Premise: Where were the Lambing Flat riots?

Hypothesis: Although there was some racism directed at them, there was not the level of anti-Chinese violence that was seen at the Lambing Flat riots in New South Wales.


Premise: How many academic research divisions does the University of Chicago have?

Hypothesis: Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies and the Divinity School.


Premise: Which famous evolutionist was influenced by the book Principles of Geology?

Hypothesis: Sir Charles Lyell first published his famous book, Principles of Geology, in 1830.


Premise: Which animal's venom did Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis work with?

Hypothesis: In the 18th century, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis made experiments with scorpion venom and observed that certain dogs and mice were immune to this venom.


Premise: What did Standard & Poor recommend to speed economy recovery?

Hypothesis: To partially remedy the wealth gap and the resulting slow growth, S&P recommended increasing access to education.


Premise: In what month and year was the AS-258 scheduled to launch?

Hypothesis: In December 1966, the AS-205 mission was canceled, since the validation of the CSM would be accomplished on the 14-day first flight, and AS-205 would have been devoted to space experiments and contribute no new engineering knowledge about the spacecraft.


Premise: What is the name of one type of modern primality test?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, if the test ever fails, then we know that the number is composite.


Premise: What covered the new field at Levi's Stadium?

Hypothesis: Concerns were raised over whether Levi's Stadium's field was of a high enough quality to host a Super Bowl; during the inaugural season, the field had to be re-sodded multiple times due to various issues, and during a week 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip and miss a field goal, although the field has not had any major issues since.


Premise: What does the electrolysis of water produce?

Hypothesis: Contrary to popular belief, the 2:1 ratio observed in the DC electrolysis of acidified water does not prove that the empirical formula of water is H2O unless certain assumptions are made about the molecular formulae of hydrogen and oxygen themselves.


Premise: What does Article 102 of the Treaty of Lisbon prohibit?

Hypothesis: Article 102 prohibits the abuse of dominant position, such as price discrimination and exclusive dealing.


Premise: What needs to be made to ensure poorer members of society can participate in economic growth?

Hypothesis: In the words of the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-Moon: "While economic growth is necessary, it is not sufficient for progress on reducing poverty."


Premise: Where was an elected assembly to be set up, under the terms of the Scotland Act of 1978?

Hypothesis: Although the vote was 51.6% in favour of a Scottish Assembly, this figure did not equal the 40% of the total electorate threshold deemed necessary to pass the measure, as 32.9% of the eligible voting population did not, or had been unable to, vote.


Premise: What kind of amino acids are overrepresented in epitope regions?

Hypothesis: Computational methods have been developed to predict the immunogenicity of peptides and proteins, which are particularly useful in designing therapeutic antibodies, assessing likely virulence of mutations in viral coat particles, and validation of proposed peptide-based drug treatments.


Premise: What are some Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts missing?

Hypothesis: Small subunit ribosomal RNAs in several Chlorophyta and euglenid chloroplasts lack motifs for shine-dalgarno sequence recognition, which is considered essential for translation initiation in most chloroplasts and prokaryotes.


Premise: Does the residential architecture of the Tower District compare or contrast with other part of Fresno?

Hypothesis: The residential architecture of the Tower District contrasts with the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas of Fresno.


Premise: In what year were two Block I CSMs launched?

Hypothesis: These flights validated the Service Module engine and the Command Module heat shield.


Premise: Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?

Hypothesis: No plans were announced regarding the recognition of Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII, who died in 2001.


Premise: What developmental network was discontinued after the shutdown of ABC1?

Hypothesis: With ABC1's shutdown that October, the company's attempt to develop ABC International were discontinued.


Premise: What did John Dalton think that all elements were in number present in compounds?

Hypothesis: John Dalton's original atomic hypothesis assumed that all elements were monatomic and that the atoms in compounds would normally have the simplest atomic ratios with respect to one another.


Premise: What "war" was Tesla involved in?

Hypothesis: Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City.


Premise: Which Panthers RB scored 6 TDs in the 13 games leading up to Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections.


Premise: What has a classification system for construction companies?

Hypothesis: To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors: building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors.


Premise: What kind of people attend the IPCC meetings?

Hypothesis: Plenary sessions of the IPCC and IPCC Working groups are held at the level of government representatives.


Premise: What were the years two Regulations that conflicted with an Italian law originate in the Simmenthal SpA case?

Hypothesis: Similarly, in Amministrazione delle Finanze v Simmenthal SpA, a company, Simmenthal SpA, claimed that a public health inspection fee under an Italian law of 1970 for importing beef from France to Italy was contrary to two Regulations from 1964 and 1968.


Premise: How many yards was the field goal that made the score 13-7 in Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Despite Denver's excellent field position, they could not get the ball into the end zone, so McManus kicked a 33-yard field goal that increased their lead to 13–7.


Premise: Who received the pass that was ruled incomplete and confirmed after a challenge?

Hypothesis: CBS analyst and retired referee Mike Carey stated he disagreed with the call and felt the review clearly showed the pass was complete.


Premise: Going to jail accomplished what goal of civil disobedience?

Hypothesis: Howard Zinn writes, "There may be many times when protesters choose to go to jail, as a way of continuing their protest, as a way of reminding their countrymen of injustice.


Premise: What did the Mongol elites wish Buyantu didn't do?

Hypothesis: Also, he codified much of the law, as well as publishing or translating a number of Chinese books and works.


Premise: Who was the creator of NYPD Blue?

Hypothesis: Daniel Burke departed from Capital Cities/ABC in February 1994, with Thomas Murphy taking over as president before ceding control to Robert Iger.


Premise: In what year did Joseph Priestley recognize oxygen?

Hypothesis: The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory of combustion and corrosion.


Premise: What was the percentage of people that voted in favor of the Pico Act of 1859?

Hypothesis: It was approved overwhelmingly by nearly 75% of voters in the proposed Territory of Colorado.


Premise: Were the centers profitable

Hypothesis: They lost money from the beginning, and Sinback, a high-level marketing manager, was given the job of turning the business around.


Premise: To which year is the Becket Casket dated?

Hypothesis: One of the rarest items in the collection is the 58 cm high Gloucester Candlestick, dated to c1110, made from gilt bronze; with highly elaborate and intricate intertwining branches containing small figures and inscriptions, it is a tour de force of bronze casting.


Premise: Who hired Tesla in New York?

Hypothesis: In 1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment.


Premise: How many companies were listed on the WSE on August 2009?

Hypothesis: It was re-established in April 1991, following the end of the post-war communist control of the country and the reintroduction of a free-market economy.


Premise: How many settlers original settled in Manakintown?

Hypothesis: Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas.


Premise: What are the eight comb rows on the outer surface called?

Hypothesis: The rows are oriented to run from near the mouth (the "oral pole") to the opposite end (the "aboral pole"), and are spaced more or less evenly around the body, although spacing patterns vary by species and in most species the comb rows extend only part of the distance from the aboral pole towards the mouth.


Premise: What is the main denomination of Christians in Kenya?

Hypothesis: The vast majority of Kenyans are Christian (83%), with 47.7% regarding themselves as Protestant and 23.5% as Roman Catholic of the Latin Rite.


Premise: What region of the Rhine was changed by the Rhine Straightening program?

Hypothesis: On the French side, the Grand Canal d'Alsace was dug, which carries a significant part of the river water, and all of the traffic.


Premise: What year was the conflict with the Song dynasty concluded?

Hypothesis: The empire's expansion continued for a generation or more after Genghis's death in 1227.


Premise: Where did many Spanish Catholic move after British takeover in Florida?

Hypothesis: Most went to Cuba, including the entire governmental records from St. Augustine, although some Christianized Yamasee were resettled to the coast of Mexico.


Premise: What team was the winner of Super Bowl XXXIII?

Hypothesis: The past record was held by John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager.


Premise: What degree is now mandatory in the U.S. in order to be a licensed pharmacist?

Hypothesis: In Scotland the pharmacist can write prescriptions for Scottish registered patients of their regular medications, for the majority of drugs, except for controlled drugs, when the patient is unable to see their doctor, as could happen if they are away from home or the doctor is unavailable.


Premise: What did NASA name the series seeking up to 30 more flights to Earth's orbit?

Hypothesis: The Apollo Extension Series (Apollo X,) proposed up to 30 flights to Earth orbit, using the space in the Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter (SLA) to house a small orbital laboratory (workshop).


Premise: On an international level, which industry's competitive positions is affected?

Hypothesis: Finding oil and developing new fields usually required five to ten years before significant production.


Premise: To which year is the earliest known piece of English silver with a dated hallmark is dated?

Hypothesis: The master of wrought ironwork Jean Tijou is represented by both examples of his work and designs on paper.


Premise: What is a lower rate of social goods an effect of?

Hypothesis: For the top 21 industrialised countries, counting each person equally, life expectancy is lower in more unequal countries (r = -.907).


Premise: What two scientists were proponents of the humoral theory of immunity?

Hypothesis: In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held, among others, by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organism’s “humors” rather than its cells.


Premise: From which country did the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet come from?

Hypothesis: One of the finest pieces of continental furniture in the collection is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated c1750 from Germany, with especially fine marquetry and ormolu mounts.


Premise: What do counties sometimes offer to get more teachers?

Hypothesis: Many counties offer alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions.


Premise: By what means is bulk oxygen shipped?

