Premise: What members typically open debates?

Hypothesis: Typically, ministers or party leaders open debates, with opening speakers given between 5 and 20 minutes, and succeeding speakers allocated less time.


Premise: What is a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam called?

Hypothesis: Much went for arms purchases that exacerbated political tensions, particularly in the Middle East.


Premise: What was the win/loss ratio in 2015 for the Carolina Panthers during their regular season?

Hypothesis: The Broncos finished the regular season with a 12–4 record, and denied the New England Patriots a chance to defend their title from Super Bowl XLIX by defeating them 20–18 in the AFC Championship Game.


Premise: What is the gauge of the Victorian rail lines?

Hypothesis: Victorian lines mainly use the 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) broad gauge.


Premise: What kind of missions are the armed forces regularly deployed for?

Hypothesis: The armed forces are regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions around the world.


Premise: Name a type of Toyota compact trucks?

Hypothesis: Later the American makers introduced their domestic replacements (Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15), ending their captive import policy.


Premise: What is necessary to disobey?

Hypothesis: But Stephen Eilmann argues that if it is necessary to disobey rules that conflict with morality, we might ask why disobedience should take the form of public civil disobedience rather than simply covert lawbreaking.


Premise: What came into force after the new constitution was herald?

Hypothesis: A constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President.


Premise: Where did the Huguenots land in New York originally?

Hypothesis: New Rochelle, located in the county of Westchester on the north shore of Long Island Sound, seemed to be the great location of the Huguenots in New York.


Premise: What coach left the Broncos after the season prior to Super Bowl 50?

Hypothesis: Osweiler was injured, however, leading to Manning's return during the Week 17 regular season finale, where the Broncos were losing 13–7 against the 4–11 San Diego Chargers, resulting in Manning re-claiming the starting quarterback position for the playoffs by leading the team to a key 27–20 win that enabled the team to clinch the number one overall AFC seed.


Premise: What is the proprietary system that Sky+HD uses?

Hypothesis: Interactive services and 7-day EPG use the proprietary OpenTV system, with set-top boxes including modems for a return path.


Premise: What building from the 19th century was destroyed between the 1950s and 1960s?

Hypothesis: However, some of the buildings from the 19th century that had been preserved in reasonably reconstructible form were nonetheless eradicated in the 1950s and 1960s (e.g. Leopold Kronenberg Palace).


Premise: How are the certain costs which are difficult to avoid shared?

Hypothesis: If the state does not provide these services, then for those on lower incomes, the costs must be borrowed and often those on lower incomes are those who are worse equipped to manage their finances.


Premise: What councils assign tasks to the IPCC?

Hypothesis: The IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council and UNEP Governing Council resolutions and decisions as well as on actions in support of the UNFCCC process.


Premise: What percentage of primary schools used Welsh primarily or exclusively?

Hypothesis: For example, a significant number of students all over Wales are educated either wholly or largely through the medium of Welsh: in 2008/09, 22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction.


Premise: Who provided a definition of linear bounded automata in 1960?

Hypothesis: Somewhat earlier, Boris Trakhtenbrot (1956), a pioneer in the field from the USSR, studied another specific complexity measure.


Premise: What were X-rays known as at the time?

Hypothesis: Tesla held that, with his circuits, the "instrument will ... enable one to generate Roentgen rays of much greater power than obtainable with ordinary apparatus."


Premise: Who decided not to come visit the country in 2013?

Hypothesis: Later in the summer, Kenyatta visited China at the invitation of President Xi Jinping after a stop in Russia and not having visited the United States as president.


Premise: Along with electric motors, what power sources overtook steam engines in the 20th century?

Hypothesis: Steam engines remained the dominant source of power until the early 20th century, when advances in the design of electric motors and internal combustion engines gradually resulted in the replacement of reciprocating (piston) steam engines, with shipping in the 20th-century relying upon the steam turbine.


Premise: What did the increase in skilled workers lead to?

Hypothesis: It is suggested that a large gap in male and female education may indicate backwardness and so may be associated with lower economic growth, which can explain why there is economic inequality between countries.


Premise: How many years does the V&A glass collection cover?

Hypothesis: The glass collection covers 4000 years of glass making, and has over 6000 items from Africa, Britain, Europe, America and Asia.


Premise: What does Yeke Mongghul Ulus mean?

Hypothesis: Great Mongol State"), resulting in Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus (Mongolian script: ), meaning "Great Yuan Great Mongol State".


Premise: Who was the #2 pick in the 2011 NFL Draft?

Hypothesis: Manning was the #1 selection of the 1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011.


Premise: What does Paul Krugmen think has had an observable effect on inequality in the U.S.?

Hypothesis: Trade economist Paul Krugman estimates that trade liberalisation has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States.


Premise: What book recognizes the importance of the Chalcedonian Creed?

Hypothesis: The United Methodist Church understands itself to be part of the holy catholic (or universal) church and it recognizes the historic ecumenical creeds, the Apostle's Creed and the Nicene Creed; which are used frequently in services of worship.


Premise: What was Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology?

Hypothesis: Zia-ul-Haq was much more committed to Islamism, and "Islamization" or implementation of Islamic law, became a cornerstone of his eleven-year military dictatorship and Islamism became his "official state ideology".


Premise: How many Panthers players were selected to the Pro Bowl?

Hypothesis: Despite waiving longtime running back DeAngelo Williams and losing top wide receiver Kelvin Benjamin to a torn ACL in the preseason, the Carolina Panthers had their best regular season in franchise history, becoming the seventh team to win at least 15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978.


Premise: Where did von Lettow surrender at?

Hypothesis: He eventually surrendered in Northern Rhodesia (today Zambia) fourteen days after the Armistice was signed in 1918.


Premise: Who normally manages a construction job?

Hypothesis: An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager supervises it.


Premise: When was ambulatory care pharmacy approved as its own certification?

Hypothesis: In 2011 the board of Pharmaceutical Specialties approved ambulatory care pharmacy practice as a separate board certification.


Premise: Why do the island archipelagos comprise a smaller number of electors?

Hypothesis: Given the geographical distribution of population in Scotland, this results in constituencies of a smaller area in the Central Lowlands, where the bulk of Scotland's population live, and much larger constituency areas in the north and west of the country, which have a low population density.


Premise: Iqbal worried that India's mostly Hindu population would do what to Muslim heritage and culture?

Hypothesis: Iqbal expressed fears that not only would secularism and secular nationalism weaken the spiritual foundations of Islam and Muslim society, but that India's Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage, culture and political influence.


Premise: What Star Trek episode has a nod to Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: Who executive producer Russell T. Davies), the character of Vince was portrayed as an avid Doctor Who fan, with references appearing many times throughout in the form of clips from the programme.


Premise: What percentage of Filipino tertiary education takes place in private schools?

Hypothesis: In the Philippines, the private sector has been a major provider of educational services, accounting for about 7.5% of primary enrollment, 32% of secondary enrollment and about 80% of tertiary enrollment.


Premise: What is the temperature in the highest portion of the mountain range in winter?

Hypothesis: The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria.


Premise: Who led the most rapid expansion of the Mongol Empire?

Hypothesis: Mongol armies pushed into Persia, finished off the Western Xia and the remnants of the Khwarezmids, and came into conflict with the imperial Song dynasty of China, starting a war that lasted until 1279 and that concluded with the Mongols gaining control of all of China.


Premise: If you do not know both magnitude and direction of two forces on an object, what would you call that situation?

Hypothesis: For example, if you know that two people are pulling on the same rope with known magnitudes of force but you do not know which direction either person is pulling, it is impossible to determine what the acceleration of the rope will be.


Premise: Which IPCC author criticized the TAR?

Hypothesis: Houghton has stressed that the SPM is agreed upon by delegates from many of the world's governments, and that any changes to the SPM must be supported by scientific evidence.


Premise: For what type of music was Doctor Who considered a pioneer?

Hypothesis: During its original run, it was recognised for its imaginative stories, creative low-budget special effects, and pioneering use of electronic music (originally produced by the BBC Radiophonic Workshop).


Premise: What is the concrete choice typically assumed by most complexity-theoretic theorems?

Hypothesis: This can be achieved by ensuring that different representations can be transformed into each other efficiently.


Premise: What was Tesla's friends' theory as to what became of him?

Hypothesis: His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River.


Premise: Who did the army siege belong to?

Hypothesis: After a protracted siege, during which the Mongol army under Jani Beg was suffering from the disease, the army catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls of Kaffa to infect the inhabitants.


Premise: When was Europe fully forested and recovered from the last Ice Age?

Hypothesis: As northwest Europe slowly began to warm up from 22,000 years ago onward, frozen subsoil and expanded alpine glaciers began to thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring.


Premise: What does the Rhine merge with outside of Germany?

Hypothesis: From here, the situation becomes more complicated, as the Dutch name Rijn no longer coincides with the main flow of water.


Premise: Who forced four fumbles for the Broncos in the 2015 season?

Hypothesis: Linebacker DeMarcus Ware was selected to play in the Pro Bowl for the ninth time in his career, ranking second on the team with 7½ sacks.


Premise: When did Kublai ban the international Mongol slave trade?

Hypothesis: The Mongols practiced debt slavery, and by 1290 in all parts of the Mongol Empire commoners were selling their children into slavery.


Premise: What was the American Timothy Dexter widely regarded as?

Hypothesis: This monopoly, which lasted for a considerable time, helped Newcastle prosper and develop into a major town.


Premise: Who was yersinia pestis named for?

Hypothesis: The mechanism by which Y. pestis was usually transmitted was established in 1898 by Paul-Louis Simond and was found to involve the bites of fleas whose midguts had become obstructed by replicating Y. pestis several days after feeding on an infected host.


Premise: What was the style of Luther's salute at the end of his speech?

Hypothesis: Michael Mullett considers this speech as a "world classic of epoch-making oratory."


Premise: That there currently exists no known integer factorization problem underpins what commonly used system?

Hypothesis: Phrased as a decision problem, it is the problem of deciding whether the input has a factor less than k. No efficient integer factorization algorithm is known, and this fact forms the basis of several modern cryptographic systems, such as the RSA algorithm.


Premise: Whose relics reside in the Becket Casket?

Hypothesis: Also of importance is the Becket Casket dated c1180 to contain relics of St Thomas Becket, made from gilt copper, with enamelled scenes of the saint's martyrdom.


Premise: How many scalar equations were formed into a set by James Maxwell?

Hypothesis: These "Maxwell Equations" fully described the sources of the fields as being stationary and moving charges, and the interactions of the fields themselves.


Premise: What does the bolinopsis generally eat?

Hypothesis: Bolinopsis often reach high population densities at the same place and time because they specialize in different types of prey: Pleurobrachia's long tentacles mainly capture relatively strong swimmers such as adult copepods, while Bolinopsis generally feeds on smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae.


Premise: When did Tesla admit to a reporter that maybe he'd sacrificed too much by not having a relationship?

Hypothesis: " There have been numerous accounts of women vying for Tesla's affection, even some madly in love with him.[citation needed]


Premise: Where do thrust faults form?

Hypothesis: In the shallow crust, where brittle deformation can occur, thrust faults form, which cause deeper rock to move on top of shallower rock.


Premise: Gosforth and Byker are the largest shopping areas of what type?

Hypothesis: Other shopping destinations in Newcastle include Grainger Street and the area around Grey's Monument, the relatively modern Eldon Garden and Monument Mall complexes, the Newgate Centre, Central Arcade and the traditional Grainger Market.


Premise: Where did the Panthers practice for the Super Bowl?

Hypothesis: The Panthers used the San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott.


Premise: What can be seen between hadrons?

Hypothesis: However, a residual of the force is observed between hadrons (the best known example being the force that acts between nucleons in atomic nuclei) as the nuclear force.


Premise: Who designed the largest item from Italy that is part of the V&A sculpture collection?

Hypothesis: It includes Canova's The Three Graces, which the museum jointly owns with National Galleries of Scotland.


Premise: In which article does the Treaty of Lisbon prohibit anti-competitive agreements?

Hypothesis: Article 101(3) establishes exemptions, if the collusion is for distributional or technological innovation, gives consumers a "fair share" of the benefit and does not include unreasonable restraints that risk eliminating competition anywhere (or compliant with the general principle of European Union law of proportionality).


Premise: What is the legislature of the European Union comprised of?

Hypothesis: The legislature of the European Union is principally composed of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which under the Treaties may establish secondary law to pursue the objective set out in the Treaties.


Premise: What is the Mongolian spelling of Genghis Khan?

Hypothesis: Temüjin is written in Chinese as simplified Chinese: 铁木真; traditional Chinese: 鐵木眞; pinyin: Tiěmùzhēn.


Premise: Approximately how many old masters works are included in the V&A collection?

Hypothesis: The collection of drawings includes over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works, including works by: Dürer, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Bernardo Buontalenti, Rembrandt, Antonio Verrio, Paul Sandby, John Russell, Angelica Kauffman, John Flaxman, Hugh Douglas Hamilton, Thomas Rowlandson, William Kilburn, Thomas Girtin, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, David Wilkie, John Martin, Samuel Palmer, Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, Lord Frederic Leighton, Sir Samuel Luke Fildes and Aubrey Beardsley.


Premise: What can concentrate wealth, pass environmental costs on to society and abuse both workers and consumers?

Hypothesis: "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality, outcomes that are widely viewed as unfair.


Premise: How sure did the statement say scientists were that temperatures would keep rising?

Hypothesis: The statement, also published as an editorial in the journal Science, stated "we support the [TAR's] conclusion that it is at least 90% certain that temperatures will continue to rise, with average global surface temperature projected to increase by between 1.4 and 5.8 °C above 1990 levels by 2100".


Premise: Teacher's colleges certify, govern and enforce what for teachers?

Hypothesis: Around the world many governments operate teacher's colleges, which are generally established to serve and protect the public interest through certifying, governing and enforcing the standards of practice for the teaching profession.


Premise: What Japanese network did ABC purchase a stake in in 1951?

Hypothesis: Goldenson tried international investing, having ABC invest in the Latin American market, acquiring a 51% interest in a network covering Central America.


Premise: What is the average width of the Rhine?

Hypothesis: It is here that the Rhine encounters some more of its main tributaries, such as the Neckar, the Main and, later, the Moselle, which contributes an average discharge of more than 300 m3/s (11,000 cu ft/s).


Premise: What entity began producing television series for ABC in 1962?

Hypothesis: As a result, television series were produced by ABC Circle Films beginning in 1962 and by Touchstone Television beginning in 1985, before Touchstone was reorganized as ABC Studios in February 2007.


Premise: What entity deals with EU staff issues?

Hypothesis: Today the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the main judicial body, within which there is a higher European Court of Justice (commonly abbreviated as ECJ) that deals with cases that contain more public importance, and a General Court that deals with issues of detail but without general importance.


Premise: How many NFL teams have finished the regular season with one loss?

Hypothesis: For the third straight season, the number one seeds from both conferences met in the Super Bowl.


Premise: Rock units become thicker and shorten when placed under this type of compression.

Hypothesis: Because rock units, other than muds, do not significantly change in volume, this is accomplished in two primary ways: through faulting and folding.


Premise: What type of interpretation of Islam does Salafism promote?

Hypothesis: While this effort has by no means converted all, or even most Muslims to the Wahhabist interpretation of Islam, it has done much to overwhelm more moderate local interpretations, and has set the Saudi-interpretation of Islam as the "gold standard" of religion in minds of some or many Muslims.


Premise: Where is the Congress Hall located?

Hypothesis: Thanks to numerous musical venues, including the Teatr Wielki, the Polish National Opera, the Chamber Opera, the National Philharmonic Hall and the National Theatre, as well as the Roma and Buffo music theatres and the Congress Hall in the Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw hosts many events and festivals.


Premise: Who is the hero who killed a dragon on the Drachenfels?

Hypothesis: This "Germanic Heroic Age" is reflected in medieval legend, such as the Nibelungenlied which tells of the hero Siegfried killing a dragon on the Drachenfels (Siebengebirge) ("dragons rock"), near Bonn at the Rhine and of the Burgundians and their court at Worms, at the Rhine and Kriemhild's golden treasure, which was thrown into the Rhine by Hagen.


Premise: What do the services given by pharmacists provide?

Hypothesis: Pharmacists provide direct patient care services that optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention.


Premise: What have the Dinophysis chloroplasts lost?

Hypothesis: Cryptophyte chloroplasts require their nucleomorph to maintain themselves, and Dinophysis species grown in cell culture alone cannot survive, so it is possible (but not confirmed) that the Dinophysis chloroplast is a kleptoplast


Premise: Who considers Los Angeles County to be a separate metropolitan area?

Hypothesis: The cities and communities along Interstate 15 and Interstate 215 are so inter-related that Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire.


Premise: What is the universal band that digital recievers will receive free to air channels on?

Hypothesis: To view the encrypted content a VideoGuard UK equipped receiver (all of which are dedicated to the Sky service, and cannot be used to decrypt other services) needs to be used.


Premise: Where did Genghis Khan spend the summer after taking Deshun?

Hypothesis: Not happy with their betrayal and resistance, Genghis Khan ordered the entire imperial family to be executed, effectively ending the Tangut lineage.


Premise: After the Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, what direction does it flow?

Hypothesis: The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls, and is joined by its major tributary, the river Aare.


Premise: What can faith groups ask the Presiding Officer to do for them?

Hypothesis: Faith groups can make direct representations to the Presiding Officer to nominate speakers.


Premise: Who is the new companion for the 10th series of the revival?

Hypothesis: The tenth series will introduce Pearl Mackie as Bill, the Doctor's newest traveling companion.


Premise: What is partially responsible for weakened immune response in older individuals?

Hypothesis: It is conjectured that a progressive decline in hormone levels with age is partially responsible for weakened immune responses in aging individuals.


Premise: How many hymns did Luther write based on the Ten Commandments?

Hypothesis: His "Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ" ("Praise be to You, Jesus Christ") became the main hymn for Christmas.


Premise: What did John Wesley originally call the experience of conversion?

Hypothesis: John Wesley originally called this experience the New Birth.


Premise: How are cyanobacteria sometimes wrongly described?

Hypothesis: They are sometimes called blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes.


Premise: What is the start of the salary year?

Hypothesis: Teachers in Scotland can be registered members of trade unions with the main ones being the Educational Institute of Scotland and the Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association.


Premise: What was the episode name of Simpson's first Doctor Who score?

Hypothesis: Simpson's first Doctor Who score was Planet of Giants (1964) and he went on to write music for many adventures of the 1960s and 1970s, including most of the stories of the Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker periods, ending with The Horns of Nimon (1979).


Premise: Who is the quarterback for the Carolina Panthers?

Hypothesis: The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections.


Premise: What percentage of the U.S. population self-identify with UMC?

Hypothesis: It is a member of the World Council of Churches, the World Methodist Council, and other religious associations.


Premise: How far do the wildebeest migrate searching for food and water?

Hypothesis: Two million wildebeest migrate a distance of 2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi) from the Serengeti in neighbouring Tanzania to the Masai Mara in Kenya, in a constant clockwise fashion, searching for food and water supplies.


Premise: What trend increases the organic composition of capital over the long term?

Hypothesis: Over the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital, meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs, increasing unemployment (the "reserve army of labour").


Premise: How many Panthers were designated All-Pro?

Hypothesis: Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl (the most in franchise history) along with eight All-Pro selections.


Premise: In what year was a program study done on the modules labeled as Block I and Block II?

Hypothesis: Also, there was no provision for docking with the Lunar Module.


Premise: What did Priestley name the gas his experiment produced?

Hypothesis: In the meantime, on August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide (HgO) inside a glass tube, which liberated a gas he named "dephlogisticated air".


Premise: How many kgs of moon rocks did the program bring back?

Hypothesis: The program returned 842 pounds (382 kg) of lunar rocks and soil to Earth, greatly contributing to the understanding of the Moon's composition and geological history.


Premise: When did he talk about his beliefs in an interview?

Hypothesis: His opinion stemmed from the belief that humans' "pity" had interfered with the natural "ruthless workings of nature," rather than from conceptions of a "master race" or inherent superiority of one person over another.


Premise: How many households had BSkyB service in 1994?

Hypothesis: The service started on 1 September 1993 based on the idea from the then chief executive officer, Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch, of converting the company business strategy to an entirely fee-based concept.


Premise: how long did Tesla spend redesigning the motor and generators?

Hypothesis: Tesla was offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison Company's direct current generators.


Premise: Where in Las Vegas did a famous protest take place?

Hypothesis: When the Committee for Non-Violent Action sponsored a protest in August 1957, at the Camp Mercury nuclear test site near Las Vegas, Nevada, 13 of the protesters attempted to enter the test site knowing that they faced arrest.


Premise: What is the name of the winter festival held in January that is based on fitness?

Hypothesis: Every January, the university holds a week-long winter festival, Kuviasungnerk/Kangeiko, which include early morning exercise routines and fitness workshops.


Premise: When did this leader publish a French language Bible?

Hypothesis: During the Protestant Reformation, Lefevre, a professor at the University of Paris, published his French translation of the New Testament in 1523, followed by the whole Bible in the French language in 1530.


Premise: What is another term for x-ray imaging?

Hypothesis: In March 1896, after hearing of Wilhelm Röntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography), Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging, developing a high energy single terminal vacuum tube of his own design that had no target electrode and that worked from the output of the Tesla Coil (the modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung or braking radiation).


Premise: Which nation contains the majority of the amazon forest?

Hypothesis: The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.


Premise: The paintings donated by John Sheepshanks were by artists of which nationality?

Hypothesis: Although some of Constable's works came to the museum with the Sheepshanks bequest, the majority of the artist's works were donated by his daughter Isabel in 1888, including the large number of sketches in oil, the most significant being the 1821 full size oil sketch for The Hay Wain.


Premise: What was Tesla's father's name?

Hypothesis: His father, Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest.


Premise: What did Stephen Kemble guide the Theatre Royal through?

Hypothesis: Stephen Kemble of the famous Kemble family successfully managed the original Theatre Royal, Newcastle for fifteen years (1791–1806).


Premise: Who did Jamukha support that were not part of Temüjin's power base?

Hypothesis: Jamukha supported the traditional Mongolian aristocracy, while Temüjin followed a meritocratic method, and attracted a broader, though lower class, range of followers.


Premise: In which case did the Court of Justice hold that requiring Italian lawyers to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction?

Hypothesis: By contrast in Commission v Italy the Court of Justice held that a requirement for lawyers in Italy to comply with maximum tariffs unless there was an agreement with a client was not a restriction.


Premise: What group did Luther want to understand his works?

Hypothesis: He intended his vigorous, direct language to make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans, "for we are removing impediments and difficulties so that other people may read it without hindrance."


Premise: Which Panther tipped a Manning pass to himself and picked it off?

Hypothesis: The Panthers could not gain any yards with their possession and had to punt.


Premise: After an eventful and tiring year for the world during 1968, what type of ending to the year did the images from space provide?

Hypothesis: The crew of Apollo 8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth, and read from the creation story in the Book of Genesis, on Christmas Eve, 1968.


Premise: What date was Super Bowl Opening Night held?

Hypothesis: The game's media day, which was typically held on the Tuesday afternoon prior to the game, was moved to the Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night.


Premise: New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in what?

Hypothesis: New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in 3D printing technology.


Premise: Is the output of a functional problem typically characterized by a simple or complex answer?

Hypothesis: A function problem is a computational problem where a single output (of a total function) is expected for every input, but the output is more complex than that of a decision problem, that is, it isn't just yes or no.


Premise: Pattern recognition receptors recognize components present in broad groups of what?

Hypothesis: Innate immune defenses are non-specific, meaning these systems respond to pathogens in a generic way.


Premise: Who develped the theory of relativity?

Hypothesis: Philosophers in antiquity used the concept of force in the study of stationary and moving objects and simple machines, but thinkers such as Aristotle and Archimedes retained fundamental errors in understanding force.


Premise: Roughly how much is the Student Government's budget?

Hypothesis: It is led by an Executive Committee, chaired by a President with the assistance of two Vice Presidents, one for Administration and the other for Student Life, elected together as a slate by the student body each spring.


Premise: What was causing New France to have issues with resupplying?

Hypothesis: Vaudreuil and Montcalm were minimally resupplied in 1758, as the British blockade of the French coastline limited French shipping.


Premise: What did Luther's answer to the antinomians reaffirms?

Hypothesis: Luther states that everything that is used to work sorrow over sin is called the law, even if it is Christ's life, Christ's death for sin, or God's goodness experienced in creation.


Premise: What is a complex net of contracts and other legal obligations?

Hypothesis: A contract is the exchange of a set of obligations between two or more parties, but it is not so simple a matter as trying to get the other side to agree to as much as possible in exchange for as little as possible.


Premise: Who was the MVP of Super Bowl XLI?

Hypothesis: I and II) and Chuck Howley (MVP of Super Bowl V) appeared via video, while Peyton Manning (MVP of Super Bowl XLI and current Broncos quarterback) was shown in the locker room preparing for the game.


Premise: Approximately how many British drawings are included in the V&A collection?

Hypothesis: The collection of drawings includes over 10,000 British and 2,000 old master works, including works by: Dürer, Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione, Bernardo Buontalenti, Rembrandt, Antonio Verrio, Paul Sandby, John Russell, Angelica Kauffman, John Flaxman, Hugh Douglas Hamilton, Thomas Rowlandson, William Kilburn, Thomas Girtin, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, David Wilkie, John Martin, Samuel Palmer, Sir Edwin Henry Landseer, Lord Frederic Leighton, Sir Samuel Luke Fildes and Aubrey Beardsley.


Premise: How old was Tesla when he died?

Hypothesis: On 7 January 1943, at the age of 86, Tesla died alone in room 3327 of the New Yorker Hotel.


Premise: How is packet switching characterized

Hypothesis: In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time, even when no data is transferred, while packet switching may be characterized by a fee per unit of information transmitted, such as characters, packets, or messages.


Premise: What percentage of Filipino primary school students are in private schools?

Hypothesis: Per unit costs in private schools are generally lower when compared to public schools.


Premise: What name was given to the western half of the colony?

Hypothesis: They had been sent from England in HMS Calcutta under the command of Captain Daniel Woodriff, principally out of fear that the French, who had been exploring the area, might establish their own settlement and thereby challenge British rights to the continent.


Premise: What type of antenna was used for communication on the lunar flights?

Hypothesis: On the extended lunar missions, an orbital scientific instrument package was carried.


Premise: When Tesla attempted to photograph Mark Twain, what was the only thing that showed up on the image?

Hypothesis: " Tesla may have inadvertently captured an X-ray image—predating, by a few weeks, Wilhelm Röntgen's December 1895 announcement of the discovery of x-rays—when he tried to photograph Mark Twain illuminated by a Geissler tube, an earlier type of gas discharge tube.


Premise: In what meeting did Shirley lay out plans for 1756?

Hypothesis: Bogged down by disagreements and disputes with others, including William Johnson and New York's Governor Sir Charles Hardy, Shirley's plan had little support.


Premise: Who reportedly wanted Tesla's company?

Hypothesis: Tesla never married; he said his chastity was very helpful to his scientific abilities.:33 However, toward the end of his life, he told a reporter, "Sometimes I feel that by not marrying, I made too great a sacrifice to my work ...


Premise: What year did Newcastle first develop its cycling strategy?

Hypothesis: Following guidelines set in the National Cycling strategy, Newcastle first developed its cycling strategy in 1998.


Premise: What is the age range of most prostitutes in Kenya?

Hypothesis: Most of the prostitutes in Kenya are aged 9–18.


Premise: What does oxygen the basis for in combustion?

Hypothesis: Oxygen is the oxidant, not the fuel, but nevertheless the source of most of the chemical energy released in combustion.


Premise: Who has criticized ordering from online pharmacies that don't require prescriptions?

Hypothesis: However, this practice has been criticized as potentially dangerous, especially by those who feel that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications, risk/benefit ratios, and an individual's overall suitability for use of a medication.


Premise: At the time of Martin Luther what was in demand?

Hypothesis: Published at a time of rising demand for German-language publications, Luther's version quickly became a popular and influential Bible translation.


Premise: What made emigration to these colonies attractive?

Hypothesis: The bulk of Huguenot émigrés relocated to Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg and Electorate of the Palatinate in the Holy Roman Empire, the Duchy of Prussia, the Channel Islands, and Ireland.


Premise: How many soldiers did Genghis Khan take with him to Khwarezmia?

Hypothesis: Outraged, Genghis Khan planned one of his largest invasion campaigns by organizing together around 100,000 soldiers (10 tumens), his most capable generals and some of his sons.


Premise: What was Sadat seeking by releasing Islamists from prison?

Hypothesis: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat – whose policies included opening Egypt to Western investment (infitah); transferring Egypt's allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States; and making peace with Israel – released Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles in tacit exchange for political support in his struggle against leftists.


Premise: Who designed the ceiling and stained-glass windows of the Green Dining Room?

Hypothesis: The Centre Refreshment Room 1865–77 was designed in a Renaissance style by James Gamble, the walls and even the Ionic columns are covered in decorative and moulded ceramic tile, the ceiling consists of elaborate designs on enamelled metal sheets and matching stained-glass windows, the marble fireplace was designed and sculpted by Alfred Stevens and was removed from Dorchester House prior to that building's demolition in 1929.


Premise: What were the national elections in 1991 canceled by?

Hypothesis: Taking advantage of economic failure and unpopular social liberalization and secularization by the ruling leftist-nationalist FLN government, it used its preaching to advocate the establishment of a legal system following Sharia law, economic liberalization and development program, education in Arabic rather than French, and gender segregation, with women staying home to alleviate the high rate of unemployment among young Algerian men.


Premise: What was the goal of Braddock's expedition?

Hypothesis: After several months of negotiations, the government of the Duke of Newcastle decided to send an army expedition the following year to dislodge the French.


Premise: What areas are pharmacy informatics prepared to work in?

Hypothesis: Pharmacists in this area are trained to participate in medication management system development, deployment and optimization.


Premise: What mainline station is to the east of the city center?

Hypothesis: The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK.


Premise: What is tertiary education?

Hypothesis: Generally, education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes primary education (primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools) and tertiary education (universities and/or TAFE colleges).


Premise: Most antibiotics target bacteria and don't affect what class of organisms?

Hypothesis: However, since most antibiotics non-specifically target bacteria and do not affect fungi, oral antibiotics can lead to an "overgrowth" of fungi and cause conditions such as a vaginal candidiasis (a yeast infection).


Premise: What actress plays the female Master?

Hypothesis: As of the 2014 episode "Dark Water," it was revealed that the Master had become a female incarnation or "Time Lady," going by the name of "Missy" (short for Mistress, the feminine equivalent of "Master").


Premise: What rift system developed in the Alpine orogeny?

Hypothesis: By the time of the Miocene, a river system had developed in the Upper Rhine Graben, that continued northward and is considered the first Rhine river.


Premise: What is the alpine valley that the Rhine flows through?

Hypothesis: This section is nearly 86 km long, and descends from a height of 599 m to 396 m. It flows through a wide glacial alpine valley known as the Rhine Valley (German: Rheintal).


Premise: Purpose of Telnet

Hypothesis: It was founded by former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts as a means of making ARPANET technology public.


Premise: Who gave Genghis Khan the title Khadan?

Hypothesis: At a Khuruldai, a council of Mongol chiefs, Temüjin was acknowledged as "Khan" of the consolidated tribes and took the new title "Genghis Khan".


Premise: What crops were introduced or popularized in the Yuan?

Hypothesis: Eastern crops such as carrots, turnips, new varieties of lemons, eggplants, and melons, high-quality granulated sugar, and cotton were all either introduced or successfully popularized during the Yuan dynasty.


Premise: Whose works helped Tesla recover from illness?

Hypothesis: He read many books while in Tomingaj, and later said that Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness.


Premise: What thesis specifies that a polynomial relationship exists within time complexities in a computational model?

Hypothesis: If we allow polynomial variations in running time, Cobham-Edmonds thesis states that "the time complexities in any two reasonable and general models of computation are polynomially related" (Goldreich 2008, Chapter 1.2).


Premise: How long were the fighters of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising able to hold out?

Hypothesis: When the order came to annihilate the ghetto as part of Hitler's "Final Solution" on 19 April 1943, Jewish fighters launched the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.


Premise: When do bathyctena chuni, euplokamis stationis and eurhamphaea vexilligera  excrete secretions?

Hypothesis: Juveniles will luminesce more brightly in relation to their body size than adults, whose luminescence is diffused over their bodies.


Premise: What did Edison offer Tesla after completing the project?

Hypothesis: Instead, Edison offered a US$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary; Tesla refused the offer and immediately resigned.


Premise: Who claimed Luther's writings were a blueprint of actions against Jews?

Hypothesis: According to Daniel Goldhagen, Bishop Martin Sasse, a leading Protestant churchman, published a compendium of Luther's writings shortly after Kristallnacht, for which Diarmaid MacCulloch, Professor of the History of the Church in the University of Oxford argued that Luther's writing was a "blueprint."


Premise: What does the Islamic State lack from the international community?

Hypothesis: "The Islamic State", formerly known as the "Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" and before that as the "Islamic State of Iraq", (and called the acronym Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs from Iraq and Syria.


Premise: What is the increased rates of self-employment based on?

Hypothesis: On the other hand, higher economic inequality tends to increase entrepreneurship rates at the individual level (self-employment).


Premise: What planet was named for a fly-by mission by an empty S-IVB?

Hypothesis: This study was followed by design of a larger orbital workshop to be built in orbit from an empty S-IVB Saturn upper stage, and grew into the Apollo Applications Program (AAP).


Premise: What have the Dinophysis chloroplasts lost?

Hypothesis: However, the cryptophyte is not an endosymbiont—only the chloroplast seems to have been taken, and the chloroplast has been stripped of its nucleomorph and outermost two membranes, leaving just a two-membraned chloroplast.


Premise: Where did Tesla and Twain hang out?

Hypothesis: Tesla occasionally attended dinner parties held by Viereck and his wife.


Premise: When did O2 begin to acculturate in the atmosphere?

Hypothesis: Reactive oxygen species also play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against pathogen attack.


Premise: Who was limited by Denver's defense?

Hypothesis: The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed.


Premise: What was Tesla on his way to do when he was struck by the cab?

Hypothesis: Tesla didn't raise any question as to who was at fault and refused medical aid, only asking to be taken to his hotel via cab.


Premise: How many hymns did Luther contribute to the Erfurt Enchiridion?

Hypothesis: He supplied four of eight songs of the First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch, 18 of 26 songs of the Erfurt Enchiridion, and 24 of the 32 songs in the first choral hymnal with settings by Johann Walter, Eyn geystlich


Premise: Who thought that applied force caused movement of an object regardless of non-zero velocity?

Hypothesis: However, when kinetic friction is taken into consideration it is clear that there is no net force causing constant velocity motion.


Premise: How long would the astronauts be project to be able to stay on the moon for in the latter missions?

Hypothesis: NASA publicized a preliminary list of eight more planned landing sites, with plans to increase the mass of the CSM and LM for the last five missions, along with the payload capacity of the Saturn V.


Premise: What year was the conflict with the Song dynasty concluded?

Hypothesis: Mongol armies pushed into Persia, finished off the Western Xia and the remnants of the Khwarezmids, and came into conflict with the imperial Song dynasty of China, starting a war that lasted until 1279 and that concluded with the Mongols gaining control of all of China.


Premise: How many broadcast television partners does the NFL have?

Hypothesis: CBS introduced new features during the telecast, including pylon cameras and microphones along with EyeVision 360—an array of 36 cameras along the upper deck that can be used to provide a 360-degree view of plays and "bullet time" effects.


Premise: What is the translation of Siebengebirge?

Hypothesis: Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine.


Premise: Large predators of the Amazon rainforest include the jaguar, cougar, and anaconda, what is one other example?

Hypothesis: Among the largest predatory creatures are the black caiman, jaguar, cougar, and anaconda.


Premise: What band is considered by many to be the first black metal group?

Hypothesis: Folk metal band Skyclad, often regarded as the first folk metal band, also formed in Newcastle after the break-up of Martin Walkyier thrash metal band, Sabbat.


Premise: When was OPEC production of oil being surpassed?

Hypothesis: OPEC soon lost its preeminent position, and in 1981, its production was surpassed by that of other countries.


Premise: What are the two major subsystems of the immune system?

Hypothesis: The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.


Premise: Who was the 4th to rule the Yuan dynasty?

Hypothesis: He was the first Yuan emperor to actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture after the reign of Kublai, to the discontent of some Mongol elite.


Premise: On what river does Warsaw stand?

Hypothesis: It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains.


Premise: Who recovered Tolbert's fumble?

Hypothesis: On Carolina's next possession fullback Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart, which linebacker Danny Trevathan recovered on the Broncos 40-yard line.


Premise: What did Gano hit on his 44-yard field goal attempt?

Hypothesis: The Panthers seemed primed to score on their opening drive of the second half when Newton completed a 45-yard pass to Ted Ginn Jr. on the Denver 35-yard line on their second offensive play.


Premise: How much did it cost to build the stadium where Super Bowl 50 was played?

Hypothesis: On May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium.


Premise: What did Luther believe that the soul does after death?

Hypothesis: In contrast to the views of John Calvin and Philipp Melanchthon, throughout his life Luther maintained that it was not false doctrine to believe that a Christian's soul sleeps after it is separated from the body in death; and, accordingly, he disputed traditional interpretations of some Bible passages, such as the parable of the rich man and Lazarus.


Premise: Why might rats not be responsible for the plague?

Hypothesis: Other arguments include the lack of accounts of the death of rats before outbreaks of plague between the 14th and 17th centuries; temperatures that are too cold in northern Europe for the survival of fleas; that, despite primitive transport systems, the spread of the Black Death was much faster than that of modern bubonic plague; that mortality rates of the Black Death appear to be very high; that, while modern bubonic plague is largely endemic as a rural disease, the Black Death indiscriminately struck urban and rural areas; and that the pattern of the Black Death, with major outbreaks in the same areas separated by 5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague—which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare-ups.


Premise: What is the hymn known as in English?

Hypothesis: This behavior started with his learning of the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, the first individuals to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church for Lutheran views, prompting Luther to write the hymn "


Premise: When did Levi's stadium open to the public?

Hypothesis: The $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014.


Premise: How did the 2001 IPCC report compare to reality on sea levels?

Hypothesis: Over the six years studied, the actual temperature rise was near the top end of the range given by IPCC's 2001 projection, and the actual sea level rise was above the top of the range of the IPCC projection.


Premise: What position does Von Miller play?

Hypothesis: The Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed.


Premise: Who was the game's leading rusher?

Hypothesis: He was also the team's leading rusher with 45 yards on six carries.


Premise: Which English sculptor who became the leading portrait sculptor in Regency era Britain is represented in the V&A collection?

Hypothesis: A sample of some of these sculptors' work is on display in the British Galleries.


Premise: Who is the hero who killed a dragon on the Drachenfels?

Hypothesis: Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine in the Migration period, by the 5th century establishing the kingdoms of Francia on the Lower Rhine, Burgundy on the Upper Rhine and Alemannia on the High Rhine.


Premise: What literary reference compares the Master to Doctor Who?

Hypothesis: Conceived as "Professor Moriarty to the Doctor's Sherlock Holmes", the character first appeared in 1971.


Premise: Who used imperialism during their rule of the Mongol Empire?

Hypothesis: Imperialism was a basic component to the conquests of Genghis Khan during the Mongol Empire, and of other war-lords.


Premise: Who granted Newcastle a new charter in 1589?

Hypothesis: Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century, and was created a county corporate with its own sheriff by Henry IV in 1400.


Premise: What is a stromule?

Hypothesis: However, there is a growing body of evidence that stromules are functional, integral features of plant cell plastids, not merely artifacts.


Premise: What does it mean when currencies are left to "float?"

Hypothesis: Anticipating that currency values would fluctuate unpredictably for a time, the industrialized nations increased their reserves (by expanding their money supplies) in amounts far greater than before.


Premise: What does ATP synthase change into ATP?

Hypothesis: ATP synthase uses the energy from the flowing hydrogen ions to phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate into adenosine triphosphate, or ATP.


Premise: What is the potential earnings for a job where there are few skilled workers but many available positions?

Hypothesis: A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply), but a large need for the positions (high demand), will result in high wages for that job.


Premise: What is another possible explanation for the source of the signals?

Hypothesis: He expanded on the signals he heard in a 9 February 1901 Collier's Weekly article "Talking With Planets" where he said it had not been immediately apparent to him that he was hearing "intelligently controlled signals" and that the signals could come from Mars, Venus, or other planets.


Premise: What did Johannes Agricola preach that God's gospel revealed?

Hypothesis: Based on this sermon and others by Agricola, Luther suspected that Agricola was behind certain anonymous antinomian theses circulating in Wittenberg.


Premise: How much oxygen is found is a liter of fresh water under normal conditions?

Hypothesis: Oxygen is more soluble in water than nitrogen is.


Premise: When did he first mention wireless communication?

Hypothesis: Tesla went on to pursue his ideas of wireless lighting and electricity distribution in his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments in New York and Colorado Springs, and made early (1893) pronouncements on the possibility of wireless communication with his devices.


Premise: A decision made by what entity restored Tesla's patents?

Hypothesis: The court declared that their decision had no bearing on Marconi's claim as the first to achieve radio transmission, just that since Marconi's claim to certain patents were questionable, he could not claim infringement on those same patents (there are claims the high court was trying to nullify a World War I claim against the U.S. government by the Marconi Company via simply restoring Tesla's prior patent).


Premise: What does the IPCC rely on for research?

Hypothesis: Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies, and its schedule for producing reports requires a deadline for submissions prior to the report's final release.


Premise: What did he do to his feet at night?

Hypothesis: He squished his toes one hundred times for each foot every night, saying that it stimulated his brain cells.


Premise: What did Pegasus satellites measure to propose the safety of the environment in space and on the moon?

Hypothesis: The last three of these further supported the Apollo program by also carrying Pegasus satellites, which verified the safety of the translunar environment by measuring the frequency and severity of micrometeorite impacts.


Hypothesis: On May 21, 2013, NFL owners at their spring meetings in Boston voted and awarded the game to Levi's Stadium.


Premise: When was the newsmagazine 20/20 first created?

Hypothesis: In June 1978, Arledge created the newsmagazine 20/20; after its first episode received harshly negative reviews, the program – which debuted as a summer series, before becoming a year-round program in 1979 – was immediately revamped to feature a mix of in-depth stories and interviews, with Hugh Downs appointed as its anchor (later paired alongside his former Today colleague Barbara Walters).


Premise: in 1846 who's natural history lectures were acclaimed in New York and Harvard?

Hypothesis: This dual view of knowledge was in concert with the teachings of Common Sense Realism derived from Scottish philosophers Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart, whose works were part of the Harvard curriculum at the time.


Premise: What was the goal of Braddock's expedition?

Hypothesis: They chose Major General Edward Braddock to lead the expedition.


Premise: Which company provided streetcar connections between downtown and the hospital?

Hypothesis: This rapid development was no doubt hastened by the Fresno Traction Company right-of-way along Huntington Boulevard, which provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital.


Premise: What issues were not addressed in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle?

Hypothesis: The issues of conflicting territorial claims between British and French colonies in North America were turned over to a commission to resolve, but it reached no decision.


Premise: Some non-British works in the British galleries were imported from which continent?

Hypothesis: Not only the work of British artists and craftspeople is on display, but also work produced by European artists that was purchased or commissioned by British patrons, as well as imports from Asia, including porcelain, cloth and wallpaper.


Premise: What administration did Ludwig Mies van der Rohe designa buiding?

Hypothesis: In 2011, the university completed the glass dome-shaped Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, which provides a grand reading room for the university library and prevents the need for an off-campus book depository.


Premise: A strike by what entity resulted in a halt to production for network programs in the 2007-2008 season?

Hypothesis: The program would become a minor success for the network during its initial six-episode run, which led ABC to renew Duel as a regular series starting in April 2008.


Premise: What did did article 34 discriminate against in Procureur du Roi v Dassonville?

Hypothesis: It discriminated against parallel importers like Mr Dassonville, who could not get certificates from authorities in France, where they bought the Scotch.


Premise: Which country rationed gasoline and heating gas?

Hypothesis: Despite being relatively unaffected by the embargo, the UK nonetheless faced an oil crisis of its own - a series of strikes by coal miners and railroad workers over the winter of 1973–74 became a major factor in the change of government.


Premise: What is tertiary endosymbiosis of haptophyte chloroplasts expected to create?

Hypothesis: Because the haptophyte chloroplast has four membranes, tertiary endosymbiosis would be expected to create a six membraned chloroplast, adding the haptophyte's cell membrane and the dinophyte's phagosomal vacuole.


Premise: Where was the Archangel Michael shrine located?

Hypothesis: William of Apulia tells that, in 1016, Norman pilgrims to the shrine of the Archangel Michael at Monte Gargano were met by Melus of Bari, a Lombard nobleman and rebel, who persuaded them to return with more warriors to help throw off the Byzantine rule, which they did.


Premise: What is the last name of the player who scored a 2-yard touchdown in the fourth quarter?

Hypothesis: Meanwhile, Denver's offense was kept out of the end zone for three plays, but a holding penalty on cornerback Josh Norman gave the Broncos a new set of downs.


Premise: Matter particles are shown as what kind of lines in a Feynman diagram?

Hypothesis: Matter and anti-matter particles are identical except for their direction of propagation through the Feynman diagram.


Premise: What was found to be at fault for the fire in the cabin on Apollo 1 regarding the CM design?

Hypothesis: " At the insistence of NASA Administrator Webb, North American removed Harrison Storms as Command Module program manager.


Premise: About how many cubic meters of make-up water is used by a 700-megawatt coal-fired power plant for evaporative cooling hourly?

Hypothesis: Evaporative cooling towers need less water flow than "once-through" cooling by river or lake water; a 700 megawatt coal-fired power plant may use about 3600 cubic metres of make-up water every hour for evaporative cooling, but would need about twenty times as much if cooled by river water.[citation needed]


Premise: Which mission did Schmitt finally land on the moon?

Hypothesis: Dr. Harrison Schmitt, a geologist, was the first NASA scientist astronaut to fly in space, and landed on the Moon on the last mission, Apollo 17.


Premise: What is a common practice in official corporal punishment?

Hypothesis: Official corporal punishment, often by caning, remains commonplace in schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries.


Premise: How many universities offer an Initial Teacher Education (ITE) program?

Hypothesis: Teaching in Scotland is an all graduate profession and the normal route for graduates wishing to teach is to complete a programme of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) at one of the seven Scottish Universities who offer these courses.


Premise: What other reason caused poor supply of New France from a difficult winter?

Hypothesis: While many parties to the conflict blamed others (the Indians blamed the French for bringing "bad medicine" as well as denying them prizes at Fort William Henry), the disease was probably spread through the crowded conditions at William Henry after the battle.


Premise: What did he think was everywhere in the universe?

Hypothesis: He was a believer in the 19th century concept of an all pervasive "ether" that transmitted electrical energy.


Premise: When was the Disney and ABC merger first announced?

Hypothesis: On July 31, 1995, The Walt Disney Company announced an agreement to merge with Capital Cities/ABC for $19 billion.


Premise: How do regimes fight against cultural imperialism?

Hypothesis: The importance of soft power is not lost on authoritarian regimes, fighting such influence with bans on foreign popular culture, control of the internet and unauthorised satellite dishes etc.


Premise: What do rules about conflict of interest involving doctors diagnosing patients resemble?

Hypothesis: This system reflects much similarity to the checks and balances system of the U.S. and many other governments.[citation needed]


Premise: Why was the 36 acres leased?

Hypothesis: A debate over whether the decision should or could be submitted for approval by the Southern Jurisdictional Conference at its July 2008 meeting in Dallas, Texas, remains unresolved.


Premise: How many invertebrate species are known in Brazil alone?

Hypothesis: Scientists have described between 96,660 and 128,843 invertebrate species in Brazil alone.


Premise: What surrounds the church of St. Andrew?

Hypothesis: It is surrounded by the last of the ancient churchyards to retain its original character.


Premise: When was the heyday of secular Arab nationalism?

Hypothesis: Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Group maintains that "the conception of 'political Islam'" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam was a historical fluke of the "short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970", and it is quietist/non-political Islam, not Islamism, that requires explanation.


Premise: Why were Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes executed by the Catholic Church?

Hypothesis: This behavior started with his learning of the execution of Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, the first individuals to be martyred by the Roman Catholic Church for Lutheran views, prompting Luther to write the hymn "


Premise: What is Warsaw's economy characterized by?

Hypothesis: Today Warsaw is considered an "Alpha–" global city, a major international tourist destination and a significant cultural, political and economic hub.


Premise: Which of Genghis Khan's sons completed the conquest of the Jin dynasty?

Hypothesis: In 1211, after the conquest of Western Xia, Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty.


Premise: The beginnings of digital television allowed what affiliate in Wheeling, West Virginia to begin airing ABC programs digitally?

Hypothesis: As a result, with the exception of the largest markets, ABC was relegated to secondary status on one or both of the existing stations, usually via off-hours clearances (a notable exception during this time was WKST-TV in Youngstown, Ohio, now WYTV, despite the small size of the surrounding market and its close proximity to Cleveland and Pittsburgh even decades before the city's economic collapse).


Premise: What is Psalm 31:5?

Hypothesis: A distinct "Yes" was Luther's reply.


Premise: Who did BSkyB team up with because it was not part of the consortium?

Hypothesis: However, this was replaced by Sky Three on 31 October 2005, which was itself later re-branded as 'Pick TV' in 2011.


Premise: How quickly can an algorithm solve an NP-complete knapsack problem?

Hypothesis: For example, the decision problem in Presburger arithmetic has been shown not to be in P, yet algorithms have been written that solve the problem in reasonable times in most cases.


Premise: How early did Luther say he had to awaken every day?

Hypothesis: In 1501, at the age of 19, he entered the University of Erfurt, which he later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse.


Premise: How did William Shirley feel about French advancement?

Hypothesis: William Shirley, the expansionist governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, was particularly forceful, stating that British colonists would not be safe as long as the French were present.


Premise: How many years do Elders serve as provisional Elders prior to their ordination?

Hypothesis: Elders may also be assigned as District Superintendents, and they are eligible for election to the episcopacy.


Premise: Where did Martin Luther go to school?


Premise: Who redesigned the central garden?

Hypothesis: The central garden was redesigned by Kim Wilkie and opened as the John Madejski Garden, on 5 July 2005.


Premise: What state constitutional amendments make reference to the government funding religious schools?

Hypothesis: Government funding for religious schools is either subject to restrictions or possibly forbidden, according to the courts' interpretation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments. Non-religious private schools theoretically could qualify for such funding without hassle, preferring the advantages of independent control of their student admissions and course content instead of the public funding they could get with charter status.


Premise: When did Western forces invade Iraq?

Hypothesis: The group gained prominence after it drove Iraqi government forces out of key cities in western Iraq in a 2014 offensive.


Premise: When was the Duchy of Normandy founded?

Hypothesis: The territory was roughly equivalent to the old province of Rouen, and reproduced the Roman administrative structure of Gallia Lugdunensis II (part of the former Gallia Lugdunensis).


Premise: Who notably improved the Savery water pump?

Hypothesis: It used condensing steam to create a vacuum which was used to raise water from below, then it used steam pressure to raise it higher.


Premise: How many fumbles did Von Miller force?

Hypothesis: Denver linebacker Von Miller was named Super Bowl MVP, recording five solo tackles, 2½ sacks, and two forced fumbles.


Premise: In what year did Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players open?

Hypothesis: Also in the Tower District is Good Company Players' 2nd Space Theatre.


Premise: What was Apple Talk

Hypothesis: AppleTalk was a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. in 1985 for Apple Macintosh computers.


Premise: What influence did Al Banna wish to eliminate from the Muslim world?

Hypothesis: Like Maududi, Al Banna believed in the necessity of government rule based on Shariah law implemented gradually and by persuasion, and of eliminating all imperialist influence in the Muslim world.


Premise: What was the secondary endosymbiotic event?

Hypothesis: The engulfed alga was broken down, leaving only its chloroplast, and sometimes its cell membrane and nucleus, forming a chloroplast with three or four membranes—the two cyanobacterial membranes, sometimes the eaten alga's cell membrane, and the phagosomal vacuole from the host's cell membrane.


Premise: Which Super Bowl, after the 50th one, will begin have Roman numerals in the title again?

Hypothesis: On June 4, 2014, the NFL announced that the practice of branding Super Bowl games with Roman numerals, a practice established at Super Bowl V, would be temporarily suspended, and that the game would be named using Arabic numerals as Super Bowl 50 as opposed to Super Bowl L.


Premise: Previous to isotopic dating sections of rocks had to be dated using fossils and stratigraphic correlation relative to what?

Hypothesis: Previously, geologists could only use fossils and stratigraphic correlation to date sections of rock relative to one another.


Premise: Where was the NFL Experience held for the 2015 season?

Hypothesis: The annual NFL Experience was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco.


Premise: What is the name of the program that provides contracting work to local companies?

Hypothesis: The host committee has already raised over $40 million through sponsors including Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity Health.


Premise: What was the capital of the Mongol Empire?

Hypothesis: He allowed them to make decisions on their own when they embarked on campaigns far from the Mongol Empire capital Karakorum.


Premise: When did Michael Eisner first join ABC?

Hypothesis: In the early 1970s, Michael Eisner, who joined ABC in 1966, became the network's program development manager.


Premise: In what year did John and Charles Wesley come to America to teach the gospel?

Hypothesis: John Wesley returned to England and met with a group of clergy he respected.


Premise: Who performed a benefit concert for the charity Children in Need?

Hypothesis: All the incidental music for the 2005 revived series has been composed by Murray Gold and Ben Foster and has been performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales from the 2005 Christmas episode "The Christmas Invasion" onwards.


Premise: What is the name of the law which imposed the speed limit?

Hypothesis: Development of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve began in 1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978.[citation needed]


Premise: Along with public schools, what type of school was recognized under the South African Schools Act?

Hypothesis: Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century.


Premise: What was the primary race of students attending Christian academies after the Brown decision?

Hypothesis: In many parts of the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that demanded United States schools desegregate "with all deliberate speed", local families organized a wave of private "Christian academies".


Premise: What kind of membrane do primary chloroplasts have?


Premise: Where did many Spanish Catholic move after British takeover in Florida?

Hypothesis: Although the Spanish takeover of the Louisiana territory (which was not completed until 1769) had modest repercussions, the British takeover of Spanish Florida resulted in the westward migration of tribes that did not want to do business with the British, and a rise in tensions between the Choctaw and the Creek, historic enemies whose divisions the British at times exploited.


Premise: When was Luther examined at Augsburg by the papal legate?

Hypothesis: The Elector Frederick persuaded the pope to have Luther examined at Augsburg, where the Imperial Diet was held.


Premise: What town is surrounded by Jacksonville?

Hypothesis: Nassau County lies to the north, Baker County lies to the west, and Clay and St. Johns County lie to the south; the Atlantic Ocean lies to the east, along with the Jacksonville Beaches.


Premise: Who expounded the Three Laws of Motion?

Hypothesis: These were all formulated and experimentally verified before Isaac Newton expounded his Three Laws of Motion.


Premise: What did Mitsubishi rename its Forte to?

Hypothesis: Later the American makers introduced their domestic replacements (Ford Ranger, Dodge Dakota and the Chevrolet S10/GMC S-15), ending their captive import policy.


Premise: People behaving with civil disobedience that is not-violent is said to make society have more of what?

Hypothesis: Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience.


Premise: There are direct contractual links between who?

Hypothesis: There are direct contractual links between the architect's client and the main contractor.


Premise: At the time of its formation, how many congregations did the UMC have?

Hypothesis: At the time of its formation, the UMC had about 11 million members in nearly 42,000 congregations.


Premise: Where was American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres, Inc headquartered after the merger?

Hypothesis: To comply with FCC ownership restrictions in effect at the time that barred common ownership of two television stations in the same market, UPT sold its Chicago television station, WBKB-TV, to CBS (which subsequently changed the station's call letters to WBBM-TV) for $6 million, while it kept ABC's existing Chicago station, WENR-TV.


Premise: When did Operation Anvil open?

Hypothesis: Operation Anvil opened on 24 April 1954, after weeks of planning by the army with the approval of the War Council.


Premise: How did the United States plan to subdue imperialistic tendencies?

Hypothesis: The early United States expressed its opposition to Imperialism, at least in a form distinct from its own Manifest Destiny, through policies such as the Monroe Doctrine.


Premise: What are some proposals to connect campuses?

Hypothesis: Proposals to connect the Cambridge campus with the new Allston campus include new and enlarged bridges, a shuttle service and/or a tram.


Premise: What department did Kublai create to train doctors?

Hypothesis: Kublai created the Imperial Academy of Medicine to manage medical treatises and the education of new doctors.


Premise: How long ago was it when the water broke through the Purus Arch?

Hypothesis: Within the last 5–10 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.


Premise: How long was the longest Doctor Who Christmas Special?

Hypothesis: Four mini-episodes, running about eight minutes each, were also produced for the 1993, 2005 and 2007 Children in Need charity appeals, while another mini-episode was produced in 2008 for a Doctor Who-themed edition of The Proms.


Premise: Who sacked Cam Newton at the end of the half?

Hypothesis: But with 11 seconds left, Newton was sacked by DeMarcus Ware as time expired in the half.


Premise: How many tons of carbon are absorbed the Amazon in a typical year?

Hypothesis: In a typical year the Amazon absorbs 1.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide; during 2005 instead 5 gigatons were released and in 2010 8 gigatons were released.


Premise: Who is largely considered the first United Methodist theologian?

Hypothesis: With the formation of The United Methodist Church in 1968, theologian Albert C. Outler led the team which systematized denominational doctrine.


Premise: When did the Wahhabi seized the Grand Mosque in Mecca?

Hypothesis: In the wake of the Iranian revolution the Saudis were forced to deal with the prospect of internal destabilization via the radicalism of Islamism, a reality which would quickly be revealed in the seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca by Wahhabi extremists during November 1979 and a Shiite revolt in the oil rich Al-Hasa region of Saudi Arabia in December of the same year.


Premise: What trading route joined Khwarezmia and the Mongol Empire?

Hypothesis: Genghis Khan saw the potential advantage in Khwarezmia as a commercial trading partner using the Silk Road, and he initially sent a 500-man caravan to establish official trade ties with the empire.


Premise: Which genus lack tentacles and sheaths?

Hypothesis: Development of the fertilized eggs is direct, in other words there is no distinctive larval form, and juveniles of all groups generally resemble miniature cydippid adults.


Premise: How many Grade One listed railway stations are in the UK?

Hypothesis: The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK.


Premise: Whose occupation of Kuwait did the US military personal seek to put an end to?

Hypothesis: Prior to 1990 Saudi Arabia played an important role in restraining the many Islamist groups that received its aid.


Premise: Who started the IPCC Trust Fund?

Hypothesis: The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Costs of the Secretary and of housing the secretariat are provided by the WMO, while UNEP meets the cost of the Depute Secretary.


Premise: What did Luther tell monks and nuns about their vows?

Hypothesis: He assured monks and nuns that they could break their vows without sin, because vows were an illegitimate and vain attempt to win salvation.


Premise: French troops put down the Camisard uprisings between what years?

Hypothesis: It took French troops years to hunt down and destroy all the bands of Camisards, between 1702 and 1709.


Premise: The WJZ callsign would then be assigned to an ABC affiliate in what city in 1959?

Hypothesis: The WJZ calls would later be reassigned to the then-ABC affiliate in Baltimore in 1959, in an historical nod to the fact that WJZ was originally established by the Baltimore station's owner at the time, Westinghouse.


Premise: Who was hired to produce ABC's 2001-02 identity?

Hypothesis: The network hired the Troika Design Group to design and produce its 2001–02 identity, which continued using the black-and-yellow coloring of the logo and featured dots and stripes in various promotional and identification spots.


Premise: What sea bordered Genghis Khan's empire to the east when he died?

Hypothesis: At the time of his death, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Caspian Sea to the Sea of Japan.


Premise: What is the second phase of the digitization project?

Hypothesis: The third step of the Factory Project is to audit the collection.


Premise: What were Tyneside flats built as?

Hypothesis: They can still be found in areas such as South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne.


Premise: What was the overly generous royalty amount that Tesla had been receiving?

Hypothesis: Westinghouse convinced Tesla to release his company from the licensing agreement over Tesla's AC patents in exchange for Westinghouse Electric purchasing the patents for a lump sum payment of $216,000; this provided Westinghouse a break from what, due to alternating current's rapid gain in popularity, had turned out to be an overly generous $2.50 per AC horsepower royalty.


Premise: How many intercollegiate sports does Harvard compete in NCAA division I

Hypothesis: Harvard has an intense athletic rivalry with Yale University culminating in The Game, although the Harvard–Yale Regatta predates the football game.


Premise: What happened to the rate of flow in the Rhine during the Rhine straightening program?

Hypothesis: The rate of flow was increased and the ground water level fell significantly.


Premise: What provides a solution to a list of integers provided as input that ned to be sorted?

Hypothesis: For example, consider the deterministic sorting algorithm quicksort.


Premise: What is the first line of defense against pathogens that prevents them from entering an organism?

Hypothesis: In simple terms, physical barriers prevent pathogens such as bacteria and viruses from entering the organism.


Premise: How many points did the Broncos score in the final three minutes of the Pittsburgh game?

Hypothesis: The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the divisional round, 23–16, by scoring 11 points in the final three minutes of the game.


Premise: What are the three parchment-bound manuscripts of the Codex Forster called?

Hypothesis: The Codex consists of three parchment-bound manuscripts, Forster I, Forster II, and Forster III, quite small in size, dated between 1490 and 1505.


Premise: What portion of Berlin's population spoke French by 1700?

Hypothesis: The Berlin Huguenots preserved the French language in their church services for nearly a century.


Premise: During what decade did the campus start to look more modern?

Hypothesis: In 2011, the university completed the glass dome-shaped Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, which provides a grand reading room for the university library and prevents the need for an off-campus book depository.


Premise: What was Warner Sinback

Hypothesis: Warner was right.)


Premise: What type of opportunities would be expected from these counties?

Hypothesis: Many counties offer alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions.


Premise: What seldom mutates?

Hypothesis: The inverted repeat regions are highly conserved among land plants, and accumulate few mutations.


Premise: What geochemist developed the uranium-lead dating method into lead-lead dating?

Hypothesis: Nuclear physicist and researcher Stanton Friedman, who worked on some early projects involving nuclear-powered spacecraft propulsion systems, is also a graduate (M.Sc).


Premise: What are colloblasts?

Hypothesis: Colloblasts are specialized mushroom-shaped cells in the outer layer of the epidermis, and have three main components: a domed head with vesicles (chambers) that contain adhesive; a stalk that anchors the cell in the lower layer of the epidermis or in the mesoglea; and a spiral thread that coils round the stalk and is attached to the head and to the root of the stalk.


Premise: What are clades?

Hypothesis: These clades (which are thought to be extinct) were found to be ancestral to modern isolates of the modern Y. pestis strains Y. p. orientalis and Y. p. medievalis, suggesting the plague may have entered Europe in two waves.


Premise: How many US presidents are alumni of the school?

Hypothesis: The nominal cost of attendance is high, but the University's large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages.


Premise: Who normally manages a construction job?

Hypothesis: Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding, etc.


Premise: What kind of university is the University of Chicago?

Hypothesis: The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, or U of C) is a private research university in Chicago.


Premise: What introduces inequality to a country?

Hypothesis: As a country develops, it acquires more capital, which leads to the owners of this capital having more wealth and income and introducing inequality.


Premise: What coalition rose up to oppose Louis XIV's France?

Hypothesis: William formed the League of Augsburg as a coalition to oppose Louis and the French state.


Premise: Who was named president of Disney-ABC television group in 2004?

Hypothesis: On April 21, 2004, Disney announced a restructuring of its Disney Media Networks division with Anne Sweeney being named president of ABC parent Disney–ABC Television Group, and ESPN president George Bodenheimer becoming co-CEO of the division with Sweeney, as well as president of ABC Sports.


Premise: Intractable problems lacking polynomial time solutions necessarily negate the practical efficacy of what type of algorithm?

Hypothesis: To see why exponential-time algorithms might be unusable in practice, consider a program that makes 2n operations before halting.


Premise: When was the Santer Commission censured by Parliament?

Hypothesis: It has a six-person board appointed by the European Council, on the Council's recommendation.


Premise: Healing services involve the laying on of hands and what else?

Hypothesis: These services involve the laying on of hands and anointing with oil.


Premise: Most antibiotics target bacteria and don't affect what class of organisms?

Hypothesis: There is good evidence that re-introduction of probiotic flora, such as pure cultures of the lactobacilli normally found in unpasteurized yogurt, helps restore a healthy balance of microbial populations in intestinal infections in children and encouraging preliminary data in studies on bacterial gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, urinary tract infection and post-surgical infections.


Premise: What is the study of proteins involved in immune response known as?

Hypothesis: Computational methods have been developed to predict the immunogenicity of peptides and proteins, which are particularly useful in designing therapeutic antibodies, assessing likely virulence of mutations in viral coat particles, and validation of proposed peptide-based drug treatments.


Premise: What did Tesla write?

Hypothesis: Tesla wrote a number of books and articles for magazines and journals.


Premise: When do chloroplasts produce defense signals?

Hypothesis: As cellular signals, reactive oxygen species are unstable molecules, so they probably don't leave the chloroplast, but instead pass on their signal to an unknown second messenger molecule.


Premise: What were the reasons why residents moved to the town of Fresno Station?

Hypothesis: Many Millerton residents, drawn by the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding, moved to the new community.


Premise: What do etioplasts' internal membranes have?

Hypothesis: An etioplast is a plastid that lacks chlorophyll, and has inner membrane invaginations that form a lattice of tubes in their stroma, called a prolamellar body.


Premise: Approximately how many architectural drawings does the V&A hold in its collection?

Hypothesis: In 2004, the V&A alongside Royal Institute of British Architects opened the first permanent gallery in the UK covering the history of architecture with displays using models, photographs, elements from buildings and original drawings.


Premise: What does Rajan feel has created deep financial fault lines?

Hypothesis: This has given the American economy a tendency to go "from bubble to bubble" fueled by unsustainable monetary stimulation.


Premise: In how many places is oxygen stored in its cycle?

Hypothesis: This biogeochemical cycle describes the movement of oxygen within and between its three main reservoirs on Earth: the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere.


Premise: When was amnesty granted to those responsible for the massacre?

Hypothesis: An amnesty granted in 1573 pardoned the perpetrators.[citation needed]


Premise: Who are debates and meetings open to?

Hypothesis: Chamber debates and committee meetings are open to the public.


Premise: Who constructed Newcastle's station?

Hypothesis: The station is one of only six Grade One listed railway stations in the UK.


Premise: What was Luther's Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences later called?

Hypothesis: He enclosed in his letter a copy of his "Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences", which came to be known as The Ninety-Five Theses.


Premise: What is one example of a unique factorization domain?

Hypothesis: The fundamental theorem of arithmetic continues to hold in unique factorization domains.


Premise: What do lobates feed on?

Hypothesis: This combination of structures enables lobates to feed continuously on suspended planktonic prey.


Premise: Who may be a spiritual teacher in the LDS Church?

Hypothesis: In The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), the teacher is an office in the Aaronic priesthood, generally conferred on young boys or recent converts, and has little in common with the "spiritual teacher" archetype.


Premise: What is the most rainfall recorded in a 24 hour period in Fresno?

Hypothesis: The most rainfall in one month was 9.54 inches (242.3 mm) in November 1885 and the most rainfall in 24 hours 3.55 inches (90.2 mm) on November 18, 1885.


Premise: What had Bhutto planned on banning within six months, before he was overthrown?

Hypothesis: Ali Bhutto, a leftist in democratic competition with Islamists, had announced banning alcohol and nightclubs within six months, shortly before he was overthrown.


Premise: How many miles south of San Jose is the north - south midway point located?

Hypothesis: Geographically, California's north-south midway point lies at exactly 37° 9' 58.23" latitude, around 11 miles (18 km) south of San Jose; however, this does not coincide with popular use of the term.


Premise: Many construction companies are now placing more emphasis on what?

Hypothesis: Several project structures can assist the owner in this integration, including design-build, partnering and construction management.


Premise: How did Natives in Logstown take Celeron's information?

Hypothesis: Céloron threatened "Old Briton" with severe consequences if he continued to trade with the British. "


Premise: When did Tesla first encounter Alfred S. Brown

Hypothesis: In late 1886 Tesla met Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union superintendent, and New York attorney Charles F. Peck.


Premise: Where did support from governmental and religious groups come from?

Hypothesis: The Taliban differed from other Islamist movements to the point where they might be more properly described as Islamic fundamentalist or neofundamentalist, interested in spreading "an idealized and systematized version of conservative tribal village customs" under the label of Sharia to an entire country.


Premise: How long was he bedridden with cholera?

Hypothesis: Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden for nine months and was near death multiple times.


Premise: What were two of Fresno's most beautiful architectural buildings that are now demolished?

Hypothesis: Among them, the original Fresno County Courthouse (demolished), the Fresno Carnegie Public Library (demolished), the Fresno Water Tower, the Bank of Italy Building, the Pacific Southwest Building, the San Joaquin Light & Power Building (currently known as the Grand 1401), and the Hughes Hotel (burned down), to name a few.


Premise: After the Peterloo massacre what poet wrote The Massacre of Anarchy?

Hypothesis: Following the Peterloo massacre of 1819, poet Percy Shelley wrote the political poem


Premise: Some in the UMC feel that false ecumenism might result in what?

Hypothesis: However, there are some in The United Methodist Church who feel that false ecumenism might result in the "blurring of theological and confessional differences in the interests of unity."


Premise: What is the main goal of criminal punishment of civil disobedients?

Hypothesis: Along with giving the offender his "just deserts", achieving crime control via incapacitation and deterrence is a major goal of criminal punishment.


Premise: Imperialism and colonialism both assert a states dominance over what?

Hypothesis: Thus it can be said that imperialism includes some form of colonialism, but colonialism itself does not automatically imply imperialism, as it lacks a political focus.[further explanation needed]


Premise: Dimensions in Time featured what prominent soap opera?

Hypothesis: It also featured a crossover with the soap opera EastEnders, the action taking place in the latter's Albert Square location and around Greenwich.


Premise: In 1962, who was responsible for the authorship of a paper published on real time-computations?

Hypothesis: Somewhat earlier, Boris Trakhtenbrot (1956), a pioneer in the field from the USSR, studied another specific complexity measure.


Premise: Where is 97% of the population located?

Hypothesis: Bantu and Nilotic populations together constitute around 97% of the nation's residents.


Premise: When was Doctor Who created?

Hypothesis: Who character by BBC Television in the early 1960s, a myriad of stories have been published about Doctor Who, in different media: apart from the actual television episodes that continue to be produced by the BBC, there have also been novels, comics, short stories, audio books, radio plays, interactive video games, game books, webcasts, DVD extras, and even stage performances.


Premise: People of what nationality invented the steam turbine?

Hypothesis: It was however superseded by the British invention steam turbine where speed was required, for instance in warships, such as the dreadnought battleships, and ocean liners.


Premise: What is the name of one type of computing method that is used to find prime numbers?

Hypothesis: Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing.


Premise: Ctenophora are less complex than which other phylum?

Hypothesis: Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.), and less complex than bilaterians (which include almost all other animals).


Premise: How many general principles does the Social Charter declare?

Hypothesis: The Social Charter became the basis for European Community legislation on these issues in 40 pieces of legislation.


Premise: How far from Warsaw does the Vistula river's environment change noticeably?

Hypothesis: There are lot of small lakes in the parks, but only a few are permanent – the majority are emptied before winter to clean them of plants and sediments.


Premise: What are frets?

Hypothesis: Each granum can contain anywhere from two to a hundred thylakoids, though grana with 10–20 thylakoids are most common.


Premise: What candy company did Edward John Noble own?

Hypothesis: Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million.


Premise: For what railroad did Stephenson build a locomotive in 1825?

Hypothesis: In 1825 George Stephenson built the Locomotion for the Stockton and Darlington Railway.


Premise: How did Luther smuggle 12 nuns out of a convent during the rebellion?

Hypothesis: Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523, when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels. "


Premise: What was Zia-ul-Haq's official state ideology?

Hypothesis: Zia ul Haq was an admirer of Mawdudi and Mawdudi's party Jamaat-e-Islami became the "regime's ideological and political arm".


Premise: What are MPs unable to vote upon?

Hypothesis: Following the Conservative victory in the 2015 UK election, standing orders of the House of Commons were changed to give MPs representing English constituencies a new "veto" over laws only affecting England.


Premise: In what year was the ordination order of transitional deacon abolished?

Hypothesis: At the 1996 General Conference the ordination order of transitional deacon was abolished.


Premise: Down to how many laws did Tesla believe the fundamental laws could be reduced?

Hypothesis: By what process does the mind get at all this?"


Premise: What consequence of establishing the Scottish Parliament applies to Scottish MPs sitting in the UK House of Commons?

Hypothesis: A procedural consequence of the establishment of the Scottish Parliament is that Scottish MPs sitting in the UK House of Commons are able to vote on domestic legislation that applies only to England, Wales and Northern Ireland – whilst English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish Westminster MPs are unable to vote on the domestic legislation of the Scottish Parliament.


Premise: How many graduate students does Harvard have?

Hypothesis: The color was unofficially adopted (in preference to magenta) by an 1875 vote of the student body, although the association with some form of red can be traced back to 1858, when Charles William Eliot, a young graduate student who would later become Harvard's 21st and longest-serving president (1869–1909), bought red bandanas for his crew so they could more easily be distinguished by spectators at a regatta.


Premise: In the determination of complexity classes, what are two examples of types of Turing machines?

Hypothesis: They are all equally powerful in principle, but when resources (such as time or space) are bounded, some of these may be more powerful than others.


Premise: What has given the American economy a tendency to go "from bubble to bubble"?

Hypothesis: This has given the American economy a tendency to go "from bubble to bubble" fueled by unsustainable monetary stimulation.


Premise: How many times prios has the Sun Life Stadium had Super Bowls?

Hypothesis: The league announced on October 16, 2012, that the two finalists were Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium.


Premise: What did ABC do that was special in 2003?

Hypothesis: In Australia, the show has had a strong fan base since its inception, having been exclusively first run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) since January 1965.


Premise: What is the receptor that killer T cells use to bind to specific antigens that are complexed with the MHC Class 1 receptor of another cell?

Hypothesis: The T cell then travels throughout the body in search of cells where the MHC I receptors bear this antigen.


Premise: What objects in organisms absorb singlet oxygen to prevent harm?

Hypothesis: Carotenoids in photosynthetic organisms (and possibly also in animals) play a major role in absorbing energy from singlet oxygen and converting it to the unexcited ground state before it can cause harm to tissues.


Premise: What is the name of the student improvisational theater troupe?

Hypothesis: Students at the University of Chicago run over 400 clubs and organizations known as Recognized Student Organizations (RSOs).


Premise: What did he think was everywhere in the universe?

Hypothesis: Tesla exhibited a pre-atomic understanding of physics in his writings; he disagreed with the theory of atoms being composed of smaller subatomic particles, stating there was no such thing as an electron creating an electric charge (he believed that if electrons existed at all, they were some fourth state of matter or "sub-atom" that could only exist in an experimental vacuum and that they had nothing to do with electricity).:249 Tesla believed that atoms are immutable—they could not change state or be split in any way.


Premise: Why do the island archipelagos comprise a smaller number of electors?

Hypothesis: The island archipelagos of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles comprise a much smaller number of electors, due to their dispersed population and distance from the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh.