Premise: Where was New Year's Rockin' Eve hosted?

Hypothesis: ABC has also aired the Miss America pageant from 1954 to 1956, 1997 to 2005 (with the television rights being assumed by cable channel TLC in 2006, when the pageant moved from its longtime homebase in Atlantic City to Las Vegas, before returning to Atlantic City in 2013) and since 2011.


Premise: In which direction does most of the wind in Fresno originate from?

Hypothesis: Fresno meteorology was selected in a national U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study for analysis of equilibrium temperature for use of ten-year meteorological data to represent a warm, dry western United States locale.


Premise: What is the name of another compelling continuation of the Fermat primality test?

Hypothesis: A particularly simple example of a probabilistic test is the Fermat primality test, which relies on the fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np≡n (mod p) for any n if p is a prime number.


Premise: What is the axis of Warsaw which divides it into two parts?

Hypothesis: The Vistula River is the specific axis of Warsaw, which divides the city into two parts, left and right.


Premise: Why  might the temperature affect the theory of plague spreading?

Hypothesis: Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.


Premise: When did French Republicans back building the French empire?

Hypothesis: As it developed, the new empire took on roles of trade with France, supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items, as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language as well as Catholicism.


Premise: What do scholars sometimes assert that Luther believed about what faith and reason were to each other?

Hypothesis: This means that for Luther it is more important that the Bible is reasonable according to the reality outside of the scriptures than that the Bible makes sense to itself, that it has internal coherence.


Premise: What is the name of the donor who helped establish the Hutchinson Commons?

Hypothesis: Other early benefactors included businessmen Charles L. Hutchinson (trustee, treasurer and donor of Hutchinson Commons), Martin A. Ryerson (president of the board of trustees and donor of the Ryerson Physical Laboratory)


Premise: What omen was Genghis Khan reported to have seen assuring his coming victory against the Tanguts?

Hypothesis: One of the Tangut generals challenged the Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains but was defeated.


Premise: What BBC radio station will carry the game in the United Kingdom?

Hypothesis: The BBC will carry its own British English broadcast, with Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher and Rocky Boiman on commentary.


Premise: How many first downs did the Panthers have in Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Denver won despite being massively outgained in total yards (315 to 194) and first downs (21 to 11).


Premise: How many campuses does the University of California have?

Hypothesis: Amongst these include 5 University of California campuses (Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego); 12 California State University campuses (Bakersfield, Channel Islands, Dominguez Hills, Fullerton, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Northridge, Pomona, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Marcos, and San Luis Obispo); and private institutions such as the California Institute of Technology, Chapman University, the Claremont Colleges (Claremont McKenna College, Harvey Mudd College, Pitzer College, Pomona College, and Scripps College), Loma Linda University, Loyola Marymount University, Occidental College, Pepperdine University, University of Redlands, University of San Diego, and the University of Southern California.


Premise: When was the Methodist Episcopal Church founded?

Hypothesis: St. George's United Methodist Church, located at the corner of 4th and New Streets, in the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, is the oldest Methodist church in continuous use in the United States, beginning in 1769.


Premise: What percentage of prime-time TV viewership did the three big networks represent in 1980?

Hypothesis: ABC dominated the American television landscape during the 1970s and early 1980s (by 1980, the three major networks represented 90% of all prime-time television viewership in the U.S.).


Premise: Why did Harvard end its early admission program?

Hypothesis: Undergraduate admission to Harvard is characterized by the Carnegie Foundation as "more selective, lower transfer-in".


Premise: What kind of chloroplasts do diatoms have?

Hypothesis: For example, while diatoms (a heterokontophyte) now have a red algal derived chloroplast, the presence of many green algal genes in the diatom nucleus provide evidence that the diatom ancestor (probably the ancestor of all chromalveolates too) had a green algal derived chloroplast at some point, which was subsequently replaced by the red chloroplast.


Premise: Which area is responsible for the long-term preservation of the V&A collections?

Hypothesis: Areas covered by conservator's work include "preventive" conservation this includes: performing surveys, assessments and providing advice on the handling of items, correct packaging, mounting and handling procedures during movement and display to reduce risk of damaging objects.


Premise: Which cultures are represented in the V&A's collections?

Hypothesis: Its collection spans 5,000 years of art, from ancient times to the present day, from the cultures of Europe, North America, Asia and North Africa.


Premise: What is wasted by rubisco's flaw?

Hypothesis: This has the end result of ATP energy being wasted and CO2 being released, all with no sugar being produced.


Premise: What was the last name of the designers of Newcastle's library?

Hypothesis: The current Lit and Phil premises were built in 1825 and the building was designed by John and Benjamin Green.


Premise: What is the nature of the relationship between T-cells and vitamin D?

Hypothesis: T-cells have a symbiotic relationship with vitamin D.


Premise: What chloroplast structure is similar to the inner mitochondria membrane?

Hypothesis: The chloroplast double membrane is also often compared to the mitochondrial double membrane.


Premise: Who conquered much of England after the end of Roman imperial rule?

Hypothesis: The Geordie dialect has much of its origins in the language spoken by the Anglo-Saxon populations who migrated to and conquered much of England after the end of Roman Imperial rule.


Premise: What yard line did the Broncos stop the Panthers on in their first offensive drive of Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: But the Broncos defense halted the drive on the 26-yard line, and it ended with no points when Graham Gano hit the uprights on a 44-yard field goal attempt.


Premise: When was Levi's Stadium picked for Super bowl 50?

Hypothesis: It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area since Super Bowl XIX in 1985, and the first in California since Super Bowl XXXVII took place in San Diego in 2003.


Premise: Peyton Manning took how many different teams to the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: Peyton Manning became the first quarterback ever to lead two different teams to multiple Super Bowls.


Premise: To which technology type that Tesla worked on did the caption refer to?

Hypothesis: On Tesla's 75th birthday in 1931, Time magazine put him on its cover.


Premise: In which year did Genghis Khan strike against the Tanguts?

Hypothesis: In 1226, immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts.


Premise: Where did Tesla begin a new job at in 1882?

Hypothesis: In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment.


Premise: In what episode does the "Fall of the Eleventh" happen?

Hypothesis: The name Eleventh is still used for this incarnation; the same episode depicts the prophesied "Fall of the Eleventh" which had been trailed throughout the series.


Premise: What was the program in the first Children's program block to be broadcast in HD?

Hypothesis: is also broadcast in HD, and was the first children's program block on any U.S. broadcast network to feature programs available in the format upon its September 2011 debut.


Premise: What conviction did many Poles have regarding how the Varsovians thought of themselves?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately this belief still lives on in Poland (although not as much as it used to be)


Premise: What was found to be at fault for the fire in the cabin on Apollo 1 regarding the CM design?

Hypothesis: While the determination of responsibility for the accident was complex, the review board concluded that "deficiencies existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control.


Premise: Which Count did the Prince strike an arrangement with?

Hypothesis: Prince Louis de Condé, along with his sons Daniel and Osias,[citation needed] arranged with Count Ludwig von Nassau-Saarbrücken to establish a Huguenot community in present-day Saarland in 1604.


Premise: Because of the gold theme, what was Super Bowl 50 known as?

Hypothesis: Gold footballs were given to each high school that has had a player or coach appear in the Super Bowl, and "homecoming" events were also held by Super Bowl-winning teams at games.


Premise: What event was the worst example of Huguenot persecution?

Hypothesis: The height of this persecution was the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre when 5,000 to 30,000 were killed, although there were also underlying political reasons for this as well, as some of the Huguenots were nobles trying to establish separate centers of power in southern France.


Premise: How are peridinin-type chloroplasts' thylakoids arranged?

Hypothesis: Peridinin is not found in any other group of chloroplasts.


Premise: What year was the decision made to cancel Apollo missions 18 and 19?

Hypothesis: By 1971, the decision was made to also cancel missions 18 and 19.


Premise: What was the accepted length of the Rhine prior to 1932?

Hypothesis: After this number was placed into the authoritative Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, it became generally accepted and found its way into numerous textbooks and official publications.


Premise: When was the University of Chicago established?

Hypothesis: The university, established in 1890, consists of The College, various graduate programs, interdisciplinary committees organized into four academic research divisions and seven professional schools.


Premise: What was the primary race of students attending Christian academies after the Brown decision?

Hypothesis: In much of the U.S. South, many white students migrated to the academies, while public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (see List of private schools in Mississippi).


Premise: What did Luther try to avoid in setting up his church?

Hypothesis: To avoid confusing or upsetting the people, Luther avoided extreme change.


Premise: When die Tesla turn his attention to trying to understand invisible radiant energy?

Hypothesis: Starting in 1894, Tesla began investigating what he referred to as radiant energy of "invisible" kinds after he had noticed damaged film in his laboratory in previous experiments (later identified as "Roentgen rays" or "X-Rays").


Premise: What test is especially useful for numbers of the form 2p - 1?

Hypothesis: Other primes where either p + 1 or p − 1 is of a particular shape include the Sophie Germain primes (primes of the form 2p + 1 with p prime), primorial primes, Fermat primes and Mersenne primes, that is, prime numbers that are of the form 2p − 1, where p is an arbitrary prime.


Premise: The Rhine forms the border between Austria and what other country?

Hypothesis: Near Sargans a natural dam, only a few metres high, prevents it from flowing into the open Seeztal valley and then through Lake Walen and Lake Zurich into the river Aare.


