mongolia and presumably to his birthplace in Khentii Aimag, where many assume he is buried somewhere close to the Onon River and the Burkhan Khaldun mountain (part of the Kentii mountain range).


Premise: How much did Capital Cities/ABC report in revenues in 1990?

Hypothesis: In September 1991, the network premiered Home Improvement, a sitcom starring stand-up comic Tim Allen centering on the family and work life of an accident-prone host of a cable-access home improvement show.


Premise: What do chloroplasts use to fix carbon dioxide into sugar?

Hypothesis: Rubisco has a problem—it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen, so at high oxygen concentrations, rubisco starts accidentally adding oxygen to sugar precursors.


Premise: What did these flights test on the CM?

Hypothesis: Two Block I CSMs were launched from LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966 with the Saturn IB.


Premise: What time period did the geoglyphs date back to?

Hypothesis: Since the 1970s, numerous geoglyphs have been discovered on deforested land dating between AD 0–1250, furthering claims about Pre-Columbian civilizations.


Premise: What is the first major city in the stream of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: In the centre of Basel, the first major city in the course of the stream, is located the "Rhine knee"; this is a major bend, where the overall direction of the Rhine changes from West to North.


Premise: What California city last hosted the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985, and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego in 2003.


Premise: What phenomenon has led to criticism?

Hypothesis: Following the Conservative victory in the 2015 UK election, standing orders of the House of Commons were changed to give MPs representing English constituencies a new "veto" over laws only affecting England.


Premise: What would type of studying would require a teacher to take on a supervisor role?

Hypothesis: Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips, supervise study halls, help with the organization of school functions, and serve as supervisors for extracurricular activities.


Premise: What can be seen between hadrons?

Hypothesis: The failure of many searches for free quarks has shown that the elementary particles affected are not directly observable.


Premise: How large are the outer PD ring's filaments?

Hypothesis: It consists of filaments about 5 nanometers across, arranged in rows 6.4 nanometers apart, and shrinks to squeeze the chloroplast.


Premise: Who was the chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce?

Hypothesis: On 23 June 2005, Rep. Joe Barton, chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce wrote joint letters with Ed Whitfield, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations demanding full records on climate research, as well as personal information about their finances and careers, from Mann, Bradley and Hughes.


Premise: How much of the GDP was agriculture in 2005?

Hypothesis: In 2005 agriculture, including forestry and fishing, accounted for 24% of GDP, as well as for 18% of wage employment and 50% of revenue from exports.


Premise: What well-known archeologist believed the Amazon didn't have many inhabitants?

Hypothesis: Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise.


Premise: What is the moniker that is being used to describe the region's diversified technology?

Hypothesis: The Tech Coast is a moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base as well as its multitude of prestigious and world-renowned research universities and other public and private institutions.


Premise: What cycle starts with rubisco?

Hypothesis: The Calvin cycle starts by using the enzyme Rubisco to fix CO2 into five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules.


Premise: What do David Castlles-Quintana and Vicente Royuela do for a living?

Hypothesis: Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict.


Premise: What is a a developing economy's level of inequality bulging out called?

Hypothesis: Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality, Kuznets saw middle-income developing economies level of inequality bulging out to form what is now known as the Kuznets curve.


Premise: How many astronauts was the LM intended to take from orbit of the moon to the surface of the moon?

Hypothesis: The Lunar Module (LM) was designed to descend from lunar orbit to land two astronauts on the Moon and take them back to orbit to rendezvous with the Command Module.


Premise: With what body must a pharmacy technician register?

Hypothesis: A Pharmacy Technician in the UK is considered a health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy) but instead is supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians.


Premise: When were these settlers naturalized as English colonists?

Hypothesis: On 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown.


Premise: In what time frame did Tesla weigh almost exactly the same amount?

Hypothesis: Tesla was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall and weighed 142 pounds (64 kg), with almost no weight variance from 1888 to about 1926.:292


Premise: Though trained as a lawyer, what profession did Maududi pursue instead?

Hypothesis: However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising.


Premise: What type of protest falls under civil disobedience without aggression?

Hypothesis: He encourages a distinction between lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience.


Premise: What can cause fluctuations in the production of corn?

Hypothesis: Horticultural produce and tea are the main growth sectors and the two most valuable of all of Kenya's exports.


Premise: How many scientists called to change the IPCC in Feb 2010?

Hypothesis: In February 2010, in response to controversies regarding claims in the Fourth Assessment Report, five climate scientists – all contributing or lead IPCC report authors – wrote in the journal Nature calling for changes to the IPCC.


Premise: How many campuses does the California State University have?


Premise: Who decides the fate of protesters most of the time?

Hypothesis: It is a matter for the state (including the judges) to decide on utilitarian grounds whether to do so or not."


Premise: What other health issues did Luther have?

Hypothesis: The years of struggle with Rome, the antagonisms with and among his fellow reformers, and the scandal which ensued from the bigamy of the Philip of Hesse incident, in which Luther had played a leading role, all may have contributed.


Premise: Where is the first man-made self-sustaining nuclear reaction located?

Hypothesis: Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field.


Premise: Who is the trophy featured on the logo named for?

Hypothesis: The logo also deviates from the template by featuring large numerals, colored in gold, behind the Vince Lombardi Trophy, instead of underneath and in silver as in the standard logo.


Premise: The motto of the Muslim Brotherhood specifies what as being their constitution?

Hypothesis: Like Maududi, Al Banna believed in the necessity of government rule based on Shariah law implemented gradually and by persuasion, and of eliminating all imperialist influence in the Muslim world.


Premise: What is a protein that is closely intertwined with circadian rhythms?

Hypothesis: When suffering from sleep deprivation, active immunizations may have a diminished effect and may result in lower antibody production, and a lower immune response, than would be noted in a well-rested individual.


Premise: How many cities in southern California have over 200,000 residents?

Hypothesis: In southern California there are also twelve cities with more than 200,000 residents and 34 cities over 100,000 in population.


Premise: Which young general did Genghis Khan send to conquer Qara Khitai?

Hypothesis: Therefore, Genghis sent only two tumen (20,000 soldiers) against Kuchlug, under his younger general, Jebe, known as "The Arrow".


Premise: How many tackles did Luke Kuechly register?

Hypothesis: Davis compiled 5½ sacks, four forced fumbles, and four interceptions, while Kuechly led the team in tackles (118) forced two fumbles, and intercepted four passes of his own.


Premise: How old was Elway during his Super Bowl XXXIII win?

Hypothesis: He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.


Premise: What Universal trailer debuted during the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: 20th Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl.


Premise: What symbol was employed until early in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: The show globe was also used until the early 20th century.


Premise: Who began publishing Doctor Who novels in 2005?

Hypothesis: Numerous non-fiction books about the series, including guidebooks and critical studies, have also been published, and a dedicated Doctor Who Magazine with newsstand circulation has been published regularly since 1979.


Premise: Zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries are called what?

Hypothesis: Among the most well-known experiments in structural geology are those involving orogenic wedges, which are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries.


Premise: When did the United States withdraw from the Bretton Woods Accord?

Hypothesis: On August 15, 1971, the United States unilaterally pulled out of the Bretton Woods Accord.


Premise: What will the "50" given to the Super Bowl winner weigh in pounds?

Hypothesis: Each digit will weigh 33 lb (15 kg) for a total of 66 lb (30 kg).


Premise: When was the Rhine measurement corrected back to the original?

Hypothesis: The error was discovered in 2010, and the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat confirms the length at 1,232 kilometres (766 miles).[note 1]


Premise: What are clades?

Hypothesis: The study also found that there were two previously unknown but related clades (genetic branches) of the Y. pestis genome associated with medieval mass graves.


Premise: in 1932 what was the Rhine measurement changed to?

Hypothesis: After this number was placed into the authoritative Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, it became generally accepted and found its way into numerous textbooks and official publications.


Premise: What is an expression that can be used to illustrate the suspected inequality of complexity classes?

Hypothesis: Proving that any of these classes are unequal would be a major breakthrough in complexity theory.


Premise: What is  the time rate of change of electric charge?

Hypothesis: Through combining the definition of electric current as the time rate of change of electric charge, a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field.


Premise: What was the name of the 2007 Christmas special?

Hypothesis: A revised version of Gold's 2010 arrangement had its debut over the opening titles of the 2012 Christmas special "The Snowmen", and a further revision of the arrangement was made for the 50th Anniversary special "The Day of the Doctor" in November 2013.[citation needed]


Premise: What country has such unmanageable students that many teachers do not discipline them?

Hypothesis: Although, officially, schools have extremely rigid codes of behavior, in practice many teachers find the students unmanageable and do not enforce discipline at all.


Premise: What is set aside for question periods in the debating chamber?

Hypothesis: At 2.30pm, a 40-minute long themed "Question Time" takes place, where members can ask questions of ministers in departments that are selected for questioning that sitting day, such as health and justice or education and transport.


Premise: Why aren't some forms of Hæmatococcus pluvialis green?

Hypothesis: Some plants seem to have kept the genes for the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer, though they've been repurposed for use in chloroplast division instead.


Premise: What is located on the site of The Weaving House currently?

Hypothesis: (It has been adapted as a restaurant—see illustration above.


Premise: What is a single Plastoglobuli called?

Hypothesis: Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts, but become more common when the chloroplast is under oxidative stress, or when it ages and transitions into a gerontoplast.


Premise: What is not considered appropriate disclipine?

Hypothesis: Teachers are expected to respect their students; sarcasm and attempts to humiliate pupils are seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline.[verification needed]


Premise: Oxygen exists in the atmosphere by way of what?

Hypothesis: The rest of the Earth's crust is also made of oxygen compounds, in particular various complex silicates (in silicate minerals).


Premise: How many yards was the field goal Gano made to make the score 16-10?

Hypothesis: On the next play, Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line.


Premise: What are engines using four expansion stages known as?

Hypothesis: Such engines use either three or four expansion stages and are known as triple and quadruple expansion engines respectively.


Premise: If the apparant force of two fermions is attractive, what is the spin function?

Hypothesis: However, already in quantum mechanics there is one "caveat", namely the particles acting onto each other do not only possess the spatial variable, but also a discrete intrinsic angular momentum-like variable called the "spin", and there is the Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables.


Premise: When was the Battle of Frankenhausen?

Hypothesis: Their defeat by the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525, followed by Müntzer's execution, brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close.


Premise: Where is the most successful agricultural prodcution regions?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately, the country has not attained the level of investment and efficiency in agriculture that can guarantee food security and coupled with resulting poverty (53% of the population lives below the poverty line), a significant portion of the population regularly starves and is heavily dependent on food aid.


Premise: Who allegedly coined the name Black Death?

Hypothesis: Gasquet (1908) claimed that the Latin name atra mors (Black Death) for the 14th-century epidemic first appeared in modern times in 1631 in a book on Danish history by J.I. Pontanus: "Vulgo & ab effectu atram mortem vocatibant.


Premise: What did NSFNET eventually provide

Hypothesis: The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States.


Premise: Who did the geographic scholars work for?

Hypothesis: The people of these climates were believed to be in need of guidance and intervention from the European empire to aid in the governing of a more evolved social structure; they were seen as incapable of such a feat.


Premise: What are the three major types of rock?

Hypothesis: There are three major types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.


Premise: Aside from BBC Radio 5, what radio station will broadcast the game?

Hypothesis: The BBC will carry its own British English broadcast, with Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman on commentary.


Premise: What type of living does cycling promote?

Hypothesis: The authority also has infrastructure aims and objectives which include: developing on road cycle networks on quieter streets; making safer routes on busier streets; innovating and implementing contraflows on one way streets; developing the existing off road cycle route networks and improve signage; joining up routes that are partially or completely isolated; Increase the number of cycle parking facilities; working with employers to integrate cycling into workplace travel plans; link the local networks to national networks.


Premise: Where was Shirley planning an expedition?

Hypothesis: Bogged down by disagreements and disputes with others, including William Johnson and New York's Governor Sir Charles Hardy, Shirley's plan had little support.


Premise: What early Huguenot Church was established in England?

Hypothesis: The French Protestant Church of London was established by Royal Charter in 1550.


Premise: What goal does Islamism have when it comes to society and government?

Hypothesis: The movements have "arguably altered the Middle East more than any trend since the modern states gained independence", redefining "politics and even borders" according to one journalist (Robin Wright).


Premise: What did Tesla develop in 1887?

Hypothesis: One of the things Tesla developed at that laboratory in 1887 was an induction motor that ran on alternating current, a power system format that was starting to be built in Europe and the United States because of its advantages in long-distance, high-voltage transmission.


Premise: What Chinese-style name did Rinchinbal use?

Hypothesis: One of his successful projects was to finish the long-stalled official histories of the Liao, Jin, and Song dynasties, which were eventually completed in 1345.


Premise: In what year did the film also mention the number of regenerations?

Hypothesis: The serials The Deadly Assassin and Mawdryn Undead and the 1996 TV film would later establish that a Time Lord can only regenerate 12 times, for a total of 13 incarnations.


Premise: What kind of system of infection involves inserting a hollow tube into a host cell?

Hypothesis: Bacteria often overcome physical barriers by secreting enzymes that digest the barrier, for example, by using a type II secretion system.


Premise: The Tower District is centered around which historic theatre?

Hypothesis: The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District is centered around the historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National List of Historic Places.


Premise: What do redistribution mechanisms lead to?

Hypothesis: Economist Simon Kuznets argued that levels of economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development.


Premise: Who first wrote about the Rhine's discovery and border?

Hypothesis: The Rhine was not known to Herodotus and first enters the historical period in the 1st century BC in Roman-era geography.


Premise: Where was France concentraing efforts?

Hypothesis: France concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war.


Premise: When was the regime in Pakistan overthrown by General Zia-ul-Haq?

Hypothesis: Zia-ul-Haq was killed in 1988 but Islamization remains an important element in Pakistani society.


Premise: Where did Old Briton call home?

Hypothesis: Céloron continued south until his expedition reached the confluence of the Ohio and the Miami rivers, which lay just south of the village of Pickawillany, the home of the Miami chief known as "Old Briton".


Premise: Where is corporal punishment usually performed these days?

Hypothesis: This often used to take place in the classroom or hallway, but nowadays the punishment is usually given privately in the principal's office.


Premise: How many years does the V&A's collections span?

Hypothesis: Its collection spans 5,000 years of art, from ancient times to the present day, from the cultures of Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa.


Premise: Where did the Meuse flow before the flood?

Hypothesis: For flood protection reasons, the Meuse was separated from the Waal through a lock and diverted into a new outlet called "Bergse Maas", then Amer and then flows into the former bay Hollands Diep.


Premise: What are stators attached to?

Hypothesis: Turbines are only efficient if they rotate at relatively high speed, therefore they are usually connected to reduction gearing to drive lower speed applications, such as a ship's propeller.


Premise: What did Luther think of Purgatory?

Hypothesis: This also led Luther to reject the idea of torments for the saints: "It is enough for us to know that souls do not leave their bodies to be threatened by the torments and punishments of hell, but enter a prepared bedchamber in which they sleep in peace."


Premise: What percentage of money raised by the Host Committee will be used for charitable causes?

Hypothesis: The committee created the 50 fund as its philanthropic initiative and focuses on providing grants to aid with youth development, community investment and sustainable environments.


Premise: Which part of the V&A collection did the Salting Bequest enhanced?

Hypothesis: A major boost to the collections was the Salting Bequest made in 1909, which enriched the museum's stock of Chinese and Japanese ceramics.


Premise: Who did Luther view to be the Antichrist?

Hypothesis: He saw the Turks as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God, as agents of the Biblical apocalypse that would destroy the antichrist, whom Luther believed to be the papacy, and the Roman Church.


Premise: What was persistent unemployment have a negative effect on?

Hypothesis: High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth.


Premise: What persons were not allowed to settle in New France?

Hypothesis: The French crown's refusal to allow non-Catholics to settle in New France may help to explain that colony's slow rate of population growth compared to that of the neighbouring British colonies, which opened settlement to religious dissenters.


Premise: What is the name of matters outside the legislative ability of the Scottish Parliament?

Hypothesis: The Scottish Parliament is unable to legislate on such issues that are reserved to, and dealt with at, Westminster (and where Ministerial functions usually lie with UK Government ministers).


Premise: Which famous Dutch artist who painted The Night Watch is represented in the drawings collection of the V&A?

Hypothesis: The collection of drawings includes over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works, including works by: Dürer, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Bernardo Buontalenti, Rembrandt, Antonio Verrio, Paul Sandby, John Russell, Angelica Kauffman, John Flaxman, Hugh Douglas Hamilton, Thomas Rowlandson, William Kilburn, Thomas Girtin, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, David Wilkie, John Martin, Samuel Palmer, Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, Lord Frederic Leighton, Sir Samuel Luke Fildes and Aubrey Beardsley.


Premise: How many dairy cows are there in Australia?

Hypothesis: It is home to 60% of Australia's 3 million dairy cattle and produces nearly two-thirds of the nation's milk, almost 6.4 billion litres.


Premise: What individuals were responsible for authoring "On the Computational Complexity of Algorithms"?

Hypothesis: Also, in 1965 Edmonds defined a "good" algorithm as one with running time bounded by a polynomial of the input size.


Premise: What crew sent the first ever live images of the Earth and Moon to earth?

Hypothesis: An estimated one-quarter of the population of the world saw—either live or delayed—the Christmas Eve transmission during the ninth orbit of the Moon.


Premise: What is the largest item from Italy that is part of the sculpture collection?

Hypothesis: The largest item from Italy is the Chancel Chapel from Santa Chiara Florence dated 1493–1500, designed by Giuliano da Sangallo it is 11.1 metres in height by 5.4 metres square, it includes a grand sculpted tabernacle by Antonio Rossellino and coloured terracotta decoration.


Premise: In what year did Newcomen's engine pump in a mine?

Hypothesis: Thomas Newcomen's atmospheric engine was the first commercial true steam engine using a piston, and was used in 1712 for pumping in a mine.


Premise: What helped the Lama determine to be reborn?

Hypothesis: In Tibetan Buddhism the teachers of Dharma in Tibet are most commonly called a Lama.


Premise: Where did Tesla go to feed the pigeons daily?

Hypothesis: Near the end of his life, Tesla walked to the park every day to feed the pigeons and even brought injured ones into his hotel room to nurse back to health.


Premise: What area in South Africa accepted Huguenot colonists?

Hypothesis: The bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland.


Premise: Along with Dan Fouts, who served as a color analyst for the radio broadcast?

Hypothesis: Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters.


Premise: From what project did the Apollo 11 crew consist entirely of?

Hypothesis: They spent a total of 21 hours, 36 minutes on the surface, and spent 2 hours, 31 minutes outside the spacecraft, walking on the surface, taking photographs, collecting material samples, and deploying automated scientific instruments, while continuously sending black-and-white television back to Earth.


Premise: How big was the Vertical Assembly Building?

Hypothesis: The Apollo spacecraft could be tested in two vacuum chambers capable of simulating atmospheric pressure at altitudes up to 250,000 feet (76 km), which is nearly a vacuum.


Premise: Where are some of the best medical facilities in East-Central Europe located?

Hypothesis: The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI), the highest-reference hospital in all of Poland, as well as an active research and education center.


Premise: In which case were French vigilantes sabotaging shipments of Spanish Strawberries?

Hypothesis: It discriminated against parallel importers like Mr Dassonville, who could not get certificates from authorities in France, where they bought the Scotch.


Premise: Who did Martin Luther marry?

Hypothesis: At the time of their marriage, Katharina was 26 years old and Luther was 41 years old.


Premise: Who was the number two draft pick for 2011?

Hypothesis: The matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other: Newton for Carolina and Von Miller for Denver.


Premise: How many narrow gauge rail lines were previously government owned?

Hypothesis: Two tourist railways operate over 760 mm (2 ft 6 in) narrow gauge lines, which are the remnants of five formerly government-owned lines which were built in mountainous areas.


Premise: Who knocked the ball out of Manning's hands on the next play?

Hypothesis: On the next play, Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning's hand as he was winding up for a pass, and then recovered it for Carolina on the 50-yard line.


Premise: After 1945, what challenged the French empire?

Hypothesis: Whereas they won the war in Algeria, the French leader at the time, Charles de Gaulle, decided to grant Algeria independence anyway in 1962.


Premise: What was the purpose of the Turks in Luther's mind?

Hypothesis: He saw the Turks as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God, as agents of the Biblical apocalypse that would destroy the antichrist, whom Luther believed to be the papacy, and the Roman Church.


Premise: Which Denver linebacker was named Super Bowl MVP?

Hypothesis: Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.


Premise: Approximately how many textiles comprise the museum's collections of South and South-East Asian art?

Hypothesis: The Jawaharlal Nehru gallery of Indian art, opened in 1991, contains art from about 500 BC to the 19th century.


Premise: What building materials were used to build the main façade?

Hypothesis: The main windows to the galleries are also mullioned and transomed, again a Gothic feature, the top row of windows are interspersed with statues of many of the British artists whose work is displayed in the museum.


Premise: What city was the media event held for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The game's media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night.


Premise: How much do ctenophore eat in a day?

Hypothesis: In favorable circumstances, ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day.


Premise: Approximately how many objects comprise the museum's collections of South and South-East Asian art?


Premise: When was BSkyB's digital service launched?

Hypothesis: now called Sky Active, BSkyB competed with the ONdigital (later ITV Digital) terrestrial offering and cable services.


Premise: What type of movies were produced in Jacksonville's 30 studios?

Hypothesis: Over the course of the decade, more than 30 silent film studios were established, earning Jacksonville the title of "Winter Film Capital of the World".


Premise: What kind of chloroplasts do diatoms have?

Hypothesis: Endosymbiotic gene transfer is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages.


Premise: Sky Movies and Sky Box office also include what optional soundtracks?

Hypothesis: Sky News, amongst other channels, provides a pseudo-video on demand interactive service by broadcasting looping video streams.


Premise: Which part of the immune system protects the brain?

Hypothesis: The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.


Premise: In which year did Genghis Khan's grandson invade Kievan Rus'?

Hypothesis: His descendant Hulagu Khan destroyed much of Iran's northern part and sacked Baghdad although his forces were halted by the Mamluks of Egypt, but Hulagu's descendant Ghazan Khan would return to beat the Egyptian Mamluks right out of Levant, Palestine and even Gaza.


Premise: What was the name of the infamous German Gestapo prison?

Hypothesis: Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom and the museum, is only the beginning of a walk in the traces of Heroic City.


Premise: If a detention requires a pupil to just sit there, how are they required to sit?

Hypothesis: It requires the pupil to remain in school at a given time in the school day (such as lunch, recess or after school); or even to attend school on a non-school day, e.g. "Saturday detention" held at some schools.


Premise: What would a teacher do for someone who is timid?

Hypothesis: For example, an experienced teacher and parent described the place of a teacher in learning as follows: "The real bulk of learning takes place in self-study and problem solving with a lot of feedback around that loop.


Premise: At what pressure is water heated in the Rankine cycle?

Hypothesis: In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure.


Premise: How many stations did ABC have affiliation agreements with in 2015?

Hypothesis: As of March 2015[update], ABC has eight owned-and-operated stations, and current and pending affiliation agreements with 235 additional television stations encompassing 49 states, the District of Columbia, four U.S. possessions, Bermuda and Saba; this makes ABC the largest U.S. broadcast television network by total number of affiliates.


Premise: In what year was an early admission program reintroduced?

Hypothesis: Harvard College ended its early admissions program in 2007 as the program was believed to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities, yet for the class of 2016 an Early Action program was reintroduced.


Premise: What is the name of the bridge that joins parts of the campus of the Charles River?

Hypothesis: The Harvard Business School and many of the university's athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston.


Premise: How are chloroplasts in land plants usually shaped?

Hypothesis: Some algae have two chloroplasts in each cell; they are star-shaped in Zygnema, or may follow the shape of half the cell in order Desmidiales.


Premise: What is the name of the supposition that there are infinite pairs of primes whose difference is 2?

Hypothesis: Many questions regarding prime numbers remain open, such as Goldbach's conjecture (that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes), and the twin prime conjecture (that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2).


Premise: How fast is pharmacy informatics growing?

Hypothesis: Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science.


Premise: What advancements besides military technology did Europe achieve?

Hypothesis: Along with advancements in communication, Europe also continued to advance in military technology.


Premise: Other than the San Jacinto Fault, and the Elsinore Fault, name one other fault.

Hypothesis: Other faults include the San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone.


Premise: What have peridinin-type chloroplasts lost?

Hypothesis: The peridinin chloroplast is bounded by three membranes (occasionally two), having lost the red algal endosymbiont's original cell membrane.


Premise: What hit reality series debuted for ABC in 2002?

Hypothesis: In September, Disney Chairman/CEO Michael Eisner outlined a proposed realignment of the ABC broadcast network day parts with the similar unit in its cable channels: ABC Saturday mornings with Disney Channels (Toon & Playhouse), ABC daytime with Soapnet and ABC prime time with ABC Family.


Premise: How many developed countries did British researchers use to gather statistics from?

Hypothesis: British researchers Richard G. Wilkinson and Kate Pickett have found higher rates of health and social problems (obesity, mental illness, homicides, teenage births, incarceration, child conflict, drug use), and lower rates of social goods (life expectancy by country, educational performance, trust among strangers, women's status, social mobility, even numbers of patents issued) in countries and states with higher inequality.


Premise: What was East and Central Africa's economy boosted by?

Hypothesis: East and Central Africa's biggest economy has posted tremendous growth in the service sector, boosted by rapid expansion in telecommunication and financial activity over the last decade, and now[when?] contributes 62% of GDP.


Premise: What was notable about the butterflies?

Hypothesis: Butterflies were electrified, swirling in circles with blue halos of St. Elmo's fire around their wings.


Premise: What was the score for the 2015 NFC championship game?

Hypothesis: The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round, running up a 31–0 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt to win 31–24, avenging their elimination from a year earlier.


Premise: What is a term that means constant temperature?

Hypothesis: The main difference is that heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the condenser) are isobaric (constant pressure) processes in the Rankine cycle and isothermal (constant temperature) processes in the theoretical Carnot cycle.


Premise: How many tree species are in the rainforest?

Hypothesis: To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social interest have been registered in the region with many more remaining to be discovered or catalogued.


Premise: First published by Sir Charles Lyell in 1830 this book was called what?

Hypothesis: This book, which influenced the thought of Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism.


Premise: What is the chloroplast of Dinophysis?

Hypothesis: However, the cryptophyte is not an endosymbiont—only the chloroplast seems to have been taken, and the chloroplast has been stripped of its nucleomorph and outermost two membranes, leaving just a two-membraned chloroplast.


Premise: What other invention of Tesla's did Westinghouse license?

Hypothesis: His work in the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current "War of Currents" as well as various patent battles.


Premise: Name a larger car that Toyota came up with as buyers lamented the small sized compacts?

Hypothesis: A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.


Premise: Where was the Continental Edison Company located?

Hypothesis: In June 1884, he relocated to New York City:57–60 where he was hired by Thomas Edison to work at his Edison Machine Works on Manhattan's lower east side.


Premise: Analysis of what kind of deposits from the Amazon Fan indicates a change in rainfall in the Amazon basin?

Hypothesis: Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin.


Premise: Which book by Edward Said portrayed the east as being the "others?"

Hypothesis: For instance, American geographer Ellen Churchill Semple argued that even though human beings originated in the tropics they were only able to become fully human in the temperate zone.


Premise: When did internet pharmacies begin to come into being?

Hypothesis: Some customers consider this to be more convenient and private method rather than traveling to a community drugstore where another customer might overhear about the drugs that they take.


Premise: What is name of the function used for the largest integer not greater than the number in question?

Hypothesis: Another formula is based on Wilson's theorem and generates the number 2 many times and all other primes exactly once.


Premise: In 1984 Thomas Murphy contacted Leonard Goldenson about merging ABC with what company?

Hypothesis: Due to an FCC ban on same-market ownership of television and radio stations by a single company (although the deal would have otherwise complied with new ownership rules implemented by the FCC in January 1985, that allowed broadcasters to own a maximum of 12 television stations), ABC and Capital Cities respectively decided to sell WXYZ-TV and Tampa independent station WFTS-TV to the E. W. Scripps Company (although Capital Cities/ABC originally intended to seek a cross-ownership waiver to retain WXYZ and Capital Cities-owned radio stations WJR and WHYT).


Premise: How many astronauts was the LM intended to take from orbit of the moon to the surface of the moon?

Hypothesis: Not designed to fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth, its fuselage was designed totally without aerodynamic considerations, and was of an extremely lightweight construction.


Premise: Who directed Stormy Monday?

Hypothesis: The city was also backdrop to another gangster film, the 1988 film noir thriller Stormy Monday, directed by Mike Figgis and starring Tommy Lee Jones, Melanie Griffith, Sting and Sean Bean.


Premise: To what place did he bring the injured pigeons to take care of them?

Hypothesis: Tesla spent over $2,000, including building a device that comfortably supported her so her bones could heal, to fix her broken wing and leg.


Premise: Where did the discharge from glaciers go in Europe in the last Ice Age?

Hypothesis: Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine and its downstream extension.


Premise: What U.S. entity said that corporal punishment was Constitutional?

Hypothesis: Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it, but it remains lawful in the United States following a US Supreme Court decision in 1977 which held that paddling did not violate the US Constitution.


Premise: What is the name of the holding company for BSkyB?

Hypothesis: Following BSkyB's 2014 acquisition of Sky Italia and a majority 90.04% interest in Sky Deutschland in November 2014, its holding company British Sky Broadcasting Group plc changed its name to Sky plc.


Premise: Which department sponsors the Victoria and Albert Museum?

Hypothesis: These include the Natural History Museum, the Science Museum and the Royal Albert Hall.


Premise: What kinds of growth did Kublai encourage?

Hypothesis: Marco Polo's travels would later inspire many others like Christopher Columbus to chart a passage to the Far East in search of its legendary wealth.


Premise: What increased in the Rhine because of the land clearance in the upland areas?

Hypothesis: The shifting of river channels to new locations, on the floodplain (termed avulsion), was the main process distributing sediment across the subrecent delta.


Premise: What's the regional nickname for Newcastle and its surrounding area?

Hypothesis: The regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area is Geordie.


Premise: What was notable about the butterflies?

Hypothesis: People walking along the street observed sparks jumping between their feet and the ground.


Premise: What innovation in Mongolian language is credited to Genghis Khan?

Hypothesis: He is also given credit for the introduction of the traditional Mongolian script and the creation of the Ikh Zasag (Great Administration), the first written Mongolian law.


Premise: Who did Edward make archbishop of Canterbury?

Hypothesis: He invited his brother-in-law Eustace II, Count of Boulogne to his court in 1051, an event which resulted in the greatest of early conflicts between Saxon and Norman and ultimately resulted in the exile of Earl Godwin of Wessex.


Premise: Which principle is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks?

Hypothesis: The principle of faunal succession is based on the appearance of fossils in sedimentary rocks.


Premise: Who lost to the Panthers in the divisional round of the playoffs?

Hypothesis: The Panthers beat the Seattle Seahawks in the divisional round, running up a 31–0 halftime lead and then holding off a furious second half comeback attempt to win 31–24, avenging their elimination from a year earlier.


Premise: What does phycoerytherin appear in?

Hypothesis: Phycobilins come in all colors, though phycoerytherin is one of the pigments that makes many red algae red.


Premise: What was Tesla's belief as to the selling price of the biplane?

Hypothesis: Tesla thought the plane would sell for less than $1,000.:251


Premise: What is th elast name of the player who was the Super Bowl 50 winner's leading rusher?

Hypothesis: He was also the team's leading rusher with 45 yards on six carries.


Premise: When did Gou's calendar become the official calendar of the Yuan?

Hypothesis: His calendar, the Shoushi Li (授時暦) or Calendar for Fixing the Seasons, was disseminated in 1281 as the official calendar of the Yuan dynasty.


Premise: What happened to his lab?

Hypothesis: On 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed]


Premise: In 1735, who did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel to in America?

Hypothesis: In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia.


Premise: Which examples of fashion does the museum continue to acquire for its collection?

Hypothesis: In 2002, the Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes.


Premise: What does the UN want to stabilize?

Hypothesis: The IPCC produces reports that support the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is the main international treaty on climate change.


Premise: What two governors agreed to a truce to protect their young colonies?

Hypothesis: Lt Col Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck took command of the German military forces, determined to tie down as many British resources as possible.


Premise: What is the expression used to denote a worst case complexity as expressed by time taken?

Hypothesis: If we assume that all possible permutations of the input list are equally likely, the average time taken for sorting is O(n log n).


Premise: What bridge did the Germans fail to demolish?

Hypothesis: In a separate operation, the Ludendorff Bridge, crossing the Rhine at Remagen, became famous, when U.S. forces were able to capture it intact – much to their own surprise – after the Germans failed to demolish it.


Premise: How many Muslims are in Greater London?

Hypothesis: Greater London has over 900,000 Muslims, (most of South Asian origins and concentrated in the East London boroughs of Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest), and among them are some with a strong Islamist outlook.


Premise: Who was responsible for the glass balustrade on the staircase and mezzanine in the main gallery?

Hypothesis: One of the most spectacular items in the collection is the chandelier by Dale Chihuly in the rotunda at the Museum's main entrance.


Premise: What was suggested at the Symposium in 1967

Hypothesis: A member of Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury) met Lawrence Roberts at the 1967 ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles and suggested it for use in the ARPANET.


Premise: What is the shortened name of the annual yacht race that takes place?

Hypothesis: The annual Transpacific Yacht Race, or Transpac, from Los Angeles to Hawaii, is one of yachting's premier events.


Premise: Besides combustion, for what other action did Mayow show nitroaereus responsible?

Hypothesis: English chemist John Mayow (1641–1679) refined this work by showing that fire requires only a part of air that he called spiritus nitroaereus or just nitroaereus.


Premise: Who wrote the poem The Mark of Anarchy?

Hypothesis: The Mask of Anarchy later that year, that begins with the images of what he thought to be the unjust forms of authority of his time—and then imagines the stirrings of a new form of social action.


Premise: How much support does evidence provide for the view that labor-market flexibility improves labor-market outcomes?

Hypothesis: Despite popular prejudices to the contrary, the U.S. economy consistently affords a lower level of economic mobility than all the continental European countries for which data is available."


Premise: When was this edict declared?

Hypothesis: They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who progressively increased persecution of them until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685), which abolished all legal recognition of Protestantism in France, and forced the Huguenots to convert.


Premise: Who allegedly haunted the gate?

Hypothesis: It was in this place in Tours that the prétendus réformés ("these supposedly 'reformed'") habitually gathered at night, both for political purposes, and for prayer and singing psalms.


Premise: Who was an important figure in the twentieth-century Islamic revival in India?

Hypothesis: His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose "Islamization of Knowledge" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles.


Premise: By how much did Labour lead Lain Gray retain East Lothian?

Hypothesis: The SNP overall majority meant that there was sufficient support in the Scottish Parliament to hold a referendum on Scottish independence.


Premise: The practice of occupying and looting Huguenot homes was called?

Hypothesis: Then he imposed penalties, closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favored professions.


Premise: Why did he want to make the language accessible to people?

Hypothesis: He intended his vigorous, direct language to make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans, "for we are removing impediments and difficulties so that other people may read it without hindrance."


Premise: How much did Westinghouse pay for Tesla's patents in order to escape its financial problems?

Hypothesis: Westinghouse convinced Tesla to release his company from the licensing agreement over Tesla's AC patents in exchange for Westinghouse Electric purchasing the patents for a lump sum payment of $216,000; this provided Westinghouse a break from what, due to alternating current's rapid gain in popularity, had turned out to be an overly generous $2.50 per AC horsepower royalty.


Premise: When did Mongke Khan die?

Hypothesis: Kublai convened a kurultai in Kaiping that elected him Great Khan.


Premise: What do chloroplasts do like mitochondria?

Hypothesis: Because chloroplast ATP synthase projects out into the stroma, the ATP is synthesized there, in position to be used in the dark reactions.


Premise: How much did Westinghouse pay to license Tesla's designs?

Hypothesis: Westinghouse also hired Tesla for one year for the large fee of $2,000 ($52,700 in today's dollars) per month to be a consultant at the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs.


Premise: Who licensed Tesla's induction motor?

Hypothesis: His work in the formative years of electric power development was involved in a corporate alternating current/direct current "War of Currents" as well as various patent battles.


Premise: How many years does the V&A glass collection cover?

Hypothesis: The stained glass collection is possibly the finest in the world, covering the medieval to modern periods, and covering Europe as well as Britain.


Premise: What was the time on the clock when Carolina got the ball to their 24-yard line in the fourth quarter?

Hypothesis: On the next play, Miller stripped the ball away from Newton, and after several players dove for it, it took a long bounce backwards and was recovered by Ward, who returned it five yards to the Panthers 4-yard line.


Premise: What did Roland Bainton say about Luther's position on Jews?

Hypothesis: Similarly, Roland Bainton, noted church historian and Luther biographer, wrote "One could wish that Luther had died before ever [On the Jews and Their Lies] was written.


Premise: What does it mean for a knot to be considered indecomposable?

Hypothesis: For example, in knot theory, a prime knot is a knot that is indecomposable in the sense that it cannot be written as the knot sum of two nontrivial knots.


Premise: In the wake of the ABC and Capital Cities merger, who was the president of ABC News and ABC Sports?

Hypothesis: It also initiated several changes in its management: Frederick S. Pierce was named president of ABC's broadcasting division; Michael P. Millardi became vice president of ABC Broadcasting, and president of ABC Owned Stations and ABC Video Enterprises; John B. Sias was appointed president of the ABC Television Network; Brandon Stoddard became president of ABC Entertainment (a position to which he had been appointed in November 1985); and Roone Arledge became president of ABC News and ABC Sports.


Premise: How many white settlers were living in Kenya in the 1950's?

Hypothesis: The central highlands were already home to over a million members of the Kikuyu people, most of whom had no land claims in European terms and lived as itinerant farmers.


Premise: How much of the IPCC attendees are government representatives?

Hypothesis: The meeting report states there were 322 persons in attendance at Sessions with about seven-eighths of participants being from governmental organizations.


Premise: What are rhodoplasts' phycobilin pigments combined into?

Hypothesis: Rhodoplasts have a double membrane with an intermembrane space and phycobilin pigments organized into phycobilisomes on the thylakoid membranes, preventing their thylakoids from stacking.


Premise: What type of plea is sometimes taken as an act of disobedience?

Hypothesis: . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen."


Premise: What comedy featuring stand up comedian Tim Allen debuted in 1991?

Hypothesis: Lasting nine seasons, its success led ABC to greenlight additional sitcom projects helmed by comedians during the 1990s including The Drew Carey Show; Brett Butler vehicle Grace Under Fire; and Ellen, which became notable for a 1997 episode which served as the coming out of series star Ellen DeGeneres (as well as her character in the series) as a lesbian.


Premise: What is defined as the majority vote?

Hypothesis: TEU article 16(4) and TFEU article 238(3) define this to mean at least 55 per cent of the Council members (not votes) representing 65 per cent of the population of the EU: currently this means around 74 per cent, or 260 of the 352 votes.


Premise: Who originally led the Space Task Group?

Hypothesis: It became clear that managing the Apollo program would exceed the capabilities of Robert R. Gilruth's Space Task Group, which had been directing the nation's manned space program from NASA's Langley Research Center.


Premise: How many Saturn V rockets were produced by NASA during the Apollo project?

Hypothesis: This included all research and development costs; the procurement of 15 Saturn V rockets, 16 Command/Service Modules, 12 Lunar Modules, plus program support and management costs; construction expenses for facilities and their upgrading, and costs for flight operations.


Premise: What artist provided the woodcuts for Luther's Bible?

Hypothesis: The Luther Bible influenced other vernacular translations, such as William Tyndale's English Bible (1525 forward), a precursor of the King James Bible.


Premise: What was the episode name of Simpson's first Doctor Who score?

Hypothesis: The most frequent musical contributor during the first 15 years was Dudley Simpson, who is also well known for his theme and incidental music for Blake's 7, and for his haunting theme music and score for the original 1970s version of The Tomorrow People.


Premise: What day was the game played on?

Hypothesis: The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California.


Premise: In what battle were the Mongols defeated by the Tran?

Hypothesis: The Tran dynasty which ruled Annam (Dai Viet) crushed and defeated the Mongols at the Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288).


Premise: From 1947 to 1967, how much did the price of oil increase?

Hypothesis: From 1947 to 1967, the dollar price of oil had risen by less than two percent per year.


Premise: What does Salafism in its harshest form encourage its followers to view the religion of others with?

Hypothesis: In its harshest form it preached that Muslims should not only "always oppose" infidels "in every way," but "hate them for their religion ... for Allah's sake," that democracy "is responsible for all the horrible wars of the 20th century," that Shia and other non-Wahhabi Muslims were infidels, etc.


Premise: Who was made rich and prosperous prior to World War 1

Hypothesis: They claim that European imperialism was influential, and Europeans rejected the notion that "imperialism" required formal, legal control by one government over another country.


Premise: Where is the George W. Bush Presidential library?

Hypothesis: The decision generated controversy in light of Bush's support of the Iraq War which the church bishops have criticized.


Premise: The V&A's youth outreach programme was a hallmark of whose directorship?

Hypothesis: This innovative approach to bringing young people to museums was a hallmark of the directorship of Roy Strong and was subsequently emulated by some other British museums.


Premise: What was the entity that stepped in and caused Miami's Sun Life Stadium to no longer be in the running to host Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The South Florida/Miami area has previously hosted the event 10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010.


Premise: In what direction does the mountain system extend?

Hypothesis: The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria.


Premise: What actor played the Valeyard?

Hypothesis: Another example is from the 1986 serial The Trial of a Time Lord, where Michael Jayston portrayed the Valeyard, who is described as an amalgamation of the darker sides of the Doctor's nature, somewhere between his twelfth and final incarnation.


Premise: How did the United States plan to subdue imperialistic tendencies?

Hypothesis: In 1898, Americans who opposed imperialism created the Anti-Imperialist League to oppose the US annexation of the Philippines and Cuba.


Premise: When did the merger between ABC and Capital Cities gain federal approval?

Hypothesis: It also initiated several changes in its management: Frederick S. Pierce was named president of ABC's broadcasting division; Michael P. Millardi became vice president of ABC Broadcasting, and president of ABC Owned Stations and ABC Video Enterprises; John B. Sias was appointed president of the ABC Television Network; Brandon Stoddard became president of ABC Entertainment (a position to which he had been appointed in November 1985); and Roone Arledge became president of ABC News and ABC Sports.


Premise: What type of support does co-teaching provide?

Hypothesis: Co-teaching focuses the student on learning by providing a social networking support that allows them to reach their full cognitive potential.


Premise: At what speed did the turbine operate?

Hypothesis: During 1910–1911 at the Waterside Power Station in New York, several of his bladeless turbine engines were tested at 100–5,000 hp.


Premise: What is the name of Doctor Who granddaughter?

Hypothesis: In the 1967 serial, Tomb of the Cybermen, when Victoria Waterfield doubts the Doctor can remember his family because of, "being so ancient", the Doctor says that he can when he really wants to—"The rest of the time they sleep in my mind".


Premise: What does Warszawa mean in Polish?

Hypothesis: Warsaw's name in the Polish language is Warszawa, approximately /vɑːrˈʃɑːvə/


Premise: What are stators attached to?

Hypothesis: A steam turbine consists of one or more rotors (rotating discs) mounted on a drive shaft, alternating with a series of stators (static discs) fixed to the turbine casing.


Premise: By whom is European Law applied by?

Hypothesis: European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.


Premise: Is corporal punishment increasing or declining in the South?

Hypothesis: 30 US states have banned corporal punishment, the others (mostly in the South) have not.


Premise: How far from Warsaw does the Vistula river's environment change noticeably?

Hypothesis: About 15 kilometres (9 miles) from Warsaw, the Vistula river's environment changes strikingly and features a perfectly preserved ecosystem, with a habitat of animals that includes the otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species.


Premise: How is circuit switching charecterized

Hypothesis: In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages.


Premise: What Denver player had 109 tackels for the 2015 season?

Hypothesis: Linebacker Brandon Marshall led the team in total tackles with 109, while Danny Trevathan ranked second with 102.


Premise: What did the government and civil society organisations start after the riots?

Hypothesis: Since the election riots, the government and civil society organisations started programmes to avoid similar disasters in the future, said Agnes R. M. Aboum – executive director of TAABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi – in the magazine D+C Development and Cooperation.


Premise: To what century did the idea of ether belong?

Hypothesis: Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics in his writings; he disagreed with the theory of atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles, stating there was no such thing as an electron creating an electric charge (he believed that if electrons existed at all, they were some fourth state of matter or "sub-atom" that could only exist in an experimental vacuum and that they had nothing to do with electricity).:249 Tesla believed that atoms are immutable—they could not change state or be split in any way.


Premise: How many natural reserves are in Warsaw?

Hypothesis: There are 13 natural reserves in Warsaw – among others, Bielany Forest, Kabaty Woods, Czerniaków Lake.


Premise: Who is the quarterback for the Carolina Panthers?

Hypothesis: Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton had one of his best seasons, throwing for 3,837 yards and rushing for 636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions, and a career-best quarterback rating of 99.4.


Premise: There are other categories for what?

Hypothesis: To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors.


Premise: What status has the Brotherhood obtained in the Islamic world?

Hypothesis: Despite periodic repression, the Brotherhood has become one of the most influential movements in the Islamic world, particularly in the Arab world.


Premise: What needs to be made to ensure poorer members of society can participate in economic growth?

Hypothesis: While acknowledging the central role economic growth can potentially play in human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, it is becoming widely understood amongst the development community that special efforts must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth.


Premise: What is Warsaw's economy characterized by?

Hypothesis: Warsaw's economy, by a wide variety of industries, is characterised by FMCG manufacturing, metal processing, steel and electronic manufacturing and food processing.


Premise: How long did it take for the Theses printing to spread thought Germany?

Hypothesis: Within two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months, they had spread throughout Europe.


Premise: What did Gou use for astronomy?

Hypothesis: Gou derived a cubic interpolation formula for his astronomical calculations.


Premise: What did Warner Sinback decide

Hypothesis: He decided that a time-sharing system, based on Kemney's work at Dartmouth—which used a computer on loan from GE—could be profitable.


Premise: Political advantage is an attribute of which state policies?

Hypothesis: Although imperialism and colonialism focus on the suppression of an other, if colonialism refers to the process of a country taking physical control of another, imperialism refers to the political and monetary dominance, either formally or informally.


Premise: What conviction did many Poles have regarding how the Varsovians thought of themselves?

Hypothesis: It also bolstered some kind of conviction among Poles that Varsovians thought of themselves as better only because they lived in the capital.


Premise: In what year was an early admission program reintroduced?

Hypothesis: Harvard College accepted 5.3% of applicants for the class of 2019, a record low and the second lowest acceptance rate among all national universities.


Premise: On what scale would scientists show measurements of vegetation?

Hypothesis: The measurement is technically difficult owing to the low signal-to-noise ratio and the physical structure of vegetation; but it has been proposed as a possible method of monitoring the carbon cycle from satellites on a global scale.


Premise: In what decade did ABC finish transitioning to color?

Hypothesis: In the early 1970s, ABC completed its transition to color; the decade as a whole would mark a turning point for ABC, as it began to pass CBS and NBC in the ratings to become the first place network.


Premise: What were the towns granted to the Huguenots in 1598 collectively called?

Hypothesis: Montpellier was among the most important of the 66 "villes de sûreté" that the Edict of 1598 granted to the Huguenots.


Premise: What are free-to-air encrypted broadcasts known as?

Hypothesis: To view the encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver (all of which are dedicated to the Sky service, and cannot be used to decrypt other services) needs to be used.


Premise: What does chlorophyll use light energy to do?

Hypothesis: ATP synthase is a large protein complex that harnesses the concentration gradient of the hydrogen ions in the thylakoid space to generate ATP energy as the hydrogen ions flow back out into the stroma—much like a dam turbine.


Premise: What has recent testing of Kuznets theory with superior data show it to be?

Hypothesis: However, more recent testing of this theory with superior panel data has shown it to be very weak.


Premise: When did oxygen begin to move from the oceans to the atmosphere?

Hypothesis: When such oxygen sinks became saturated, free oxygen began to outgas from the oceans 3–2.7 billion years ago, reaching 10% of its present level around 1.7 billion years ago.


Premise: What might cause a higher student interest in learning the presented subject?

Hypothesis: Teacher enthusiasm may contribute to a classroom atmosphere full of energy and enthusiasm which feed student interest and excitement in learning the subject matter.


Premise: How much lower was the North Sea in the last cold phase than it is today?

Hypothesis: During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean.


Premise: What do etioplasts' internal membranes have?

Hypothesis: Gymnosperms do not require light to form chloroplasts.


Premise: Disney-ABC Television Group is a subsidiary of what division of the Walt Disney Company?

Hypothesis: The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) (stylized in its logo as abc since 1957) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Disney–ABC Television Group, a subsidiary of Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.


Premise: What French City was New Rochelle named after?

Hypothesis: Paul's Episcopal Church, which contains heirlooms including the original bell from the French Huguenot Church "Eglise du St. Esperit" on Pine Street in New York City, which is preserved as a relic in the tower room.


Premise: Where did Harold II die?

Hypothesis: In 1066, Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings.


Premise: What is the term given to algorithms that utilize random bits?

Hypothesis: Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms.


Premise: What is necessary for chloroplasts to replicate?

Hypothesis: Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division.


Premise: What types of teachers are retiring the most?

Hypothesis: Many counties offer alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions.


Premise: When was the construction that changed the Rhine's Delta?

Hypothesis: The hydrography of the current delta is characterized by the delta's main arms, disconnected arms (Hollandse IJssel, Linge, Vecht, etc.) and smaller rivers and streams.


Premise: The abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate is believed to have ended what system?

Hypothesis: HT sees Islam's pivotal turning point as occurring not with the death of Ali, or one of the other four rightly guided Caliphs in the 7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924.


Premise: What car is licensed by the FSO Car Factory and built in Egypt?

Hypothesis: A number of vehicles have been assembled there over the decades, including the Warszawa, Syrena, Fiat 125p (under license from Fiat, later renamed FSO 125p when the license expired) and the Polonez.


Premise: What responsibilities are pharmacists believed to be taking on more in the future?

Hypothesis: Rather than simply dispensing medication, pharmacists are increasingly expected to be compensated for their patient care skills.


Premise: Who constructed Newcastle's station?

Hypothesis: It has a neoclassical façade, originally designed by the architect John Dobson, and was constructed in collaboration with Robert Stephenson.


Premise: Where was the funeral held?

Hypothesis: After the funeral, Tesla's body was taken to the Ferncliff Cemetery in Ardsley, New York, where it was later cremated.


Premise: What is another plague thought to have spread the same way?

Hypothesis: The historian Francis Aidan Gasquet wrote about the 'Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that "it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague".


Premise: What caused the dynamos to be burnt out?

Hypothesis: While experimenting, Tesla inadvertently faulted a power station generator, causing a power outage.


Premise: How many paid holiday days do most member states require?

Hypothesis: For example, the Working Time Directive requires that every worker has at least 4 weeks paid holidays each year, but most member states require more than 28 days in national law.


Premise: What is to blame for the burdens in health care in Kenya?

Hypothesis: Preventable diseases like malaria, HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, diarrhoea and malnutrition are the biggest burden, major child-killers, and responsible for much morbidity; weak policies, corruption, inadequate health workers, weak management and poor leadership in the public health sector are largely to blame.


Premise: What is the most distinctive feature of ctenophora?

Hypothesis: Their most distinctive feature is the ‘combs’ – groups of cilia which they use for swimming – they are the largest animals that swim by means of cilia.


Premise: What is the concept of the visible and invisible Church?

Hypothesis: It upholds the concept of the "visible and invisible Church," meaning that all who are truly believers in every age belong to the holy Church invisible, while the United Methodist Church is a branch of the Church visible, to which all believers must be connected as it is the only institution wherein the Word of God is preached and the Sacraments are administered.


Premise: What park covers an area of 76 ha.?

Hypothesis: It covers the area of 43 ha.


Premise: When was Doctor Who viewing at its highest level?

Hypothesis: During the ITV network strike of 1979, viewership peaked at 16 million.[citation needed]


Premise: What happened to the crew onboard during the plugs-out test?

Hypothesis: The astronauts were asphyxiated before the hatch could be opened.


Premise: What has been getting much better in the most recent years?

Hypothesis: In the past, teachers have been paid relatively low salaries.


Premise: How did the project encourage the commercialisation of legumes?

Hypothesis: Successive projects encouraged the commercialisation of legumes, by stimulating the growth of local seed production and agro-dealer networks for distribution and marketing.


Premise: What was the value of the John Jones Collection when it was left to the museum?

Hypothesis: The John Jones Collection of French 18th-century art and furnishings was left to the museum in 1882, then valued at £250,000.


Premise: What technique was used to decorate the east side of the building?

Hypothesis: The final part of the museum designed by Scott was the Art Library and what is now the sculpture gallery on the south side of the garden, built 1877–83, the exterior mosaic panels in the parapet were designed by Reuben Townroe who also designed the plaster work in the library, Sir John Taylor designed the book shelves and cases, also this was the first part of the museum to have electric lighting.


Premise: When did the Herald Tribune publish its Tesla article?

Hypothesis: On 11 July 1934, the New York Herald Tribune published an article on Tesla, in which he recalled an event that would occasionally take place while experimenting with his single-electrode vacuum tubes; a minute particle would break off the cathode, pass out of the tube, and physically strike him. "


Premise: WHen did ARPNET and SITA become operational

Hypothesis: ARPANET and SITA HLN became operational in 1969.


Premise: Who wrote the eulogy?


Premise: In 1890, who did the university decide to team up with?

Hypothesis: The University of Chicago agreed to confer a degree on any graduating senior from an affiliated school who made a grade of A for all four years, and on any other graduate who took twelve weeks additional study at the University of Chicago.


Premise: What is the prize offered for finding a solution to P=NP?

Hypothesis: There is a US$1,000,000 prize for resolving the problem.


Premise: By what name was the Mongol army that finally conquered Bulgaria known?

Hypothesis: Later under Genghis Khan's grandson Batu and the Golden Horde, the Mongols returned to conquer Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus' in 1237, concluding the campaign in 1240.


Premise: The presence of who is highly likely even in small projects?

Hypothesis: The presence of the mortgage banker is highly likely, even in relatively small projects since the owner's equity in the property is the most obvious source of funding for a building project.


Premise: When did Genghis Khan become Great Khan?

Hypothesis: Möngke Khan succeeded Ögedei's son, Güyük, as Great Khan in 1251.


Premise: When did Carl Wilhelm Scheele discover oxygen?

Hypothesis: The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.


Premise: How many Doctor Who episodes have been shown, in total?

Hypothesis: Four mini-episodes, running about eight minutes each, were also produced for the 1993, 2005 and 2007 Children in Need charity appeals, while another mini-episode was produced in 2008 for a Doctor Who-themed edition of The Proms.


Premise: What type of professionals are pharmacists?

Hypothesis: Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training who perform various roles to ensure optimal health outcomes for their patients through the quality use of medicines.


Premise: Who discovered pottery found on Black Hammock Island?

Hypothesis: One early map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville; this may be the earliest recorded name for that area.


Premise: What was Tesla's friends' theory as to what became of him?

Hypothesis: In December 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school.


Premise: What is an example of a problem to which effective algorithms have provided a solution in spite of the intractability associated with the breadth of sizes?

Hypothesis: For example, the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P, yet algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases.


Premise: Which leaders did the Islamic extremists attack?

Hypothesis: Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who held secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies.


Premise: How often does the General Conference meet?

Hypothesis: The highest level is called the General Conference and is the only organization which may speak officially for the church.


Premise: Which seasons is the BBC missing a total of 79 episodes?

Hypothesis: In all, 97 of 253 episodes produced during the first six years of the programme are not held in the BBC's archives (most notably seasons 3, 4, & 5, from which 79 episodes are missing).


Premise: How large are Chloroplast ribosomes?

Hypothesis: Chloroplast ribosomes are about two-thirds the size of cytoplasmic ribosomes (around 17 nm vs 25 nm).


Premise: Of what form do Fermat numbers take?

Hypothesis: Fermat also conjectured that all numbers of the form 22n + 1 are prime (they are called Fermat numbers) and he verified this up to n = 4 (or 216 + 1).


Premise: Why are there more poor people in the United States and Europe than China?

Hypothesis: A January 2014 report by Oxfam claims that the 85 wealthiest individuals in the world have a combined wealth equal to that of the bottom 50% of the world's population, or about 3.5 billion people.


Premise: What percentage of money raised was earmarked for causes in the San Francisco area?

Hypothesis: Host Committee has vowed to be "the most giving Super Bowl ever", and will dedicate 25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes in the Bay Area.


Premise: What is a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam called?

Hypothesis: Saudi Arabia spent over 100 billion dollars in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, known as Wahhabism, throughout the world, via religious charities such al-Haramain Foundation, which often also distributed funds to violent Sunni extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.


Premise: What does turning sideways protect chloroplasts from?

Hypothesis: This ability to distribute chloroplasts so that they can take shelter behind each other or spread out may be the reason why land plants evolved to have many small chloroplasts instead of a few big ones.


Premise: What alternate payment did Edison offer Tesla?

Hypothesis: According to Tesla, Edison remarked, "There's fifty thousand dollars in it for you—if you can do it.":54–57 :


Premise: What causes the symptoms of inflammation?

Hypothesis: Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection.


Premise: Big O notation provides autonomy to upper and lower bounds with relationship to what?

Hypothesis: This makes the bounds independent of the specific details of the computational model used.


Premise: A statement made by Chris Keates caused issues with whom?

Hypothesis: " This has led to outrage from child protection and parental rights groups.


Premise: When was the plastome discovered?

Hypothesis: It is also known as the plastome.


Premise: What is a major importance of Southern California in relation to California and the United States?

Hypothesis: Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the United States.


Premise: Who was Ogedei's wife?

Hypothesis: However, most published works were still produced through traditional block printing techniques.


Premise: What purpose would Luther have in not wanting to ban the Qur'an?

Hypothesis: Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil, he was indifferent to its practice: "Let the Turk believe and live as he will, just as one lets the papacy and other false Christians live."


Premise: What secret did he sever family ties to keep hidden?

Hypothesis: His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River.


Premise: When did Martin Luther receive his Doctor of Theology?

Hypothesis: On 19 October 1512, he was awarded his Doctor of Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg, having been called to the position of Doctor in Bible.


Premise: What do scholars agree on about the posting on the door story?

Hypothesis: According to scholars Walter Krämer, Götz Trenkler, Gerhard Ritter, and Gerhard Prause, the story of the posting on the door, even though it has settled as one of the pillars of history, has little foundation in truth.


Premise: In what country is Normandy located?

Hypothesis: The Normans (Norman: Nourmands; French: Normands; Latin: Normanni) were the people who in the 10th and 11th centuries gave their name to Normandy, a region in France.


Premise: When did Luther write Wir glauben all an einen Gott?

Hypothesis: ("We All Believe in One True God") is a three-stanza confession of faith prefiguring Luther's 1529 three-part explanation of the Apostles' Creed in the Small Catechism.


Premise: What do photosynthetic carotenoids do?

Hypothesis: There are about thirty photosynthetic carotenoids.


Premise: Where was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held?

Hypothesis: This World's Fair devoted a building to electrical exhibits.


Premise: What shows us lost chloroplasts?

Hypothesis: Endosymbiotic gene transfer is how we know about the lost chloroplasts in many chromalveolate lineages.


Premise: When was John Gallagher born?

Hypothesis: During the 20th century, historians John Gallagher (1919–1980) and Ronald Robinson (1920–1999) constructed a framework for understanding European imperialism.


Premise: What is usually the goal of taking a plea bargain?

Hypothesis: . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen."


Premise: When did Astor provide the money?

Hypothesis: In 1899, John Jacob Astor IV invested $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system.


Premise: Who financed General Electric's attempts to takeover Westinghouse?

Hypothesis: The mid 1890s saw the conglomerate General Electric, backed by financier J. P. Morgan, involved in takeover attempts and patent battles with Westinghouse Electric.


Premise: What do chloroplasts use their ribosomes for?

Hypothesis: While similar to bacterial ribosomes, chloroplast translation is more complex than in bacteria, so chloroplast ribosomes include some chloroplast-unique features.


Premise: What is cpDNA's replication similar to?

Hypothesis: Because of the failure to explain the deamination gradient as well as the numerous plant species that have been shown to have circular cpDNA, the predominant theory continues to hold that most cpDNA is circular and most likely replicates via a D loop mechanism.


Premise: How many passengers a year does the rail network in Newcastle carry?

Hypothesis: The Metro system was the first in the UK to have mobile phone antennae installed in the tunnels.


Premise: What was the number of times the Denver Broncos played in a Super Bowl by the time they reached Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Coincidentally, both teams were coached by John Fox in their last Super Bowl appearance prior to Super Bowl 50.


Premise: What followed the late local programming after Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: As opposed to broadcasts of primetime series, CBS broadcast special episodes of its late night talk shows as its lead-out programs for Super Bowl 50, beginning with a special episode of The Late Show with Stephen Colbert following the game.


Premise: What did Pope Leo X launch against Luther?

Hypothesis: First, the Dominican theologian Sylvester Mazzolini drafted a heresy case against Luther, whom Leo then summoned to Rome.


Premise: Who was the War of Currents waged between?

Hypothesis: Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse's subsequent licensing of the patent, both in 1888, put Tesla firmly on the "AC" side of the so-called "War of Currents," an electrical distribution battle being waged between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse that had been simmering since Westinghouse's first AC system in 1886 and had reached the point of all-out warfare by 1888.


Premise: Which company did Mrs Foster work for?

Hypothesis: In Foster v British Gas plc the Court of Justice held that Mrs Foster was entitled to bring a sex discrimination claim against her employer, British Gas plc, which made women retire at age 60 and men at 65, if (1) pursuant to a state measure, (2) it provided a public service, and (3) had special powers.


Premise: On what date did Luther die?

Hypothesis: A year later, troops of Luther's adversary Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor entered the town, but were ordered by Charles not to disturb the grave.


Premise: When did Tesla admit to a reporter that maybe he'd sacrificed too much by not having a relationship?

Hypothesis: Tesla never married; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.:33 However, toward the end of his life, he told a reporter, "Sometimes I feel that by not marrying, I made too great a sacrifice to my work ...


Premise: What is the section of the Rhine Gorge recognized by UNESCO called?

Hypothesis: The gorge is quite deep and is the stretch of the river which is known for its many castles and vineyards.


Premise: Which Carolina Panthers wide receiver suffered a torn ACL before the season began?

Hypothesis: Carolina started the season 14–0, not only setting franchise records for the best start and the longest single-season winning streak, but also posting the best start to a season by an NFC team in NFL history, breaking the 13–0 record previously shared with the 2009 New Orleans Saints and the 2011 Green Bay Packers.


Premise: What does AFC stand for?

Hypothesis: The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title.


Premise: Who is the first administrator of the Federal Energy Office?

Hypothesis: In 1973, Nixon named William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office, a short-term organization created to coordinate the response to the embargo.


Premise: What group started peace meetings?

Hypothesis: Since the election riots, the government and civil society organisations started programmes to avoid similar disasters in the future, said Agnes R. M. Aboum – executive director of TAABCO Research and Development Consultants in Nairobi – in the magazine D+C Development and Cooperation.


Premise: How did the 2001 IPCC report compare to reality for 2001-2006?

Hypothesis: On 1 February 2007, the eve of the publication of IPCC's major report on climate, a study was published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in 2001.


Premise: How long did Project Apollo run?

Hypothesis: Apollo/Saturn vehicles were also used for an Apollo Applications Program, which consisted of Skylab, a space station that supported three manned missions in 1973–74, and the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, a joint Earth orbit mission with the Soviet Union in 1975.


Premise: What is the eukaryotic parasite responsible for malaria known as?

Hypothesis: An evasion strategy used by several pathogens to avoid the innate immune system is to hide within the cells of their host (also called intracellular pathogenesis).


Premise: Other than the San Jacinto Fault, and the Elsinore Fault, name one other fault.

Hypothesis: Many faults are able to produce a magnitude 6.7+ earthquake, such as the San Andreas Fault, which can produce a magnitude 8.0 event.


Premise: There's a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Rhine Gorge between the Koblenz and what?

Hypothesis: The Rhine Gorge between Rüdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


Premise: Why was the Dutch lawyer who moved to Belgium while advising a client in a social society case told he couldn't continue?

Hypothesis: For example, in Van Binsbergen v Bestuur van de Bedrijfvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid a Dutch lawyer moved to Belgium while advising a client in a social security case, and was told he could not continue because Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice.


Premise: When did The German Peasants War happen?

Hypothesis: Preachers such as Zwickau prophet Nicholas Storch and Thomas Müntzer helped instigate the German Peasants' War of 1524–25, during which many atrocities were committed, often in Luther's name.


Premise: What is a main advantage of the Rankine cycle?

Hypothesis: By condensing the fluid, the work required by the pump consumes only 1% to 3% of the turbine power and contributes to a much higher efficiency for a real cycle.


Premise: What is the Canal in Wesel?

Hypothesis: In Wesel, 30 km downstream of Duisburg, is located the western end of the second east-west shipping route, the Wesel-Datteln Canal, which runs parallel to the Lippe.


Premise: What are chares?

Hypothesis: Close, Sandhill and Quayside contain modern buildings as well as structures dating from the 15th–18th centuries, including Bessie Surtees House, the Cooperage and Lloyds Quayside Bars, Derwentwater House and "House of Tides", a restaurant situated at a Grade I-listed 16th century merchant's house at 28–30 Close.


Premise: What happened to the AS-205 mission originally?

Hypothesis: In December 1966, the AS-205 mission was canceled, since the validation of the CSM would be accomplished on the 14-day first flight, and AS-205 would have been devoted to space experiments and contribute no new engineering knowledge about the spacecraft.


Premise: To whom has the Antwerp City Hall doors in the V&A collection been attributed?

Hypothesis: There are a set of beautiful inlaid doors, dated 1580 from Antwerp City Hall, attributed to Hans Vredeman de Vries.


Premise: What role did Michael Oppenheimer have in the IPCC's reports?

Hypothesis: Others see as well mixed blessings of the drive for consensus within the IPCC process and ask to include dissenting or minority positions or to improve statements about uncertainties.


Premise: In what year was the Corliss engine patented?

Hypothesis: The acme of the horizontal engine was the Corliss steam engine, patented in 1849, which was a four-valve counter flow engine with separate steam admission and exhaust valves and automatic variable steam cutoff.


Premise: When was the Office of Western Medicine founded?

Hypothesis: Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine.


Premise: What was the title given to the major project to redesign all the galleries in the museum?

Hypothesis: After the success of the British Galleries, opened in 2001, it was decided to embark on a major redesign of all the galleries in the museum; this is known as "FuturePlan", and was created in consultation with the exhibition designers and masterplanners Metaphor.


Premise: Who did Berengaria of Navarre marry?

Hypothesis: The wedding was held on 12 May 1191 at the Chapel of St. George and it was attended by Richard's sister Joan, whom he had brought from Sicily.


Premise: What network uses a red version of the new ABC logo?

Hypothesis: The updated logo carries a simpler gloss design than the previous version, and contains lettering more closely resembling Paul Rand's original version of the circle logo.


Premise: What is Norman art's most well known piece?

Hypothesis: It was commissioned by Odo, the Bishop of Bayeux and first Earl of Kent, employing natives from Kent who were learned in the Nordic traditions imported in the previous half century by the Danish Vikings.


Premise: How old was Tesla when he wrote that he'd completed his dynamic theory of gravity?

Hypothesis: Tesla claimed to have developed his own physical principle regarding matter and energy that he started working on in 1892, and in 1937, at age 81, claimed in a letter to have completed a "dynamic theory of gravity" that "[would] put an end to idle speculations and false conceptions, as that of curved space."


Premise: What was Michael Eisner's main credit in his time at ABC?

Hypothesis: He helped bring about ideas for many series including Happy Days (which originated as a segment on the anthology series Love, American Style), as well as several soap operas; however, Eisner's main credit at ABC was for developing youth-oriented programming.


Premise: When was the regime in Pakistan overthrown by General Zia-ul-Haq?

Hypothesis: In July 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime in Pakistan.


Premise: How frequent is snow in the Southwest of the state?

Hypothesis: In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate.


Premise: What long term agenda was the acts of plundering Muslim lands by the West?

Hypothesis: The views of Ali Shariati, ideologue of the Iranian Revolution, had resemblance with Mohammad Iqbal, ideological father of the State of Pakistan, but Khomeini's beliefs is perceived to be placed somewhere between beliefs of Sunni Islamic thinkers like Mawdudi and Qutb.


Premise: When did Great Britain colonize Australia?

Hypothesis: British imperialism often used the concept of Terra nullius (Latin expression which stems from Roman law meaning 'empty land').


Premise: What shape are some of the buildings in the Parliament complex?

Hypothesis: Some of the principal features of the complex include leaf-shaped buildings, a grass-roofed branch merging into adjacent parkland and gabion walls formed from the stones of previous buildings.


Premise: Why would rampant violence prevent people from going to work?

Hypothesis: An old, ill man cannot earn as much as a healthy young man; gender roles and customs may prevent a woman from receiving an education or working outside the home.


Premise: In which year was the John Jones Collection left to the museum?

Hypothesis: The John Jones Collection of French 18th-century art and furnishings was left to the museum in 1882, then valued at £250,000.


Premise: In what year did one individual suggest classifying the trees of the Amazon into four categories?

Hypothesis: In 2006 Tatiana Kuplich organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories: (1) mature forest, (2) regenerating forest [less than three years], (3) regenerating forest [between three and five years of regrowth], and (4) regenerating forest [eleven to eighteen years of continued development].


Premise: What are the main threats facing the Amazon rainforest in the current century?

Hypothesis: The result indicates that the rainforest could be threatened though the 21st century by climate change in addition to deforestation.


Premise: Which Spanish officer established the settlement at St. Augustine?

Hypothesis: In 1565 the Spanish decided to enforce their claim to La Florida, and sent Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, who established the settlement of St. Augustine near Fort Caroline.


Premise: Halford Mackinder and Friedrich Ratzel where what kind of geographers?

Hypothesis: Political geographers such as Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain also supported imperialism.


Premise: When was his lab destroyed?

Hypothesis: On 7 January 1900, Tesla left Colorado Springs.[citation needed]


Premise: What color jersey has Denver 0-4?

Hypothesis: In their only other Super Bowl win in Super Bowl XXXII, Denver wore blue jerseys, which was their primary color at the time.


Premise: What team was the AFC champion?

Hypothesis: The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24–10 to earn their third Super Bowl title.


Premise: Why was NBC unable to broadcast the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II?

Hypothesis: Leonard Goldenson said that ABC's first international activity was broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in June 1953; CBS and NBC were unable to cover the coronation live due to respective issues with technical problems and flight delays.


Premise: When was vetting introduced?

Hypothesis: From 2006 Garda vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession.


Premise: How much less steam did the Corliss engine use compared to the Watt engine?

Hypothesis: In addition to using 30% less steam, it provided more uniform speed due to variable steam cut off, making it well suited to manufacturing, especially cotton spinning.