Hypothesis: Oxygen is also stored and shipped in smaller cylinders containing the compressed gas; a form that is useful in certain portable medical applications and oxy-fuel welding and cutting.


Premise: Who helped Temüjin rescue his wife from the Merkits?

Hypothesis: Temüjin rescued her with the help of his friend and future rival, Jamukha, and his protector, Toghrul Khan of the Keraite tribe.


Premise: What might the fees to attend an Irish boarding school rise to?

Hypothesis: If the school wishes to employ extra teachers they are paid for with school fees, which tend to be relatively low in Ireland compared to the rest of the world.


Premise: In Sept 1760 who negotiated a capitulation from Montreal?

Hypothesis: In September 1760, and before any hostilities erupted, Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst.


Premise: When were the elections that produced a higher vote by Protestant Nazi sympathizers than by Catholics?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, Professor Richard (Dick) Geary, former Professor of Modern History at the University of Nottingham, England, and the author of Hitler and Nazism (Routledge 1993), wrote in the journal History Today an article on who voted for the Nazis in elections held from 1928-1933, where he claimed that from his research he found that the Nazis gained disproportionately more votes from Protestant than Catholic areas of Germany.


Premise: When did the North American French and Indian War end?

Hypothesis: The war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763.


Premise: What is stage 1 in the life of a bill?

Hypothesis: Stage 1 is the first, or introductory stage of the bill, where the minister or member in charge of the bill will formally introduce it to Parliament together with its accompanying documents –


Premise: What did Luther add to his catechisms?

Hypothesis: The catechisms provided easy-to-understand instructional and devotional material on the Ten Commandments, the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, baptism, and the Lord's Supper.


Premise: When did ISIL pledge allegiance to al-Qaeda?

Hypothesis: Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in 1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003 invasion of Iraq by Western forces, joined the fight in the Syrian Civil War beginning in March 2011, and was expelled from al-Qaeda in early 2014, (which complained of its failure to consult and "notorious intransigence").


Premise: Who did the Panthers play to advance to the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: The Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game, 49–15, racking up 487 yards and forcing seven turnovers.


Premise: To what extent did Fermat confirm the validity of Fermat numbers?

Hypothesis: However, the very next Fermat number 232 + 1 is composite (one of its prime factors is 641), as Euler discovered later, and in fact no further Fermat numbers are known to be prime.


Premise: What would a teacher do for someone who is timid?

Hypothesis: The function of the teacher is to pressure the lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky, encourage the timid, detect and correct individual flaws, and broaden the viewpoint of all.


Premise: How many paid holiday days does the Working Time directive require workers to have each year?

Hypothesis: In theory, this is because TFEU article 288 says Directives are addressed to the member states and usually "leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods" to implement.


Premise: What field type is usually chosen for Super Bowl games?

Hypothesis: Concerns were raised over whether Levi's Stadium's field was of a high enough quality to host a Super Bowl; during the inaugural season, the field had to be re-sodded multiple times due to various issues, and during a week 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker, causing him to slip and miss a field goal, although the field has not had any major issues since.


Premise: The corruption found by the Committee of Independent Experts resulted to the creation of what office?

Hypothesis: By contrast to the ECJ's relaxed approach, a Committee of Independent Experts found that a culture had developed where few Commissioners had ‘even the slightest sense of responsibility’.


Premise: Who proved that air is necessary for combustion?

Hypothesis: From this he surmised that nitroaereus is consumed in both respiration and combustion.


Premise: What compounds are released by injured or infected cells, triggering inflammation?

Hypothesis: These cytokines and other chemicals recruit immune cells to the site of infection and promote healing of any damaged tissue following the removal of pathogens.


Premise: Who was Margaret's husband?

Hypothesis: Malcolm submitted, paid homage to William and surrendered his son Duncan as a hostage, beginning a series of arguments as to whether the Scottish Crown owed allegiance to the King of England.


Premise: What was the name of the character known as the Time Lady?

Hypothesis: Notable companions from the earlier series included Romana (Mary Tamm and Lalla Ward), a Time Lady; Sarah Jane Smith (Elisabeth Sladen); and Jo Grant (Katy Manning).


Premise: What religion did Tesla grow up in?

Hypothesis: Tesla was raised an Orthodox Christian.


Premise: What sport attracts most tourists to Jacksonville?

Hypothesis: Harbor improvements since the late 19th century have made Jacksonville a major military and civilian deep-water port.


Premise: What is a mechanical barrier in insects that protects the insect?

Hypothesis: The waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects, the shells and membranes of externally deposited eggs, and skin are examples of mechanical barriers that are the first line of defense against infection.


Premise: What is the common coastal pleurobrachia called?

Hypothesis: Some species of cydippids have bodies that are flattened to various extents, so that they are wider in the plane of the tentacles.


Premise: Who said people involved in the ozone situation had "a better understanding of scientific ignorance and uncertainties"?

Hypothesis: The ozone case communicated to lay persons "with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture" and related to "immediate risks with everyday relevance", while the public opinion on climate change sees no imminent danger.


Premise: Who registered the most receptions on the Broncos?

Hypothesis: Tight end Owen Daniels was also a big element of the passing game with 46 receptions for 517 yards.


Premise: What theatre was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre"?

Hypothesis: The Wojciech Bogusławski Theatre (1922–26), was the best example of "Polish monumental theatre".


Premise: What type of practices did the Yuan reintroduce in government?

Hypothesis: From this period dates the conversion to Islam, by Muslims of Central Asia, of growing numbers of Chinese in the northwest and southwest.


Premise: Who is also known at the father of the hydrogen bomb?

Hypothesis: " Luis Walter Alvarez, Murray Gell-Mann who introduced the quark, second female Nobel laureate Maria Goeppert-Mayer, the youngest American winner of the Nobel Prize Tsung-Dao Lee, and astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.


Premise: Who calculated the speed of light?

Hypothesis: Notable faculty in physics have included the speed of light calculator A. A. Michelson, elementary charge calculator Robert A. Millikan, discoverer of the Compton Effect Arthur H. Compton, the creator of the first nuclear reactor Enrico Fermi, "the father of the hydrogen bomb" Edward Teller, "one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century


Premise: What sort of power transmission did Tesla show off at his labs?

Hypothesis: He lit electric lamps wirelessly at both locations, demonstrating the potential of wireless power transmission.


Premise: On what did Tesla blame for the loss of the initial money?

Hypothesis: When asked where all the money had gone, Tesla responded by saying that he was affected by the Panic of 1901, which he (Morgan) had caused.


Premise: Who added to Dioscorides' book in the Islamic Golden Age?

Hypothesis: The Latin translation De Materia Medica (Concerning medical substances) was used a basis for many medieval texts, and was built upon by many middle eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age.


Premise: What part of the UMC calls for its bishops to uphold opposition to capital punishment?

Hypothesis: The United Methodist Church, along with other Methodist churches, condemns capital punishment, saying that it cannot accept retribution or social vengeance as a reason for taking human life.


Premise: Who assisted Wesley with ordaining Whatcoat and Vasey as presbyters?

Hypothesis: Dr. Thomas Coke, already an Anglican priest, assisted Wesley in this action.


Premise: What are sometimes present in the boiler's firebox crown?

Hypothesis: Except in the smallest of boilers the steam escape has little effect on dampening the fire.


Premise: When was the cabinet-level Energy Department created?

Hypothesis: Development of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve began in 1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978.[citation needed]


Premise: What kind of water body is rumored to be obscuring Genghis Khan's burial site?

Hypothesis: On October 6, 2004, a joint Japanese-Mongolian archaeological dig uncovered what is believed to be Genghis Khan's palace in rural Mongolia, which raises the possibility of actually locating the ruler's long-lost burial site.


Premise: What are weak and electromatic forces expressions of?

Hypothesis: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational.:2–10:79 High-energy particle physics observations made during the 1970s and 1980s confirmed that the weak and electromagnetic forces are expressions of a more fundamental electroweak interaction.


Premise: What is "The Gate"?

Hypothesis: In recent years "The Gate" has opened in the city centre, a new indoor complex consisting of bars, upmarket clubs, restaurants and a 12-screen Empire multiplex cinema.


Premise: By what document did the Huguenots confess their faith to the Portuguese in Brazil?

Hypothesis: This document, the Guanabara Confession of Faith, became the first Protestant confession of faith in the whole of the Americas.[citation needed]


Premise: What was Konstantin Mereschkowski's career?

Hypothesis: This origin of chloroplasts was first suggested by the Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905 after Andreas Schimper observed in 1883 that chloroplasts closely resemble cyanobacteria.


Premise: What metal was used in Inalchuq's execution?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan ordered the wholesale massacre of many of the civilians, enslaved the rest of the population and executed Inalchuq by pouring molten silver into his ears and eyes, as retribution for his actions.


Premise: By what name is that first Huguenot church known today?

Hypothesis: This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world.


Premise: In local Alemannic dialect, what is the the singular form of the names of the islands formed by the Rhine?

Hypothesis: The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein ("Old Rhine") and in the East by a modern canalized section.


Premise: When was Sky Digital launched?

Hypothesis: When Sky Digital was launched in 1998 the new service used the Astra 2A satellite which was located at the 28.5°E orbital position, unlike the analogue service which was broadcast from 19.2°


Premise: What degree is now mandatory in the U.S. in order to be a licensed pharmacist?

Hypothesis: Moreover, the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree is now required before entering practice and some pharmacists now complete one or two years of residency or fellowship training following graduation.


Premise: Large public works, dams, bridges, highways, water/wastewater and utility distribution are under what construction sector?

Hypothesis: It includes large public works, dams, bridges, highways, water/wastewater and utility distribution.


Premise: What did Luther call the mass instead of sacrifice?

Hypothesis: In On the Abrogation of the Private Mass, he condemned as idolatry the idea that the mass is a sacrifice, asserting instead that it is a gift, to be received with thanksgiving by the whole congregation.


Premise: Who wrote a pamphlet outlining the radical ideas of the extremists?

Hypothesis: Unlike earlier anti-colonial movements the extremist group directed its attacks against what it believed were "apostate" leaders of Muslim states, leaders who held secular leanings or who had introduced or promoted Western/foreign ideas and practices into Islamic societies.


Premise: What did the particle do to Tesla?

Hypothesis: In comparing these particles with the bits of metal projected by his "electric gun," Tesla said, "The particles in the beam of force ... will travel much faster than such particles ... and they will travel in concentrations."


Premise: What is Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer's profession?

Hypothesis: Multiple circumnavigator David Scott Cowper, Nobel Prize winning physicist Peter Higgs, and former WWE NXT champion Neville were born in the city.


Premise: What percentage of Victorians are Christian?

Hypothesis: About 61.1% of Victorians describe themselves as Christian.


Premise: Other than the steamboat, what modern form of travel brought visitors to Florida?

Hypothesis: In addition, extension of the Florida East Coast Railway further south drew visitors to other areas.


Premise: Who other than Tesla did Westinghouse consider for the patents?

Hypothesis: Engineers working for the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company reported to George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system — something for which Westinghouse had been trying to secure patents.


Premise: What effect does rubisco's flaw have?

Hypothesis: Rubisco has a problem—it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen, so at high oxygen concentrations, rubisco starts accidentally adding oxygen to sugar precursors.


Premise: Which university did Tesla audit in 1880?

Hypothesis: Unfortunately, he arrived too late to enroll at Charles-Ferdinand University; he never studied Greek, a required subject; and he was illiterate in Czech, another required subject.


Premise: How do pathogens avoid detection?

Hypothesis: Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently.


Premise: What does it mean when a harmonic series diverges?

Hypothesis: However, the harmonic series 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ... diverges (i.e., exceeds any given number), so there must be infinitely many primes.


Premise: What percent of girls are in prostution in Kenyas coastal areas?

Hypothesis: In 2006, UNICEF estimated that up to 30% of girls in the coastal areas of Malindi, Mombasa, Kilifi, and Diani were subject to prostitution.


Premise: Where did Martin Luther go to school?

Hypothesis: He was made to wake at four every morning for what has been described as "a day of rote learning and often wearying spiritual exercises."


Premise: What is the strongest main interaction?

Hypothesis: Only four main interactions are known: in order of decreasing strength, they are:


Premise: What led to the production of tea paraphernalia such as china and caddies during the Georgian period?

Hypothesis: For example, the increase in tea drinking led to the production of tea paraphernalia such as china and caddies.


Premise: How large can ctenophora grow?

Hypothesis: Adults of various species range from a few millimeters to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in size.


Premise: What do etioplasts have instead of chlorophyll?

Hypothesis: While etioplasts lack chlorophyll, they have a yellow chlorophyll precursor stocked.


Premise: What is secreted by the respiratory tract to trap microorganisms?

Hypothesis: The flushing action of tears and urine also mechanically expels pathogens, while mucus secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract serves to trap and entangle microorganisms.


Premise: What did the early entrant program do for potential students?

Hypothesis: During this period the university, like Shimer College and 10 others, adopted an early entrant program that allowed very young students to attend college; in addition, students enrolled at Shimer were enabled to transfer automatically to the University of Chicago after their second year, having taken comparable or identical examinations and courses.


Premise: What is it called when people in society rebel against laws they think are unfair?

Hypothesis: Civil disobedience is one of the many ways people have rebelled against what they deem to be unfair laws.


Premise: The procedure continues until what?

Hypothesis: The procedure continues until the building is ready to occupy.


Premise: What motor did they end up using instead of the one Tesla wanted?

Hypothesis: They ended up using a DC traction motor instead.


Premise: The idea of acquired immunity in jawed vertebrates is the basis of what medical treatment?

Hypothesis: Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and invertebrates.


Premise: What is another piece created by Olivier Messiaen?

Hypothesis: In works such as La Nativité du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre études de rythme (1949–50), he simultaneously employs motifs with lengths given by different prime numbers to create unpredictable rhythms: the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear in the third étude, "Neumes rythmiques".


Premise: How many ministries of the Scottish government does a committee typically correspond to?

Hypothesis: Subject Committees are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session, and again the members on each committee reflect the balance of parties across Parliament.


Premise: What does someone who completes the Initial Teacher Education (ITE) program get?

Hypothesis: Once successfully completed, "Provisional Registration" is given by the GTCS which is raised to "Full Registration" status after a year if there is sufficient evidence to show that the "Standard for Full Registration" has been met.


Premise: How many Saturn V rockets were produced by NASA during the Apollo project?

Hypothesis: This was based on a Congressional Budget Office report, A Budgetary Analysis of NASA's New Vision for Space, September 2004.


Premise: Changes in rainfall reduced what kind of vegetation cover in the Amazon basin?

Hypothesis: There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation.


Premise: How many costumes were in the Costiff collection?

Hypothesis: In 2002, the Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood costumes.


Premise: What is the name of one algebraic generalization prime numbers have inspired?

Hypothesis: Many questions regarding prime numbers remain open, such as Goldbach's conjecture (that every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes), and the twin prime conjecture (that there are infinitely many pairs of primes whose difference is 2).


Premise: In 1755 what fort did British capture?

Hypothesis: In 1755, the British captured Fort Beauséjour on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia; soon afterward they ordered the expulsion of the Acadians.


Premise: How man of Grainger Town's 450 buildings are listed?

Hypothesis: Established on classical streets built by Richard Grainger, a builder and developer, between 1835 and 1842, some of Newcastle upon Tyne's finest buildings and streets lie within this area of the city centre including Grainger Market, Theatre Royal, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street.


Premise: What was the name of the Marco Polo episode?

Hypothesis: Audio versions of all of the lost episodes exist from home viewers who made tape recordings of the show.


Premise: What are some of scientists arguments?

Hypothesis: Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland; other scientists argue that the rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today.


Premise: What did John Dunn invent?

Hypothesis: Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of Rutherford Grammar School, actors Charlie Hunnam and James Scott, entertainers Ant and Dec and international footballers Michael Carrick and Alan Shearer were born in Newcastle.


Premise: What entity deals with EU staff issues?

Hypothesis: There is also a Civil Service Tribunal to deal with EU staff issues, and then a separate Court of Auditors.


Premise: When did ABC adopt it's iconic circle logo?

Hypothesis: The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network's creation in 1943.


Premise: Where did he claim he would transport energy to?

Hypothesis: Upon his arrival, he told reporters that he was conducting wireless telegraphy experiments, transmitting signals from Pikes Peak to Paris.[citation needed]


Premise: In 1979, during the oil crisis, what was the highest price of oil?

Hypothesis: The world price, which had peaked during the 1979 energy crisis at nearly $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel.


Premise: Who developed the 2007 imaging campaign for ABC?

Hypothesis: Also developed by Troika, the on-air design was intended to emphasize the availability of ABC content across multiple platforms (in particular, using a system of icons representing different devices, such as television, computers and mobile devices), and "simplify and bring a lot more consistency and continuity to the visual representation of ABC".


Premise: What was Konstantin Mereschkowski's career?

Hypothesis: Mitochondria are thought to have come from a similar event, where an aerobic prokaryote was engulfed.


Premise: Where do ctenophora live?

Hypothesis: Ctenophora (/tᵻˈnɒfərə/; singular ctenophore, /ˈtɛnəfɔːr/ or /ˈtiːnəfɔːr/; from the Greek κτείς kteis 'comb' and φέρω pherō 'carry'; commonly known as comb jellies) is a phylum of animals that live in marine waters worldwide.


Premise: What author did Tesla credit for his recovery?

Hypothesis: Tesla said that this contact with nature made him stronger, both physically and mentally.


Premise: When did Luther give his response to Eck?

Hypothesis: He prayed, consulted friends, and gave his response the next day:


Premise: In what year did the FCC publish it's report?

Hypothesis: In 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940.


Premise: What story has little foundation in truth?

Hypothesis: The story is based on comments made by Philipp Melanchthon, though it is thought that he was not in Wittenberg at the time.


Premise: How many times was Cam Newton sacked in Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Newton was limited by Denver's defense, which sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown.


Premise: What bargain did his father make with him if Tesla recovered?

Hypothesis: Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death multiple times.


Premise: What was the percentage of a female householder with no husband present?

Hypothesis: 35,064 households (22.1%) were made up of individuals and 12,344 (7.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.


Premise: What kind of market is Kenya considered?

Hypothesis: Although Kenya is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa, and has an affluent urban minority, it has a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.519, ranked 145 out of 186 in the world.


Premise: How much time was left in the game when Denver took the score to 24-10?

Hypothesis: Then Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler for a 2-point conversion, giving Denver a 24–10 lead with 3:08 left and essentially putting the game away.


Premise: What type of architecture is the Palace of Four Windows an impressive example of?

Hypothesis: The most impressive examples of rococo architecture are Czapski Palace (1712–1721), Palace of the Four Winds (1730s) and Visitationist Church (façade 1728–1761).


Premise: When is the earliest Britain had an imperialist policy?

Hypothesis: In 1767 political activity caused exploitation of the East India Company causing the plundering of the local economy, almost bringing the company into bankruptcy.


Premise: What type of climate does Jacksonville have?

Hypothesis: Due to Jacksonville's low latitude and coastal location, the city sees very little cold weather, and winters are typically mild and sunny.


Premise: Who is an example of the diversity of leadership in the Mongol Empire?

Hypothesis: The Mongol Empire did not emphasize the importance of ethnicity and race in the administrative realm, instead adopting an approach grounded in meritocracy.


Premise: What did European chemists make that could be used in warfare?

Hypothesis: European chemists made deadly explosives that could be used in combat, and with innovations in machinery they were able to manufacture improved firearms.


Premise: What is the name of the desert on the border of Arizona?

Hypothesis: To the east is the Colorado Desert and the Colorado River at the border with Arizona, and the Mojave Desert at the border with the state of Nevada.


Premise: What is the city centre of Warsaw called in Polish?

Hypothesis: Warsaw, especially its city centre (Śródmieście), is home not only to many national institutions and government agencies, but also to many domestic and international companies.


Premise: What type of intervention would changing the work environment be?

Hypothesis: Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring, changing the work environment, and offering promotions and bonuses, may be effective in helping to reduce occupational stress among teachers.


Premise: Enthusiastic teachers may cause students to become more ____ about their learning process?

Hypothesis: Students may become more intrinsically motivated by catching onto the enthusiasm and energy of the teacher.[citation needed]


Premise: Who were the Westwood one color analysts?

Hypothesis: Jim Gray will anchor the pre-game and halftime coverage.


Premise: What is the Mongolian spelling of Genghis Khan?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan, the title is spelled in variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis Khaan, English Chinghiz, Chinghis, and Chingiz, Chinese: 成吉思汗; pinyin: Chéngjísī Hán, Turkic: Cengiz Han, Çingiz Xan, Çingiz Han, Chingizxon, Çıñğız Xan, Chengez Khan, Chinggis Khan, Chinggis Xaan, Chingis Khan, Jenghis Khan, Chinggis Qan, Djingis Kahn, Russian: Чингисхан (Čingiskhan) or Чингиз-хан (Čingiz-khan), etc.


Premise: What city is the capital of Victoria?

Hypothesis: Most of its population is concentrated in the area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, which includes the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Melbourne, which is Australia's second-largest city.


Premise: Which two generals raided the Caucasas and Kievan Rus' for Genghis Khan?

Hypothesis: While granting his generals a great deal of autonomy in making command decisions, Genghis Khan also expected unwavering loyalty from them.


Premise: When did the second edition of Gasquet's book come out?

Hypothesis: He was able to adopt the epidemiology of the bubonic plague for the Black Death for the second edition in 1908, implicating rats and fleas in the process, and his interpretation was widely accepted for other ancient and medieval epidemics, such as the Justinian plague that was prevalent in the Eastern Roman Empire from 541 to 700 CE.


Premise: Who was Kennedy's vice president?

Hypothesis: On April 20, Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking Johnson to look into the status of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportunity to catch up.


Premise: When did Syria and Egypt launch a surprise attack on Israel?

Hypothesis: On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur.


Premise: How many inhabitants does the Los Angeles area contain?

Hypothesis: For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Greater Los Angeles Area with over 17.5 million people.


Premise: What activity maintains topographic gradients?

Hypothesis: Faulting and other deformational processes result in the creation of topographic gradients, causing material on the rock unit that is increasing in elevation to be eroded by hillslopes and channels.


Premise: Who helped find sponsors and donors to help with the cost?

Hypothesis: A professional fundraiser will aid in finding business sponsors and individual donors, but still may need the city council to help fund the event.


Premise: How many people were lost in Algiers during 1620-21?

Hypothesis: Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850.


Premise: What can result in creating a poverty trap?

Hypothesis: Lagerlof and Galor stated that gender inequality in education can result to low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education, thus creating a poverty trap.


Premise: Who did Peyton Manning play for as a rookie?

Hypothesis: Although the team had a 7–0 start, Manning led the NFL in interceptions.


Premise: How long has the imagery of the mermaid been used by Warsaw?

Hypothesis: This imagery has been in use since at least the mid-14th century.


Premise: Where is the first man-made self-sustaining nuclear reaction located?

Hypothesis: The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press, the largest university press in the United States.


Premise: What shape are Plastoglobuli?

Hypothesis: Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts, but become more common when the chloroplast is under oxidative stress, or when it ages and transitions into a gerontoplast.


Premise: Besides the radicals who else did Luther have to deal with?

Hypothesis: After banishing the Zwickau prophets, he now faced a battle against not only the established Church but also the radical reformers who threatened the new order by fomenting social unrest and violence.


Premise: What program for ABC was a remake of the film The Boy from Oklahoma?

Hypothesis: However, the most iconic of ABC's relationships with Hollywood producers was its agreement with Walt Disney; after the start of the network's bond with the Disney studio, James Lewis Baughman, who worked as a columnist at that time, observed that "at ABC's headquarters in New York, the secretaries [were now] wearing hats with Mickey Mouse ears".


Premise: What country was under the control of Norman barons?

Hypothesis: Subsequent to the Conquest, however, the Marches came completely under the dominance of William's most trusted Norman barons, including Bernard de Neufmarché, Roger of Montgomery in Shropshire and Hugh Lupus in Cheshire.


Premise: How often are elections for the counsel held?

Hypothesis: Bills passed by a simple majority are sent to the mayor (the President of Warsaw), who may sign them into law.


Premise: What is the weight of a bushel of coal in pounds?

Hypothesis: Duty is the number of foot-pounds of work delivered by burning one bushel (94 pounds) of coal.


Premise: Comb like bands of cilia are called what?

Hypothesis: Ranging from about 1 millimeter (0.039 in) to 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) in size, ctenophores are the largest non-colonial animals that use cilia ("hairs") as their main method of locomotion.


Premise: Who lead the Super Bowl 50 halftime performance?

Hypothesis: CBS broadcast Super Bowl 50 in the U.S., and charged an average of $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game.


Premise: In what country does some clergy in the UMC occasionally practice exorcism?

Hypothesis: Many of these liturgies are derived from the Anglican tradition's Book of Common Prayer.


Premise: Which Panthers RB scored 6 TDs in the 13 games leading up to Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The Panthers backfield featured Pro Bowl running back Jonathan Stewart, who led the team with 989 rushing yards and six touchdowns in 13 games, along with Pro Bowl fullback Mike Tolbert, who rushed for 256 yards and caught 18 passes for another 154 yards.


Premise: What provides a solution to a list of integers provided as input that ned to be sorted?

Hypothesis: This solves the problem of sorting a list of integers that is given as the input.


Premise: What river was there originally a bridge across in Roman times?

Hypothesis: The first recorded settlement in what is now Newcastle was Pons Aelius, a Roman fort and bridge across the River Tyne.


Premise: How many soldiers did Genghis Khan take with him to Khwarezmia?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan then sent again a second group of three ambassadors (two Mongols and a Muslim) to meet the Shah himself instead of the governor Inalchuq.


Premise: When was the agreement to acquire ABC approved by UPT's board?

Hypothesis: Leonard Goldenson, the president of UPT (which sought to diversify itself at the time), approached Noble in 1951 on a proposal for UPT to purchase ABC.


Premise: Where are teachers recruited from?

Hypothesis: There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools (Grundschule), lower secondary schools (Hauptschule), middle level secondary schools (Realschule) and higher level secondary schools (Gymnasium).


Premise: Who are the oldest villains from the Doctor Who series?

Hypothesis: The Dalek race, which first appeared in the show's second serial in 1963, are Doctor


Premise: What part of chloroplasts isn't similar to mitochondria?

Hypothesis: The only chloroplast structure that can considered analogous to it is the internal thylakoid system.


Premise: What court case desegregated schools in the United States?

Hypothesis: In many parts of the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that demanded United States schools desegregate "with all deliberate speed", local families organized a wave of private "Christian academies".


Premise: Evidence indicates that Cydippids are not what?

Hypothesis: Evidence accumulating since the 1980s indicates that the "cydippids" are not monophyletic, in other words do not include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor, because all the other traditional ctenophore groups are descendants of various cydippids.


Premise: How much of the sun is made up of oxygen?

Hypothesis: Earth is unusual among the planets of the Solar System in having such a high concentration of oxygen gas in its atmosphere: Mars (with 0.1% O_2 by volume) and Venus have far lower concentrations.


Premise: When was Al-Banna assassinated?

Hypothesis: The Brotherhood has suffered periodic repression in Egypt and has been banned several times, in 1948 and several years later following confrontations with Egyptian president Gamal Abdul Nasser, who jailed thousands of members for several years.


Premise: What types of responsibilities might a pharmacy technician have?

Hypothesis: In the UK the role of a PhT has grown and responsibility has been passed on to them to manage the pharmacy department and specialised areas in pharmacy practice allowing pharmacists the time to specialise in their expert field as medication consultants spending more time working with patients and in research.


Premise: What venue did Super Bowl 50 take place in?

Hypothesis: The game was played on February 7, 2016, at Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay Area at Santa Clara, California.


Premise: What characteristic did Tesla say helped his scientific abilities?

Hypothesis: " There have been numerous accounts of women vying for Tesla's affection, even some madly in love with him.[citation needed]


Premise: What group did Luther want to understand his works?

Hypothesis: Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans.


Premise: What is Durinskia's chloroplast?

Hypothesis: Some dinophytes, like Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia have a diatom (heterokontophyte) derived chloroplast.


Premise: Who led the committee established by Seaman?

Hypothesis: Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision.


Premise: What types of engines are steam engines?

Hypothesis: When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done.


Premise: What two member nations of the Holy Roman Empire received Huguenot refugees?

Hypothesis: The bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland.


Premise: What did this affair cause to Luther's reputation?

Hypothesis: Luther told him to "tell a good, strong lie" and deny the marriage completely, which Philip did during the subsequent public controversy.


Premise: How is the opening of the Grainger Market documented in the Laing Art Gallery?

Hypothesis: At the time of its opening in 1835 it was said to be one of the largest and most beautiful markets in Europe.


Premise: In a computational problem, what can be described as a string over an alphabet?

Hypothesis: As in a real-world computer, mathematical objects other than bitstrings must be suitably encoded.


Premise: Which linebacker had the most sacks on the team?

Hypothesis: Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four fumbles, and recovered three.


Premise: What sort of motion did Watt's steam engine continuously produce?

Hypothesis: The atmospheric engines of Newcomen and Watt were large compared to the amount of power they produced, but high pressure steam engines were light enough to be applied to vehicles such as traction engines and the railway locomotives.


Premise: In which year was Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of gems was bequeathed to the museum?

Hypothesis: Major bequests include Reverend Chauncy Hare Townshend's collection of 154 gems bequeathed in 1869, Lady Cory's 1951 gift of major diamond jewellery from the 18th and 19th centuries, and jewellery scholar Dame Joan Evans' 1977 gift of more than 800 jewels dating from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century.


Premise: When did Luther publish On the Bondage of the Will?

Hypothesis: Luther came to understand justification as entirely the work of God.


Premise: After what battle did Union forces return to and occupy Jacksonville for the rest of the war?

Hypothesis: In February 1864 Union forces left Jacksonville and confronted a Confederate Army at the Battle of Olustee resulting in a Confederate victory.


Premise: What are the three largest urban areas in Kenya?

Hypothesis: Although Kenya is the most industrially developed country in the African Great Lakes region, manufacturing still accounts for only 14% of the GDP.


Premise: Who was Ogedei's wife?

Hypothesis: The publication of a Taoist text inscribed with the name of Töregene Khatun, Ögedei's wife, is one of the first printed works sponsored by the Mongols.


Premise: What happens if angiosperm shoots don't get enough light?

Hypothesis: Gymnosperms do not require light to form chloroplasts.


Premise: Who taped video intros for Doctor Who shows in Canada, that included a trivia question?

Hypothesis: For the Canadian broadcast, Christopher Eccleston recorded special video introductions for each episode (including a trivia question as part of a viewer contest) and excerpts from the Doctor Who Confidential documentary were played over the closing credits; for the broadcast of "The Christmas Invasion" on 26 December 2005, Billie Piper recorded a special video introduction.


Premise: How many women were employed in construction in 2011?

Hypothesis: In the United States, approximately 828,000 women were employed in the construction industry as of 2011.


Premise: What is the time period of this statistic?

Hypothesis: Misconduct by teachers, especially sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts.


Premise: How many 2015 season interceptions did the Panthers' defense get?

Hypothesis: The Panthers defense gave up just 308 points, ranking sixth in the league, while also leading the NFL in interceptions with 24 and boasting four Pro Bowl selections.


Premise: When is the oldest recorded incident of civil disobedience?

Hypothesis: The tax collector who arrested him rose to higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War.


Premise: Who was hired to produce ABC's 2001-02 identity?

Hypothesis: In 2000, ABC launched a web-based promotional campaign focused around its circle logo, also called "the dot", in which comic book character Little Dot prompted visitors to "download the dot", a program which would cause the ABC logo to fly around the screen and settle in the bottom-right corner.


Premise: Who besides the Russians are often left out of the colonialism debat?

Hypothesis: Contiguous land empires such as the Russian or Ottoman are generally excluded from discussions of colonialism.:116


Premise: What is the type of oxygen production for emergency oxygen in airlines?

Hypothesis: Pulling on the masks "to start the flow of oxygen" as cabin safety instructions dictate, forces iron filings into the sodium chlorate inside the canister.


Premise: What is the average discharge of the Moselle to the Rhine?

Hypothesis: It is here that the Rhine encounters some more of its main tributaries, such as the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s).


Premise: What is the historic heart of Newcastle?

Hypothesis: The historic heart of Newcastle is the Grainger Town area.


Premise: Which part of the V&A collection did the Salting Bequest enhanced?

Hypothesis: This bequest forms part of the finest collection of East Asian pottery and porcelain in the world, including Kakiemon ware.


Premise: Juvenile and adult  beroe lack what?

Hypothesis: In the genus Beroe the juveniles, like the adults, lack tentacles and tentacle sheaths.


Premise: When was a study published confirming the 2001 IPCC projections?

Hypothesis: On 1 February 2007, the eve of the publication of IPCC's major report on climate, a study was published suggesting that temperatures and sea levels have been rising at or above the maximum rates proposed during the last IPCC report in 2001.


Premise: What is the low-power station that serves Birmingham, Alabama for ABC?

Hypothesis: Currently, New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware are the only U.S. states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate (New Jersey is served by New York City O&O WABC-TV and Philadelphia O&O WPVI-TV; Rhode Island is served by New Bedford, Massachusetts-licensed WLNE; and Delaware is served by WPVI and Salisbury, Maryland affiliate WMDT).


Premise: What was the black death originally blamed on?

Hypothesis: The most authoritative account at the time came from the medical faculty in Paris in a report to the king of France that blamed the heavens, in the form of a conjunction of three planets in 1345 that caused a "great pestilence in the air".


Premise: Plants lack what kind of immune cells?

Hypothesis: Unlike animals, plants lack phagocytic cells, but many plant immune responses involve systemic chemical signals that are sent through a plant.


Premise: What enables the Scottish Parliament to scrutinize the government?

Hypothesis: Several procedures enable the Scottish Parliament to scrutinise the Government.


Premise: The fact that not all fossils may be found globally at the same time causes the principle to become what?

Hypothesis: As organisms exist at the same time period throughout the world, their presence or (sometimes) absence may be used to provide a relative age of the formations in which they are found.


Premise: What series was created by former Doctor Who producer Russell T. Davies?

Hypothesis: In the Channel 4 series Queer as Folk (created by later Doctor


Premise: On what day does the Super Bowl media day traditionally take place?

Hypothesis: The game's media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night.


Premise: What countries are the Doctor Who DVDs available to purchase?

Hypothesis: Every fully extant serial has been released on VHS, and BBC Worldwide continues to regularly release serials on DVD.


Premise: What secret did he sever family ties to keep hidden?

Hypothesis: In December 1878, Tesla left Graz and severed all relations with his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school.


Premise: What did Tesla call his electrical effects in 1893?

Hypothesis: In 1893, George Westinghouse won the bid to light the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago with alternating current, beating out a General Electric bid by one million dollars.


Premise: What is the exam at the end of Form Four?

Hypothesis: For those who proceed to secondary level, there is a national examination at the end of Form Four – the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), which determines those proceeding to the universities, other professional training or employment.


Premise: What is Kenya known for?

Hypothesis: Kenya is known for its safaris, diverse climate and geography, and expansive wildlife reserves and national parks such as the East and West Tsavo National Park, the Maasai Mara, Lake Nakuru National Park, and Aberdares National Park.


Premise: What was Tesla afraid someone was trying to do with his invention?

Hypothesis: During the period in which the negotiations were being conducted, Tesla said that efforts had been made to steal the invention.


Premise: Besides taking in boarders, how did Katharina help support the family?

Hypothesis: They embarked on what appeared to have been a happy and successful marriage, though money was often short.


Premise: What is the name of the desert near the border of Nevada?

Hypothesis: To the south is the Mexico–United States border.


Premise: What fields of study did Martin Luther prefer?

Hypothesis: Luther sought assurances about life and was drawn to theology and philosophy, expressing particular interest in Aristotle, William of Ockham, and Gabriel Biel.


Premise: What is a typical name for learning that is not inside of the classroom?

Hypothesis: Many times, teachers assist in learning outside of the classroom by accompanying students on field trips.


Premise: What was the name of the Marco Polo episode?

Hypothesis: Short clips from every story with the exception of Marco Polo, "Mission to the Unknown" and The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve also exist.


Premise: Who redesigned the central garden?

Hypothesis: This is in front of the bronze doors leading to the refreshment rooms, a central path flanked by lawns leads to the sculpture gallery; the north, east and west sides have herbaceous borders along the museum walls with paths in front which continues along the south façade; in the two corners by the north façade there is planted an American Sweetgum tree; the southern, eastern and western edges of the lawns have glass planters which contain orange and lemon trees in summer, these are replaced by bay trees in winter.


Premise: How many horsepower did Tesla's bladeless turbine have?

Hypothesis: On his 50th birthday in 1906, Tesla demonstrated his 200 horsepower (150 kilowatts) 16,000 rpm bladeless turbine.


Premise: What did Tesla work on in 1888?

Hypothesis: Between them, they settled on a 60-cycle AC current system Tesla proposed (to match the working frequency of Tesla's motor), although they soon found that, since Tesla's induction motor could only run at a constant speed, it would not work for street cars.


Premise: In considering Turing machines and alternate variables, what measurement left unaffected by conversion between machine models?

Hypothesis: Many machine models different from the standard multi-tape Turing machines have been proposed in the literature, for example random access machines.


Premise: Who did Temüjin's mother adopt to help integrate the tribes he conquered?

Hypothesis: Instead, he took the conquered tribe under his protection and integrated its members into his own tribe.


Premise: What amendment to the United States Constitution governs government funding of religious schools?

Hypothesis: Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments. Non-religious private schools theoretically could qualify for such funding without hassle, preferring the advantages of independent control of their student admissions and course content instead of the public funding they could get with charter status.


Premise: What is the result of the Calvin cycle?

Hypothesis: The result is unstable six-carbon molecules that immediately break down into three-carbon molecules called 3-phosphoglyceric acid, or 3-PGA.


Premise: How are Victorian cabinet members chosen?

Hypothesis: The Premier is the public face of government and, with cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda.


Premise: What political response was convening in June/July 1754?

Hypothesis: An early important political response to the opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress in June and July, 1754.


Premise: What tribe did Toghrul lead?

Hypothesis: Temüjin began his ascent to power by offering himself as an ally (or, according to other sources, a vassal) to his father's anda (sworn brother or blood brother) Toghrul, who was Khan of the Keraites, and is better known by the Chinese title "Wang Khan", which the Jurchen Jin dynasty granted him in 1197.


Premise: How many customers does Sky UK Limited have as a pay-TV broadcaster as of 2015?

Hypothesis: It is the UK's largest pay-TV broadcaster with 11 million customers as of 2015.


Premise: What British Prime minister advisor is also a university alumni member?

Hypothesis: American economist, social theorist, political philosopher, and author Thomas Sowell is also an alumnus.


Premise: What type of relationships do enthusiastic teachers cause?

Hypothesis: Students who receive this positive influence show stronger self-confidence and greater personal and academic success than those without these teacher interactions.


Premise: When did Luther write Wir glauben all an einen Gott?

Hypothesis: Luther's 1524 creedal hymn "Wir glauben all an einen Gott"


Premise: In what year did the university first see a drop in applications?

Hypothesis: During this period the university, like Shimer College and 10 others, adopted an early entrant program that allowed very young students to attend college; in addition, students enrolled at Shimer were enabled to transfer automatically to the University of Chicago after their second year, having taken comparable or identical examinations and courses.


Premise: How many days after Gagarin's flight did the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics meet?

Hypothesis: At a meeting of the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics one day after Gagarin's flight, many congressmen pledged their support for a crash program aimed at ensuring that America would catch up.


Premise: Approximately how many British drawings are included in the V&A collection?

Hypothesis: Modern British artists represented in the collection include: Paul Nash, Percy Wyndham Lewis, Eric Gill, Stanley Spencer, John Piper, Graham Sutherland, Lucian Freud and David Hockney.


Premise: What might starch grains be a side effect of?

Hypothesis: Waterlogged roots can also cause starch buildup in the chloroplasts, possibly due to less sucrose being exported out of the chloroplast (or more accurately, the plant cell).


Premise: Why has the Rhine been shortened?

Hypothesis: The length of the Rhine is conventionally measured in "Rhine-kilometers" (Rheinkilometer), a scale introduced in 1939 which runs from the Old Rhine Bridge at Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland (1036.20 km).


Premise: Who played the companion named Donna Noble?

Hypothesis: Steven Moffat described the companion as the main character of the show, as the story begins anew with each companion and she undergoes more change than the Doctor.


Premise: What do the owners of more capital end up having?

Hypothesis: Economist Simon Kuznets argued that levels of economic inequality are in large part the result of stages of development.


Premise: What kind of structure is a carboxysome?

Hypothesis: Glaucophyte chloroplasts also contain concentric unstacked thylakoids, which surround a carboxysome - an icosahedral structure that glaucophyte chloroplasts and cyanobacteria keep their carbon fixation enzyme rubisco in.


Premise: Which game console could viewers stream the game on?

Hypothesis: CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players (such as Chromecast and Roku).


Premise: The Muslim Brotherhood's competence compares well against what type of local governments?

Hypothesis: Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood, "are well known for providing shelters, educational assistance, free or low cost medical clinics, housing assistance to students from out of town, student advisory groups, facilitation of inexpensive mass marriage ceremonies to avoid prohibitively costly dowry demands, legal assistance, sports facilities, and women's groups.


Premise: What would a community member need to teach informally?

Hypothesis: Informal learning may be assisted by a teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role, such as a family member, or by anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community setting.


Premise: What is the former name of the V&A Theatre & Performance galleries?

Hypothesis: They hold the UK's biggest national collection of material about live performance in the UK since Shakespeare's day, covering drama, dance, musical theatre, circus, music hall, rock and pop, and most other forms of live entertainment.


Premise: Europe first colonized the Americas, then Asia, but what continent was third?

Hypothesis: It was believed that a certain person's behaviours were determined by the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination.


Premise: Why was ABC forced to sell its interests in international networks in the 70s?

Hypothesis: The arrival of satellite television ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries; many governments also wanted to increase their independence and strengthen legislation to limit foreign ownership of broadcasting properties.


Premise: When were the finalists announced?

Hypothesis: The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.


Premise: The steps around the water feature can be drained for what uses?

Hypothesis: The design is a subtle blend of the traditional and modern, the layout is formal; there is an elliptical water feature lined in stone with steps around the edge which may be drained to use the area for receptions, gatherings or exhibition purposes.


Premise: Who were the Westwood One sideline announcers?

Hypothesis: Westwood One will carry the game throughout North America, with Kevin Harlan as play-by-play announcer, Boomer Esiason and Dan Fouts as color analysts, and James Lofton and Mark Malone as sideline reporters.


Premise: Combs are called what?

Hypothesis: These normally beat so that the propulsion stroke is away from the mouth, although they can also reverse direction.


Premise: What damaged the color TV camera that Apollo 12 had taken into space?

Hypothesis: On one, they walked to the Surveyor, photographed it, and removed some parts which they returned to Earth.


Premise: Focus on what is to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often highly competitive and adversarial practices within the construction industry.

Hypothesis: The focus on co-operation is to ameliorate the many problems that arise from the often highly competitive and adversarial practices within the construction industry.


Premise: When was a third visit to Mnafeld scheduled?

Hypothesis: Luther's final journey, to Mansfeld, was taken because of his concern for his siblings' families continuing in their father Hans Luther's copper mining trade.


Premise: Which organisms have chloroplasts?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts are one of many types of organelles in the plant cell.


Premise: What is the type of oxygen production for emergency oxygen in airlines?

Hypothesis: Sudden cabin pressure loss activates chemical oxygen generators above each seat, causing oxygen masks to drop.


Premise: What happened to the rate of flow in the Rhine during the Rhine straightening program?

Hypothesis: The Upper Rhine region was changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program in the 19th Century.


Premise: What happened with the ground water level with the Rhine straightening program?

Hypothesis: The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly.


Premise: Who designed The Forest tapestry in the V&A collection?

Hypothesis: The collection has numerous examples of various types of textiles designed by William Morris, including, embroidery, woven fabrics, tapestries (Including 'The Forest' tapestry of 1887), rugs and carpets, as well as pattern books and paper designs.


Premise: How much does the Rhine discharge at the Dutch border?

Hypothesis: Most of Luxembourg and a very small part of Belgium also drain to the Rhine via the Moselle.


Premise: How did Luther respond to Agricola?

Hypothesis: Luther responded to these theses with six series of theses against Agricola and the antinomians, four of which became the basis for disputations between 1538 and 1540.


Premise: The "50" given to the Super Bowl winner is plated with how many karats of gold?

Hypothesis: In addition to the Vince Lombardi Trophy that all Super Bowl champions receive, the winner of Super Bowl 50 will also receive a large, 18-karat gold-plated "50".


Premise: Unlike confirmation and profession of faith, what is a sacrament in the UMC?

Hypothesis: Unlike confirmation and profession of faith, Baptism is a sacrament in the UMC.


Premise: What type of antenna was used for communication on the lunar flights?

Hypothesis: A high-gain S-band antenna was used for long-distance communications on the lunar flights.


Premise: Which year did the price of oil drop to $10 per barrel?

Hypothesis: The world price, which had peaked during the 1979 energy crisis at nearly $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel.


Premise: When did Tesla become friends with Viereck?

Hypothesis: In the late 1920s, Tesla also befriended George Sylvester Viereck, a poet, writer, mystic, and later, a Nazi propagandist.


Premise: When did embankment of the major Rhine distributaries take palce?

Hypothesis: This was followed by embankment, of the major distributaries and damming of minor distributaries, which took place in the 11–13th century AD.


Premise: Who made Ralph earl?

Hypothesis: Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh.


Premise: What are colloblasts?

Hypothesis: Euplokamis' tentilla have three types of movement that are used in capturing prey: they may flick out very quickly (in 40 to 60 milliseconds); they can wriggle, which may lure prey by behaving like small planktonic worms; and they coil round prey.


Premise: When did Mongke Khan die?

Hypothesis: He died in 1259 without a successor.


Premise: Why is using O2 instead of CO2 less efficient?

Hypothesis: This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis—it consumes ATP and oxygen, releases CO2, and produces no sugar.


Premise: How many of the six total packages available to broadcasters was Setanta awarded?

Hypothesis: In May 2006, the Irish broadcaster Setanta Sports was awarded two of the six Premier League packages that the English FA offered to broadcasters.


Premise: What kind of arches does Norman architecture have?

Hypothesis: Their style was characterised by rounded arches, particularly over windows and doorways, and massive proportions.


Premise: The Ottoman empire controlled territory on three continents, Africa, Asia and which other?

Hypothesis: Some of these were later absorbed into the empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.


Premise: When was earthenware movable type invented?

Hypothesis: Some Yuan documents such as Wang Zhen's Nong Shu were printed with earthenware movable type, a technology invented in the 12th century.


Premise: What did Luther refuse to do?

Hypothesis: Luther refused to recant his writings.


Premise: What was the final score of the AFC Championship Game?

Hypothesis: The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game.


Premise: What form of oxygen is composed of three oxygen atoms?

Hypothesis: Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O_3), strongly absorbs UVB radiation and consequently the high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation, but is a pollutant near the surface where it is a by-product of smog.


Premise: Which hotel did the Broncos use for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The Broncos practiced at Stanford University and stayed at the Santa Clara Marriott.


Premise: What do progressive moderates of Islam seek to separate?

Hypothesis: Hayri Abaza argues the failure to distinguish between Islam and Islamism leads many in the West to support illiberal Islamic regimes, to the detriment of progressive moderates who seek to separate religion from politics.


Premise: The Mitchell Tower is designed to look like what Oxford tower?

Hypothesis: (Mitchell Tower, for example, is modeled after Oxford's Magdalen Tower, and the university Commons, Hutchinson Hall, replicates Christ Church Hall.)


Premise: Who presents different ideas about how to accomplish goals?

Hypothesis: Once these have been hired, they begin building the first phase of the project.


Premise: What kind of contract is given when the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications?

Hypothesis: This is designated as a "design build" contract where the contractor is given a performance specification and must undertake the project from design to construction, while adhering to the performance specifications.


Premise: Which MVP honoree died in 2001?

Hypothesis: I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V) appeared via video, while Peyton Manning (MVP of Super Bowl XLI and current Broncos quarterback) was shown in the locker room preparing for the game.


Premise: Analysis of what kind of deposits from the Amazon Fan indicates a change in rainfall in the Amazon basin?

Hypothesis: This debate has proved difficult to resolve because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin, and both explanations are reasonably well supported by the available data.


Premise: What did Thoreau claim about the majority?

Hypothesis: The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right.


Premise: Who was in charge of the papal army in the War of Barbastro?

Hypothesis: The legendary religious zeal of the Normans was exercised in religious wars long before the First Crusade carved out a Norman principality in Antioch.


Premise: What is used to estimate emissions?

Hypothesis: This involves publishing default emission factors, which are factors used to derive emissions estimates based on the levels of fuel consumption, industrial production and so on.


Premise: Would opportunities be the same in each subject, or would they vary?

Hypothesis: Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taught.[citation needed]


Premise: To which year has the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet been dated?

Hypothesis: One of the finest pieces of continental furniture in the collection is the Rococo Augustus Rex Bureau Cabinet dated c1750 from Germany, with especially fine marquetry and ormolu mounts.


Premise: How long would Tesla spend gambling sometimes?

Hypothesis: During his second year of study at Graz, Tesla developed a passion for (and became very proficient at) billiards, chess and card-playing, sometimes spending more than 48 hours in a stretch at a gaming table.:43, 301


Premise: Where is the chloroplast peripheral reticulum less commonly found?

Hypothesis: It is often found in the chloroplasts of C4 plants, though it has also been found in some C3 angiosperms, and even some gymnosperms.


Premise: Around roughly how many students enroll yearly in creative and performing arts classes?

Hypothesis: The College's general education core includes a “dramatic, music, and visual arts” requirement, requiring students to study the history of the arts, stage desire, or begin working with sculpture.


Premise: In the encoding of mathematical objects, what is the way in which integers are commonly expressed?

Hypothesis: As in a real-world computer, mathematical objects other than bitstrings must be suitably encoded.


Premise: Civil disobedience has been argued in more recent times to have suffered from what?

Hypothesis: It has been argued that the term "civil disobedience" has always suffered from ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased.


Premise: What was the Doritos customer Super Bowl ad campaign called?

Hypothesis: It was also the final year that Doritos, a longtime sponsor of the game, held its "Crash the Super Bowl" contest that allowed viewers to create their own Doritos ads for a chance to have it aired during the game.


Premise: When did the KMJ-TV first broadcast?

Hypothesis: To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area and those planned for Chico, Sacramento, Salinas, and Stockton, the Federal Communications Commission decided that Fresno would only have UHF television stations.


Premise: What is one of the supplementary sources of European Union law?

Hypothesis: In case of European Union law which should have been transposed into the laws of member states, such as Directives, the European Commission can take proceedings against the member state under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.


Premise: What is the English translation of Het Scheur?

Hypothesis: The shape of the Rhine delta is determined by two bifurcations: first, at Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens Kanaal, which changes its name to Nederrijn at Angeren, and second near Arnhem, the IJssel branches off from the Nederrijn.


Premise: Where is Harvard stadium located?

Hypothesis: The Harvard Business School and many of the university's athletics facilities, including Harvard Stadium, are located on a 358-acre (145 ha) campus opposite the Cambridge campus in Allston.


Premise: How much can Ctenophores eat in one day?

Hypothesis: In favorable circumstances, ctenophores can eat ten times their own weight in a day.


Premise: Who financed General Electric's attempts to takeover Westinghouse?

Hypothesis: In 1897, Westinghouse explained his financial difficulties to Tesla in stark terms, saying that if things continue the way they were he would no longer be in control of Westinghouse Electric and Tesla would have to "deal with the bankers" to try to collect future royalties.


Premise: How are chloroplasts similar to mitochondria?

Hypothesis: Chloroplasts are highly dynamic—they circulate and are moved around within plant cells, and occasionally pinch in two to reproduce.


Premise: What entity was Touchstone Television reorganized into in 2007?

Hypothesis: As a result, television series were produced by ABC Circle Films beginning in 1962 and by Touchstone Television beginning in 1985, before Touchstone was reorganized as ABC Studios in February 2007.


Premise: What is the effect of testosterone on the male immune system?

Hypothesis: Hormones can act as immunomodulators, altering the sensitivity of the immune system.


Premise: Why was the Rhine measurement changed?

Hypothesis: In 1932 the German encyclopedia Knaurs Lexikon stated the length as 1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error.


Premise: What network was designed by the french

Hypothesis: The CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin.


Premise: What was part of the aftermath of the elections in 2007?

Hypothesis: Nevertheless, there have been serious allegations of human rights violations, most recently while conducting counter-insurgency operations in the Mt Elgon area and also in the district of Mandera central.


Premise: What is the name of the property where the media event was held for Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: The game's media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night.


Premise: What goal does Islamism have when it comes to society and government?

Hypothesis: Islamism favors the reordering of government and society in accordance with the Shari'a.


Premise: What is the alpine valley that the Rhine flows through?

Hypothesis: Near Sargans a natural dam, only a few metres high, prevents it from flowing into the open Seeztal valley and then through Lake Walen and Lake Zurich into the river Aare.


Premise: What percent of girls are in prostution in Kenyas coastal areas?

Hypothesis: Most working children are active in agriculture.


Premise: What did he do with Wardenclyffe?

Hypothesis: After the war started, Tesla lost the funding he was receiving from his patents in European countries.


Premise: What age does basic education start?

Hypothesis: Basic formal education starts at age six years and lasts 12 years comprising eight years in primary school and four years in high school or secondary school.


Premise: Milutin Tesla died at what age?

Hypothesis: On 24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospić under police guard for not having a residence permit.


Premise: What year did TVOntario start showing Doctor Who episodes?

Hypothesis: TVOntario picked up the show in 1976 beginning with The Three Doctors and aired each series (several years late) through to series 24 in 1991.


Premise: When did violence start in war?

Hypothesis: The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754, during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22-year-old George Washington ambushed a French patrol.


Premise: What South African Vice Consul did Harvard students blockade the speech of?

Hypothesis: The Harvard Management Company repeatedly refused to divest, stating that "operating expenses must not be subject to financially unrealistic strictures or carping by the unsophisticated or by special interest groups."


Premise: When was the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?

Hypothesis: Beyond Paris, the killings continued until 3 October.


Premise: On what game console was the CBS Sports app available?

Hypothesis: CBS provided digital streams of the game via CBSSports.com, and the CBS Sports apps on tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players (such as Chromecast and Roku).


Premise: Who did Peyton Manning play for as a rookie?

Hypothesis: Under Kubiak, the Broncos planned to install a run-oriented offense with zone blocking to blend in with quarterback Peyton Manning's shotgun passing skills, but struggled with numerous changes and injuries to the offensive line, as well as Manning having his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in 1998, due to a plantar fasciitis injury in his heel that he had suffered since the summer, and the simple fact that Manning was getting old, as he turned 39 in the 2015 off-season.


Premise: What was increased in November 2011?

Hypothesis: Many of these designations are recent—upon completion of the Western Bypass, and its designation as the new line of the A1, the roads between this and the A1's former alignment through the Tyne Tunnel were renumbered, with many city centre roads changing from a 6-prefix to their present 1-prefix numbers.


Premise: What happened in 1901?

Hypothesis: In December 1901, Marconi successfully transmitted the letter S from England to Newfoundland, terminating Tesla's relationship with Morgan.[improper synthesis?]


Premise: Where do chloroplasts make amino acids?

Hypothesis: Cysteine is made in the chloroplast (the proplastid too) but it is also synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria, probably because it has trouble crossing membranes to get to where it is needed.


Premise: ABC carries weekend events for what extreme sports competition?

Hypothesis: ABC also carries various X Games weekend events not broadcast by ESPN.


Premise: What event is held at Bells Beach in Victoria?

Hypothesis: Major events also play a big part in tourism in Victoria, particularly cultural tourism and sports tourism.


Premise: What Doctor Who was written without Doctor Who in it?

Hypothesis: Doctor Who has appeared on stage numerous times.


Premise: What was the capital of the Ottoman empire?

Hypothesis: With Istanbul as its capital and control of lands around the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the center of interactions between the Eastern and Western worlds for six centuries.


Premise: Who lives no longer on average than Greeks and New Zealanders?

Hypothesis: This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in recent decades it has slowed down among middle income countries and plateaued among the richest thirty or so countries in the world.


Premise: What causes rock extension?

Hypothesis: Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner.


Premise: What does the Armagnac manuscript in the V&A library archive depict?

Hypothesis: Illuminated manuscripts in the library dating from the 12th to 16th centuries include: the Eadwine Psalter[citation needed], Canterbury; Pocket Book of Hours, Reims; Missal from the Royal Abbey of Saint Denis, Paris; the Simon Marmion Book of Hours, Bruges; 1524 Charter illuminated by Lucas Horenbout, London; the Armagnac manuscript of the trial and rehabilitation of Joan of Arc, Rouen.


Premise: What year did Doctor Who win a Peabody award?

Hypothesis: In 2013, the Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who with an Institutional Peabody "for evolving with technology and the times like nothing else in the known television universe."


Premise: What do ctenophore use to capture their prey?

Hypothesis: Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having colloblasts, which are sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species lack them.


Premise: The flags on the moon left by the U.S. manned Apollo missions are all still standing save for which mission's flag?

Hypothesis: In 2009, NASA's robotic Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, while orbiting 50 kilometers (31 mi) above the Moon, began photographing the remnants of the Apollo program left on the lunar surface, and photographed each site where manned Apollo flights landed.


Premise: Which company sponsored a contest called "Small Business Big Game"?

Hypothesis: QuickBooks sponsored a "Small Business Big Game" contest, in which Death Wish Coffee had a 30-second commercial aired free of charge courtesy of QuickBooks.


Premise: What do later versions of the Lord's Prayer hymn still use?

Hypothesis: Luther's 1538 hymnic version of the Lord's Prayer, "Vater unser im Himmelreich", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism, with one stanza for each of the seven prayer petitions, plus opening and closing stanzas.


Premise: In what compound is oxygen part of a ring arrangement?

Hypothesis: Acetone ((CH_3)_2CO) and phenol (C_6H_5OH) are used as feeder materials in the synthesis of many different substances.


Premise: What campaigh did the Scottish National Party (SNP) run?

Hypothesis: However, it was not until 1978 that final legislative proposals for a Scottish Assembly were passed by the United Kingdom Parliament.


Premise: On what did Tesla blame for the loss of the initial money?

Hypothesis: Morgan was shocked by the reminder of his part in the stock market crash and by Tesla's breach of contract by asking for more funds.


Premise: Civil disobedience can occur when people speak about a certain topic that is deemed as?

Hypothesis: Threatening government officials is another classic way of expressing defiance toward the government and unwillingness to stand for its policies.


Premise: What kind of people attend the IPCC meetings?

Hypothesis: Attendance at the 2003 meeting included 350 government officials and climate change experts.


Premise: Why the narrow part of St. John's River called Cowford?

Hypothesis: The road crossed the St. Johns River at a narrow point, which the Seminole called Wacca Pilatka and the British called the Cow Ford or Cowford; these names ostensibly reflect the fact that cattle were brought across the river there.


Premise: How did Luther express the destruction?

Hypothesis: In Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants, written on his return to Wittenberg, he gave his interpretation of the Gospel teaching on wealth, condemned the violence as the devil's work, and called for the nobles to put down the rebels like mad dogs:


Premise: What did Agricola apparently believe about who should be in control  law?

Hypothesis: These theses asserted that the law is no longer to be taught to Christians but belonged only to city hall.


Premise: Along with private individuals and organizations, what groups sometimes runs ergänzungsschulen?

Hypothesis: Ergänzungsschulen have the freedom to operate outside of government regulation and are funded in whole by charging their students tuition fees.


Premise: Where are pyrenoids found?

Hypothesis: They are not found in higher plants.


Premise: Who registered the most receptions on the Broncos?

Hypothesis: Veteran receiver Demaryius Thomas led the team with 105 receptions for 1,304 yards and six touchdowns, while Emmanuel Sanders caught 76 passes for 1,135 yards and six scores, while adding another 106 yards returning punts.


Premise: What is the mace displayed in?

Hypothesis: Presented to the Scottish Parliament by the Queen upon its official opening in July 1999, the mace is displayed in a glass case suspended from the lid.


Premise: Who brought together the former rivals at the signing ceremony?

Hypothesis: The deal brought Kibaki's PNU and Odinga's ODM together and heralded the formation of the grand coalition, in which the two political parties would share power equally.


Hypothesis: Other 16th- and 20th-century versifications of the Lord's Prayer have adopted Luther's tune, although modern texts are considerably shorter.


Premise: Who first showed that Newton's Theory of Gravity was not as correct as another theory?

Hypothesis: This was the first time that Newton's Theory of Gravity had been shown to be less correct than an alternative.


Premise: Along with marine engines and industrial units, in what machines was compounding popular?

Hypothesis: The adoption of compounding was common for industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines after 1880; it was not universally popular in railway locomotives where it was often perceived as complicated.


Premise: What British Prime minister advisor is also a university alumni member?

Hypothesis: In economics, notable Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winners Milton Friedman, a major advisor to Republican U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Conservative British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, George Stigler, Nobel laureate and proponent of regulatory capture theory, Gary Becker, an important contributor to the family economics branch of economics, Herbert A. Simon, responsible for the modern interpretation of the concept of organizational decision-making, Paul Samuelson, the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and Eugene Fama, known for his work on portfolio theory, asset pricing and stock market behaviour, are all graduates.


Premise: In a platoon style teaching, what gives the children security?

Hypothesis: One of these, sometimes referred to as a "platoon" system, involves placing a group of students together in one class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject.


Premise: What did Tesla first receive after starting his company?

Hypothesis: After leaving Edison's company Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting company in Tesla's name, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing.


Premise: How many CDs does Newcastle's library have?

Hypothesis: Its music library contains 8000 CDs and 10,000 LPs.


Premise: How did William Shirley feel about French advancement?

Hypothesis: I don't know in what way they could be brought back."


Premise: How well did the Mongol Emperors know Chinese?

Hypothesis: Most of the Emperors could not master written Chinese, but they could generally converse well in the language.


Premise: When do the stated Treaties apply?

Hypothesis: Treaties apply as soon as they enter into force, unless stated otherwise, and are generally concluded for an unlimited period.


Premise: What is the oncorhynchus also called?

Hypothesis: It is also often difficult to identify the remains of ctenophores in the guts of possible predators, although the combs sometimes remain intact long enough to provide a clue.


Premise: What is the Victoria state bird?

Hypothesis: Most notable is the Murray River system.


Premise: Since what year has the UMC been exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American denominations?

Hypothesis: The United Methodist Church has since 1985 been exploring a possible merger with three historically African-American Methodist denominations: the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church.


Premise: What was diverted and now flows parallel to the Rhine?

Hypothesis: The Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine into the lake.


Premise: In what area of this British colony were Huguenot land grants?

Hypothesis: When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town, now in Powhatan County.


Premise: What actress played the last incarnation of the Doctor in the special?

Hypothesis: During the special the Doctor is forced to regenerate several times, with his subsequent incarnations played by, in order, Richard E. Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugh Grant and Joanna Lumley.


Premise: What genus has self-fertilization been seen?

Hypothesis: Almost all species are hermaphrodites, in other words they function as both males and females at the same time – except that in two species of the genus Ocryopsis individuals remain of the same single sex all their lives.


Premise: What are two examples of primitive jawless vertebrates?

Hypothesis: However, a distinct lymphocyte-derived molecule has been discovered in primitive jawless vertebrates, such as the lamprey and hagfish.


Premise: When does rain typically fall in Jacksonville?

Hypothesis: Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September, while the driest months are from November through April.


Premise: When was the most recent Super Bowl hosted in the South Florida/Miami area?

Hypothesis: The San Francisco Bay Area last hosted in 1985 (Super Bowl XIX), held at Stanford Stadium in Stanford, California, won by the home team 49ers.


Premise: Where is the only Jewish synagogue located?

Hypothesis: The only Jewish synagogue in the country is located in the capital, Nairobi.


Premise: What is the upper house of the Parliament of Victoria called?

Hypothesis: The personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda Dessau.


Premise: How big are phycobilisomes?

Hypothesis: Phycobilins often organize into relatively large protein complexes about 40 nanometers across called phycobilisomes.