Premise: What was the basis mentioned for the develpment of the general theory of relativity?

Hypothesis: This is the same thing that would occur if the astronaut and the object were in intergalactic space with no net force of gravity acting on their shared reference frame.


Premise: What lesson did Johann von Staupitz teach Luther  repentance was?

Hypothesis: He taught that true repentance does not involve self-inflicted penances and punishments but rather a change of heart.


Premise: What do the Animal Locomotion photographs capture?

Hypothesis: One of the more unusual collections is that of Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of Animal Locomotion of 1887, this consists of 781 plates.


Premise: What action by Luther added to antisemitism in Germany?

Hypothesis: According to the prevailing view among historians, his anti-Jewish rhetoric contributed significantly to the development of antisemitism in Germany, and in the 1930s and 1940s provided an "ideal underpinning" for the Nazis' attacks on Jews.


Premise: How many times did Luther preach in Halle in 1545 and 1546?

Hypothesis: His poor physical health made him short-tempered and even harsher in his writings and comments.


Premise: Each of the extended metropolitan areas has a population that exceeds what number?

Hypothesis: The region is home to two extended metropolitan areas that exceed five million in population.


Premise: What cultural festival is the SAMA festival?

Hypothesis: The SAMA Festival, an East Asian cultural festival is also held in early October.


Premise: In 1893, who won the bid to light the World's Columbian Exposition?

Hypothesis: In 1893, George Westinghouse won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars.


Premise: What do David Castlles-Quintana and Vicente Royuela do for a living?

Hypothesis: According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms economic growth.


Premise: What is the estimate of how many physicians give out drugs on their own?

Hypothesis: Code of Ethics provides that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices as long as there is no patient exploitation and patients have the right to a written prescription that can be filled elsewhere.


Premise: Which famous Dutch artist who painted The Night Watch is represented in the drawings collection of the V&A?

Hypothesis: Modern British artists represented in the collection include: Paul Nash, Percy Wyndham Lewis, Eric Gill, Stanley Spencer, John Piper, Graham Sutherland, Lucian Freud and David Hockney.


Premise: What was the first true engine that was commercially successful?

Hypothesis: Newcomen's engine was relatively inefficient, and in most cases was used for pumping water.


Premise: What is the largest independent library outside of London?

Hypothesis: its lecture theatre was the first public building to be lit by electric light, during a lecture by Joseph Swan on 20 October 1880.


Premise: What was he studying that gave him the teleforce weapon idea?

Hypothesis: The press variably referred to it as a "peace ray" or death ray.


Premise: Who commissioned the Gateshead Milennium Bridge?

Hypothesis: As a tourist promotion, Newcastle and Gateshead have linked together under the banner "NewcastleGateshead", to spearhead the regeneration of the North-East.


Premise: In what century was the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system used?

Hypothesis: This made the 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine popular with large passenger liners (such as the Olympic class), but this was ultimately replaced by the virtually vibration-free turbine engine.[citation needed]


Premise: What commemorates Warsaw's heroic history?

Hypothesis: Another important monument, the statue of Little Insurgent located at the ramparts of the Old Town, commemorates the children who served as messengers and frontline troops in the Warsaw Uprising, while the impressive Warsaw Uprising Monument by Wincenty Kućma was erected in memory of the largest insurrection of World War II.


Premise: What shape are Plastoglobuli?

Hypothesis: Plastoglobuli (singular plastoglobulus, sometimes spelled plastoglobule(s)), are spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins about 45–60 nanometers across.


Premise: What long term agenda was the acts of plundering Muslim lands by the West?

Hypothesis: He believed that complete imitation of the Prophet Mohammad and his successors such as Ali for restoration of Sharia law was essential to Islam, that many secular, Westernizing Muslims were actually agents of the West serving Western interests, and that the acts such as "plundering" of Muslim lands was part of a long-term conspiracy against Islam by the Western governments.


Premise: What did Mongolian President Tsakhiagian Elbegdorj note was significantly punished by Genghis Khan's laws?

Hypothesis: President Elbegdorj sees Genghis Khan as a leader from whom to learn for anti-corruption efforts as Genghis Khan sought equal protection under the law for all citizens regardless of status or wealth.


Premise: Which famous Indian took a plea and put himself at the mercy of the courts?

Hypothesis: . submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is a deliberate crime and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen."


Premise: What is the youngest student a teacher might have?

Hypothesis: The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill.


Premise: Who first showed that Newton's Theory of Gravity was not as correct as another theory?

Hypothesis: When Albert Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity (GR)


Premise: What position did Tesla accept at the exchange?

Hypothesis: Within a few months, the Budapest Telephone Exchange became functional and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position.


Premise: When did the origins of magnetic and electric fields occur?

Hypothesis: The origin of electric and magnetic fields would not be fully explained until 1864 when James Clerk Maxwell unified a number of earlier theories into a set of 20 scalar equations, which were later reformulated into 4 vector equations by Oliver Heaviside and Josiah Willard Gibbs.


Premise: What was the building that formerly occupied the V&A's present site called?

Hypothesis: The first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum was the Sheepshanks Gallery in 1857 on the eastern side of the garden.


Premise: What are the three main sources of European Union law?

Hypothesis: The main sources of primary law are the Treaties establishing the European Union.


Premise: Whose English translation of the Bible did the Luther Bible influence?

Hypothesis: The Luther Bible influenced other vernacular translations, such as William Tyndale's English Bible (1525 forward), a precursor of the King James Bible.


Premise: What percentage of farmland grows wheat?

Hypothesis: Victorian farms produce nearly 90% of Australian pears and third of apples.


Premise: Who applies European Union law?

Hypothesis: European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union.


Premise: What happened in 1992 in a UK-wide process?

Hypothesis: Northumbria University was voted 'Best New University' by The Times Good University Guide 2005 and also won a much coveted company award of the "Most IT enabled organisation" (in the UK), by the IT industry magazine Computing.


Premise: What is one function that prime numbers have that 1 does not?

Hypothesis: A large body of mathematical work would still be valid when calling 1 a prime, but Euclid's fundamental theorem of arithmetic (mentioned above) would not hold as stated.


Premise: Who developed the 2007 imaging campaign for ABC?

Hypothesis: On June 16, 2007, ABC began to phase in a new imaging campaign for the upcoming 2007–08 season, "Start Here".


Premise: How many seasons did the BBC produce Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: it was effectively, if not formally, cancelled with the decision not to commission a planned 27th series of the show for transmission in 1990, the BBC repeatedly affirmed that the series would return.


Premise: What shows were released on Laserdisc?

Hypothesis: Eight original series serials have been released on Laserdisc and many have also been released on Betamax tape and Video 2000.


Premise: Who were later Yuan emperors isolated from?

Hypothesis: The reigns of the later Yuan emperors were short and marked by intrigues and rivalries.


Premise: How are the pyrenoid and thylakoids arranged?

Hypothesis: Euglenophyte chloroplasts have a pyrenoid and thylakoids stacked in groups of three.


Premise: When was the Imperial Library Directorate established?

Hypothesis: In 1273, the Mongols created the Imperial Library Directorate, a government-sponsored printing office.


Premise: Which episode featured the return of William Hartnell?

Hypothesis: For this episode, Richard Hurndall replaced William Hartnell.


Premise: In which Middle Eastern country is Genghis Khan's title a popular name for male children?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan is credited with bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment.


Premise: Who was the Norse leader?

Hypothesis: They were descended from Norse ("Norman" comes from "Norseman") raiders and pirates from Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III of West Francia.


Premise: What is the second most abundant element?

Hypothesis: Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds such as silicon dioxide, making up almost half of the crust's mass.


Premise: How does the level of tuition in German private schools compare to private schools in other Western European countries?

Hypothesis: These schools offer the same types of diplomas as public schools.


Premise: Who works to get workers higher compensation?

Hypothesis: Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members.


Premise: How many major immune responses do plants have?

Hypothesis: Plants have two main immune responses—the hypersensitive response, in which infected cells seal themselves off and undergo programmed cell death, and systemic acquired resistance, where infected cells release signals warning the rest of the plant of a pathogen's presence.


Premise: What was the goal of John Sheepshanks considerable bequest to the museum?

Hypothesis: Although some of Constable's works came to the museum with the Sheepshanks bequest, the majority of the artist's works were donated by his daughter Isabel in 1888, including the large number of sketches in oil, the most significant being the 1821 full size oil sketch for The Hay Wain.


Premise: How many kilometers is Warsaw from the Carpathian Mountains?

Hypothesis: There are some hills (mostly artificial) located within the confines of the city –


Premise: How did Luther respond after being asked if the books were his?

Hypothesis: Luther confirmed he was their author, but requested time to think about the answer to the second question.


Premise: Where are many hospital pharmacies located?

Hypothesis: Hospital pharmacies can often be found within the premises of the hospital.


Premise: Which three famous British potters are represented the the V&A ceramics collection?

Hypothesis: Many famous potters, such as Josiah Wedgwood, William De Morgan and Bernard Leach as well as Mintons & Royal Doulton are represented in the collection.


Premise: What kind of division of power did Kublai's government have?

Hypothesis: Chinese advisers such as Liu Bingzhong and Yao Shu gave strong influence to Kublai's early court, and the central government administration was established within the first decade of Kublai's reign.


Premise: Who thought that applied force caused movement of an object regardless of non-zero velocity?

Hypothesis: Aristotle misinterpreted this motion as being caused by the applied force.


Premise: Blue ribbons in the logo were used to represent which division of ABC?

Hypothesis: The ABC logo was also significantly redesigned as part of the transition, with a glossy "ball" effect that was specifically designed for HD.


Premise: ENR used data on what to rank Top 400 firms as heavy contractors?

Hypothesis: Each year, ENR compiles and reports on data about the size of design and construction companies.


Premise: When did the Warsaw Uprising begin?

Hypothesis: Thus, on 1 August 1944, as the Red Army was nearing the city, the Warsaw Uprising began.


Premise: How many were in Langlades expedition?

Hypothesis: His objective was to punish the Miami people of Pickawillany for not following Céloron's orders to cease trading with the British.


Premise: Where is the largest number of tourist coming from?

Hypothesis: Tourists, the largest number being from Germany and the United Kingdom, are attracted mainly to the coastal beaches and the game reserves, notably, the expansive East and West Tsavo National Park 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) in the southeast.


Premise: How is packet switching characterized

Hypothesis: Packet switching contrasts with another principal networking paradigm, circuit switching, a method which pre-allocates dedicated network bandwidth specifically for each communication session, each having a constant bit rate and latency between nodes.


Premise: How was the Dutch name for the Rhine originally spelled?

Hypothesis: The variant forms of the name of the Rhine in modern languages are all derived from the Gaulish name Rēnos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography (1st century BC) as Greek Ῥῆνος (Rhēnos),


Premise: What company reached a deal to also stream its ABC affiliates?

Hypothesis: Hearst Television also reached a deal to offer streams of its ABC affiliates (including stations in Boston, Kansas City, Milwaukee and West Palm Beach) on the service.


Premise: What is the purpose of the ASER?

Hypothesis: They will have to satisfy a number of infrastructure and human resource related criteria to get Recognition (a form of license) from the government.


Premise: What type of space in Warsaw are the Botanic Garden and University Library garden?

Hypothesis: They have extensive botanical collection of rare domestic and foreign plants, while a palm house in the New Orangery displays plants of subtropics from all over the world.


Premise: What term is shorthand for antibody generators?

Hypothesis: One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for antibody generators) and are defined as substances that bind to specific immune receptors and elicit an immune response.


Premise: How many Victorians are non-religious?

Hypothesis: Around 20% of Victorians claim no religion.


Premise: What "dynamic theory" did Tesla say he finished in 1937?

Hypothesis: He stated that the theory was "worked out in all details" and that he hoped to soon give it to the world.


Premise: As a euphoric how is oxygen used in bars?

Hypothesis: Professional athletes, especially in American football, also sometimes go off field between plays to wear oxygen masks in order to get a "boost" in performance.


Premise: What are the top 4-5% graduating students honored with?

Hypothesis: Students graduating in the top 4–5% of the class are awarded degrees summa cum laude, students in the next 15% of the class are awarded magna cum laude, and the next 30% of the class are awarded cum laude.


Premise: A small fraction of the cold water flow from Lake Constance goes to what other lake?

Hypothesis: A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake Überlingen.


Premise: What is the nickname for the Delta in the Netherlands?

Hypothesis: Since the Rhine contributes most of the water, the shorter term Rhine Delta is commonly used.


Premise: What did Kublai's government have to balance between?

Hypothesis: Kublai's Chinese advisers still wielded significant power in the government, but their official rank was nebulous.


Premise: In what year did Nikola Tesla emigrate to the United States?

Hypothesis: Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City.


Premise: Peyton Manning took how many different teams to the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: He is also the oldest quarterback ever to play in a Super Bowl at age 39.


Premise: What did 'Da Yuan Tong Zhi' mean?

Hypothesis: They placed Yesün Temür (or Taidingdi) on the throne, and, after an unsuccessful attempt to calm the princes, he also succumbed to regicide.


Premise: What do these teachers NOT do?

Hypothesis: Students who had enthusiastic teachers tend to rate them higher than teachers who didn't show much enthusiasm for the course materials.


Premise: WBAI's broadcasting Some of George Carlin's comedy eventually led to what?

Hypothesis: For example, Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, "Wise up or die."


Premise: What was invented by Savery?

Hypothesis: It was an improvement over Savery's steam pump, using a piston as proposed by Papin.


Premise: What probiotic flora is found in unpasteurized yogurt?

Hypothesis: However, since most antibiotics non-specifically target bacteria and do not affect fungi, oral antibiotics can lead to an "overgrowth" of fungi and cause conditions such as a vaginal candidiasis (a yeast infection).


Premise: Who analyzed Tesla's belongings?

Hypothesis: John G. Trump, a professor at M.I.T. and a well-known electrical engineer serving as a technical aide to the National Defense Research Committee, was called in to analyze the Tesla items in OAP custody.


Premise: How did von Lettow conduct his group?

Hypothesis: Completely cut off from Germany, von Lettow conducted an effective guerrilla warfare campaign, living off the land, capturing British supplies, and remaining undefeated.


Premise: What liberal succeeded Joseph Willard as president?

Hypothesis: When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, a struggle broke out over their replacements.


Premise: Why do Islamists need democratic elections?

Hypothesis: While Islamist political culture itself may not be democratic, Islamists need democratic elections to maintain their legitimacy.


Premise: What is one of the supplementary sources of European Union law?

Hypothesis: Supplementary sources of European Union law include case law by the Court of Justice, international law and general principles of European Union law.


Premise: Where was Luther mostly concentrating his efforts on reform?

Hypothesis: He concentrated on the church in the Electorate of Saxony, acting only as an adviser to churches in new territories, many of which followed his Saxon model.


Premise: What is not considered appropriate disclipine?

Hypothesis: Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm, clear boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.


Premise: How many sons did Börte bear Genghis Khan after Jochi?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan also had many other children with his other wives, but they were excluded from the succession.


Premise: What is the name of the largest university press in the U.S?

Hypothesis: With an estimated completion date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university and include both the Obama presidential library and offices of the Obama Foundation.


Premise: When was the last plague outbreak?

Hypothesis: The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.


Premise: What is an example of a machine model that deviates from a generally accepted multi-tape Turing machine?

Hypothesis: Many machine models different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines have been proposed in the literature, for example random access machines.


Premise: What are the two different types of immunity?

Hypothesis: In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.


Premise: Name a luxury model that became popular in the mid-1970s.

Hypothesis: The Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood, Buick Electra, Oldsmobile 98, Lincoln Continental, Mercury Marquis, and various other luxury oriented sedans became popular again in the mid-1970s.


Premise: Whose society portraits from the late 19th to early 20th centuries does the V&A hold?

Hypothesis: There are several of John Thomson's 1876-7 images of Street Life in London in the collection.


Premise: What remote control vehicle did he make?

Hypothesis: He tried to put these ideas to practical use in an ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project.


Premise: When was the color crimson adopted at Harvard as official color?

Hypothesis: The school color is crimson, which is also the name of the Harvard sports teams and the daily newspaper, The Harvard Crimson.


Premise: Who performed the funeral for Martin Luther?

Hypothesis: A year later, troops of Luther's adversary Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor entered the town, but were ordered by Charles not to disturb the grave.


Premise: Whic Carolina Panthers running back was waived?

Hypothesis: Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason, the Carolina Panthers had their best regular season in franchise history, becoming the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978.


Premise: After what battle did Union forces return to and occupy Jacksonville for the rest of the war?

Hypothesis: Union forces then retreated to Jacksonville and held the city for the remainder of the war.


Premise: What two artists came out with Coldplay during the half-time show?

Hypothesis: It was the third-most watched U.S. broadcast ever.


Premise: How many Kenyans are living below the poverty level?

Hypothesis: However, the 2011 UNAIDS Report suggests that the HIV epidemic may be improving in Kenya, as HIV prevalence is declining among young people (ages 15–24) and pregnant women.


Premise: Oxygen is released in cellular respiration by?

Hypothesis: Oxygen is used in cellular respiration and released by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water.


Premise: What company had a contest to win a free Super Bowl commercial?

Hypothesis: Death Wish Coffee beat out nine other contenders from across the United States for the free advertisement.


Premise: How many divisions was ABC radio restructured into in 2005?

Hypothesis: Between May and September 2005, rumors circulated that Disney–ABC was considering a sale of ABC Radio, with Clear Channel Communications and Westwood One (which had earlier purchased NBC's radio division, as well as the distribution rights to CBS's, and the Mutual Broadcasting System during the 1990s) as potential buyers.


Premise: What other business district does Orange County envelop outside of Downtown Santa Ana and Newport Center?

Hypothesis: West Irvine includes the Irvine Tech Center and Jamboree Business Parks.


Premise: Why did Berlin Huguenots switch to German from French in their services?

Hypothesis: They ultimately decided to switch to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia by Napoleon in 1806-07.


Premise: How many chloroplasts per cell does algae have?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts' main role is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH while freeing oxygen from water.


Premise: How many people died in the outbreak of 1471?

Hypothesis: An outbreak in 1471 took as much as 10–15% of the population, while the death rate of the plague of 1479–80 could have been as high as 20%.


Premise: A subway tunnel from the museum leads to which tube station?

Hypothesis: Eva Jiřičná designed the enhancements to the main entrance and rotunda, the new shop, the tunnel and the sculpture galleries.


Premise: Capital City and ABC sold the WXYZ-TV and WFTS-TV stations to what company?

Hypothesis: To finance the purchase, Capital Cities borrowed $2.1 billion from a consortium of banks, which sold certain assets that Capital Cites could not acquire or retain due to FCC ownership rules for a combined $900 million and sold off several cable television systems, which were sold to The Washington Post Company (forming the present-day Cable One).


Premise: What is the title for a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in full-time appointment after being commissioned?

Hypothesis: The provisional elder/deacon is a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in a full-time appointment after being commissioned.


Premise: How are existing teachers and non-teachers vetted?

Hypothesis: Existing staff will be vetted on a phased basis.


Premise: Focus on what is to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often highly competitive and adversarial practices within the construction industry.

Hypothesis: There is also a growing number of new forms of procurement that involve relationship contracting where the emphasis is on a co-operative relationship between the principal and contractor and other stakeholders within a construction project.


Premise: The first episode of Doctor Who premiered the day after what famous event in history?

Hypothesis: Premiering the day after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, the first episode of Doctor Who was repeated with the second episode the following week.


Premise: Who was the game's top receiver?

Hypothesis: He was also the team's leading rusher with 45 yards on six carries.


Premise: Which linebacker led the Broncos in tackles?

Hypothesis: Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four fumbles, and recovered three.


Premise: With what word was Tesla's sociability described?

Hypothesis: However, when he did engage in a social life, many people spoke very positively and admiringly of Tesla.


Premise: How often is the AV Festival held?

Hypothesis: The biennial AV Festival of international electronic art, featuring exhibitions, concerts, conferences and film screenings, is held in March.


Premise: How is Newport's airport connected to the city?

Hypothesis: Newcastle International Airport is located approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from the city centre on the northern outskirts of the city near Ponteland and is the larger of the two main airports serving the North East.


Premise: What are two official bodies of the UMC governing coalition?

Hypothesis: As such, two official bodies of the United Methodist Church are part of the Religious Coalition for Reproductive Choice's governing coalition, The General Board of Church and Society, and the United Methodist Women.


Premise: Which successor to Henry resumed persecution of the Huguenots?

Hypothesis: The uprising occurred a decade following the death of Henry IV, a Huguenot before converting to Catholicism, who had protected Protestants through the Edict of Nantes.


Premise: Who is one prominent advocate of this theory?

Hypothesis: He was regarded by the Gallicans and Protestants as a noble man who respected people's dignity and lives.


Premise: What techniques can be used to determine paleotopography?

Hypothesis: These methods can also be used to determine ages of pluton emplacement.


Premise: Who were the sculpture galleries that opened in 2006 named after?

Hypothesis: Then there is a section that covers late 19th-century and early 20th-century sculpture, this includes work by Rodin and other French sculptors such as Dalou who spent several years in Britain where he taught sculpture.


Premise: How long was Warsaw the capital of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?

Hypothesis: Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia.


Premise: What was Tesla's idea regarding Earth?

Hypothesis: He stated that he observed stationary waves during this time.


Premise: What buildings held the Milton Friedman Institute?

Hypothesis: The institute will cost around $200 million and occupy the buildings of the Chicago Theological Seminary.


Premise: On what other calendar is Luther commemorated?

Hypothesis: In the Church of England's Calendar of Saints he is commemorated on 31 October.


Premise: What does Phosphorylation do?

Hypothesis: Phosphorylation helps many proteins bind the polypeptide, keeping it from folding prematurely.


Premise: Who is the producer of Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: The programme depicts the adventures of the Doctor, a Time Lord—a space and time-travelling humanoid alien.


Premise: How did Tesla attend the university?

Hypothesis: In January 1880, two of Tesla's uncles put together enough money to help him leave Gospić for Prague where he was to study.


Premise: What sport attracts most tourists to Jacksonville?

Hypothesis: As with much of Florida, tourism is also important to the Jacksonville area, particularly tourism related to golf.


Premise: What had the Yuan used to print its money before bronze plates?

Hypothesis: One of the more notable applications of printing technology was the chao, the paper money of the Yuan.


Premise: What is said to be the largest travelling funfair in Europe?

Hypothesis: The right incidentally extends to the pitch of St. James' Park, Newcastle United Football Club's ground, though this is not exercised, although the Freemen do collect rent for the loss of privilege.


Premise: When was the settlement which would become Warsaw established?

Hypothesis: The Prince of Płock, Bolesław II of Masovia, established this settlement, the modern-day Warsaw, in about 1300.


Premise: In 1942, what was North Fresno previously called?

Hypothesis: Before World War II, Fresno had many ethnic neighborhoods, including Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown.


Premise: When did the V&A acquired the Costiff collection?

Hypothesis: The museum continues to acquire examples of modern fashion to add to the collection.


Premise: Who did Disney sell the four newspapers that ABC controlled to?

Hypothesis: On April 4, Disney sold the four newspapers that ABC had controlled under Capital Cities to Knight Ridder for $1.65 billion.


Premise: What were later Yuan emperors disinterested in?

Hypothesis: The reigns of the later Yuan emperors were short and marked by intrigues and rivalries.


Premise: What is one of the reason that underdeveloped nations received aid from the oil income?

Hypothesis: Some of the income was dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations whose economies had been caught between higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities, amid shrinking Western demand.


Premise: What is the main difference between online pharmacies and community pharmacies?

Hypothesis: Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies, and in fact, many of them are actually operated by brick-and-mortar community pharmacies that serve consumers online and those that walk in their door.


Premise: In 1735, where did John and Charles Wesley teach the gospel in America?

Hypothesis: In 1735, John and Charles Wesley went to America to teach the gospel to the American Indians in the colony of Georgia.


Premise: What was the name of the storm that hit Jacksonville in May of 2012?

Hypothesis: On May 28, 2012, Jacksonville was hit by Tropical Storm Beryl, packing winds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h) which made landfall near Jacksonville Beach.


Premise: What are chromoplasts?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts may be converted to chromoplasts, which are pigment-filled plastids responsible for the bright colors seen in flowers and ripe fruit.


Premise: Why is it difficult to resolve disagreements about the changes in the Amazon rainforest?

Hypothesis: This debate has proved difficult to resolve because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin, and both explanations are reasonably well supported by the available data.


Premise: What type of jihad does HT avoid engaging in?

Hypothesis: But many HT members have gone on to join terrorist groups and many jihadi terrorists have cited HT as their key influence.


Premise: Where do Apicomplexans store energy?

Hypothesis: Apicomplexans store their energy in amylopectin starch granules that are located in their cytoplasm, even though they are nonphotosynthetic.


Premise: What is the central business district of San Diego?

Hypothesis: Most of these districts are located in Northern San Diego and some within North County regions.


Premise: What term resulted from Dioscorides' book?

Hypothesis: The Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides is famous for writing a five volume book in his native Greek Περί ύλης ιατρικής in the 1st century AD.


Premise: What type of degree must a teacher have, at a minimum?

Hypothesis: Salaries for Nursery, Primary and Secondary School teachers ranged from £20,133 to £41,004 in September 2007, although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities.


Premise: How has this debate been proven?


Premise: What ended up being used for the streetcars in the place of Tesla's system?

Hypothesis: They ended up using a DC traction motor instead.


Premise: What purpose would Luther have in not wanting to ban the Qur'an?

Hypothesis: He opposed banning the publication of the Qur'an, wanting it exposed to scrutiny.


Premise: Who became the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church?

Hypothesis: Richard Allen and Absalom Jones became the first African Americans ordained by the Methodist Church.


Premise: Where did Tesla and Twain hang out?

Hypothesis: In middle age, Tesla became a close friend of Mark Twain; they spent a lot of time together in his lab and elsewhere.


Premise: What do those in the field do to ensure a positive outcome?

Hypothesis: For this reason, those with experience in the field make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project to ensure a positive outcome.


Premise: What is included along with gravitational acceration, and mass of the Earth in a formula about rotation about the Earth?

Hypothesis: Combining these ideas gives a formula that relates the mass () and the radius () of the Earth to the gravitational acceleration:


Premise: When was the Rhine fully within the Holy Roman Empire?

Hypothesis: In the 9th, it formed part of the border between Middle and Western Francia, but in the 10th century, it was fully within the Holy Roman Empire, flowing through Swabia, Franconia and Lower Lorraine.


Premise: Fans blame the poor viewership of the late 80's to competition from what show?

Hypothesis: Its late 1980s performance of three to five million viewers was seen as poor at the time and was, according to the BBC Board of Control, a leading cause of the programme's 1989 suspension.


Premise: What dynasty did Zhang Rhou help attack?

Hypothesis: Chagaan (Tsagaan) and Zhang Rou jointly launched an attack on the Song dynasty ordered by Töregene Khatun.


Premise: What Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner is also a university alumni member?

Hypothesis: American economist, social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell is also an alumnus.


Premise: How many of the schools in Newcastle are independent?

Hypothesis: St Cuthbert's High School and Sacred Heart are the two primary state-Catholic run high schools, and are both achieving results on par with the independent schools in Newcastle.


Premise: What company agreed to terminate high court proceedings with BSkyB?

Hypothesis: Currently there is no indication as to whether the new deal includes the additional Video On Demand and High Definition content which had previously been offered by BSkyB.


Premise: What are the three major types of rock?

Hypothesis: The rock cycle is an important concept in geology which illustrates the relationships between these three types of rock, and magma.


Premise: What percentage of the vote for a Scottish Assembly in favor of it?

Hypothesis: Although the vote was 51.6% in favour of a Scottish Assembly, this figure did not equal the 40% of the total electorate threshold deemed necessary to pass the measure, as 32.9% of the eligible voting population did not, or had been unable to, vote.


Premise: Who sequenced the first plastome?

Hypothesis: Its existence was first proved in 1962, and first sequenced in 1986—when two Japanese research teams sequenced the chloroplast DNA of liverwort and tobacco.


Premise: Who recorded "Walking in Fresno?"

Hypothesis: Aken also made his first TV appearance playing guitar on the old country-western show at The Fresno Barn.


Premise: What kind of media can references to Tesla be found in

Hypothesis: Tesla's legacy has endured in books, films, radio, TV, music, live theater, comics and video games.


Premise: How many companies were registered in Warsaw in 2006?

Hypothesis: In 2006, 304,016 companies were registered in the city.


Premise: In what year were two Block I CSMs launched?

Hypothesis: Two Block I CSMs were launched from LC-34 on suborbital flights in 1966 with the Saturn IB.


Premise: What radio station do the students of Newcastle's two universities run?

Hypothesis: The city also has a Radio Lollipop station based at the Great North Children's Hospital in the Newcastle Royal Victoria Infirmary.


Premise: What does refusing to preach the Ten Commandments not do?

Hypothesis: Claiming that the law – in any form – should not be preached to Christians anymore would be tantamount to asserting that Christians are no longer sinners in themselves and that the church consists only of essentially holy people.


Premise: When did the partnership between Tesla, Lane and Vail form?

Hypothesis: The company installed electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had designs for dynamo electric machine commutators, the first patents issued to Tesla in the US.


Premise: What is the title for a seminary graduate who serves a two-three-year term in full-time appointment after being commissioned?

Hypothesis: For the first time in its history non-ordained pastors became a normal expectation, rather than an extraordinary provision for ministry.


Premise: What protects the statocyst?

Hypothesis: A ctenophore does not automatically try to keep the statolith resting equally on all the balancers.


Premise: When did Luther start preaching Prophetic faith?

Hypothesis: His main interest was centered on the prophecy of the Little Horn in Daniel 8:9–12, 23–25.


Premise: What is rubisco's flaw?

Hypothesis: Rubisco has a problem—it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen, so at high oxygen concentrations, rubisco starts accidentally adding oxygen to sugar precursors.


Premise: What is similar to literacy that a teacher would teach?

Hypothesis: A teacher's role may vary among cultures.


Premise: In what episode was the Fifth Doctor confirmed?

Hypothesis: In Mawdryn Undead (1983), the Fifth Doctor explicitly confirmed that he was then currently in his fifth incarnation.


Premise: What US war caused a high amount of civil disobedience?

Hypothesis: Courts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience: "Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law."


Premise: Where is the Z-ring?

Hypothesis: The division process starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 assemble into filaments, and with the help of a protein ARC6, form a structure called a Z-ring within the chloroplast's stroma.


Premise: Which problem consists of both  inflationary and deflationary impacts?

Hypothesis: The embargo had a negative influence on the US economy by causing immediate demands to address the threats to U.S. energy security.


Premise: Who did the Yuan's increase in commerce help?

Hypothesis: The reason for the order of the classes and the reason why people were placed in a certain class was the date they surrendered to the Mongols, and had nothing to do with their ethnicity.


Premise: What did Luther's answer to the antinomians reaffirms?

Hypothesis: In his theses and disputations against the antinomians, Luther reviews and reaffirms, on the one hand, what has been called the "second use of the law," that is, the law as the Holy Spirit's tool to work sorrow over sin in man's heart, thus preparing him for Christ's fulfillment of the law offered in the gospel.


Premise: In an atmospheric engine, what does air pressure push against?

Hypothesis: They were powered by air pressure pushing a piston into the partial vacuum generated by condensing steam, instead of the pressure of expanding steam.


Premise: Who asserted Russia's right to "self-determination?"

Hypothesis: Beginning in 1923, the policy of "Indigenization" [korenizatsiia] was intended to support non-Russians develop their national cultures within a socialist framework.


Premise: Which is older the British Empire or the Ethiopian Empire?

Hypothesis: The Americas during the pre-Columbian era also had large empires such as the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire.


Premise: What did Martin Brecht call Luther's stand on the Jews?

Hypothesis: Uwe Siemon-Netto agreed, arguing that it was because the Nazis were already anti-Semites that they revived Luther's work.


Premise: What district of Warsaw chose the President between 1994 and 1999?

Hypothesis: In the years of 1994–1999 the mayor of the district Centrum automatically was designated as the President of Warsaw: the mayor of Centrum was elected by the district council of Centrum and the council was elected only by the Centrum residents.


Premise: Western governments considered Islamists to be the lesser of two evils when compared to whom?

Hypothesis: During the 1970s and sometimes later, Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists and Islamist groups that later came to be seen as dangerous enemies.


Premise: What day was the Super Bowl played on?

Hypothesis: As this was the 50th Super Bowl, the league emphasized the "golden anniversary" with various gold-themed initiatives, as well as temporarily suspending the tradition of naming each Super Bowl game with Roman numerals (under which the game would have been known as "Super Bowl L"), so that the logo could prominently feature the Arabic numerals 50.


Premise: Who helped develop the first man-made self-sustaining nuclear reaction?

Hypothesis: Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field.


Premise: What working fluid is used in a mercury vapor turbine?

Hypothesis: Mercury is the working fluid in the mercury vapor turbine.


Premise: What distinguishes granal thylakoids?

Hypothesis: The flat tops and bottoms of granal thylakoids contain only the relatively flat photosystem II protein complex.


Premise: What type of manufacturing plant is Victoria soon losing?

Hypothesis: Historically, Victoria has been the base for the manufacturing plants of the major car brands Ford, Toyota and Holden; however, closure announcements by all three companies in the 21st century will mean that Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry, with Toyota's statement in February 2014 outlining a closure year of 2017.


Premise: What do redistribution mechanisms lead to?

Hypothesis: Eventually, through various possible redistribution mechanisms such as social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality.


Premise: Why has Warsaw seen many improvements over the past decade?

Hypothesis: Like many cities in Central and Eastern Europe, infrastructure in Warsaw suffered considerably during its time as an Eastern Bloc economy – though it is worth mentioning that the initial Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland (especially Warsaw) was a major success, but what followed was very much the opposite.


Premise: What did these Lutheran clerics use as fuel to bolster the Policies of the Nazis?

Hypothesis: Christopher J. Probst in his book Demonizing the Jews: Luther and the Protestant Church in Nazi Germany (2012), shows that a large number of German Lutheran clergy and theologians during the Nazi Third Reich used Luther's hostile publications towards the Jews and their Jewish religion to justify at least in part the anti-Semitic policies of the National Socialists.


Premise: What is the biggest ABC subchannel affiliate by the size of markets?

Hypothesis: The Sinclair Broadcast Group is the largest operator of ABC stations by numerical total, owning or providing services to 28 ABC affiliates and two additional subchannel-only affiliates; Sinclair owns the largest ABC subchannel affiliate by market size, WABM-DT2/WDBB-DT2 in the Birmingham market, which serve as repeaters of WBMA-LD (the largest low-power "Big Four" affiliate by market size, which itself is also simulcast on a subchannel of former WBMA satellite WGWW, owned by Sinclair partner company Howard Stirk Holdings).


Premise: Why is shine-dalgarno sequence recognition important?

Hypothesis: Small subunit ribosomal RNAs in several Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts lack motifs for shine-dalgarno sequence recognition, which is considered essential for translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes.


Premise: How many sacks did Derek Wolfe register?

Hypothesis: Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four fumbles, and recovered three.


Premise: What was produced at tesla's company?

Hypothesis: The company installed electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had designs for dynamo electric machine commutators, the first patents issued to Tesla in the US.


Premise: New broadcast regulations from the FCC in 1968 allowed companies to own a maximum of how many radio stations?

Hypothesis: In July 1968, ABC continued its acquisitions in the amusement parks sector with the opening of ABC Marine World in Redwood City, California; that park was sold in 1972 and demolished in 1986, with the land that occupied the park later becoming home to the headquarters of Oracle Corporation.


Premise: Disney paid for The Jungle Book, Alice Through the Looking Glass, and which other film trailer to be aired during the game?

Hypothesis: 20th Century Fox, Lionsgate, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Walt Disney Studios paid for movie trailers to be aired during the Super Bowl.


Premise: Whose army liberated Warsaw in 1806?

Hypothesis: Liberated by Napoleon's army in 1806, Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw.


Premise: In what year did the first ABC identification card have a 3D appearance?

Hypothesis: Among the "ABC Circle" logo's many variants was a 1977 ID sequence that featured a bubble on a black background representing the circle with glossy gold letters, and as such, was the first ABC identification card to have a three-dimensional appearance.


Premise: What route connects Fresno with the California Central Valley?

Hypothesis: Fresno is served by State Route 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley.


Premise: In what expression can one expect to find DTIME(n)

Hypothesis: In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2), it would be interesting to know if the inclusion is strict.


Premise: The immune systems of bacteria have enzymes that protect against infection by what kind of cells?

Hypothesis: Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections.


Premise: What did Houghton say is necessary for any changes to the SPM?

Hypothesis: Houghton has stressed that the SPM is agreed upon by delegates from many of the world's governments, and that any changes to the SPM must be supported by scientific evidence.


Premise: What was East and Central Africa's economy boosted by?

Hypothesis: 22% of GDP still comes from the unreliable agricultural sector which employs 75% of the labour force (a consistent characteristic of under-developed economies that have not attained food security – an important catalyst of economic growth)


Premise: Why did natural sedimentation by the Rhine compensate the transgression bby the sea?

Hypothesis: Since 7500 yr ago, a situation with tides and currents, very similar to present has existed.


Premise: What kind of affect did Luther often use in his discourses?

Hypothesis: Some scholars, such as Mark U. Edwards in his book Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics 1531–46 (1983), suggest that since Luther's increasingly antisemitic views developed during the years his health deteriorated, it is possible they were at least partly the product of a declining state of mind.


Premise: How long does it take to know the outcome of a division?

Hypothesis: This "Decision Time" is heralded by the sounding of the division bell, which is heard throughout the Parliamentary campus and alerts MSPs who are not in the chamber to return and vote.


Premise: What resolution were the cameras increased to for the game?

Hypothesis: (An earlier version of EyeVision was last used in Super Bowl XXXV; for Super Bowl 50, the cameras were upgraded to 5K resolution.)


Premise: What did DECnet originally do

Hypothesis: However, DECnet Phase II (and later) were open standards with published specifications, and several implementations were developed outside DEC, including one for Linux.


Premise: What prohibits atoms from passing through each other?

Hypothesis: For example, friction is a manifestation of the electromagnetic force acting between the atoms of two surfaces, and the Pauli exclusion principle, which does not permit atoms to pass through each other.


Premise: By how much did Labour lead Lain Gray retain East Lothian?

Hypothesis: The SNP took 16 seats from Labour, with many of their key figures not returned to parliament, although Labour leader Iain Gray retained East Lothian by 151 votes.


Premise: What production company pitched The Untouchables to CBS in 1958?

Hypothesis: In late 1958, Desilu Productions pitched its detective series The Untouchables to CBS; after that network rejected the show because of its use of violence, Desilu then presented it to ABC, which agreed to pick up the show, and debuted The Untouchables in April 1959.


Premise: Who was the opposing party in the Runyon case?

Hypothesis: Some of the most relevant Supreme Court case law on this is as follows: Runyon v. McCrary, 427 U.S. 160 (1976); Wisconsin v. Yoder, 406 U.S. 205 (1972); Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 U.S. 510 (1925); Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923).


Premise: A mermaid stopped to rest on the sandy beach by what village?

Hypothesis: One of them decided to stay on the coast of Denmark and can be seen sitting at the entrance to the port of Copenhagen.


Premise: When did the term imperialism first come to be used by its current definition?

Hypothesis: The term "Imperialism" was originally introduced into English in its present sense in the late 1870s by opponents of the allegedly aggressive and ostentatious imperial policies of British prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli.


Premise: If two thirds of the Rhine flows through Waal, where does the other third flow through?

Hypothesis: The IJssel branch carries one ninth of the water flow of the Rhine north into the IJsselmeer (a former bay), while the Nederrijn carries approximately two ninths of the flow west along a route parallel to the Waal.


Premise: What were the civil wars caused by the Huguenots called?

Hypothesis: A series of three small civil wars known as the Huguenot rebellions broke out, mainly in southwestern France, between 1621 and 1629.


Premise: In what way do idea strings transmit tesion forces?

Hypothesis: Ideal strings transmit tension forces instantaneously in action-reaction pairs so that if two objects are connected by an ideal string, any force directed along the string by the first object is accompanied by a force directed along the string in the opposite direction by the second object.


Premise: What do red algal chloroplasts have that green chloroplasts don't?

Hypothesis: They differ from glaucophyte and red algal chloroplasts in that they have lost their phycobilisomes, and contain chlorophyll


Premise: What is the name of the trophy given to anyone who plays on the winning team in a Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Vince Lombardi Trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive, the winner of Super Bowl 50 will also receive a large, 18-karat gold-plated "50".


Premise: What is the primary mission of the Daleks?

Hypothesis: They even attack the Time Lords in the Time War, as shown during the 50th Anniversary of the show.


Premise: Has there ever been anyone charged with importing drugs from Canada for personal medicinal use?

Hypothesis: In the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs.


Premise: What is the strongest main interaction?

Hypothesis: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2–10:79 High-energy particle physics observations made during the 1970s and 1980s confirmed that the weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of a more fundamental electroweak interaction.


Premise: What term do Islamists think should be applied to them?

Hypothesis: Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Group maintains that "the conception of 'political Islam'" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam was a historical fluke of the "short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970", and it is quietist/non-political Islam, not Islamism, that requires explanation.


Premise: What job did Tesla's father have in Gospic?

Hypothesis: In 1861, Tesla attended the "Lower" or "Primary" School in Smiljan where he studied German, arithmetic, and religion.


Premise: How far from state house in downtown Boston is Harvard Yard?

Hypothesis: Harvard's 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km)


Premise: What did Shrewsbury note about the plague?

Hypothesis: The plague theory was first significantly challenged by the work of British bacteriologist J. F. D. Shrewsbury in 1970, who noted that the reported rates of mortality in rural areas during the 14th-century pandemic were inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague, leading him to conclude that contemporary accounts were exaggerations.


Premise: By which year did Chrysler ended its full sized luxury model?

Hypothesis: Chrysler ended production of their full-sized luxury sedans at the end of the 1981 model year, moving instead to a full front-wheel drive lineup for 1982 (except for the M-body Dodge Diplomat/Plymouth Gran Fury and Chrysler New Yorker Fifth Avenue sedans).


Premise: What was the final score of the game between the Panthers and the Seahawks?

Hypothesis: The Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game, 49–15, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers.


Premise: What was the total number of patents that Tesla had?

Hypothesis: There are a minimum of 278 patents issued to Tesla in 26 countries that have been accounted for.


Premise: What equation desribed the physics of force before the current Schrodinger equation?

Hypothesis: This has the consequence that the results of a measurement are now sometimes "quantized", i.e. they appear in discrete portions.


Premise: When did the FCC approve UPT's purchase of ABC?

Hypothesis: On February 9, 1953, the FCC approved UPT's purchase of ABC in exchange for $25 million in shares.


Premise: When did the age of Imperialism begin?

Hypothesis: The Age of Imperialism, a time period beginning around 1700, saw (generally European) industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power.[citation needed]


Premise: Who was the Super Bowl 50 MVP?

Hypothesis: Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.


Premise: How did some suspect that Polo learned about China instead of by actually visiting it?

Hypothesis: Some suggest that Marco Polo acquired much of his knowledge through contact with Persian traders since many of the places he named were in Persian.


Premise: When was Apollo 6, or AS-502, tested?

Hypothesis: Based on the good performance of Apollo 6 and identification of satisfactory fixes to the Apollo 6 problems, NASA declared the Saturn V ready to fly men, cancelling a third unmanned test.


Premise: What is a main duty of the GPhC?

Hypothesis: A Pharmacy Technician in the UK is considered a health care professional and often does not work under the direct supervision of a pharmacist (if employed in a hospital pharmacy) but instead is supervised and managed by other senior pharmacy technicians.


Premise: What can be combined with geophysical data to produce a better view of the subsurface?

Hypothesis: Geophysical data and well logs can be combined to produce a better view of the subsurface, and stratigraphers often use computer programs to do this in three dimensions.


Premise: Who was the Associate Administrator that Houbolt spoke with?

Hypothesis: Bypassing the NASA hierarchy, he sent a series of memos and reports on the issue to Associate Administrator Robert Seamans; while acknowledging that he spoke "somewhat as a voice in the wilderness," Houbolt pleaded that LOR should not be discounted in studies of the question.


Premise: What was the number of customers that the BBC  reported had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries?

Hypothesis: Finally, the BBC reported that 17,000 customers had yet to receive the service due to failed deliveries.


Premise: How much did the statement predict global surface temperature would increase by 2100?

Hypothesis: The TAR has also been endorsed by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences, Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society, and European Geosciences Union (refer to "Endorsements of the IPCC").


Premise: When do cash flow problems exist?

Hypothesis: Cash flow problems exist when the present amount of funding cannot cover the current costs for labour and materials, and because they are a matter of having sufficient funds at a specific time, can arise even when the overall total is enough.


Premise: Which Pope sought to undermine Luther's theories?

Hypothesis: Pope Leo X was used to reformers and heretics, and he responded slowly, "with great care as is proper."


Premise: What makes the method of trial division more efficient?

Hypothesis: This routine can be implemented more efficiently if a complete list of primes up to  is known—then trial divisions need to be checked only for those m that are prime.


Premise: When was the measurement of the Rhine introduced?

Hypothesis: The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km).


Premise: How many customers does Sky UK Limited have as a pay-TV broadcaster as of 2015?

Hypothesis: It was the UK's most popular digital TV service until it was overtaken by Freeview in April 2007.


Premise: What did the Court of Justice reason were controlled in all member states in Josemans v Burgemeester van Maastricht?

Hypothesis: For example, in Van Binsbergen v Bestuur van de Bedrijfvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid a Dutch lawyer moved to Belgium while advising a client in a social security case, and was told he could not continue because Dutch law said only people established in the Netherlands could give legal advice.


Premise: What is the high end of the temperature range in winter?

Hypothesis: But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state, it occurs on the Southeast of the state.


Premise: How many megaregions are there in the United States?

Hypothesis: The 8- and 10-county definitions are not used for the greater Southern California Megaregion, one of the 11 megaregions of the United States.


Premise: What is the moniker that is being used to describe the region's diversified technology?

Hypothesis: Amongst these include 5 University of California campuses (Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego); 12 California State University campuses (Bakersfield, Channel Islands, Dominguez Hills, Fullerton, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Northridge, Pomona, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Marcos, and San Luis Obispo); and private institutions such as the California Institute of Technology, Chapman University, the Claremont Colleges (Claremont McKenna College, Harvey Mudd College, Pitzer College, Pomona College, and Scripps College), Loma Linda University, Loyola Marymount University, Occidental College, Pepperdine University, University of Redlands, University of San Diego, and the University of Southern California.


Premise: Which border does the megaregion extend over?

Hypothesis: The megaregion's area is more expansive, extending east into Las Vegas, Nevada, and south across the Mexican border into Tijuana.


Premise: Where does the Rhine river's measurement begin?


Premise: When B cells and T cells begin to replicate, what do some of their offspring cells become?

Hypothesis: Throughout the lifetime of an animal, these memory cells remember each specific pathogen encountered and can mount a strong response if the pathogen is detected again.


Premise: How much thrust was estimated for the translunar flight?

Hypothesis: A 1964 program definition study concluded that the initial design should be continued as Block I which would be used for early testing, while Block II, the actual lunar spacecraft, would incorporate the docking equipment and take advantage of the lessons learned in Block I development.


Premise: In what process is singlet oxygen usually formed?

Hypothesis: In nature, singlet oxygen is commonly formed from water during photosynthesis, using the energy of sunlight.


Premise: Who considers Luther's speech a world classic?

Hypothesis: Michael Mullett considers this speech as a "world classic of epoch-making oratory."


Premise: Who confirmed Watt's discovery of latent heat?

Hypothesis: Watt independently discovered latent heat, which was confirmed by the original discoverer Joseph Black, who also advised Watt on experimental procedures.


Premise: What did the second stage in the Saturn V end up doing?

Hypothesis: The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon.


Premise: Who is on the IPCC Panel?

Hypothesis: Plenary sessions of the IPCC and IPCC Working groups are held at the level of government representatives.


Premise: What is the name of the European Union agency for external border security?

Hypothesis: The Warsaw Stock Exchange is one of the largest and most important in Central and Eastern Europe.


Premise: How many divisions make up the academics of the university?

Hypothesis: The first four are sections within their corresponding graduate divisions, while the New Collegiate Division administers interdisciplinary majors and studies which do not fit in one of the other four divisions.


Premise: How many beds does the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology have?

Hypothesis: The clinical section is located in a 10-floor building with 700 beds, 10 operating theatres, an intensive care unit, several diagnostic departments as well as an outpatient clinic.


Premise: What did Tesla call his electrical effects in 1893?

Hypothesis: At the Columbian Exposition, under a banner announcing the "Tesla Polyphase System", Tesla demonstrated a series of electrical effects previously performed throughout America and Europe,:76 included using high-voltage, high-frequency alternating current to light a wireless gas-discharge lamp.:79 An observer noted:


Premise: What change in conditions may make the Amazon rainforest unsustainable?

Hypothesis: One computer model of future climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures, leading to an almost complete loss of rainforest cover in the basin by 2100.


Premise: When was the Disney and ABC merger first announced?

Hypothesis: Around the time of the merger, Disney's television production units had already produced series for the network such as Home Improvement and Boy Meets World, while the deal also allowed ABC access to Disney's children's programming library for its Saturday morning block.


Premise: Who was the chief executive officer when the service began?

Hypothesis: Michael Grade criticized the operations in front of the Select Committee on National Heritage, mainly for the lack of original programming on many of the new channels.


Premise: What does the utilitarian principle seek for the greatest number of people?

Hypothesis: From this standpoint, for any given amount of wealth in society, a society with more equality will have higher aggregate utility.


Premise: Who was the first chair of the IPCC?

Hypothesis: The previous chairs were Rajendra K. Pachauri, elected in May 2002; Robert Watson in 1997; and Bert Bolin in 1988.


Premise: Who threw gold into the Rhine, according to legend?

Hypothesis: This "Germanic Heroic Age" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried killing a dragon on the Drachenfels (Siebengebirge) ("dragons rock"), near Bonn at the Rhine and of the Burgundians and their court at Worms, at the Rhine and Kriemhild's golden treasure, which was thrown into the Rhine by Hagen.


Premise: Which country in 1985 signed a treaty to give it special status?

Hypothesis: Major amending treaties were signed to complete the development of a single, internal market in the Single European Act 1986, to further the development of a more social Europe in the Treaty of Amsterdam 1997, and to make minor amendments to the relative power of member states in the EU institutions in the Treaty of Nice 2001 and the Treaty of Lisbon 2007.


Premise: Who is on the IPCC Panel?

Hypothesis: The IPCC Panel is composed of representatives appointed by governments and organizations.


Premise: After cancelling the show, what did the BBC tell the public?

Hypothesis: Falling viewing numbers, a decline in the public perception of the show and a less-prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989 by Jonathan Powell, controller of BBC 1.


Premise: Which rail line operates in Melbourne?

Hypothesis: Major operators include: Metro Trains Melbourne which runs an extensive, electrified, passenger system throughout Melbourne and suburbs; V/Line which is now owned by the Victorian Government, operates a concentrated service to major regional centres, as well as long distance services on other lines; Pacific National, CFCL Australia which operate freight services; Great Southern Rail which operates The Overland Melbourne—Adelaide; and NSW TrainLink which operates XPTs Melbourne—Sydney.


Premise: Who was named the president of ABC News in 1977?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, ABC News, which formed as a newly separate division, sought to become a global leader in television news.


Premise: Why would rampant violence prevent people from going to work?

Hypothesis: There may be an epidemic that causes widespread panic, or there could be rampant violence in the area that prevents people from going to work for fear of their lives.


Premise: What caused Luther to write hymns?

Hypothesis: This behavior started with his learning of the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, the first individuals to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church for Lutheran views, prompting Luther to write the hymn "


Premise: What kind of university is the University of Chicago?

Hypothesis: Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School.


Premise: Why did Luther condemn vows of celibacy?

Hypothesis: He had long condemned vows of celibacy on Biblical grounds, but his decision to marry surprised many, not least Melanchthon, who called it reckless.


Premise: What is another term used for year 13?

Hypothesis: The secondary level includes schools offering years 7 through 12 (year twelve is known as lower sixth) and year 13 (upper sixth).


Premise: In what country is a background check required?

Hypothesis: In addition to certification, many educational institutions especially within the US, require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation to be able to teach in classroom.


Premise: The term may be related to what politician from Switzerland?

Hypothesis: The nickname may have been a combined reference to the Swiss politician Besançon Hugues (died 1532) and the religiously conflicted nature of Swiss republicanism in his time, using a clever derogatory pun on the name Hugues by way of the Dutch word Huisgenoten (literally housemates), referring to the connotations of a somewhat related word in German Eidgenosse (Confederates as in "a citizen of one of the states of the Swiss Confederacy").


Premise: Who ended the series in 1989?


Premise: Who is an example of the diversity of leadership in the Mongol Empire?

Hypothesis: Many of the empire's nomadic inhabitants considered themselves Mongols in military and civilian life, including Mongols, Turks and others and included many diverse Khans of various ethnicities as part of the Mongol Empire such as Muhammad Khan.


Premise: What responsibilities are pharmacists believed to be taking on more in the future?

Hypothesis: In the coming decades, pharmacists are expected to become more integral within the health care system.


Premise: What is the Dutch word for the Amazon rainforest?

Hypothesis: The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.


Premise: When was Johann Tetzel sent by the Roman Catholic Church to Germany to sell indulgences?

Hypothesis: In 1516, Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences, was sent to Germany by the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.


Premise: The National Art Library at the V&A is known by what other name?

Hypothesis: There is a feature on the Victoria and Albert Museum web-site called "Search the Collections," but not everything is listed there.


Premise: By what name is that first Huguenot church known today?

Hypothesis: A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century.


Premise: How man of Grainger Town's 450 buildings are listed?

Hypothesis: Of Grainger Town's 450 buildings, 244 are listed, of which 29 are grade


Premise: What do red algal chloroplasts have that green chloroplasts don't?

Hypothesis: Most green chloroplasts are (obviously) green, though some aren't, like some forms of Hæmatococcus pluvialis, due to accessory pigments that override the chlorophylls' green colors.


Premise: How many Grade One listed railway stations are in the UK?

Hypothesis: Opened in 1850 by Queen Victoria, it was the first covered railway station in the world and was much copied across the UK.


Premise: What are the components of drug therapy?

Hypothesis: The clinical pharmacist's role involves creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for patient-specific problems, identifying goals of therapy, and reviewing all prescribed medications prior to dispensing and administration to the patient.


Premise: How many pieces of legislation has the Social Charter become the basis for?

Hypothesis: The Social Chapter is a chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam covering social policy issues in European Union law.


Premise: What is used to estimate emissions?

Hypothesis: While the preparation of the assessment reports is a major IPCC function, it also supports other activities, such as the Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, required under the UNFCCC.


Premise: Super Bowl 50 decided the NFL champion for what season?

Hypothesis: Super Bowl 50 was an American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season.


Premise: What type of medicine did otachi focus on?

Hypothesis: Kublai created the Imperial Academy of Medicine to manage medical treatises and the education of new doctors.


Premise: What does someone who completes the Initial Teacher Education (ITE) program get?

Hypothesis: Teaching in Scotland is an all graduate profession and the normal route for graduates wishing to teach is to complete a programme of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) at one of the seven Scottish Universities who offer these courses.


Premise: Who called for an agency to be created to be solely focused at undermining the Islamism ideology?

Hypothesis: Christian Whiton, an official in the George W. Bush administration, called for a new agency focused on the nonviolent practice of "political warfare" aimed at undermining the ideology.


Premise: What percentage of the population of Warsaw was Jewish in 1897?

Hypothesis: According to Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 638,000, Jews constituted 219,000 (around 34% percent).


Premise: What interfered with Kublai's second invasion of Japan?

Hypothesis: Kublai's second invasion of Japan in 1281 failed because of an inauspicious typhoon.


Premise: Approximately how many objects comprise the museum's collections of South and South-East Asian art?

Hypothesis: The Museum's collections of South and South-East Asian art are the most comprehensive and important in the West comprising nearly 60,000 objects, including about 10,000 textiles and 6000 paintings, the range of the collection is immense.


Premise: What sort of engines utilized the Yarrow-Schlick-Tweedy balancing system?

Hypothesis: This made the 4-cylinder triple-expansion engine popular with large passenger liners (such as the Olympic class), but this was ultimately replaced by the virtually vibration-free turbine engine.[citation needed]


Premise: When was the the second German empire founded?

Hypothesis: After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits.


Premise: As of what year were 10000 horsepower engines available?

Hypothesis: By 1883, engines that could provide 10,000 hp had become feasible.


Premise: What will V&A Dundee focus on?

Hypothesis: The V&A Dundee will be on the city's waterfront and is intended to focus on fashion, architecture, product design, graphic arts and photography.


Premise: Whose army liberated Warsaw in 1806?

Hypothesis: The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816.


Premise: Under Elie Metchnikoff's cellular theory, what cells were responsible for immune response?

Hypothesis: In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held, among others, by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organism’s “humors” rather than its cells.


Premise: What armed group stopped the uprising at Ballarat?

Hypothesis: This was crushed by British troops, but the discontents prompted colonial authorities to reform the administration (particularly reducing the hated mining licence fees) and extend the franchise.


Premise: What has the avoidance of men to become teachers caused, in some areas?

Hypothesis: Chris Keates, the general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers, said that teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on the sex offenders register and that prosecution for statutory rape "is a real anomaly in the law that we are concerned about.


Premise: Any number larger than 1 can be represented as a product of what?

Hypothesis: The fundamental theorem of arithmetic establishes the central role of primes in number theory: any integer greater than 1 can be expressed as a product of primes that is unique up to ordering.


Premise: In addition to endowments and tuition, how do boarding schools cover their operating costs?

Hypothesis: The leading schools such as the Groton School had substantial endowments running to hundreds of millions of dollars supplemented by fundraising drives.


Premise: According to reduction, if X and Y can be solved by the same algorithm then X performs what function in relationship to Y?

Hypothesis: For instance, if a problem X can be solved using an algorithm for Y, X is no more difficult than Y, and we say that X reduces to Y. There are many different types of reductions, based on the method of reduction, such as Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions, and the bound on the complexity of reductions, such as polynomial-time reductions or log-space reductions.


Premise: Who was the first president of the University of Chicago?

Hypothesis: Founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and wealthiest man in history John D. Rockefeller, the University of Chicago was incorporated in 1890; William Rainey Harper became the university's first president in 1891, and the first classes were held in 1892.


Premise: Why is the current sea level rising?

Hypothesis: Rates of sea-level rise had dropped so far, that natural sedimentation by the Rhine and coastal processes together, could compensate the transgression by the sea; in the last 7000 years, the coast line was roughly at the same location.


Premise: What does the outside of the Tardis resemble?

Hypothesis: Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired.


Premise: Where was the NFL Experience held for the 2015 season?

Hypothesis: More than 1 million people are expected to attend the festivities in San Francisco during Super Bowl Week.


Premise: In what city is Rangi Ruru Girls' School?

Hypothesis: Private schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland, St Paul's Collegiate School in Hamilton, St Peter's School in Cambridge, Samuel Marsden Collegiate School in Wellington, and Christ's College and St Margaret's College in Christchurch; or Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College in Auckland, Scots College and Queen Margaret College in Wellington, and St Andrew's College and Rangi Ruru Girls' School in Christchurch.


Premise: During the Bronco's playoff games, who did not throw at all?

Hypothesis: Despite Manning's problems with interceptions during the season, he didn't throw any in their two playoff games.


Premise: When did Denmark join the EU?

Hypothesis: Since its establishment, more member states have joined through a series of accession treaties, from the UK, Ireland, Denmark and Norway in 1972 (though Norway did not end up joining), Greece in 1979, Spain and Portugal 1985, Austria, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1994 (though again Norway failed to join, because of lack of support in the referendum), the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia in 2004, Romania and Bulgaria in 2007 and Croatia in 2013.


Premise: In what year did William Maclure begin the process of creating the first geological map of the U.S.?

Hypothesis: In 1807, Maclure commenced the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States.


Premise: What general religious belief did the nations that received Huguenot refugees have in common?

Hypothesis: The bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland.


Premise: What time do they normally have tea?

Hypothesis: In between, they have the 10 o'clock tea (chai ya saa nne) and 4 pm tea (chai ya saa kumi).


Premise: What publication published an article about Tesla in 1912?

Hypothesis: A continuation of this process would, he says, eventually split the earth in two."


Premise: What kinds of growth did Kublai encourage?

Hypothesis: Kublai Khan promoted commercial, scientific, and cultural growth.


Premise: When was his lab destroyed?

Hypothesis: His lab was torn down in 1904, and its contents were sold two years later to satisfy a debt.


Premise: IP and AM are most commonly defined by what type of proof system?

Hypothesis: Classes like IP and AM are defined using Interactive proof systems.


Premise: In what borough of New York City is ABC headquartered?

Hypothesis: The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, with additional major offices and production facilities in New York City, Los Angeles and Burbank, California.


Premise: How quickly is the sea level rising?


Premise: Where did the Grand Canal start?

Hypothesis: Marco Polo's travels would later inspire many others like Christopher Columbus to chart a passage to the Far East in search of its legendary wealth.


Premise: Which Doctor Who show was the largest simulcast of a TV drama?

Hypothesis: In 2013, the Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody "for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe."


Premise: How fast do objects fall on Earth?

Hypothesis: Today, this acceleration due to gravity towards the surface of the Earth is usually designated as  and has a magnitude of about 9.81 meters per second squared (this measurement is taken from sea level and may vary depending on location), and points toward the center of the Earth.


Premise: Where do cacti have chloroplasts?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts can also be found in the bundle sheath cells of a leaf, especially in C4 plants, which carry out the Calvin cycle in their bundle sheath cells.


Premise: How many phases was the Metro opened in between 1980 and 1984?

Hypothesis: It was opened in five phases between 1980 and 1984, and was Britain's first urban light rail transit system; two extensions were opened in 1991 and 2002.


Premise: What article was published in 1937?

Hypothesis: However, his religious views remain uncertain due to other statements that he made.


Premise: What is the enrollment of undergraduates at Harvard?

Hypothesis: The color was unofficially adopted (in preference to magenta) by an 1875 vote of the student body, although the association with some form of red can be traced back to 1858, when Charles William Eliot, a young graduate student who would later become Harvard's 21st and longest-serving president (1869–1909), bought red bandanas for his crew so they could more easily be distinguished by spectators at a regatta.


Premise: In which point did the drainage basin of the Amazon split?

Hypothesis: Within the last 5–10 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.


Premise: What conviction motivated Eliot to move towards secularization?

Hypothesis: While Eliot was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated not by a desire to secularize education, but by Transcendentalist Unitarian convictions.


Premise: What is the name of Sky Q's broadband router?

Hypothesis: The Sky Q Mini set top boxes connect to the Sky Q Silver set top boxes with a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection rather than receive their own satellite feeds.


Premise: Luther went to bed quoting what scripture?

Hypothesis: His companions, Justus Jonas and Michael Coelius, shouted loudly, "Reverend father, are you ready to die trusting in your Lord Jesus Christ and to confess the doctrine which you have taught in his name?"


Premise: What department did Kublai create to train doctors?

Hypothesis: Confucian scholars were attracted to the medical profession because it ensured a high income and medical ethics were compatible with Confucian virtues.


Premise: ABC created what company as a syndication distributor in response to the FCC's fin-syn rules?

Hypothesis: Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films as a production company.


Premise: The modern trend in design is toward integration of what?

Hypothesis: This is designated as a "design build" contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications.


Premise: What president eliminated the Christian position in the curriculum?

Hypothesis: Charles W. Eliot, president 1869–1909, eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction.